World Fishing November 2022

ALASKA CANCELS CRAB SEASONS

Officials have announced the closure of both the Bristol Bay red king crab and Bering Sea snow crab 2022/23 seasons over concerns that populations are edging towards collapse.

In an Advisory Notice, issued on 10 October, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) advised that it and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) had completed analysis of 2022 NMFS trawl survey results for Bristol Bay red king crab.

It was found that the stock is estimated to be below the ADF&G regulatory threshold for opening a fishery and that it would therefore remain closed for the 2022/23 season.

The notice stated that ADF&G appreciated and carefully considered all input from crab industry stakeholders prior to making its decision.

“Understanding crab fishery closures have substantial impacts on harvesters, industry, and communities, ADF&G must balance these impacts with the need for long-term conservation and sustainability of crab stocks. Management of Bristol Bay red king crab must now focus on conservation and rebuilding given the condition of the stock,” ADF&G said.

It continued, “Efforts to advance our science and understanding of crab population dynamics are underway. With crab industry input, ADF&G will continue to evaluate options for rebuilding, including potential for sustainably fishing during periods of low abundance. This will allow ADF&G

While the red king crab harvest has been cancelled for the second successive year, this is the first time the snow crab fishery has been closed

to work on issues related to state and federal comanagement, observer coverage, discard mortality, and fishery viability.”

ADF&G advised that additional information will be made available during the annual ADF&G/Crab Industry meeting, with details of that meeting to be announced shortly.

A very similar Advisory Notice was issued on the same day for the 2022/23 Bering Sea snow crab season.

While the red king crab harvest has been cancelled for the second year in a row, this is the first time the snow crab fishery has been closed.

The closure announcements have generated considerable concern in the industry.

NORWAY LIMITS RUSSIAN FISHING VESSEL ACCESS

Norway has imposed restricted access to its ports for Russian fishing vessels in order to prevent them from circumventing the sanctions placed on Moscow due to the conflict in Ukraine.

“We have closely monitored Russian activity in Norwegian waters and in Norwegian ports to avoid Norway becoming a transit country for transporting goods illegally to Russia,” said Norway’s Foreign Minister Anniken Huitfeldt.

“We now have information that indicates that there is a need to increase controls of Russian fishing vessels.

“Russia is more unpredictable and is searching for new ways to avoid the sanctions regime.”

Russian fishing vessels are only able to call

at Kirkenes and Båtsfjord in the Barents Sea and Tromsø in the Norwegian Sea. Visiting vessels will also be subject to closer customs inspections.

While the main reason for the move was to prevent Russia from circumventing Western sanctions, the decision is also thought to be part of Norway’s increased vigilance of its offshore and coastal oil and gas facilities following four unexplained leaks on the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines in the Baltic Sea, as well as unidentified drone sightings near some of Norway’s offshore platforms.

Norway, which is now Europe’s biggest supplier of gas, has increased security around its energy infrastructure.

8

VIEWPOINT

JASON HOLLAND | Editor | jholland@worldfishing.net

TELLING THE STORY

Like so many big industries – from fashion to automotive, to computers and electronics, and many more besides –food production is facing increasingly close scrutiny, with today’s consumers progressively gravitating towards greener, more sustainable offerings.

Through unprecedented product and brand engagement, the general public are more than ever seeking out foods that are aligned with and which don’t compromise their more informed values on environmental responsibility, sustainability and ethical sourcing. For many, it’s become something of a purchasing precondition that there’s sufficient supply chain evidence of where a food comes from and how it was produced, and also that all the necessary quality, safety and security guarantees are in place.

Because of its inherent interaction with marine environments far and wide, this is particularly the case for seafood. Conscientous consumers want to make informed decisions when buying their fish and supporting brands. Moreover, they don’t want to discover that their purchases are in some way contributing to such actions as illegal fishing, irresponsible fish farming practices or even labour abuse.

In this new consumer landscape, a fish is no longer just a fish. Regardless of whether it comes from a fishing boat or was produced on a farm, it has a story that people want to know – so they can understand exactly what it is that’s being offered in their stores or restaurants, and so they can establish whether or not it measures up to their personal expectations.

In this regard, traceability is a vital tool for seafood business. It’s capable of giving a fish’s full backstory and can thereby instill greater consumer confidence. Traceability also provides the platform through which ventures can ensure all raw materials are fully-identifiable and can be examined up and down the value chain with instantly retrievable information, with production or quality issues quickly resolvable.

Not only will this knowledge and data establish greater trust in their products and capabilities, as this month’s Insight (Follow that fish, pages 12 and 13) documents, it could significantly lift profitability. Added to this, traceability offers a means for the wider seafood category to keep pace with shifting market demands.

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Launched in 1952, World Fishing & Aquaculture is published by Mercator Media, a B2B media and events company specialising in international maritime industries, including marine business and technology, ports and terminals, and environmental strategies.

Through its monthly publication and free access website (www. worldfishing.net), World Fishing & Aquaculture provides expert-written, in-depth coverage of the fisheries, aquaculture and processing sectors, with a strong focus on the emerging solutions, technologies and innovations that are shaping the broader seafood economy’s landscape.

In this new consumer landscape, a fish is no longer just a fish

‘‘

Brim invests in Polar

Icelandic seafood company

Brim hf has entered into an agreement to purchase 50% of the shares in Polar Seafood Denmark A/S from private companies. The DKK 245 million purchase is being made through a newlyestablished Danish holding company that is fully-owned by Brim.

GenoMar opens Brazil centre

International tilapia breeding and distribution company GenoMar Genetics has officially opened its new state-of-the-art Breeding and Genetics Centre in Brazil. The dedicated centre, which took two years to construct, is the first of its kind for tilapia species in the Latin America region.

Kingfish lands US approval

Land-based aquaculture business The Kingfish Company has received approval from the town of Jonesport, Maine, for its Kingfish Maine building permit application. Once fully operational, it will be the largest producer of yellowtail kingfish in the US – providing products for North American retailers and foodservice providers.

First GDST capable software

Three technology vendors and one seafood industry platform have developed the first software products to be verified as capable of fully implementing the Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability (GDST) standards for interoperable digital traceability. The solutions have been independently developed by Mabel Systems, Trace Register, Wholechain, and Pacifical.

NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD QUOTA CUT

In spite of the ongoing sanctions that are in place due to the conflict in Ukraine, Norway and Russia have reached an agreement on joint-fishing opportunities for 2023, with the online negotiations setting a 20% reduction for Northeast Arctic cod, with the new quota in line with scientific recommendations.

Next year’s total quota for Northeast Arctic cod was set at 566,784 tonnes. This will be distributed between Norway, Russia, and third-countries as per the same pattern as in previous years, with Norway’s quota set at 260,782 tonnes.

“It is good that we have concluded a fisheries agreement with Russia, despite the fact that we are in an extraordinary situation. The agreement ensures marine management in the northern areas that is both long-term and sustainable, and in this way, we take care of the world’s largest cod stock and the other species in the Barents Sea,” said Norway’s Fisheries and Oceans Minister Bjørnar Skjæran.

The total quota for haddock has been set at 170,067 tonnes,

8 The total 2023 quota for Northeast Arctic cod has been set at 566,784 tonnes

with Norway share amounting to 84,177 tonnes.

Meanwhile, a 2023 capelin quota of 62,000 tonnes gives Norway a 37,150-tonne share. The total quota for blue halibut in 2023 was set at 25,000 tonnes, with Norway getting 12,735 tonnes.

The two parties also agreed to continue work on a

management plan for prawns. Because Russian scientists are temporarily suspended from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), 2023’s joint stock quota recommendations were drawn up in a bilateral working group between the Institute of Marine Research and the Russian research institute VNIRO. This working group followed the ICES methodology and framework for stock assessment and advice.

ECUADOR ENDS HABITAT CONVERSION

WWF-Ecuador and Ecuador’s National Chamber of Aquaculture (Cámara Nacional de Acuacultura – CNA) have signed a new agreement to halt habitat conversion for shrimp farming. The agreement marks the first national commitment for conversion-free aquaculture by any country.

It will utilise geospatial data generated by Clark Labs to analyse and classify land cover in coastal regions where shrimp farming is most common. Using this research and data, based on scientific-evidence, CNA will be able to set a baseline and repeat this analysis year-overyear to reduce and ultimately end all conversion for shrimp

farming across the country in the near future.

“It is time for a change in the way we produce commodities such as shrimp, in a more environmentally friendly way, particularly respecting mangroves, and not contributing to their degradation. A large sector of the shrimp industry is now committed to moving towards more sustainable production and organisations like WWF are here to help make that happen,” said WWF-Ecuador Country Director Tarsicio Granizo.

