Aswan Science Centre - Graduation Project (Summarized Volume) by Mennatullah Elghazawy

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Aswan Science Centre

MSA UNIVERSITY ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT FALL 2020 PRESENTED TO: Prof. Omar Fawzy Prof. Sameh Elfeky Prof. Rania Hamdy Prof. Doaa Hassan Prof. Rasha Sayed PREPARED BY: Abdelrahman Zahran 171719 Emad ElDeen Hamdy 171175 Omar Salama175007 Mennatullah Ahmed Mostafa 170967 Lina Gabr 174621 Rana Mohamed 170297 Merna Amr 171917 Mohamed Kenawy 172597 Moamen Elsaqa 171771 Ahmed Farghal185983

Aswan Science Centre

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was supported by Modern Sciences and Arts [MSA] University. We thank our Tutors and Colleagues from the Architecture Department who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this research.. We would also like to show our appreciation to (Prof. Sameh El Feki) (Prof. Doaa Hassan) for sharing their pearls of wisdom with us during the course of this research.

FOREWORD This research is seeking to identify the relationship between Autonomy and Architecture. It would show the journey towards understanding both concepts integrated together. Aswan was selected to represent the integration between Autonomy and Architecture for it is the city of technology and education in Egypt and for it has a history of efforts by its people especially the females to be autonomous in the Ancient Egyptian age. Keywords: Environmental issues - Social issues - Aswan’s culture - Tourisim - Community development -Urban development - Aswan- Egypt.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER1: AUTONOMY 1.0.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 TIMELINE OF AUTONOMY 1.2.0 AUTONOMOUS BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1.2.0 ARCHITECTURE AS ART 1.2.1 ARCHITECTURE AS SCIENCE 1.3.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 2: PROPOSED PROJECT INTRODUCTION 2.0.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 2.1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE CENTRES 2.2.0 SCIENCE CENTRES 2.3.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 3: LOCATION SELECTION INTRODUCTION 3.0.0 LOCATION SELECTION CRITERIA 3.1.0 ASWAN POTENTIALS 3.2.0 FLORA & FAUNA IN ASWAN 3.3.0 SOCIAL ANALYSIS 3.4.0 ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS 3.5.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 4: SITE SELECTION INTRODUCTION 4.0.0 ACCESSIBILITY 4.1.0 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA 4.2.0 PROPOSED SITES

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Aswan Science Centre

4.3.0 LANDMARKS NEAR THE PROPOSED SITE 4.4.0 SWOT ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN SITE 4.5.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 4.5.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CONCLUSION 4.6.0 URBAN ANALYSIS 4.6.0 ACCESSIBILITY TO CHOSEN SITE 4.6.1 CLIMATE ANALYSIS 4.6.2 BUILDING USE 4.6.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS 4.6.4 BUILDING CONDITION 4.6.5 SOLID AND VOID AND VEGETATION 4.6.6 URBAN FABRIC 4.6.7 SENSORY FEATURES 4.6.8 SURROUNDINGS 4.6.9 TOPOGRAPHY 4.7.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 5: DESIGN ISSUES INTRODUCTION 5.0.0 IMAGE 5.1.0 IDENTITY AND MESSAGE 5.2.0 CIRCULATION 5.3.0 SUSTAINABILITY 5.4.0 FLEXIBILITY 5.5.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY 5.6.0 HUMAN COMFORT 5.7.0 ACCESSIBILITY 5.8.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 6: CASE STUDIES 6.0.0 DIVISION TABLE 6.1.0 THE SCIENCE CITY OF EGYPT 6.1.1 DESIGN ISSUES

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Aswan Science Centre

6.2.0 HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER 6.2.1 DESIGN ISSUES 6.3.0 KOLKATA SCIENCE CITY 6.3.1 DESIGN ISSUES 6.4.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 7: PROPOSED PROGRAM OF THE PROJECT INTRODUCTION 7.0.0 INITIAL PROGRAM 7.1.0 DESIGN STANDARDS 7.1.0 PLANETARIUM 7.1.1 OBSERVATION TOWER 7.1.2 LABORATORIES 7.1.3 WORKSHOPS CHAPTER 8: SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION 8.0.0 SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT ON THE PROJECT 8.1.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER 9 INDIVIDUAL WORK INTRODUCTION AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL 9.0.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.0.1 CONCEPT 1 9.0.2 CONCEPT 2 9.0.3 CONCEPT 3 9.0.4 TECHNOLOHGICAL STUDIES

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Aswan Science Centre

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN 9.1.0 CONCEPT 1 9.1.1 CONCEPT 2 9.1.2 CONCEPT 3 EMAD ELDEEN HAMDY 9.2.0 CONCEPT 1 9.2.1 CONCEPT 1 9.2.2 CONCEPT 2 9.2.3 CONCEPT 3 9.2.4 CONCEPT 2 INSPIRATION 9.2.5 TECHNICAL STUDIES LINA HISHAM GABR 9.3.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.3.1 CONCEPT 1 9.3.2 CONCEPT 2 9.3.3 CONCEPT 3 9.3.4 TECHNICAL STUDIES MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA 9.4.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.4.1 CONCEPT 1 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.4.2 CONCEPT 2 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.4.3 CONCEPT 3 + TECHNICAL STUDIES MUHAMED AHMED KENAWY 9.5.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.5.1 ASTRONOMY SCIENCE CENTRE 9.5.2 CONCEPT 1 9.5.3 CONCEPT 2 9.5.4 CONCEPT 3 9.5.5 TECHNICAL STUDIES MERNA AMR AZMY 9.6.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.6.1 CONCEPT 1 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.6.2 CONCEPT 2 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.6.3 CONCEPT 3 + TECHNICAL STUDIES

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MOAMEN MOHAMED ELSAKKA 9.7.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.7.1 CONCEPT 1 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.7.2 CONCEPT 2 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.7.3 CONCEPT 3 + TECHNICAL STUDIES OMAR SALAMA 9.8.0 SCIENCE OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND FABRICATION 9.8.1 CONCEPT 1 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.8.2 CONCEPT 2 + TECHNICAL STUDIES 9.8.3 CONCEPT 3 + TECHNICAL STUDIES RANA MOHAMED SALIM 9.9.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 9.9.1 CONCEPT 1 9.9.2 CONCEPT 2 9.9.3 CONCEPT 3 9.9.4 TECHNICAL STUDIES

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 1 AUTONOMY

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

Aswan Science Centre

GENERAL DEFINITION Autonomy alludes to the idea of division, obstruction, resistance, encounter, and scathing distance, it very well may be said that an urgent importance of autonomy in architecture is to continually create a type of misery through the creation of pictures, writings, and building structures. ARCHITECTURAL DEFINITION . Le Corbusier: Says that: “Autonomy is fundamentally portrayed as a composition described by a self-sufficient separation. and a free relationship of components lacking hierarchy. . Self-sufficient building: The structure that naturally contacts the closest accessible assets and draws them inside with minimal human artificial intervention. AUTONOMY TYPES Artistic Autonomy Kantian Autonomy Immanuel Kant was the one that derived Artistic It’s the actions by a person without the effect of exautonomy from his seminal Critique of Judgment ternal opinions , that cause him to decide personal (1790). though full opinions. Sociocultural Autonomy The concrete manifestation of cultural ideology into the society problems and way of life creating an autonomous way of life. Literary Autonomy Distinguish art from non-art and frames the it’s place in the portrait of history . Critical Autonomy Autonomy represents a specific position that directs the people towards contrasting ideologies. “The task of architecture has nothing to do with solving ideological or social conflicts… instead it highlights the differences between the ideological representations”

Neoliberal Autonomy The translation of neoliberal autonomy in a project may lead to a separation form the current rationales in the creation of space. Technological Autonomy In connecting Autonomy to the revolution of technology and computers, Kaminer explains that this autonomy is driven by the utilization of creative programming of portrayal instead of advancements of acknowledgment.

SUSTAINABILITY VS AUTONOMY ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

Self-sufficiency cycle Energy conversion and form • Energy and work • Correspondence between inputs and output • Treatment methods Building support system Feasibility assessment

Green Energy • Wind power • Hydro-power • Solar power • Fusion • Biomass Energy Vision and goals Selection Factors Feasibility Assessment

AUTONOMOUS ENVIRONMENT -Passive Design Principles -Active Equipment

AUTONOMOUS BUILDING

Fig. 1 Autonomy and sustainability

Chapter 1: Autonomy

ENERGY APPLICATION

1.1.0 TIMELINE OF AUTONOMY This timeline shows the phases that autonomy went through in order to reach its current state. Before autonomy was interpreted in architecture, in 1724 Philosopher Kant spoke about his theory Kantian Autonomy. He mentioned that a person is only autonomous if his actions are unaffected by external factors. In 1859, John Stuart the philosopher mentioned in his book ‘On Liberty” that: “over himself, over his own body and mind the individual sovereign”. During this age of Enlightenment philosophers were fighting for the freedom of Man. Emill Kaufmann thus interpreted this philosophical theory architecturally and Ledeux laid the foundations and passed the idea to multiple generations.

Chapter 1: Autonomy

Aswan Science Centre

Aldo Rossi: Autonomy refers to notions of separation, resistance, opposition, and confrontation. Nowadays, in the modern age, one of the most important pioneers of Autonomy & modern Architecture is Peter Eisenman. Peter said: “Client be damned, architecture for the sake of architecture.” BAROQUE NEOCLASSICISM MODERNISM ARCHITECTURE OF ISOLATION

1.2.0 AUTONOMOUS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

Aswan Science Centre

Architecture has many autonomous fields. Autonomy could be in architecture-as-service, in architecture-as-art, or in architecture-as-science. Each type has its own autonomous approach and building technologies. Autonomy in architecture-as-service is when the architect focuses and designs according to the clients/users needs and desires with no freedom for the architect. TYPE 1 ARCHITECTURE-AS-ART In architecture-as-art, autonomy is focused on the artist’s individual freedom of expression. This type of building technology focuses on artistic autonomy. It allows architecture to be more experimental and conceptual. It doesn’t look at architecture like a service for the users needs but more on the freedom of the architect’s desires for art and beauty. BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAKE A BUILDING AUTONOMOUS: The architect’s artistic freedom can be expressed autonomously by designing a facade with no constrain from the surrounding context or the clients needs, using a structure to shape the building freely and artistically, experimenting new ways to use and take advantage of the buildings different structures. Another way to express autonomy in this type is by designing a form in any way the architect wants with no constraints on what a building should be shaped like, using any material freely for the building, having an individual operating system for the building to run on alone without the surrounding buildings, and finally the building can have a function that is autonomous. EXAMPLES To see how these elements are applied here are two examples. In figure 2, The Royal Ontario Museum architects are Daniel Libeskind, Frank Darling, and John A. Pearson. The Royal Ontario Museum clearly shows the architect’s freedom of expression, that the architect discarded the architectural style and form of the place and just expressed his own way of architectural style. They used different materials, structure, facade and form than the traditional style of the context which makes this building an autonomous building. In figure 3, The urban village project by EFFEKI Architects just stands out. That is what autonomy means as an art to be free to express with no constrains. The project is autonomous because of the unique autonomous elements used such as the materials, facade Fig. 2 Elements we can apply to autonomy. and structure.

Fig. 3 Royal Ontario Museum.

Chapter 1: Autonomy

Fig. 4 The urban village project by EFFEKT Architects.

1.2.1 AUTONOMOUS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

Aswan Science Centre

TYPE 2 ARCHITECTURE-AS-SCIENCE In Architecture-as-science, it expresses an academic freedom/autonomy to architecture. Architecture now can be identified as an applied science. Science and technology are growing each with new research. Scientists still dig deep into inventing new ways to improve a building using science and technology to make it more energy efficient and sustainable. A building that is independent, providing everything the building needs for itself like electricity and water system. Separate system than the rest of the surrounding buildings. Science is just another direction for architecture. BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAKE A BUILDING AUTONOMOUS: The science and technology used are what makes the building autonomous. The building that has its own: 1- Passive solar techniques. 2- Alternative toilet and sewage systems. 3- Thermal massing designs. 4- Power efficiency . 5- Efficient windowing.

EXAMPLE The Autonomous house, in figure 4, is a house in Australia with NO BILLS, It has its: • • • •

Own electricity Own water Own waste deal Separate energy source for the building’s consumptions.

This is an example that proves that a building can be autonomous by being able to run itself. This house provides for its own electricity by the solar panels on the roof, its own water with its own pipes and its own waste deal.

Fig. 5 An autonomous house.

Chapter 1: Autonomy

1.3.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

ROAD TO AUTONOMY IN ARCHITECTURE Thinking Without Constraints Autonomy is clearly a topic under the umbrella of freedom so thinking without constraints is a key to achieve autonomy. It also involves thinking differently and outside the box. Researching more into Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM)in order to achieve new strategies Researching more into science, technology, engineering and mathematics will help come up with new ideas and new strategies to overcome the difficulties that face architects in everything including design , structure and ` strategies. Expansion of the artistic limitations Negative views are not that of a problem in the site, they are not disturbing as well they are located mainly on the west side and its the view of Aswan desert housing a bunch of electricity towers.

THE RESEARCHERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS AUTONOMY

APPROACH TOWARDS AUTONOMY

•

Autonomy and freedom cannot be split.

•

It is not about rebellion, but more about Freedom.

•

Culture should not only be served but should be exceeded.

For the building should be artistic enough in order to be an attraction spot for scientific tourism in order for them to be interested in visiting the project and attending seminars.

•

Autonomy is the feature that separates an architect from an Interpreter.

•

An architect’s point of view is formed by expressing it, not translating it.

•

The origin of a thing is not allowed to restrict it’s Essence.

•

My freedom does not negatively impact intellectuals or their environment.

•

ARTISTIC APPROACH

TECHNOLOGICAL

For the building includes a research center that uses multiple new technological methods allowing the building to be totally automated as well as researches variable new technological methods. •

SOCIOCULTURAL

For the building will have training and educational spaces for the society.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES The explained autonomous building technologies in the chapter are the guide to achieving an autonomous building. Either the building can be autonomous by the artist’s freedom of expression with the building elements or it can be autonomous by being a self-sufficient building.

Chapter 1: Autonomy

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 2 PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed project was chosen according to autonomy. The proposed project is a science centre. A science centre is a combination of a research centre and interactive exhibits. Science centres are modern and new, they are still being introduced to some countries. This is the time to start introducing this type of project to Egypt. Egypt’s historical value and resources are enough reason to have a science centre. Science centres help innovate, develop and educate. Chapter 1: Autonomy

2.0.0 MISSION AND OBJECTIVES

Aswan Science Centre

Project Statement The proposed project is a Science Center. This project will help Aswan be the most renowned for it’s Educational and scientific value in Egypt by mixing science and learning with entertainment to enlighten people and get rid of people’s fear of learning. The project will also be an important landmark for researchers and scholars to learn and research new technology.

Project Mission This project aims to represent the evolution of science and technology in Egypt specially Aswan and to popularize science and technology among common people. It is also important for The project to be autonomous to allow Aswan to be the biggest source of science and technology in locally and internationally.

Project Objectives: The following points explains the project’s objectives for some of the most important zones.

Exhibition Halls Globalization

Holding conferences to spread awareness about technological advances in Egypt.

Retaining Identity

Create motivations for the local scientists and researchers to participate in local scientific conferences.

Autonomy

Teach people the importance of autonomy, it’s different interpretations and way of applying it to our life.

Science Park Recreational activity

Encouraging people to know more about science in a fun way

Chapter 2: Proposed Project

Research Zone Technology

Raise awareness of how to keep up with technological advances.

Research investment

Research will be done in multiple various scientific fields.

Landmark

It will be an attraction to trigger people to visit the project

Research investment

Help in opening up multiple researches in a variety of scientific fields.

Autonomy

Research about new ways to achieve scientific and technological advances

2.1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE CENTRES

Aswan Science Centre

WHAT MAKES A SCIENCE CENTRE AN AUTONOMOUS CHOICE? The science centre will achieve autonomy through the idea of having the first ever science centre in Egypt. This is finally the way to show the world the science and technology that Egypt has to offer. This project could put Egypt on the map. The science centre’s exhibition halls will spread technological advances in Egypt globally, help motivate future scientists and introduce the meaning and importance of autonomy. The science centre’s research zone will help explore different fields of research for Egypt, will be a landmark seeing as there is no other similar project like it in Egypt, and research new ways of autonomy. Fig. 6 Kolkata science city, India There are three types of chosen autonomy approaches to be applied on the science centre. The artistic approach, the technological and the sociocultural. The three types will be elaborated as follows. ARTISTIC APPROACH This type of approach will rely mainly on the aesthetics and design of the project. The freedom of architectural design, the facade, the form, interiors, landscape, materials, colors, structure and style to attract visitors. Anything that is under the umbrella of art in the building is considered an artistic approach. TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH This type of approach will be linked with the technology and the smart techniques that will be applied in the project. New techniques will be applied to the buildings in various fields such as, new structure systems, smart HVAC systems, efficient windowing and daylighting and sewage systems. SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH This type of approach is related to the society and the culture. The type of science in the science centre is related to the Aswan culture. The science centre will be for the society with training and education spaces.

PROJECT TARGET GROUP GENERAL PUBLIC SECTION Its the part available for tourists and locals. It will contain a science park, an auditorium and exhibitions. SCIENTISTS SECTION This part will be private for scientists and researchers and will contain labs, lecture halls, a research center, offices and meeting rooms.

