Brochures by Mhimol

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

WHAT IS ASTHMA?

Asthma

Asthma is a common lung disease that affects the airways, which are small tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. It affects 20% of children and 5% of adults.

What causes asthma? Asthma is caused by chronic inflammation of the airways. If you have asthma, your airways are more sensitive than normal. If you come into contact with something that irritates your airways (known as a trigger), your airways become narrow, muscles around them tighten and there is an increase in production of sticky mucus within the airway lumen (“phlegm”).

Symptoms of asthma

How is asthma treated?

Asthma symptoms vary over time and in intensity, often worse at night or early in the morning. Occasionally, asthma symptoms can get worse gradually or suddenly. This is known as an “asthma attack” or “exacerbation”. Severe attacks may be life threatening and require hospital treatment.

There is no cure for asthma but there are medications to control the condition. You can lead a normal life when your asthma is well controlled.

The reason why some people develop asthma is not fully known, although it is known that it is more common in people who have a family history of asthma.

Avoidance of triggers

ASTHMA

Asthma does not go away. Once you are diagnosed, you are likely to have it for the rest for your life.

Stop smoking

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Avoid triggers which can worsen your symptoms (refer to Page 3)

Vaccinations

The severity of the illness varies from person to person and can be well controlled in most cases, however it can also cause persistent symptoms in some.

Food

Pollen

Mould

Pollution

Vaccinations

Normal Bronchial Tube

Cold Air

Medications

Pets Shortness of Breath

Stress

Normal

Dry Cough

Exercise

Smoking

Dust Mite

ASTHMA TRIGGERS Asthma

Night Cough

Wheezing

Chest Pain

How is asthma diagnosed? Diagnosis of asthma involves looking for the presence of symptoms, associated allergic conditions and supported by lung function testing.

Written asthma action plan

Controllers (containing inhaled corticosteroids) •

These are long term medications that you take DAILY to reduce the inflammation (swelling) in your airways and make the airways less sensitive to triggers and other environmental irritants.

•

They are the most effective treatment for asthma, and when used DAILY, can control symptoms, reduce asthma attacks and risk of dying from asthma. Controllers should be used DAILY, even when you don’t have any symptoms.

When you are well • No cough, wheeze or breathlessness • No chest tightness • No night awakening

Use Controller medicine daily Treatment (Controller) ____ puffs ___times/day

• Asthma Symptoms • Before exercise

(Reliever) Salbutamol MDI 2 puffs when necessary

CAUTION If you have 3 or more of the following in the past 1 week

Take the following medicine for next 7-14 days

• Waking at night due to asthma • Daytime asthma symptoms more than 2 times • Need reliever more than 2 times • Activity or exercise being limited by asthma

1. (Controller) ____ puffs ___times/day

Maximum 16 puffs per day

Beclomethasone (Becotide)

Budesonide (Pulmicort)

Fluticasone (Flixotide)

Tiotropium (Spiriva) - usually given together with Symbicort/Seretide/ Relvar)

If YES to 3 or more, your asthma is uncontrolled and you need to step up your treatment Symbicort

Seretide

1. (Reliever) Salbutamol MDI 2 puffs when Maximum 16 puffs per day

2. Prednisolone 30mg every morning x 5 days If you do not improve in 1-2 days, see your doctor.

Sengkang General Hospital 110 Sengkang East Way Singapore 544886 General Enquiries (24 hrs): 6930 5000 Outpatient Appointments: 6930 6000 appointments@skh.com.sg www.skh.com.sg SengkangGeneralHospital

Relvar

DANGER Get help immediately

See your doctor NOW. DO NOT WAIT! Call 995 for an ambulance if needed.

• Severe shortness of breath • Can only speak in short sentence • Having severe attack of asthma and are frightened

1. (Reliever) Salbutamol MDI 4 puffs immediately 2. Prednisolone 30mg immediately (if not taken yet).

Oral medication (corticosteroids) •

Usually prescribed for a short duration by your doctor for you to use when you have an asthma attack.

•

Follow instructions on the written asthma action plan. Consult your doctor if in doubt.

Relievers •

Used only when needed such as during an attack (“emergency” inhaler). Always remember to carry your reliever with you inhaler at all times!

•

Acts by relaxing the muscle around your airways and “opening up” your narrowed airways rapidly.

•

They do not prevent asthma attacks or reduce the inflammation in the airways. Frequent use of these relievers indicate that your asthma may be poorly controlled- Please seek medical help early!

Infections

Inflamed Bronchial Tube During an Attack

Medicines

•

Difficulty Breathing

Inhalers

Information correct as at printing (December 2020) and subject to revision without further notice. Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of General Medicine Sengkang General Hospital 86750-010-1220

Salbutamol (Ventolin)

MAKING & TINKERING (RESEARCH ATTACHMENT 3)

School Core Courses/ Major PE/Broadening Electives

CNYSP Core Courses

Research Opportunities

Biology Chemistry Climate Change Mathematics Physics

The unique Making & Tinkering course introduces scholars to product prototyping. The ubiquity of open-source hardware and software allows scholars to design, code and build prototypes for applications in Science & Engineering. Scholars gain hands-on experience in iterative prototype design, development and presentation, guided by experienced mentors. Through this course, scholars gain a strong understanding of the development phase of a Research & Development (R&D) cycle.

Introduction to Research CNYSP Undergraduate Research Experience Research Attachment 1 Making & Tinkering

Indoor Remote Controlled Blimp with Video Capabilities

Smart Green House

SCHOLARS PROGRAMME

Energy Efficient Balloon Bot Overseas Final Year Project & Overseas Learning Trip

Experiential & Collaborative Learning (ECL) Hand Glove for Mechanical Strength

Internship/Attachment Interdisciplinary Collaborative Core (ICC)

NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, SINGAPORE CN YANG SCHOLARS PROGRAMME

Navigating the Digital World Kickstart Your Career Success for a VUCA World Science & Technology for Humanity Sustainability: Human, Social, Economic & Environment Healthy Living & Mental Wellbeing Digital Literacy 2

Premier Scholars Programmes Office Academic Block North 61 Nanyang Drive ABN-B2b-11 Singapore 637335 (65) 6514 1900

OVERSEAS LEARNING TRIP

USA

The CN Yang Scholars Programme (CNYSP) nurtures future leaders at the interface of science and engineering. It focusses on technological innovation and scientific communication and requires strong science and engineering training. It features multidisciplinary courses in mathematics, research, making-and-tinkering, internship and global learning, designed to prepare you to lead in the next phase of technological evolution. Embark on this unique journey to truly embrace the spirit of innovation, persistence and social capital so that you can make an impact in any of the diverse range of careers available to you in the future.

WHY CHOOSE

CNYSP?

Multi-Disciplinary Curriculum

Overseas/Local Final Year Project

Overseas Learning Trip

www.ntu.edu.sg/cnyang-scholars

instagram.com/ntucnysp/

INTRODUCTION

Scholarship Award

D-CNYang@ntu.edu.sg

THE SCHOLARS PROGRAMME FOR THE WORLD

facebook.com/NTUCNYSP/

CN Yang Scholars are given the opportunity to embark on one of the overseas learning trips organized by the CN Yang Scholars’ Club during freshmen year.

OVERSEAS FINAL YEAR PROJECT (OFYP)

CN Yang Scholars will undertake their Overseas Final Year Project as a research attachment at a reputable overseas university for up to 8 months, with financial support from this programme. This allows scholars to gain insights into the breadth and diversity of research work in an international environment, thereby providing them with an all-rounded and enriching learning experience.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Caltech The opportunity to do my Final Year Project overseas at Xi’an Jiaotong University’s (XJTU) ICAMLiu Group was definitely a privilege. With XJTU’s expertise in the field of Mechanics, ICAM often hosts talented lecturers from rather diverse backgrounds, providing a valuable avenue to learn from them. The seniors in the group were also very friendly, welcoming and helpful, and the shared memories with them there while immersing in a different culture will be greatly treasured.

Global Exchange Experience

Innovation Driven Projects

Guaranteed Hall Stay

Peer Support System

Joint PhD at NTU/ Overseas University (optional)

Meeting World Class Leaders in Science and Engineering

COURSE ELIGIBILITY SCIENCES Biological Sciences | Chemistry & Biological Chemistry | Environmental Earth Systems Science | Mathematical Sciences | Physics & Applied Physics

SWITZERLAND

Yeoh Kirk Ming

Xi’an Jiaotong University, China Mechanical Engineering, Class of 2020 Overseas Supervisor: Prof Liu Zishun Project Title: Mechanical Behaviour of Metamaterials Based on Soft Materials Current position: PhD Student, National University of Singapore

OFYP was a really eye-opening experience as I got to gain new research experiences and interact with people from different walks of life overseas – a rare opportunity. It gave me a chance to step out of my comfort zone and understand research in a whole new capacity and culture.

Tan Jia Ying Brenda

Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, AY2017-18 intake Overseas Supervisor: Asst Prof Joshua Jackman Project Title: Unraveling How Ethanol-Induced Conformational Changes Affect BSA Protein Adsorption onto Silica Surface

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva

SCHOLARSHIP AWARD

tuition fees after tuition grant

Living allowance of

6,500

per annum

5,000

for overseas study or exchange programme (one-off)

Accommodation allowance up to per annum S$

2,000

for scholars in NTU halls only

Computer allowance of

1,750

(one-off)

No bond is attached to the Nanyang Scholarship apart from the 3-year bond applicable to all Singapore PRs and international students under the MOE Tuition Grant Scheme. Recipients of other scholarships are eligible to apply for CNYSP.

CHINA

Subsidised NANYANG SCHOLARSHIP

Travel grant of up to

Southern University of Science and Technology (SusTech), Shenzhen

Conducting my OFYP at MIT was an enriching and eye-opening experience. This overseas project experience has allowed me to gain more insights into research and has helped me in terms of my development as a scientist. I am extremely grateful towards the CN Yang Scholars Programme for making this possible. Bang Qing Xin

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Class of 2020 Overseas Supervisor: Prof Christopher C. Cummins Project Title: Synthesis of tetra-and triphosphorylated biomolecules using three different novel phosphorylating agents Current position: MD-PhD Student, Duke-NUS Medical School

From my OFYP, I acquired a deeper understanding of how the anatomy of volcanoes can greatly influence their seismic behaviour, and how different eruptive episodes are classified and documented based on ground observations. I aspire to pursue a PhD in Geophysics, and conduct research in volcano seismology and infrasound. I hope to contribute as a university educator and a partner at volcano observatories. Tan Pei Kun Darren

Cascades Volcano Observatory, USA Environmental Earth Systems Science, Class of 2020 Overseas Supervisor: Jay Wellik Project Title: Exploring the Relationship between Response Time and Cumulative Moment Magnitude for Volcanoes Worldwide Current position: PhD Student, University of Alaska Fairbanks

We provide the following services: General/Doctor’s Consultation and Follow-up 1

Comprehensive Chronic Disease Care & Management with Nurses and Healthcare Team Treatment of Acute Conditions & Minor Surgeries

BEDOK FAMILY MEDICINE CENTRE Blk 201A Bedok North Street 1 #01-563 Singapore 461201

Bedok Family

Tel : 6243 2522 Fax : 6243 5288

• Treatment of Common Ailments • Urine and Blood Tests and Investigations

(Same building as HDB Branch Office)

Support Services: • Nurse and Clinical Pharmacist* Counselling • Digital Retinal Photography* (DRP) • Diabetic Foot Screening* (DFS) • Dietetics*

201A

• Podiatry* • Weight Management • Smoking Cessation • On-site Laboratory Services 4

General & Corporate Health Screening

Adult Vaccinations & Travel Health

Children’s Immunization & Developmental Assessment ** Statutory & Employment Check-ups Medical Referrals to Co-Located Community Health Centre (CHC) Services: • General X-Rays

7 8

• Ultrasounds • Physiotherapy* * These services will also enjoy CHAS subsidies ** BABY BONUS is applicable for vaccinations & consultations These services will be made available at later stage

Affordable one-stop centre for chronic disease management

Operating Hours Monday – Sunday 8.00am – 1.00pm 2.00pm – 5.00pm 6.00pm – 9.00pm

Our medical team is experienced in managing patients with chronic diseases. These include:

Bedok FMC

Medicine Centre A one-stop health hub in the community

Easys s actocesupportes ic serv What benefits can patients expect at the Bedok FMC?  Managed and follow-up by the regular doctors  One-stop service provider

Bedok Family Medicine Centre is your neighbourhood medical and health care centre

 Operates daily (include weekends)  Visits by appointment hence shorter waiting time (Walk-in patients are welcome)  Acute service with same day results for selected laboratory tests

Nearest MRT Station

that provides a wide range of healthcare services

EW5 Bedok

conveniently located under one roof. Led by our

By Buses

team of experienced Family Physicians, the centre

7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 30, 30E, 32, 33, 35, 38, 40, 60, 66, 69, 87, 168, 196, 197, 222, 225, 228, 229, 401, 544, 545, 854

provides doctor’s consultation for acute conditions

 Enjoy subsidised & affordable healthcare with Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS)

and chronic diseases, supported by on-site

 Medisave use for CDMP and preventive vaccines

laboratory, dispensary and support services.

 Use of Baby Bonus for consultation & vaccinations

All information is valid at the time of printing (May 2014)

• Osteoarthritis

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Lipid Disorders (High Cholesterol)

• Nephritis/Nephrosis

• Asthma

• Anxiety

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Stroke

• Parkinson’s Disease

Enjoy Subsidies from CHAS

Bedok Family Medicine Centre

• Diabetes Mellitus

 Easy access to support services such as Physiotherapy, X-Rays and Ultrasounds

SUBSIDIES FOR CHRONIC CONDITION Up to $120 per visit and Up to $75 per visit and up to $480 per year up to $300 per year SUBSIDIES FOR COMMON ILLNESSES Up to $18.50 per visit Not Applicable

USE OF MEDISAVE for your HEALTHCARE

You can use your family member’s or your own Medisave (up to 10 accounts) of up to $400 per account per year. The Chronic Disease Management Programme (CDMP) allows MEDISAVE use for the following chronic diseases and vaccinations (as of April, 2014): Diabetes mellitus, hypertension (high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia (eg. high cholesterol), stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and above conditions.

CPF

e isav

Med

ed rov

App

Vaccinations including Childhood Vaccines, Hepatitis B and Cervical Cancer vaccinations, subject to a withdrawal limit of $400 per Medisave account per year.

LEADING FROM ASIA

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

OOL SS SCH T D BUSINE -RANKE T THE BES A HIGHLY H STUDEN TO A VIDES EAC BOARD SPRING THAT PRO ATION AND CAREER. PREPAR ING PROMIS

ia) NUS (As LD QS WOR Y UNIVERSIT 2021 RANKINGS

4 5

FINANCIAL TIMES MASTER’S IN MANAGEMENT RANKINGS 2015 CEMS Master’s in International Management

in the world (for accounting and finance)

QS GLOBAL 100 EMBA RANKINGS BY REGION 2018 (NUS Asia-Pacific Executive MBA) QS GLOBAL JOINT EMBA RANKINGS 2020 (UCLA-NUS EMBA Programme)

FINANCIAL TIMES GLOBAL MBA RANKINGS 2021 (The NUS MBA) th

FINANCIAL TIMES GLOBAL MBA RANKINGS 2017 (The NUS MBA FOR FINANCE)

3 NEW

REQUIRED

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

INNOVATION & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

EXPERIENCE

COMPULSORY

CAREER PREPARATION

3RD YEAR

GLOBAL IMMERSION

CAPSTONE MODULES

CORE WITH NEW MODULES

UNRESTRICTED ELECTIVES FOR

MORE THAN A QUARTER OF CURRICULUM

BUSINESS ECONOMICS

Rapidly changing work landscapes and uncertain economic trends are pushing organisations to seek new sets of competencies from fresh hires. Graduates will work in volatile environments characterised by greater ambiguity in career, industry, and national boundaries, and a greater use of ICT, data analytics, and other emerging technologies. A growing number will also launch or work in start-ups.

1980'S

EURSHIP

CORPOR KETING

CE OR

PENDEN

IE ARADER

CAM

INDE

CODING

OR MAR

E YOU ILE, B BE AG

ACADEMIC

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

CLASS OF

1970'S

EMIC ACAD

OPTIONS

With the introduction of a streamlined core, students will now have the bandwidth to pursue more options of cross-disciplinary studies within the standard candidature. Some possible combinations include:

1 MINOR Statistics

1 SPECIALISATION Innovation & Entrepreneurship

2 MINORS Communications & New Media Global Studies

1 SPECIALISATION Leadership & Human Capital Management

1 MINOR Psychology

1 MINOR Public Health

BEYOND BBA

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Communications & New Real Estate Media Psychology Statistics Public Health Quantitative Finance

NUS RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE PROGRAMME

Group Chief Executive of Singapore Telecommunications Limited Executive Chairman of ABR Holdings

BOBBY CHIN YOKE CHOONG

Chairman of NTUC Fairprice Co-operative Ltd and Deputy Chairman of NTUC Enterprise Co-operative Limited. Chairman of Housing & Development Board and Frasers Commercial Asset Management Ltd.

HSIEH FU HUA

Chairman of the board of trustees at National University of Singapore (NUS)

KUOK KHOON HONG

Chairman & CEO of Wilmar International

LIM HOW TECK

Chairman and Non-Executive Director, ARA Trust Management (Cache) Ltd Chairman of Heliconia Capital Management Pte Ltd, Redwood International Pte Ltd and Catalist-listed NauticAWT

NG SER MIANG

Chairman of Finance Commission, International Olympic Committee Chairman of the World Anti-Doping Agency's (Wada) Finance and Administration Committee

VERONICA ENG

Independent and Non-Executive Director of Keppel Corporation. Former Founding Partner at Permira Advisers

YAP CHIN KOK, ROBERT

Chairman & CEO of YCH Group Pte Ltd

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Minor

Yang nce with Lim Wei urs (Fina Hono prise Jerome Class ol in Enter First ess Scho nus, ology ce Alum Busin BBA r of Techn ms Scien ), NUS omics the Maste ute of Syste Econ nt of Instit nt stude tics, NUS Curre ess Analy Busin

How and why did you decide to specialise in Finance and minor in Economics?

Why did you decide to pursue the NUS Master of Technology in Enterprise Business Analytics less than a year after graduating?

I think NUS Business provided a holistic introductory freshman year where I could go through different modules to find out which areas of business really interested me before specialising in subsequent years. My love for finance grew tremendously when I read the module and learnt about the various industry roles. It is (still) amazing to me, how major world events collectively

For me, it is a perfect combination of passion and practicality. Everything started from freshman year – NUS Business School exposed me to foundational analytics modules and I found them really interesting! That sparked my interest in the analytics space; I went on to take more advanced modules, where my passion for

the subject grew further. During my internships in the banking sector, I was further exposed to the realm of Machine Learning and how these models are applied in the finance industry. I realized that Analytics is a language in its own right, and data are the different alphabets or words that you use to tell your story, justify your case, or make a prediction. It can be applied anywhere! When I started working, I found myself dealing with problems that required this same skill set. I decided that I wanted a formal education and training in the subject matter. Moreover, the Master of Technology in Enterprise Business Analytics emphasises that its curriculum is applicationfocused, which means in addition to the theory on why a model works, I can learn the techniques to quickly apply it in my workplace, or in any other relevant context.

influence the indices in the financial world. I later chose to read a minor in Economics to supplement my knowledge and understanding of finance and financial markets. From there, I learned that economic events have an intricate relationship with financial market movements. Economic theories are also vital in understanding why certain significant world events occurred, and how we can learn from them to better our future. I must say the introduction of the Business Economics specialisation is a godsend for the NUS Business School students coming in from 2017 onwards. Now that it is delivered within the same faculty, students benefit more easily from the synergies between these two fields.

Why did you choose to pursue your Masters degree with NUS? The choice was easy – I wanted a high-quality, rigorous education that was relatively affordable and taught by a reputable institution. All three criteria were extremely important for me. Naturally, NUS beat all possible options hands down.

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

STREAMLINED CORE MODULES Moving on, build yourself a strong business foundation with the new curriculum’s streamlined compulsory core modules. Importantly, this refreshed structure creates the flexibility and autonomy to pursue one or more specialisations later during your candidature.

CALCULUS AND STATISTICS

ACADEMIC ORIENTATION MODULES Start off your journey with online-based multimedia modules in Calculus and Statistics, and Microsoft Excel Skills for Business. Fresh to the BBA curriculum, these modules provide consistent pre-requisite knowledge preparation for a smooth transition to university education.

LEADERSHIP CORE Leadership and Decision Making under Uncertainty Business Communications for Leaders Strategic Management

ANALYTICAL CORE Decision Analytics Using Spreadsheets Programming for Business Analytics

FOR BBA STUDENTS...

