Pulse

PULSE

IT’S ABOUT TIME ...

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Pulse: Rhythmic beating in the arteries caused by the beating of the heart, only when alive.

‘Pulse’, created by King’s High, explores the concept of time, incorporating a wide range of subjects from mathematics to philosophy.

A KING’S HIGH SCHOOL, WARWICK

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20 -19

Art

Amber Parr - Poppy Stevens -Nina Mulder-Qureshi - Rohini Mundey - Sapphire Mee-Harris - Isabelle Evans - Maddy Burrows - Maya Dhillon - Maya MulderQureshi - Shubanghi Bhatt -Yifei Wang-

Design Elukchiha Vivekananthan Nina Mulder-Qureshi - Amber Parr - Elukchana Vivekananthan - Maddy Burrows - Megan Barker - Olivia Benner - Rohini Mundey Yifei Wang- Zoe Guest

Writing

Imogen Welbourn - Carla Estrada - Elukchana Vivekananthan - Elukchiha Vivekananthan - Emily Talbot - Emma Cooley - Genevieve Shrimpton - Isabel Horsler Isabella Riddington - Laura Barnes - Lily Turner - Lottie Quinn - Olivia Rochford Rohini Mundey - Sam Simkin - Shubhangi Bhatt

PULSE

TEAM

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ante meridiem

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LOST A creativee piece exploring the resstraints and frustrations of time.

03:00

IS TIME REAL, OR MERELY AN ILLUSION? An article questioning the existence of time.

06:00

01:00

GRANDPA A poem focusing on a grandfather figure and his life through the years.

04:00

05:00

RUNNING OUT OF TIME A reminder of how little time one has left and an urge to stop wasting time.

SUNRISE A photo at sunrise taken on Mount Fuji, Japan.

07:00

08:00

SURVEY OF TIME A summary of the results obtained from a survey conducted in Warwick schools foundation.

NEWNHAM COLLEGE A photo taken by Nina at Newnham College.

09:00

10:00

TIME FLIES A creative piece of writing centring on reasons why maths lessons seem to last forever.

02:00

DOOMSDAY CLOCK An article informing about the concept of the doomsday clock.

WHY DO WE PROCASTINATE? A scientific article investigating the motives for procrastinating.

TIME IN SIXTIES A mathematical article consisting of the reasons for which time is measured in sixties.

11:00

LIFE OF MY GREAT AUNT An autobiography of Hazel Finn, a fashion icon.

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post meridiem

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MIDDAY A photo taken in Milford Sound, New Zealand by Amber Parr.

15:00

KING’S HIGH - PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE An article about the history of our school and its changes for the future.

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AN NICCA A short poem exploring the ideaas of the impermaneent nature of time.

21:00

WHY SHOULD WE RECORD HISTORY? An article questioning the importance of recording our history.

13:00

A BATTLE AGAINST OLD AGE A piece of writing offering views of how time can affect one’s health.

14:00

LEARNING FROM PAST MISTAKES An article exploring ideas of what the past can teach us.

16 6:00 17:00

AGE OF ADELINE A review of the film exploring aspects of how life would differ if one does not age.

TIME MANAGEMENT Tips to help the reader manage their time effectively.

19:00

20:00

TIME TRAVEL - REALITY OR FANTASY? An article questioning the possibility of time travelling in the near future.

TIME = πr ² An article based on the scientific perception of time and its origins.

22:00

23:00

FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY An article based on the future of digital technology.

PERCEIVING TIME A philosophical article offering a perception on the concept of time.

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Laura Barnes

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t surrounds me, time, soaking into my skin, altering me. It obstructs the magic of my childhood seeping in – maturing me, seizing me from my beautiful childhood. I do not want time, I never have. My mother told me to never grow up, to not listen to the boundaries of time and defy anyone who challenges it.

But time is there, at least I think it is.

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s it ever truly there? Is it just a lie echoing in my empty void? Bending our reality to distort our imagination, rubbing all the colour out of the world. All around me the laws of time are changing before my eyes, (all the rules I have ever known) like lightbulbs: flickering out of existence.

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truly see the danger of time before me, the force that took her away from me. The change in time wounds me, before beginning to swirl around me, an unstoppable tornado of emotions. I can’t escape from its solid grip, the grip that refuses to take me back to my colourful childhood. The whirling cage becomes tighter and tighter.

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can’t breathe. Time is suffocating me, drowning me in a bottomless pool of iridescent water, tossing me to and from: it’s an amusing game. It bounces me off every wall, pinballing me down the ever-descending stairs, growing darker as time continues to surround me. It is squeezing my throat, taking away my precious last breaths of innocence. It squeezes tighter and tighter and tighter…

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ntil I have no perception of time anymore, until I can no longer see the last remaining spark that has kept me balanced this long. The rules of old and new blur together, mismatched – I can’t tell the difference. Too soon, time has weighed down the pressures of adulthood on so much that only the darkness of the strange world surrounds me, capturing me in its immense shadow, grabbing at each of my limbs dragging me further into the black hole of time.

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new pounding in my head begins, demons trying to climb inside my head, manipulating me into things I don’t want. They did the same to her. I don’t know what to believe anymore, stuck in a tug of war between breaking free and the pressures that lie in the adult world, each whispering incantations into my ears, pulling me into directions I don’t want to go. But I’m going. And there is nothing I can do about it. The time once lost washes over me, clouding my memories, ripping away the only hope I have left, if I had any left. Time is taking my life away from me, sucking all my remaining sanity away. It wants to take me to the darkest place, it laughs as I try to run from its grip only to pull me straight back in. Time seeks to destroy me.

And I can do nothing about it.

I am lost to time.

A 00:30

The Doomsday Clock: A Potted History THE DOOMSDAY CLOCK.THE CLOCK OF ULTIMATE DOOM. THE TIME WE HAVE LEFT BEFORE WE ARE ALL ANNIHILATED. THE CLOCK WHICH COMMANDS AGGRESSIVE CAPITAL LETTES AND (PERHAPS UNECESSARILY) GRANDIOSE TITLES.