Fig. 7 Target Group Diagram

Chapter 2: Proposed Project

2.2.0 SCIENCE CENTRES

Aswan Science Centre

WHAT IS A SCIENCE CENTRE? AND WHY DO THEY EXIST? A science centre is a place where science is done or exhibited, either professionally or educationally. A science centre could be an educational institution, a science museum, a research centre and an innovation and development centre. They exist for the purposes of researching, educating or developing. A science centre is for discovering, either you research and discover something new to man or you are educated to learn something new for yourself. A science centre is a space where scientists can research a specific topic, develop valuable theories and innovative solutions and also can be a space for education using new effective methods to teach in a fun and interesting Fig. 8 Planetarium science centre, Alexandria, Egypt. way. A science centre could include either science, technology, mathematics and engineering. The way to teach in a science centre is to use interactive displays, events and activities and a new method has been available this century by using social media, wed-base education programs and remote teaching and learning techniques. People learn more from a science center than from any other educational system. A science centre could be a place to learn and share ideas. WHY IS A SCIENCE CENTRE IMPORTANT? Science centres are for learning and discovering. Why should the scientists research and discover without showing and teaching the public what is it they research and what makes it important and interesting? Science centres are just an upgrade of research centres. They are research centres plus educational facilities of interactive exhibits. The importance of a science centre is to promote public understanding of science and public appreciation of science. HISTORY OF SCIENCE CENTRES The idea of a science centre first began from the English philosopher, Francis Bacon (1561-1626). He stated that experiments were the way to discover new things about the world. So, he suggested creating a museum for discoveries. The first idea of a science centre was Le conservatoire national des arts et metiers in Paris 1794, after that the science centre Urania in Berlin 1888 was built.

Fig. 9 Urania in Berlin 1888

Fig. 10 le conservatoire national des arts et metiers in paris 1794

After the soviet union became first in space, the world thought they needed science centres to continue to do the unimaginable. So,the ideas of Francis Bacon were revived during the 1960s, to increase the understanding and interest of the public in science and technology and help engineers and scientist in a successful development. Chapter 2: Proposed Project

2.2.1 SCIENCE CENTRES

Aswan Science Centre

SCIENCE CENTRES VS SCIENCE MUSEUMS Science museums and science centres differ throughout history and have different causes. A Science Museum is a place where visitors are shown the discovered science in showcases with no goal to educate but to just raise awareness. A Science Centre is a place that is about creating an interest in scientific learning and research amongst its visitors. Science centres use interactive exhibits to reach their aim. Hopefully in the end creating an environment in which they leave wanting to pursue a career in science or education.

Fig. 11 London Science Museum

Fig. 12 The Child Museum

Fig. 13 Exploratorium in San Francisco, 1969

Science centres at first aimed to show specific applications of science, but now science centres are focused on more theoretical scientific basis. One of the first science centres devoted to portray scientific principles through interactive exhibits was the 1969 opening of the Exploratorium in San Francisco. Beginning from the Exploratorium, the traditional science museums that focused on collections, research, and legitimate data started to change their exhibitions to strengthen communication with their visitors and became a science centre. McManus (1992) described “the traditional science museums as ‘the first generation’ museums, museums of science and industry as the ‘second generation’ museums and science centres as the ‘third generation’ museums”. The science centres had exhibits built on ideas rather than the science museums which are exhibits based around objects. However, Bradburne (1998) suggests that the history of science museums should be seen as changes in the history of ideas of science. Third generation museums, the science centres, will be focused on receiving science in an active way, not a passive way. WHY INTERACTIVE EXHIBITS? Interactivity is part of the core of any science centre. The importance of interactivity is to give the users the opportunity to experience the creation and process for themselves. It is known the best way to learn is by doing, it is more memorable. These interactive exhibits are important because they take after the real thing, they createFig. 14 Teknikens Hus interactive exhibits. a chance for the visitor to connect mentally with the science in the exhibits. Instead of just watching a display and learning nothing about how it was created, interactive exhibits help with the experience and make it more fun. They help show how this technology or science works. Going through a process by hand is how learning should be. WHAT IS A RESEARCH CENTRE? A research centre is a place that has the sole purpose to research a variety of fields. Research centres may be in basic research or in applied research. A research centre is generally for digging dipper into a specific topic and discovering something new. An example of research centre is KAPSARC (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre) in Saudi Arabia. The building is a complex of different types of buildings, for both public and private use. The building was awarded the LEED platinum. There are collective zones between floors in public areas for researches to meet casually and exchange ideas.

Chapter 2: Proposed Project

2.3.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

PART 1: SCIENCE CENTRE In conclusion, the proposed project is a science centre for research and educational purposes. The science centre will be based on a specific topic from either science, technology, mathematics or engineering with its researches and theme. Chosen project is Science centre as: • • • •

to Create an “ Edutainement” environment that attracts people towards science in a new fun way. It is modern and new. To introduce such projects to Egypt as Egypt has the required resaurces to such projects. It will raise awareness towards existing science researches done in Egypt since ancient egyptian times till this day.

PART 2: TARGET GROUP The target group of the project is the general public for the public areas of the project such as the science park and exhibits and the scientists for the private area with the research labs.

PART 3: AUTONOMOY IN SCIENCE CENTRES The Science Centre’s vision and objectives can be achieved through autonomous approaches, such as technological, sociocultural and artistic approaches that has been chosen previously, as the nature of the project is futuristic as well as energy sufficient and self-achieving. There are three types of chosen autonomy approaches to be applied on the science centre: ARTISTIC APPROACH This type of approach will rely mainly on the aesthetics and design of the project. The freedom of architectural design, the facade, the form, interiors, landscape, materials, colors, structure and style to attract visitors. Anything that is under the umbrella of art in the building is considered an artistic approach. TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH This type of approach will be linked with the technology and the smart techniques that will be applied in the project. New techniques will be applied to the buildings in various fields such as, new structure systems, smart HVAC systems, efficient windowing and daylighting and sewage systems. SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH This type of approach is related to the society and the culture. The type of science in the science centre is related to the Aswan culture. The science centre will be for the society with training and education spaces. Chapter 2: Proposed Project

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 3

LOCATION SELECTION

The location chosen for the science centre is Aswan, Egypt. Why Aswan? Aswan is known for its history and variety of resources. Aswan is famous the pharaonic architecture, the Nubian architecture, the rich plants and animals, the sun, the Nile, the desert, the building technologies and agriculture. Aswan is also being recognized as an education area in Egypt. It is the perfect location to introduce the new science centre in Egypt. What Makes Aswan An Autonomous Choice? Aswan is not known to have this type of project and not known to have contemporary architecture. Aswan is an autonomous choice because it would be a scientific landmark in the south, Discovery of different approaches of energy production in Aswan, Aswan will have a different touristic approach and it will achieve the bilbao effect. Aswan will be introduced to a new type of project, the science centre. The peacefulness of Aswan will help with thinking and researching.

3.0.0 LOCATION SELECTION CRITERIA

Aswan Science Centre

Choosing a location for this project was a very important issue since this project is most likely to make the location it’s built in an educational/scientific landmark. The following diagram explains the researcher’s criteria for selecting the location of the project on a regional scale and on the city scale.

Fig. 15 Location Criteria

Chosen Location

Two locations were chosen to achieve the criteria needed for the project to succeed which were Hurghada and Aswan. Hurghada met most of the site criteria for this project which were firstly it is a place with identity which for this site is the touristic background and it’s very rich marine life, the secondly it is a place that have a trigger for development that means that it has the capability to encourage development in the area, lastly it is a touristic city, it also has streets which helps with mobility and transportations. However, Aswan met the points mentioned above and more. The most important point was that Aswan is already a Scientifically developed city and it’s open for more development in this field. After researching to find the most suitable location for this project, it was very clear that Aswan took the first place therefore it was chosen to host the science center. The following map shows the locations that were nominated to host the science center and their pros.

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.1.0 ASWAN’S POTENTIALS

Aswan Science Centre

JUSTIFICATION ABUNDANCE OF RESOURCES o Mining Aswan has high levels of phosphate and iron ore deposits. o Water o Solar Power

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT here is a huge plan by Six private local and international companies to set up 11 solar powT er plants with a total capacity of 500 megawatts in Aswan which is expected to rank as the world’s largest solar project.It will be done through a participation from the International Finance Corporation and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, together with private companies in a mega solar energy project in Aswan, with a total investment of US$ 730 million.

HIGH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION Aswan has high agricultural production for it has vast areas of land, abundant resources of water, as well as low pest and disease levels which support agricultural production. It is also the leading producer of palm trees for it has 2 million trees. Aswan is the second leading producer in Egypt of sugarcane. Wood forests are also being cultivated to help out with the local furniture production industry which has been in constant growth in the last few years. Aswan is also expected to become the leading poultry producer in Egypt.

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM swan is rich with touristic attractions such as the Nubian Museum, the Unfinished ObeA lisk, the Aswan Botanical Gardens and Elephantine Island with its Nubian Village. Its west bank is well known for the Tomb of Nobles and the Mausoleum of Mohammed Shah Aga Khan. Around Aswan there is the infamous Philae Temple, which was built to honour the Goddess Isis, Abu Simbel Temple, Kalabsha Temple and the Aswan High Dam. In addition, the Old Cataract Hotel exists on its riverbank, which is a historic palace that once belonged to King Farouk and is now a five-star hotel. Direct contact with neighboring countries from the south and good connectivity with the Red Sea coast. The governorate’s connection to a good road network and hubs and the presence of an outlet for foreign countries through the presence of two international airports (Aswan and Abu Simbel) Providing fertile lands for agricultural reclamation.

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.1.1 ASWAN’S POTENTIALS

Aswan Science Centre

HISTORICAL VALUE Aswan is a city of great importance for many reasons one of which is that it is of great historical value. Although Aswan is the smallest of the three cities on the Nile, It is considered a central market. Aswan used to be a gateway for the Ancient Egyptians to Africa; and in the ancient times, it was a garrison town for military purposes against Nubia. Aswan has multiple ancient and historical buildings and spots that make Aswan an attraction to various tourists around the world and add to its historical value. Some of them are: o Philae Temple o Unfinished Obelisk o High Dam o Abu Simbel Temple o Nubian village o Edfu Temple o Kom Ombo Temple o Nubian Museum o Fatimid Cemetery o Ferial Garden o Other hidden attractions

ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY Aswan has its own distinctive environmental Vernacular style that differs it from all the other cities. The unique Egyptian environmental, social and cultural aspects and economic values result in the Vernacular Nubian Architecture. These traditional architectural features were the reason for creating new vocabulary of architecture when there was development of industrial and technological building materials.

UNESCO LEARNING CITY Aswan has over twenty schools that follow the UN SDG rules, it was ranked as one of the ten winners of the 2019 UNESCO Learning City Award. The UNESCO Learning town Award aims at recognizing and displaying cities’ sensible practices in introducing quality education and providing long learning opportunities for all voters at the native level.

RICH CULTURE Aswan is of rich culture for the Nubians have been settled there for so long and they still follow their traditions and customs

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.2.0 FLORA AND FAUNA IN ASWAN

Aswan Science Centre

Studying the Flora and Fauna in Aswan will help the researchers develop their concepts according to the context of Aswan and the Natural Life there. The following diagrams show the classifications of the Flora and Fauna in Aswan.

FAUNA

Nineteen species of benthic fauna belonging to Oligochaeta (3 species), Chironomida (7 species), Mollusca (7 species), Hirudinea (1 species) and Decapoda (1 species) were identified from Aswan Reservoir. o Donkeys, Camels, Royal Scarab, Foxes, Desert Lynx, Weasels, Egyptian Wild Cat, Nubian Ibex, Arabian Leopard, Striped Hyena, Gazelle, Hare, Hyrax, Long-eared bats (1).

Chapter 3: Location Selection

FLORA

Tamarisk, Acacia, Eucalyptus, Mimosa, Jacaranda, Cypress, Sycamore, Samwa, and royal and sabal palm tree (2).

3.3.0 SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

ORIGINS AND AFFINITY BLOCK Nubians are an ethno-lingustic group who are currently present in the regions Northern Sodan and Southern Egypt. They originate from the central Nile Valley. They speak the Nubian language. Arabic was learned by Nubian men that travel for work and was increasingly learned by women who had access to schools and media. In 1973, during the Arab-Israeli war, Egypt needed codetalkers so they employed Nubian people. Affinity block : Arab World People Group : Sa’īdīs People Sub Group : Population : 1,532,400 Total Labor Force : 473,400 Working Labor Force : 359,400 Unemployed : 114,000 Avg Family Income : 49,398 EGP

LANGUAGE Their language is defined as a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the people of southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The number of its speakers is about one million people. The Nubian language is divided into two parts among its people: the Nuba dialect of the treasures, and the Nuba dialect of Fidika.

RELIGIOUS STATUS Islam : Sunni- 100 % They are Sunni Muslims and they have Islamic schools and an Islamic college.

PHYSICAL FEATURES o o o

medium to dark brown skin color. dark brown eyes. wavy hair.

COMMON TRAITS Active - Adaptable - Cultured - Colorful - Cooperative - Relegious Educated - Ethic- Generous - Flexible - Humble - Effecient - Energetic.

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.4.0 ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

OLD NUBIAN DWELLING ELEMENTS 1- The Entrance gate “bawaba” : 1.2 by 2.4 m 2- Windows on both sides 3-Entrance transition area. 4- Mandara: the guest room. Located directly near the entrance and opens onto the courtyard. 5- Courtyard. 6- More than two bedrooms. 7- Kitchen: consists of two rooms; roofed with a dome and an open vent on top for natural ventilation. 8- Storage Room.

Fig. 17 credit

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Mud-bricks Materials are a mixture of mud and gravel.

DIMENSIONS

Wall thickness is 500 mm. That is how it maintains room temperatures to keep cool. According to this equation: Q = ( /w) · A · (T1 − T2)

OPENINGS

Its width is narrow at the elevation, to provide privacy and decrease the surface areas exposed to heat and Sun glare. Also, to have natural ventilation they added the triangular slots on top of the Openings and in the parapets and Vaults, it also and decrease heat on the roof of the Nubian buildings.

ROOF

Fig. 18 credit

to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Fig. 19 credit

to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020S111001681600

The rooms are covered with timber and vaults are made of earth bricks and mortar

Fig. 16 credit

to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020 Chapter 3: Location Selection

Fig. 20 credit

to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020 16

3.4.1 ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

ANALYSIS OF NUBIAN HOUSES 3 3 5

3 2

5 Fig. 21 examples of

Nubian Houses and Buildings.

Fig. 22 examples of

Nubian Houses and Buildings.

1- Entrance doors 2- Windows 3- Small openings for ventilation and natural lighting. 4- Vaults / domes above certain spaces especially kitchens to allow better air motion. 5- Use of mud-brick as a main building material. 6- Courtyards

ROLE OF MASTABA IN NUBIAN HOUSES The Mastaba is a traditional piece of furniture in the Nubian culture. It’s a cube-like element which is usually placed on the main façade of a house. It works as a simple bench attached to the house and linked to the household. Yasser Mahgoub, professor of architecture, states that virtually all Nubian households made some kind of adjustment to their original houses constructed after the resettlement in the 1900s.

Fig. 23 Integration of

Mastabas into Nubian Houses.

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.5.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

Part 1: Aswan’s Potentials Aswan was chosen for various reasons, such as: 1- Aswan has an abundance of resources varying from: water, vegetation as well as rocks. 2- There is a future development plan for its infrastructure. 3- It has high agricultural production. 4- It is of rich culture and of important historical value. 5- It has a chance in international tourism due to the multiple attraction spots in it. 6- It has a unique vernacular architectural style. 7- It is ranked a UNESCO learning city for it has over 24 schools following the UN SDGs.

Part 2: Analysis The following points to conclude the researchers’ analysis of Aswan throughout the entire chapter: 1- Flora and Fauna in Aswan: studying the Flora and Fauna in Aswan will help the researchers develop their concepts according to the context of Aswan and the Natural Life there. Aswan has nineteen species of benthic fauna. 2- Social Analysis: Aswanians have love for their family and home. They also have a sense of belonging to a certain environment and to their city Aswan. 3- Architectural Analysis: Aswan’s architecture is unique and differs it from other cities in Egypt. The locals build using certain local materials and they use unique paint colors and patterns for decorations. They also use a unique architectural feature called a mastaba which differs their homes from other homes.

Chapter 3: Location Selection

3.5.1 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

Part 3: Autonomy is Aswan 1- South Scientific Landmark The goal is to create a south scientific landmark opposing the idea that scientific centers are mainly in the north of Egypt. So, creating a complex that competes with the North scientific centers that is capable lighting up the area in the south (Aswan). 2- Different Approach In Energy Usage The unique way in producing energy in Aswan made it clearly different than any city in Egypt in terms of energy production. Aswan relies on many renewable sources of energy that maintains sustainability and resilience. 3- Different Touristic Approach Aswan is known mainly for its ancient Pharoanic and Nubian tourism. The tourism relies only on these fields so by creating this scientific landmark it will add a touristic value but in a different way. A new source of tourism will evolve in an autonomous direction. 4- The Bilbao Effect The Science hub is meant to be a transformation, a crystal in the ancient lands that will shine bright to capture the attentions of every ideology. This Science hub will lighten up Aswan and give it new push towards the future. 5- Opposing The Usual Project Type The project type selected is nearly unavailable in Aswan. The Science hub project will be a motivation to future projects of the same type and will encourage upcoming projects to invest in Aswan in science field. 6- The Peaceful Environment In Aswan Aswan has a unique fresh environment that spreads peace along the city. The views and the calmness of the sorroundings makes it the best place for people to research and come up with brilliant innovative ideas.