FOR BBA (ACC) STUDENTS...

CHOOSE FROM 7 SPECIALISATIONS Develop multiple areas of expertise and be equipped for the fast changing economy with us! The new curriculum now boasts 7 specialisations to choose from, each with an intensity and rigour that hones the AGILE business leader in you.

Students are also allowed to read any of the above BBA specialisations or read a second major or minor from outside of the School.

Students are also encouraged to pursue beyond one compulsory specialisation or read a second major or minor from outside of the School. Business Analytics

Global Economy

During my final year, my project group built a simple facial recognition programme. It was the culmination of a semester of gruelling work. We had to chart out a development plan, which included how to utilise the raw data amongst other things. Applying what we learnt in the module, we managed to build a model within R (a coding language) that could identify each team member’s face with over 90% accuracy! We even won first prize in the Intra-school analytics competition judged by an independent panel, beating teams from other analytics modules!

CURRICULUM ROADMAP

Managerial Economics

What was the most impactful experience you had as an NUS Business School student?

MICROSOFT EXCEL SKILLS FOR BUSINESS

UNDERSTANDING HOW BUSINESS WORKS

FUNCTIONAL CORE

Business Economics Innovation & Entrepreneurship Finance

Accounting for Decision Makers

Marketing

Finance

INTENSIVE PRIMER MODULE

Legal Environment of Business

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

GENERAL EDUCATION

Information Systems Others* NUS - PKU Extended Exchange

Communications & New Media

COURSEWORK OPTION: Field Service Project

Regardless of the choice of major, there is a broad range of knowledge, abilities, predispositions and attitudes that NUS expects of a university graduate, collectively serving as the hallmark of higher education. General Education (GE) connects disciplinary knowledge and perspectives with the skills needed for lifelong learning beyond the university.

Computer Science

Business Analytics

2 advanced Independent Study Modules, or Field Service Project

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

NUS UNIVERSITY-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS

Highly motivated students with an interest in two complementing disciplines may consider the Double Degree Programme (DDP). BBA students may choose from the following options:

Engineering

Dissertation in area of specialisation

3 BIZ modules in area of specialisation

BEYOND BBA

DOUBLE DEGREE PROGRAMME

Law

RESEARCH OPTION:

DIRECT HONOURS All students are now automatically accepted into the Honours Programme. Complete your degree journey with either an Honours by Research or Coursework depending on your academic inclinations and aspirations.

Operations & Supply Chain Management

Principles of Marketing Operations and Technology Management

BEYOND BBA

ACCOUNTANCY MODULES Managerial Accounting Corporate Accounting and Reporting I & II Accounting Information Systems Assurance and Attestation Corporate and Securities Law Taxation Advanced Corporate Accounting and Reporting Valuation Corporate Governance and Risk Management Integrated Perspectives in Accounting and Business

Leadership & Human Capital Management

Organisational Behaviour

Effective at introducing specific knowledge and experiential skills within a relatively short time frame, this intensive, concentrated module introducing the basics of how business works, is a graduating requirement.

With the exception of students from the University Scholars Programme and the University Town College Programme, undergraduates will be required to read one GE Module from each of the five pillars (total: 20 Modular Credits/MCs).

Economics BBA (ACC) students may also pursue the above options through the ad-hoc arrangement.

DUAL TRACK HONOURS PROGRAMME

3RD YEAR CAPSTONE MODULES

All students are now automatically accepted into the Honours programme with the option to withdraw and complete with a basic degree if they wish. The Honours programme also features a dual track: Honours by Coursework or by Research, catering to students with varying academic inclinations and aspirations.

DIRECT ADMISSIONS MINOR PAIRINGS FOR BBA (ACC)

Statistics

Quantitative Finance

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Coursework track:

Research track:

3 business modules in area of specialisation + Field Service Project

Individual dissertation in area of specialisation + 2 advanced Independent Study Modules, or Field Service Project

https://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/academic-information-policies/undergraduate-students/general-education

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Experience the detailed tasks involved in launching an entrepreneurial venture Gain a cross-disciplinary perspective of entrepreneurship Gain direct experience conceptualising an entrepreneurial venture

NUS GRADE-FREE SCHEME

The Concurrent Degree Programme (CDP) is similar to the Double Degree Programme in duration. However, in a DDP, the student is awarded two Bachelor degrees upon graduation, but for a CDP, the student is awarded a Bachelor and a Masters degree upon completion. A student may choose from the following options:

The Grade-free Scheme seeks to allow students to transit into university life academically and socially so as to reduce students’ anxiety towards grades. As students will have the option not to factor their grades for that semester into their Cumulative Average Point (CAP), the grade-free scheme will allow students to achieve a more holistic education experience that transcends academic results.

Master in Public Policy (with Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy)

Developing Impactful Social Sector Solutions

Master of Science in Management & CEMS Master's in International Management double degree http://bba.nus.edu/academic-programmes/dcdp/cdp/mpp https://mim.nus.edu.sg/academics/concurrent-degree-programme/

http://bba.nus.edu/academic-programmes/general-academic-matters/ grade-free-scheme

https://mim.nus.edu.sg/academics/concurrent-double-master-programme/

GLOBAL IMMERSION

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

VIBRANT CAMPUS LIFE

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Full-time undergraduates have the option of staying at any of our seven Halls of Residences and one student residence: Eusoff Hall Kent Ridge Hall King Edward VII Hall Prince George’s Park House & Residences Raffles Hall Sheares Hall Temasek Hall

STRENGTH TIMES 1ST

INDUSTRY RELEVANT

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

TIMES 2ND

RUNNERS- UP

2010 to 2021

CAREER PREPARATION

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

BIZAD CLUB

RESIDENTIAL PROGRAMMES

Be a BBA/BBA(ACC) student and also part of: University Scholars’ Programme (USP) Tembusu College College of Alice and Peter Tan (CAPT) Ridge View Residential College Residential College 4 Multidisciplinary Programme Explore across Disciplines Small Classes, Out-of-Classroom Learning Fulfil University Level Requirements with Modules unique to each programme Integrated Residential Component Vibrant Communities

In addition, NUS also boasts more than 100 activity clubs and interest groups for students to participate in, providing a highly enriching university experience. http://www.nusbizadclub.com nus.edu.sg/osa/so

nusbizadclub

3M Abbott Laboratories Pte Ltd Accenture Accountant-General Department Adidas Agency for Integrated Care AIA Amazon Amazon Web Services Apple Auditor-General's Office Bain & Company Baker Tilly FTW Bank of America Merrill Lynch Bank of China Bank of Singapore BNY Mellon Barclays BlackRock Bloomberg BNP Paribas Borrelli Walsh Pte Ltd Boston Consulting Group BP Singapore Pte Ltd BreadTalk ByteDance Capitaland Cargill Carousell Changi Airport Group Circles.Life Citibank Coty Inc CPF Board Credit Suisse Cyber Security Agency of Singapore Dairy Farm Group Danone DBS Bank Dell Deloitte & Touche Delta Partners Deutsche Bank DHL DSTA Dymon Asia Economic Development Board (EDB) Enterprise Singapore Ernst & Young

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

The BIZCareers team works closely with students to help them achieve their career objectives, while actively engaging and fostering close partnerships with recruiters across the major industries to bring meaningful opportunities to our students. Alumni Mentorship Programme

eer ustrysive Car prehen other ind a com d with ady, and ple plete l com e, and cou e market-re ts wil Studen n Programms, to emerg . ers Creatio experience by recruit d ter focuse ght-af sou highly

Industry Awareness Series

Alumni Sharing Sessions

Industry Forum Discussions

Company Visits

Industry Specific Skills Workshops

Career / Networking Fairs

Recruitment Talks

CREDIT-BEARING INTERNSHIPS Internships are a crucial part of university education. Students are encouraged to embark on internships from their second year onwards, with most taking up at least 2 internships during their time at NUS. At NUS Business School, credit-bearing internships have been introduced to encourage students to gain real world industry experience, while obtaining modular credits (MCs) in the process.

CAREER CREATION PROGRAMME (CCP) To better prepare students for their future careers, the CCP supports students to develop their relevant skillsets and helps them to achieve their career goals.

Credit-bearing Internships: 8-week internship: 4 modular credits 16-week internship: 8 modular credits

Strategic Career Planning

Resume & Cover Letter Writing

Personal Branding

Interview Skills

Networking Techniques

Group Resume & Mock Interview Clinics

Grades do not count towards CAP score, only for credit fulfilment

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

IP & NING R ERSH LEADLONG LEA E F I L

LEADERSHIP & LIFELONG LEARNING

WHAT OUR GRADUATES DO

The BIZAD Leadership Development Programme (BLDP) is an initiative that seeks to provide business students additional development opportunities to realise their leadership potential and become a more holistic and outstanding leader. Selected students enrolled in this programme will undertake BIZAD Leadership modules unique to the programme. weblink: https://bba.nus.edu.sg/academic-programmes/bizad-leadershipdevelopment-programme/

SPECIALISATION IN LEADERSHIP & HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

Mizuho Securities MOH Holdings Morgan Stanley MUFG Bank National Healthcare Group Nestle Nielsen Holdings Inc Ninja Van Nomura OCBC Bank Oliver Wyman OMD Worldwide PricewaterhouseCoopers Procter & Gamble Prudential Resorts World Sentosa Restaurant Brands International Rolls-Royce Rothschild S&P Global Ratings Schneider Electric Schroders Investment Management Sembcorp SGX Shopee Shell Singapore Airlines Singapore Tourism Board (STB) Singtel Societe Generale Standard Chartered Bank Tan Tock Seng Hospital TD Securities Temasek Tembusu Partners The Estée Lauder Companies Inc Thermo Fisher Scientific TheSmartLocal UBS Unilever Uniqlo United Overseas Bank Visa VMware Warner Bros Workato

ACCOUNTANCY

EVENTS & HOSPITALITY

Accountant, Auditor, Forensic Accountant, Risk Advisory, Tax Advisory

Accounts Executive, Conference Management, Marketing Executive, Optimisation Analyst

FINANCE & BANKING

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

Analyst for Commercial Banking, Credit, Global Investment Management, Global Transaction Services, Global Markets, Investment Banking, Macro Sales, Operations & Technology, Trade Solutions, Treasury, Venture Capital, Commodity Associate, Global Markets Trader, Investment Support, Wealth Management

CONSULTING Business Analyst, Clients & Markets Analyst, Consulting Analyst, HR Analyst, Management Consultant, Programmer Analyst, Research Consultant, Strategy Analyst, Transaction Advisory Associate

CONSUMER GOODS Advertising, Brand Manager, Content Executive, Digital Marketing Executive, Marketing and Communications Executive, Sales and Marketing Executive

E-COMMERCE

Looking back, the accounting knowledge I’ve gathered has been extremely valuable in my internships and international case competitions.

Operations Associate, Accounts Coordinator, Business Development, Inventory Management, Market Intelligence

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

OTHER SECTORS Civil and Public Service, Healthcare, Marine, Aviation, FinTech, Telecommunications

ani nus Muthupal e cy) Alum untan Programm Ganesh (Acco ent BBA lopm t NUS Deve rship Recen D Leade BIZA

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

As part of the NUS Lifelong Learners Programme, student enrolment is valid for 20 years from the point of undergraduate/postgraduate admission. As such, all current and future students are automatically eligible for NUS’ publicly available Continuing Education and Training (CET) courses upon graduation and may also stack selected courses into qualifications such as Graduate Diplomas, second Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees.

the ongst e am ed both to cultur ign ilitate eurial is des and fac repren riculum cur dents, the ent cing , the new rit in stu spi embra Fully r generation reneurial ideas. rep iness younge the ent new bus out g of brin eration the gen

interactions with many startup founders, incubators, and entrepreneurship professors up close.

Accounting isn’t just about learning to prepare financial statements. Accounting is the language of business, helping to translate a company’s activities into quantifiable and comparable measures. Understanding a business fully without looking at its financial statements is impossible. Looking back, the accounting knowledge I’ve gathered has been extremely valuable in my internships and international case competitions.

NUS Overseas College South East Asia I’m grateful to have had the opportunity to work in Indonesia for 3 months as part of the NUS Overseas College (NOC) South East Asia programme. NOC exposes students to start-ups in preparation for their own entrepreneurial journey in future. I worked as a Business Development Intern for Prosa.Ai, an Artificial Intelligence company developing Natural Language Processing solutions in Bahasa Indonesia.

Bizad Leadership Development Programme It was during one of our casual chats in my freshmen year that my senior recommended I join the Bizad Leadership Development Programme (BLDP), especially for its summer programme and the friendships he said he had forged with international students. The summer programme was three weeks long, one week each in NUS, Tsinghua University (China) and Indian School of Business (India) working with students on a product idea. I also gleaned knowledge about Entrepreneurship through

While there, immersing myself in a foreign culture was the highlight. I had also been taking Bahasa Indonesia in NUS since Year 2 to prepare for this internship. With my language skills, I had many engaging (and sometimes embarrassing) conversations with the locals every day! It was through this I realized a new language unlocks a whole new part of the world, attracting new stories and experiences to share.

How has the School been instrumental in your personal development as a leader for the future? Through BLDP I had the opportunity to interact with

Why did you decide to pursue the dream of becoming an entrepreneur? Siu Quek

Rui

sell r of Carou unde Co-fo of 2012 Class BBA

I have a passion for technology. Prior to NOC, I wanted to set up cafes, and was interested in

being a high tech fish farmer at one point. But the NOC programme opened my eyes and expanded my love for technology further. It was through my stint at NOC Silicon Valley that I found out what technology can do to make an impact e.g. Facebook, Dropbox. So in May 2012, I co-founded Carousell with my current co-founders Lucas Ngoo and Marcus Tan. After spending a year at NOC Silicon Valley (Stanford University), it spurred me on further to achieve my dream of becoming an entrepreneur. I wanted to start my own business and the programme equipped me with both the practical skills to run my business effectively as the theoretical knowledge from the classroom.

How did NUS and the Business School support you in fulfilling your dream? NUS gave me the support system I needed to pursue my passion and channel all my energy to solve problems and challenges that came along the way. In my experience in Silicon Valley, there is no one to judge you and the culture is such that it inspires people to take risks and there is

Mr Frank Koo, Head of Asia, Talent and Learning Solutions at LinkedIn. One of the discussions we had was on career progression which he says should be seen as a jungle gym where one hops horizontally instead of always climbing a vertical ladder. After learning more about it, I’ve made a mental note to be more open-minded and courageous to swing horizontally and seize opportunities outside my field of work.

Who are the people who have impacted you the most at NUS BIZ? My professors at NUS Business School have played a crucial role in my learning. Their insightful and engaging classes always fuels me to be curious and to learn more. My peers have been a great support during my 4 years in NUS Business School. Beyond just having fun, they have looked out for me and been a constant in my ups and downs.

Do you have any advice for your juniors? My advice to my juniors would be not to pick something because the majority does it. Make your own decisions and you will have your own story to tell. Learn a new language, travel to places unheard of and break conventions!

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

After graduating from Ngee Ann Polytechnic (Diploma in Business Studies), I applied to SMU, NTU and NUS but chose to study at NUS because I was given the Global Merit Scholarship and was also attracted to the NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC) programme that is only offered by NUS. The idea of having the opportunity to gain exposure in Silicon Valley is one of the major draws for me. I never regretted coming to NUS. In fact, NUS has the ecosystem and support that is necessary to develop individuals. It has a robust and well-established infrastructure as well as extensive learning programmes for students, including aspiring entrepreneurs like myself. There are so many opportunities out there, and it is really up to you to decide which programmes you would want to pursue.

Leading in the 21st Century Leading Business with Social Conscience

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Hi Ganesh! Share with us why did you choose to read accountancy?

Why NUS?

Leading Across Borders

University offers far more options than we used to have. One of the best pieces of advice I received was a variation of a quote by Steve Jobs: “Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward…but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.” Work hard, but also, play hard. Don’t be afraid to forge your own unique path and trust that things will work out in the future.

How has the NUS Business School facilitated your pursuit of these academic interests?

FEATURED ALUMNUS

I never regretted coming to NUS. In fact, NUS has the ecosystem and support that is necessary to develop individuals.

Do you have any advice for your juniors? What is the best advice you’ve received?

By its nature, the NUS Business degree gives students time and flexibility to pursue other interests, academic or otherwise. With the new curriculum structure - fewer core modules and more specialisation choices NUS Business School encourages you to either explore across disciplines, or to go more deeply into one.

What have been the most impactful experiences you’ve had in NUS BIZ?

TECHNOLOGY Business Operations & Strategy, Data Analyst, Google Squared Data and Analytics Programme, Order Management Specialist, Partner Manager, Product Messaging Analyst, Project Executive, Purchasing Analyst, R&D Engineer

Leadership & Decision Making under Uncertainty

scale.nus.edu.sg

I believe my DDP and Finance specialisation will place me in a good position for my future career endeavours.

FEATURED ALUMNUS

MODULES ON LEADERSHIP

NUS LIFELONG LEARNING

It is a close fight between the ability to develop varied skills, given the differing natures of my degrees, and time management. Still, time management takes the cake. It has shown me that it is possible to meet multiple deadlines, join a sports CCA (and actually turn up regularly!), sleep and still have a life outside of academics.

Jin

LOGISTICS, MANUFACTURING & SUPPLY CHAIN

Analyst, Branding & Marketing Executive, Enterprise Sales Account, Management Associate, Onboarding & Team Coordinator, Regional Operations Associate

ENTREPRENEURIAL

I was one lost sheep when I had to decide on my university course! There were all sorts of choices, and I had no clue what I wanted to do. Looking for a broad-based, multidisciplinary programme and the possibility of customising my path in the future, I eventually chose to do the NUS Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) with the University Scholars Programme (USP). Being able to stay on campus in USP’s Cinnamon College was a great pull too!

ess r in na e in Busin ce (majo le Degre and Scien amme Alum Doub t NUS in Finance) lars Progr Recen Scho ion ialisat University (spec ics), emat Math

Moh Su

Executive Search, Management Associate, Talent Acquisition

IAL NEUR EPRE ENTR

NURTURING AGILE LEADERS WITH MARKETPLACE IMPACT AND DRIVE FOR LIFELONG LEARNING BIZAD LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (BLDP)

porate g cor hangin of robust fast-c m. ge of the in the a wide ran lities each ry ed in p qua der in out of eve ger dershi be immers p the lea a hun l rners elo ter lea To fos students wilties to dev lifelong lean skills and ke uisitio world, g opportuni ks to ma dge acq learnin ool also seeh knowle The Scht, armed wit w. studen ally gro tinu to con

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Evercore Partners ExxonMobil EY-Parthenon Facebook Fullerton Fund Management Garena General Electric GIC GlaxoSmithKline Goldman Sachs Google Government Technology Agency (GovTech) Grab Great Eastern GroupM Hengli Petrochemical International HSBC iFAST financial Infineon Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) IQVIA J.P. Morgan Johnson & Johnson Julius Baer Jurong Town Corporation (JTC) Kearney Keppel Logistics KPMG L’Orèal Lazada L.E.K. Consulting LVMH Maersk Maersk Management Consultant Mapletree Investments MAS Mastercard McKinsey & Company Microsoft Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Health Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of National Development

What has been your greatest take-away pursuing these programmes, personally and also for the future?

NUSStudentOrganisations

List is not exhaustive.Students can also self-source opportunities.

BUSINESS SCHOOL BIZCAREERS NUS Business School students are highly sought after by global and local companies.

Why did you decide to pursue a Double Degree Programme and also the University Scholars Programme?

Later, I also took on a selfinitiated double degree, to pursue an interest in Mathematics. This decision granted me the best of multiple worlds. I’ve also taken French modules grade-free and modules from the School of Computing.

Join the NUS Students’ Business Club, the premier student organisational body and ideal platform for honing and developing lifelong skills and friendships. Expect regular events organised by this close-knit community of past and present BBA students that promotes creativity, initiative, entrepreneurship and of course, fosters camaraderie.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

WHERE OUR GRADUATES GO

STRY INDU ELEVANT R

FEATURED STUDENT

By its nature, the NUS Business degree gives students time and flexibility to pursue other interests, academic or otherwise. With the new curriculum structure -fewer core modules and more specialisation choices -NUS Business School encourages you to either explore across disciplines, or to go more deeply into one.

CAMPUS LIVING HALLS & RESIDENCES

2009

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

https://bba.nus.edu.sg/student-experience/ exchange-programmes/about-us/

Besides overseas experiences, students can look forward to a vibrant campus life filled with multi-disciplinary programmes. This myriad of opportunities and connection to diverse communities provides the best network of lifelong friendships that see students through their life and career journeys.