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EMMA COOLEY

Hello, dear reader. I hope the aggressive capital letters which smacked you in the face captured your attention, and that you are now filled with a the aggressiv Hello, dear reader.

I hope which in the face capture burning desire to smacked discoveryou more about and that youby arecontinuing now filled with a burn this mysterious ‘clock’ moreifabout thisnot? mysterious ‘c to read thisdiscover article. And you’re ing to read this article. And if you’re no Well, to put it bluntly, tough. At leat I bluntly, tough. At least I tried. tried.

The phrase ‘The Doomsday Clock’ suggests a k

The phrase ‘The Doomsday Clock’ suggests secret we science-fiction novel, a super-villain’s a key plot device in a science-fiction novel, a melodramatic clickbait heading.

This, arguab a super-villain’s secret or of perhaps interest andweapon, also a sense urgency.aWhatever provokes, ‘The Doomsday Clock’ is a gen melodramaticname clickbait heading.

This, argucreatedinterest in 1947, aand symbolic ably, is to provoke also estimation a sense of how destroyingmental ourselves and the of urgency. Whatever image its earth. nameThe means include (but are by no means limited to): clima provokes, ‘The Doomsday Clock’ is a genuine warfare, weapons; internet-based deception (f construct created in 1947, a symbolic last, but by no means least, estimageneral stupidity. tion of how close are to destroying our- change a pointswe of focus, however, are climate selves and the earth. The means of destrucfare. tion include (but are by no means limited to): The clock’s symbolism is created from two mai climate change; nuclear warfare, weapons; countdown to the launching nuclear missi internet-based deception (fake news)of aand, quent mass-destruction) andstupidthe concept of th last, but by no means least, general an apocalypse. (Evidently, an apocalypse begin ity. Its two main points of focus, however, would just not carry the same dramatic tension are climate Let’s change and nuclear warfare. rewind the clock (see what I did there?) to the year that the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

The clock’s selves symbolism is created from ‘created (though they were not officially Bulletin was created by the group to of scientists two main elements: the countdown had developed the launchingsity ofofaChicago nuclearwho missile (and thethe first nu of the ‘Manhattan Project’. subsequent part mass-destruction) and These the atom bo dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the US concept of the midnight start of an apocthe subsequent mass-destruction (and nuclear alypse. (Evidently, anthese apocalypse begin-that somet the USSR), scientists decided ning at tea-time would just the notever-greater carry thethreat of o be done to address same dramatic tension.

Buta listI ofdigress). destroyed, creating factors and using t the proximity the Doomsday clock to midnig Let’s rewind the clock (seeofwhat I did there?)

The severity of the to 1945. This *was the year thatdanger. the Bulletin * The likelihood of the menace going away. of Atomic Scientists founded themselves length of activity of the threat(s). (though they* The were not officially ‘created’ until 1947). This Bulletin was created by the These factors are all very subjective, therefore group of scientists the University the clockfrom in an ‘accurate’ position, of let alone de Chicago who position had developed theposition first nuclear means. The of the clock has m weapons, as part ‘Manhattan since of its the foundation and theProject’. time has had a ran from ’seventeen to midnight’ (19 These atom utes: bombs were then minutes dropped on theNagasaki Cold War),by to ‘two midnight’ (19 Hiroshima and the minutes USA. Intothe USA and the mass-destruction USSR first tested hydrogen bo wake of thethe subsequent we are once again in the same position. While (and nuclear arms race with the USSR), these remember that this ‘clock’ is largely symbolic a scientists decided that something needed to that the tive, this does not invalidate the point be done to address the ever-greater threat looking particularly good. of our world being destroyed, creating a list What is interesting note is thatthe during the y of factors and using them totocalculate missile crisis (1962), which some now believe t proximity of the Doomsday clock to midnight: ever come to nuclear war, the time remai *The severityhave of the danger. utes to midnight.Yes, you read that correctly. A * The likelihood of the menace going away. the world was approximately three hours away * The length of activity of remained the threat(s) war, the time serenely at seven minu

aggressive capital letters captured your attention, th a burning desire to terious ‘clock’ by continuyou’re not? Well, to put it

uggests a key plot device in a s secret weapon, or perhaps his, arguably, is to provoke Whatever mental image its ck’ is a genuine construct on of how close we are to The means of destruction ): climate change; nuclear eception (fake news) and, stupidity. Its two main e change and nuclear war-

These factors are all very subjective, therefore it is hard to keep the clock in an ‘accurate’ position, let alone deciding what each position means. The position of the clock has moved 20 times since its foundation and the time has had a range of fifteen minutes: from ’seventeen minutes to midnight’ (1991 – the End of the Cold War), to ‘two minutes to midnight’ (1953 – the year that the USA and the USSR first tested hydrogen bombs).

This year, we are once again in the same position. While it is important to remember that this ‘clock’ is largely symbolic and highly subjective, this does not invalidate the point that the situation is not looking particularly good.

What is interesting to note is that m two main elements: the during the year of the Cuban misclear missile (and the subsencept of the midnight start of sile crisis (1962), which some now ypse beginning at tea-time believe to be the closest we have atic tension. But I digress). ever come to nuclear war, the d there?) to 1945. This was time remained at seven minutes Scientists founded themto midnight.Yes, you read that ly ‘created’ until 1947). This correctly. scientists from the Univerhe first nuclear weapons, as se atom bombs were then i by the USA. In the wake of nd nuclear arms race with that something needed to Atworld a time where the world was approximately three hours away from a nuclear war, the time remained serenely at threat of our being seven minutes to midnight. It has been argued that this is because the crisis lasted merely thirteen days at its peak, and using them to calculate rather than a continued period of threat. However, being approximately three hours away from a nuclear war is k to midnight:

g away.

extremely alarming. (It indicates that we were very close to potential annihilation). From this, it could be deduced that ‘The Dooms day Clock’ is not accurate. It is highly subjective but it does draw attention to some level of the threats facing us.

therefore it is hard to keep Perhaps t alone deciding whatthis eachdoes not matter very much. The point of ‘The Doomsday Clock’ is not to create a wholly accurate picture of the time we have left. It is to raise awareness of issues that affect ALL OF US (yes: that means EVERYONE clock has moved 20 times ON and motivate us to take action against them (because, I don’t know about you, but total and s had a range ofTHIS fifteenPLANET) mindnight’ (1991 – the End of annihilation causing misery and despair does not sound like a particularly pleasant way to go). indiscriminate dnight’ (1953 – the year that ydrogen bombs).