Fig. 24 Autonomy in Aswan Diagram

Chapter 3: Location Selection

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 4 SITE SELECTION

This chapter explains the progress of the site selection by proposing three different sites chosen according to the site criteria, then choosing the suitable site from a comparative analysis of the three sites. The chosen site is then analyzed through urban and site analysis which then helps with the design process of the selected project. Chapter 1: Autonomy

4.0.0 ACCESSIBILITY

Aswan Science Centre

ROAD TO ASWAN A- BY CAR •Take Asyuit Desert - Cairo Rd to Geish Rd in Asyut Desert ( 345KM around 03Hr and 49Min ) •Take upper Egypt road, Red Sea and El Geesh - Souhag - Qena Rd to Al-Hurghada Qena/Qena - Safaga Rd/Route 60M in Qena Desert ( 217KM around 02Hr and 09Min ) •Follow Qena - Luxor Rd and Luxor - Aswan to Abu AR Rish Bahri ( 294KM around 04Hr and 02Min ) •Take Al Khatar - Aswan and Kornish Al Nile to El-Shaheed Abd El-Fattah Hassanein in Aswan ( 13.10KM around 00Hr and 19Min )

B- BY TRAIN •Esitmaited distance 871 KM Around 11Hr and 23Min

C- BY PLANE •Estimated distance 683 KM Around 1Hr and 20Min

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.1.0 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

Aswan Science Centre

The three proposed sites are chosen according to specific criteria of what the site should have. Then the site that will most fulfill the criteria will be the chosen site. There are 9 criteria for choosing the sites, views, visibility, availability of services, educational facilities, touristic area, accessibility, transportation, populated area and infrastructure. VIEWS The first criteria is to have positive views from the site for the researchers and the visitors. This project will not only be a private research centre but a public science centre and hopefully an Aswan landmark. VISIBILITY A positive trait is for the site to be visible from a far when accessing the site. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES Availability of services is important in any site. Services like mosques, hospitals for any emergency caused from the research, restaurants or cafes, hotels, places that provide materials for the workers, or supermarkets. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Nearness of universities is a major factor for the site selection. The project has an educational function. The science centre will host seminars, lectures and conferences for the students every once in a while. TOURISTIC AREA One of the goals of the science centre is to be a Scientific landmark, to attract tourists in Aswan to the science centre and learn more about Aswan’s resources, rather than only visiting Aswan for the pharaonic monuments. The science centre is a place for learning in a fun new way. Touristic areas usually have the most hotels in Aswan. ACCESSIBILITY Another major factor is having a site that is easily accessible from more than one road. A place that doesn’t have crowded streets, but clean and not damaged streets. TRANSPORTATION Easy transportation means to and from the site. It would be beneficial for the site be reached by all transportation means like cars and buses. Available and easy transportation to and from the airport could be beneficial for the visitors. POPULATED AREA The site should be near houses for the scientists and workers, to make it easy for them to be near the centre. It is also beneficial to have hotels nearby for any visiting students and scientists. INFRASTRUCTURE A good infrastructure is a major component.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.2.0 PROPOSED SITES

Aswan Science Centre

Each site was carefully selected according to the site criteria. The three sites were then studied, researched and compared to chose the final site that was suitable with the project. The three sites have similarities and differences.

Fig. 25 Map of Aswan with 3 proposed sites.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.3.0 LANDMARKS NEAR THE PROPOSED SITES

Aswan Science Centre

The following map shows the three sites and their surroundings. The proximity of the landmarks to the chosen sites will affect the project’s nature, design, as well as the concepts of the researcher’s.

Fig. 26 Aswan Landmarks Map.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.4.0 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE CHOSEN SITE

Aswan Science Centre

The following map shows the swot analysis of the chosen site, site 2, showing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the site. From this analysis, the design of the project is determined.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.4.1 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE CHOSEN SITE

Aswan Science Centre

1- The site has a positive view of the Nile River.

1- Not advanced infrastructure.

2- It is near many important Aswan landmarks, such as Nile museum, philae temple, philae garden and Aswan reservoir. The Aswan Reservoir stores water and prevents floods.

2-The streets and surroundings are not clean. The streets are in bad condition.

3- Easily accessible by the 3 main roads, sadat street, nagaa karor and luxor-aswan street.

3- No specific architectural styles for the surrounding buildings.

4- Educational facilities are avaible, such as AAST University, shagaret al dor school, multi farma for medicine and Workers University. 5- Mostly hotels and residential houses for workers. 6- Many services are nearby such as mosques and supermarkets. The nearest hospital is 4 min away. 7- Visible from the 3 main roads surrounding the site. 8- Easy transportation means, nearest metro station is 25 mins away. 9- The land can be built on with permission from the army. 10- Surrounding buildings are of good and medium condition, better than the old city of Aswan. 11- No noise, the place is peaceful. 12- The water is very clean. 13- The air is clear and clean with no clouds. Good advantage for the observation tower.

SW O T

1- The site is beside the Nile museum, we can integrate the nile museum with the project. 2- Opportunity for an autonomous science centre project with the traditional aswan architectural style and the ancient Egyptian monuments.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

1- Extremely hot weather even in the winter, from 9am. 2- It’s near the nile and the low dam which makes its position critical.

4.5.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

Comparative analysis between the three proposed sites, from this analysis the site that is most suitable for the project and fit the site criteria. SITE CRITERIA

SITE 1

SITE 2

SITE 3

1- VIEWS

2- VISIBILTY 3- AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES 4- EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

5- TOURISTIC AREA 6- ACCESSIBILITY

7- TRANSPORTATION 8- POPULATED AREA 9- INFRASTRUCTURE

KEY High Medium Low Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.5.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

IN CONCLUSION Site 2 was the chosen site because it fit the site criteria. The site was in a populated area with local houses and hotels with tourists. It is in an educational area, near the Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport and the Workers university and public schools. The site is also in a touristic spot near the Nile museum, Aswan low dam and many more important Aswan landmarks. It is near many services like mosques, supermarkets and a hospital. The site was easily accessible form all directions with easy transportation means to and from the site. The site is visible form a far and has a low risk of flooding because of the high contour levels. It is near the most famous research centre in Aswan, Magdi Yacoub research centre, only 18 minutes away. The site has positive views of the Nile river, Nile museum, philae temple and Aswan low dam. The air is clean and clear which is good for the observatory tower. Site 2 suited the criteria more than site 1 and 3, it was best suited for the design and purpose of the project, and its location is perfect for the target group to reach, the general public and the scientists.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.0 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

ACCESSIBILITY TO CHOSEN SITE

Fig. 27 Accessibility Diagram

FROM THE NORTH When coming from the north, the fastest way is Al Sadat rd. which stretches for about 4.5 km from the site to kornish Al Nile.

FROM THE EAST When coming from the east, the fastest way is Nagaa Al Korour rd. which stretches for about 4.2 km from the site to Al Sad Al Aali rd. and Halayeb rd.

FROM THE WEST When coming from the wesr, the fastest way is Luxor Aswan rd. which stretches for 2.0 km from the site. It connects the east side with the west. The west side comes from Abu Simbel rd. Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.1 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Fig. 28 Climate Analysis

Radiation: • Starting from March and increasing Massively until July and then decreases gradually. • Radiant barriers (shiny foil) will help in reducing heat gain coming through the roof in hot climates. Temperature: • Highest on July and August (45°C ) • Lowest on January (5 °C) • Use passive techniques to: 1) reduces heat gain in summer. 2) maintain heat in winter. Dewpoint (Fog): • Highest on August, October and November 8 °C • Lowest on March and April • Won’t affect designing much.

Wind Direction: • Directed at 350° from North. • Therefore, for maximum wind gain, orient windows and openings to the North.

Wind Speed: • Highest from April-December • Use different opening at different heights for cross ventilation

Ground Temperature: • Highest on October • Use stack effect to humidify the project in summer, using fountains and misters.

Humidity: • Highest on December: 60% • Lowest on April: 15% • Humidify hot dry air before entering the building by using fountains, misters, etc Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.2 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

BUILDING USE

KEY

Fig. 29 Building Use

DESCRIPTION

CHART

Most of the buildings present near the site are residential buildings with low services. second most present building type are educational such as Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport and a primary school .

Fig. 30 Building Use Chart

Chapter 4: Site Selection

Aswan Science Centre

4.6.3 URBAN ANALYSIS BUILDING HEIGHTS

KEY

Fig. 31 Building Heights

CHART

DESCRIPTION Most of the buildings are 4-5 floors.

Second

most

present

height is 1-2 floors. Buildings with 3 floors height are usually educational, there are also some high rise buildings that are usually of 7 floors.

Fig. 32 Building Heights Chart

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.4 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

BUILDING CONDITION

KEY

Fig. 33 Building Condition

CHART DESCRIPTION Most of the buildings are old and in bad condition, some of them are deteriorated. the building condition starts to get moderately better gradually the closer it is to the city.

Fig. 34 Building Condition Chart

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.5 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

SOLID AND VOID

Fig. 35 Solid And Void

The percentage of solid is very almost equal the percentage of the void near the chosen site. Some of the areas surrounding the site are desert lands. VEGETATION

Fig. 36 Vegetation

The percentage of Vegetation is almost little around the site because the land is mostly desert and mountains. There is greenery around the islands and on the edge of the Nile. Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.6 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

URBAN FABRIC

Fig. 37 Urban Fabric Diagram

The old urban fabric is planned in an irregular way. In other words it is not planned, it was formed by the people themselves. This type of urban fabric could be seen in Nagaa Al Korour, Gharb Souheil islan and many more areas where the nubians stick with their own type of planning and formation of alleys and narrow streets to keep their privacy and to form an enclosure around them to recognize their boundaries.

THE NEW URBAN FABRIC The old urban fabric is planned in an irregular way. In other words it is not planned, it was formed by the people themselves. This type of urban fabric could be seen in Nagaa Al Korour, Gharb Souheil islan and many more areas where the nubians stick with their own type of planning and formation of alleys and narrow streets to keep their privacy and to form an enclosure around them to recognize their boundaries.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.7 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

SENSORY FEATURES

Fig. 38 Sensory features Diagram

POSITIVE VIEWS

Positive views mostly lie on the east, south and partially the north side. It includes views of the mesmerizing crystal Nile along with some of the breath-taking stone formations, the low dam, the Nile museum and some of the majestic ancient Egyptian temples.

NEGATIVE VIEWS Negative views are not that of a problem in the site, they are not disturbing as well they are located mainly on the west side and its the view of Aswan desert.

NOISE Noise is coming mostly from two parts the distant west which is the boats from the Nile, the other is the east side and the noise comes from the cars passing on the Luxor Aswan Rd. Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.8 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

SURROUNDINGS

Fig. 39 Surroundings Diagram

1-Road gate 2-Amphitheatre 3-Rd. to site 4-Nile museum 5-Museum gate 6-Low dam 7-Bridge obserbatory 8-Luxor Aswan Rd. 9-Low dam reservoir 10-Marine barrier

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.6.9 URBAN ANALYSIS

Aswan Science Centre

TOPOGRAPHY The following map shows the contours of the chosen site. With the highest of 127 meters and the lowest of 117 meters.

Fig. 40 2D site topography map

Fig. 41 3D site topography map

The following figure shows the topography of the chosen site and its surroundings and helps the researchers grasp an image of the site and its environment.

Fig. 42 3D site topography map

Chapter 4: Site Selection

4.7.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

•

URBAN ANALYSIS DESIGN GUIDLINES The site has good value of education system near it starting with four schools (primary and secondary levels) and two academies and one university

•

Maxiumum wind comes from north, therefore, maximum openings should be oriented towards north with a 5% glazing for Daylighting. Highest temprature in summer is 45°C and lowest is 5°C .

There are three ways to access aswan 1. By car around 900 km with estimating time 10 Hr 00Mins 2. By train around 870km with estimating time 11Hr 30Mins 3. By plane around 680km With estimating time 1Hr 20Mins

The site contours slope start from ( 93 , 91 , 109 , 139 , 148 , 165 ,165 , 154 ) with minimum elevation 91 and maximum 165 meters

Residential buildings are the most prominent building type Educational building near the site are arab academy for science technology (AAST Academy) and maritime and a primary school Popular places near the site are the nile museum and al philae park

Valuable landmarks surrounding the site. -North-west & southwest areas has a mesmerizing views of the Nile and the low dam so it can be used for open areas. -East area has the Nile museum which could be linked with the project. -Main roads which ease the access to the project.

Building heights varies between 1 floor buildings to 5 floors buildings. There are very small amount of buildings of 7 floors height

The site has some natural perfect views on the west and south directions to benefit from. There are little noise coming from surrounding roads so it will not be a problem.

Most of the buildings are old and in need of renovations. The new buildings such as the nile museum and the AAST academy are in excellent condition.

The New urban fabric in Aswan is designed with order and clear roads and pathways. So the future in Aswan move towards clear and ordered grids rather than irregular ones. But the Nubian people are more linked with the irregular grid because it achieves privacy and mystery that Nubians want.

Chapter 4: Site Selection

The percentage of solid is almost equal to the percentage of the void near the chosen site.

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 5 DESIGN ISSUES

This chapter discusses the design issues most relevant to the nature of the project and how each one can be applied as well as examples from real life projects similar to the nature of the chosen project. Chapter 1: Autonomy

5.0.0 DESIGN ISSUES

Aswan Science Centre

A) IMAGE General Definition A general impression presented to the public.

Architectural Definition The certain message conveyed to the future users through the vision and mission set at the conceptual phasing of a project. Aswan has a unique and original identity which makes it valuable and makes people cherish it. Its natives want their traditions and their home preserved. They also want to be known all over the world. This is taken to be part of the mission of the project which will be achieved through the image the project will give to the users.

B) IDENTITY General Definition Certain characteristics and traits that define a person, place, or a thing.

Architectural definition Identity refers to being unique and the condition of being one and only not another having defining characteristics.

C) MESSAGE General Definition A way of communication that delivers information or news.

Architectural Definition A way to deliver a certain idea or feeling by the building to the user.

D) CIRCULATION General Definition Passing or transmission from individual to individual or here and there.

Architectural Definition In architecture it is the movement of the people in the building and the interaction between the people and the surrounding physical space. Circulation also refers to the approach to the entrance of the building. As Francis dk ching in architecture: form, space & order once said: “Circulation: movement through space”

Chapter 5: Design Issues

5.1.0 DESIGN ISSUES

Aswan Science Centre

E) SUSTAINABILITY General Definition The study of how natural systems function, remain diverse and produce everything it needs for the ecology to remain in balance.

Architectural Definition Architecture that tries to limit the negative ecological effect of structures by proficiency and balance in the utilization of materials, energy, improvement space and the biological system

F) FLEXABILITY General Definition The ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation

Architectural Definition Design flexibility Plan adaptability can permit a structure to develop after some time as the client needs change. The adaptability of a structure or components of its plan can permit it to be utilized productively in spite of changes in operational necessities; however, a rigid structure may get old.

G) HEALTH AND SAFETY General Definition

FIRE SAFETY

Occupational health and safety is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation.

No blockage by emergency exits Non combustible materials Non slippery floors Sprinklers

Architectural Definition Architects, by definition, should be worried about wellbeing and security. All things considered, any new or remodeled assembling must be planned in light of wellbeing and security. Regardless of whether it is ventilation, emergency exit courses or materials, wellbeing and security in every case should be well-thought of. Chapter 5: Design Issues

SAFETY SIGNS

5.2.0 DESIGN ISSUES

Aswan Science Centre

H) HUMAN COMFORT General Definition A state of mind, which provides satisfaction with the surrounding environment.

Architectural Definition Architectural Considerations used to give an environment that is comfortable for people to live in using the adequate techniques, calculations and materials. Types of Human Comfort 1- Thermal

2- Visual

3- Audible

1- Thermal Comfort Thermal comfort is the state of mind that provides satisfaction with the thermal environment •

Factors affecting Thermal Comfort

• • • • • •

Climate parameters Air temperature Relative Humidity Air velocity Metabolic Rate Clothing

Temperature comfort zone lies between 16oC and 24 oC 2- Visual Comfort Visual comfort is the state of mind that provides satisfaction with the tlevel of light in the room, balance of contrasts, colour temprature and presence or absence of glare. • 5 factors to apply Visual Comfort on

Glare

Tr e s p a s s i n g light

Natural light

Colour

Scale

3- Audible Comfort The human mind is satisfied by certain conditions and a certain range when it comes to acoustic factors. This range is between 20hz and 20,000hz. Chapter 5: Design Issues

5.4.0 DESIGN ISSUES

Aswan Science Centre

I) ACCESSIBILITY General Definition Refers to the ‘‘ Capacity’’ , and mean that all people have to access and inhabit a space regardless of their cognitive & physical capacities, and it is a subject that can not be dismissed Architectural Definition A. Project entrances must be well defined and visual from different perspectives B. Take into consideration, Project ‘’Target audience’’ How each one of them will access the project and interact with spaces, and the ways prepared for achieving the success of design concept.

Chapter 5: Design Issues

5.5.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

GUIDELINES FOR THE PROJECT The following table shows how the design issues will be solved in the project.

DESIGN ISSUE Image

Identity

SOLUTIONS The building’s form should convey its functions.

Building should define and reflect the ‘place identity’, create a sense of belonging and attachment, and contain unique characteristics reflecting itself.

Message

The building should deliver a certain idea or feeling to the visitors.

Circulation

To achieve proper circulation there are various studies first to be considered. Then with these studies the type of circulation to be used is determined

Sustainability

Building should try to limit the negative ecological effect of structures by proficiency and balance in the utilization of materials, energy, improvement space and the biological system.

Flexability

Flexibility in architecture is important for the building to be relevant and useful for the most amount of time which helps the building be resilient and sustainable which makes it autonomous.

Health and Safety

1- Fire exits should be well designed with the proper standards with non slippery floor material and no blockage at exit. 2- Proper ventillation systems either passive or active. 3- safe materials and structure system. 4- Healthy environment. 5- A proper security system.

Human Comfort Thermal Comfort Visual Comfort Audible Comfort

Accessibility Chapter 5: Design Issues

1- Using passive techniques and local materials with high thermal mass. 2- Using shading devices to prevent excessive light and use only 5% of glazing towards the north. 3- Good zoning, well designed plans and sections in order to distribute sound equally in lecture and research halls and hierarchy of streets as well as using Noise-barriers. Projects should designed with wider entrways and sufficient floor space to accommodate stationary wheelchairs. In addition, shelves and gallery cabinets are placed at a height that easily accessible by those seated in a wheelchair. 43

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 6 CASE STUDIES

Chapter 1: Autonomy

6.0.0 DIVISION TABLE

Aswan Science Centre

The following table shows the categories of the studied case studies, where they are located and whether they are autonomous or not.