STRENGTH

TIMES

GLOBAL IMMERSION

Note: Each Module is worth 4 Modular Credits (MCs) unless indicated otherwise.

https://www.nus.edu.sg/gro/global-programmes/steer

13 2

CHAMPIONS

EDUCATION

Thinking and Expression

STEER PROGRAMMES

GROWING FROM

On the international competitive stage, our Bizad students shine proudly amongst the best in international case competitions. Our track record speaks very much for itself:

Singapore Studies

The STEER programme is designed to build and cultivate familiarity and interests in burgeoning economies in India, the Middle East, Vietnam, China and Brazil.

46 6

Quantitative Reasoning

https://bba.nus.edu.sg/academic-programmes/ special-programmes/nus-overseas-colleges/

, riculum hed cur their and refres in the fully exp culturally ng e nent , inded meani divers compo uired be able to global-m in highly re l as A req nts wil graduate manoeuv to stude and le ab ns, horizo ividuals, s. ind aware ironment env work

NUS Business School hosts our very own competitions on a local and international scale. These competitions engage students from local and overseas universities and are excellent focal points for students to congregate, exchange and share inspiring ideas across borders. Across the years, our competitions include the NUS-Shell Case Competition, UOB-NUS International Case Competition, NUS-SP Group Case Competition and the Nestle-NUS Innovation Challenge.

Asking Questions

Students spend a semester reading courses at an overseas partner university, and in so doing, gain invaluable experience abroad through a culturally-different environment and broaden your outlook and approach to doing business.

A prestigious entrepreneurship development programme that gives NUS students opportunities to work and study in leading entrepreneurial and academic hubs for up to a year.

OUR ACHIEVEMENTS

OF GENERAL

Human Cultures

STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAMME (SEP) NUS OVERSEAS COLLEGES

HOME-GROWN COMPETITIONS

5 THE

Master of Science in Management

Understand how management principles can be applied to social projects Gain awareness of ethical and social causes in society Gain direct experience working on a social project

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

CONCURRENT DEGREE PROGRAMME

TIAL AL & GLOBEXPERIEN

https://uci.nus.edu.sg/ohs/future-residents/ undergraduates/utown/ usp.nus.edu.sg rvrc.nus.edu.sg

OUR ACHIEVEMENTS

Year 3 students have the option to read these intensive one-week experiential modules which provide hands-on learning, driven by the undertaking of actual entrepreneurial or social projects.

GLOBAL & EXPERIENTIAL

Also, the University Scholars Programme (USP) is an undergraduate academic programme that focuses on strengthening core academic and professional skills – writing and critical thinking, analytical and quantitative reasoning, the ability to ask the right questions and pursue research, and the habit of reflecting upon ideas within a broad intellectual landscape.

LEADERSHIP & LIFELONG LEARNING

Executive Director of Wing Tai Holdings Chairman & CEO of Raffles Education Corporation

CHUA SOCK KOONG CHUA TIANG CHOON, KEITH

* Students may apply to pursue self-initiated DDP combinations after the first year of study.

MINOR

DIRECT ADMISSIONS MINOR PAIRINGS FOR BBA

Offered by the University Scholars Programme, Tembusu College, College of Alice and Peter Tan, Residential College 4, and Ridge View Residential College, the NUS Residential Programme is an integrated living and multidisciplinary learning programme which equips students with a holistic understanding of complex issues, fosters an appreciation of differences and diversity, and hones effective communication skills.

General Manager, IBM ASEAN Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, ASEAN, Morgan Stanley

TAN HWEE BIN CHEW HUA SENG

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (ACCOUNTANCY) [BBA (ACC)]

COMPULSORY GLOBAL IMMERSION

Entrepreneurial Boot Camp

PAIRINGS

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL, A WORLD OF DIVERSITY

BoD of UBS AG and UBS Group AG CEO for HSBC Thailand

PATRICIA YIM RONALD ONG

A rigorous and versatile accountancy programme, complemented with a strong business management foundation that grooms our students for the profession.

Refer to the ‘Global and Experiential’ segment of the brochure to find out more!

MAJOR MINOR

NUS RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE PROGRAMMES & UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS PROGRAMME

Chairman of the Institute of Systems Science of National University Singapore

JEANETTE WONG KELVIN TAN

START!

st the mo mises le will lum pro e multip dents curricuns to pursu dies. Stu stu BBA h optio ciplinary reshed ds. The ref isability, wit cross-dis sional fiel fes custom tions andvaried pro lisa in cia lled spe ate ski gradu

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

There is little value in trying to chase something that you know you have no interest in. [...] I encourage my juniors to discover each option for themselves, and choose the path that best fits them, not try to fill into the shoes of another.

PILLARS

Business Analytics**

* Offered by Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences ** Offered by School of Computing

Minister for Sustainability and the Environment

FEATURED ALUMNUS

http://bba.nus.edu/academic-programmes/dcdp/double-degree-programme/ ad-hoc-double-degrees

DIRECT ADMISSIONS

DIRECT ADMISSIONS FOR 2ND MAJOR PAIRINGS FOR BBA

2 SPECIALISATIONS Finance Marketing

1 SPECIALISATION Business Economics

Economics* Psychology* Communications & New Media*

WITH

Head of Asia - Talent and Learning Solutions Assistant Chief Executive (Media and Technology Innovation), Infocomm Media Development Authority of Singapore

GRACE FU

A rigorous and broad-based, but in-depth business management programme that seeks to sharpen and develop the business leader in each of our students.

HONOURS BY

BBA

Executive Chairman & Chief Master Trainer of Adam Khoo Learning Technologies Group Partner and Southeast Asia Treasury Services Leader of Deloitte & Touche LLP

KOO KOK THONG, FRANK LAU HOW SIN, HOWIE

CURRICULUM ROADMAP

2 SPECIALISATIONS Business Analytics Operations & Supply Chain Management

MAJOR OR MINOR

ADAM KHOO KOH THONG WEE, BENNY

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

RESEARCH OR COURSEWORK

PURSUE A SECOND

Founders of Carousell Founder & CEO of CashShield

Embark with us on an A.G.I.L.E. journey with multiple opportunities to acquire both in-depth business and cross-disciplinary expertise.

CUSTOMISABLE WORLD CLASS DEGREE

FROM OVER

Gold medallist at the Commonwealth Games (10m Air Rifle, New Delhi, 2014) and crowned Sportswoman of the Year. Competed in 2012 Summer Olympics

QUEK SIU RUI & MARCUS TAN JUSTIN LIE

CHOOSE FROM

NUS Business School recognises the need to empower our students to be A.G.I.L.E. for a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) world. With the enhanced holistic programme, our students are groomed to possess multiple skill sets in several disciplines and the know-how to problem-solve new business challenges, producing quality leaders who thrive in a volatile, dynamic marketplace.

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

Director, Business Development, Bengawan Solo Pte Ltd

JASMINE SER XIANG WEI

TAN KHANG HWEE, LEONARD Founder & Executive Chairman of Purple Click Media Pte Ltd

CURRICULUM ROADMAP

25 OPTIONS

BEYOND BBA

LIEW TECK WAYE, HENRY

JANET ANG

CLASS OF

PURSUE A SECOND MAJOR OR MINOR FROM OVER

MAJORS MINORS

BUSINESS ANALYTICS

CLASS OF

PROGRAMMES

DIRECT ADMISSIONS TO 2ND &

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

1990'S

LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

STREAMLINED

DIRECT HONOURS

OR HEA

REPREN

FINANCIAL TIMES EMBA RANGKINGS 2019 (The NUS Executive MBA)

ACADEMIC GLOBAL AND EXPERIENTIAL INDUSTRY RELEVANT LEADERSHIP & LIFELONG LEARNING ENTREPRENEURIAL

SPECIALISATIONS IN

HEAD

RATIONS

OR OPE

ENT ATE OR

QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS® 2014/15 university-wide

PROGRAMME HIGHLIGHTS

OUR ALUMNI

CLASS OF

GLO

BLOOMBERG BUSINESSWEEK BEST INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOLS 2017 (Full time MBA)

FINANCIAL TIMES EXECUTIVE EDUCATION RANKING 2017 (Customised Programmes)

AGILE

FINANCIAL TIMES EMBA RANKINGS 2020 (UCLA-NUS EMBA Programme)

FINANCIAL TIMES EMBA RANKINGS 2016 NUS - UCLA Executive MBA

2000'S

LOC BAL OR

QS GLOBAL EXECUTIVE MBA RANGKINGS 2020 (NUS Asia-Pacific Executive MBA)

QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS BY SUBJECT 2020 in the world (for business and management studies)

POETS & QUANTS INTERNATIONAL MBA RANKING 2019 The NUS MBA

NUS BUSINESS SCHOOL

. NESS BUSI NUS POLICY

2018 FINANCIAL TIMES ASIA-PACIFIC BUSINESS SCHOOLS QS GLOBAL MBA RANGKINGS 2020 (IN ASIA)

Be AGILE, Be YOU

no concept of failure; inspiring me to just do what I am most passionate about. I also benefitted from the supportive mentorship from the Business School. I did well for my GCE O levels but instead of going to a good Junior College, I decided to take up Business Studies in Ngee Ann Polytechnic instead. One of the reasons was because I enjoy challenges and coming up with ideas that work. When we had the Ideation grant ($7,000) from NUS Enterprise just right after my exams, I wanted to focus on my dream to become an entrepreneur. I spoke to my faculty’s Vice-Dean about dropping my honours programme, which is not something that most students would do. I was quite amazed that Prof Hum Sin Hoon was very encouraging and supportive of the idea and did not really dissuade me of my decision.

Rinse and check – Rinse thoroughly and check in the mirror that teeth and braces are clean.

六岁以下患有龋齿的孩子可称为患有幼儿龋齿。在新加坡，每十名幼儿中就有四名患有幼儿龋齿。

5. Hold the floss tightly against the tooth. Gently scrape the side of the tooth with a sliding motion.

乳牙龋齿的发展可导致牙痛，造成饮食问题及影响您孩童的睡眠。严重的龋齿也可导致口腔感染和面部肿胀，影响您孩童恒牙的发育。

幸好龋齿是可预防的！提早辨认及处理导致您孩童患有幼儿龋齿的因素可帮助预防健康牙齿的龋坏。

6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 on the rest of your teeth, with a new section of floss for every tooth.

Early Childhood Caries 幼儿龋齿

Our nurses will be happy to provide a demonstration of the above technique to you at our clinic. Please enquire with your orthodontist. Please also remember to bring your toothbrush along at every visit.

经常和长期喝富糖的饮料 If you have difficulty brushing with a normal toothbrush, you can consider using an electric toothbrush. You still have to use the correct angle and follow the tooth brushing procedure described above.

除了汽水和糖浆饮料，果汁、配方牛奶甚至母乳都是含糖的！按需供给与长时间地让您孩童喝此类的饮料可造成上门牙龋齿。这并不美观，也可能影响到您孩童的自信。宝宝在一岁后就不应该再用奶瓶了。

Angle – Clean into your gum margin and through your braces with the toothbrush tilted at a 45° angle to ensure these areas are cleaned thoroughly.

蛋糕）

Action – Vibrate or jiggle brush head gently, with the bristles remaining in the same place.

我们口腔中导致龋齿的牙菌斑最喜欢甜食了。经常食用甜食（比如：每小时吃一颗糖果或一块饼干）会导致牙菌斑产生大量的酸，造成龋齿。限制您孩童食用糖果、巧克力和甜点能助于降低龋齿的风险。

Flossing

幼儿龋齿的病因与预防措施是什么？

Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between the teeth and under the gumline, where your toothbrush cannot reach. It is possible and necessary to floss your teeth when you have braces. 1. Break off about 30cm of floss. With the help of a floss threader, pass one end of the floss below the orthodontic arch wire in the gap between the braces. Remove the floss threader.

请浏览我们的网站了解更多关于防范幼儿龋齿的详细。

Good orthodontic treatment results can only be attained with informed, cooperative patients and parents. Successful treatment results from the team effort of patients, parents, the orthodontist and the family dentist

Tooth decay in children under the age of 6 is known as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC affects 4 out of 10 preschool children in Singapore. Why bother? Decay on milk teeth can progress and cause toothaches which can affect your child’s eating and sleeping. Severe decay can lead to dental infection and facial swelling, which can affect the development of your child’s adult teeth. You’re right! Milk teeth eventually drop, but they don’t drop as early as you think they do! The molars (teeth at the back) only drop when your child is between 10-12 years old. Imagine having all that infection going on for so many years. Thankfully, decay is preventable! Identifying and addressing the risk factors that caused ECC in your child will help to prevent decay on their other teeth.

For best results in the shortest time, you are advised to: Frequent and prolonged consumption of liquids containing sugar Apart from soft drinks and syrup drinks; fruit juices, formula milk and even breast milk, all have sugars in them too! When given to your child on demand and for a prolonged duration each time, these drinks can cause decay at the upper front teeth. Decay at the upper front teeth can be unsightly and may affect your child’s confidence. Wean your child off the bottle by age 1 year.

5 Second Hospital Avenue Singapore 168938 • Tel: (65) 6324 8802 • Fax: (65) 6324 8810 Email: enquiries@ndcs.com.sg • www.ndcs.com.sg • Reg. No. 199505641

For more advice on preventing decay, visit our website.

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Information in this brochure is designed for educational purposes only. It is not to be used to make any diagnosis or treatment of a health problem or disease. Always consult a qualified healthcare provided if you suspect you may have a problem. All rights reserved © National Dental Centre of Singapore. Not to be reproduced or distributed without the written permission of the National Dental Centre of Singapore.

What is a removable appliance? A removable orthodontic appliance is worn to correct early dental problems. These include bite problems such as an overbite, single tooth problems, jaw expansion, or to treat problems related to the jaw position.

The appliance is fixed onto your teeth and you must not attempt to remove or adjust it. If your band becomes loose or the appliance is damaged, please inform your orthodontist and an appointment will be arranged for you to be seen as soon as possible.

Food and drinks with high sugar content (e.g. sweets and soft drinks)

Difficulty with chewing Changes to speech Increase in saliva flow

Brushing

If the appliance malfunctions, you may need to return for a visit. Please call our clinic at (65) 6324 8802 or email us at enquiries@ndcs.com.sg if:

How to use your removable appliance? Clean the inner surfaces – Use the same brushing action to thoroughly clean behind each tooth as well.

It is very important to follow your orthodontist’s instructions about how and when to wear the appliance, as treatment will only work if the appliance is used correctly. Only remove the appliance when cleaning or participating in contact sports. After removing it, place it in the protective box provided immediately to avoid losing or damaging it.

Cleaning your teeth Brackets, wires and bands can all trap food particles and make it difficult to brush or floss away plaque. Plaque is a sticky layer of harmful bacteria, food, saliva and debris which, if built up, can attack your teeth and gums, causing cavities and gum disease. Brushing and flossing after every meal and snack is the only way to prevent plaque build-up, tooth decay and gum disease.

These symptoms will pass once you become used to wearing the appliance.

Cleaning the gum margins – Using the correct technique again, clean the gum margins and all the outer surfaces of your upper and lower teeth.

Eating hard food or biting on large pieces of food may dislodge the brackets or bands and damage the wires. Do cut hard fruits into small and thin pieces before eating them. Avoid biting on nails or pencils. The appliance itself cannot harm teeth, but food and bacteria which accumulate around it can lead to decay and gum disease if not removed.

You can expect some discomfort after the appliance is first fitted. These include:

Teeth feeling sore or loose

Foods to avoid:

•

Issues you may encounter with your removable appliance.

Tightness in the fit of the appliance

Initially, there may be some discomfort and soreness of the lip, cheeks, gums and teeth. This will decline with wear. Should you experience severe pain, please contact your orthodontist.

Practise good oral hygiene

Do remember that following directions and recommendations are your responsibility. Your orthodontist will encourage you, but cannot assume responsibility for making sure instructions are followed.

@ ndcs.sg

Care of your braces

Hard food (e.g. nuts, tough meat)

Your orthodontist might need to change the procedures and goals of your treatment if you do not keep to the above rules. Treatment may also be suspended, leading to possible problems involving teeth, gums, jaw joints or severe relapse of tooth positions. Cooperation throughout treatment is your best way of ensuring a pleasing smile and a good bite at the end of treatment.

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Sticky food (e.g. chewing gum and toffee)

See your family dentist regularly e.g. every six months during the course of your orthodontic treatment

5 Second Hospital Avenue Singapore 168938 • Tel: (65) 6324 8802 • Fax: (65) 6324 8810 Email: enquiries@ndcs.com.sg • www.ndcs.com.sg • Reg. No. 199505641

@ ndcs.sg

•

Eat a well-balanced diet

What causes ECC and how can I prevent it?

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•

Care for the braces to reduce breakage. Call the clinic immediately should you experience loose or broken appliances

The decay-causing bacteria in our mouths love sweet food. Frequent consumption of sweet food (for e.g. eating a sweet or a biscuit every hour) causes the bacteria to produce a lot of acid, resulting in decay. Limiting your child’s consumption of sweets, chocolates and sweet snacks can help to reduce the risk of decay.

5 Second Hospital Avenue Singapore 168938 • Tel: (65) 6324 8802 • Fax: (65) 6324 8810 Email: enquiries@ndcs.com.sg • www.ndcs.com.sg • Reg. No. 199505641

Keep to scheduled appointments

Wear the rubber bands, headgear or retainers as instructed (failure to do so is the most common cause of inferior results and increased treatment time)

Frequent consumption of sweets, chocolates and sweet snacks (biscuits and cakes)

Poor oral hygiene due to infrequent or improper tooth brushing can result in plaque accumulation, causing decay and gum disease. Ensure that thorough tooth brushing is done at least twice a day. Your child should fall asleep with clean teeth! This means no eating or drinking anything (except plain water) after your child’s teeth are brushed at night.

Removable Appliance

Information for Orthodontic Patients

If a part of your appliance is broken and you think you may have swallowed it, please visit the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of your nearest hospital for assessment.

Correct Brushing Technique:

经常食用糖果、巧克力和甜点（饼干和

不经常刷牙或不正确的刷牙方式可导致不良的口腔卫生与牙菌斑的积累，从而形成龋齿或牙龈疾病。每天至少要仔细刷两次牙。您孩童在睡觉前应该有一口干净的牙齿！这意味着您孩子在晚上刷牙后应该禁止饮食（除了白开以外）。

3. Hold the floss taut between your thumbs and index fingers with about 5cm of floss between them. 4. Using a gentle sawing motion, guide the floss between your teeth and gums.

这与我相干？

没错！乳牙终究会脱落，却并没您想的那么早！臼齿（后牙）只会在您孩童十至十二岁才脱落。让感染持续这么多年绝不是一件好事。

2. Wind each end of the floss around each index finger.

You are unsure about any of the instructions you have been given. The appliance does not seem to fit properly. You are experiencing discomfort such as sore spots on your gums after having worn the appliance continuously for some time. The appliance is lost or broken.

Insert and seat the appliance with both hands, moving from the front to the back.

Cleaning the chewing surfaces – Use a short back and forth action to clean the flat chewing and grinding surfaces of the back teeth.

Do not bite the appliance into place. Do not play with the appliance by clicking it in and out with your tongue as this will cause it to become loose or break.

Remove your elastics/rubber bands

Take out your appliance using the wires at the back.

Clean your braces first – Using the correct brushing angle and action, clean around the wires on both sides to ensure all plaque and food particles are removed. When you have finished cleaning your top teeth, repeat with the bottom teeth.

Clean your appliance with a soft toothbrush and toothpaste at least twice a day in the morning and evening, and after meals.

If a part of your appliance is dislodged and you think you may have swallowed it, please visit the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of your nearest hospital for assessment.

CLINICAL MEASUREMENT CENTRE

PSYCHOLOGY

Nerve Conduction Study & Electromyography (EMG)

A Note of Encouragement No one’s life is perfect; everyone has struggles. Sometimes, we need extra help to make sense of and cope with these struggles. Seeing a psychologist could be the first step in paving the road to a richer, fuller and more meaningful life.

Sengkang General Hospital 110 Sengkang East Way Singapore 544886

How to See a Psychologist

General Enquiries/Appointments: 6930 6000 appointments@skh.com.sg

If you would like to see a psychologist, please speak to your doctor to talk about a referral.

www.skh.com.sg SengkangGeneralHospital

Psychology Services

General Enquiries/Appointments: 6930 6000 appointments@skh.com.sg www.skh.com.sg SengkangGeneralHospital

For more enquiries, please contact Sengkang General Hospital’s main line at 6930 6000.

Clinical Measurement Centre 71300-001-0319 Information is correct as at printing (March 2019).