Ecuador is home to the largest mangrove forests in the Eastern hemisphere but has seen coastal habitat loss due to conversion for shrimp

farming. Demand for the country’s shrimp has been rising consistently over the last five years, and the nation is currently the world’s largest shrimp exporter.

“The Ecuadorian shrimp sector has been characterised as an industry that cares for the environment and protects the surrounding ecosystems. This agreement will allow us to further strengthen our industry’s commitment to the conservation of ecosystems as valuable as mangrove forests and serve as an example for other industries in Ecuador and worldwide,” said Jose Antonio Camposano, Executive President of the National Aquaculture Chamber of Ecuador.

Self-spreading

self-spreading technology

Spreading force

Longer flow route over the rope

Longer flow route over the rope

More speed = lower pressure

More speed = lower pressure

Shorter flow route under the rope

Less speed = more pressure

More opening during a tow

Maintains gear shape in a turn

Sound waves are directed inwards

Self-spreading technology is patent protected

Canada’s Scout raises millions

Scout has raised USD4 million in a seed funding round, with the money raised to be used to accelerate the Canadian seafood company’s omnichannel brand strategy and operational expansion. The seed round came on the heels of Scout’s B Corp certification, a designation based on a company’s social and environmental performance.

Oregon fishmeal JV opens

A new fishmeal processing facility has been opened in Warrenton, Oregon, to focus on the upcycling of fish trimmings. Located at the Port of Astoria’s Airport Industrial Park and owned by Scoular, Da Yang Seafood and Bornstein Seafoods, it’s the first plant of its kind to open in North America in at least 25 years.

Innovasea launches new platform

US aquaculture technology company Innovasea has introduced new cloudbased aquaculture platform, Realfish Pro, to enable fish farmers to monitor, manage and control operations from anywhere 24/7.

Sustainable tilapia funding

UK-based Ocean 14 Capital has invested €10 million to finance the entirety of a leading producer of sustainable tilapia in Brazil. The investment will allow Tilabras to undertake its growth plan – to expand production, continue its vertical integration and increase employment.

INDUSTRY DEMANDS AN END TO PELAGIC OVERFISHING

Following on from its call for the fishing of Northeast Atlantic pelagic stocks to be brought into line with the latest catch limit advice from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the supply chain group, North Atlantic Pelagic Advocacy Group (NAPA), has joined forces with the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) to urge decision-makers to bring tangible action on the sustainable management of these stocks.

Ahead of the 2022 Coastal States and North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) meetings, the two organisations have written an open letter to fisheries ministers requesting that they rectify the management flaws that they maintain are fueling overfishing in the Northeast Atlantic.

“Overfishing has been happening here, under your watch, since 2014,” they say in the letter. “Consistently fishing pelagic stocks above the scientific advice has the potential to throw this vital ecosystem out of balance –with knock-on impacts for the environment, fishers, consumers and the supply chain.”

In 2019 and 2020, MSC certification was suspended from Northeast Atlantic mackerel, Atlanto-Scandian

herring and blue whiting due to poor governance and inadequate management, say NAPA and MSC.

“These were your warning signs that significant management reforms were needed. It’s now 2022. No concrete steps have been taken to rectify the fundamental management flaws that are fuelling overfishing in the Northeast Atlantic,” the letter continues.

The letter reminds ministers of their commitment to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and urges them to agree to sustainable catch shares, ensure that TAC limits do

not exceed scientific advice, and commit to long-term management strategies and sustainability objectives.

NAPA members, including the Aldi South Group, Young’s Seafood, Labeyrie-Fine-Foods and Woolworths South Africa, have pledged their support.

Together, NAPA and MSC are calling on decision-makers to take the three key actions at the meetings:

5 Agree to sustainable catch shares, whereby all coastal states take their fair share and prioritize resolving allocation issues around the stocks

5 Follow the science so the overall catch for each stock does not exceed ICES’ scientific advice

5 Commit to long-term sustainable management strategies

Their letter ends, “The time has come to choose healthy stocks, healthy fisheries, and healthy politics. We urge you not to walk away from stock management negotiations without a fair, collective agreement.”

ICES has advised the 2023 catch for Northeast Atlantic mackerel should be no more than 782,066 tonnes, the Atlanto-Scandian herring shouldn’t exceed 511,171 tonnes, and blue whiting is limited to 1,359,629 tonnes.

MSC UPGRADES STANDARD

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has launched its new global standard for the sustainable certification of wild-capture fisheries.

The eco-label and certification programme said the release of MSC Fisheries Standard version 3.0 has followed its most extensive review of marine science and fisheries best-practice.

MSC Chief Executive Rupert Howes said the standard’s new requirements will drive progress in sustainable fishing,

helping to address the urgent need to conserve our ocean while also feeding a growing global population.

As well as being streamlined to ensure language is clear and to reduce complexities, the new standard includes a new definition of, and greater protections for, endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species.

It introduces a new policy to increase confidence that shark finning is not taking place within certified fisheries and puts

greater responsibility on certified fisheries to prevent and reduce the impact of lost fishing gear. Furthermore, it sets stronger requirements for effective monitoring and surveillance of fishing operations, particularly those on the high seas, and for international agreements on harvest strategies to safeguard shared fish stocks.

More than 530 fisheries, representing 15% of the global wild marine harvest, are now certified to the MSC Fisheries Standard.

8 NAPA members support the call for fisheries ministers to prioritise sustainable stock management in the Northeast Atlantic

COST OF LOST GEAR REVEALED

Fishing line that could wrap around the Earth 18 times is lost in the world’s oceans every year, according to new research from CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, and the University of Tasmania.

The research estimates that nearly 2% of commercial fishing gear is lost or discarded every year, where it becomes a major component of global marine plastic pollution.

CSIRO’s Dr Denise Hardesty said the study is the most comprehensive examination of quantitative amounts of abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear globally to date.

“We found that 14 billion longline hooks, 25 million pots and traps and almost 740,000 km of fishing longlines end up in our oceans through global commercial fishing activities each year,” Hardesty said.

The research used global fishing effort data and interviews with 450 fishers from seven countries around the world including the United States, Indonesia and Morocco. The surveys looked at five major fishing gear types, how much fishing gear was used and lost annually, and gear and vessel characteristics that could influence losses. In general, more gear was lost from smaller fishing vessels, and bottom

trawl fishers lost more net than midwater trawl fishers.

This more current estimate presents much lower overall approximations of fishing gear lost at sea than estimates from 2019, which quantified annual gear losses based on literature reviews.

To date, empirical information on how much fishing gear is lost to the oceans has been limited. As fishing gear lost at sea has significant economic, environmental and social impacts, this new research will help inform fisheries management and policy interventions from local to global scales.

“The data collected to create these estimates came directly from fishers themselves to inform our understanding of fishing gear losses at source,” said Dr Kelsey Richardson, lead author of the paper,

previously at CSIRO and University of Tasmania.

“There have been increases in global fishing effort, as well as improvements in fishing technologies, including better opportunities to mark, track and recover fishing gears,” Richardson said.

“Our updated estimates help to highlight where efforts need to focus to support fisheries management and gear stewardship interventions to generate targeted solutions to reduce fishing gear ending up in our oceans,” she added.

The research aligns with CSIRO’s Ending Plastic Waste Mission, which has a goal of an 80% reduction in plastic waste entering the environment by 2030.

$20M LIBERIA FISHERIES SUPPORT

The OPEC Fund for International Development has approved a US$20 million loan and a $240,000 complementary technical assistance grant to the Republic of Liberia to cofinance the Sustainable Management of Fisheries Project together with the World Bank.

The project will improve the management of fisheries, making them both more efficient and sustainable. It’s hoped the move will enhance the living conditions of beneficiary communities, creating better incomes and new opportunities for over 55,000 people, including women and children.

Fisheries are one of the main sources of income in Liberia and generate around 10% of the agricultural sector’s production and 3% of the country’s GDP.

The Sustainable Management of Fisheries Project will cover nearly 90% of Liberia’s coastline in the six counties Montserrado, Margibi, Maryland, Grand Bassa, Sinoe and Grand Kru. It is designed to improve the ecosystem of fisheries, promote sustainability, increase the volume of fish landings and create more than 2,000 jobs.

The fisheries project also will help to implement climatesmart technologies and climateresilient business improvements and infrastructure.

OPEC Fund Director-General

Dr Abdulhamid Alkhalifa said the development institution was pleased to partner with the World Bank to support Liberian fisheries, boosting livelihoods and empowering women.

“Ensuring the productivity of fisheries and reducing postharvest losses will not only improve living conditions and reduce economic vulnerability, but also contribute to food security and climate adaptation in Liberia,” he said.

Since being established in 1976, the OPEC Fund for International Development has committed more than $22 billion to development projects in over 125 countries with an estimated total project cost of $187 billion.