NAME / TYPE

AUTONOMOUS

NATIONAL

REGIONAL

INTERNATIONAL

6.1 The Science City of Egypt 6.2 The Loop Science City in Egypt 6.3 Science City By Architects For Urbanity in Egypt 6.4 Martitime Research Centre in Dubai 6.5 Research & Cultural Centre in France 6.6 Taipas School in Portugal 6.7 Tonghua Science & Cultural Centre in China 6.8 Ahaa Science Centre in Estonia 6.9 Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Azerbaijan 6.10 Science & Technology Centre in China 6.11 Kolkata Science City in West Banghal 6.12 Forest City in Malaysia 6.13 Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics in USA Chapter 6: Case Studies

NA AU T T 6.1.0 THE SCIENCE CITY OF EGYPT I O ON PROJECT INFO NO A M Architects: MEKANO Studio Year: 2016 LO Location: The 6th of October City U Type: Complex Science Centre S

Aswan Science Centre

PROJECT AIM Sciences are always considered from different perspectives. This is the core value of innovations and discoveries from different visions to create a wide variety of scientific outcomes. So A variety of physical accesses to the city complex are developed to ensure high level of variety in experiencing the city and its elements to serve dealing with an expected number of 1 to 1.5 million visitors and further emphasizing and highlighting this core value

Fig. 43 Science City

CONCEPT & IDEA: This is clearly illustrated in the idea of entrances. Although one main entrance was designed to access the city, different secondary entrances were intertwined with-in the whole master plan to draw different scenarios for visitors of the science city This would highly also attract more visitors and encourage visitors to revisit the city as every time they come would experience it from a different perspective inspiring their curiosity, discovery and passion to learn about science and technology based on their way of interaction with the city complex

FORM & MASS INSPIRATION: The idea of creating a dynamic complex related to the idea of the gravity inspired from the movement of electrons and galaxies and old pharaonic solar clock

MOVEMNT OF ELECTRONS Fig. 44 Electron Movement

Chapter 6: Case Studies

MOVEMNT OFGALAXIES Fig. 45 Galaxy

Pharaonic Solar Clock Fig. 46 Solar Clock

INITIAL CONCEPTUAL MASS Fig. 47 Concepts

6.1.1 THE SCIENCE CITY OF EGYPT

Image

Aswan Science Centre

DESIGN ISSUES Image: the circular form create a dynamic image

that reflect the idea of the philosophical notion of time (the old pharaonic circular solar clock) and supported the image by the central observatory tower .

Health & Safety: 1) Nanotechnology was used in

the construction, which made the building environmentally friendly, and one of the characteristics of this technology is that the building is exposed to fire; The concrete walls supported by nanotechnology are very difficult to burn, and in the event of earthquakes, the walls work on the resistance of vibration due to their severity and stability. 2) Because the building is circular; Attention has been given to designing emergency exits to help visitors and workers escape from the building in emergency situations, so there are 16 emergency exits in addition to that normal exits could be used for emergency situations.

Health & Safety

Human Comfort

Human Comfort: 1) large inner court providing

natural lighting & cross ventilation for the main research centre zone and the inner court help the exhibitions parts. 2) Light shade provided to serve the outdoor areas. As oriented to the south direction, this shade is supported with photovoltaic cells as port of suitability approach to the complex.

Accessibility

Accessibility: the idea of entrances: main en-

trance was designed to access the science city, different secondary entrances were intertwined with-in the whole master plan to draw different scenarios for visitors of the science city. This would highly also attract more visitors and encourage visitors to revisit the city as every time they come would experience it from a different perspective inspiring their curiosity, discovery and passion to learn about science. Circulation

CONCLUSION Despite the availability of vertical circulation elements (stairs and elevators), the main movement within the project depends on ramps, to help the visitors move to different levels without feeling bored. Chapter 6: Case Studies

I A NU Aswan Science Centre T T 6.2.0 HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTRE EO RN PROJECT INFO PROJECT AIM NO Architects: Zaha Hadid, Patrick Schumacher. ‘The aim is for the centre to represent the nation’s A M Location: Baku, Azerbaijan. culture’. T O Year: 2012 I U Status: built. O S Type: Cultural centre. N A L

Fig. 48 Heydar aliyev cultural centre

CONCEPT The Heydar Aliyev Centre is inspired by the fluidity of the existing natural topography and by the different separate functions of the centre. All the centre’s functions are shown by a folded single continuous surface. Fig. 49 Heydar aliyev cultural centre sketch

AUTONOMOUS The Heydar Aliyev Centre is autonomous with its surroundings. The building’s form is different than the rest of the surrounding buildings and the entire country. It stands out on its own, which is the main definition of autonomy. The building’s freedom of expression is what makes the building so famous. Fig. 50 Heydar aliyev cultural centre

Chapter 6: Case Studies

6.2.1 HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTRE DESIGN ISSUES Image: The building was designed to be dominant, represent Azerbaijn and become a building like no other in the world.

Aswan Science Centre

Image

Health & safety: The emergency exits are the right amount for a project that size and are placed properly well apart. The building’s materials and environment are healthy. Health & Safety Accessibility: The plaza space in the entrance is very visible and bigger than the building itself. All through out the entrance there are steps in the plaza to reach the building, which means the building is high and visible from zero level. The form of the entrance facade is very unique, visible and known to be the entrance of the building. Accessibility Circulation: The vertical and horizontal circulation are well designed.

CONCLUSION

Circulation

The building properly solves the design issues mentioned above. The form of the building achieves the goal of the project to become a unique building.

Chapter 6: Case Studies

I N T E R N A T I O N A L

6.3.0 KOLKATA SCIENCE CITY PROJECT INFO

Project Overview Owner: National Council of Science Museum. Architect: Arch. Aftabudddin Ahmed Structural consultants Development Consultants Year of completion: 1991 Total land Area: 49.7 acres or 201136sqm Total built up area: 45000sqm Location: East Topsia, Kolkata, West Bengal

Aswan Science Centre

PROJECT AIM

‘Kolkata Science City was established to promote science and technology using interactive exhibits’.

Fig. 51 Kolkata science city, India.

PROGRAM • PUBLIC • •

Gate Complex Space Odyssey Hall and Dyna-motion

• SEMI PUBLIC • • • •

Convention Centre Main Auditorium Mini Auditorium Seminar Halls

• PRIVATE • •

Administrative Areas Service Areas

Chapter 6: Case Studies

Fig. 52 Convention Centre.

Fig. 53 Park.

Fig. 54 Exploration Hall. Fig. 56 Kolkata science city layout.

• Fig. 55 Space

Odyssey Hall and Dynamotion.

• •

A network of landscape and sandstone paved lanes connect the buildings with each other. The Secondary entrance leads to the gate of science city through a piazza and the other leads to the convention center. Parking is available to host 500 cars and 5 buses. 49

6.3.1 KOLKATA SCIENCE CITY

Aswan Science Centre

Circulation in Dynomotion

DESIGN ISSUES Circulation and zoning: A network of landscape and sandstone lanes connect the buildings with each other. Visual and thermal comfort: Lack of openings, most of buildings are blocks. which is good for thermal comfort but reduces daylight.

Visual and Thermal comfort

Image: Variety of shapes was chosen for different blocks, which makes no identity seen through the whole project.

Accessibility: The Secondary entrance leads to the gate of science city through a piazza and the other leads to the convention center. Flexibility: Too flexible as the buildings are scattered in an open land, connected with the landscape and is too large in scale.

Image

Health and safety: Good, as in the Dyna-motion hall there is both, normal fire exits and stairs as well as fire exit ramps. Audibility: Audible solutions are not clear in plan.

Accessibility

CONCLUSION • • • • •

Positive points: Direct relations between functions and outdoor. landscape plays a huge role in the project. Flexible and can have future plans. Designed with respect to hot climate

• •

Negative points: Poor integration between the functions, as well as the inside with the outside. Poor circulation Lacks of openings in the buildings. Audible solutions are not clear in plan.

• • •

Chapter 6: Case Studies

Flexibility

6.4.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

INITIAL PROGRAM The following points explain the initial program for the science center concluded from the previous case studies:

1-EXHIBITION HALLS AND SPACES

5-RESEARCH CENTER

• • • • •

• •

Orientation and Information Hall Collections Exhibitions Interactive Exhibition Temporary Exhibition High Definition Theatre

Collections Departments Research Shared Facilities

6-OBSERVATION TOWER

2-CONFERENCE CENTER

• •

7-ADMINISTRATION

Auditorium Lecture Halls

Facilities for Astronomy Landmark

3-PLANETARIUM

• • •

4-SCIENCE PARK

8-TECHNICAL AND SERVICE UNITS

•

• • • •

The park is a thematic recreational outdoor space, expressing Egypt’s .diverse landscape and natural life

Chapter 6: Case Studies

SC Head Department Finance and legal Department Information and Public Relations

Inventory Workshops Complementary Services Car Parking

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 7

PROPOSED PROGRAM OF THE PROJECT

This chapter includes the proposed zones and space program with estimated areas, according to the chosen project as well as functional relations and design standards and guidelines. Chapter 7: Proposed Program

7.0.1 INITIAL PROGRAM 7.0.0

Aswan Science Centre

The following schedule explains the initial program of the project concluded from previous case studies: ZONES

Information hall: • Reception • Clerkroom • Security • Services Collective Exhibition

USERS

10 4 2

----

AREAS

600m2 2X35m2 25m2 ----

120

2200m2

Exhibiton Facilities

800 m2

Auditorium

200-300

1200m2

Meeting Room

3X60m2

M.P.U

150

2X250m2

Interactive Exhibition

DESCRIPTION

Exhibitions for scientefic tools, arts, machinery and new inventions.

Temporary Exhibition

150

For Edutainment Reasons

Inventory

150

220m2

Workshops

4X175m2

Complementory Services

150m2

Labaratories

700m2

Lecture Halls

100

3x220m2

Research Library

225m2

V.R Rooms

4x64m2

Offices

200m2

110m2

SC Head Departement: • Accountant • HR Room • Manager • Meeting Room

4 4 1 10

35m2 35m2 20m2 3X60m2

Finance & Legal Departement

2X35m2

Information & PR: • Security • Services • Clinic • Offices

2 ---2 4

25m2 70m2 15m2 220m2

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

Halls for Scientefic Announcements and Seminars.

Spaces for Practical Educations

Spaces for Research and Documentory reasons.

For Astronomical purposes

This Sector is For Responsible for SC management of employees and operations. Also, it takes care of any governomental papers

7.1.0 DESIGN STANDARDS

Aswan Science Centre

The Following program standards are chosen functions that are specific for this type of projects:

1-PLANETARIUM Definition A theatre designed mainly for an edutainment purpose of presenting outer space elements such as planets, stars and constellations. Fig. 58 Bristol’s We the Curious 3D planetarium

Components 6 Components • Dome • Seats • Lighting • The Planetarium Projector • Console • Audio System

Fig. 59 Bristol’s We the Curious 3D planetarium

Dome •

•

A partial hemi-sphere dome used to project stars or other scenes. It’s an aluminum sheet that has millions of small holes that lets sound and air to flow within it. 6-8 feet height between audience’s head and edge of dome.

2 Types of Domes Horizontal • Edge of Dome is parallel to the ground • Best for Astronomical Education as it resembles the skies ad constellations as seen by everyday observers. • costs less to construct than the Tilted Dome. • Has greater seating capacity. • Safer (Trips and Falls incidents)

Fig. 57 Sapporo Science Center, courtesy of

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

Goto inc.

Fig. 60 a

viewer’s cone of vision angles vertically and horizontally, courtesy of Goto inc.

Tilted • Edge of Dome inclined to an angle with the ground. • Best for Edutainment purposes (to experience floating in space and stimulates the motion of stars) • Costs more than Horizontal Dome. • Has fewer seating capacity. • Good circulation (Entrances and Exits are on different levels) • Usually used in Science Centers to Force the user to flow from one exhibit to the other.

Fig. 61 Yokkaichi

Municipal Museum Planetarium, courtesy of Goto inc. 53

7.1.1 DESIGN STANDARDS Standard proposal for Horizontal Dome

Center Dual Mounted

6 Cove Mounted Fig. 62 Horizontal

Goto inc.

Dome Planetarium Theater, courtesy of

Aswan Science Centre

Standard proposal for Tilted Dome

Center Dual Mounted

6 Cove Mounted Fig. 63 Tilted Dome Planetarium Theater, courtesy of

Goto inc.

Seating • •

Seats must be Reclined whether in horizontal or tilted dome planetariums for a maximum view without any neck strains. Seat back ranges between 20-45 degrees depending on the angle of inclination of the dome.

The Planetarium Projector • •

The planetarium projector is placed in the exact center of the dome. A control console for the person playing the shows is placed at the back of the theatre.

Hybrid System • •

Fig. 64 Ideal seating layout, courtesy of

Goto inc.

Fig. 65 Sun, moon, and

planet projectors, courtesy of Goto inc.

Hybrids between subject such as: Astronomy, Geology, Meteorology, Biology, Oceangraphy and more. They can take the viewer anywhere in the universe if combined together. Fig. 66 Sun, moon, and planet projectors, courtesy of

Goto inc.

Conclusion • • •

Planetarium will not only show astronomical objects, but biological and chemical as well. its form is preferred to be visible when entering the project to. Tilted-dome planetariums are preferred in our project .(o Force the user to flow from one exhibit to the other.)

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

7.2 DESIGN STANDARDS

Aswan Science Centre

2-OBSERVATION TOWER Definition

A tower from where you can see or watch anything. Used in Science centers for astronomical purposes.

Components • • • • •

Toilets and Services platform for observing Vertical circulation (stairs and elevators) Entrance Toilets and Services

Design Considerations • • • •

Fig. 68 Circuit

of the Americas, Austin, TX Section, Courtesy of Miro Rivera Architects.

Best if it’s panoramic 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least 20 metres high Can be made with stone, iron, and wood. Deep footing to carry the heavy load.

Fig. 67 Construction

in the technical documentation, courtesy of Construction design of high-rise module for low-cost observation tower

Fig. 69 Circuit

of the Americas, Austin, TX Section, Courtesy of Miro Rivera Architects.

Conclusion • • •

Observation tower in the project is best to be put facing the Nile view, as it will give a panoramic view to Aswan’s skyline as well as it’s historical feature. It should be made the highest slope on the land in the South-East to have enough space for it’s deep footing. It shouldn’t be too high, to not block the view of the historical sites from buildings behind the site.

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

7.3.0 DESIGN STANDARDS

Aswan Science Centre

3-LABORATORIES Definition A space equipped specifically for researching and teaching scientific experiments.

Types

Fig. 70 Lab

axonometric, Boston, Massachusetts Northeastern University.

Wet Labs: • • •

For chemical and drugs tests and investigations. They require special plumbing for different chemical supplies . examples: Chemical labs and Bio-medical labs.

Dry Labs: • • •

• • • • •

Research labs need smaller labs with less equipments. Chemistry and Bio-medical labs use fixed benches Rooms must have required air circulation and filtration. Radiation labs need special labs safety equipments. All labs must have dust free filtering air technologies to prevent any dangerous substance from entering.

For Physical and Electrical materials. They require adequate temprature and humidity control, clean power and dust control examples: Physical labs and Engineering labs.

Fig. 71 Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of

Neufert.

Fig. 72 Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of

Neufert.

Minimum passage width between workstations

Lab Workstations: • • • • •

Genetic Engineering and micro-biological labs must be isolated for the sake of its safety. A grid (module) should be used in the placement of benches whether its movable or fixed. Fume cupboards also have a module system with dimesnions of 120,80,180cm. Normal bench dimensions are 120cmX80cm height. Benches are made of steel tubes and surface of stone panels with no joints

Fig. 73 Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of

Lab for teaching and practical Chapter 7: Proposed Program

Fig. 74 Lab

Neufert.

table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of Neufert. 56

7.3.1 DESIGN STANDARDS

Aswan Science Centre

Storage: • • • • • • • • •

The Chemical substances’ quantities stored within a laboratory should be minimized. Large quantities of chemicals ( larger than one gallon) should be stored in a different storing room. Chemical should be stored in a storage room where the temperature and humidity level is calculated to be appropriate enough. This can easily cause a problem in hot, humid countries. Also, chemicals should be avoiding heat sources such as steam pipes or even lab ovens when used. Chemicals must never be placed or stored in a direct sunlight position. Chemicals mustn’t be stored overnight on bench-tops. Because this makes them unprotected from exposure and participation in a fire accidents and is more capable to be knocked over. To prevent containers and chemicals from falling, shelves in lab should have a raised tip along the perimeters. Liquids chemicals and corrosive chemicals must never be placed on shelves above eye-level. Appropriate security must be provided so that unauthorized people can’t access to hazardous materials. Flammable materials can’t be stored in a normal refrigerator. Only explosion-proof specified refrigerators is used for storing these chemicals within laboratories environment.

Fig. 75 Scientists

at the biotechnology company Affymetrix in Santa Clara, California. Positions in the biotechnology sector are highly sought after.

Fig. 76 Lab

ideal zoning, courtesy of Neufert.Santa Clara, California. Positions in the biotechnology sector are highly sought after.

Conclusion • • • •

Labs should have an easy access from the entrance of the project and have a direct entrance from the outside, as most scientists will be headed over there directly without the need to go through the exhibitions or else, Labs will need security and safety insuring men to make sure no accidents happen. Non-Flammable materials will be used all over this area. Labs will be placed within the educational zone, facing the north and not the south to prevent over exceeding heat to enter the lab.

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

7.4.0 DESIGN STANDARDS

Aswan Science Centre

4-WORKSHOPS

Definition A space where technologies and physical proposals are manufactured or repaired.

Fig. 77 Workshop at ECPI university.

Design Criteria • • • •

Opening: Natural light is needed with good air circulation Organization: Working on a module based on the function of the workshop will maximize the efficiency and flexibility of the space. Surface: Tiles on concrete floor is advised. Exits: 2.8m wide door with required safety insulation. Should be Wide enough for bringing machines into the space.