Department of Psychology 71315-001-0318 Information is correct at time of printing (March 2018).

Preparing for the test(s) -

What is a Nerve Conduction Study (NCS)? A nerve conduction study (NCS) measures how well and how fast the nerves in your body can send electrical signals.

What is Electromyography (EMG)? Electromyography (EMG) is a needle electrode examination which measures the activity of muscles and the nerves that control them.

You are taking blood thinning medications, such as Aspirin, Plavix or Warfarin

During NCS, you may feel a slight sensation caused by the electrical impulses but a majority of patients are able to tolerate the discomfort. Only a very low-voltage current is used during the test. During EMG, you may experience some discomfort during needle insertion. Some bruising or swelling is expected after the test. Applying an ice pack on the swollen area can help to ease with the swelling.

When will I receive the results? Our neurologist will analyse the results which your doctor will share with you at your next visit.

The NCS is a relatively safe test with no side effects.

The above procedures are conducted for investigation purposes and are NOT a form of treatment.

You have metal implants in your body (e.g. pacemaker or other medical device)

What can I expect on the day of the test?

What are the risks of doing the tests? The EMG involves the use of sterilised needle electrodes on certain muscles which may cause some pain and discomfort. We will minimise the risk of bruising and infection where the needle is inserted.

Do not apply any lotion on your skin before the test Wear loose clothes Inform us if:

Why do I need NCS and/or EMG done? Your doctor may recommend you to go for these test(s) if you are experiencing the following symptoms:   

Numbness ‘Glove or stocking’ distribution Tingling sensation

 

Pins and needles sensation Weakness in your arms and legs

About Us The Department of Psychology provides psychological assessment and intervention services for various health and mental health issues. As psychologists, we help our patients to manage and improve their psychological health and general well-being. Our aim is to support our patients in living healthier and more meaningful lives.

Other Psychological Issues

What is Psychotherapy?

 Anger Management  Grief and Bereavement  Relationship Issues  Stress and Burnout

Psychotherapy provides a safe environment for patients to openly talk about their difficulties. We help patients to understand their thoughts, emotions and behaviours that keep them from feeling their best. Patients will learn skills to better cope with challenges that they currently face and that may arise in the future.

Our Range of Services We offer a comprehensive range of services for the following*:

Neurocognitive Disorders  Dementia  Stroke  Traumatic Brain Injury

Psychological Disorders • • • • • • • • • •

Adjustment Disorder Anxiety Disorders Bipolar Disorder Depression Insomnia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Panic Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Phobias Somatic Symptom Disorder

What is a Neuropsychology Assessment? Health-Related Issues  Adjusting to/Coping with Illness  Chronic Pain  Diabetes  Irritable Bowel Syndrome  Weight Management

*list is non-exhaustive

A neuropsychology assessment examines a patient’s cognitive (i.e. thinking skills), emotional and behavioural functioning through a detailed interview and standardised tests. Through the assessment, we can help patients identify and make sense of their difficulties, and to adjust and adapt to challenges they face in their day-to-day living.

PSYCHIATRY

HOSPITAL-TO-HOME PROGRAMME

What is BRIGHT?

HOSPITAL TO HOME

A group-based mental wellness coaching programme for seniors in the community

Supporting you in your recovery after hospitalisation

SKH Hospital-to-Home (H2H) Programme Caring for yourself or your loved ones after hospital discharge can be emotionally and physically demanding. That is why Sengkang General Hospital (SKH) has a Hospitalto-Home (H2H) programme that can help you better manage care at home and ease the transition from hospital to home.

What are our services? The H2H programme is run by a team of nurses, doctors and allied health professionals from SKH who will review your healthcare needs and work with you to develop a care plan that can help optimise your health. Depending on your needs, a nurse will care for you for a period of 3-6 months by making regular telephone calls and/or home visits by appointment.

Who is this programme for?

When required, a doctor may visit you at home to stabilise your medical condition and reduce complications.

Seniors who are maintaining well in the community but are also at risk of depression or anxiety.

A therapist may also visit you to assess your home environment and share rehabilitation tips with you or your caregiver(s) if you have problems with mobility, activities of daily living like bathing, speech and/or swallowing.

How can BRIGHT help me? The programme focuses on the important aspects and common challenges in ageing. It is designed around the theme of resilience building and comprises both learning and hands-on sessions. There will be opportunities for sharing, reflection, discussion, crafts, and role play.

What are the charges like? The H2H programme is partially supported by government subsidies which are given based on means testing. You must complete the MOH Means Test Declaration Form to be considered for the subsidies. The charges that you may be required to pay will depend on the type of home visit you require (medical, nursing or therapy, if any) and the means testing result. 1

BRIGHT

BUILDING RESILIENCE IN GERIATRIC HEALTH TODAY

Manage important transitions and changes in your life (e.g. role and identity changes, as well as common losses in line with ageing).

Live healthy and well at home or in the community, including taking better charge of your condition.

Pick up basic digital skills.

What can you do to help? During the home visit, it is important that the main caregiver be present to facilitate communication. To manage your care holistically, a patient navigator will carry out assessments and discuss with you or your caregiver(s) on your care needs.

What should you do if your condition deteriorates suddenly?

You will learn how to:

Interact better with people around you, including communicating your thoughts and feelings.

H2H charges do not cover medication, consumables or laboratory tests should you require any. Any medication will be charged at prevailing rates. Any consumables and investigations will be charged at private rates.

Please note that H2H is not an emergency response service and is not a substitute for your medical appointments. Our visits are by appointment only. Please contact us 1 working day in advance should you wish to reschedule the visit.

Practise selfcompassion and gratitude.

How is the programme conducted? You will attend four to five half-day group workshops either face-to-face or virtually. The programme consists of talks and activities conducted by Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Medical Social Workers. You will be provided access to a mobile application that focuses on your mental wellness to help you apply your newly learnt skills to age gracefully.

Should your condition deteriorate suddenly, please seek medical attention immediately from the nearest medical facility that can attend to your needs. Useful Information Hospital-to-Home (H2H) Programme Mondays to Fridays (Except Public Holidays), 8am to 5pm Nurse’s Name: Contact Number: 8157 2311 / 8318 2540 / 8125 1631 / 8428 9735 / 9787 3548 Ambulance Services Emergency Non-Emergency

995 1777 2

CURRICULUM OVERVIEW FOR SCIENCE PROGRAMMES Year 1, Semester 1 Year 1, Semester 2

Introductory Biology (3 AU)

Principles of Modern Chemistry (3 AU)

Mathematics I (4 AU)

Physics (3 AU)

Living with Relativity and School Core / Mathematics II Climate Change Quantum Physics Major PE (4 AU) (3 AU) (3 AU) (3 AU)

Algorithms & Computing I (2 AU)

Intro Research Methodology (3 AU)

Absolute Basics for Career GER-Core (1 AU)

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Research Experience (3 AU)

Sustainability GER-Core (1 AU)

Ethics GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 1, Special Term

Overseas Learning Trip

Making and Tinkering (4 AU)

Year 2, Semester 1

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Research Attachment 1 (4 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (3 AU)

Year 2, Semester 2

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (3 AU)

Writing and Reasoning GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 3, Semester 1

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (3 AU)

Enterprise, Career Power Up Innovation & GER-Core Leadership (1 AU) GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 3, Semester 2

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (3 AU)

Singapore Studies GER-Core (3 AU)

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (3 AU)

MAKING & TINKERING

Year 4, Semester 1 Year 4, Semester 2

Hamball: A Spherical Rolling Robit with Jumping Capabilities

Overseas Final Year Project (12 AU) School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

CURRICULUM OVERVIEW FOR ENGINEERING PROGRAMMES

Year 1, Semester 2

Introductory Biology (3 AU)

Principles of Modern Chemistry (3 AU)

Mathematics I (4 AU)

Physics (3 AU)

Living with School Core / Relativity and Mathematics II Climate Change Major PE Quantum Physics (4 AU) (3 AU) (3 AU) (3 AU)

The Product Prototyping project was one of the highlights of my university experience. We spent a summer designing and building a Hamball project of our own choice. The project has also provided an avenue for us to experiment and test our ideas.”

VISION

Computing (3 AU)

Intro Research Methodology (3 AU)

Sustainability GER-Core (1 AU)

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Research Experience (3 AU)

Absolute Basics for Career GER-Core (1 AU)

Ethics GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 1, Special Term

Overseas Learning Trip

Making and Tinkering (4 AU)

Year 2, Semester 1

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Research Attachment 1 (4 AU)

Year 2, Semester 2

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Writing and Reasoning GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 3, Semester 1

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Enterprise, Career Power Up Innovation & GER-Core Leadership (1 AU) GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 3, Semester 2

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Singapore Studies GER-Core (3 AU)

Year 3, Special Term

Professional Attachment (5 AU)

Year 4, Semester 1

Overseas Final Year Project (8 AU)

Year 4, Semester 2

School Core / Major PE (3 AU)

Unrestricted Elective (0-10 AU)

Year 2, Special Term

Joint PhD at Year 5 onwards NTU or Overseas (Optional)

WHY CHOOSE CNYSP?

Scholarship Award Multi-Disciplinary Curriculum Overseas Final Year Project Overseas Learning Trip Global Exchange Experience Hands-On Learning & Problem-Solving Skills Projects Guaranteed Hall Stay Academic Guidance by CNYSP Alumni Meeting World Class Leaders in Science and Engineering Joint PhD at NTU/Overseas University (optional)

Pinteraction: A Dynamic Array of Symphonic Motion

With minimal knowledge and background, I had to learn on the job, from the design and construction of mechanical structure, to the integration of electronics and electrical circuitry, and finally the programming and implementation of user interface. These have provided me with tremendous learning opportunities in both software and hardware skill sets.”

NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY CN Yang Scholars Programme 50 Nanyang Avenue SS3-B2-15 Singapore 639798

CN YANG SCHOLARS PROGRAMME : (65) 6514 1900 : D-CNYang@ntu.edu.sg www.ntu.edu.sg/cnyang-scholars instagram.com/ntucnysp facebook.com/NTUCNYSP

CN YANG SCHOLARS PROGRAMME

ENGINEERING Aerospace Engineering Bioengineering Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Computer Science Electrical & Electronic Engineering Environmental Engineering Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering

NANYANG SCHOLARSHIP • Subsidised tuition fees after tuition grant • Living allowance of S$6,000 per annum • Travel grant of S$5,000 for overseas study or exchange programme (one-off) • Accommodation allowance up to S$2,000 per annum for scholars in NTU halls only

• Computer allowance of S$1,500 (one-off) • Book allowance of S$500 per annum • Settling-in allowance of S$250 (one-off)

OVERSEAS FINAL YEAR PROJECT (OFYP) CN Yang Scholars will undertake their Overseas Final Year Project as a research attachment at a reputable overseas university for up to 8 months, with full financial support from this programme. This allows scholars to gain insights into the breadth and diversity of research work in an international environment, thereby providing them with an all-rounded and enriching learning experience.

CNYSP Overseas Trip to Europe 2017

True to the spirit of interdisciplinary learning, scholars then visited the Brain Mind Institute in École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) for a series of lectures on Neuroscience and the current experimental methods involved. This was followed by a

COURSE ELIGIBILITY SCIENCES Biological Sciences Chemistry & Biological Chemistry Environmental Earth Systems Science Mathematical Sciences Physics & Applied Physics

SCHOLARSHIP AWARD

Chen Kai Jun Mechanical Engineering Year 3

OVERSEAS LEARNING TRIP

The scholars visited the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland, where they attended various lectures on the theory and applications of particle physics, participated in workshops where they built their own DIY cloud chambers, and went on lab tours to visit the various experiments carried out along the Large Hadron Collider.

MISSION

A premier Science and Engineering To provide multi-disciplinary education programme to nurture innovators with and problem solving skills through global perspectives research

Hoang Huong Giang Aerospace Engineering Year 2

Joint PhD at Year 5 onwards NTU or Overseas (Optional)

Year 1, Semester 1

The CN Yang Scholars Programme (CNYSP), named after Professor CN Yang (Nobel Laureate in Physics 1957), is specially designed for exceptional students who have a deep passion for research in science and engineering fields. Highly competitive with only 50 students selected annually, the CNYSP offers a rigorous and intensive multidisciplinary curriculum that encompasses all branches of science and mathematics. The programme is also tailored to provide students with multitudinous opportunities in research, both locally and overseas. In particular, the Overseas Final Year Projects and research attachments serve to broaden the scholars’ global perspectives. At the end of the undergraduate study, CNYSP graduates are given an option to pursue postgraduate study (PhD) with a scholarship in NTU or Joint PhD overseas.

The course “Making & Tinkering” allows students to design and build prototypes, from concept to reality, for Science & Engineering applications. Students gain hands-on technical experience, including software and hardware integration, during the prototype design and development phases, under the guidance of experienced supervisors. This course serves to cultivate the students’ enthusiasm for exploring novel and creative ideas, as well as develop their problem-solving and logical thinking skills.

Year 2, Special Term

Year 3, Special Term

INTRODUCTION

(previously known as Introduction to Product Prototyping)

subsequent visit to Campus Biotech, a Swiss center of excellence in Biotechnology and Life Science research, where exciting cuttingedge research is being conducted in the fields of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering. Finally, the scholars visited Paul Scherrer Institute to gain insights pertaining to environmental research and clean technology. That said, this institute hosts numerous professors and students working on a large variety of projects, with research ranging from proton therapy to experiments making use of the new X-Ray Free Electron Laser (SwissFEL) for studies on macromolecular structures.

The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School provided me with excellent scientific training in both practical and theoretical aspects. Living and working in Boston, a top healthcare and biomedical hub, provided me with an international stage, enriching the overseas experience. Scientists and physicians who were experts in the field mentored me, and this helped me push the boundaries of conventional methodology, giving rise to bold and interdisciplinary schools of thought.”

CNYSP Overseas Trip to US 2017

The scholars embarked on an Overseas Educational Trip to the United States. They visited sunny San Diego and spent a week in Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego (Scripps). Scripps is a world-renowned, leading research institution for ocean, earth and atmospheric science. The scholars were given a warm welcome to the Institution, starting with an eye-opening visit to the US Navy FLIP research vessel docked on MARFAC pier. They were also invited to attend a SURF seminar and had a great time interacting with SURF students. Next, the scholars visited two observatories – Palomar Observatory and Mount Wilson Observatory. Palomar Observatory is home

Akshay Mamidi Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Year 4 Location: Harvard Medical School, USA Overseas Supervisor: Dr Mark C. Poznansky Project Title: B Cell therapy for wound healing

to three active research telescopes, one of which is a 200-inch Hale telescope that is used every night for astronomical research. The Mt Wilson Observatory in Los Angeles County involved a long and winding road up Mount Wilson to its 1,740 metre peak. Lastly, the scholars visited the world’s largest gravitational wave observatory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) located in Caltech, Los Angeles. The three days spent at Caltech was filled with knowledge-packed lectures conducted by Professor Alan J. Weinstein. Needless to say, the scholars had an extremely enriching time in Scripps, LIGO and the two observatories.

The trip to CERN served as an eye-opener to me as it is an organisation that extends the frontiers of physics. I was also fascinated by the real-life applications of biology in genetics, neuroprosthetics and brain projects during the visits to EPFL and Campus Biotech. In fact, these visits offered me inspirations for the pursuit of my Overseas Final Year Project.”

The trip was both exciting and eye-opening. As an earth science student, I used to dismiss topics like biology and astrophysics as I failed to see their relevance to me. However, the trip made me realise the importance of holistic perspective and interdisciplinary research in order to approach complex issues.”

P. Mathangi Biological Sciences, Year 2

Maria Irene Inggrid Environmental Earth Systems Science, Year 2

The Overseas Final Year Project scheme has allowed me the amazing opportunity to delve into the research field of High Energy Physics, beyond what NTU has to offer. It has been incredibly enriching and inspiring to work with experts at the forefront of research in UCL!” Quek Cai Shan Physics and Applied Physics Year 4 Location: University College London, UK Overseas Supervisor: Professor Konstantinidis Project Title: Higgs-pair production both decaying to b-bbar

Working with Prof Hii and her group has truly been an eyeopening experience. Research work has never felt more new and exciting. Lively discussions with diverse group members and the independence of a personal project have given me a chance to experience learning with a broader perspective.” Meldon Wee Yi Shuo Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Year 4 Location: Imperial College London, UK Overseas Supervisor: Professor King Kuok (Mimi) Hii Project Title: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of cyclometalated palladium complexes

The University of Michigan was an amazing place to be; some of the best engineering research in the country gets accomplished there and the coziness of Ann Arbor was a great peek into life in the USA. My research on workstation simulation in military vehicles has taught me so much, especially with the help of my mentor, Dr Matthew Reed. It was a wonderful way to end off my university life, and I am forever grateful to the CNYSP Office for the chance.” Tan Young Kiat Zenn Mechanical Engineering Graduated in 2017 Location: University of Michigan, USA Overseas Supervisor: Dr Matthew P. Reed Project Title: Implementing design tools for military vehicles in an open-source computer-aided engineering framework

www.osram.com

Architectural

Hospitality

Entertainment

Retail

Distinctive architectural elements deserve to be noticed; OSRAM flexible lighting systems provide a map of light that leads the eye to appreciate their splendor. Various illumination solutions exude concentrated radiance, elegantly distinguishing intricate facades, walls, and borders. Melding technology with simplicity, OSRAM bring your signature interior and exterior architectural features into focus.

Instantly captivate the mind, reward the eye, and evoke emotion with OSRAM customized illumination. OSRAM full system solutions leverage light to infuse atmospheres with serenity and intrigue; the mood enhancing possibilities are as endless as the imagination. Flexible fixtures and intelligent controls ensure flawless integration into any space, subtly putting guests at ease with unforgettable environments.

Breathe excitement into audiences and create memorable experiences for guests through the influence of OSRAM dynamic lighting. No other element can so dramatically and effortlessly transform any environment or inspire a memory or engage its guests, unlike OSRAM lighting experts who create strategic lighting scenarios in anticipation; setting the scene to bold media and façade solutions.

Light is among the most essential and effective sales tools in the retail industry. OSRAM understand retail thematic lighting design in conveying the quality of merchandise, strengthening branding and display highlights, and ability to charm consumers. OSRAM gracefully accentuate goods, effortlessly lead clientele through product displays, and ultimately inspire a decision to purchase.

From left to right

O’Hare International Airport - Chicago, USA

Le Meridien Etoile - Paris, France

Trans Studio Roller Coaster - Bandung, Indonesia

UNIQLO Outlet - Taipei, Taiwan

Air Navigation Tower - Batumi, Georgia

Hotel Beni - Osaka, Japan

Lotte World Amusement - Seoul, Korea

Mexx Fashion Store - Den Bosch, Switzerland

Siemens - Zug, Switzerland

BASF (Interior) - New Jersey, USA

CRUSH Teen Club at Atlantis - The Bahamas

Esprit Fashion - Hong Kong

www.osram.com

Our Global Positioning

It’s more than light: It’s an invitation Discover maximum effect with minimum energy consumption!

Head Office Germany OSRAM LICHT AG Munich

For the future of OSRAM and long-term success it is highly important to create and preserve a strong business culture by defining the core, values and the vision.

W www.osram.com E webmaster@osram.com

OUR CORE The global and timeless essence of our company and brand is “Passion for light – Solutions for life”.

Regional Offices

OUR VISION We are the preferred choice of our customers and employees because we deliver breakthrough lighting innovations and create sustainable value.

Leading We offer premium brands for nearly 100 years – we are driven by the ambition to perform at the highest level and we set ourselves clear goals to stay ahead of the pack. That makes OSRAM a leading lighting expert. Pioneering OSRAM delivers cutting-edge lighting solutions. We embrance an entrepreneurial culture for our people and processes. Our inventive spirit enables us to transform visionary ideas into light and bring them rapidly to market. We are open to, and drive, positive change.

SEE THE WORLD IN A NEW LIGHT

OUR VALUES This is the individual and collective mindset that forms the basis of company and brand actions.

Hong Kong OSRAM Asia Pacific Limited Hong Kong

China OSRAM China Lighting Ltd. Shanghai

Singapore OSRAM Pte. Ltd. Singapore

W www.osram.com.hk E oapac_glsalesaps@osram.com

W www.osram.com.cn E csr_trade@crm-cn.osram.com

W www.osram.com.sg E oapac_glsalesaps@osram.com

T +852 3652 5678 F +852 2877 3913

T +86 21 5385 2848 F +86 21 6482 1219

T +65 6552 2110 F +65 6552 7117

Australia OSRAM Australia Pty. Ltd. Sydney

Korea OSRAM Korea Co. Ltd. Seoul

India OSRAM India Private Ltd. New Delhi

W www.osram.com.au E sales@osram.com.au

Inspiring To OSRAM light is not only our business, it is also a means of improving the quality of life. Our light can be warm, inviting, cool, powerful, relaxing or energy-boosting – it has an effect on emotions, style, design and wellness. It is about people and inspiring our customers to dream of new ways to bring light into their lives.