BRIEFS

Tuna fleet advances telemeds

More than 400 crew members on 12 Spanish tuna fleet vessels (forming part of the Organisation of Producers of Frozen Tuna –OPAGAC), operating in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans are participating in the second stage of the first pilot project of a fishery worldwide to implement a telemedicine system on board.

Salmon Evolution chief resigns

Norwegian land-based salmon farming company

Salmon Evolution ASA has confirmed that CEO Håkon André Berg has resigned from his position. The board of directors has appointed CFO Trond Håkon SchaugPettersen as interim CEO.

MSC tuna tops 2.4m tonnes

Close to 2.5 million tonnes of tuna is being caught annually that’s certified to the Marine Stewardship Council standard for sustainable fishing, according to new data published by the international non-profit organisation.

Malta chooses VMS provider

The Government of Malta has chosen the vessel monitoring system (VMS) from Spanish technology company Satlink to equip 119 of the vessels in its fishing fleet. The five-year contract, which is partfinanced by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund 2014-2020, will also equip the vessels with satellite transmission services.

8 Fishing gear lost at sea becomes plastic pollution, where it has environmental, economic and social impacts

Photo Credit: Bo Eide

ECUADOR, PERU FISHING BOOST

As part of its efforts to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) has launched Por la Pesca, a new public-private partnership to support artisanal fishing in both Ecuador and Peru.

Por la Pesca is the result of a joint effort between the Walton Family Foundation, which contributed US$12.5 million, and USAID, which provided an initial $5.7 million. The project is seeking to empower and formalise artisanal fishing organisations that fish for flying jumbo squid, mahi-mahi, tuna and octopus in the two countries.

Announcing the project during a visit to Peru to participate in the 52nd General Assembly of the Organisation of American States, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said, “Today I saw first-hand how IUU fishing threatens the health of

our oceans and, as a result, the livelihoods and food security of coastal communities in Peru. It is because of this that the United States is committed to combating IUU fishing globally.

The United States continues to support the ability of coastal countries and their communities to confront IUU fishing.

an approach that balances conservation of marine ecosystems with equitable economic growth and the rights of small-scale fishers.  We call on other countries to actively participate in and support the international community in fighting IUU fishing.”

The NGO Peruvian

mahi-mahi

Pesca’s implementation in alliance with Redes Fishing Sustainability, Pro Delphinus, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Future of Fish, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP), The Nature Conservancy Peru,

8 Por la Pesca is seeking to empow er and formalise artisanal fishing organisations that fish for

BALTIC SEA QUOTAS AGREED

The Council of the European Union has reached an agreement on the fishing opportunities in the Baltic Sea for 2023.

Announcing the agreement following the Fisheries Council meeting in Luxemburg, the European Commission stated that the situation in the Baltic Sea remains difficult, as the sea basin continues to struggle with severe environmental pressures and many challenges to the ecosystems, including the state of the fish stocks.

“In recent years, we have been working together to restore the marine environment and the fish stocks of the Baltic Sea. I am happy that the Council has agreed to follow the Commission’s comprehensive approach to setting fishing opportunities and has followed our proposal for most stocks,” EU Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius said.

Sinkevičius added that the “very responsible decisions” reached by the member states will help bring the Baltic to a “better environmental status”, so that it can once again become a source of living and livelihood

The European Commission has come under fire from the European Peoples’ Party (EPP) Group in the European Parliament for its plan to close 87 fishing areas to all bottom fishing gears below 400 metres in the Northeast Atlantic.

“The Commission has adopted this implementing act at the worst time and in the worst possible way. The text has evident shortcomings. This decision has been taken ignoring the lack of clarity in the Council’s position, the warnings about the presumed illegality due to the absence of an adequate socioeconomic impact assessment, as required by the Common Fisheries Policy, and the failure to distinguish between the different impacts of the fishing gears. The European Commission must not endanger fishers’ livelihoods,” said Gabriel Mato MEP, EPP Group Spokesman in the European Parliament’s

for our fishermen and women.

Under the new agreement, the current fishing opportunities for several stocks will be carried over into 2023, including western and eastern cod (489 tonnes, and 595 tonnes respectively), western herring (788 tonnes), main basin salmon (63,811 tonnes), and Gulf of Finland salmon (9,455 tonnes).

The Council also agreed to continue additional recovery management measures, such as limiting fishing to unavoidable by-catches for the two cod stocks, main basin salmon and western herring, as well as maintained spawning closures and limitations on recreational fisheries for Baltic cod and salmon in some areas.

Increases were agreed for central herring (up 32% to 70,822 tonnes), and there were total allowable catch (TAC) reductions for sprats (224,114 tonnes, down 11%), Bothnian herring (80,047 tonnes, down 28%), and Riga herring (45,643 tonnes, down 4%).

There is also an in-year amendment of the fishing opportunities in the Atlantic for southern hake. In line with revised scientific advice and as proposed by the Commission, the EU quota has been increased to 14,096 tonnes to allow fishers to profit this year from an improved stock situation.

BOTTOM TRAWLERS

‘ENDANGERED’

Fisheries Committee.

“In addition, there has not been sufficient consultation of the fishing sector, scientists and public administrations and the scientific data used is outdated. Therefore, there are both formal and substantive defects in this implementing act. That is why I am asking the European Commission to suspend the measure until the most updated data is taken into account and to revise the Regulation accordingly.”

According to the EPP, the ban will have a big impact on the Spanish fleet but will also affect the fishing sectors of France, Ireland and Portugal, putting thousands of jobs at risk.

Meanwhile, the European Bottom Fishing Alliance (EBFA),

which represents more than 20,000 fishermen and 7,000 European vessels, has met with the EU Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius to explain the consequence of the 87 area closures.

EBFA told Sinkevičius that while it supports the protection of vulnerable ecosystems, the Commission has prohibited fishing in a total area three times larger than necessary, with fishing prohibited in 16,419 km2 to protect 5,237 km2.

It advised that the move threatens more than 10,000 fishers.

EU bottom trawling accounts for more than 1 million tonnes of fish caught each year, or 25% of the bloc’s total catch.

SalMar replaces departing CEO

Linda Aase has stepped down as CEO of SalMar ASA. In her place, the board of directors has appointed Frode Arntsen, who has been a part of the Frøya, Norway-headquartered salmon farming company since 2017 as COO for Sales and Industry.

Scots aquaculture funding call

The Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) is making more than £500,000 available to help Scottish aquaculture weather the current cost of living crisis. The funding will be split between project proposals that help future-proof the sector and support its sustainable growth.

Barramundi names new chief

Barramundi Group has appopinted James Kwan as chief executive officer with effect from 1 January 2023. Kwan takes over from Andreas von Scholten who has led the Singaporebased company since November 2019.

Norway sets export record

Norway exported NOK 109 billion worth of seafood products to overseas markets in the first nine months of this year, with this new value record representing growth of 29% or NOK 24.3 billion compared with the corresponding period of 2021. Within this period, the country recorded its largest ever trade for any quarter of NOK 39 billion in Q3.

8 The small Baltic Sea fishing port of Boltenhagen

INSIGHT

The future of fishing

FOLLOW THAT FISH

Better traceability can make seafood more profitable, claims a new industry report.

Investing just 1% of sales in traceability could increase the seafood industry’s profitability by 60% to a total US$122 billion, according to a new report compiled by non-profit financial think tank firm Planet Tracker.

The analysis, entitled ‘How to trace $600 billion’, determines that untraceable seafood, i.e., where in-depth details of a product’s history across the supply chain are not known, is costing the industry billions in food recalls, waste and also staffing to deal with problems.

Calculating that only 29% of global production is currently “traceability-ready”, the report explores whether 100% sea-to-plate traceable seafood is viable and what it would take to achieve. It defines traceability-ready as fish that is harvested in a way that makes it at least acceptable for those enterprises responsible to be associated with its production, as well as being caught or farmed in an area where the challenges of implementing a traceability solution can be overcome.

It finds that traceability-readiness varies by region

and is lowest in Asia, where the majority of seafood production occurs.

Delivering the study, François Mosnier, Head of Oceans Programme at Planet Tracker, stated that a low average profit margin exists across the seafood supply chain, and that this means the main driver of end-prices is the cost of production.

Cutting down on even a few areas of unnecessary expenditure, which can be identified through improved traceability, can thus result in significant profit boosts, Mosnier said.

“Just a 1% investment could unlock a $600 billion boost in global seafood enterprise valuations. What’s more, our methodology for calculating potential savings was incredibly conservative the true potential boost to global profits could in reality be much bigger.”

As such, it’s not just the companies, but the financial institutions backing them that should be demanding change, he said.