Thisits year, Despite seemingly gloomy message, this clock is one that can be rewound. There is always hope if we take While it is important to notice and act. symbolic and highly subjecnt that the situation is not

The question is whether we will do so in time. This is where you come in, reader. If we work together on these issues, we can make a difference.You can make a difference (yes: that means YOU. Hello again. How’s your day going?)

In all seriousness: learn about these issues. Inform others about them. Petition the government against uring the year of the Cuban w believe totechnology be the closestthat we is destroying our environment or destructive nuclear weapons.

ime remained at seven mincorrectly. AtWhen a timepush where comes to shove, we are the only ones who can save ourselves. hours away from a nuclear ven minutes to midnight.

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g

g Cradled in his arm Covering the morning sun He whispers so light That my aging has begun.

Straight onto his knee Laughing at his appearance His humour in me He dissipates all my fears.

Sailing in the moon With the giggles of choking He tells me it’s soon For what father?

Stop spooking!

randpa a I can’t hear him now.

Only what he said to nurse That blackcurrant juice.

So now I grow like the fruits Of what was once his Universe.

Lily Turner 02:30

Izzy Riddin

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umans’ lives depend on time, always have done, and perhaps, always will do. Every day everyone functions by routine: we wake up at a certain time, we complete actions at a certain time, we finish our day at a certain time. The cycle is infinite; we are constantly ruled by the idea of time. I suppose that time helps us to understand the world better, it helps to halt the chaos by ruling everyone in a constricting pattern. It also helps us to better understand the universe by allowing us to categorize into the concepts of: past, present and future. However, is this omnipotent ruler that we’ve been living under really a contrivance, or is it merely a shared idea?

To start this argument, I’m going to ask you a resounding question: “What if our world just stopped?” What if I stopped writing this article, the cars on the road outside stopped moving, and everything ground to a halt? Would time keep moving irrespective of events happening, or does time only exist when events happen?

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03:00

Sir Isaac Newto n believ ed that time would keep movin g, regard less of wheth er things stopp ed happenin g.

You could comp are this to a plasti c conta iner, where the conta iner repres ents time. Newton theor ised that the conta iner would contin ue being there, regard less of wheth er there were things (represen ting our world ) inside it. This developed the idea that time is unifor m and ‘absol ute’. If time is unifor m, then every one sees things the same - irresp ective of locati on or speed . For exam ple, if I’m playin g cricke t, I will see the ball in the same place at the same time as someone who is drivin g past in a car. This notion makes sense in day to day life, but not when lookin g at outer space and speed of light.

This is where Einste in’s theor ies become more signif icant. In 1905, Einstein create d a thoug ht exper iment to prove that time can be perce ived differ ently for distin ct people. Let’s suppo se I stand on a train platform, and as a train - which is moving at almos t the speed of light (proba bly impos sible) - progr esses throu gh imagi ning I could see this train - despite it movin g so fast, it gets struck by lightn ing at each end of the train.

ddington

This means that the lightening -craft. The bowling ball’s force has the abilibolt’s light has equal distances ty to bend the space - time ‘sheet’: warping to travel to reach my eye. Subsetime. Therefore, as the marble approaches quently, I see the lightning bolts the bowling ball, time adjourns being unistriking simultaneously. I am not inform. Moreover, if we were travelling near correct in this perception. However, the speed of light, time would slow down. let’s suppose my friend is traveling However, since massive amounts of eneron the train and she is sitting at the gy are needed to move something near midpoint. When the lightning bolts to the speed of light, we cannot easily strike the ends of the train; she sees test this theorem. one before the other. This is due to the fact that she is moving, and so when And so, in conclusion, time canthe bolts strike the train, the train is alnot be as easily understood as first ready moving towards where the bolt at thought. Although our gut instincts the front of the train struck. So, (despite and our past experiences state to at the point of striking each bolt is also us that time is constant and linear. equal distances from her eyes) by the time This could just be how the illusion she sees the bolts, she has already travis viewed by everyday life on earth elled towards the front bolt, and so she sees and therefore, we may only see this one first. She, like me, is also correct in the idea of time slowing down her perception of when the lightning bolts and speeding up as incomprestruck, but how can we both be correct if our hensible, just because we have answers are different? never experienced it before.

Consequently, this builds Einstein’s case of time’s existence to be an illusion and ‘relative’: it depends on where you are in the universe, and how fast you’re moving. This is the basis of Einstein’s space-time theorem.

Imagine a bowling ball in the middle of a trampoline, and a marble on the edge of the trampoline. The trampoline represents space - time, the bowling ball represents a large gravitational force and the marble represents some relatively microscopic mass and force compared with the bowling ball such as a space-

Is Time Real, or Merely an lllusion?

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Imagine if when the exact moment that you are born a clock appears. It’s more daunting than that old, creaking Grandfather clock in your grandparents’ attic with the pendulum swinging violently – watching you and teasing you as the seconds go by. It’s a distressing time capsule. Counting down your every action: it’s something you ignore and hate. It’s taboo. But it’s there. And it never leaves.

Why is the clock so terrifying? Because it doesn’t count the minutes that go by: instructing you when to pull yourself out of bed grudgingly.