Sale Offices

W www.osram.co.kr E webmaster@osram.co.kr

W www.osramindia.com E info-india@osram.com

T +61 2 9481 8399 F +61 2 9980 9127

T +82 2 554 4112 F +82 2 556 1644

T +91 124 238 3180 F +91 124 238 3182

Responsible OSRAM is committed to acting in a respon sible way in every aspect, for every stakeholder. Binding rules ensure our business behavior is ethically, ecologically and socially correct. We work closely with our customers, who appreciate our reliability and collaborative spirit. We see nature as an indispensable resource, which has to be respected and preserved. In our global business, we always maintain our local perspective.

Indonesia PT. OSRAM Indonesia Jakarta

Thailand OSRAM Thailand Co. Ltd. Bangkok

Malaysia OSRAM Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur

W www.osram.co.id E webmaster@osram.co.id

W www.osram.co.th E info.oct@osram.com

W www.osram.com.my E askosram@osram.com

T +62 21 590 0127 F +62 21 590 0559

T +662 763 5755 F +662 763 5756

T +60 3 7959 0000 F +60 3 7959 0011

Japan OSRAM Japan Ltd. Yokohama

Taiwan OSRAM Taiwan Co. Ltd. Taipei

Vietnam OSRAM Representative Ho Chi Minh

W www.osram.jp E oapac_glsalesaps@osram.com

W www.osram.com.tw E oapac_glsalesaps@osram.com

W www.osram.com E oapac_glsalesaps@osram.com

T +81 45 323 5129 F +81 45 323 5155

T +886 2 2513 1799 F +886 2 2509 6782

T +84 8 3910 6625 F +84 8 3910 6713

OSRAM BUSINESSES Disclaimer: All images used are for illustrative purposes only. Liability exempted for textual errors or omissions. OSRAM copyrights reserved 2013. S-GI-AP-MK

T +49 89 6213 0 F +49 89 6213 2020

Surgical Specialists Centre

Risks of POEM

Surgical Specialists Centre

How are thyroid nodules treated?

University Surgical Centre Kent Ridge Wing Level 5 Email: usc@nuhs.edu.sg

Symptomatic thyroid nodules will require treatment if suspected to be cancerous or have pressure symptoms. Most thyroid cancers are curable if diagnosed early. Thyroid nodules or cancers cannot be treated with oral medications. However, when the nodules cause symptoms of overproduction of thyroid hormones, treatment with oral medications for a short period before surgery is needed. Small nodules which are benign simply require surveillance with ultrasound examinations every 6 to 12 months.

Appointment Line: (65) 6772 2002

Procedural: • Gastric reflux (uncommon) • Perforation (rare) • Bleeding (rare) • Injury to surrounding structures (rare)

Why do I need surgery? The reason for surgery of the thyroid gland will be discussed by your doctor and this usually depends on the problem. Surgical treatment is generally recommended for the following thyroid problems:

NUH Medical Centre Level 15 Email: surgical_specialists_centre@nuhs.edu.sg

General Anaesthesia: • Stroke (rare) • Heart attack (rare) • Death (very rare)

Opening Hours: Monday to Friday: 8:30am - 5:30pm Closed on Sat, Sun & Public Holidays

What to Expect After the procedure, you will be admitted for observation and you will have to fast for the first night.

University Surgical Centre Kent Ridge Wing Level 5 Email: usc@nuhs.edu.sg

Appointment Line: (65) 6772 2002 Opening Hours: Monday to Friday: 8:30am - 5:30pm Closed on Sat, Sun & Public Holidays

•

Overactive thyroid disease (Grave’s disease) that is not responding to treatment with oral medications

•

Large thyroid nodule or goiter causing pressure on the neck, resulting in symptoms such as difficulty in breathing or swallowing

•

Large, unsightly thyroid nodule or goiter

•

Recurrent thyroid cyst

•

Suspicion of thyroid cancer

The Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that is located in the lower part of the neck. The function of the gland is to produce thyroid hormones which are secreted into the blood, affecting every part of the body. It helps to control many body functions including the brain, heart and muscles.

You will be placed on a liquid diet initially with gradual progression towards a normal diet.

Are there any alternatives to surgery?

Nearest MRT Station: Kent Ridge (Circle Line) National University Hospital 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074 Tel: (65) 6779 5555 Fax: (65) 6779 5678 Website: www.nuh.com.sg Company Registration No. 198500843R Information is correct at time of printing (January 2017) and subject to revision without prior notice. The information provided in this publication is meant purely for educational purposes and may not be used as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. You should seek the advice of your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider before starting any treatment or if you have any questions related to your health, physical fitness or medical conditions.

This will be discussed if surgery is not in your best interest. The most common problem where this scenario is encountered, is in overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) and patients may be prescribed radioiodine or oral medications on a long-term basis. There are no effective oral medications in the management of thyroid lumps or cancers.

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

Types of surgery There are two types of surgery – hemi thyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy.

National University Hospital 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074 Tel: (65) 6779 5555 Fax: (65) 6779 5678 Website: www.nuh.com.sg Company Registration No. 198500843R Information is correct at time of printing (June 2016) and subject to revision without prior notice. The information provided in this publication is meant purely for educational purposes and may not be used as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. You should seek the advice of your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider before starting any treatment or if you have any questions related to your health, physical fitness or medical conditions.

What is Achalasia?

Treatment Options

The oesophagus is a muscular tube which transmits food into the stomach. When food passes from the lower end of the oesophagus into the stomach, it encounters a muscular ring known as the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). The LOS relaxes to allow food into the stomach and tightens to prevent the reflux of food and acid back into the oesophagus. Individuals with abnormalities:

achalasia

have

primary

1. Tight LOS 2. Absent peristalsis (contraction) of the oesophagus

Oesophagus dilates

Oesophagus Lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)

Stomach

Normal

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

Stomach

Achalasia

Tests and Procedures • Endoscopy • Barium meal • High-resolution manometry (HRM)

The LOS muscle fibres are divided under direct vision via keyhole surgery. This procedure has excellent long-term outcomes and has also been the treatment of choice for the last decade. It is performed under general anaesthesia

Under direct vision, a small cut is made in the lining of the oesophagus. Mucosal incision toward submucosal space

Thyroid Nodules

On the day of surgery, you will have a mark on your neck to indicate the correct side of the gland to be operated on. Following your anaesthesia, an incision will be made in the lowest part of your neck and the length of the cut is usually around 1 to 2 inches but this may be slightly longer in cancer surgery or large goiters to safely remove the thyroid gland. The surgery may take anywhere between 1 to 4 hours. Keyhole surgery may also be performed through the armpits to avoid a scar in the neck. This can be done with small keyhole instruments or with a surgical robot. At the end of the operation, the surgeon may place a drain (plastic tube) through the skin to prevent any excess fluid collection under the skin. Most patients require a 24 to 48 hours stay in hospital after the operation, before the drain can be removed and they are able to go home. Most patients do not experience much pain after the operation and usually need basic painkillers only.

What are the risks of surgery? Complications in thyroid surgery are rare but the following may occur: Voice problems:

Step 3 The sphincter muscle is then cut, without penetrating the outer layer. This allows the sphincter to relax.

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

This is seen in less than 5% of patients undergoing thyroid surgery, which is due to injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve which innervates the voice box. This may be temporary or more rarely, permanent. A few people may find they cannot sing well due to damage to another smaller nerve (superior laryngeal nerve). There could be some non-specific reasons for complications – intubation, etc. To reduce this complication, we perform neuromonitoring (a special tube to monitor the function of the nerves during surgery).

Low calcium levels: A low calcium level is a problem seen after the whole thyroid gland is removed and this may be due to an injury to the parathyroid glands (2 on each side of the thyroid gland) which control calcium levels in the blood. If the calcium level drops, you may experience a tingling sensation in your fingers or lips. This is usually temporary, but can be permanent. Around 5% of patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy may require long-term treatment. These patients will need calcium supplements permanently and will need to monitor their blood calcium levels at regular intervals.

Why do thyroid nodules form? Some reasons for the formation of thyroid nodules include Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland), family history of thyroid cancers and iodine deficiency (although uncommon in Singapore). The incidence of thyroid nodules increases with age especially in those above the age of 60.

Hypothyroidism: Patients who have the whole thyroid gland removed (total thyroidectomy) will need thyroid hormones (thyroxine) for life. Few patients (10%) with lobectomy / hemi thyroidectomy also develop underactive thyroid post-surgery and will need thyroxine for life. Your thyroid blood tests will be checked every 6 months or so, and adjustment to the thyroxine dosage may be necessary.

Learn more about

Thyroid Surgery

Bleeding: This is a rare complication causing neck discomfort or in severe cases breathing difficulties, and you may need to undergo another surgery to control it. The rate of reoperation for haemorrhage is less than 1%. Neck scar:

What investigations will I need?

Creation of submucosal tunnel

Myotomy

POEM is now a popular treatment for achalasia with good outcomes and low risks.

HRM (normal)

The vast majority of thyroid lumps do not present any symptoms. Some lumps may be visible as a swelling in the neck and others may be felt during clinical examinations. Most thyroid lumps are discovered in ultrasound scans performed for health screens and investigations in the form of Computerised Tomography (CT) scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans done for other medical problems. Most thyroid nodules do not produce any excess hormones, but when they do, patients may have symptoms associated with it.

Following a consultation and examination by the doctor, you will undergo some blood tests, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid and a needle biopsy of the nodule. The ultrasound scan can assess the thyroid nodule and provide information about the size, nature and features of the lump that may suggest the presence or absence of cancer. The scan also helps in guiding the needle into the right nodule for a biopsy. The needle biopsy is performed using a small needle and involves drawing some cells for examination under a microscope to give a diagnosis. Patients usually have no complications from the biopsy.

The Thyroid Gland

POEM is the next generation treatment modality for achalasia. It is performed endoscopically, with the aid of a high resolution endoscope and requires no external surgical incisions. Similar to laparoscopic myotomy, it is done with the aim to relax the LOS in order to allow food to pass through.

Learn more about

What does the operation involve – a small or big scar?

What are the symptoms of a thyroid nodule?

Step 1 An endoscope is placed in the oesophagus.

Step 2 Through the small cut, the endoscope is tunnelled to the level of the oesophageal sphincter.

Laparoscopic Myotomy

Lower oesophageal sphincter does not relax

Oesophageal Achalasia Common Symptoms • Difficulty swallowing • Food regurgitation • Coughing at night • Chest pain • Weight loss

Balloon getting inserted

• Total thyroidectomy refers to the removal of the whole gland. The decision to remove half or a full gland will be discussed with you. Both operations are performed under general anaesthesia. You will be seen by an anaesthetist for a general health check to ensure you are fit for surgery and to arrange for tests and investigations if required.

Balloon Dilatation A balloon is inserted into the LOS under endoscopic guidance. Upon inflation of the balloon, the force will tear the LOS muscle fibres and consequently reduce the LOS pressure. This procedure may need to be repeated if there is a relapse of symptoms.

• Hemi thyroidectomy involves removing half of the thyroid gland or one lobe.

Nearest MRT Station: Kent Ridge (Circle Line)

Myotomy

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that is located in the lower part of the neck. The function of the gland is to produce thyroid hormones which are secreted into the blood, affecting every part of the body. It helps to control many body functions including the brain, heart and muscles. What is a thyroid nodule?

Step 4 The defect in the oesophageal lining is closed with surgical clips.

HRM (achalasia) Closure of mucosal entry

A thyroid nodule is an abnormal collection of thyroid cells that forms a lump in the gland. While the vast majority of the lumps are non-cancerous, about a tenth of the lumps tend to be cancerous. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the thyroid nodules to ensure the lumps are not cancerous.

Patients with large thyroid nodules may have symptoms of pressure in the neck such as hoarseness (rough voice), difficulty in breathing or swallowing. Rarely, hoarseness may be seen in cases of cancer where the cancer may be invading the nerves.

The ultrasound scan and biopsy can be performed on the day of the visit and the report will be available within an hour. This allows you to make treatment plans without further delay.

The scars usually heal well although it can take 6 months to reach its final appearance. The scar may occasionally become relatively thick. Tracheostomy: This is an extremely uncommon problem and may be necessary if recurrent laryngeal nerves on both sides are injured, leading to breathing problems.

What happens after the operation?

Most patients are discharged 1 to 2 days after surgery. You may have a drain inserted in your neck to drain any excessive fluid called a seroma. This is usually removed the next day. You may expect some bruising and swelling around the wound for a few days. If you develop a tingling sensation in your body especially around your lips and mouth, this is a sign that your calcium levels are low. Quickly take a glass of milk, which is rich in calcium, to increase your blood calcium levels and visit the emergency department.

Work You should be able to return to light work after 2 weeks and heavy / lifting jobs after 4 weeks.

Driving You should be able to resume driving in a week or two if you feel alert and have no other problems. Please check with your doctor.

Exercises Exercising the neck reduces stiffness. To prevent this, you will be given instructions on neck movements after surgery. This should be done gently without triggering any pain. Performing these simple exercises will not reopen the wound.

Falls can lead to serious consequences, especially for seniors. It can cause injuries such as minor bruises and/or bone fractures, which can result in the loss of independence and affect quality of life, or even lead to death. Falls are not part of ageing, and can be caused by many factors. Learn how you can prevent falls by understanding your risk factors and making simple changes to your daily activities.

What happens with osteoporosis? When bones are thin, they become weak and fracture easily. Common symptoms include: Back pain Loss of height over time A stooped posture Fracture of the spine, wrist, hip or other bones

In this brochure, find out how you can test your bone health and take steps to prevent osteoporosis and prevent falls.

What affects your bone health? Adults, especially post-menopausal women and men 65 years old and above, with a history of fracture at the wrist/ arm, hip or spine, may suffer from osteoporosis. They are also at risk of sustaining fractures if they were to have a fall.

How do you know if you have osteoporosis? Take the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test which will help you to find out your bone strength and to identify osteoporosis. If you have had a fracture that was caused by low-impact activities, your likelihood of having osteoporosis is higher.

A fracture can limit your movement and cause a significant amount of pain. Recovery from a fracture can take several weeks and may affect your daily activities like showering, dressing and walking. Cross section of a normal bone

What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition where the bone becomes weak and brittle. This happens when the body loses bone faster than it can replace. Cross section of an osteoporotic bone 1 | Your guide 1 to | Your boneguide health to bone health

The BMD scan is a painless scan similar to an x-ray scan. It involves exposing a part of your body (usually the hip and lumbar spine) to a small amount of x-rays to capture images of the bones and measure their densities. This procedure will take about 10 to 20 minutes.

Your guide toYour boneguide health to |bone 2 health | 2

Who should go for a BMD test?

Three simple rules to prevent osteoporosis and protect your bones

Men aged 65 and above Post-menopausal women If you have low body weight (BMI below 18.5) If you have experienced a fall If you are on steroid treatment

1. Eat a balanced diet Eat a balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D.

Results from the BMD test can identify if your bones are: Risk Category

Recommendation

Normal

Maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet. Regular exercise helps to maintain healthy bones.

Osteopenia occurs when the bones are weaker than normal, but not weak enough to constitute osteoporosis. A person with osteopenia is at risk of developing osteoporosis.

Your doctor will discuss the different treatment options with you. Sometimes, a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) scoring may be used to calculate your risk.

Choose foods that are fortified with calcium to maintain strong and healthy bones. Dairy products such as milk, yoghurt and cheese have the highest levels of calcium. Other sources of calcium can be obtained from non-dairy products such as spinach, almonds and sardines. Take more Vitamin D supplements to help your body absorb calcium and to improve on muscle function. An appropriate amount of sun exposure helps the body to produce vitamin D, which can also be obtained from food sources like salmon, eggs, low-fat milk and margarine.

Osteoporotic (Osteoporosis) Your doctor will discuss the different treatment options with you. Treatment includes medications and lifestyle modifications such as exercise, maintaining an adequate BMI, fall precautions etc.

3 | Your guide 3 to | Your boneguide health to bone health

Your guide to bone health

Breakfast

Your guide toYour boneguide health to |bone 4 health | 4

Lunch

1 glass of 1 piece high-calcium, of taukwa (100g) low- fat milk (250ml)

Dinner

¼ plate of cooked chye sim

¼ plate of cooked kai lan

10 calcium stars You need a total of 10 calcium stars a day. 1 calcium

= 100mg of calcium

Calcium star(s) (per item)

1 glass of low-fat, high-calcium milk (250ml) / 4 scoops of milk powder

1 glass of soybean milk with “Healthier Choice Symbol” (250ml)

2 pieces of taukwa (200g)

¼ plate of cooked kai lan

½ pack of tofu (150g) 5 | Your guide 5 to | Your boneguide health to bone health

Exercises include: Tai chi Brisk walking Dancing Stair climbing Using weights Aerobics 3. Quit drinking alcohol and smoking Excessive drinking of alcohol can cause damage to your bones.

2 pieces of canned low-sodium sardines (140g)

¼ plate of cooked chye sim + ¼ plate of cooked spinach

1 slice of low-fat cheese (20g)

2. Exercise Engaging in regular physical activity such as weightbearing, muscle-strengthening and balance exercises can help to slow down bone loss.

Smoking causes bone loss and early menopause in women. You can visit your primary care doctor at the nearest Polyclinic / General Practitioner (GP) clinic / Family Medicine Centre (FMC), to get a referral and/or screen your bone health to receive the necessary advice.

1 cup of cooked soy beans (180g)

¼ cup of almonds (30g) Your guide toYour boneguide health to |bone 6 health | 6

What is the plantar fascia?

Who is at risk?

The plantar fascia is a thick band of fibrous tissue that runs from the heel to the toes. It helps to maintain the medial arch of the foot and plays an important role in shock absorption and force generation when walking and running. It undergoes repetitive stretching and shortening during these activities. This repetitive stress, if excessive, can result in micro-tears and degeneration at its insertion to the bottom of the heel bone, thus causing pain.

This condition is more common in people who spend a lot of time on their feet, and in those with excessive bodyweight, flat feet, high arches or tight lower limb muscles.

Achilles tendon

Pain from plantar fasciitis is usually at the insertion of the plantar fascia to the heel bone

High arch

Plantar fascia

How is the diagnosis made? Diagnosis is made from your symptoms and a physical examination. Ultrasound examination confirms and quantifies the swelling of the plantar fascia.

What are the symptoms of plantar fasciitis? Plantar fasciitis is one of the common causes of heel pain in adults. Many patients experience chronic heel pain, which is worse during the first few steps of the morning, or after a period of rest. There may also be pain after prolonged standing or sporting activity.

An x-ray may show a heel spur, which is the result of chronic traction on the plantar fascia at its insertion. The bone spur is the result of traction and not the cause of the condition or pain.

2 | Plantar Fasciitis 2 | Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar Fasciitis Plantar | 3 Fasciitis | 3

How is the condition treated?

B. Addressing the underlying biomechanics 1.

The aim of treatment is to reduce pain and promote healing and to address the underlying biomechanical causes.

A. Treating the pain To reduce the plantar fascia swelling, there are three approaches: 1.

Rest and pain-relief medication This is effective in about 40% of patients and worth a try in the early stages, i.e. if symptoms have been present only for a few weeks.

Cortisone injection This is effective in about 60% of patients. Cortisone is an antiinflammatory medication and, hence, effectively reduces the swelling. Unfortunately, it also increases the risk of plantar fascia tears and heel pad atrophy. The risk of a tear increases with the number of previous cortisone injections and with the intensity of physical activities. Hence, it is not recommended in active individuals, unless there is great urgency to relieve the pain.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) This is effective in 80% of the patients and works by stimulating the repair process at the insertion of the plantar fascia. ESWT is safe, does not increase the risk of ruptures, and repeated sessions can be done if symptoms recur. However, time is required for the treatment to work and you may need to lower your physical activity intensity for several weeks to allow for repair of the plantar fascia.

Daily plantar fascia and calf stretches These are recommended to reduce the tension in your plantar fascia. You should hold the stretches for 30 seconds and repeat for three times on each side. Repeat the whole process three times daily.