8 Planet Tracker has calculated that just 29% of global production is currently “traceability-ready”

Revenue building

Planet Tracker estimates the global seafood supply chain revenue to be worth $1.8 trillion annually. This figure, which is equivalent to 2% of global GDP, incorporates everything from fishing and aquaculture to restaurants and retail via wholesale and processing.

Explaining the numbers and why Planet Tracker’s value is much higher than others conveyed for the seafood industry, such as Rabobank’s recently reported $164 billion estimate for the total global seafood trade, Mosnier told WF that a key difference is that it doesn’t derive sales numbers by adding revenue from each corporate, but by starting from total volume numbers (including illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing IUU) in order to include every fish. It even includes informal transactions such as the sale made by a local fisher to a local market.

‘‘

François Mosnier, Planet Tracker

He acknowledges that some “double-counting” is therefore included in the analysis, because the same fish changes hands several times, such as from a fisher to a restaurant, and that every time that fish is sold, a revenue is generated.

In this regard, it assumes 80% of wild catch and farmed volumes are processed in some way. It then uses average prices at each stage, using implied prices realised at different companies to derive revenue. For example, Thai Union realises a price of circa $4 per kg on its ambient seafood business.

Mosnier also highlighted that out of the $1.8 trillion, fishing’s total revenue is only $185 billion, and aquaculture’s is $273 billion.

The estimate of global supply chain profitability, meanwhile, averages 3.6%. Planet Tracker calculated this by using a basket of representative companies at each stage of the supply chain and the taking the average of their margins. It puts current total profit at $76 billion.

With regards to achieving an additional $600 billion in revenues from traceability, he explained that this number was derived based on the increase in profit coming from traceability implementation, assuming that valuation multiples would stay constant.

Using the example of 5kg farmed salmon, Mosnier said that from the perspective of the processor and under the report’s assumptions, traceability would add about 1% in price premium to each fish and would also allow the company to sell 0.5% more of them as a result of increased customer confidence, quality and company reputation.

“But most of the value lies in the reduction in costs linked to the sale of that salmon, not an increase in revenue: lower product recalls, spoilage, waste, loss rate, packaging waste, staff overtime, audits, etc,” he said.

Incentivising change

With regards to increasing traceability levels, Planet Tracker has identified that traceability-readiness is correlated to income levels. As such, it believes efforts dedicated to improving income levels could be effective ways to reduce some of the obstacles to traceability readiness in many parts of the world, including incentives to fish illegally or high corruption levels.

However, the report acknowledges that the “elephant in the traceability room” is that a very significant proportion

of the current seafood production cannot realistically be traceable without a change in the conditions in which it is produced, due to an absence of incentives to become traceable. This, it states, is mainly the case for IUU fish, with harvesters of IUU fish and the supply chains that depend on them having no incentives for this fish to be traceable.

This is estimated to represent around 20% of the world’s seafood production.

Another pattern is that traceability-ready is around seven times greater in high income countries than in low-income countries. There are exceptions, though, and this is where the sustainability of the fish produced particularly matters, it states, giving the example that more non-traceability-ready fish is produced in the UK than traceability-ready.

This is because the average environmental sustainability score of Atlantic salmon aquaculture in Scotland was just below the level that Planet Tracker defined as constituting an incentive to be traceable.

It deems the top 10 producing countries with the highest proportion of traceability-ready fish to be Argentina, Cook Islands, Cyprus, Finland, Grenada, Kiribati, Lithuania, Micronesia, Nauru and Tuvalu, while the leading traceability-ready species are Nile tilapia, anchoveta and Alaska pollock.

According to the model, 280 species of seafood are 100% traceability-ready. Out of these, 15 have global production volumes of 100,000 tonnes or more.

Increasing engagement

Planet Tracker also calculates that to ensure all of the traceability-ready seafood production that’s not yet traceable becomes so would require a total investment of $21 billion. This, it reckons, would generate a net earnings uplift of $46 billion.

It also advises that most of the investment necessary would be needed at the end of the supply chain, namely the retail and foodservice sectors. This is due to the very high number of companies operating in these segments.

The report further identifies that seafood companies are at varying degrees of traceability-readiness, and with regards to their willingness to implement traceability. To unlock the 60% increase in profits, it urges companies to ask six key questions:

1. What traceability systems are currently in place at the company?

2. What is their scope, precision, breadth and depth?

3. How interoperable are the company’s traceability systems with those of suppliers and clients? And do they use Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability (GDST) standards?

4. What prevents the company from implementing robust traceability solutions on 100% of its products?

5. What would be the investment, costs and benefits to become 100% traceable?

6. How can investors and lenders support the transition towards being 100% traceable?

7. It explains that the sixth question builds on the everincreasing interest for sustainability-linked loans and bonds in the financial markets.

Planet Tracker therefore suggests that companies make time-bound commitments to achieve a certain level of traceability e.g., “by 2025, 95% of the seafood we sell in volume terms will be traceable from farm/fishing vessel to plate” and use this as a KPI on which to issue a linked loan or bond.

Furthermore, it adds that governments can help by relocating harmful subsidies towards traceability investments and by introducing comprehensive traceability-related regulations.

Just a 1% investment could unlock a $600 billion boost in global seafood enterprise valuations

NEWHORIZONS

Focusing on Fisheries Development

NEW PROTEINS ON THE TABLE

Aquaculture feeds made with novel proteins are gradually gaining traction, but obstacles are preventing their widespread utilisation, writes Vladislav Vorotnikov

Soybeans and fishmeal have helped make aquaculture a global force to be reckoned with, but it now looks like the industry has arrived at the point where it needs to increase the uptake of new, more diversified feed ingredients.

Aquatic food production is set to continue to grow at a remarkable pace over the next few years, with the total global volume projected to reach 109 million tonnes by 2030, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The FAO also maintains that despite lower growth rates compared with the previous decade, aquaculture will remain one of the fastest-growing animal-food production sectors.

Most analysts are confident that it’s virtually impossible to sustain this growth using only the protein sources utilised today, and that there’s a rising need for new feed components. That said, not all protein sources need to be replaced. Afterall, modern fish feeds comprise a broad range of components some plant-based, such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal or rapeseed meal; and some animal-based, including bone and poultry meal. Meanwhile, many feed producers have long targeted the replacement fishmeal amid the trend of steady price rises.

Audun Lem, Deputy Director of the FAO’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, believes it’s the competition for cost reduction amongst fish feed producers that’s pushing them to seek cheaper alternatives.

“The driving factor [to seek alternative feeding solutions] is by the aquafeed companies, not really the fish farmers. Fish farmers use available feed sources to feed their aquatic animals. For example, grass carp eat grasses, but now they are fed with pellet feeds for better efficiency,” he told WF

Fish farmers are not directly interested in introducing novel protein sources into feeds, agreed Javier Ojeda, General Secretary of the European Federation of Aquaculture Producers (FEAP). However, fish feed manufacturers must comply with a growing list of requirements.

“All that fish farmers request is the feeds are sourced

in a responsible way, they have an affordable price, and provide health and nutritional value to the fish,” Ojeda said.

Public scrutiny

There is, however, much more behind the efforts to introduce novel proteins than that. “The driving factors [for the novel protein introduction] mainly come from public concerns, as both soybean and fishmeal are good for human consumption,” Lem said, adding that the environmental agenda remains rather troublesome for the fish farming sector due to a lot of controversial information in this area.

“Many reports made by NGOs do not reflect the truth, but [have still] put pressure on the sector,” he said.

Lem cited protests in Senegal as an example of unjustified pressure. In 2019, Greenpeace reported that local ecologists had protested against further expansion of fishmeal production capacities in the country. A group led by female processors subsequently asked the Senegalese government to stop authorising new fishmeal and fish oil factories and to stop existing factories from using fresh fish that the population could have eaten instead.

Greenpeace reported that for a country like Senegal, whose second largest sector is fisheries providing more than 600,000 jobs, it’s essential to ensure the sustainable management of fisheries resources, as fish covered about 70% of the animal protein needs of the population.

In addition to economic and environmental aspects, several other factors drive feed companies to explore alternatives.

“The major technology intervention is to look for nutrient ingredients instead of soybean or fish,” Lem said. “Diversified aquatic food production, both fed and non-fed aquaculture under the aquatic ecosystem approach aims for environmental and human society sustainability.”

Gas conversion

Thanks to interventions from academia and research, the list of alternative protein sources suggested as potential replacements for fishmeal and soybean meal has become

8 Modern fish feeds comprise a broad range of plant- and animalbased component ingredients

is quite lengthy, but still only a handful have come close to commercial application.

One concept that has caught the attention of investors in Europe is gas-to-protein solutions. Among those working in this space, Sevastopol-based company Metanica recently developed a new generation of inactivated protein biomass of methane under the brand name Metaprin. The company considers fish feed to be one of the key sales markets for its products.

