Comparison on the Descripitive-Vocabulary between Chinese and Japanese

Page 1

Education Research Frontier December 2015, Volume 5, Issue 4, PP.58-67

Comparison on the Descripitive-Vocabulary between Chinese and Japanese Taiyong Chen, Hao Xie College of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China School of Foreign Languages, Beijing Institute of Science and Technology, Zhuhai P.R. China Email: sunbelt777@sina.com; 120417728@qq.com

Abstract Japanese is a kind of typical agglutinative language, and its logical meaning depends on the case-auxiliary words. Instead, Chinese is a kind of isolating language and the meaning of which depends on its word order. It hence leads to the great differences on the aspects of formation of vocabulary and semantic expression between them, especially thedescripitive-vocabulary, shows a remarkable constitutive difference on the means of expression and using habits. The amount of vocabulary in Japanese to express one’s emotions and feelings is very poor. However, there are a great number of vivid descripitive-vocabularies existing to complement this imperfection to some extent. In Chinese, onomatopoeia and pictographic words are insufficient, but owing enough words to express one’s emotions and feelings. The constitutive differences of the copy vocabulary between Chinese and Japanese have respectively formed the characteristic means of expression. Keywords: Descripitive-vocabulary; Onomatopoeia; Mimetic Word; Pictographic Word

日汉摹写性词汇对比考 陈太勇,谢好 武汉大学 历史学院,湖北 武汉 430072 北京理工大学珠海校区 外国语学院,广东 珠海 519088 摘

要:日语是典型的黏着语,其逻辑含义是由格助词来决定的。而汉语是孤立语,其逻辑含义是由语序来决定的。这

就导致日汉语的词汇构成及语义表达存在较大差异,特别是摹写性词汇的表达方式和使用习惯存在着非常显著的结构性 差异。日语的感情感觉表达词汇非常匮乏,却存在着大量生动形象的摹写性词汇,在一定程度上补足了这一缺陷。汉语 中的象声词象形词较为匮乏,但感觉感情表达词汇却异常丰富。这种摹写性词汇的结构性差异形成了日汉语各具特色的 表达方式。 关键词:摹写性词汇;拟声词拟态词象声词;象形词

引言 在世界四大语系(屈折语、孤立语、黏着语、抱合语)中,日语属于黏着语系,也叫阿尔泰语系。黏 着语的典型特征是功能词依附在释义词前后,用功能词来表示辞与词之间的语法关系。日语是典型的黏着 语,在文法结构上,其释义词为实词,即表达逻辑概念的词汇,诸如名词、动词、形容词等。其文法词为 虚词,即表示语法关系的词汇,诸如助词、助动词等。在日语中,正是因为有了这些表示语法关系的助词 助动词的存在,才使得日语的语序与其他语言相比较为自由,故日语的逻辑含义是由表示句子结构关系的 格助词和表示语法关系的助词等虚词决定的。而汉语属于孤立语,其逻辑含义和语法关系即不靠词形的曲 折变化来表示,也不靠表示语法关系的虚词,主要是靠语序来决定的。这就导致日汉语的词汇释义存在较 大的差异性,特别是摹写性词汇的释义和翻译存在着非常显著的结构性差异。 - 58 www.erfrontier.org


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.
Comparison on the Descripitive-Vocabulary between Chinese and Japanese by menez - Issuu