Conclusion • • • • •

Should be placed at the hazardous zone along with the labaratories. Available safety and resilient techniques within the space. Construction should be done by non-flammable materials. large doors to bring machines within the workshop. Great power supply should be available for the machinery.

FIG 105 Workshop ideal arrangement, Courtesy of Neufert.

Fig. 78 Workshop stands dimensions, Courtesy of

Chapter 7: Proposed Program

Neufert. 58

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 8 SUSTAINABILITY

This chapter explains the three general pillars of sustainability. From these 3 pillars, it is then explained how sustainability is applied to the selected project itself. Chapter 1: Autonomy

8.0.0 SUSTAINABILITY’S IMPACT ON THE PROJECT

Aswan Science Centre

SOCIAL ASPECT The social aspect is an important pillar in pursuing sustainbility in our project as it is the aspect that affects the people’s wellbeing and health directly. o Segregation problems should be solved. o Locals comfort and health should be improved. o Environment creation should be pleased for interaction. o Workers’ productivity should be enhanced.

Fig. 79 Showing social sustainability factors.

ECONOMICAL ASPECT

Economic aspects are of great value in projects such as the science center. The science centre needs to work on the economic perspective through two measurements. The first is the project and how it uses efficient systems to stay economically efficient through all its phases from the beginning of the design phase till the implementation and functional phases. The second is the project will be an income generating facility for the locals themselves. The economical aspect works on: o Enhancing the productivity of the workers. o Reduction of operating costs. o Building a life cycle. o Increasing the value of the project.

Fig. 80 Showing economical sustainability factors.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT The project’s goal should already serve the environmental aspect and research into it. So the environmental aspect will have a great impact on the project. The project will aim at: o Reserving and restoring the natural resources. o Protecting the ecosystem o Reducing the emissions. o Conserving water. o Reducing waste. o Controlling the temperature.

Fig. 81 Showing environmental sustainability factors. Chapter 8: Sustainability

8.1.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION

Aswan Science Centre

AUTONOMY RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE

RESILIENCE

-Multiple Energy sources -Multiple Water Sources -Disaster Fortitude Design -Emphasis on passive systems -Reduced Environmental Effects -Flood Plain evaluation of building location

SUSTAINABILITY AUTONOMY -Energy Reduction Energy Independence -Renewable Energy ProducWater Independence tion Renewable Resources -Recycled Water Resource storage -Local Materials Environmental Effects -Communtiy responsibilty Community Support -Access to Transportation -Indoor environmental quality

From the researchers’ point of view Autonomy includes the common points between Resilience and Sustainability. -Energy Independence -Water Independence -Renewable Resources -Resource storage -Environmental Effects -Community Support

In conclusion, economy, environment and social sustainability are all 3 main important pillars in sustainability. If tourism and transportation developed in an ecological path that consumes less energy and uses resources that are already existing within the society of a rich culture, identity and adequate social interaction, it will result an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable society that will attract more tourism as well as preserve the nature and identity of the community we live in.

Chapter 8: Sustainability

Aswan Science Centre

CHAPTER 9 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Chapter 9: Individual Work

Aswan Science Centre

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Aswan Science Centre

AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL

ABSTRACT From the stand point Aswan is rich with history and culture , Most of its people suffer from low quality lifestyle , High rates of unemployment , and unused nature resources , that’s all can be used to make the revive of the new Modern technological Nubian life style.

Fig. 82 Aswan natural sources

(2010 by Per Storemyr)

Fig. 83 Aswan

culture (2012 by The Vibrant Nubian Lifestyle)

Fig. 84 Aswan

by viator)

History (2016

MISSION Our mission to make an icon of new generation of science center that can effect on the community to develop and grow their city with new technology and science by using autonomy approach.

OBJECTIVE 1- Using technology like parameters , engineering and geology to improve field productivity 2- Bringing back the Nubian culture by reviving the history of its Archaeology 3- Creating a science icon in Aswan to build a community with new generation mentality 4-Autonomy approach A-Technological Research center B-Social culture educational spaces and training spaces C-Artistic , Attraction spot for scientific tourism

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.1 INDIVIDUAL WORK AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL

Aswan Science Centre

C#1

CONCEPT 1: ICONIC The site is located Aswan between the two dams on Awaad Island, a very important and deeply rooted place, where the two most dominant participants are the nature and Philae temple. The project’s biggest challenge is to prove that dealing with traditional contexts doesn’t require historical mimicry. In addition such ancient contexts are not compatible with imported foreign design approaches that completely ignore the roots of the place and are mostly imported for their Factor. In this context, I connected every aspect designed with what has already been there.

INSPIRATION

REVIVE

Building Layers

One of the most feasible was the construction of a protective dam on the western side of the island. This would effectively cut off the island from the main flow of the river and, theoretically, let it rest in a lower-level lake of its own. Finally it was decided to dismantle the monuments and re-erect them on another, higher island, Agilkai, slightly to the northwest of Philae. After all this year we decided to revive the culture in another shape of technology and autosomes by deconstruction the design and feeding the project with the design elements.

STRUCTURE SYSTEM

The construction of a protective dam on the western side of the island was one of the most feasible. This will effectively cut the island off from the river’s main flow and, theoretically, let it rest in its own lower-level lake. Finally it was agreed to dismantle the monuments and re-erect them on another, higher island, Agilkai, slightly to the northwest of Philae. We decided to revive culture in a similar type of technology and autosomes after all this year by recreating the design and feeding the project with the design elements.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.2 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Aswan Science Centre

AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL

C#2

CONCEPT 2: PHILOSOPHY

Budling concept is coming from forest and how it diffuse the sunlight and at the same time using it to grow up , By getting high from ground temperature and using it to make a social attraction and a spot on the science center.

INSPIRATION

Floating Budling The building opens to a spacious public plaza in the south and east, shielding the surrounding residential quarters from the busy roads in the north. At the same time, not only is the museum forecourt the place where visitors arrive, but the residents of the neighboring districts can also spend time somewhere. A natural transition and a visual dividing line between the exhibition building and the road is created with trees and expanses of greenery.

Building Round Ramp Attraction Point

STRUCTURE SYSTEM A floating structure measuring 133.5m x 133.5m, which rises above the pedestal building at a height of around 20m, is the main result of the new building. This roof is supported by multiple, extremely slender columns, which, based on the image of a bamboo grove, form a concentrated forest of columns. A spatial transition from the public road to the science exhibition area has been created. Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.3 INDIVIDUAL WORK AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL

Aswan Science Centre

C#3

CONCEPT 3: PHILOSOPHY The moment of Nubian Power refers to the common human experience of instantly understanding a problem or concept previously incomprehensible. It is a psychological concept that seeks to explain the problem-solving process when a previously unsolvable puzzle unexpectedly becomes simple and clear. Nubian life throughout history has always created a different kind of architecture that saves them from the desert and produces a special design.

INSPIRATION

THE NUBIAN POWER

Building Layers Main Spot Terrain Levels

STRUCTURE SYSTEM Structure used retain walls and in the middle frame structure to create wide spans.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.4 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Aswan Science Centre

AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES The project is mainly is dealing with bringing back to importance of Aswan historical place to the culture again wearing the new clothes of technology and sustainability using autonomy approach.

SHADING SYSTEM The building comes alive at night as “the cultural lighthouse of the city” as the white fabric face is transformed by an evolving colored light display.

Fig. 85 Each

Teflon-coated fiberglass membrane cloth is attached to a grid of pre-stressed stainless steel cables and arranged in a traditional Arabian pattern.

Fig. 86 Budling

is covered by a striking geometric façade that doubles as a sunshade providing visual interest and protection against the sun, while maintaining maximum light penetration.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.0.4 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Aswan Science Centre

AHMED HUSSEIN FARGHAL TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

The project is mainly is dealing with bringing back to importance of Aswan historical place to the culture again wearing the new clothes of technology and sustainability using autonomy approach.

SHADING SYSTEM In the small seaport town of Youghal, the remodeling of the existing parking lot quickly became an iconic visual symbol for the town. The 12 umbrellas designed to measure 6 x 6 m cover the former parking lot and convert it into a meeting place which can withstand a large variety of climatic conditions.

Fig. 87 Tulip umbrella

SOLAR CELLS A solar canopy throughout the perimeter of the Living Roof comprises 60,000 photovoltaic cells that supply approximately 213,000 kWh of renewable energy per year (at least 5 percent of the regular energy needs of the Academy) and prevents the release of more than 405,000 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions per year.

In several smaller ways throughout the building, we also harness energy. For each device, for example, sensor faucets in the bathrooms charge themselves (flowing water allows the inner turbine to produce power and charge the battery pack), while heat recovery systems capture and use heat generated by HVAC equipment, reducing heating energy. Chapter 9: Individual Work

Aswan Science Centre

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#1

AILING TOWARDS

AUTONOMY

Aswan’s craft of Boat craft dates back to the pharos making the city an autonomus crafts Studing the Maquettes created by boat engineers, and studing it’s concepts of design and creation. It was clear That applying these concepts on a large scale architecture can be applied to revivle the autonomus craft in aswan and to find solutions that can be redesigned for a more technelogicaly advanced structure and design.

Fig. 88 shows the cross section of

boats deck , and the grid used to attached the wood parts of the boats to withstand the loads, and the pressure of the nile and sea. These concepts will be applied to the structure of the Project in diffrenet materials to adapt the nature of the project, and using kinetic systems to adabt the functions of the project.

Fig. 89 shows the unique structure system of

the Sailing boat, consists of main Strud as shown in the figure, attchaced to a support Robes with below hinges. The concept of Robes attached to a main Strud will inspire the deisgn of the Observatory tower and it’s connection to the rest of the project making structural expressionistic design to the tower and it’s connection to the rest of the project.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#1

Experminig with Physical Maqutte allowed the concept of the formation of space using the phormology of the sails in the boat, to give different unique designs

The forces of sculbting this form with sails was the forces of meaning of each space, and how it communicate to the use, for example in fig, 4,5, and 6, the design followed the idea of exploration of surrounding enviroment , that usually the obesrvatory tower gives to the uses.

Structural expressionasim where the main driving style to this maqutte design, as this ideology where the other force that shaped and made the materials sway’s to make this endless enteraction of sharp and smooth, strong and elegant desplay of structral expressionasim.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK

Aswan Science Centre

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

C#1

Creating a

Digital model

The curvature of the Double roofing will be deigned to control the flow of air withing the project and within the urban landscape of the project mimic the idea of the sailing boat controling the flow of water withing it’s body.

Kinetic paneling will be used to control the micro climet of each building using smart sensores to detect the amount of air needed to be inserted and deflected to and from the building.

An ealry preview of the formation of spaces, structure system, and the formation of the Shells enclousing the Project’s spaces.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#1

Creating a

Digital model

Mimicing the ideology of the Sailing boat structure system. The Beams the transfers the loads from the shells to the base The shells of the project. Base of the project.

Structure system

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.1 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#2

EARNING

FROM NATURE

Taking Inspiratoin from Fenestraria Plant and it’s adaptation in a harsh desert weather like Aswan.

Roots and Dynamic Shape helps to structurealy maintain and prevent it from collabes this startidy will be used in the structure system of parts of the project

The Crysals like interior of the Plants helps dynamicly moves the light into the body of the Plants, this stratigy will be used to tranfere light into the project into interesting way’s to guid and tell stories through the light.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.1 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#2

Experminig with Physical Maqutte allowed the concept of the formation of space using the phormology of the sails in the boat, to give different unique designs

Physical maqutte was built in the same morpholgy of the plants structure, that consits of a grid of leave like coloumns.

Mimicing this concept the Maqutte shows the formation of spaces with same ideology of the formation of the Plant.

The Shells will allow intereisting light, unique shapes, a dynamic spacial

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.2 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#3

EAVING

THE FUTURE

Craft as weaving is a tradition in Aswan the weaving skill is enhareted from father to son to be bassed along for generation and generation to come.

The ideology of the weaving process inpired the concept of the design , to take this concept and merger it with the technologies that came to the fasion industry.

Technologies as, mergeing sensors, lights, and artificial intelegance to the fasion to perfectly meets the need of the user. The idea will be to mimic the process of making a woven structure and analys it’s functions.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

9.1.2 INDIVIDUAL WORK

ABDELRAHMAN HUSSEIN ZAHRAN

Aswan Science Centre

C#3

Mimicing the details.

Each type of knitting, and shape allows for different air flow with different speed, for example in the upove sketch shows the trianular nitting that let less air flow but can with stand strong tenstion.

this type of nitting the ordenary knitt allows for maximum air with intermediat tension ,

Chapter 9: Individual Work

This type of knitting will be used in areas that requre minimum air flow but requre heavy shell that needs strong structure

as shown in the sketch upove, this type of knitting will be used in parts of the project that requre maximum amount of air with minimum strucutral wight 76

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Digital model was made to test out different configurations of the knitting concepts.

This type of form where created by merging the typology of the land in Aswan’s site and the maximum amount of tension this structure can withhold.

The model showed positive air flow throgh out it space with maximum lighting and maximum tension

The formation of the hole project will be a seirs of knitting insired strucutres each fullfilling the function that each of spaces needs

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9.2.0 INDIVIDUAL WORK EMAD EL-DEEN HAMDY

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Emadeldeen Hamdy Abdalmaged ‘’ Lets make the future bring back and revive our past civilization ‘’ ‘’ The discovery of agriculture was the first big step toward a civilized life ‘’ Keith, A.

1- Abstract: The inhabitants of Aswan Governorate, especially the Nubians, face many continuing problems from the last century until now, and although civilization there is considered one of the most important civilizations in history; However, most of the governorate’s villages are going through a phase of marginalization and neglect, and most of the governorate’s residents suffer from a low-quality standard of living and a high increase in unemployment rates, in addition to their constant complaints of government neglect. Especially since Agricultural life and its resources are the most important and common element throughout the history of Aswan civilization; Agriculture is the strongest auxiliary element in the process of restoring lost civilizational progress in the governorate. Therefore, A.S.C. Came to be the hope to revive this agricultural civilization and to take advantage of these neglected resources by using and harnessing the science and technology necessary to create new technologies that work to improve the agriculture process in Aswan Governorate and provide and Teach those scientific tools to the local population.

2- Mission: The main missions of A.S.C. Are: 1- establish a scientific institution to help the people of Aswan learn new agricultural techniques . 2-Creating specialized mechanisms to address the problem of water shortage. 3- Making Aswan a new scientific beacon in the south that works to attract investors from all over the world.

3- Objectives: 1- Revive the old civilization in modern technology methods 2- Reduce the rate of the unemployment 3- Preserving water resources 4- Introduction of modern agriculture technologies like genetics and nanotechnology 5- Work to attract investors from all over the world 6- The attempt to solve the problem of the AL NAHDA Dam

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Concept 1: Revive The Old Urban Fabric The main idea: is to revive the old Nubian urban fabric which was randomly distributed clusters around the Nile, This inspiration will transform the project masses into cluster such as their old villages design that will work to connect people more with the project and feel the return of their past, civilization and old culture again. The residents will be the first to help maintain and support the project, Also helping them to learn new scientific methods that A.S.C will provided it like clean energy, agriculture nano technology and water efficiency system. This will make the population more interactive in the project, which will lead to helping them increase their culture and keep pace with the advanced sciences in the field of agriculture. Conceptual Zoning

Fig. 90 Old

Nubian Villages Fig. 91 Urban plan of the Urban Fabric, That close to new resettlements in kom Nile and agriculture lands, ombo 1964 1962

Conceptual Sketch Of The Forum Hub and Observatory Tower

Fig. 92 Layer 2

Layer 1: By integrate the Old Nubian urban fabric with the simplified cells of the plant according to the theme (Agricultural Science Centre). Layer 2: Since the court is the most important and common element in Nubian house, and all members spend most time and meet together in that court, so I want the central piazza not only to be a cross road but to become place where scientists and researchers cant met and share ideas together which called Forum Hub. Concept 1 Inspiration Al Awali Science City is 2016 World Architecture Festival Winner, which project masses arranged as a clusters and create an innovative observatory tower as landmark Chapter 9: Individual Work

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Concept 2: Effect of the Surroundings

Layer1: By Looking at the most important surrounding buildings and structure, we find that those landmarks are considered to have an agricultural function, such as the Philae park, which is one of the most important botanical parks in Aswan. The Nile Museum, and of course the museum’s large park that It is considered one of the most important attraction place in the region; And finally, Aswan Dam and Aswan tank. Phase 1 Phase 2

Phase 3 The axes divided the land to 8 zones; each zone has its own module that created by boundaries Fig. 93 The

old aswanites hoses which created by informal generation way

Layer 2 analysis :

Fig. 94 New

Nubian houses on regular grid

So ; By taking the simplified modular unit from the new arrangement and integrating it with the method of planning and distribution of builddesign ings on the old system; We will find the following:

1- Program Requirements 2- Informal Distribution

3- Massing & Program

4- Setbacks & Openings

5- Graduated Arrangement 6- Gathering Platforms

7- Court

8- Sustainability

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Concept 3: The Secret of the Nubian Triangle

If the main objective is to revive the lost Aswanic heritage through the Agricultural Sciences Centre; The Nubian Triangle will be the core of the idea. Where this triangle can be found everywhere in Aswan. Layer1: The main Keywords ( Science – Agriculture – Aswan ) will be expressed in three triangles, Each triangle will express some sub-keywords that support their main keyword, then the three triangles will be integrated to create an architectural triangle. Resources

Civilization

Workshops

Final Agriculture Architectural Facilities: Triangle Science park and Green Houses

Research Centre

Agriculture Science Centre

Water Recycle

Social Culture Sustainability

Technology

Conference Centre and Exhibition

Research Centre And labs

Layer 2: Create a theme that inspired from Nubian triangle and apply it in all architecture ways such as building forms, land and hardscape Green House House Green Conceptual Zoning

Labs Labs

Science Science park park

Research Research Centre Centre

DigitalLibrary Library Digital Conference Centre Exhibition Exhibition And Innovation And Innovation Centre Centre

Conference Centre

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Concept 2 Inspiration

Concept 3 Inspiration

The Interlace is a large residential complex in Singapore consisting of a series of apartment blocks stacked diagonally across one another. And this roughly similar idea to the method of houses arrangement in the old Nubian culture.