Allowing the hours to go by (some slower than most: for example: that one hour of lunchtime detention which seems to last for millennia). Instead this particular clock is a countdown.

A countdown of how long you have left. When the scrunched, wailing bundle of flesh is first born, the clock appears.

Parents huddle around it with clenched fists, frantically whispering pleas for there to be many years promising to come round.

Those outside hold their breath, waiting for the pained screech doubtless to come if only the first few months are going to tick by. Babies tossed to the curb: who wants a baby who will only live to 3 years? Instead, sometimes, a cry of joy resounds through the closed doors and envelopes those waiting in suspense: a comforting hug as the future of the babe promises to be lengthy. Then there are those who are born with a cold, still clock: paused before even the first second: a still-birth. The clock is buried with the small pitifully vulnerable corpse. A testament to the time that could have been.

Those who obtain the utmost luck are born with a long clock: approximating a healthy life span. If we utilize a more scientific approach to look at this the average lifespan is around 76.7 years globally: which translates directly to 4000 weeks or 28,000 days or 40320000 minutes to go ticking past on this futuristic clock. Life becomes a waiting game. A waiting game intercepted with sleep: there are those who

Running Out

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04:00

stay up all night: if life only promises you several more months how can you sleep with the knowledge you are wasting precious time? And there are those safe in the knowledge that they are safe still: yet every morning when they take that compulsory glance at the hovering clock – dread fills them: they just wasted 8 more hours. How could they?

If those who have that secure belief in their life do sleep (which they mostly do), they are just left with 18, 875 days overall. These people parade around with their clocks glossy and held up high: proud of this perfect life. While those who have only a while longer hide: friends have left them, preparing for the grief, so they are left alone with just their clock for company as insufferable hatred grows at the piece of fragmented metal or they clutch at their loved ones – not ready to part just yet, trying desperately to ignore the inevitable ticking by of precious seconds.

Yet this is a fate for all, as the hours tick by we use up more and more time on the boring elements of life: 4,127 days on screens, 235 days queuing, 35 days arguing, 150 days complaining, 588 days on transport, 1538 days eating, 136 days getting ready, 408 days cleaning and of course 4, 821 days working and 334 days at school. Overall, 57 years would be spent on this if the lifespan was 76.7 years. Translating to 19.7 years left. With this knowledge, even for those who are lucky enough to have a longer life-span: people spend more time smiling, more time laughing, more time with friends, less time spent lying in bed, more time with loved ones, more time on holiday, more time having fun.

The clocks may be loathed, despised and shunned. But they make you more aware of the process of running out of time. We are constantly running out of time and we don’t know it. So stop arguing, stop crying and get out of bed. Time is not ours to use but instead uses us. Stop. Worship time and you might just end up with a better life.

ut OfTime Lottie Quinn

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SUNRISE

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I’m sure that everyone has, at some point, discreetly postponed that piece of work that is blaring from myriad to-do lists with an ever-approaching deadline.

We don’t do it out of ignorance (well, most of the time…) but there have been multiple occasions where I’ve sat down, got my pen out and yet just couldn’t bring myself to start the task!

But why? Why do we procrastinate?

It never brings any more ease or less stress to our lives, and in many cases it actually increases these two factors, yet we still do it?

We procrastinate due to a plethora of reasons...

Of course, the main reason is a deluge of laziness, incriminating both our personality and our focus. Those with awe inspiring self-control can forgo the laziness and crack on with the task anyway, but for those of us who simply cannot be bothered: procrastination is our saviour (and also arch-nemesis if we look at levels of greater performance in life by comparing those who are and those who aren’t lazy).

A more surprising reason for procrastination is that our tendency to procrastinate is increased due to our childhood.

There are two sides to this argument: one is that we simply copy. If those we have grown up with procrastinate; the habit is quickly passed on to incriminate young, impressionable children.

On the contrary, it can also stem from pure rebellion. Studies show that if you have strict guidelines and tasks set out for you by parents, you may build up the habit to simply not do them until the last minute as a type of protest.

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We have all heard of that ‘goth’ phase when rebelling as a teenager, but this is actually much worse as, despite it being less embarrassing, it is not left behind with the studded boots and purple lipstick, but rather sticks around for most of your life once it has decided to reside there.

Furthermore, many studies also show that certain people are more likely to procrastinate. It is found particularly in people who are classified as excessive perfectionists. This is because these people will build up the task and so need it to be ‘perfect’, resulting in an increased fear of failure and makes the task seem so overwhelming that it becomes unmanageable. Subsequently, it now must be avoided at all costs as it is deeply important (sometimes unnecessarily so) to the person.

Additionally, procrastination is common amongst thrill seekers. This is a result of the seemingly euphoric feeling stemming from finishing a task right before or on the deadline; due to the impending rush of adrenaline. Most of these procrastinators wouldn’t even be aware of this procrastination as their subconscious would be encouraging them to obtain that exciting and scary feeling, thus, labelling it as something else.

Of course, there are also the avoiders and the incompetent. Those who simply don’t want to do the task as it doesn’t seem fun or entertaining: this is often the most common cause of procrastination along with those who procrastinate as a consequence of an underestimation of deadlines. This is either because they simply don’t realise when the project is due or because they are overly optimistic in what they can accomplish in two minutes. Additionally, there are those who are indecisive. These people will therefore not do the project as they would be unable to decide how to accomplish the said task.

Procrastination can occur due to your personality itself and the way your brain is telling you to work.

In this case the cause of procrastination is so that you have an excuse for failure if you are worried that you won’t be able to complete the task well.

If you do it last minute you can consequently use that as the reason for your ‘failure’, instead of your lack of understanding. Furthermore, a lack of focus is also implicating: people with attention spans so short that they accidentally begin a different task, or simply forget about the task altogether. Finally, procrastination can often provide people with a sense of control over an otherwise daunting and uncontrollable situation: no matter what that person instructs you to do: you can do what you want, when you want.