“Fishmeal is the main competitor to Metaprin. However, Metaprin is superior in terms of protein, amino acids, vitamins and microelements content. It has sustainable quality. Its production and composition characteristics

‘‘

The major technology intervention

nutrient ingredients instead of soybean or fish

Audun Lem, FAO

do not depend on weather conditions and the time of year, and it is more convenient for livestock workers,” said Metaprin’s Development Director Nikolay Kutafin.

Danish firm Unibio, meanwhile, has developed technology enabling natural gas to be converted into a single-cell protein UniProtein to be further used in feeds.

However, studies on the use of bacterial biomass in feeding commercial fish species remain rare, and the available data is still too insufficient to justify mass use.

On the fly

Insect meal is another promising protein alternative to fishmeal production and it’s also much better researched. Most studies to date have focused on the potential of larvae meal from black soldier fly (BSF – Hermetia illucens), with the indication that its nutritional content is similar to that of fishmeal and that it could replace conventional protein sources in fish feeds.

In a 2017 study, the Indonesian Institute of Ornamental Fish Culture showed BSF larvae has potential as an alternative source of protein in fish feed, with the researchers stating that the utilisation of maggot flour is

expected to reduce fish farmers’ dependence on protein from fishmeal and soybean flour.

As well as evidencing that maggot flour can replace fishmeal by 50-100%, they determined that the ability of maggots to decompose organic waste as a breeding medium and their high tolerance to climate variations in tropical environments makes the ingredient well-placed for mass-production.

Several other studies have identified that BSF larvae help not only improve supply chain sustainability in the fish farming industry but also enhance feed conversion ratios and secure better business profitability.

More recently in September this year French insect protein start-up InnovaFeed reported it had raised US$250 million to scale up the production of BSF meal. The company already operates two vertical insect farms in France. These sites use BSF larvae to produce proteins and oils for animal and plant feeds.

A third facility is in the works, and the company plans to build 10 more by 2030.

It’s certainly not alone. Several other companies are working on establishing BSF plants in Europe and Asia in the coming decade.

Microalgae development

The list of insect meal options also includes the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the common housefly (Musca domestica), tropical house cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), Turkestan cockroach (Blatta lateralis), the domestic silk moth (Bombyx mori), and several other insects. But so far, all of these options have been studied to a lesser extent than BSF and enjoy limited interest from potential investors.

It’s also widely believed that microalgae could be the next big thing in the global fish feed industry. Indeed, with raw protein contents of up to 65%, the odds look promising. Algae, including seaweeds and microalgae, already contribute nearly 30% of world aquaculture production (measured in wet weight). However, potential investors have so far failed to locate commercially viable technologies for microalgae production.

Currently, the average price of microalgae from the most successful projects range between $10 and $15 per kg, which is well beyond the price of soybean meal and other protein components.

8

Investors have struggled to find cost-effective algae producers

is to look for

Photo credit: Swansea University

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WATERDANCE’S NEW GENERATION CRABBER

Completion of Winter of Ladram follows on from the delivery of netter Amanda of Ladram, also built at Parkol, and the Luyt-built beamer Georgina of Ladram and crabber Nichola of Ladram in recent years.

The new vessel bears many of the hallmarks of the thinking that went into netter Amanda of Ladram with a very similar hull design and a bulk and size that is something new for a UK crabbing vessel. At 21 metres overall and with a 7.8-metre beam, Winter of Ladram has a full shelterdeck with enough space under cover for the crew to work in comfort, and for gear to be stacked.

With a large rope pound forward, this means that it’s unlikely that there will be a need to routinely stack gear on top of the shelterdeck, making the process of switching grounds easier and safer.

Steel construction

Constructed in steel at the Parkol yard, Winter of Ladram has a wheelhouse, superstructure and the non-weather tight shelterdeck built in aluminium.

Below the main deck, Winter of Ladram is subdivided with four watertight bulkheads separating the accommodation and steering gear aft, the engine room, a substantial vivier and a hold with 9 cubic metres of bait storage capacity in two refrigerated lockers and forepeak.

At main deck level there are roomy mess and galley areas, a washroom, toilets and showers, and a skipper’s cabin.

The forward section is taken up with the working deck with its shelterdeck that has an almost 3-metre height, with a hauling position forward with the hauler placed behind a hydraulically-operated hatch, a handling table and seats for the crew nicking crabs.

Catches are dispatched down chutes to the vivier below, which sub-divided to separate catch by species. The 50,000-litre capacity vivier has been designed so that when it is pumped out, it leaves the vessel with a starboard list to assist discharging.

Considered propulsion

There’s an all-Volvo setup in the engine room, with a D16C-D MH main engine driving a four-bladed Michigan Marine Propulsion Int propeller via a Reintjes reduction gear. The two gensets are Volvo Penta D5TA-B TA units. The hydraulic steering system is from Wills Ridley and Kort Propulson supplied the Kort KT90 Bow Thruster with dual wheelhouse controls.

Hydraulic systems and electrical control equipment are from Hercules Hydraulics and the refrigeration and air conditioning systems on board are from SPX refrigeration & Engineering Services.

Winter of Ladram’s wheelhouse is arranged with the control position on the starboard side, providing the skipper with a view of the forward hauling position, and arranged for access to the twin radars, plotters and sounders. A seating area on the port side of the wheelhouse is set around a table with a computer and plotter screen.

Winter of Ladram is built to operate with a crew of up to eight, and is skippered by Richard Carroll, who switched to the new vessel from Nichola of Ladram

8 There is an almost 3-metre height under Winter of Ladram’s shelterdeck

English fishing company has continued the renewal of its fleet with a new crabber built at Parkol Marine Engineering in Whitby

8 Winter of Ladram leaving Whitby to steam home to Devon. The new crabber operates mainly from Salcombe

Photo credit: Parkol Marine Engineering Photo credit: Kim Hansen

VERSATILE COMBI FOR NORWAY

Its

The

As well as handling the

Energy focus

There’s a lot of technology packed into Monsun’s 36 metres, including a sophisticated energy management arrangement designed for operational economy and reliability. The main engine is a 736kW ABC 6DZC, driving a 3,600mm diameter K690 propeller via a HG6, 1,000/130 rpm reduction gear, both supplied by Nogva Heimdal. The main gear is fitted with a pair of declutchable PTOs which are the primary power source for the hydraulic system.

The thinking is that during fishing, with the hydraulic system in constant use, one of the PTOs and pumps remains engaged, while when the full winch power is required, there is not a heavy demand for energy to the propeller. This allows the main engine to serve as the main power source for the deck and propulsion.

Delivered by the Karstensen yard in Skagen, new trawler/seiner Monsun has been built for Setho Fiskeriselskap AS

8 Versatile trawler/ seiner Monsun has been delivered by Karstensen to its Norwegian owners

Fishing company Setho Fiskeriselskap is run by brothers Thor Gunnar and Thomas Martinsen, along with Severin Reinartsen, Svein Arne Lunde and Piraja AS, all from Flekkerøy in Norway.

new 36.69-metre by 9.5-metre beam Monsun is designed to alternate seine netting for groundfish with multi-rig trawling for demersal species, while also having options for pelagic trawling.

owners went to the yard in 2019, with the contract for the new vessel signed in October that year, weeks before the pandemic hit.

build, Karstensen also designed Monsun While the construction saw some delays due to Covid-19, Monsun was delivered to its owners at the end of August.

8 Monsun’s deck is laid out with four trawl and two seine winches

Alongside this, one of the two identical 125kWe John Deere WDJ140 provides energy for the vessel’s other systems. Monsun’s electrical system is designed parallel operation of both generators, and there is a power management system which manages power consumption and automatic start-up of the diesel generators.

Flexible handling

Thyborøn Skibs og Motor supplied the deck equipment, with four 22-tonne S-110 trawl winches and a pair of 27-tonne SW-110 seine winches. Seine and trawl gear is held on the pair of 12-tonne SN-109 net drums. The deck package also includes an 11.50-tonne codend winch, 4-tonne auxiliary winches and hydraulic power packs with Rexroth variable pumps mounted in the PTO and a 45kW electro-hydraulic pump unit. TMP supplied the 1300K deck crane.

The catch handling setup centres around a processing deck fitted by BoaTech, with KM Fish Machinery gutting machines, a Carsoe/Intech shrimp processing setup with a Connie 800 cooker and a pair of Buus SE-4500 icemakers.

For pelagic work, there is a 250kW/215,000kCal/h PTG FrioNordica RSW system and an Önnereds Svets vacuum system with a 2,800-litre tank.

Wheelhouse tech

Monsun’s wheelhouse is laid out with 360° visibility and a pair of NorSap 1600 Comfort chairs facing the bank of five 43-inch Neovon monitors, with a KS Elektro screen selector system to call up and arrange the display from the various feeds.

