C
CONTENTS
MICHAEL J A CRADOCK S1106281 IN PLACE ARCH08007 COURSE ORGANISER: TAHL KAMINER TUTOR: NIALL JACOBSON SEMESTER 1 YEAR 2 ARCHITECTURE EDINBURGH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
1
SITE SURVEY
2
ANALYSIS
EXPOSING THE HIDDEN CITY
3
DESIGN
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLATFORM
4/
INITIAL RESPONSE
13/
FLOOR RUBBINGS
18/
INITIAL IDEAS
9/
FROM-DOOR PHOTOGRAPHS
14/
STREET ISOMETRIC WITH TEXTURES
19/
PRECEDENT STUDIES
10/
STREET SECTIONS
15/
TEXTURE AND FROM-DOOR MAPS
20/
SITE ANALYSIS
22/
PROPOSED POLIS
23/
DEVELOPMENT
24/
PLANS
28/
PERSPECTIVE SECTION
29/
ISOMETRIC
30/
TEXTURAL SCHEME
31/
VIEW FROM DALRY ROAD
32/
CONFESSIONAL OR DENUNCIATION CHAMBER
33/
MODELS
34/
SECTIONS
36/
TRAFFIC ISLAND
1
1
SITE SURVEY
AS A GROUP WE WERE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN THE TWO DISCONNECTED AREAS OF THE LINE: NEW TOWN AND DALRY ROAD. THESE PLACES HAVE DISTINCT IDENTITIES HOWEVER, WHERE THEY FORMED ‘URBAN FRONTIERS’, A VOID IS FORMED. THIS VOID IS THE HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE. DESPITE IT BEING A CENTRE FOR TRANSPORT, INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE, IT LACKS A UNIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE THAT MAKES IT FEEL LIKE AN ORGANISED SPACE.
3
1
DALRY CEMENTERY 13:54
4
2
DALRY ROAD PETROL STATION 14:10
3
DALRY ROAD CO-OP 14:21
4
DALRY GAIT 14:33
5
5
HAYMARKET STATION PLATFORM 4 14:49
6
6
PALMERSTON PLACE LANE 15:03
7
ST MARY’S CATHEDRAL 15:23
8
MELVILLE STREET LANE 15:41
7
10
9
RANDOLPH CRESCENT AND GREAT STUART STREET 16:00
8
MORAY PLACE GARDENS 16:11
9
10
STREET SECTIONS URBAN FRONTIERS HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE OPPOSITE PAGE SECTION AA RACHEL MILNE SCALE 1:500 SECTION BB JOANNA WILSON SCALE 1:500 THIS PAGE SECTION CC MICHAEL CRADOCK SCALE 1:500 SECTION DD LEIGH CLARK SCALE 1:500
11
2
ANALYSIS
EXPOSING THE HIDDEN CITY
TO UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF THE AREAS WE HAD PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED, WE LOOKED AT THEIR TEXTURAL LANGUAGE. ULTIMATELY, WE DISCOVERED THAT THE WHOLE LINE SHARED TEXTURES WHICH FITTED INTO THREE DISTINCT VOCABULARIES: WALL, GROUND AND TRANSITION.
13
ROLL WE DEVELOPED THE EARLIER RUBBINGS, TAKING ROLLS OF TRACING PAPER AND ALUMINIUM FOIL AND RUBBING GRAPHITE TO OBTAIN A 1:1 DRAWING OF THE STREET.
14
15
16
3 LEGI
SLAT
E
ST
A DC
CONVENE
OA
BR
DESIGN
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLATFORM
HAVING BEEN GIVEN WHAT IS, ESSENTIALLY, AN ARBITRARY GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO FALL INTO TWO DISTINCT COMMUNITIES, IT IS DIFFICULT TO DESIGN A COMMUNITY SPACE THAT SERVES ALL OF THE LINE. MY IDEA WAS TURN THE LINE, THEREFORE, INTO A POLIS; SIMILAR TO THE CITY-STATE OF ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE TIMES.
CONF
ESS
RECO
AS SUCH, THE INHABITANTS OF THE LINE MUST GOVERN THEMSELVES. MY BUILDING’S FIRST FUNCTION IS TO PROVIDE A SPACE FOR THEM TO DEBATE AND LEGISLATE NEW RULES. THESE ARE IN TURN BROADCAST TO HAYMARKET AND ALONG THE LINE AND RECORDED IN THE RECORD CENTRE.
RD
BENEATH THIS, A SECOND OFFICE SPACE ALLOWS FOR THE COMMUNITY TO SPY ON ITSELF TO ENSURE THAT THESE RULES ARE ABIDED BY. CONFESSIONALS ALLOW PEOPLE TO DENOUNCE THEIR NEIGHBOURS FOR NOT COMPLYING. THE NAMES OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BROKEN THE LAWS ARE ANNOUNCED FROM A LOUDHALER POSITIONED IN THE CENTRE OF THE HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE.