Lottie Quinn

Why Do We A Procrastinate?

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interviewed my aunt Hazel Finn, aged 92, in her WarwickTown House.

She recalls her work and contribution to the fashy Aunt was born ion industry during her in 1926, when life was lifetime. very different; ‘simpler’ people might say. Having left school at 14 (which was typical at this time) she ended up on the stage due to her love for singing and dancing. Having spent time in London during the First World War, she particularly remembers this as a ‘frightening and horrible time’ with air raids and rationing implementing a great difference on her life.

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Time Through The Life Of

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fter the First World War, she worked in a dress making factory. This served as her introduction to the fashion industry; which she proceeded to work in for the rest of her whole career. Furthermore, while consecutively working in the fashion world, she also continued to feed her devotion for the stage by habitually appearing in shows around the UK. These shows were often starring myriad famous people amongst the cast, including Arthur Askey and Dorothy Squires (who proceeded to marry Sir Roger Moore (James Bond actor). Subsequently, she even became very good friends with Dorothy Squires.

My Great Aunt

by Imogen Welbourn

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owever, it was fashion where Hazel was particularly successful; following all the revolutionary changes in fashion during the swinging 60’s.

Consequently, Hazel then proceeded to move to work in the West End of London, leading to her working with many famous designers and their growing brands. Including, one that she is most proud of, Harvey Amies (who designed for the Queen and royal family) once again Hazel then became a particularly dear friend of Amies – which even led to her meeting certain members of the royal family.

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dditionally, as an extremely successful buyer for many renowned large department stores: she travelled the world attending many “rag trade social events ” (the insider’s term for the fashion industry). Therefore, she was regularly seen at the front row of fashion weeks on a global scale in the days of the 60’s and 70’s. Among these: New York was important on an economic level but, surprisingly, Munich was a pinnacle of affluence and luxury in the eventful fashion calendar. Moreover, Hazel was frequently interviewed and photographed by the press as well as making several television appearances; often being seen on the BBC’s ‘Woman’s Hour’ for her thoughts on the revolutionization of ladies’ fashion.

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artially due to her global connections, but mostly attributable to her jet-setting nature: Hazel continued to travel around the world, as well as living in other countries for periods of time.

She was among the first of the British to have a villa constructed in Spain under General Franco’s rule and fondly remembers the memorable times on Franco’s yacht enjoying drinks as the sun set.

Hazel quotes: “Time has changed Spain in so many ways.”

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azel’s opinion was deemed invaluable and (especially within the American fashion industry) she proceeded to be head hunted by lots of foremost companies during her 70’s.

She continues to live an exceptionally extravagant and glamourous life - moving between her properties to remain at the heart of the party even in her 90s, along with her life -long partner: Bill (an accomplished airline captain). With her recent 90th birthday celebrations stretching over several weeks of festivities on a global scale, she most certainly knows how to have a good time. Furthermore, she is just 21 days older than Queen Elizabeth and therefore, she is determined to “beat her to 100!”

am completely besotted by my Auntie’s youthful and exultant attitude – portrayed as she firmly states she is: “young-atheart.” This is the main phenomenon that has kept her going through her life: aiding her to stay young physically and mentally. She has never once feared the prospect of growing old, she is still completely infatuated by fashion. Her vast collections of very sought after clothes and a huge shoe wardrobe is testament to this. She certainly does know how to live the good life.

However, I think what amazes many with my Great Auntie Hazel is her endless energy. Just a few weeks ago she returned from her trip around the Mediterranean and she is often sited in Ibiza and Cape Town. Due to this I can confidently say that ‘old people’ are not dull as many people believe and that the saying: ‘young hearts run free’ definitely proves true.

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ISABEL HORSLER

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istory is full of wars; humans have

been fighting against one another for a long time. The reasons for going to war can be numerous, usually the most common causes of conflict are: economic gain, territorial gain, religion, nationalism, and revenge. War is a serious matter. It’s not just a dispute for the government but for the whole country. We are talking about the destruction of lives. Not just the odd few but millions upon millions. This can be illustrated by the number of deaths in both World War 1 and World War 2 which reached an estimated total of 50-80million human lives lost globally.

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due to us forcing the Humiliation produce which led to the Sec lesson is that was the p no limits. This is depict of the key tools of whic his influence. By using nicated his ideas to the well as censoring all me result that no one withi anything that didn’t sup cates that the propaga illusion, manipulate the and wrong, sadly propa because of this incentiv ther indicating that we mistakes historically.

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ng them to pay reparations. oduced a national resentment e Second World War.Yet another the power of propaganda has epicted as propaganda was one which Hitler used to spread using propaganda, he commuo the German population as all media in Germany, with the within their country could read n’t support his ideas. This indipaganda was used to create an te the reader about what is right propaganda is still being used entive in our modern world: furt we have not learnt from past lly.

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hroughout the war; many horrors took place. Many of these occurrences were unlike anything which we had ever seen - too shocking to be palpable. One negative consequence is that the events of World War 2 led directly to the beginning of the Cold war. During the War the Western Powers and the Soviet Union joined forces to defeat Germany. Following the end of the War, we were left with two differentiated societies of communism and capitalism constantly competing against one another to be the strongest superpower. The heightened tensions were as a result of the development of nuclear weapons (such as the development of the hydrogen bomb and anti-ballistic missile systems). Both sides felt threatened by their opposition and worried that there were current plots to remove their own beliefs – Communist or Capitalist. Consequently, they continued to create more weapons – resulting in an arms race. The use of nuclear weapons is considered highly immoral as it has the ability to end peoples’ lives and it could accidently lead to a radiation disaster, for example Chernobyl in the Ukraine.

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s a result of this, it is reasonable to conclude that any outcome of war is bad. However, there are always some overwhelmingly positive outcomes of war. For example, one positive outcome is the medical advancements made. For instance, in World War 1 when all the British soldiers fought in the trenches along the Western Front between 1914-18; soldiers were constantly facing dangers from shelling and bombs. Resultant of these harsh conditions, medicine was confronted with both injuries they had never seen before and an overwhelming volume of casualties: forcing doctors to be innovative - leading to cures and medical breakthroughs.

