An improved gravitation search algorithm for vehicle routing problem

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Modern Transportation September 2014, Volume 3, Issue 2, PP.39-48

An Improved Gravitation Search Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem Nianfu Liu1, Yanling Qiu2, Baoyu Zhang2 1. Student management center, Zhejiang construction of vocational and technical college, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China 2. School of mathematics and statistics, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710071, China #Email: Liunf1020@126.com

Abstract Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is mainly to study how to design a rational vehicle transport routes to reduce the transportation costs. The gravitation search algorithm (GSA) is an intelligent approach which simulates the law of universal gravitational in physics and it has a strong global searching ability. It do has certain effectiveness in solving the vehicle routing problem. Firstly,, in order to avoid the cross pashes, a bi-level mathematical programming model is established for VRP with Multi-Time Windows(VRPMTW). Secondly, in order to improve the search speed and the solution quality of GSA, an improved GSA (IGSA) which merges the cross operator of genetic algorithm and niche technology is presented. Finally, the 50 and 100 group instances of VRPMTW are solved by GSA and IGSA separately. It shows that the IGSA is much better than that of GSA in the aspects of the optimal path length, average delay time, etc., which illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and the optimization algorithm. Keywords: Vehicle Routing Problem; Gravitation Search Algorithm; Bi-Level Mathematical Programming Model; Niche Technology; Genetic Algorithm

车辆路径问题的改进万有引力算法 刘年福 1,邱言玲 2,张宝玉 2 1. 浙江建设职业技术学院学生办事中心,杭州 萧山 311231 2. 西安电子科技大学数学与统计学院,陕西 西安 710071 摘

要:车辆调度问题(VRP)主要研究如何设计合理的车辆运输路线以降低运输成本.万有引力算法(GSA)是一种模拟物理

学中万有引力定律,具有较强全局搜索能力的智能算法,对解决车辆路径问题有一定的有效性.为此,首先对带多时间窗约 束的车辆路径问题(VRPMTW)建立双层数学规划模型,避免了路径间的交叉;其次,为提高 GSA 的求解速度和最优解质量, 提出了一种与小生境技术和遗传算法交叉算子融合的改进万有引力算法(IGSA);最后,分别采用 GSA 与 IGSA 对 50 个客 户节点及 100 个客户节点的 VRPMTW 进行求解和比较.结果表明在最优路径长度以及延迟时间均值等比较参数中,IGSA 的结果与 GSA 相比均有不同幅度的优化,说明了模型及优化算法的可行性和有效性. 关键词:车辆调度问题;万有引力算法;双层数学规划模型;小生境技术;遗传算法

引言 在构建低能耗的经济发展体系中,物流高效合理配送日益被企业所重视,其可归纳为车辆路径问题 (Vehicle Routing Problem ,VRP)。车辆调度问题(VRP)自从 1959 年提出以后,在交通运输、物流配送等领域 获得了广泛应用,而带时间窗约束的车辆调度问题(VRPTW)一直是其研究热点之一。目前该问题还广泛存 在于选址、最短路、网络布局等问题和电路设计及工业管理等领域中,根据服务对象多少,可分为单车与 多车配送的 VRP[1,2];根据服务存在时间限制与否,可分为有时限与无时限的 VRP[3,4];根据时间限制严重与 - 39 www.ivypub.org/mt


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