Phaeno is a science centre in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, dedicated to physical phenomena and housed in a futuristic building designed by Zaha Hadid Architects.

Royal Ontario Museum designed by tudio Daniel Libeskind, Bregman + Hamann Architects and it consider the most famous Deconstructivism building in the world

Technical Studies: 1- Green Facades: Fig. 95 MFO

Park, Oerllikton Architect, Zurich

Fig. 96 IKEA

Gallery, Architect, Vienna

QAR

The Green Solutions system consists of fasteners , cables , rods and fittings that are applied according to the need of the project , most of these materials are manufactured in stainless steel.

UNStudio Remodels Hanwha Headquarters In Seoul With Energy-Generating Facade The Solar panels is a self-supporting frontal which surrounds existing buildings by forming a double layer of panels. These solar panels can be connected to work mechanically or electronically. This solar shell helps to be more efficient 40% than the stationary panel. As opened, they shade building interiors during summer months and ventilate the double envelope passively. When the panels close, they shut to allow an external watertight. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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Self-compacting Nanotechnology concrete Nanotechnology can increase the capacity of the building by interfering with building materials, as this technology works to make the building stronger, more stable, lighter, cheaper, more sustainable and environmentally friendly. And nanotechnology can be used in construction in two ways: 1- Working on strengthening and stiffness of construction materials such as reinforced concrete and steel by adding some nanoparticles in the composition of building materials, which improves their properties. 2- Or by using new structural elements in construction made entirely of nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) , This happens when technical and economic resources are available.

Fig. 97 Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy that completely built from nano

concrete

There are two benefits of using Greywater in buildings: Reducing and saving the use of fresh water (Nile water), making the building more sustainable and adapting to the phenomenon of low water levels in the Nile River. Reducing the amount of wasted water or entering the drainage streams, re-disinfecting it and using it again in various fields such as agriculture.

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Chapter 9: Individual Work

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MISSION “To make Aswan, and hopefully all of Egypt, run on solar power from the solar Energy of Aswan’s sun. To make Egypt dependent on itself for power rather than use foreign power. Egypt has the resources, the science centre is how we can use these resources to our advantage”. OBJECTIVES 1- A research space dedicated to studying the sun, to harness its energy. 2- A research space to keep up with technological advances and develop new ones. 2- Public area with interactive exhibits to teach the outsiders the purpose of research. 3- Raise awareness to solar power use with interactive experiments with the visitors, whether students or tourists and with holding conferences. 4- Designing a Science park to promote science in a fun way. 5- Conference halls to motivate the students about learning. 6- Achieve the three autonomous approaches through the architectural design and concepts of the project.

PROJECT TYPE: The chosen project type is a SOLAR ENERGY, science centre. what about solar energy and its uses? SOLAR ENERGY BENEFITS: Solar energy is gained from the sun’s rays and then converted to electricity or heat. Technology has become advanced, we can now harness even more of the solar energy. 1- positive impact on the environment. Solar energy is positive to the environment. It doesn’t produce toxic gases, doesn’t contaminate the water, and the production doesn’t create any noise. 2- Reduction in Energy bills/ saves money/ low energy bills. Generating power from the sun saves money because you won’t need to use the city’s electricity. 3- Solar energy is available everywhere. Since solar energy is from the sun, and the sun is available everywhere on Earth so solar energy can be harnessed anywhere, especially regions that are hot. This is beneficial for the places that don’t have access to regular power. 4- No energy loss during transport. Energy is lost with the transportation and distribution to the supply areas. 5- Improves grid security. Solar panel grids are spread out which can help with security from humans and natural disasters. 6- Economy boost. Jobs are created for people to put together the solar panels. 7- low maintenance cost. Very little water for its maintenance is needed. 8- Energy independence. 9- Solar energy is abundant.

Fig. 98 Solar energy panels.

Fig. 99 Solar science centre interior.

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CONCEPT 1

STATEMENT: ‘A REVIVAL OF THE SOLAR KNOWLEDGE’

SOLAR RENAISSANCE: BURNING INTO THE ENLIGHTENMENT What are the sun’s main components and function? What does the sun provide us with? What is the reason for the sun? How do we take advantage of the sun? Why solar science centre in Aswan specifically? The ideas is to harness the power of the sun both physically & metaphorically. This will be achieved by using the sun factors visibility, warmth, linearity of rays, energy, light, movement and a play of shade & shadow. The ancient Egyptian monuments prove that the sun was a major factor for the pharaohs when designing. They studied the sun and its movements and timing. These studies have later been forgotten with the future buildings. This building is a chance to bring back the knowledge of the sun.

Fig. 100 Sketch of

indirect lighting.

HOW THE SUN WAS USED IN PHARAONIC ARCHITECTURE The Ancient Egyptian temples, such as temple of khons, temple of horus and temple of Amon are designed with light in mind. The plan is axial with gradient change of space according to function and the amount of light needed to enter the space. The concept is to use the idea of the gradient change of space from big to smaller, like temple of Horus. KEYWORDS: HIERARCHY OF SPACES GRADIENCE MOVEMENT SEQUENCE ACCORDING TO FUNCTION LIGHT SHADE & SHADOW

Fig. 101 T

e m - ples

Temple of khons

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Fig. 102 Relationship

Templ of Horus

Tem- ple of Amon

of the science centre with the Aswan traditional architecture. 87

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-The sequence of of the project’s functional buildings is from RESEARCHING to DEVELOPING to TEACHING. -The clustering creates a play of shade and shadow. -Orientation and placing of the clusters are according to the studies of the light from the sun. -Pharaonic temples’ hierarchy of spaces. -From space to space.

Fig. 103 Plan conceptual sketch of

chy of spaces and clustering.

concept 1 showing the hierar-

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Fig. 104 3D conceptual sketch of

concept 1 showing the hierarchy of spaces and clustering with the tower.

INSPIRATIONS ABU SIMBEL TEMPLE The ancient Egyptians built the temple with coordination with the sunlight as to shine on ramses ii two days in the year.

BAIT UR ROUF MOSQUE This mosque in Bangladesh was designed to have natural lighting and a play with shade & shadow in new direct and indirect ways.

AUTONOMY APPROACHES IN CONCEPT 1 ARTISTIC AUTONOMY Artistic autonomy is achieved by the aesthetic design of the building with relation to the idea of the sun’s functions. The play of shade and shadow and the redesigning of the ancient Egyptians’ temples. TECHNOLOGICAL AUTONOMY This approach will be achieved with the unique structure system and materials that will allow artistic ways for shade and shadows. The Tensile structure that will be used for shade and as a design element. There will also be new technological advances and equipment for the sun research purposes. SOCIOCULTURAL AUTONOMY The sun is a major part of the Aswan culture. The education spaces will help teach about the benefits of Aswan’s sun. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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CONCEPT 2 SITE AND CONTEXTUAL DRIVEN CONCEPT The concept is driven primarily from the site and the contextual factors. The site has beautiful contours that could be used to the advantage of the design. The context of the site has many factors mentioned bellow. Aswan is rich with culture, beauty and amazing views that will be the main focus for the design process of the building. The contours of the site are beneficial because they are high enough to help make the far away view such as the Nile, low dam and temple of philae more visible from the site. There are countless ways to design with contours.

The idea is to use the 6 factors on the right with the design process and the contours. The site’s context is plenty. Aswan is mainly known for its two major architectural styles, the pharaonic and the Nubian. In this concept the focus will be on the Nubian architectural features. such as the color, the domed vaults, and the building materials.

Fig. 105 conceptual sketch on site.

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Fig. 106 Conceptual sketch of

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a complex with the site’s contours. Fig. 107 Conceptual sketch of how the site’s contours can be

INSPIRATIONS

FUSHENGYU HOTSPRING RESORT The inspiration is how the contour on the site was used to shape the building.

used for a vista point.

Fig. 108 Inspiration 1: Fushengyu hotspring resort.

BEIJING JINHAI LAKE INTERNATIONAL RESORT The inspiration is how the contour was used to make every level open and view the river panoramically. Fig. 109 Inspiration 1: Beijing jinhai lake international resort.

AUTONOMY APPROACHES IN CONCEPT 2 ARTISTIC AUTONOMY Artisitc autonomy is achieved by the aesthetic design of the building with relation to the contours of the site. Using the site’s contours to form an artistic building. TECHNOLOGICAL AUTONOMY This approach will be achieved with the unique structure system and materials that will allow designs with the contours. There will also be new technological advances and equipment for the sun research purposes. SOCIOCULTURAL AUTONOMY This concept is primarily driven from the context and contours. The culture of Aswan is what drives the idea of the building, its design, form and orientation. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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CONCEPT 3 NEW ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE The concept is a response to Aswan architecture. It expresses architectural and aesthetic autonomy. A project that puts Aswan on the Egypt map. An exploration of new forms and shapes with the application of a variety of materials and an imaginative interplay of solids and voids. PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE An architecture inspired by the key attributes of the old Aswan Architecture. NUBIAN ARCHITECTURE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE NATURE OF ASWAN SUCH AS NILE -Transforming the Nubian Aswan architecture into a new contemporary architecture. Key Nubian Features: Environmentally, socially and culturally passive. 1- Closeness, compactness of clusters. Different levels 2-Colors 3- Materials (mud) 4- Domes and vaults 5- Thick walls 6- Natural ventilation. 7- Courtyard connection. 8- Narrow and few openings- either rectangular or triangular. 9- Organic urban form. 10- A responsive architecture. 11- Encourages socialism. 12- Narrow pathways for shade.

AUTONOMOUS: Concept 3 will introduce a new form of architecture in Aswan. Fig. 110 Sketch transformation of

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Fig. 111 Contemporary conceptual sketch.

nubian houses to modern.

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Fig. 112 Nubian houses.

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Fig. 113 Parametric architecture.

AUTONOMY APPROACHES IN CONCEPT ARTISTIC AUTONOMY Artistic autonomy is achieved by introducing a new form of architecture to Aswan by transforming the Aswan architecture to a new parametric form. TECHNOLOGICAL AUTONOMY This approach will be achieved with the unique structure system and materials that will be used to achieve this form of design, the parametric. Parametric architecture has unique structure systems, like the shell structure system that will be used to achieve the form. There will also be new technological advances and equipment for the sun research purposes. SOCIOCULTURAL AUTONOMY The Aswan Nubian architecture is a definition of Aswan’s architecture. This definition will transformed in a new way for this concept.

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES 1- Tensile Structure A tensile structure covers a large span without use of numerous columns. It is a thin-shell structure that carries only tension. It is a membrane roof that is held together with steel cables. Structure: This system is made up of membranes, rigid structures such as pole and masts, and cables. -In the project: It could be used as a shading device for outdoor exhibits, events, or as a design element in a building.

Fig. 115 Tensile

details. Fig. 114 Examples of Tensile structures.

This technology is a Perforated metal panel that are hinged and open and close automatically. This kinetic facade is used for several reasons, like as a shading device or decorative element. -In the project: They could be used as decorations, for shading and could play a part with the play of shade and shadows.

Fig. 117 Example of

kinetic facade.

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2- Kinetic Perforated Panels

Fig. 116 Al bahar tower kinetic facade.

structure

Fig. 118 Al

detail.

3- Shell Structure

bahar tower kinetic facade

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A reinforced concrete compressive structure that can be shaped in any curved way. They are thin shells. -In the project: It is for curved forms.

Fig. 119 Hyperboloid paraboloid example.

Fig. 120 Shell structure form types.

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA CONCEPT #1: RESURRECTION “When the soul is resurrected it recognizes the body through drawings, and the best way to show identity is through the side profile and visible skin.”

The building’s side profile should show its identity and represent it; thus, proving itself to be autonomous and transparent for it shows what it represents.

Fig. 121 Mennatullah Elghazawy by Authors (2021)

URBAN SECTION OF PROJECT

SECTION OF OBSERVATION CUBICLES

PLAN OF OBSERVATION CUBICLES

Fig. 122 Mennatullah Elghazawy by Authors (2021)

KEYWORDS: IDENTITY, AUTONOMOUS, PROFILE, IMAGE, TRANSPARENCY. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA CONCEPT #1: RESURRECTION

Fig. 123 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

SIDE PROFILE In ancient Egyptian Drawings, people are drawn in side profile; because the side profile is the easiest way to recognize a person and their identity. The side profile of each person is unique and so should the side profile of the building be in order to be autonomous and unique. INSPIRATIONS Concept is also inspired by the mountains of Aswan. Creating a new experience for the users linked by innovative ways for vertical circulation.

Fig. 124 Pharaonic

paintings showing side profile

Fig. 125 Mennatullah

(2021).

Elghazawy, by Authors

The building will creep onto the slopes of the site blending in with the mountain and having a unique side elevations emphasized with help of the contours. TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Snapping Kinetic Facades A snapping kinetic facade is chosen for the building.

Fig. 126 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 127 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 128 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 129 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

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CONCEPT #2: IMMORTALITY “Linking between Aswan’s nature, local architecture and modern architecture is immortality and autonomy.”

by using local architecture and old local materials and integrating it with modern technological methods and details, an autonomous building will be achieved.

Fig. 130 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 131 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

KEYWORDS: ETERNAL, AUTONOMOUS, IMMORTAL. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA CONCEPT #2: IMMORTALITY

This is an illustration showing the round building and the way it overlooks Aswan’s nature. The glass provides the visitors with natural lighting and allows them to see the beauty of Aswan yet the building is portrayed in a totally autonomous manner.

Fig. 132 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

INSPIRATIONS

The building should emerge from Aswan’s local architecture and introduce modern architecture to it and it should also blend in with Aswan’s nature. TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

ETFE - Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene an ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafloroethylene) polymer membrane. This board is separated into 6 three-sided surfaces of ETFE. Properties: -Weight 1% Glass -Completely Transparent -Self-cleaning due to non-stick surface -Covers the entire building -Waterproof -Airtight envelope -Acts as a second skin -Reduces Thermal Loss -Warms up the building during winter

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Fig. 133 h

ttps:// static.wixstat-

Fig. 134 http://diyarchitecture.selber-

Fig. 135 EVolo competition

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA CONCEPT #3: MISFIT/LONE PROBLEM Lack of greenery.

Lack of pedestrian pathways.

One of the main problems in Aswan is that it is starting to lack vegetation as well as pedestrian pathways. The project’s mission is to solve those problems and add pedestrian pathways as well as greenery making it a continuation to the public realm. Features: - Abandonment of Aswan -Divergence -Simplicity -Use of different materials

-Self-sufficiency

-Play with light and shade

Fig. 136 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

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CONCEPT #3: MISFIT/LONE RECREATIONAL SPACES The project will contain recreational public places for visitors. They will contain greenery, pedestrian pathways, as well spaces for activities.

Fig. 137 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

EXHIBITIONS & INTERACTIVE SPACES Laser Light Panels Interactive Panels in parts of the building that give the users a new experience. The screen reacts according to the visitor’s will and displays certain scenes. The openings in the building allow in natural lighting which gives a warm and comforting ambiance to the visitors.

Fig. 138 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

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MENNATULLAH AHMED MOSTAFA CONCEPT #3: MISFIT/LONE INSPIRATIONS The openings and grooves allow in natural lighting as well as creating a welcoming, cozy, and relaxing atmosphere on the insides of the building. Fig. 139 Physical

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES LLP - Laser Light Plane Multiple surfaces of the simulation area will have LLP Technology with short range sensors that activate the screens when a visitor approaches the surface. It consist of an infra-red camera that detects cuts in the infrared light beam caused by touches. The screen will then react to display different items based on the visitor’s will. Copper Sheets Copper sheets have been utilized to plan and develop structures for millennia. Ancient Egyptian architects utilized copper claddings for the transcending sanctuary entryways of Amen-Re at Karnak. COLLAGE

models with Fig. 140 Perforated similar impression as the Sheets. project.

Copper

Fig. 141 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

This illustrative collage shows the things this project is inspired by. It uses the light and allows it into the project in an innovative way and acts as a misfit in between the context of Aswan.

Fig. 142 Mennatullah Elghazawy, by Authors (2021).

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MUHAMMED AHMED KENAWY MISSION AND OBJECTIVITIES

MISSION The mission is to make Aswan one of the biggest scientific cities in the south . Ancient Egypt’s culture was immersed in science. They were great in astronomy as all of their travels were based on the astronomy.

OBJECTIVES Egypt needs to be more connected to it’s science hungry ancestors. This project targets re-searchers, scientists.

AUTONOMY APPROACH ARTISTIC APPROACH

The project should have a specific artistic image to attract visitor to the exhibition part of the project. The aim is to attract a huge amount of people.

TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH

The project should make use of every technological advancement available to deliver the concept of an autonomous science center that specializes in researching and creating new technology.

CONCLUSION The proposed concepts aim to attract scientists researchers and science student to invest their time and knowledge in making Egypt, Aswan specifically to be a scientific landmark.

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MUHAMMAD AHMED KENAWY ASTRONOMY SCIENCE CENTER Global aims are to increase astronomy and related science knowledge to all areas of the population by offering subject-specific classes, exercises, and intelligent media. As one of the fundamental sciences, astronomy provides a broad variety of fields of interest, such as physical chemistry, science, science, topography, antiquarianism, but also history. Clinical and metropolitan divisions of public life, literature, and craftsmanship. It is an amazing device to give the life of individuals as an interest or a career another perspective. We trust a strong way of life and social ties with advancement by acquaintance with stargazing. The goals associated with the actual field of the Astronomy and Science Center are to generate public expectations and emphasis on science in the type of smart and educational parks, where the general population can cooperate with galactic hardware conducting cosmic perceptions on their own just as different visitors are interested in the matter.

Fig. 143 MUHAMMED AHMED KENAWY, by Authors (2021).