A further nine 24-incn Neovon monitors are placed around the wheelhouse.

The fishfinders are Simrad SY-50 omnidirectional sonar and Simrad ES-70 and Furuno DFF-3 echo sounders, as well as a WASSP 3D set, and a Scanmar setup monitors the fishing gear. Plotters are MaxSea Time Zero and Olex sets, plus a pair of Tecdis ECDIS installations.

The autopilot is an AP70 mkII from Simrad and the radars are Furuno FAR-2218 and DRS-6A units, and the satellite compass is a JLR-21 from JRC. Sailor supplied the communications package, with a 6310 SSB set, a pair of 6222 DSC sets and a Sailor-900 V-sat system. Monsun’s electronics are supplied and installed by KS Elektro

8 The wheelhouse electronics are displayed on a bank of five 43-inch monitors

PLUTOS PERFORM FOR SMALL-SCALE FISHING

A number of trawlers at the smaller end of the scale in the UK, Iceland and elsewhere are using the plastic Pluto doors. They are also being tried out in France, Spain and Ireland, with manufacturer MarEco reporting healthy interest.

The door business has traditionally focused its development energies on the larger side of the market, but MarEco has taken an opposite strategy in developing these innovative doors specifically for fishing vessels under 20 metres, and those so far using them successfully are well below that size.

A significant fleet of small-scale trawlers along the coast of southern England uses doors made from steel by a variety of producers, or still uses the highly-traditional, low-efficiency wooden doors that have hardly changed for a century.

When Brixham skipper Darren Passmore was offered the chance to try out a 1.1-square metre pair of these new doors, his first instinct was that they wouldn’t be on board his 12-metre Resolute for long but he soon changed his mind.

“I thought, this isn’t going to work. But I’ve been very impressed,” he said.

“There were some teething problems, but after the first few hauls, we had it nailed. I can’t fault them.”

Fuel efficient

A few nights of fishing were spent tuning the doors to sit just as Passmore wanted them. A modified towing plate also provided more adjustment options, and Resolute’s doors were soon sitting comfortably where he wants them and can easily be adjusted for different depths to tow the triple-rig summer sole gear.

He commented that while these lightweight doors spread effectively and handle well, the drop in Resolute’s fuel consumption is a further very welcome factor.

“I’d say we’re towing with 100 to 120 revs less than with the big doors against the tide,” he said. In fuel terms, this difference is as much as 30%.

“There’s nothing to them. Shoot them away and they just spread as soon as they fill with water. Even at tickover, they square right away. With the usual doors, you can feel the pull on the banks. But these barely pull at all,” he said, adding that the minimal ground contact makes a significant difference, plus there is the question of maintenance. Apart from the shoes, nothing wears.

“We’ve had them on the banks, on hard ground, in the mud, everywhere. They’ve been on the rocks and ledges and they haven’t let us down. I didn’t realise how tough they would turn out to be.”

Production strategy

Developed by Atli Már Jósafatsson, well known in the fishing industry for his lifelong association with Poly-Ice and later Polar doors, the Pluto doors both meet a need for

efficient small-scale doors, while also being recyclable as well as made from recyclable material.

So far, the roto-moulded Pluto doors have been made in Iceland by Borgarplast, while the plan is to produce them in India, China, Spain, South America, Africa and other locations, placing production close to target markets and the new MarEco company and brand name have been established specifically for these doors.

“So far we have been producing doors that are made using 50% plastic material recycled from fishing gear and are aiming to increase the proportion to 80% recycled material,” Jósafatsson said.

“There has been overwhelming interest in the possibilities they offer in terms of efficiency and environmentally-friendly fishing,” he said.

Back in Brixham, Passmore is looking forward to switching over from his summer triple-rig gear to the longbridle single rig he uses through the winter.

“We’ve come so far with these that we’ll definitely persist with them on the long gear,” he said. “I’m very happy with them. These look to be the way forward for the under 12-metre fleet and I’m not planning to take them off any time soon.’

8 Brixham inshore trawler Resolute has been fishing since the summer with MarEco Pluto doors, and skipper Darren Passmore has no plans to put them ashore

I thought, this isn’t going to work. But I’ve been very impressed

Darren Passmore, Resolute

‘‘

SUPPORTING LOBSTER FISHERY TECH

The Government of Canada and Province of Nova Scotia are supporting the development of on-board handling and holding technologies for lobster fishery with funding to the Maritime Fishermen’s Union Inc’s (MFU) Nova Scotia members through the Atlantic Fisheries Fund (AFF)

“The quality of Nova Scotia lobster is known worldwide, and that’s why the product remains in such high demand,” said Joyce Murray, Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard.

“The Atlantic Fisheries Fund supports innovative ways to harvest, process and deliver local high-quality, sustainably sourced fish and seafood. The funding announced today builds the region’s international reputation for unmatched quality and supports new handling and holding technologies aboard vessels when the product is at its peak of freshness.”

This funding will help the lobster fishery in the Southeastern Northumberland Strait (MFU Local 4), Eastern Cape Breton (MFU Local 6) and Southwest Nova Scotia (MFU Local 9) improve the quality of lobster being marketed, the efficiency of fishing activities, and the onboard safety of crew.

Live-well systems, which measure water quality, will be installed or upgraded on vessels. MFU members will be in a position to deliver a better and more consistent quality lobster product from the ocean to consumers. The funding will also provide crew members with canopy extensions to create more shade, lobster sorting tables, and automatic lobster banders.

“Nova Scotia has built a global reputation for top quality seafood not by luck, but through the hard work of many in the sector, beginning with fish harvesters,” said Steve Craig, Nova Scotia’s Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture.

“By focusing on maintaining the quality of the products that come from our waters, the Maritime Fishermen’s Union is also helping maintain that global reputation, which opens new doors for Nova Scotia companies every day.”

The adoption of new and upgraded technologies by the MFU members is expected to benefit local and regional economies now and in the future. The contribution comes

from the $400 million Atlantic Fisheries Fund, jointly funded by the federal and provincial governments, and focuses on increasing opportunities and market value for sustainably sourced, high-quality fish and seafood products from Atlantic Canada.

The Atlantic Fisheries Fund is in its fifth year and will continue to invest in projects over the seven-year life of the programme.

“We are pleased to be able to offer this funding help to our members. We will work diligently with the funders and our membership to ensure that every NS member has access to the funds in order to improve lobster quality,” said Gordon Beaton, Maritime Fishermen’s Union Inc’s Nova Scotia vice-president.

Disappointingly successful seabed clean-up

The seabed clean-up operation run every year by Norway’s Directorate of Fisheries has been disappointingly successful this year, according to the Directorate’s adviser Gjermund Langedal who manages the initiative

This year pelagic vessel Vikingbank was brought in for the clean-up operation and the 64-metre vessel had to dock early to offload the volume of lost gear that had been picked up, including a large quantity of discarded seine rope.

This year’s effort did not concentrate on lost gear that had been marked, instead focusing on fishermen’s reports of locations where they suspected lost gear was interfering with other fisheries.

“Much of the seine rope has been retrieved is entangled with lines or nets. This is unfortunate, and contributes to increased ghost fishing,” Langedal said.

“There has also been a significant amount of trawl wire. This is being offloaded part-way through the trip, along with a number of traps which take up a great deal of space.”

The later stage of the operation took Vikingbank to the Greenland halibut grounds, where recovered nets have been either returned to their owners or sent for recycling by Nofir.

8 Vikingbank docked partway through this year’s seabed clean-up to offload retrieved fishing gear

8 Steve Craig, Nova Scotia Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Gordon Beaton, Nova Scotia Vice President, Maritime Fishermen’s Union Inc. and Sean Fraser, Minister of Refugees, Citizenship and Immigration and Member of Parliament for Central Nova

EUROPE’S PERFECT STORM

EU fleet margins are expected to deteriorate to levels that will eradicate profitability, writes Jason Holland

With EU fisheries struggling to maintain profits this year due to the sharp increase in energy costs and inflation, the region’s fishing fleet could end 2022 in a loss-making position. That’s the headline projection from the new ‘2022 Annual Economic Report on the EU Fishing Fleet’, compiled by the European Commission’s Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF).

STECF’s nowcast results for 2022 indicate a drop in landed weight of 17% compared to 2020 (the analysis’ main reported year), accompanied by higher average prices (+20% compared to 2020). This reflects an 1.6% decrease in the total value of landings for the entire EU fleet.

While revenues are expected to be similar to 2020, they are accompanied by a 175% increase in fuel costs, with the report stating, “The EU fleet as a whole is expected to reduce severely the profitability in gross and net terms, with negative margins in both, for the first time in the last 10 years.”

It adds that these negative results are mainly being driven by the large-scale fleet (LSF) and distant-water fleet (DWF), while the small-scale coastal fleet (SSCF) is expected to be less impacted given its lower fuel intensity.