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N example of some of the major developments was the blood blank at Cambrai. The identification of blood groups and use of blood type O meant that the risk of transfusions between the wrong blood groups was reduced.

Robertson found a way to store blood for up to 4 weeks because the availability of blood stored in several depots made a huge difference to men’s chances of survival. Additionally, there was also major development in brain surgery. This is indicated by the role of Harvey Cushing (an American neurosurgeon) who developed new techniques in brain surgery, such as the use of a magnet which could remove metal fragments from the brain. dditionally, he used local anaesthetics instead of general anaesthetics when operating. This was due to the new knowledge that the brain swelled when using general anaesthetics which increased the risks of dying during operation (something that didn’t occur in use of local anaesthetics). Moreover, as he operated on more invalid soldiers: he gained more experience and so increased the effectivity of his operations.

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Another positive outcome was the technological advancements where we saw new inventions such as: navigation systems, jet engines and microwaves which helped to shape the future which we live in today.

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have mentioned only a few impacts of war. But despite positive effects occurring; it does not mean wars are excusable.

There is no such thing as a final war because we are still having wars again and again, since we are failing to learn from out past mistakes.

One lesson we should can learn from war is that we should not humiliate another country. For instance, at the end of WW1, we made Germany solely responsible for the conflict in a global sense. They then proceeded to lose all their territory and all of their colonial power due to us forcing them to pay reparations. Humiliation produced a national resentment which led to the Second World War.Yet another lesson is that was the power of propaganda has no limits. This is depicted as propaganda was one of the key tools of which Hitler used to spread his influence. By using propaganda, he communicated his ideas to the German population as well as censoring all media in Germany, with the result that no one within their country could read anything that didn’t support his ideas. This indicates that the propaganda was used to create an illusion, manipulate the reader about what is right and wrong, sadly propaganda is still being used because of this incentive in our modern world: further indicating that we have not learnt from past mistakes historically.

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AGE OF ADALINE REVIEW Not many films play on the concept of time but ‘The Age of Adaline’ is one of them. It is stunning how the idea of immortality can be so beautifully shot: where each scene makes the film worth re-watching. In this movie, time is portrayed as the greatest enemy to the protagonist – Adaline Bowman. The film encapsulates an idea of immortality in a scientific light – providing credibility to the film – as during a horrific accident Adaline’s heart begins to slow, her breathing comes to halt and her heart stops for two whole minutes before a bolt of lightning hits her car: defibrillating her heart and causing a compression of electrons in her DNA (named the Bowman Principle). This leads her to never age a day again or die of the usual “ravages of time” – a very bold stance.

Adaline Bowman becomes frozen at the young age of 29 and as her daughter begins to age, it becomes even clearer to others that something strange is going on. This, consequently, leads her to the only option of disappearing and then changing her identity every 10 years. The only other person who is aware of her dark secret is her ever-ageing daughter, played by an older woman - Ellen Burstyn. The movie continues to play out centring on the theme of eternal life. This, itself, is a very alarming concept from a physiological perspective. Subsequently, the audience could think of her position in two ways: one as being blessed or another that she is possibly a doomed specimen. Taking the 2nd stance, we see how Adaline struggles to build relationships due to the crippling fear of her immortality coming to light, leading to a lack in both long-term and honest affiliations.

Moreover, the movie causes the audience to question what the measure of life would be.

Seemingly, most would say the time that you have lived measures life. However, in-

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stead of this outlook, the movie portrays a much more powerful idea on life – one that the measure of life depends on the volume of time we have spent with loved ones or the time we have spent doing things we desire.

An idea of ‘quality time’ being a measure of life instead.

As a result of this, time is also a theme explored in the film. Time is a very strange thing indeed – it steals away before people can truly grasp the value of it, yet Adaline has nothing but time on her hands, but she is not happy. Why not? One of the most poignant lines in the movie is uttered by William “For all those years you’ve lived, you’ve never had a life.” – he highlights the fact that life is nothing without the people around you. However the idea of being immortal, when those around her are mortal, is an idea rife with many possible complications: both emotionally and psychologically.

However, the film could have explored this in a more meaningful manner. This could have been delved into in a multitude of different ways, for example, the perception that life only feels special and meaningful since time is running is only slightly hinted at when Adeline says “love is not the same when there’s no growing old together” and instead could have been reuttered to increase it’s significance to the audience.

Overall, ‘The Age of Adaline’ is not only visually beautiful but the story is also truly thought-provoking; raising many philosophical questions about life, death, and love. The film is based on the theme of time and ageing but plays on the idea in a surreal manner, at times unnerving the audience to the possibilities of science on the nature of human life.

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Time is often sharp to touch Drawing blood like the scalpel.

And even when that bright light cries, Ever looming death is quite a mouthful.

Well, it is our enemy, our foe Provoking false feelings of perpetuity.

And whilst innocent lies soften the blow, Impermanence is our reality.

- Sam Simkin

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TIME TR FANTASY Engines wheeze. Lasers fire. Metal screeches. Science-fiction has always fascinated us: the thrill of discovery weaved into our lives. Providing another way to escape our numbing existence (something we all seem to yearn for collectively) - but is time travel just the fanciful ideas of a passive species? Or could the dream of exploring the future and visiting the past become a truth? Could humans ever find a way to manipulate the fourth dimension? And, if so, would it be anything like the adventures of fictional heroes?

Time travel is possible- theoretically. According to Einstein, travelling to the future could be achieved by time dilation: relative velocity and gravity result in the fact that you can experience time passing at a different speed for you than that speed seen by an observer.