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MUHAMMAD AHMED KENAWY Concept one Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to analyze and study the science of astronomy. They used this knowledge in their everyday life including their architecture. Andromeda Galaxy is the closest galaxy to our galaxy Milky Way, and it was captured more than once. So, I take the structure of this galaxy ‘‘elliptical shape’’ to be reflected on my masses. And using the observatory tower to be at the center of the masses, in order to simulate the structure of the galaxy .. the center of the galaxy and the spiral stars arranged around it in an elliptical way.

Fig. 145 Andromeda Galaxy

Fig. 146 MUHAMMED

(2021).

AHMED KENAWY, by Authors

Fig. 147 Observatory tower

Fig. 144 Conceptual mass

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using the observatory tower to be at the centre of the masses, in order to capture the Galaxies and celestial bodies from there.

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MUHAMMAD AHMED KENAWY Concept two Aswan and the stunning scenery The use of sand-tones lines to form the building mass in order to achieve the harmony between project masses and the land contour lines

Fig. 148 MUHAMMED AHMED KENAWY, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 149 MUHAMMED AHMED KENAWY, by Authors (2021).

Fig. 150 MUHAMMED AHMED KENAWY, by Authors (2021).

Environmental technique The use of spaces that are used in gatherings to be underground to avoid high temperature in the morning figure 1

Fig. 151 Section

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MUHAMMAD AHMED KENAWY Concept three: aswan story telling

Telling the reason why Aswan become one of the prime cities in south of Egypt, the story of it & its creation through astronomy architecture The constellation Cassiopeia the Queen is one of the easiest constellations to find the Andromeda galaxy *The Andromeda galaxy is the closest galaxy to our planet earth

+ Aswan existing grid

Fig. 152 c

onstellation Cassiopeia

= Constellation Cassiopeia structure

Fig. 153 Andromeda galaxy

Generated grid

Mixing between existing grid of Aswan city and the Constellation Cassiopeia structure to generate axes connecting between all the masses * Respecting Aswan heritage by applying exiting prototype grid and constellation Cassiopeia structure for achieving the meaning of astronomy of my project

Fig. 154 Conceptual mass

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MUHAMMAD AHMED KENAWY Technological studies

1.Artificial intelligence AI has begun removing much of the manual work and improving optimization by taking all things from weather and site conditions to virtual walkways efficiently into account. Robots, robotics, and the Internet of Things have begun to help construct and design buildings that are more functional and can work wonders in the future. Fig. 155 Artificial intelligence

2.Generative Design It uses artificial intelligence to use a series of algorithms to create design choices. Based on basic design specifications such as materials, budget, and construction techniques, it offers several design choices. This can offer a thorough beginning to a certain notion with greater possibilities. ‘‘Guangzhou Opera House _ Zaha Hadid Architects’’

Fig. 156 Generative Design

3.Virtual Reality In a real-life-like experience, VR helps me to better illustrate my ideas and concepts to my guests. Thanks to the interactions it provides, VR can help to build more effective and user-specific designs.

Fig. 157 Virtual Reality

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4.Additive Design in the form of 3D and 4D printing

In the construction and design process, the additive design requires both human and artificial intelligence. More robots and humans will work together to create a project of greater productivity as soon as possible. There have been trials of houses being designed by a few countries by this technology by now and in the coming years, this will truly ignite a new trend in architecture.

Fig. 158 Additive Design in the form of 3D and 4D printing

5.Augmented reality

By overlaying 2D over 3D, AR adds to the real-life experience. It functions like providing the 2D plan with 3D sound and touch effects so that the user can also feel the materials or the message put into the template.

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Fig. 159 Augmented reality

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MERNA AMR AZMY MISSION AND OBJECTIVES MISSION As we all know that ancient Egypt has one of the biggest cultures it included great things and one of the significant things is science. Ancient Egypt’s culture was immersed in science as one of the most known thing about Egypt which is mummification also they were great in astronomy as all of their travels were based on the astronomy also the location of some of their buildings specially temples were very specific according to how the sun and moon will shine over the building for example how the sun shines over the statue of the Pharaoh’s in Abu simple temple . to conclude the mission is to make Aswan one of the biggest scientific city in the south.

OBJECTIVES Egypt needs to be more connected to it’s science hungry ancestors and therefore this project targets researchers, scientists and scientific students as well as anyone who’s interested in educating themselves. Autonomy Approaches Artistic Approach The project should have a specific artistic image to attract visitor to the exhibition part of the project and that is to attract a huge amount of people to discover scientific advances and to make science more approachable to common people not only the scientific community, in addition it’s important for the building to have an artistic approach to make Aswan a scientific landmark. Technological Approach The project should make use of every technological advancement available to deliver the concept of an autonomous science center that specializes in researching and creating new technology, not only should the building look technologically advanced from the outside but it should use the same technological methods to make the researchers’ work easier. Sociocultural Approach The project also focuses on making education more approachable to the common people by using the science park and the exhibition part of the building to attract common people to explore science and find out if they have interests in educating themselves about different branches of science.

CONCLUSION The proposed concepts aim to attract scientists, researchers and science student to invest their time and knowledge in making Egypt specifically Aswan to be a scientific landmark, and also attract common people to know more about scientific advances that barely anyone knows about in a light hearted and easy way.

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MERNA AMR AZMY CELESTIAL BODIES CONCEPT #1 Concept statement:

Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to analyze and study the science of astronomy, therefore they used this knowledge in their everyday life including there architecture. Specially in the spiritual buildings that have great importance to them like temples and pyramids. Following in their steps this concept is based on analyzing the orbital motions of the celestial bodies.

Fig. 160 Celestial Bodies Concept Sketch

Fig. 161 Celestial Bodies Concept Interior Sketch

Inspirations

Fig. 162 Celestial Bodies Concept Inspiration

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MERNA AMR AZMY TECHNICAL STUDIES CONCEPT #1 Smart Exhibition: Types of Technology used:

Symbol Decoder: Visitors will learn how abstract concepts embody concrete objects and how a context, theme, or intention in an artwork can be guided by those objects. Gaze Tracking: To look at an artwork or sculpture, a visitor is given fifteen seconds. The Art Lens eye-tracker registers their gaze pattern over the object as they do this. Visitors will then look at the direction their eyes have followed, see how others have seen the work, and consider how artists use various methods to look at some elements of a work of art. Expression and Gesture: Visitors use the Mash-up game to alter facial expressions in artworks and learn how subtle expressions and gestures can alter an entire piece.

Fig. 163 Gaze Tracking Technology

Fig. 164 Smart Wall Technology

Since one of the project’s aims is to connect people to education and help them learn in a fun way this smart exhibition approach should be the best approach. This approach is easy to interact with, very fun and new to people and it is an innovative way to trick people into learning new scientific knowledge by having fun and exploring the new technology. In this approach it’s advised to use interactive screens, gaze tracking technology and game like programs to help people have an unforgeable experience and also learn new things. Fig. 165 Interactive Screens

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MERNA AMR AZMY ZERO CARBON ZERO WASTE CONCEPT #2 Concept Statement:

Inspired by the fact that Aswan has the biggest solar power plant (benban) in Egypt and it produces most of it’s power using sun or hydro power from the high dam. The building should also follow this approach by emitting close to zero carbon and by recycling the wastes produced in the building. Also it should make it’s own energy by using solar power. This could be achieved by using a lot of courtyards , skylights to illuminate the building and plants throughout the building to eliminate carbon waste.

Fig. 166 Zero Carbon Zero Waste Concept Sketch

Fig. 167 Zero Carbon Building Diagrams

Inspirations

Fig. 168 Zero Carbon Zero Waste Concept Inspiration

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MERNA AMR AZMY TECHNICAL STUDIES CONCEPT #2 Transparent Solar Panels:

The see-through factor was emphasized by the MSU team. They developed a transparent luminescent solar concentrator, or TLSC, that can be placed over a window or any other clear surface. The technology uses organic molecules that, like infrared and ultraviolet light, absorb wavelengths of light that are invisible to the human eye.

Fig. 169 Transparent Solar Panels

Fig. 170 Transparent Solar Panels as Windows

Photo-Voltaic Integrated Shading Devices: Photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSD) refer to the components of building shading devices, which include panels, louvers, blinds, overhangs, awnings, and others, replaced by or coated with PV elements. The benefits of PVSD include not only the benefits of ordinary shading devices, such as the promotion of indoor daylight, the reduction of glare, the improvement of visual comfort, the minimization of heat gain and cooling loads in the summer, the potential for architectural expression, but also the production of electricity. Therefore, denote that at least 24 types of PVSD are theoretically available with almost the same forms. The following table shows the 24 types of photo-voltaic shading devices.

Fig. 171 Photo-voltaic Shading Devices Types

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Fig. 172 Photo-voltaic Shading Device

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Concept Statement: The building should mimic the surrounding environment by blending in with the environment. Since Aswan’s environment is mostly sedimentary the building could be cave like and blend into the surrounding rocks to form an underground building with outdoor facilities on top. - The building should have multiple courtyards and skylights to illuminate it’s underground part. - Inspired by Matmata’s cave vernacular architecture.

Fig. 173 Camouflage Concept Sketch

Inspirations

Fig. 174 Camouflage Concept Inspiration

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Courtyard: Courtyards are not only aesthetically beautiful but offer many benefits to the project such as better ventilation. The open space allows for air movement within the project and natural breezes can substitute for the air conditioning units which could be very expensive and not Eco-friendly. So especially for an underground building it’s very important to have multiple courtyards to emit natural lighting and ventilate the building. The following diagram shows an underground building (camouflage architecture) using courtyards to ventilate and illuminate the project.

Fig. 175 Underground Building With A Courtyard

Underground Building Insulation: The following diagram shows the Layers of insulation required for an underground building.

Fig. 176 Underground building Insulation Layers Chapter 9: Individual Work

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MISSION

Simplicity Egypt has a long history and culture since ancient times, where there are monuments and temples that man has been unable to explain and explain how they were built since that time. Aswan is very rich in the ancient Pharaonic civilization, and it is also rich in other things such as the Nile and rare plants from around the world. Aswan is also distinguished by astronomy, such as the one in the Abu Simbel temple where the sun perpendicularly to the temple. So I want to use these things in my project.

OBJECTIVES

Egypt should be interested in people who are interested in education, as the project is targeting students, researchers and scholars who are interested in educating themselves.

Sociocultural Autonomy

The project makes education more suitable for all people, where information can be given to people in a distinctive way and easily accessible to all groups in terms of the science park and the exhibition to attract people and also make Aswan special in this respect.

Technological Approach

The project must be available with all the technology that facilitates researchers and scientists to research and create new technology. It is not a requirement that the outside shape of the building be only that is used in technology, but the methods of its occurrence and all the technology must be used inside to facilitate the research.

Artistic Autonomy

The project must have artistic images to attract a large number of people to the project and explore information and all various information, and this is not limited to a specific category of people only, but also to all groups of people. The project must be distinguished to make Aswan a scientific and distinguished place of science.

CONCLUSION

The project aims to attract all scientists, researchers and students to know all different sciences and to make Aswan flourish with science and to be a scientific landmark. It is not required that the project be for a group of people with it, but rather that it be for all people and give them information and knowledge in a simple and easy way for everyone.

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MOAMEN MOHAMED ELSAKKA CONCEPT #1 : URBAN FABRIC Concept Info:

Aswan is characterized by a clear and beautiful sky, and through it it is possible to observe astronomy, so the building will be on a contour so that it is the highest point in which astronomy is monitored and also it is placed in a distinctive way and everything can be viewed next to the project.

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Fig. 178 Sky at ASWAN

Fig. 179 Sky at ASWAN

Fig. 180 Plateaus in Aswan

Fig. 181 Plateaus in Aswan

CONCEPT #1

6 3 4

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5 7 6

1- Administration 2- Exhibition Halls & Spaces 3- Research Center And Conference center 4- Technical & Service Units 5- Observation Tower 6- Planetarium 7- Science Park ZERO LEVEL HIGH LEVEL MEDIUM LEVEL LOW LEVEL

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CONCEPT #1 : URBAN FABRIC TECHNICAL STUDIES SHADING SYSTEM Because Aswan is very hot, I will use the Shading System in some parts of the building that are permanently exposed to the sun. It is possible to control the opening and closing of this Shading System.

Fig. 182 SHADING SYSTEM

GENERATIVE DESIGN Generative Design mimics how organisms function in nature. It is based on algorithms that produce a number of design variations. You input some parameters and receive in return an outcome that can be adapted into a fully functioning architectural form.

Fig. 183 GENERATIVE DESIGN

VIRTUAL REALITY VR is not just a game anymore. All you need is the headset and a software program. Through virtual reality, you can use exploration to the Revit, Rhino, SketchUp.

Fig. 184 VIRTUAL REALITY

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CONCEPT #2 : LOTUS FLOWER Concept Info: As Aswan is famous for its very rare plants and also there are many nature reserves for plants and there is famous for the lotus flower that appears on the Nile and the site is close to the Nile and the lotus flower will be analyzed and placed at the site and heading towards the Nile.

INSPIRATIONS

Fig. 185 Lotus Flower

CONCEPT #2

1 1

2 2

6 4

1- Administration 1- Administration 2- Exhibition Halls & Spaces 2- Exhibition Halls & Spaces 3- Research Center 3- Research CenterAnd And Conference Conference center center 4- Technical Service Units Units 4- Technical &&Service 5- Observation TowerAnd And Planetarium 5- Observation Tower Planetarium 6- Science Park 6- Science Park ZERO LEVEL

ZERO LEVEL

HIGH LEVEL

HIGHLOW LEVEL LEVEL LOW LEVEL

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CONCEPT #2 : LOTUS FLOWER TECHNICAL STUDIES TOUCHABLE HOLOGRAMS Here is another tool that gives us the option to leave the real world and experience a virtual reality. In fact, Dr. Yoichi Ochiai of Tsukuba University believes this technology could be used for entertainment, medicine, and architecture. So, When a person’s hand touch with the 3D image, the hologram is emitted.

Fig. 186 TOUCHABLE HOLOGRAMS

ARCHITECTURE ROBOTS This is not a new technology, as robots have been used for years in construction plants. However, robots have been developed to increase their efficiency. Consequently, the robots become lighter, smarter, and able to multitask. As the robots become lighter and smarter, they can go on the construction site itself and progressively make what humans once did.

Fig. 187 Architecture Robots

SMART EVERYTHING “Smart technology” and “Smart Roofs”. Usually, these refer to things that have a responsive technology within. For example, technologies which have sensors that detect temperature changes and are backed up with software are considered smart.

Fig. 188 SMART EVERYTHING

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MOAMEN MOHAMED ELSAKKA CONCEPT #3 : ENVIRONMENTAL & ARCHITECTURAL STYLES Concept Info:

The building will be environmentally and will be linked to the history of old buildings in Aswan in terms of architectural style. Also, studies will be done on the sun so that it illuminates the spaces according to the time of the sun, such as what happens in the Abu Simbel temple where the sun is perpendicular to the temple

INSPIRATIONS

Fig. 189 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF ASWAN

Fig. 190 Green architecture OF BUILDING

CONCEPT #3

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MOAMEN MOHAMED ELSAKKA CONCEPT #3 : ENVIRONMENTAL & ARCHITECTURAL STYLES TECHNICAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL

All the elements that make the building environmentally friendly in terms of everything will be used and relied on itself in issuing energy and also recycling anything.

Wind turbines and wind to thermal energy

Geothermal Heat

Photovoltaic

Wind turbines and wind to thermal energy

Geothermal Heat

Photovoltaic

Wind turbines and wind to thermal energy

Geothermal Heat

Photovoltaic

Smart Grids

Solar Thermal Collectors

Biofuel Boilers

Smart Grids

Solar Thermal Collectors

Biofuel Boilers

Smart Grids

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Biofuel Boilers

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Mission Egypt once dominated the world in the fields of science, architecture and construction. So, the mission is to bring back the Egyptian identity that always moves towards being the top any every field. The project will achieve this in the field of Architecture putting Egypt on the top of the international map. Objectives -Creating a place to gather talented and creative scientists and researchers. -Equipping the science center with all the tools needed to achieve the mission -Using the most out of Aswan resources -Discovering new technologies for workspace designing. -Discovering new sustainability techniques to cope with the environment. -Implementing new design features to transform the architectural style. -Creating touristic facilities that help raise money to fund the research part.

SCIENCE OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND FABRICATION The world is entering a new era of building technologies therefore, Egypt that taught the world how to master building technologies from the dawn of history should return to glow again. The science center will focus on experimenting new materials, exploring new building technologies, finding solutions for sustainability and resilience, exploring new fabrication techniques and the role of artificial intelligence and robotics in the field of architecture, to sum up, the center will be a place where the future of architecture is explored.

Fig. 191 Pavilion by Andy Payne, Quarra Stone Company,

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OMAR SALAMA ISOLATION

C#1 ADAPTATION

The Idea is to create a project that is isolated from the burning hot climate of Aswan -Isolated in terms of architectural style The project will offer a new futuristic style that will transform the looks of Aswan and become a shining star on the old lands, showing the evolution of Architecture and reaching out for the latest techniques and features to display a unique structure. -Seeks sustainability and environment adaptation The project will be equipped with the fittest sustainability features to adapt to Aswan’s harsh climate. The project will be an isolation from the burning sun and the dry climate. -A self sustaining environment The project will be able to create its own energy without relying on other sources, it will also reuse grey water and rely on xeryscape -A large umbrella The project will act as a large umbrella or a bubble to keep isolated from the sun and harsh weather and will create a peaceful secluded environment but with getting the benefits of the views of Aswan -A human beehive Creating a better workplace for workers and scientists to come up with new innovative ideas that could change the world

Fig. 193 Al Fayah park Heatherwick Studio

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Fig. 194 Dubai heat islands by MASK architects

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TECHNICAL STUDIES SHADING OPTIMIZATION Shading optimization will help in getting the most of the sun and maintain a cool, shaded area beneath the project’s roof. Optimization will record the amounts of radiation throughout the year and the temperatures in winter and summer and come up with a solution to avoid the sun at its harmful periods. It will also come up with solutions to get the most out of Aswan’s Majestic Views and having suitable amount of daylight. Shading in outdoor spaces will decrease the temperature by almost 10 to 15 degrees Celsius so will transform the climate making it bearable at summer and easy to live in.