The report confirms Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine has led to the significantly increased fuel prices, which this July had had risen to almost double those of 2021, bringing a surge in operational costs.

Declining profits

Looking back at 2020 when the sector was impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit, the analysis finds that both the LSF and SSCF fleets remained in overall profit, despite a decrease in gross profit margin.

That year, the EU fishing fleet totalled 73,716 vessels, with a combined gross tonnage of 1.3 million and engine power of 5.26 million kW.

Based on data submitted by member states, there were 56,111 active vessels, offering direct employment to 124,636 fishers. This corresponded to the equivalent full time employment level of 82,272; on average earning

€25,654 in annual wages.

Of those active, 76% were SSCF vessels, 23.7% were part of the LSF and less than 0.4% were DWF. Meanwhile, the fishing fleet’s capacity continued its steady decrease falling 1% in number, 2.2% in engine power and 2.3% in gross tonnage compared to 2019.

Greece maintained the largest fleet within the EU with 19% of the total number of vessels, followed by Italy (16.2%) and Spain (12.1%). Belgium, with 67 vessels (63 of which were active in 2020), had the EU’s smallest fleet.

Waning catch value

Overall, the EU fleet spent 5.3 million days-at-sea and consumed 1.9 billion litres of fuel to land 3.9 million tonnes of seafood with a reported worth of €5.8 billion a value decrease of 12.5% compared with the previous year. The catch volume fell 2.7% year-on-year.

The Spanish fleet accounted for 27.3% of the total value landed during the year (2% in weight), followed by France (20% in value, 12% in weight), Italy (11.3% in value and 3.5% in weight) and Denmark (7.8% in value and 20.8% in weight).

At 556,113 tonnes, Atlantic herring continued to be the most landed species, followed by sprats (399,903 tonnes) and blue whiting (299,426 tonnes), while hake at €321 million, was the top species landed in value.

The fleet’s gross value added (GVA) and gross profit (all excluding subsidies and fishing rights) were estimated at €3.3 billion and €1.16 billion, respectively. With a total net profit of almost €400 million in 2020, 7.2% of the revenue was retained as profit.

STECF advises that overall, the EU fishing fleet was profitable but that its performance reduced slightly when compared to 2019, while four out of the 22 member states evaluated, generated net losses, namely: Cyprus, Finland, Germany and Estonia. The latter was the only addition to the list of non-profit making countries from 2019.

The EU fishing fleet was estimated to have a replacement value of €736 million (+3.8% compared to 2019), while inyear investments amounted to over €527 million (+19%).

8 A Gdynia Orlowo fishing boat

Photo credit: Patryk Kosmider

SEAFOOD TRADE REACHES NEW HEIGHTS

Post-pandemic commerce rebounds strongly but slowdowns emerge

The value of the global seafood trade increased to new levels in 2021 and the trend is expected to continue through this year as the world recovers from the Covid-19 pandemic, according to the findings of a new report compiled by Dutch multinational banking and financial services provider Rabobank.

Its analysis, entitled ‘Global Seafood Trade: The Decade’s Winners Grow in Influence’, confirms that fish is one of the world’s most traded food commodities, with demand expected to increase by another 15% in the next decade. It also determines that seafood is the most traded animal protein with a commerce value that’s 3.6 times the size of beef, five times that of pork, and eight times the size of the global poultry trade.

In 2021, the value of the global seafood trade grew by US$13 billion, reaching a new peak of more than $164 billion, Rabobank reports, adding that “premium aquaculture” in particular farmed salmon and shrimp has been “the decade’s winner”.

US to normalise Rabobank’s analysis finds that the major seafood markets of the United States and Europe have fully recovered from the health crisis and that China’s imports are gradually returning to pre-pandemic levels.

The United States is now the world’s fastest-growing market for seafood imports, with 2021’s commerce valued at $28 billion. This demand, Rabobank said, is being driven by health- sustainability-conscious consumers, particularly among millennials and baby boomers.

“Seafood trade in the US recovered more than expected in 2021 due to a combination of sustained at-home consumption and strong foodservice recovery,” said Novel Sharma, Analyst Seafood at Rabobank. “These factors led to peak imports for many species and an increase in import market share of high-value species. We expect long-term seafood demand to continue rising in the US.”

In the shorter-term, though, Rabobank believes the import value will fall from last year’s peak and normalise over the course of the next two or three years. This will primarily be due to the looming recessionary environment

and high inflation, with high prices to alienate some consumers, it said.

However, it also expects consumers to pivot more to retail channels, thereby compensating for declines in foodservice.

Sharma also advises that the Chinese market, which is increasingly reliant on imports, will continue to be impacted by Covid restrictions in the short-term but that these measures are only likely to be temporary, and so imports should return to normal levels in the longer term.

In 2021, the country’ imports amounted to 2 million tonnes worth $17 billion, which was the second-highest volume and third-highest value recorded globally.

Production issues

With regards to species and the “decade’s winners”, Rabobank learned the overall trade value of farmed salmon fell in 2020 but has since rebounded with consumers continuing to cook more fish at home. Together the EU27 and the United Kingdom were the main consumer of salmon last year, accounting for 41% percent of total imports, while the value of US salmon imports increased by 27%, which was the trade’s highest growth in a decade.

However, Sharma cautioned that salmon’s postpandemic trade value has been fuelled by high prices brought by increasing demand and restricted supply growth and that the expansion of volumes “will be essential for continued growth”.

At the same time, Rabobank believes that shrimp, which is the world’s most traded seafood species, is at an inflection point. In 2021, farmed shrimp commerce was valued at $24 billion, but prices have been falling since the second-quarter of this year, while feed, freight, and energy costs have remained high.

This, the report suggests, is impacting farmer profitability.

“This falling demand is likely to cause a short-term trade decline,” Sharma said. “Still, we do believe in shrimp industry growth. The industry is support by strong, longterm demand, given shrimp’s position as a healthy and convenient seafood product with universal appeal.”

8 The global seafood trade reached a new peak of more than $164 billion last year

ADDRESSING ANTIMICROBIALS

As India draws attention for its use of antimicrobials in shrimp farming, what can aquaculture do to reduce its reliance on these substances, asks Bonnie Waycott

8 India’s annual shrimp production now stands at around 600,000 tonnes

Antimicrobials have been used to control disease for years. Considering their growth-promoting properties, their use has increased substantially in industries including aquaculture, in an effort to achieve better control over disease and enhance productivity.

“Aquaculture has emerged as the fastest growing food animal production sector globally,” said Dr Daniel Schar of the Spatial Epidemiology Lab at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. “In places where the industry is rapidly expanding and disease is prevalent, antimicrobials have

In India, aquaculture has been one of the most important sectors for food production, livelihoods, employment and revenue generation, and the industry has observed tremendous growth over the years. One species that has seen record production is shrimp, with over 9 lakh tonnes produced in the calendar year 2021, according to the All India Shrimp Hatcheries Association. However, with the country’s shrimp farming becoming globally competitive as production intensifies, farmers have been using antimicrobials to boost shrimp health and survival, seeing them as a cheap and easy substitute for investment in better hygiene and sanitation.

Turned away at the border

One study shows that detectable levels of antimicrobials have previously been found in shrimp farmed in major shrimp-producing provinces in India, while their use has resulted in custom agencies denying the entry of shrimp products.

been used to compensate for inadequate husbandry and attempt to manage disease. But antimicrobial use drives the development of antimicrobial resistance with implications for both animal and human health.”

Over the first-quarter of 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refused 23 entry lines of shrimp from India due to antimicrobial contamination, while as recently as August 2022, the FDA again refused entry lines from India, along with Hong Kong and Vietnam.

Antimicrobial resistance is amongst this era’s defining global health challenges

Dr Daniel Schar, Université Libre de Bruxelles

In 2017, India was one of four countries with the largest share of antimicrobial consumption at 11.3%, together with China (57.9%), Indonesia (8.6%) and Vietnam (5%). All are expected to remain the largest consumers in 2030, with India’s share staying unchanged.

Concerns remain that an overuse of antimicrobials could exacerbate the rise of antimicrobial resistance which is already elevated in the aquaculture industry in Asia as well as a build-up of residues.

“Antimicrobial resistance is amongst this era’s defining global health challenges,” said Schar. “The application of antimicrobials in aquaculture provides a potentially wider environmental exposure pathway for drug distribution through aquatic ecosystems.

“Aquaculture settings regularly utilising antimicrobials may serve as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes, providing routes for human and animal exposure to antimicrobial resistant bacteria.”