Seated plantar fascia stretches and massage Hold your heel in one hand and toes in the other hand. Pull the whole foot and toes back to feel a stretch along the bottom of your foot. C ro s s t h e a n k l e o f t h e affected foot over your opposite knee Pull your toes back with one hand With the other hand, use your thumb to press into the fascia of your sole, from heel to the base of your toes Use firm pressure (it is normal to feel discomfort but there should not be pain)

4 | Plantar Fasciitis 4 | Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar Fasciitis Plantar | 5 Fasciitis | 5

Standing plantar fascia stretch 1. Stand close to a wall and place both hands on it for support. 2. Slide your toes down the wall until the ball of your foot touches the floor. Your toes should be slightly bent in this position to maintain tension on the plantar fascia. 3. To increase tension, bring your knee forwards to touch the wall.

Plantar Fasciitis

Will the condition recur? As it may be difficult to remove the underlying causes completely (e.g. prolonged standing at work), some patients may experience recurrent episodes which may be interspersed with pain-free periods (lasting months or years). Attacks are often triggered by changes in activity, footwear or weight gain.

To prevent plantar fasciitis, you should: 1. 2. 3.

Avoid walking barefooted. Always wear slippers when indoors. When outdoors, always use your customised insoles. Increase weight-bearing and impact exercises gradually and pull back when you sense the symptoms recurring.

How do I get treated? You will need to see your doctor, who will confirm the diagnosis and decide on the appropriate mode of treatment. To book an appointment, please contact our centres.

Gastrocnemius stretch

Soleus stretch

Splints Splints are usually worn at night while you sleep and may be prescribed to stretch the plantar fascia.

Customised insoles To allow one to stand and walk w i t h o u t p l a c i n g e xce s s i ve load on the plantar fascia, customised orthotics can be made. These or thotics may include a built-in arch support, longitudinal groove, and an aperture to reduce loading and traction in the plantar fascia.

6 | Plantar Fasciitis 6 | Plantar Fasciitis

SSMC@CGH is the largest multi-disciplinary Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) centre in Singapore. From individuals who wish to start an active and healthy lifestyle, to recreational or competitive athletes seeking to improve their performance, SSMC@CGH is here to see to your needs.

SSMC@CGH is a comprehensive one-stop centre that offers holistic solutions for: Injury management and prevention Pre-participation screening Sports rehabilitation Exercise physiology testing Strength and conditioning

Sports podiatry Sports nutrition Performance optimisation Exercise prescription Multi-disciplinary weight management

Plantar Fasciitis Plantar | 7 Fasciitis | 7

OUR COMMITMENT

B. NUS - Administered Schemes

WHAT TYPES OF FINANCIAL AID ARE AVAILABLE?

The National University of Singapore understands the challenge of financing your undergraduate studies, and is committed to ensuring that no deserving student is denied admissions because of financial difficulty. While you are ultimately responsible for your tuition fees and living expenses, we strive to help you tap on all the available resources.

MOE Tuition Grant MOE offers the tuition grant to help subsidise approximately 60% to 80% of your total tuition fee in NUS. The remaining fee payable ranges from about $7,700 to $46,000 per annum, depending on your nationality and course of study.

Our Financial Aid schemes are designed to help meet the educational and living expenses of financially-needy students in the form of loans, bursaries and work-study opportunities, and are administered by the Office of Financial Aid (OFA).

HOW MUCH IS THE COST OF ATTENDANCE?

While there is no repayment required for the tuition grant, non-Singapore citizens in receipt of the grant will be required to undertake a service bond by working for any Singapore-registered company for three years (four to six years for Medical and Dental students) upon completion of their undergraduate degrees so as to discharge some of their obligations to the Singapore public for the high subsidy to their university education.

1. Tuition Fee Undergraduate education at NUS is highly subsidised by the Government of Singapore, which pays for the bulk of the University’s infrastructural and operating costs. The University’s fees are reviewed and adjusted periodically to reflect the cost of providing quality education to students. Today, NUS’ fees remain very competitive in comparison with other leading universities worldwide. The Government of Singapore provides a substantial tuition fee subsidy in the form of a tuition grant which is administered by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore and offered to all admitted students. Students who opt to apply for the tuition grant will only need to pay subsidised fees.

SCHEME

2. Estimated Living Expenses We estimate that full-time undergraduate students studying in NUS will incur about $6,000 of living expenses and $4,000 of accommodation expenses per year. The costs have been derived based on a conservative estimate of expenses required for a reasonably comfortable lifestyle. The actual amount can be higher or lower depending on individual student’s expenditure and lifestyle.

For more information on the MOE Tuition Grant, please visit the Registrar’s Office website at: http://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/edu/UG/fees.html

For more information on the cost of living in Singapore, please visit our website at: http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/financialaid/financialtuition-fees.html

Financial Aid from External Organisations The following are the four main externallyadministered financial aid schemes which can help cover up to 100% of the subsidised* tuition fee payable by Singapore Citizens**. Except for the TTFS, the other three schemes are needs-blind, i.e. applicants do not need to be financially needy.

For more information on the tuition fee payable for undergraduate studies in NUS, please visit the Registrar’s Office website at: http://www.nus.edu. sg/registrar/edu/UG/fees.html

• Tuition Fee Loan (TFL) • CPF Education Scheme (CES) • MENDAKI Tertiary Tuition Fee Subsidy (TTFS) • Post-Secondary Education Account (PSEA) Details of these schemes can be found in page 4 of the brochure.

Financial Aid from NUS The following are the existing NUS-administered financial aid schemes which financially needy students may apply for in addition to the financial aid schemes mentioned above. Only one application is required via the Undergraduate Financial Aid Portal for the student to be considered for all the following schemes. • • • • • • •

NUS Study Loan NUS / Faculty Bursary MOE Bursary CDC/CCC Bursary Residential Programme / UTown Bursaries NUS Student Assistance Loan Work-Study Assistance

* Tuition fee payable after acceptance of MOE Tuition Grant. ** The quantum of the schemes is based on Singapore Citizens’ tuition fee rate. For example, if the tuition fee payable for a course is SGD$10,000 per annum for Singapore Citizens and SGD$20,000 for international students, the coverage of the scheme will be based on the Singapore Citizen’s tuition fee of SGD$10,000.

HOW CAN MY FINANCIAL NEEDS BE MET? Tuition Fee Loan/CPF Education Scheme/ Mendaki Tertiary Tuition Fee Subsidy

NUS Study Loan (with Living Allowance)

(quantum of 10% or 20% of SC tuition fee rate plus $3,600 living allowance loan)

NUS/Faculty CDC/CCC/ MOE Bursary

(quantum from $800)

NUS Financial Aid Package

Residential Programme Bursaries/UTown Bursaries/NUS Student Assistance Loan (quantum from $400)

For bursaries and loans administered by the other NUS Offices, faculties/schools and Halls/University Town/ Residential Colleges, please refer to the website of the respective administrating parties for details.

LIVING EXPENSES

ACCOMMODATION FEES

Student’s Annual Financial Needs

SC: Singapore Citizen 2

The loan quantum is based on the tuition fee rate for Singapore Citizens. For example, if the tuition fee payable for a course is SGD$10,000 per annum for Singapore Citizens and SGD$20,000 for international students, the coverage of the scheme will be based on the Singapore Citizen’s tuition fee of SGD$10,000.

Disbursement of funds is done at the beginning of Semester 1 and 2 provided that tuition fees are charged for that semester.

PCI refers to per capita income which is derived from taking the total monthly gross income of all working family members and divide it by the total no. of family members living in the same household.

Only includes College of Alice & Peter Tan, Cinnamon College (USP) and Tembusu College

Only includes Eusoff Hall, Kent Ridge Hall, King Edward VII Hall, Raffles Hall, Sheares Hall and Temasek Hall

P09016'12_NUS Financial Aid Broc.indd 4

3/3/14 12:12 pm

P09016'12_NUS Financial Aid Broc.indd 5

NUS FINANCIAL AID SCHEMES QUANTUM & GUARANTOR CRITERIA (LOANS ONLY)

SCHEME

WHO CAN APPLY?

Tuition Fee Loan1,3 (TFL)

The loan quantum is up to 90% of the All full-time undergraduate students except international tuition fee payable by Singapore citizens students who do not take up for the same course2. The loan can cover the MOE Tuition Grant. recipients for the entire course of study. A guarantor who is not a bankrupt and between 21 – 60 years old is required. Only Singaporean guarantors are acceptable for Singaporean students; Singaporean/ SPR guarantors are acceptable for SPR students and Singaporean/SPR/non- Singaporean guarantors are acceptable for international students.

CPF Education Scheme1,3 (CES)

APPLICATION

Apply online via the CPF Board website at: http://www.cpf.gov. sg/ by end July or the deadline as stipulated in the website, whichever is earlier.

Mendaki Financially needy Malay Tertiary Tuition undergraduate students who Fee Subsidy1,3 are Singapore Citizens and have enjoyed free secondary (TTFS) and pre-university education. Monthly gross family per capita income (PCI) does not exceed $1,500.

The quantum is as follows: a) 100% subsidy of tuition fees if PCI4 is $1,000 and below; b) 75% subsidy of tuition fees if PCI4 is between $1,001 and $1,200; and c) 50% subsidy of tuition fees if PCI4 is between $1,201 and $1,500.

Download the application form at the Office of Financial Aid website: http://www.nus.edu. sg/financialaid/ from mid July onwards and the completed form must be submitted together with the required supporting documents to the Office of Financial Aid by end July.

PostSecondary Education Account (PSEA)1

The quantum varies according to the funds available in each individual’s PSEA account. The PSEA can be used for payment of tuition fees (inclusive of miscellaneous student fees), University Town College Programme and University Scholars Programme college fees as well as enrichment programmes approved and endorsed by the University.

Download the application form at the Office of Financial Aid website: http://www.nus.edu. sg/financialaid/ and submit or mail the completed form to the Office of Financial Aid between 4 and 8 August.

Singapore Citizens who have a PSEA account

Application for these schemes may be carried out upon acceptance of NUS’ offer of admission.

Disbursement of funds is done at the beginning of Semester 1 and 2 provided that tuition fees are charged for that semester.

PCI refers to per capita income which is derived from taking the total monthly gross income of all working family members and dividing it by the total no. of family members living in the same household.

P09016'12_NUS Financial Aid Broc.indd 7

1. Get ready your Admission Application Number and PIN for prospective students (obtained after submission of your online admission application) or NUSNET ID and Password if you are an NUS student.

TUITION FEE AND LIVING EXPENSES Tuition fee payable (after taking up the MOE Tuition Grant) Estimated living expenses (excluding accommodation) Total amount payable (a)

$ 7,650 6,000 13,650

FINANCIAL AID FUNDS Tuition Fee Loan (90% of subsidised tuition fee) NUS Study Loan (10% of subsidised tuition fee) + $3,600 living allowance NUS/MOE Bursary Total financial aid funds (b) Estimated annual out-of-pocket amount payable (a) – (b)

6,885 4,365 2,150 13,400 250

2. Submit your Financial Aid online application via the Undergraduate Financial Aid Portal at www.nus.edu. sg/financialaid/ from 15 October to 1 April (prospective students) or 1 February to 1 April (existing students). 3. Print out the Application Form (Summary) [AFS] at the end of your Financial Aid online application. Gather all the necessary supporting documents as listed in the AFS. The documents are as follows: a. Photocopies of your identification document as well as photocopies of identification documents of all the household members staying with you in your home country indicating their nationalities and existing home addresses. b. Photocopies of the income statements of all employed salaried family members in the following sequence of priority in case of unavailability of documents: (1) Latest month salary slip (2) Employer’s letter stating current gross monthly income (3) Latest IR8A Form or income tax statement for 2013 c. Other supporting documents as indicated in the AFS according to each applicant’s financial circumstance. d. Submit or mail the AFS and all supporting documents to the Office of Financial Aid within 2 weeks of the online application date.

EXAMPLE 2: FOR SINGAPORE PERMANENT RESIDENTS TUITION FEE AND LIVING EXPENSES Tuition fee payable (after taking up the MOE Tuition Grant) Estimated living expenses (including cheapest on-campus accommodation) Total amount payable (a)

$ 10,700 10,000 20,700

FINANCIAL AID FUNDS Tuition Fee Loan (90% of subsidised tuition fee at Singaporean rate) NUS Study Loan (10% of subsidised tuition fee at Singaporean rate) + $3,600 living allowance NUS Bursary Total financial aid funds (b) Estimated annual out-of-pocket amount payable (a) – (b)

6,885 4,365 1,350 12,600 8,100

EXAMPLE 3: FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS TUITION FEE AND LIVING EXPENSES Tuition fee payable (after taking up the MOE Tuition Grant) Estimated living expenses (including cheapest on-campus accommodation) Total amount payable (a)

$ 15,300 10,000 25,300

6,885 4,365 1,050 12,300 13,000

Financial Needs Calculator The Office of Financial Aid has designed a Financial Needs Calculator for prospective and existing students to determine an estimate of their annual financial needs for the pursuit of a tertiary education in NUS. Please visit our website at: https://aces01.nus.edu.sg/webroapsbs/jsp/FinancialNeedsCalculator.jsp to access the calculator.

WHEN WILL I RECEIVE MY FINANCIAL AID OFFER AND FUNDS? Prospective and existing students can check the status of your financial aid application via the Undergraduate Financial Aid Portal from March and May onwards respectively. Please check your email regularly to avoid missing our notification on your application outcome or our requests for additional/missing documents.

CHECKLIST ACTIVITY Apply for NUS-administered Financial Aid

APPLICABLE TO? All interested needy undergraduate students, including prospective students who have applied for admission to NUS

DATE 15 October to 1 April (prospective students) or 1 February to 1 April (existing students)

Submit supporting documents to the Office of Financial Aid

All financial aid applicants

Within 2 weeks of online application date

Offer and acceptance of Financial Aid (Acceptance Guide available at http:// www.nus.edu.sg/financialaid/)

All eligible financial aid applicants

Mar – Jun

Apply for TFL/CES

All interested undergraduate students, including financial aid applicants

After acceptance of admission offers and by mid July

Apply for TTFS

All interested Singaporean Malay students, including financial aid applicants

After acceptance of admission offers and by end July

Sign NUS Study Loan and/or Student Assistance Loan agreement(s)

All recipients under the respective schemes after receiving email notification on the signing schedule

Jul – Sep

Receive proceeds of financial aid funds*

All financial aid recipients

Sep (before GIRO deduction of fees)

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Note that disbursement of funds depends on satisfactory compliance of pre-conditions and documentary requirements. The date of disbursement may also vary depending on compliance to the terms and conditions of the various financial aid schemes. All fees due to the University will be deducted from all approved financial aid funds prior to crediting.

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HOW SHOULD I APPLY FOR NUS-ADMINISTERED FINANCIAL AID SCHEMES?

EXAMPLE 1: FOR SINGAPORE CITIZENS

The application form is available at the Office of Financial Aid website: http:// www.nus.edu.sg/financialaid/ The completed form is to be submitted to either DBS or OCBC Bank for processing by mid July for local students and end July for international students.

The loan quantum is up to 100% of the tuition fee payable and the CPF member may only use up to 40% of accumulated savings in the ordinary account, excluding amounts withdrawn for housing. The loan can cover recipients for the entire course of study.

Full-time undergraduate students who have and/or whose parents have sufficient CPF funds except students who do not take up the MOE Tuition Grant.

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Examples of Financial Aid Packages For Relatively Needy Undergraduate Students from Engineering and Science Faculties Admitted in AY2013-2014

A. Externally Administered Schemes

FINANCIAL AID SCHEMES FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES 2014-2015

APPLICATION

Needy undergraduate students who have taken the maximum coverage under the TFL and/or CES and/or TTFS and/or PSEA and/or such other similar schemes for the tuition fee payable by Singapore citizens for the same course of study1.

For more information on the above, please visit the NUS Financial Aid website at: http://www.nus.edu.sg/ financialaid/.

(quantum of 50% to 100% of SC tuition fee rate)

TUITION FEE

QUANTUM & GUARANTOR CRITERIA (LOANS ONLY)

WHO CAN APPLY?

The loan quantum is 10% or 20% of the tuition Existing and fee payable by Singapore Citizens for the same prospective students course of study1 and/or annual living allowance may apply online via the Undergraduate loan of $3,600. The loan can cover recipients Financial Aid Portal for the entire course of study. from 15 October to 1 April (prospective A guarantor who is not a bankrupt and students) or between 21 – 60 years old is required. Only 1 February to 1 April Singaporean guarantors are acceptable for (existing students). Local and international students Singaporean students; Singaporean/SPR guarantors are acceptable for SPR students and whose gross monthly per Singaporean/SPR/non-Singaporean guarantors Supporting capita household income is not documents must be are acceptable for international students. more than $2,400 and $1,200 submitted or mailed respectively. to the Office of MOE Bursary2 The quantum is up to $2,600 per annum. Singapore Citizens whose gross Financial Aid within monthly per capita household Re-application is required every year. two weeks of the income is not more than $1,900. online application NUS / Faculty Needy undergraduates who have The bursary quantum is at least $1,000 per date. annum and varies according to the assessed Bursary2 obtained maximum financing financial need and nationality of the applicant. Applications should under the TFL, CES, TTFS, PSEA and such other similar schemes be made (1) as soon Re-application is required every year. and the NUS Study Loan may be as possible after considered. your application for admission and The quantum is $3,600 per annum. CDC/CCC Singapore Citizens whose gross regardless of whether Bursary monthly per capita household Re-application is required every year. you have been offered income is not more than $850. admission to NUS Residential The quantum of each award is at least $400 per and (2) regardless of Needy Singaporean Citizens Programme annum and varies according to the assessed who are staying at one of the whether you intend to / UTown three residential colleges4 at the financial need of the applicant. apply for scholarships Bursaries2 University Town or one of the and/or other Re-application is required every year. six Halls of Residences5 may be forms of financial considered. assistance offered or administered by other The loan quantum varies according to the Needy undergraduate students NUS Student sources. financial need and nationality of the applicant, Assistance Loan who are in receipt of the NUS and the availability of funds. The loan can cover Study Loan with the living (SAL) Only one application recipients for the entire course of study. allowance component. is required for the student to be A guarantor who is not a bankrupt and Recipients of the ASEAN/NUS considered for the between 21 – 60 years old is required. He or Undergraduate Scholarship, Kent NUS Study Loan, MOE Ridge Undergraduate Scholarship, she must be a Singapore Citizen or Singapore Bursary, NUS /Faculty University Engineering Scholarship Permanent Resident and must not be a party Bursary, CDC/CCC (borrower/guarantor) to more than one other and such other scholarships are Bursary, Residential also eligible to apply for this loan. loan agreement. Programme /UTown Work-Study Needy full-time undergraduate Successful applicants will be issued a letter Bursaries, NUS Assistance students may be considered. by OFA requesting for prospective employers Student Assistance to accord them priority during job placement Loan and Work-study and also receive email notifications on job Assistance schemes. vacancies. An international student must not work more than 16 hours per week during term time. There is no such restriction during vacation time. Re-application is required every year. NUS Study Loan2 (NSL)

NUS partners MOE and external organisations to provide a wide spectrum of financial aid for needy undergraduates in NUS. For NUS-administered financial aid schemes, you will be assessed based on indicators such as the assessed financial neediness of your family and any other mitigating factors.

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National University of Singapore

UNDERGRADUATE PROSPECTUS for INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2015-2016

Transformative and Multi-disciplinary Education

Academic Flexibility

The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a leading global university offering a distinctive Asian perspective. The NUS education is defined by its rigour and differentiated by its unique programmes.

NUS’ transformative education provides multiple academic pathways, which includes a broad-based curriculum underscored by multi-disciplinary and cross-faculty learning opportunities, so students have the flexibility and autonomy to structure their education to fulfill their potential. To equip our students to become a true global citizen, our broad spectrum of globally-oriented curricula and programmes provide our students with entrepreneurship training and exposure to real world issues so that they gain a competitive advantage in today’s globalised world.

Major and Minor Programme Over and above your specialisation, students may take up an additional major/minor which allows rigorous in-depth study in an area complementing your specialisation. This may be within or outside your department/faculty.

Over 25,000 undergraduate students and 8,000 graduate students from more than 100 countries have chosen NUS as their choice university. Our students enrich the NUS community with diversity in social and cultural backgrounds, adding vibrancy to campus life. The University strongly believes in exposing our students to different

ideas and diverse cultures to prepare them to meet global challenges of the future. Standing as the foremost and most prestigious university in Singapore, and ranked consistently amongst the top universities in the world, NUS strives to be a powerhouse of technology and innovation that creates new knowledge, ideas and breakthroughs. Indeed, building on a tradition of excellence and commitment towards achieving greater heights, NUS is geared towards developing into one of the world’s premier universities.

In partnership with leading international universities, NUS offers an extensive range of Double, Concurrent and Joint Degree programmes to cater to our students’ learning needs. In addition, NUS has a diverse and comprehensive selection of courses, offered by the University’s 16 faculties.