Therefore, if you move significantly faster than someone else, less time will have passed for you than for them, meaning you have travelled fowards in time. However, in order for the journey to be significant, you would have to move at colossal speeds. Depending on how far into the future you wanted to go and how fast you were travelling, the duration of your journey could be huge, unlike the immediate materialisation of the ‘Tardis’.

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“Time travel is possible theoretically�

forwards in time. However, in order for the journey to be significant, you would have to move at colossal speeds. Depending on how far into the future you wanted to go and how fast you were travelling, the duration of your journey could be huge, unlike the immediate materialisation of the ‘Tardis’.

Moreover, gravity can also change the relative passage of time, because the gravitational field strength of a black hole increases the closer you are. Despite needing enormous amounts of energy to stop yourself being sucked in and crushed; time will appear to pass slower to you compared to an observer.

But what about the past?

Although based on speculation rather than fact, the answers lie within wormholes, or shortcuts between two parts of space-time. This allows travel from one end to the other- (although it must be observed that even if they do exist, they won’t stay open long enough for an object to pass through).

One of the myriad dangers of time travel that you would face is the ‘Grandfather Paradox’: if you went backwards to kill your grandfather before you were born, you would never have existed, so your grandfather would still be alive, and you would be born and…

A few theories - about avoiding the creation of paradoxes - exist- one states that you cannot travel back in time to before a wormhole is created. Subsequently, using wormholes cannot cause paradoxes. Another theory indicates that you can only do what you know has already happened, so you cannot kill your grandfather if you know he doesn’t die. The ‘Alternative History Hypothesis’ has also been suggested - you create an alternative history when you travel back in time, so you could kill your grandfather but not your own specific version of him.

In addition, Gödel had a theory that if the universe is rotating, you could leave a certain point and return at the same time you left and, although the universe is not rotating, the interior of a rotating black hole is.

Despite most ideas about time travel being just theories, which aren’t as glamorous as the high-tech interpretation present in a plethora of films, a far-off generation may one day overcome these challenges and discover the secrets of the fourth dimension, opening up a new world of possibilities- and dangersthat today’s generation of dreamers could never imagine.

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SHUBHAN NGI BHATT

Time.

What is it?

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We can talk about how slowly it passes when we are waiting for the bus, or how fast it goes when there are only five minutes left to finish an exam paper. We can say how time only makes us older or how it can also make us feel young again. We can all describe what effects time has on us, but we cannot always say what ‘time’ actually is So, let’s start with space instead (trust me, it’ll make sense). We live in a three-dimensional space which we are free to move through as we wish.

But then comes the question: What is space? Space is simply an area, or more accurately, a volume, a place which a material object can occupy. It’s all well and good defining ‘space’, but how big is it? What shape?

There are lots of different theories, telling us many different things. Some theories provide more evidence, when some are completely hypothetical. Let us consider a universe the shape of a sphere. It doesn’t matter how large this universe is but if we keep travelling in the same direction, sooner or later our paths will cross. It is a very simple model telling us the universe is unchanging. If the universe is a sphere then all three dimensions must be circular. After all, linear dimensions cannot create a spherical universe! Now we have established ‘space’, we can consider ‘time’. To us, time is a very special thing; it practically rules over our entire lives. But time is nothing more than the fourth dimension of space.

As three-dimensional beings we travel constantly through the fourth dimension. This presents the illusion of time passing. But if time is the fourth dimension of space, it must be exactly the sa Now we have established ‘space’, we can consider ‘time’. To us, time is a very special thing; it practically rules over our entire lives. But time is nothing more than the fourth dimension of space.

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This concept is known as ‘imaginary time’. The word ‘imaginary’ here doesn’t mean: ‘Not real’. It is to do with the naming of two sets of numbers as real numbers and imaginary numbers. What we live in, ‘real time’, is somewhat an idea we have created ourselves. Time is really a circular dimension which in our relatively small scale, we havve mistaken to be linear!

The implications of this are interesting to discuss. Does a circcular time dimension mean that events are fated to occur again and again in each cycle for infinity? Or does it mean that we each relive our live es with the hope to live a better life each time? Does it mean that time can run backwards too? Does it mean the beginning of the universe is the same as the end of the universe?

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By recording the past we can begin to understand our present. People often say how ‘history repeats itself’ and this can certainly be evidenced today. We can look at current political affairs, such as President Trump’s discrimination and persecution of immigrations and compare it to past events, such as the 1917 Immigration Act also issued by the United States. In this act, the US barred people with any disadvantages, such as being poor, having a disability or being an alcoholic, from entering the country. Although currently Trump is not Every organism has memories of the directly discriminating against disadvantaged people, he past. Animals may remember the winter is stopping people of different nationalities or ethnic oriand so know to hibernate, plants may regins, such as Muslims or Hispanics from entering the US. member where the sun shines on them, And so, we may ask ourselves, how has recorded history and humans may remember anything helped us move forward in this instance? Arguably it has from what they last ate to when they not, however it may offer some answers as met their best friend. to how we should best solve the problem of people in power not learning from previous Although these memories may appear trivial and unmistakes. helpful at a first glance, they can actually be crucial to survival. This is the case especially in plants and animals in order to help them stay away from predators, On the other hand, it can also but also in humans. For example, I may remember to be argued that recorded indicate on the motorway to avoid a crash. However, history has helped us what is the difference between a memory, and actually to develop our tracking the past? If memories help us to survive, then society. what is the relevance of recording events and how is this going to help improve as individuals and a species?

W WHY WHY SHOULD SHOULD WE WE RRECORD HISTORY? RECORD HISTORY?

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BBY IZZY BY IZZY RRIDDINGTON RIDDINGTON During the 1600s, the slave trade began between the US, Western Europe and Africa in which people from West Africa were brought under cruel conditions to America and sold to work on plantations, and the produce from their labours being sent over to Europe, with them gaining nothing. black people and to abolish segregation.

Additionally, they have also helped to enhance our moral values and to create a society that challenges more concepts more widely, and this can also lead to further gain.