DENOUNCE
OB
SE
RV
E
PUNI
SH 17
18
INITIAL IDEAS
AGORA BOULEUTERION
CIVITAS FORUM
POLIS
A PUBLIC OPEN SPACE USED FOR ASSEMBLIES AND MARKETS A BUILDING WHICH HOUSED THE COUNCIL OF CITIzENS (BOULE), A BASIC INSTITUTION OF THE ANCIENT CITY-STATE, WHO ASSEMBLED IN ORDER TO CONFER AND DECIDE ABOUT PUBLIC AFFAIRS A BODY OF PEOPLE CONSTITUTING AN ORGANIzED COMMUNITY; CITY-STATE A PLACE, MEETING, OR MEDIUM WHERE IDEAS AND VIEWS ON A PARTICULAR ISSUE CAN BE EXCHANGED; A PUBLIC SqUARE OR MARKET PLACE USED FOR JUDICIAL AND OTHER BUSINESS A CITY, A CITY-STATE AND ALSO CITIzESHIP AND BODY OF CITIzENS
PRECEDENT STUDIES VITRUVIUS ‘THE TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE’ BOOK V DIVIDE THE FORUM’S LENGTH INTO THREE PARTS AND ASSIGN ONE OF THEM TO THE LENGTH PALLADIO ‘THE FOUR BOOKS OF ARCHITECTURE’ BOOK III INTRODUCTION [PIAzzE] ARE WHERE PEOPLE ASSEMBLE TO CONTRACT FOR THINGS USEFUL AND NECESSARY FOR THEIR WANTS. PORTICOS ARE TO BE PLACED AROUND PIAzzE AS BROAD AS THEIR COLUMNS ARE HIGH FOR PROTECTION FROM THE ELEMENTS. CHAPTER XVIII, ROMAN THE GAPS BETWEEN COLUMNS MUST BE BETWEEN 2.25 AND 3 TIMES THEIR WIDTHS. LONGER COURTS WITH GREATER INTERCOLUMNULAR SPACES ALLOW FOR GLADIATORIAL SPARRING. CHAPTER XVIV, GREEK GREEK CITY PLANNING OFTEN APPEARS HAPHAzARD ON PLAN BUT IS SPATIALLY VERY ORDERED. ONE MUST UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF VISTAS, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT OF THE TEMPLE OF HEPHAESTUS TO THE STOA OF ATTALOS ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE AGORA, ATHENS.
‘IDEAL CITIES’ RUTH EATON THE REVOLT OF THE CITIzEN POST WWII, THERE IS A REVOLT AGAINST AUTHORITY AND UNIFORMITY, THE IDEA OF THE INDIVIDUAL AS A COG IN A VAST MACHINE. THE BOULEUTERION IS A BUILDING WHICH HAS HOUSED A COUNCIL OF CITIzENS SINCE ANCIENT GREEK TIMES. THE BOULE, A BASIC INSTITUTION OF THE ANCIENT CITY-STATE, ASSEMBLED IN ORDER TO CONFER AND DECIDE ABOUT PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
TOWN HALLS, SAYNATSALO AND SEINAJOKI ALVAR AALTO AALTO’S FIRST ESSAYS ON CIVIC DESIGN ARE OVERTLY ITALIANATE. IN PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS AND COURTHOUSES, THE COURT HAS PRESERVED ITS INHERITED VALUE FROM THE TIME OF ANCIENT CRETE, GREECE AND ROME TO THE MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE PERIODS. AALTO ENVISAGED THE RAISED COURTYARD ENCLOSED BY THE VARIOUS BUILDINGS AS A PLACE FOR ALL CITIzENS TO ASSEMBLE IN THE MANNER OF SIENNA’S CAMPO. IN SEINAJOKI, THE TOWN HALL INCORPORATES STEPS INTENDED AS AN INFORMAL OUTDOOR AUDITORIUM, IT IS RAISED UP ON AN ARTIFICIAL ACROPOLIS. qUAY AND BRIDGEWATCHERS HOUSE, ROTTERDAM BOLLES+WILSON ARCHITECTS THE INTERACTION HERE BETWEEN SIMPLE ELEMENTS AND THE WAY THIS DICTATES CIRCULATION ALONG AN OTHERWISE UNDEFINED PATH IS VERY ATTRACTIVE TO ME. THE BRIDGEWATCHERS HOUSE FORMS A BUFFER AT THE END OF THE LONG qUAY, DIRECTING THE GAzE OUT ONTO THE WATER.
