Education Research Frontier March 2016, Volume 6, Issue 1, PP.41-47
Scale Composition of University Teacher participation in Curricular Reform∗ Yuanqi Song (College of Intercultural Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing China, 400715) Email: song200702@163.com
Abstract Based upon the analysis of literature at home and abroad and the interviews of teachers, the author compiled a scale of university teacher participation in curricular reform, which includes sense of participation, attitudes towards participation, environment of participation, actions of participation and effects of participation. By using the analysis of exploring factors of the preliminary scale, and the analyses of exploring factors and verifying factors of the pioneer questionnaire, the final scale is composed of the five structural factors with a total of 44 items. Analysis results show that the scale is of good reliability, good structure and data fitting, and it has good construct validity. Therefore, it can be used as an assessment tool of teacher participation in curriculum reforms in university. Key Words: curricular reform; teacher participation; factor analysis; validity; reliability
1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND The success of education reform depends a lot on what teachers think and act (Fullan, 2010: 99), since curricular reform is the core of education reform, and the implementation of any curricular reform plan is carried out completely by the teachers. Curricular reform refers to the changes and modifications of the curricular as one defines, therefore, it can be of big or small scales. From the aspect of influences on teachers, Markee (1997:172) defined curricular reform as an organized process, and its success demonstrates itself in the innovation of the implementers’ use of teaching materials, skills and concepts. Accordingly, the main effects of curricular reform should be the transformations of teachers’ teaching concepts, development of teaching skills and methods. This is in line with teachers’ professional development (Voogt, 2011). Successful curricular reform can promote teachers’ professional development. Curricular reform and its implementation are constrained by many factors (Richards, 2003: 94), but “teachers are in the center of any innovation which expects of improvement of teaching and learning (Ying, 2006)”. Teachers are one of the decisive factors of any successful curricular reform. Without teachers’ active participation, there would not have the success of curricular reform; thus, leading the implementers into the reform is very essential (Markee, 1997:172). University curricular reform in China develops very fast and has brought about some problems. One of the serious problems is the lack of teacher participation (Jiang, 2005). Research shows that reform can not succeed without teacher participation (Bee, 2008). Reform of College English Curricular, which provides learning experiences for the non-English majors, is one important aspect of university curricular reforms in China. College English and its reform exert great influence on millions of college students. Therefore, to study teacher participation and the effect of it plays a significant role in today’s reforms. And this study targets at college English teachers, which does not necessarily exclude other university teachers. Scholars home and abroad define teacher participation from various aspects. Some thinks teacher participation refers to teachers’ joining into an organization, carrying out its activities, and providing advices for the activities (Dong, 2008). Some thinks that besides the right to decide their teaching materials, teacher participation is one kind of ∗
This study is the result of a program sponsored by South West University (SWU2013JY092). - 41 www.erfrontier.org