Furthermore, recorded history can also help to commemorate events and individuals that have served and sacrificed, to help our society. For example, by recording the events of WWI, each year on November 11th, we hold a two-minute silence to acknowledge the lives lost for our country. This is massively important as although it does not directly contribute anything to our current society, it does allow us to appreciate the courage, bravery and mistakes made in the past. This in turn can teach us valuable lessons in how we should behave and our morals that will allow us to be kind and successful people.

Additionally, from 1954 - 1968, the US underwent the Civil Rights Movement, in which people campaigned for improved and equal rights for black people and to abolish segregation. Both of these recorded events have massively helped to improve and shape our society today.

Although in many places ethnic equality has still not been achieved, and discrimination still exists, both of the recorded events mentioned above have helped us to learn from past mistakes in order to improve today.

In conclusion, recording time is massively important in improving our current society as it allows us to appreciate and learn from past mistakes, as well as building on foundations made by our ancestors. Although it does not necessarily stop history from repeating itself, it can help to provide solutions for problems and help us to understand what went wrong and how we can prevent it.

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THE FUTURE OF

TECHNOLOGY Rohini Mundey

The future of technology has the potential to either transform the world and improve human life or completely obliterate it. Now, this may seem over-exaggerated, yet there have been significant debates into whether the world will look like a dystopian sci-fi film or a deserted planet run by malicious robots - which have spontaneously become evil.When we talk about technology, we are talking about scientific knowledge that is applied to machines and devices (especially in the industry). However, one of the most essential principles of technology is artificial intelligence - which is something that is currently being spoken about more frequently. Nowadays, the words: “artificial intelligence” sounds alarming as this has been satirised to hold connotations of armies of hateful robots hunting down all biological life. However, if we break down what artificial intelligence is, it is, in simple terms, machines and computers learning, thinking and doing what human knowledge allows to occur. Instead of achieving specific tasks repeatedly, withAI, machines can operate from data that we feed them with to: recognise human voices, use human language or even have the ability to drive cars.

People often talk about the good or evil potential of technology. Einstein once said: “Technological progress is like an axe in the hands of a pathological criminal,” indicating that only humans have the power to do good and evil. However, the main problem is that as hu m ans we are becoming more intelligent by the second.Subsequently, our problem is that we will build machines, conscious or not, that

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will treat us with disregard. So imagine if we just created a super-intelligent AI that was no smarter than your average team of researchers.

Electronic circuits function a million times faster than biochemical ones. Therefore, machines think a million times faster than the brains that built it. If you run it for for a week, it will perform 20,000 years of human level intellectual work. Our minds find it hard even to comprehend this type of intelligence.

However, if we want to prevent this we have two options: the first option is that we stop making progress in building intelligent machines; meaning development in our computer hardware and software would have to halt. Instead, something disastrous would have to happen to destroy civilisation; such as a fullscale nuclear war or an asteroid impact. The other option is that we keep going and continue our AI advancement. Currently, we still have major problems we need to solve: these include; treating and preventing diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer; improving our climate; and exploring many ideas like genetic modification. Therefore, it is tough and increasingly problamatic for us to stop what we have already started. Therefore, the only alternative is that we continue to improve our intelligent machines over time. Consequently, we then risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion,� and this process could quickly get out of control.

When we fully recognise that we are creating very high sources of intelligence and that we most likely will continue to improve them; we will then have to admit that over time we will create something that will exceed the amount of knowledge we can constrain. Furthermore, this will be something that we need to learn how to live with.

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ning out, to me, doesn’t mean it will run out and you will never have time again. To me, time is free to run out whenever one has achieved all of the aspirations which influenced them to have a successful or unsuccessful life. Your time could be carried out to one or more lives. I believe that once we die, our time is still present to evolve into a new person, with new dreams, new aspirations, new goals… and then the process begins again.

Time is not effortless. It is not there to lead you into the life you dream of. It is there only to guide you into being a hardworking, time-consuming person.

This is why your past can affect the way you choose your future and the way you use your time. If you are an un-educated person, it doesn’t always mean that your future does not stand as bright as an educated person’s would.

It only means that you may have to work harder to consume your time well and efficiently. You must never be vulnerable or powerful only because of the life you were born into. If you use your time prudently your future can differ to be a successful one from a not as a successful one, you were maybe born into.

If you have always been

given the itinerary in your life, then your experiences are very limited in according to the way your mindset works. This comes from the phrase “you must use your time wisely” which is based on the fact that you can’t underestimate the time you have or be given the journey to life and not bother about time and consuming it well and thoughtfully. This changes you as a person as well as a human. If your time has not been spent in doing the right things for you but going down the wrong path of your future, then that means you time has ran out and you will not get a second chance. Second chances to me are very important as they test your strength and your weaknesses in order to see if you are worthy.

So, in conclusion, whether your time is destined to be short or long, you will never know just when your time will run out so enjoy every moment that you get. Be who you want to be and don’t let anybody change that. Let your time be the best it can be.

TIME

Time. What does time mean to me? Is it infinite or is it finite? How does your past affect the future and the choices you make in the present? All these questions are relatively based on someone’s mindset and how they perceive time individually, but time to me means something very specific…

To me, time is like a deadline or a calling. Telling me to use my time wisely and that I only have a sacred amount of time seems to me pointless. I personally don’t believe in fate, or ‘happily ever afters’ or even escaping your past and becoming a new person. I believe in hard work, optimism about your future and using the past as a guide through the present.

It all makes sense to me: the way God brought us down to earth to fulfil different roles in life and to use our time as an essence and use our vulnerability to influence the bright (or not so bright) future ahead of us. We can’t control our time, or the time left for us in this world. We can’t control how fast the days go by or how we don’t even notice how the sun rises and sets because of our awareness of the amount of time left of each day.

Time is set, and so it can’t be changed, therefore, we need to use it wisely and perceive the goals and aspirations we want to achieve, before our time runs out. Our time run-

By Carla Estrada

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