19
HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE SITE FOR PROPOSED BOULEUTERION
HAYMARKET SITE PLAN SCALE 1:500
20
HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE SITE FOR PROPOSED BOULEUTERION
PANORAMA OF THE NORTH SIDE OF HAYMARKET HAYMARKET ELEVATION (NORTH)
21
LINE 7 PROPOSED POLIS GENERATING A SELF-GOVERNING STATE THE LINE IS SPLIT INTO TWO DISTINCT GROUPS - THE NORTHERN ‘NEW TOWN’ AND THE SOUTHERN ‘DALRY ROAD’ AREA THE HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE ACTS AS A VOID BETWEEN THESE TWO ‘URBAN FRONTIERS’ AND IS THE SITE FOR MY COLLECTION OF BUILDINGS
PROPOSED POLIS SHOWING DISTINCT AREAS NEW TOWN
HAYMARKET
22
DALRY ROAD
DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISHING A CONTROLLED GRID, THE GEOMETRY OF WHICH IS TAKEN FROM ANCIENT FORUM PRECEDENTS, GENERATED THE INITIAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE THREE BUILDING FUNCTIONS. I AIMED TO GENERATE A DIDACTIC, ALMOST SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE THAT ILLUSTRATED THE TRANSITION OF INFORMATION.
23
S
HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE SITE FOR PROPOSED BOULEUTERION ROOF PLAN IN WIDER CONTEXT SCALE 1:500
-1
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES OFFICES FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATION, CONFESSIONALS/ DENOUNCING SPACES, LISTENING AND ANNOUNCING ROOM BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200
0
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES RECORDS OFFICE, TRAFFIC ISLAND FOR PRINCIPAL BROADCASTING SPACE, ACCESS TO ELEVATED FORUM GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200
1
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES LOUDHAILER FOR THE DENOUNCEMENT OF MALEFACTORS, BROADCASTING SCREEN, PROJECTION ROOM, FORUM FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200
27
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES HAYMARKET INTERCHANGE FUNCTIONS AND TRANSITIONS MAPPED ISOMETRIC SCALE 1:200
29
TEXTURE VOCABULARIES LOOKING AT MATERIAL TEXTURES COLLECTED LEADS ME TO ATTEMPT TO ESTABLISH A TEXTURAL LANGUAGE THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO THE BUILDINGS BASED ON THEIR FUNCTION.
30
FORUM
CONVENE, HIGH, ICON, ALOOF
WALLS/BOUNDARIES
STONE, CONCRETE, RAILING
SERVICES
GROUNDED, RECEPTICLE
PATH/FUNCTIONARY
METAL, ASPHALT, CONCRETE
BROADCAST
RAISED, LIGHT, BEACON
TRANSITIONS/THRESHOLDS
WOOD, DOORS, RAILING
CONFESSIONAL OR DENOUNCIATION CHAMBER
32
SITE MODEL
ORIGINAL SCALE 1:500 MDF BASE. CARDBOARD, METAL WIRE, WAX
MODEL
ORIGINAL SCALE 1:100 CARDBOARD, BALSA WOOD, MOUNTBOARD
33
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES PUBLIC FORUM, PROJECTION SPACE, ELEVATIONS OF PROJECTION SCREEN, LOUDHAILER AND SERVICE BUILDING SECTION AA SCALE 1:200
34
BOULEUTERION, BROADCASTER AND SERVICES OFFICES FOR RECORDS AND THE INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATION, CONFESSIONALS/DENOUNCING SPACES, TRAFFIC ISLAND FOR PRINCIPAL BROADCASTING SPACE, ELEVATION OF ELEVATED PUBLIC FORUM SECTION BB AND SECTION CC SCALE 1:200
35
‘SPECIAL HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DEPENDS ON RELATIONSHIPS THAT CAN BE CALLED ARCHISTIC. THE PERFORMANCE IS AN OPEN AND VOLUNTARY ENCOUNTER OF INDEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS, WHO LEND THEMSELVES TO THE COMMUNITY ONLY TEMPORARILY’ ALVAR AALTO ALONG THE LINE POLIS, THE WORD OF THE BOULEUTERION CAN BE PASSED ON THROUGH THE LOUDHAILERS BUILT ON TRAFFIC ISLANDS. THESE CAN ALSO BE USED AS PLATFORMS FOR PERSONAL EXPRESSION AND POLITICAL CANVASSING.
LOCATIONS OF TRAFFIC ISLANDS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE LINE POLIS MAP SCALE 1:10 000
ISLAND LOUDHAILER ELEVATIONS AND PLAN SCALE 1:50
36