U.K.

Double Degree Programme Double Degree Programmes (DDP) allow students to graduate with two different degrees in two disciplines from the same faculty or from two different faculties within NUS.

With a wide selection of diverse and stimulating programmes, we aim to develop both strength in character and a drive for excellence in our students. We also motivate our students to explore their interests, discover their talents and pursue their passions while at NUS. We want them to shape their own NUS experience!

Poland

China

Germany

U.S.

South America

Africa

Australia New Zealand

University Town and Residential Colleges – Developing Collaborative Learning Communities

“

http://utown.nus.edu.sg/

Our transformative education and high impact research are aimed at making a distinctive and positive impact on society.”

Quick Fact

The first school formed in NUS is the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School in 1905 before becoming the Faculty of Medicine under the University of Malaya. NUS started as a modest medical school with only 23 students.

Excellent Career Opportunities The NUS degree is widely accepted by leading employers around the world. Singapore’s oldest university is reputed amongst employers for decades in producing graduates with a strong academic foundation and capability to adapt and apply their knowledge in their respective vocations. Credited to NUS’ broad-based

Quick Fact

More than 50% of NUS undergraduate students participate in the Student Exchange Programme and more than 50% go on other overseas educational programmes. We have reciprocal student exchange arrangements with over 300 partner universities in 40 countries.

http://www.nus.edu.sg/osa/career/

Professor Tan Chorh Chuan President, National University of Singapore

Admissions Requirements

Undergraduate Courses

NUS warmly invites students with the following academic qualifications who have either completed or are in the process of completing high school (in their final year of studies) to apply for admission.

Admission is based on academic merit and open competition among eligible applicants. In addition to fulfilling admission requirements, applicants should ensure that they also satisfy the subject prerequisites for the courses they wished to be considered. Course prerequisites are presented below.

We bring the world to you

We bring you to the world

With students and faculty from 100 different countries, NUS brings the world to our community. With such a unique blend of internationalities, life in the university is never dull. Apart from the fervent exchange of academic ideas, a host of programmes and activities has also been initialised. An event like the International Exchange Day allows students to showcase their own country’s culture and share the festive mood and vibes with the NUS community.

For students who are more adventurous, NUS challenges them to explore the world. Students can opt to attend the Student Exchange Programme or the NUS Overseas College to gain overseas experience and expand their global outlook. Students participating in arts/ cultural performances or sports activities may also be chosen to represent the University at international events.

Community Living Life in the University encompasses more than just academic pursuits; it is also about expanding one’s social and networking horizons. Our Office of Student Affairs (OSA) hosts a wide range of activities designed to help international students settle in as well as promote social interaction and cohesion between students to make living at NUS a fun and enjoyable experience. For information on international student services, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/osa/international/. Living in NUS will allow you to fully experience your life as an undergraduate student. The University has different accommodation arrangement tailored to meet the different needs of our students. Information on campus housing can be found in http://nus.edu.sg/osa/housing/.

Arts and Sports University life at NUS goes beyond academic. NUS offers an array of activities ranging from arts to sports. For the arts and culture enthusiast, NUS offers different genres of arts and cultural activities, catering both to the broad academic and popular interests of the NUS community, with the purpose of inspiring, developing creativity and enjoyment. Check out the NUS arts scene at http://nus.edu.sg/cfa/. For students seeking the adrenaline rush of competitive sports or to relax via recreational activities, the University is well equipped to cater to these requirements. For information on NUS sports, do visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/osa/ sports/.

Admission Requirements

AQA | Cambridge | Edexcel | London | OCR ‘A’ level

‘A’ Level subject grades in 2 sittings taken within 12 months of each other will be allowed. Applicants with at least 3 ‘A’ level subjects grades may apply. However, applicants applying with good grades in 4 ‘A’ level subjects stand a better chance of admission. Applicants without actual results must submit SAT and SAT Subject Tests for consideration.

Australian Qualifications

Applicants must have completed the qualification/certificate with at least 85% per subject.

French Baccalaureate Diploma

Applicants must have completed the Diploma and submit TOEFL/ IELTS.

German Abitur

Applicants must have completed the Diploma and submit TOEFL / IELTS.

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education

Applicants must have completed the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education in the English Stream and passed 4 core subjects and at least 2 elective subjects (CAT A or CAT C subject), and passed English Level 4.

Indian Standard 12 (Central & ISCE Boards)

Applicants must have completed or are completing Indian Year 12 in the year of admission. Applicants completing Indian Year 12 in the year of admission are not eligible to apply for Dentistry, Law, Medicine and Nursing. (Subject to the availability of eligible applicants, the University may conduct additional Architecture and Industrial Design aptitude tests in June to determine the applicants’ suitability)

Indian Standard 12 (State & other Boards)

Applicants submitting actual Ebtanas results must submit TOEFL or IELTS to be considered. Applicants completing Ebtanas in the year of admission will compete for the University Entrance Examination and are not required to submit TOEFL or IELTS.

International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma

Applicants must have completed or are completing the IB Diploma (at least 3 HL and 3 SL papers, with TOK and EE). in the year of admission. English must be one of the papers taken. IB Certificate is not sufficient to apply for admission.

PRC National College Entrance Examination | 高考

Quick Fact

Applicants must have completed UEC to apply for admission and submit TOEFL/ IELTS/ EL1119/ MUET scores. Applicants applying for Dentistry, Law, Medicine, Pharmacy and Nursing will compete for the University Entrance Examination. Applicants submitting actual VHS results must submit TOEFL/ IELTS. Applicants completing VHS in the year of admission will compete for the University Entrance Examination and are not required to submit TOEFL/ IELTS.

Applicant must submit SAT and SAT Subject Tests for consideration.

Scholarships for High Achievers

Financing Your University Education

NUS offers a variety of undergraduate scholarships in recognition of outstanding academic achievements, leadership qualities and special talents. International applicants will automatically be considered for the following scholarships (there is no need to submit an application) and only shortlisted applicants will be notified to attend an interview.

We understand the challenge of financing your University studies. While you are ultimately responsible for your tuition fees and living expenses, the University strives to help you tap all the resources which you are eligible. Needy students who apply for financial assistance will be offered financial aid in the form of loans, bursaries and work-study opportunities if they are assessed to be eligible. Financial aid applications are available online from mid October to 1 April each year.

http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/scholarships/freshmen/scholarship-international.html

ASEAN Undergraduate Scholarship

Citizens of ASEAN countries, except Singapore

Science & Technology Citizens of Asian countries, Undergraduate Scholarship except Singapore

ELIGIBILTY

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry and either Biology or Physics. Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry or Mathematics or Physics.

QUALIFICATIONS

All undergraduate programmes leading to a first degree

Qualifications that render students eligible for undergraduate admissions to NUS

Any Computing, Engineering or Science undergraduate programmes except Pharmacy

Qualifications that render students eligible for undergraduate admissions to NUS

A Leading Global University Centred in Asia, Influencing the Future

Tuition Fees and Tuition Grant

Estimated Living Expenses

The Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) provides a tuition grant which is offered to all students. Students who opt for the tuition grant need to pay only subsidised fees, depending on their nationality and course of study. While there is no repayment required for the tuition grant, non-Singapore citizens in receipt of this grant is required to undertake a service bond by working for a Singapore-registered company for three years upon completion of their undergraduate degrees so as to discharge their obligation to the Singapore public for the subsidy to their university education. For more information, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/edu/UG/fees.html

Full-time international undergraduate students will incur on average S$10,000 of living expenses per year. The costs have been derived based on a conservative estimate of expenses required for a comfortable lifestyle on campus. For more information, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/ oam/financialaid/financial-tuition-fees.html.

Law http://law.nus.edu.sg/

High level of proficiency in the English Language (e.g. General Paper B3, IELTS 6.5 or TOEFL 600 or SAT I Verbal / Critical reading score of 700 or AP Eng Lang Grade 4).

Medicine http://medicine.nus.edu.sg/corporate/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry and either Biology or Physics.

Music http://www.music.nus.edu.sg/

Refer to www.music.nus.edu.sg to file a separate application.

Nursing http://medicine.nus.edu.sg/nursing/

Year 12 or higher level pass in any two of the following: Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Physics, Physical Science, either Mathematics or Further Mathematics.

Degree Programme

Minimum Subject Requirements

Arts and Social Sciences (all majors) http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/

Please refer to www.fas.nus.edu.sg for additional information on the respective subjects.

Business Administration http://bba.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics.

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics

Computing – Computer Science / Information Systems http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics.

Environmental Studies http://www.envstudies.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and either Biology or Chemistry.

Pharmacy http://www.pharmacy.nus.edu.sg/

Strong Year 12 pass or strong higher level pass in Chemistry and either Biology or Physics or Mathematics.

Projects & Facilities Management http://www.pfm.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry or Mathematics or Physics.

Real Estate http://www.rst.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry or Mathematics or Physics.

Science (all majors) http://www.science.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in any two of the following: Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Physics, Physical Science, either Mathematics or Further Mathematics. Please refer to each faculty for more information.

Degree Programme

Minimum Subject Requirements

Biomedical Engineering http://www.bioeng.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Chemical Engineering http://www.chbe.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics.

Civil Engineering http://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/cee/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Computer Engineering http://www.ceg.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry. (Jointly offered by the Faculty of Engineering and School of Computing)

Electrical Engineering http://www.ece.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Engineering Science http://www.esp.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics.

The loan amount provided to eligible international students is based on Singapore citizen tuition fee rate. For example, the tuition fee payable for a Singaporean undergraduate and an international undergraduate taking the same course, for instance, engineering in the Academic Year 2014 is S$7,850 and S$15,700 per annum respectively. The total loan amount under the Tuition Fee Loan and NUS Study Loan for an eligible international student would be S$7,065 and S$4,385 per annum. Details on the calculation can be found in the table below.

Check the admission requirements for your high school qualification and ensure you meet both admissions and subject requirements.

Check the application period for the qualification you are presenting (Online application opens in Mid October with different closing dates for different qualifications)

Applicants of selected qualifications will be shortlisted for the University Entrance Examination (UEE) in February/March to assess their suitability for admission.

Subsidised tuition fee payable (after taking up MOE Tuition Grant)

NATIONALITIES

ELIGIBILTY

QUALIFICATIONS

All undergraduate programmes leading to a first degree

• Year 12 equivalent results

How to Apply: Apply at Public Service Commission website: http://www.pscscholarships.gov.sg/content/pscsch/default/ scholarshipapplication/otherscholarships/gks_scholarship.html

Estimated living expenses (including on-campus accommodation) Total amount payable (a) Financial Aid Funds

Office of Admissions National University of Singapore University Town, 2 College Avenue West, #01-03 (Stephen Riady Centre), Singapore 138607 Have a Question? Tel: +65 6516 1010 Fax: +65 6778 7570 Email: http://www.askadmissions.nus.edu.sg

15,700 10,000 25,700 Singapore Dollars (S$)

Tuition Fee Loan (90% of subsidised tuition fee at Singaporean rate)

7,065

NUS Study Loan (10% of subsidised tuition fee at Singaporean rate) + $3,600 living allowance

4,385

NUS Bursary

1,050

Total financial aid funds (b)

12,500

Estimated annual out-of-pocket amount payable (a) – (b)

13,200

Submit online application at the Admissions website and pay application fee. If you require financial aid, submit an online application for financial aid by 1 April.

Await admission outcome, which is released from May to July. Successful applicants will receive email notification and an admission package. They will also be informed of status of financial aid application.

For information on Financial Aid, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/scholarships-financialaid/financialaid/financial-application.html

Singapore Dollars (S$)

Office of Financial Aid Tel: +65 6516 2870 Fax: +65 6774 4021 Email: financialaid@nus.edu.sg

Note: The above financial aid schemes and funds are offered based on each individual scheme’s award criteria.

Engineering-Based Undergraduate Courses Environmental Engineering http://www.envstudies.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics.

Industrial & Systems Engineering http://www.ise.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Materials & Science Engineering http://www.mse.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Mechanical Engineering http://me.nus.edu.sg/

Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry.

Other Academic Requirements International applicants with selected academic qualifications are required to submit SAT test scores, English Language scores and/or sit for the University Entrance Examination.

English Language Requirement International students must be proficient in the English Language as this is the language of instruction at the University. Applicants with selected academic qualifications are required to furnish additional English Language test scores to fulfil the English Language requirement set by the university. http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/apply/international/ admissionreq/BYA-admissionreq.html#englishreq

SAT Subject Tests Applicants are required to submit 3 subject tests as follows: • Mathematics Level II^ • A second subject of your choice (excluding Mathematics Level I) • A third subject of your choice (excluding Mathematics Level I) ^ Mathematics II is a compulsory subject for all courses except Law. Applicants applying for admission to Law may take any subject, including Mathematics I, in lieu of Mathematics II.

For information on SAT requirements, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/apply/international/ admissionreq/BYA-admissionreq.html#SAT

For information on application procedures, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/apply/international/applications/WYA-applicationform.html

Citizens of Asia Pacific region

http://www.nus.edu.sg/iro/sep/partners/index.html

Test EL1119 IELTS MUET

Minimum Acceptable Score C6 6.5 200

Cambridge ‘O’ Level English

TOEFL

580 for paper-based / 237 for computer-based / 92-93 for internet-based*

* For TOEFL score comparison table, please refer to http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/TOEFL_iBT_Score_Comparison_Tables.pdf

University Entrance Examination (UEE) The University Entrance Examination is conducted for applicants presenting selected academic qualifications to assess their suitability for admission. Shortlisted candidates will be considered for admission based on their performance at the UEE and at the sole discretion of the University. Unless invited, candidates will not be allowed to take or appeal to take the UEE. The UEE will be conducted in February/March in Indonesia, Vietnam and Singapore. For information on UEE, please visit http://www.nus. edu.sg/oam/apply/international/exams/BYA-exam. html

Qualifying English Test (QET) Upon accepting the University’s offer of admission, international students may be required to sit for the QET set by the Centre for English Language Communication (CELC). Students with the required level of English proficiency may be exempted from taking the QET. For information on QET and exemption, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/event/registrationqet.html

For information on the conduct of SAT, please visit http:// www.collegeboard.com

Application for Admission

Example of Financial Aid for eligible international undergraduate student in Engineering in 2014

SCHOLARSHIPS

Overseas University Partners in over 40 countries • Australia • New Zealand • China • Hong Kong • Taiwan • Japan • South Korea • Canada • Mexico • United States of America • Austria • Belgium • Croatia • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Lithuania • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Germany • Hungary • Ireland • Israel • Latvia • Romania • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland• United Kingdom

Online Financial Aid Calculator

Dr Goh Keng Swee (GKS) Scholarship

http://www.nus.edu.sg/iro/sep/out/index.html

http://www.overseas.nus.edu.sg/index.htm

For SAT Subject Tests, the 3 subjects can be taken in no more than two sittings, but within the period of one year. The second and third subjects should be chosen based on the subject prerequisites of the courses you are applying for. For example, if you are applying for Chemical Engineering, you will need to choose Physics and Chemistry. If you are applying for Business Administration, you may choose any two subjects except Mathematics I. No minimum Subject Test scores are stipulated.

https://myaces.nus.edu.sg/webroapsbs/jsp/FinancialNeedsCalculator.jsp

Scholarships that require separate application

NUS Overseas Colleges Designed to cultivate dynamic and resourceful entrepreneurs, the NUS Overseas Colleges (NOC) programme involves a highly innovative experience set to change the way you view the future. Be immersed in the entrepreneurial academic environments of leading entrepreneurial hubs around the world. Intern with start-up companies for up to a year and learn from the very best by interacting with the founders of these companies and feel the similar adrenaline rush they experience while learning the ropes on starting a company.

SAT The SAT consists of 3 Sections, Critical Reading section, Writing section and Mathematics section. All 3 sections have to be taken in one sitting. Combination of sections scores from different settings is not accepted.

Business Analytics http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/is/ ug-bsc-ba_prospective.html

Engineering-Based Undergraduate Courses

Financial Aid Calculation

Tuition Fee and Living Expenses

http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg

Student Exchange Programme (SEP) NUS students may apply to go on the Student Exchange Programme (SEP) at one of our partner universities for up to 2 semesters, and embark on a journey of cultural discoveries, social networking and academic growth.

For more information on course and subject prerequisites, please visit http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/apply/international/prerequisites/BYA-prerequisites.html

Business Administration (Accountancy) Year 12 or higher level pass in Mathematics. http://bba.nus.edu.sg/

NATIONALITIES

Dentistry http://www.dentistry.nus.edu.sg/ Industrial Design http://www.nusdid.edu.sg/

http://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/apply/international/admissionreq/BYA-admissionreq.html

SCHOLARSHIP

Year 12 or higher level pass in Chemistry or Mathematics or Physics or Physical Science.

Non-Engineering Based Undergraduate Courses

Applicants must have completed or are completing STPM in the year of admission and submit MUET scores.

Vietnamese High School Graduation Examination (VHS)

Minimum Subject Requirements (Shortlisted applicants will be notified via email in April / May)

Architecture http://www.arch.nus.edu.sg/

For Music Programmes offered by Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, applicants are required to submit a separate application to the Conservatory. An audition will be conducted for shortlisted applicants and applicants will be informed separately.

Applicants may submit actual PRC NCEE Gao Kao results with TOEFL/IELTS to apply for admission. Applicants without PRC NCEE Gao Kao results must submit High School Graduation results with SAT and SAT Subject Tests for consideration.

Unified Examination Certificate (UEC)

Degree Programme (Test/ Interview Required)

Tests and Interviews Shortlisted candidates for courses in Architecture, Dentistry, Industrial Design, Law, Medicine or Nursing will be notified via email to attend additional tests and/or interviews in April/May each year to assess their suitability. Students applying for the Medicine and Dentistry courses are required to submit actual results by the respective closing dates applicable to the qualifications they are offering, as shortlisting for tests and interviews is based on actual results.

Applicants must have completed or are completing Indian Year 12 in the year of admission. Applicants must submit the SAT and SAT Subject Tests. Applicants completing Indian Year 12 in the year of admission are not eligible to apply for Dentistry, Law, Medicine and Nursing. (Subject to the availability of eligible applicants, the University may conduct additional Architecture and Industrial Design aptitude tests in June to determine the applicants’ suitability).

Indonesian Ebtanas

Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM)

NUS Students’ Union (NUSSU) has 14 NUSSU Constituent Clubs and 11 Committees while Centre for the Arts has 23 different arts groups. There are a total of 69 studentled interest groups. If you are into Sports, there are a total of over 70 competitive and recreational sporting activities to choose from.

Applicants must have completed the qualification/certificate with a ATAR/ ENTER/ TER/UAI/OP.

Canadian Pre-U | Ontario Secondary School Diploma

University Scholars Programme The University Scholars Programme (USP), being a broad-based institution of higher learning, provides our students with opportunities to learn from diverse disciplines across 7 faculties. USP provides a platform for students with keen intellect and a passion for learning to further develop their academic capacities through diverse academic experiences right up to designing their own modules and subject majors.

In an increasingly globalised and connected world, graduates need to stand out as culturally sensitive, well-informed and articulate individuals who can learn and think for themselves. They will also need to keep abreast with global developments in order to meet its challenges. Here in NUS, we encourage our students to foster friendships across cultures and borders via an array of purported programmes, activities and initiatives.

Qualification Type

Special University Programmes

Community of the World... For the World

Campus Life Snapshots

Residential Colleges The residential colleges, the first of their kind in Singapore and Southeast Asia, provide an exciting alternative for undergraduate campus living. The colleges incorporate academic programmes designed to facilitate an engaged and stimulating learning experience in comfortable residential settings. In addition to extracurricular activities, incoming freshmen will take 5 of their classes at the college over a two-year period, helping them fulfill their university-level degree requirements. Some students from non-modular faculties (whose course requirements may be reduced or waived) and students from overseas exchange programmes add to the residential mix. Students from any NUS faculty are eligible to apply. http://utown.nus.edu.sg/programmes/overview/

curriculum and multi-disciplinary education, our graduates are able to realise their potential. NUS also provides an array of professional careerrelated services and industrial attachments via the NUS Career Centre to give students the edge in today’s competitive employment market.

Taiwan

Middle East

* Not all double degree programmes will be offered at the point of admission. Selected DDPs are available only after completion of first level of study.

NUS University Town University Town epitomises the University’s vision of a vibrant campus ecosystem. Uniquely designed as learning communities with small personalised classes, UTown’s residential colleges are a first for Singapore and Southeast Asia. This convivial setup encourages students and professors to interact beyond the classroom. Coupled with sporting and cultural facilities, this promotes a richer and more holistic NUS experience.