Making the right moves

Dr Stephen Newman, President and CEO of AquaInTech Inc in the US said that India is home to small farmers who recognise that antimicrobials are a problem due to their heavy dependence on revenue from shrimp exports. He added that such farmers need experts like professional veterinarians to oversee operations and explain how to take control of disease without resorting to antimicrobials. Although India is taking positive steps towards minimising the use of, and limiting access to, antimicrobials, he said, there are many more measures that it can take.

“It could work to exert greater regulatory control, while the penalties for misuse and abuse need to be much stiffer than they currently are,” he said. “It’s also important to understand that shrimp need clean environments and that stress is a killer.”

A lot of diseases that affect them are stress-related, so aquaculture should ensure that shrimp can tolerate, either through genetic selection or environmental improvements, the extremes that farmers may subject them to in order to make a profit, such as high stocking densities, Newman said. “However, I don’t think that India is any worse than anywhere else and they are making significant efforts to make it much harder for antimicrobial abuse to occur, for example by limiting access to the substances and educating farmers on better ways to grow shrimp. The oversight of the shrimp farming industry is poor in many countries, not just in India, and government agencies have a responsibility to adequately oversee what’s going on.”

Improving husbandry

Shrimp farming and India aside, Schar and his colleagues summarised the current evidence on antimicrobial use in aquaculture through 2019. They found that on a biomass adjusted basis, use rates were highest in catfish and lowest in salmon production. While aquaculture as a whole carries the highest intensity of antimicrobial use (164.8mg/kg) compared to humans and terrestrial food animals, it currently represents a minority share (5.7%) of aggregate global antimicrobial use.

I don’t think that India is any worse than anywhere else and they are making significant efforts to make it much harder for antimicrobial abuse to occur

Dr Stephen Newman, AquaInTech Inc

‘‘

8 A high density shrimp farm

Photo Credit: Stephen Newman

Nevertheless, shifting to healthy food animal production systems that aren’t reliant on antimicrobials will be key and likely to play a significant role in aquaculture’s longterm sustainability.

Schar says that vaccinations and improved management and husbandry programmes in several countries have resulted in dramatic reductions in aquaculture’s antimicrobial use rates.

Prioritising system health

Future strategies that don’t involve pharmaceutical interventions pre- and probiotics or CRISPR-Cas genome editing may lead to further reductions in antimicrobial use.

improving productivity and avoiding the need to apply antimicrobials on-farm. Vaccination strategies to control vaccine-preventable disease have also been shown to dramatically reduce both the burden of disease and use of antimicrobials.”

Newman agrees.

“Pathogens fall into two classes, obligate and opportunistic,” he said. “Obligate pathogens cause disease in healthy animals at low levels and are rare.

“Opportunistic pathogens cause disease in animals weakened by poor water quality or poor husbandry practices. Almost all disease is due to opportunistic pathogens and animals that are weakened from cultural practices.”

He added, “Perhaps they’re being stocked at too high densities, or their feed is lacking certain things that they may need. In this sense, the production paradigm needs to be changed.”

Reducing stress levels

Economics, meanwhile, is key to encouraging farmers to make changes, said Schar.

“Framing these production shifts as a value proposition is critical to their uptake and adoption,” he said.

There are also natural compounds that have the same impacts as antimicrobials with no concern over residues, Newman pointed out. For example, secondary plant compounds (SPCs) and their components such as thymol and carvacrol extracted from thyme and oregano are one possible alternative, while immunostimulants/antivirals can enhance the immune system of shrimp.

But it’s also important to look at the production process, stresses Schar.

“We have to transition away from reliance on food production systems that are themselves sick. As demand grows, supporting food system transformations that prioritise healthy animals and reduced environmental impact will be critical.”

That, he said, means improved water quality; stocking density; targeted nutrition; farm biosecurity; and reduced animal stress.

“These all contribute to disease prevention,

“Demonstrating that interventions will generate a return on investment can be an attractive motivator. But it must also be paired with improved access to capital needed to realise these transitions, particularly for small and medium scale producers in low- and middle-income countries.”

“The best way to control disease is to keep it out of the production system and ensure that animals aren’t stressed,” added Newman.

“I’m optimistic that aquaculture will get a better handle on its use of antimicrobials but there are some things in the way the systems operate, which are going to make it very difficult for this to go away in the short-term, such as high stocking densities or even empowering smaller farmers that perhaps shouldn’t be producing food for export.

“AI may help, as there is a tremendous amount of observational data that isn’t being used to learn more about how we can avoid antimicrobials. That’s still in its infancy but these systems develop pretty quickly. Countries like India need to look at the value of export markets and continue working to prevent antimicrobial abuse.”

8 Shrimp farms in Ecuador –stretching as far as the eye can seePhoto Credit: Stephen Newman

We have to transition away from reliance on food production systems that are themselves sick

Dr Daniel Schar, Université Libre de Bruxelles

AFRICAN ALLIANCE UNDERWAY

Nutreco and its parent company SHV are partnering with FoodTechAfrica and African Parks in an initiative to promote sustainable aquaculture in Africa

The first project under the initiative, the Gishanda Fish Farm in Rwanda, opened last month and will help meet the country’s growing demand for protein.

Nutreco Chief Executive Fulco van Lede said that half of the projected global population growth in coming decades is expected to take place in Africa.

“Our purpose of Feeding the Future is focused on helping produce more sustainable protein to feed the growing population here and across the globe. As food insecurity is a global issue, we believe in the great potential of addressing it through partnerships such as this one,” he said.

FoodTechAfrica is a public-private partnership headed by Larive International focused on improving food security in East Africa whilst conservation organisation African Parks manages a diverse range of 22 protected areas.

The initiative aims to help solve supply chain challenges in Africa by promoting protein production in lakes outside of the parks. SHV will make a financial investment in the project and Nutreco, through its Middle East and Africa business, will act as sponsor and feed partner.

The Gishanda Fish Farm officially opened outside African Parks-managed Akagera National Park in Rwanda and will continue to be developed over the coming years.

8 Gishanda Fish Farm will help meet Rwanda’s growing demand for protein

Photo Credit: Nutreco

NEW CHAR BREEDING PROJECT

Genetics research organisation Center for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT) and Arctic char producer Icy Waters Ltd (IWL) have established a new breeding programme for the species

The project recognises that Arctic char is gaining momentum as a sustainable and nutritious alternative to other commercially successful farmed salmonid species such as salmon and trout.

“Developing sustainable food and protein sources continues to be a key economic factor for many countries around the world. Aquaculture is poised to be

hope to give IWL a competitive edge.

“CAT [is] delighted to be partnering with Icy Waters to optimise and accelerate their genetic improvement programme. With the growing appetite for Artic char, it is an exciting and opportune time for the CAT breeding team to partner with Icy Waters to accelerate the rate of genetic gains for key traits in Artic char to improve efficiency,

an increasingly important contributor to this landscape. With the rise of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the benefits in growing char relative to other salmonids continues to gain interest, given their natural preference for higher densities,” said Doug Hotson, General Manager of IWL.

The company carries out a breeding approach managing two founder populations of broodstock. With the implementation of a modern selective breeding programme and development of custom genomic tools tailored to Arctic char, CAT will lead the company in selecting for the best traits from both stocks, with the

production, and quality,” said

of Genetics at CAT.

IWL has been supplying its Yukon Gold Ova to markets for the past 30 years. Hotson said that CAT was chosen as a partner to help IWL implement a family-based breeding programme.

“The world of fish breeding and genetics is a complex and challenging task, and that is why we chose to work with the expert team at CAT. Working with their diversified team of genetics and breeding professionals will enable IWL to continue to be a leading supplier of ova to satisfy growing global demand for our delicious fish.”

MOWI ORDERS NEW VESSELS

Salmon farmer Mowi Scotland Ltd has selected Skagen Ship Consulting and Macduff Ship Design as the main contractor and designer for two new 18.5-metre landing craft service

Salmon farmer Mowi Scotland Ltd has selected Skagen Ship Consulting and Macduff Ship Design as the main contractor and designer for two new 18.5-metre landing craft service vessels for aquaculture support services

The vessels are a development of the Geraldine Mary and Helen Rice hull forms, with a revised arrangement to match

the specific operating profile of Mowi Scotland. Alongside this they offer flexibility for future aquaculture roles.

Skagen Ship Consulting will be responsible for the delivery of the design and equipment package with the vessels built in their entirety at Etkin Marine in Turkey.

8 IWL’s breeding approach involves the management of two founder populations of broodstock

Photo Credit: Icy Waters Ltd

Klara Verbyla, Vice President

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Vónin is a major supplier to the fishing fleet and aquaculture industry with branches in the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Canada, Denmark and Norway.

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Manufacturer of pelagic trawls, semi-pelagic trawls, shrimp trawls, various bottom trawls, purse seine nets, fish farming nets and sorting grids. Vónin is a major supplier to the North Atlantic/Arctic fishing fleet. We have all accessories in stock.

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