Fig. 195 Solar radiation courtesy of Heatherwick studio

Fig. 196 Solar radiation courtesy of Heatherwick studio

SMART SHADING AND SOLAR PANELS Smart shading will be a major advantage in Aswan as it will enhance the climate. Smart shading includes the choice of correct means of shading, new shading technologies and correct orientation of shading devices. Integrating solar panels with shading device will be a double benefit as it will block harmful radiations coming from the sun and use the through solar panels to generate electricity. Shading devices could be standalone structures that act as landscaping elements which enhances the quality of urban life and gives an aesthetic look to the outdoors. Solar panels are no longer have to be rectangular blocks distributed on the ground they can now be integrated in shading devices and with building roofs.

Fig. 197 Courtesy of

Mask Architects

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THE MYTH TURNS REALITY

C#2 FUTURISTIC ECOLOGIES

Transforming the theme in Aswan creating an autonomous structure that goes beyond imagination, equipped with futuristic features and exploring the latest technological updates -Futuristic Style Expressing a new futuristic architectural style to be autonomous and unique across Aswan by applying the most recent architectural features, newly experimented materials -The Power Of AI AI has been a rising tool to be used and helps in every field of the human life. So, the project will be using the power of AI to monitor the building completely, detect any clashes and optimize use. -Transformable Structures The project will offer a first time feature in Egypt which is transformation. The building will transform according to two main factors space or use and climate control. The building will kinetically transform by growing out slabs, partitions, shading structures. -Kinetic Facades Kinetic facades has become more common but still not common in Egypt. It will offer climate control will maintaining the beautiful views and scenery when needed. -Optimized Structure and Pathways The project will also rely on optimizing its structure and pathways. Optimizing structure will allow for reducing the materials used in construction while maintaining perfect structure stiffness. Pathways optimization will ensure that pathways offer the least distance traveled to reach desired destination -Latest Lighting technologies New lighting technologies offer better energy usage and better lighting throughout the space. Correct Lighting also helps recognizing each interior and exterior space -Flexible Work Environments The project will offer various work environment options. By the use of flexible partitioning and smart furnishing. Sketches

Fig. 199 Sketch showing bridge

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Fig. 200 Sketch showing layout

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TECHNICAL STUDIES TRANSFORMABLE STRUCTURES A new technology is rising in architecture which structure transformation. The building now can change its state, shape, area and volume. The building will change when more area is needed or climate control is needed. The building will be equipped with motors and transformable floors and walls which change automatically or when needed through computers. Transformation could be in every direction whether vertically or horizontally. This will also change state from season to correspond to climate and allow self shading for example or expand an M.P.U for an event that needs more area.

Fig. 201 Mercedes stadium HOK

Fig. 202 The Shed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro

KINETIC FACADES Kinetic facades is a new technology that allows the building to dynamically change in response to climate, sun direction, views and ventilation. Kinetic facades can be programmed to automatically respond to climate to neutralize the temperature to the comfortable range. Kinetic facades also gives the building an aesthetic look and a wide range of states. Kinetic facades can be installed and fabricated with desired design. The two figures below elaborate the idea of kinetic facades explaining to states. State A is the state where motors have worked to open the panels to allow sunlight and views. State B is the state where motors return to close panels and block sunlight.

Fig. 203 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion by SOMA

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Fig. 204 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion by SOMA

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CENTRAL EMERGENCE Standing freely the science center will emerge from the lands of the old city towards futurism. This autonomous Entity wil lact as a focus point and an attraction just as the natural unique stone formations in the Nile that occur naturally, stand firm and has a majestic look. The project will also embrace linearity of the nile flowing from north to south and will mimic this behavior by creating a central axis that travels from south to north of the project giving the project a central plaza and balance throughout the project. Keywords: Attraction, Central, Emergence, Autonomy, Focus Point, Linearity, Balance. The project will start as a series of geometrical shapes that will distort towards a specific point

Fig. 205 Geometrical Shapes grid

Fig. 206 Distortion of

grid towards focus point

The

Fig. 207 Proposed project form

Fig. 208 Future project expansion

Fig. 209 Aswan stone formations

Fig. 210 Egypt Nile river

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FORM GENERATION

Fig. 211 Form generation.

ITERATIONS

Fig. 212 Iterations

TECHNICAL STUDIES STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION Structural optimization is a recent technological tool which helps minimize the use of material and increase the stiffness of the structure by calculating the areas with the great loads and focusing materials on these spots whether making it thicker or adding voids in stronger spots and filling the weaker spots so it is using the material with the best way to ensure nothing is designed without use and no material will be wasted.

Fig. 213 Topology optimization

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Fig. 214 Structural Optimization diagram

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RANA MOHAMED HASSAN Mission The project’s mission is to give scientists the place where they feel pushed to achieve further, where they can research with enough resources and with enough credibility, also another mission is to introduce science in a new Autonomous way, whether by using an artistic, technological or even sociocultural approach to it. Making a new destination where scientists come to research and visitors come to “edutain” is a mission that can be achieved in our chosen site professionally and ecologically, if the resources are used right. Vision The project’s vision is make an impact internationally, to make Aswan’s Science Centre a landmark in Egypt and in the science world, and to visualize Aswan as a southern capital for all people not just tourists. Objectives •

Exploit the location that the Ancient Egyptians used as an adequate place for the astronomical phenomenon “Abu-Simbel temple”. To make a science center with an astronomical research zone within.

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Making a self-sufficient sustainable project by using the resources in the site.

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Forming a futuristic, yet contextual project to attract all visitors using the artistic and sociocultural approaches of autonomy.

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Highlight the project by its futurism and enliven it with the site’s history.

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Attract students and non-scientists toward science, using the edutainment features in the project’.

Fig. 215 Conceptual sketch, (Author, 2021)

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Fig. 216 Conceptual sketch, (Author, 2021)

Enlightenment of Knowledge As research center is the main function of the project, as well as represents the main source of knowledge in the project. Therefore: 1) It will be the heart of the project, branching from it the other functions. 2) It will enlighten the whole project Architecture translation: 1) Centralizing the research center by placing other functions around it. 2) It will enlighten the project in both. Day: using lighting techniques such as a main wide courtyard. Night: using light strong light appliances that are energy sourced from the solar panels placed on top of the research center. As the Research center will be the source of light in the project. Autonomy Approach Technological and Socio-Cultural by using the Technology to lighten the project, whether it’s passive or Electro-mechanical. Chapter 9: Individual Work

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Fig. 217 Conceptual sketch, (Author, 2021)

Steps to a non-flooded future Before the Highdam, Egypt suffered from floods, but thanks to science it was managed to prevent them. These steps to a non-flooded land was the steps to glory. Architecture translation: 1) Idea of floods will be presented in water-based landscape which will decrease as we step up(with contours in our site) till the end of the road which is the Science Center. 2) Will take the fluid motion of the nile and translate it into the circulation of the project, as well as the form of the project. Autonomy Approach Technological Approach towards autonomy as the technology used will be unique and used for the first time in the area. as well as will be self-operated inspired by the high-dam. Therefore, the picture of of science saving the land from floods will be presented using the technologies in the landscape.

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RANA MOHAMED HASSAN Concept III

Fig. 218 Conceptual sketch, (Author, 2021)

Horizon Blurring

In Egyptian mythology, god of sky (Nut) and god of earth (Geb) have mated to give birth then to Isis, which temple is located right in front of the site on Philae island. Architecture translation: 1) Horizontality in the form of the whole project to blur the line between the sky and earth. 2) Enclosure towards the Isis temple’s cone of vision. Autonomy Approach Artistic and Socio-cultural approach, as the form respects both, the land topography, the surrounding by making the project completely horizontal.

Fig. 219 Conceptual sketch, showing the circulation of

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RANA MOHAMED HASSAN Sustainability Environmental and Economical Sustainability: a) Energy Autonomy •

Solar power: As sun exposure is very high in Aswan and in the site due to lack of high buildings around it. so it’s best to exploit this renewable energy.

•

Hydro-power: The fact that the site is so close to the Nile and the high-dam, is itself an inspiring thing to exploit this other renewable energy.

b) Waste Management •

Biological and chemical wastewater treatment

•

Metal waste recycling

c) Using of local materials. d) less using of Air conditioning by design a project with passive cooling techniques.

Social Sustainability: -Forming a project that will serve all visitors from all ages and all classes. The zoning of the project as well as the integration between the educational and research zone will integrate the visitors more. -Using of local workers in both, constructions and within the project, as locals will know the history of the land more, which will reflect the knowledge in the project.

Fig. 220 Zoning, (Author, 2021)

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RANA MOHAMED HASSAN Technologies Technologies used in the project to achieve sustainability a) Solar panels: The solar panels will be placed in the south of the project as the sun exposure is highest there. The energy produced from that panels will be used in the project. b) Solar glass: Since the Nile is in the south of the site, therefore the view is needed. However solar glass is transparent photovoltaic cells: it can be used to make use of the glass that will be put in the south for the Nile view. c) Rhizofiltration: Filtering Contaminated water, the soil itself absorbs the contamination in the water. This could be helpful in the waste water coming from the chemical labs. d) Oxidation ponds: shallow ponds or lakes designed for wastewater treatment using sunlight as well as bacteria. This technology will be used in the water-based landscape. e) Solar wings: Mashrabiya-like mesh that is used for shading outdoor spaces, it is placed according to the sun orientation and how intense the sun radiation is within these certain areas. f) Pavegen tiles: since the program of the project includes outdoor activities, the flooring system of the science park can be pavegen which is a flooring system that generates energy when it is stepped on, this energy can be used to power minor techs like LED lights. It happens through a wireless system that transfers this energy.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

141

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Aswan Science Centre

RANA MOHAMED HASSAN Technologies Steel Frame Structure It is a structure system consisting of steal beams as well as columns that are connected using the adequate connections. It’s mainly composed out of steal beams that are placed around the perimeter of the space and is known as “spandrel-beam” where then the masonry walls are placed on them. This structure is perfect for this kind of project, as skylights are needed as well as different types of forms in the ceiling. It is a flexible structure that will help in presenting the project in a futuristic way that serves all types of functions within the program of the Science Centre.

Fig. 221 Kapsarc Zaha Hadid, Saudi Arabia.

Shell Structure Hyperbolic paraboloid based structure made of bended plate structure formed to send applied forces by compression , tension, as well as shear stresses on the surface. Based on the previous urban analysis, the site should be strong enough for such structure to be put upon it. In the second concept, the shell structure is most likely to be used within it, due to the fluid movement that it is inspired from.

Fig. 222 As

conchas de concreto de Félix Candela através de fotografias, Archdaily

Tensile Structure Tensile structure is a term that refers to the construction of roofs utilizing a layer held set up on steel links. Their most positive characteristics are their pre-fabrication being easy, their ability to cover large spans, and their ductility. This structure will be used in the outdoor spaces, that will be flexible enough to integrate the spaces together as well to shade. This structure will be reflect the image of the futuristic characteristic in the science centre.

Chapter 9: Individual Work

Fig. 223 Munich Olympic Stadium / Behnisch and Partners & Frei

Otto, Archdaily.

142

LIST OF FIGURES

Aswan Science Centre

Figure 1

Autonomy and sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Figure 2

Elements we can apply to autonomy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 3

Royal Ontario Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 4

The urban village project by EFFEKT Architects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 5

An autonomous house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 6

Target Group Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure 7

Kolkata science city, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure 8

Urania in Berlin 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 9

le conservatoire national des arts et metiers in paris 1794. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 10

Planetarium science centre, Alexandria, Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 11

London Science Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 12

The Child Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 13

Teknikens Hus interactive exhibits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 14

Exploratorium in San Francisco, 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 15

Location Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 16 16

credit to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Figure 17 16

credit to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Figure 18 16

credit to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Figure 19 credit to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020 S1110016816000065#f0020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 20 16

credit to researcher https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#f0020

Figure 21

examples of Nubian Houses and Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 22

Integration of Mastabas into Nubian Houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 23

examples of Nubian Houses and Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 24

Autonomy in Aswan Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 25

Map of Aswan with 3 proposed sites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 26

Aswan Landmarks Map.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

143

LIST OF FIGURES

Aswan Science Centre

Figure 27

Accessibility Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 28

Climate Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 29

Building Use Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 30

Building Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 31

Building Heights Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 32

Building Heights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 33

Building Condition Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 34

Building Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 35

Vegetation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 36

Solid And Void . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 37

Urban Fabric Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 38

Sensory features Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 39

Surroundings Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figure 40

3D site topography map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 41

2D site topography map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 42

3D site topography map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 43

Electron Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 44

Science City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 45

Galaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 46

Solar Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 47

Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 48

Heydar aliyev cultural centre sketch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 49

Heydar aliyev cultural centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 50

Heydar aliyev cultural centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 51

Kolkata science city, India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 52

Convention Centre.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 53

Park.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 54

Exploration Hall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 55

Space Odyssey Hall and Dynamotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 144

LIST OF FIGURES

Aswan Science Centre

Figure 56

Kolkata science city layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 57

Sapporo Science Center, courtesy of Goto inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 58

Yokkaichi Municipal Museum Planetarium, courtesy of Goto inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 59

a viewer’s cone of vision angles vertically and horizontally, courtesy of Goto inc.. . . . . . 53

Figure 60

Bristol’s We the Curious 3D planetarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 61

Bristol’s We the Curious 3D planetarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 62

Horizontal Dome Planetarium Theater, courtesy of Goto inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 63

Tilted Dome Planetarium Theater, courtesy of Goto inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 64

Sun, moon, and planet projectors, courtesy of Goto inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 65

Ideal seating layout, courtesy of Goto inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 66

Sun, moon, and planet projectors, courtesy of Goto inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 67 Construction in the technical documentation, courtesy of Construction design of high-rise module for low-cost observation tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 68

Circuit of the Americas, Austin, TX Section, Courtesy of Miro Rivera Architects.. . . . . 55

Figure 69

Circuit of the Americas, Austin, TX Section, Courtesy of Miro Rivera Architects.. . . . . 55

Figure 70

Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of Neufert.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 71

Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of Neufert.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 72

Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of Neufert.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 73

Lab axonometric, Boston, Massachusetts Northeastern University.. . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 74

Lab table arrangement dimensions, courtesy of Neufert.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 75 Scientists at the biotechnology company Affymetrix in Santa Clara, California. Positions in the biotechnology sector are highly sought after.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Figure 76 Lab ideal zoning, courtesy of Neufert.Santa Clara, California. Positions in the biotechnology sector are highly sought after. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Figure 77

Workshop stands dimensions, Courtesy of Neufert.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 78

Workshop at ECPI university. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 79

Showing social sustainability factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 80

Showing economical sustainability factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 81

Showing environmental sustainability factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 82

Aswan natural sources (2010 by Per Storemyr). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 145

LIST OF FIGURES

Aswan Science Centre

Figure 83

Aswan culture (2012 by The Vibrant Nubian Lifestyle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 84

Aswan History (2016 by viator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 85 Each Teflon-coated fiberglass membrane cloth is attached to a grid of pre-stressed stainless steel cables and arranged in a traditional Arabian pattern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Figure 86 Budling is covered by a striking geometric façade that doubles as a sunshade providing visual interest and protection against the sun, while maintaining maximum light penetration.. . . . . . . . . 66 Figure 87

Tulip umbrella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figure 88 shows the cross section of boats deck , and the grid used to attached the wood parts of the boats to withstand the loads, and the pressure of the nile and sea. These concepts will be applied to the structure of the Project in diffrenet materials to adapt the nature of the project, and using kinetic systems to adabt the functions of the project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure 89 shows the unique structure system of the Sailing boat, consists of main Strud as shown in the figure, attchaced to a support Robes with below hinges. The concept of Robes attached to a main Strud will inspire the deisgn of the Observatory tower and it’s connection to the rest of the project making structural expressionistic design to the tower and it’s connection to the rest of the project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure 90

Old Nubian Villages Urban Fabric, That close to Nile and agriculture lands, 1962. . . . . 79

Figure 91

Urban plan of the new resettlements in kom ombo 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Figure 92

Layer 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Figure 93

The old aswanites hoses which created by informal generation way . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Figure 94

New Nubian houses design

Figure 95

MFO Park, Oerllikton Architect, Zurich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 96

IKEA Gallery, QAR

Figure 97

Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy that completely built from nano concrete. . . . . . . . . . 83

Figure 98

Solar energy panels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Figure 99

Solar science centre interior.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Figure 100

Temples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 101

Sketch of indirect lighting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 102

Relationship of the science centre with the Aswan traditional architecture. . . . . . . . 86

Figure 103

Plan conceptual sketch of concept 1 showing the hierarchy of spaces and clustering.. . . 87

on regular grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Architect, Vienna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 104 3D conceptual sketch of concept 1 showing the hierarchy of spaces and clustering with the tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Figure 105

conceptual sketch on site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Figure 106

Conceptual sketch of a complex with the site’s contours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

146

LIST OF FIGURES

Aswan Science Centre

Figure 107

Conceptual sketch of how the site’s contours can be used for a vista point.. . . . . . . . 89

Figure 108

Inspiration 1: Fushengyu hotspring resort.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Figure 109

Inspiration 1: Beijing jinhai lake international resort.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Figure 110

Contemporary conceptual sketch.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Figure 111

Sketch transformation of nubian houses to modern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Figure 112

Nubian houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Figure 113

Parametric architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Figure 114

Examples of Tensile structures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 115

Al bahar tower kinetic facade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 116

Hyperboloid paraboloid example.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 117

Example of kinetic facade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 118

Shell structure form types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 119

Al bahar tower kinetic facade detail.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 120

Tensile structure joint details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 121

Mennatullah Elghazawy by Authors (2021). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Figure 122

Mennatullah Elghazawy by Authors (2021). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Figure 123