Japan South Korea

India

Concurrent Degree Programme Concurrent Degree Programmes (CDP) involve a combination of a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree from the same faculty or from two different faculties. Such programmes allow students to pursue the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree concurrently.

Co. Registration No. 200604346E

NUS

Your Choice of Academic Programmes

A Leading Global University Centred in Asia, Influencing the Future

VISIT OUR CAMPUS

Let our student ambassadors lead you on a campus tour, answer your enquiries and share their experience with you. You can register your campus tour online at http://www.nus.edu.sg/ oam/campustour/campustour.html Please note there will be no campus tours scheduled from November to mid January due to term vacations. Take a virtual tour of NUS via your iPhone. Download “Around NUS” iPhone App on iTunes.

All information is correct at the time of printing in June 2014. Updates will be posted at http://www.nus.edu.sg/admissions/undergrad “The National University of Singapore (“the University”) gives no warranty and accepts no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or the completeness of the information provided in this brochure. By referring to this brochure, the reader acknowledges and agrees that the University shall not be held responsible or liable in any way for, and no right of action will arise as a result of, and/or any consequences (including, without limitation, personal injury or property damage), howsoever arising, sustained as a result of reference to, or reliance upon, any information contained in, or omitted from this brochure, whether through neglect or otherwise”

Strategic Location Petrochemical Complex on Jurong Island, the premier hub

ExxonMobil Jurong

operations are fully integrated with the pipeline-customers

ExxonMobil

and leverages on Jurong Island’s excellent infrastructure and facilities. Coupled with Singapore’s strategic location

Vopak Terminal

in Southeast Asia, supportive government policies and

The Singapore Petrochemical Complex:

Excellence & Dedication Our State-of-the-Art Facilities

Our Customers:

PCS’ ethylene plants incorporate the latest technology, allowing for the flexible use of naphtha, gasoil and LPG to achieve the most economical mix of feedstocks. Our other plants further optimise the value of all our product streams. The entire manufacturing operation is controlled by state-of-the-art process control systems. A comprehensive network of pipelines and storage tanks allows for a seamless flow of products to our customers on Jurong Island and beyond.

PCS is the centre company of the S$5.4 billion Singapore of Singapore’s petroleum and petrochemical industries. Our

Manufacturing

Manufacturing excellence means to be a reliable provider of quality products and services at competitive prices.

Sharing

with

Singapore Refining Company

location to sustain and improve its competitive

SINGAPORE

position as a regional leader in the petrochemical

Oil Tanking

industry.

The community is our lifesource and a lifetime partner.

SINGAPORE PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX

Shell Pulau Bukom JURONG ISLAND

Vopak Terminal

Tankstore Pulau Busing

Vopak Terminal Pulau Sebarok

PCS is recognised as a leading producer of ethylene and propylene, and other by-products in the region. The capacities of our two crackers together with our metathesis plant; total 1.1 million tonnes per year of ethylene, and more than 800,000 tonnes per year of propylene. We also produce acetylene, butadiene, 1-butene, MTBE, benzene, toluene and xylene. Products that are not consumed in the Complex are exported to the region.

Product

With debottlenecking and additional facilities, including a 200,000 tonnes per year metathesis plant and a 100,000 tonnes per year butadiene plant, PCS’ manufacturing capacities have increased over the years. To further strengthen its infrastructure, a 240,000 m3 Naphtha Import Facilities were constructed. Additionally, a PCS/Shell joint-venture condensate splitter unit in Shell Bukom is another source of supply of PCS’ naphtha needs, via a five-kilometre long submarine pipeline. These investments further strengthen PCS’ competitiveness and provides increased flexibility to the Complex.

Ethylene Propylene Propylene (Metathesis) Butadiene MTBE 1-Butene Benzene Toluene Xylene Acetylene

our

Community

We also supply utilities such as seawater, steam, compressed air as well as provide common facilities and services such as berths, security and fire fighting services to ensure the efficient and safe operation of the Complex.

Manufacturing Capacity

availability of skilled manpower, PCS is in a prime

S uc c e s s ful

Through the years, PCS has forged a close-knit rapport with the community which Plants Capacity (Tonnes per year)

Total Capacities (Tonnes per year)

Plant I 465,000 270,000

Plant II 635,000 375,000

1,100,000 645,000

60,000 105,000 55,000 26,000 5,500

200,000 100,000 140,000 63,000 165,000 90,000 59,000 7,500

200,000 160,000 140,000 63,000 270,000 145,000 85,000 13,000

PCS is committed to providing a reliable supply of olefins, aromatics and other petrochemical products as well as excellent supporting services for the efficient and safe operation of our customers. On Ayer Merbau, we have The Polyolefin Company (TPC), Chevron Phillips Singapore Chemicals (CPSC), Shell Eastern Petroleum (SEPL), Denka Singapore (DSPL), Rohm and Haas Chemicals Singapore (RHCS), Ethoxylates Manufacturing (EMPL), Tetra Chemical Singapore (TCS), Mitsui Elastomers Singapore (MELS) and Sumitomo Chemical Asia (SCA) forming the integral part of the Singapore Petrochemical Complex, receiving feed stocks and utilities from PCS. Product pipelines from PCS are also extended to Shell Chemicals Seraya (SCSL) and Denka Singapore (DSPL) on neighboring Seraya, to Singapore Methy Methacrylate (SMM), Singapore Acrylic (SAA), Celanese Singapore (CSPL), Mitsui Phenols Singapore (MPS) and Lucite International Singapore (Lucite) on Sakra and to Arlanxeo Singapore (Arlanxeo) on Tembusu on Jurong Island. PCS is also connected by pipelines to Singapore Refinery Company on Merlimau, ExxonMobil on Ayer Chawan, Shell Bukom and more recently Vopak Banyan Terminal for the LPG feed stocks.

we belong. We give our support to various charitable programmes and projects. As a socially responsible corporate citizen, we dedicate ourselves to developing a mutually

In order to help strengthen the local petrochemical industry’s competitiveness, PCS continues to seek opportunities to upgrade, integrate and synergise with neighbouring chemical companies on Jurong Island.

beneficial long-term relationship with our community.

ay w

Our Contribution We are regular participants in Community Chest fund-raising activities for the underprivileged in the community. Together with our employee donations, we match dollar for dollar to the SHARE (Social Help Assisting Raised by Employees) programme.

In other areas of community relations, PCS is committed to the training of

SCSL-SM/PO Plants

Roa

Pipe Corridor to SRC

Pipe Corridor to Exxon Mobil

EOD Plant

SEPL

Waste Treatment

EMPL EOD Plant

Utilities

▼

to Sakra CSPL-VAM Plant & SAA-Acrylic Acid Plant & SMM-MMA Plant

BUTADIENE PLANT

PCS I Ethylene Plant

Underground Pipe Corridor to Sakra

Propylene Plant RHCS MBS Plant

BTX Butadiene Plants

Boiler

TCS MTBE Plant

Ethylene Plant

Tank Yard

BTX/C4 Plant

Utilities

Boiler

SEPL Tank Yard

Waste Treatment

PCS II

(EGS Tank Yard)

PP Plant

LDPE Plant

TPC I Warehouse

CP Plant

TPC II

GLS Plant

Warehouse

SEPL

(MEG Plant)

LDPE Plant

SCA

(TREX Plant) SEPL (LEO Plant)

HDPE Plant

CPSC I

CPSC II

Warehouse

PCS II

Naphtha Import Facilities

Tank Yard

Layout of Complex I & II 3

DSPL I Acetylene Black Plant DSPL II

No.2

MELS

MELS SP

and technicians at the local tertiary educational institutions. We also participate in internships and industrial attachments with these educational institutions.

Pipe Bridge to Seraya Ayer Merbau Road

SOXAL

Air Separation Plant

(EGS PLANT) EO/EG Plant

highly-qualified manpower for the industry. We offer scholarships to aspiring engineers

«2

Relationships

The Complex scheme is characterized by the close inter-connected relationships at every level. PCS now serves more than 10 world-class petrochemical pipeline-customers on Jurong Island in their production of petrochemical products, such as, high/low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene monomers, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, vinyl acetate monomers, acrylates, polyols, etc.

Utilities

World

g Is l an dH ig h

t o t h e

The Singapore Petrochemical Complex makes further inroads into regional and global markets.

Juron

Gateway

Unloading Berths

Liquid Berths

Slipway

«6

Solid Berth

Progressive

PCS Responsible

Workforce:

Our people are given every opportunity to grow in their work, to upgrade their skills and acquire new knowledge.

H SE

August 1977

Beyond

Care

Fostering a healthy and safe workplace, and best in class environment, results in long term benefits for the individual, the company and society.

Our Greatest Asset Our people are indeed one of the keys to our success. We believe that the excellence

Tomorrow Contributing to modern living standards and industrial development in the region.

up PCS to what it is today. Our benefits encompass systematic training and development

At PCS, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) issues are given top priority. We adopt stringent measures to improve and sustain the health and safety of every individual in our workforce, and strive for a best in class environment. As the Asian economies continues to grow, the petrochemical industry remains one of

skill training programmes, technical and management development courses aimed at Our employees and contractors undergo regular comprehensive HSE training and participate

the most dynamic in the world. With Asia’s large population base, demographic profile

actively in various HSE activities aimed towards achieving zero lost-time injury. We reach out

and changing lifestyle, the growth in demand for petrochemical products is amongst

At PCS, we believe in accountability and integrity, a shared responsibility

to our customers on sharing of HSE best practices. Our workforce and customers benefit

the highest in the world.

in meeting our customer’s expectations. To achieve this, all our employees

from this entrenched safety culture.

building a highly motivated workforce.

share in five core values:

Start of construction works of PCS on Pulau Ayer Merbau Start up of PCS I and its pipeline-customers: The Polyolefin Company (Singapore) Private Limited (TPC), Phillips Petroleum Singapore Chemicals (PPSC), and Denka Singapore (Private) Limited (DSPL)

February 1985

Startup of Ethylene Glycols (Singapore) Private Limited (EGS)

March 1985

Official Opening of PCS I as part of the Singapore Petrochemical Complex

March 1989

1st Debottlenecking of PCS I capacity

October 1989

Shell’s participation in PCS

October 1992

2nd Debottlenecking of PCS I capacity

December 1994

Ground Breaking Ceremony of PCS II and Complex II companies

April 1997

Start up of PCS II and additional pipeline-customers’ plants in Pulau Seraya and Pulau Sakra

December 1997

Official Opening of PCS II as part of Singapore Petrochemical Complex

July 1999

High commitment to working together for mutual benefit and

3rd Debottlenecking of PCS I capacity

co-ordinated efforts.

Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore (Private) Limited

Integrity

and consumer fields:

plants are well-equipped to treat solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. Our HSE Management

• Household products: textiles, furniture fabrics, carpeting, paints, luggages, electrical

System is independently assessed to be in line with international standards, obtaining the

appliances, kitchen accessories, detergents, etc.

ISO 14001 Certification in January 2000 and OHSAS 18001 in November 2002.

• Transportation: automotive products such as polyester car and truck bodies, acrylic

PCS takes a serious view of process safety, having its own Process

100 Ayer Merbau Road

Strong ethical standards and business integrity, trustworthiness,

Safety Policy and tracking its own Process Safety Key Performance

dependability, and reliability.

Indicators for continual improvement. On the environmental

Singapore 628277

Professionalism

responsibility, and striving to reduce its carbon footprint.

Excellence in all aspects of individual’s and organisation’s performance.

: (65) 6867 9274

Innovation and Creativity

Singapore Standard SS 506 : Part 3 : 2006, accredited by

Ability to come out with better ideas and solutions.

Singapore Accreditation Council in December 2009. SS 506 Part 3 is an amalgamation of Process Safety elements

Open Communication Recognising the diversity of nationalities working in our Company and the Complex, open and free exchange of views and ideas is valued.

Ground-Breaking Ceremony of PCS Metathesis Plant

automobile finish coats, styrenic car bumpers, synthetic elastomers for tires, tire

May 2006

Start-up of PCS Metathesis Plant

November 2006

Official Opening of PCS Metathesis Plant

November 2009

Start-up of Shell’s MEG Plant

December 2009

QPI and Shell Petrochemicals (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.’s participation in PCS

October 2012

Ground-Breaking Ceremony of PCS 2nd Butadiene Plant

May 2014

Start-up of PCS 2nd Butadiene Plant

• Other industrial sectors: agriculture, packaging, building, medical and surgical

and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) elements into one integrated system. PCS actively reaches out to industry and the public, specifically working closely with the Singapore Chemical Industry Council (SCIC) to promote HSE activities and share our experience and expertise. We also work closely with Workplace Safety and Health Council, as a bizSAFE Mentor, in helping companies build up their workplace safety and health capabilities.

07/2018

Startup of Mitsui Elastomers Singapore Pte Ltd

April 2005

treads and hoses, vinyl seat covers, methacrylate traffic lights and road signs.

PCS became the first enterprise to achieve certification to

Registration No. (UEN) 197701742H

Debottlenecking of PCS II capacity OHSAS 18001 certified

April 2003

telecommunications/office equipment.

: (65) 6867 2000

Fax

Website: http://www.pcs.com.sg

ISO 14001 certified Startup of Condensate Splitter Unit jointly owned with Shell Eastern Petroleum and constructed on Pulau Bukom

August 2001 December 2002

• Electronics: computers, digital hi-fi, audio-visual consumer products, and

front, PCS is proactive in promoting greater consciousness and

Tel

Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore (Private) Limited

January 2000 June 2000

Applications of petrochemical products are widely spread across both the industrial

Our plants are designed to meet the stringent HSE requirements, with sophisticated safety systems to ensure process safety and monitor all parts of plant operations. Facilities and

Teamwork

Incorporation of Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore (Private) Limited (PCS)

February 1984

in skills and the commitment of our people make the Company grow and build schemes. And as PCS grows, our employees grow too. We offer job rotation, multi-

Growth

July 1980

equipment, parts and components. With growing demand and changing markets, coupled with greater competition, PCS looks forward to continue playing a leading role in the industrial development and rise of living standards, and providing our customers a reliable source of cost-effective products in an environmentally and socially responsible manner.

October 2014

Official Opening of PCS 2nd Butadiene Plant

March 2016

Ground-Breaking Ceremony of PCS Naphtha Import Facilities

November 2017

Start-up of PCS Naphtha Import Facilities

March 2018

Official Opening of PCS Naphtha Import Facilities

Incorporation of PCS in 1977

PCS Ground Breaking Ceremony in 1980

Complex II Official Opening in 1997

Official Opening of PCS 2nd Butadiene Plant in 2014

Official Opening of PCS Naphtha Import Facilities in 2018

«4

« 12

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

Surgery Options for the Treatment of OSA

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition affecting roughly 1 in 3 people. It is caused by the narrowing and collapsing of the upper airway during sleep. Surgery is one of the treatment options for OSA.

Common surgeries for OSA include (but are not limited to):

Upper Airway Anatomy Soft palate Tongue

Tonsillectomy Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Septoplasty Inferior turbinoplasty Radiofrequency inferior turbinate • Nasal valve stabilisation • • • • •

• Adenoidectomy • Radiofrequency of the palate/ tongue • Coblation tongue channelling • Robotic surgery • Bony surgery • Tracheostomy

What Should I Expect If I Undergo Surgery? Nasal cavity

Uvula

Pharynx (airway)

Open Airway

Obstructed Airway

How Can Surgery Help? Surgery widens the upper airway space by: • Reducing excess tissue • Reducing collapsibility of tissue

What Are the Aims of Surgery? Surgery can be done to:

If you decide to undergo surgery, your surgeon will discuss with you as to which surgery is suitable for you. A combination of surgeries may be recommended for your snoring and sleep apnoea as this condition is often caused by obstructions at a few different levels in the upper airway.

Different Types of Surgery for Snoring and Sleep Apnoea Tonsillectomy This surgery removes both tonsils. Large tonsils can cause the narrowing of the upper airway which makes it difficult for patients to breathe. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars. Tonsillectomy is also commonly done in combination with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty to expand the oropharyngeal (oral) part of the upper airway.

Before Gingiva Soft palate

This operation is also usually offered to patients with a blocked nasal airflow due to an enlarged inferior turbinate. Inferior turbinates are normal bones in our noses that are covered with soft tissue linings. When enlarged, they can reduce air passage within our noses.

Surgery for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Clinical Sites:

Septoplasty This operation is usually offered to patients with a blocked nasal airflow due to a deviated or bent septum (the centre division of the nose). Surgery aims to straighten the bent septum to provide better nasal airflow. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Teeth

Cartilage removed Septum reshaped Deviated septum

After Gingiva Soft palate Removed tonsil Tongue

• Facilitate usage of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine • Improve snoring and sleep apnoea symptoms

Radiofrequency inferior turbinate

This is one of the most common surgeries for snoring and sleep apnoea. A patient who snores or has sleep apnoea often has thickened and laxed uvula, palate, and pharyngeal muscles that cause the narrowing of the upper airway. This surgery helps by cutting away excess tissue, and uses stitches to increase the tension of the tissue to widen your airway. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Uvula

Infected tonsil Tongue

Surgery aims to improve symptoms and alleviate your condition. However, there can be some residual snoring, persistent symptoms or relapse of symptoms after surgery. This is because there are various other contributing factors including excess weight and muscle laxity that come with ageing, as well as family history predisposition. Some patients may also need other complementary treatment after surgery. This may include weight loss, dental appliance, myofunctional therapy, use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, treatment of nasal allergies, maintenance of sleep hygiene and having an active lifestyle, etc.

Lip

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Lip

Uvula Teeth

Inferior turbinoplasty This operation is usually offered to patients with a blocked nasal airflow due to an enlarged inferior turbinate. Inferior turbinates are bones in our noses that are covered with mucosa lining (soft tissue). When enlarged, they can reduce the air passage within our noses. Surgery aims to reduce the size of the turbinate by cutting away some bone and soft tissue linings to provide better nasal airflow. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Adenoidectomy

Coblation tongue channelling

Bony surgery

This surgery removes adenoids, which are lymphoid tissues at the back of your nose. Some patients may have enlarged adenoids that can cause nasal blockage and narrowing of the upper airway. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

This surgery uses coblation technology, which is bipolar radiofrequency energy, to reduce the volume of the tongue. It also stiffens the tongue to prevent it from flopping backwards and obstructing the upper airway. This is usually offered to patients with tongue enlargement or laxity causing the narrowing of the upper airway. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Bony surgery including sliding genioplasty and maxillomandibular advancement are beneficial surgeries to widen your upper airway. It is usually offered to patients with retrusive maxilla (upper jaw) and/ or mandible (lower jaw) which causes upper airway narrowing. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Swollen left inferior turbinate before surgery, causing blockage of nasal passage

The surgery involves using radiofrequency energy to generate thermal energy. This reduces the volume of the tissue swelling of the inferior turbinate, thus providing better nasal airflow. The operation can be done under local or general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Tracheostomy Tracheostomy is a surgery that involves the creation of an opening at the windpipe. It bypasses the obstructions at the upper airway and provides direct air entry into the lungs via the windpipe. This surgery is usually done under general anaesthesia and there will be an external neck cut. This surgery is rarely done currently for OSA.

How Long Is the Hospital Stay? Robotic surgery

Shrunken left inferior turbinate at the end of surgery after radiofrequency application

Nasal valve stabilisation This operation is helpful for patients with nasal valve collapse. It involves stitching to anchor the weak nasal cartilage to the bony side wall of the nose. This prevents the collapse of the nasal valve when you breathe with your nose. This operation can be done in combination with septoplasty and inferior turbinoplasty to provide better nasal airflow. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Radiofrequency of the soft palate/tongue Radiofrequency of the soft palate/ tongue utilises thermal ablation to achieve volumetric reduction and stiffening of the soft palate/ tongue. This can help reduce the vibration and collapse of the soft palate/tongue. The operation can be done under local or general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

Advanced robotic technology is used to help remove excess tongue base or epiglottis tissue, which can cause a blockage of the airway passage during sleep. Robotic technology allows good visualisation of the surgery area and removal of the targeted excess tissue. The operation is done under general anaesthesia. There are no external cuts or scars.

In general, most patients will stay in the hospital for 1 - 5 days after surgery. This depends on the type and combination of surgery you undergo. Some patients may require post-operative monitoring in the High Dependency Unit (HDU) or Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Your doctor will share more details with you when the type and combination of surgeries are determined.

What Should I Expect or Watch Out for After Surgery? In general, 2 weeks of hospitalisation leave will be given following the surgery. Some blood in the mucus or saliva is to be expected in the first 1 - 3 weeks following the surgery. It is important to return to the hospital immediately if you experience fresh bleeding, difficulty in breathing, or any other discomfort.