一、關於六字訣的吐納法
歷史文獻認為，六字訣的吐納法為鼻吸口呼，勻細柔長。但在吐氣時是否出聲的問題上，認識各不相 同。陶弘景《養性延命錄》中“氣聲逐字”是出聲的，孫思邈也基本沿用其法，而唐代胡愔以後的大多數文 獻改為呼吸皆應令“耳不得聞其聲”。“養氣功六字訣”主要應用的是發聲法。認為，臨床應用時發聲比不 發聲收效快；只有發聲才能區分宮、商、角、徵、羽，才能配合五臟，更好地治病，並稱其為“風呼吸”。但 同時也要求：“初學者，一定要出聲，便於氣機通暢和掌握口型；等口型正確、腹式呼吸練熟了，自然呼 吸深長……真氣調動起來，水到渠成，就不期然而然地不出聲了。”
課題組認為，陶弘景與孫思邈的吐氣出聲法主要應用於治療疾病，而後世“吐氣無聲”則是治病與養 生相結合併向養生應用轉變。古人常稱六字訣為“六字氣”“六氣訣”或“六字氣訣”。這說明，氣息為六 字吐氣時的關鍵，而不是聲音。發聲是氣息由慢變急、由清變濁的表現，中醫認為它偏重於瀉法的作用。
另外，是否出聲還與是否配合動作及導引動作的特性有關。動作有力、轉折停頓明顯的，自然應以出聲 為好，像武術家對六字訣等聲法的運用；而靜功或動作舒緩、圓轉自然者，則應以不出聲為好。具體運用上 應區別對待，辯證施功。
對於“健身氣功·六字訣”，根據習練對象的不同，要求並不一樣。總的要求是，“吐氣不出聲”。具 體來說，對於初學者，可以吐氣出聲，主要是為便於口型校正，防止憋氣；功法熟練後，則應逐漸轉為吐 氣輕聲，乃至勻細柔長的無聲狀態。
試驗中，課題組專門觀察了“呼”字不同狀態對練功人群平均肌力的影響，以探索對以上問題的科學 驗證方法。結果顯示：單純讀字出聲與不出聲比較雖然差異無顯著性（P＞0.05)，但握力平均值出聲組高於 不出聲組。這可能與測試對象大都是六字訣初學者和評價方法（肌力）與發聲的用力狀態更接近有關（因 為發聲用力可調動肌肉的工作能力）。對此，尚需進一步研究探討。
二、關於六字訣中導引動作的配合
明代以前六字訣沒有動作配合的記載，基本是單純的吐納方法。明代以後，才開始有關於動作配合的 資料。其中“噓字訣”是眼睛的動作，“呼字訣”是口型，其他幾種也是單純的定式動作描述。另外，在宋 元、明、清等不同時期各種健身術中，也有配用六字訣作為其輔助練習的記載，如八段錦、易筋經、峨眉莊、 形意拳、八卦掌、大雁功等，但都未形成獨立的六字訣導引功法，而是各種特色的六字訣應用，與原始的靜 功六字訣已不完全一樣，在武術動功中大多已變成了助力練氣的聲法練習。
經過對文獻及各種實踐經驗的研究分析，課題組確定了“健身氣功·六字訣”動作設計原則：（一） 應符合六字訣吐納法對人體氣機的調整規律和節律，簡捷明瞭，切實做好吐納的輔助，而不應是導引與吐 納的簡單相加。（二）新功法以健身為主，動作配合上也應與臨床治療相區別，做到舒緩圓活，連綿不斷， 養練結合。（三）每個字訣的動作特點都要符合它所對應臟腑的氣化特點，如肝之升發、腎之閉藏等。在這
些原則的指導下，課題組博採眾長，在繼承的基礎上創新，編創了“健身氣功·六字訣”的輔助導引動作 （詳見第四章“健身氣功·六字訣”動作說明）。
同時，通過“呼”字不同狀態對練功人群的平均肌力影響的實驗，探討導引動作與吐納之間的關係。 從實驗結果來看，雖然目前有動作組與無動作組之間比較差異無顯著意義，但有動作組的肌力平均值大於 無動作組。這些表明，呼吸與動作相結合，效果較為理想，二者有相輔相成的作用。
三、關於六字訣中的呼吸法
傳統六字訣文獻中對呼吸法的介紹主要集中在“鼻吸口吐”、吐氣有聲或無聲上，對呼吸方法則沒有 具體論述。而根據氣功養生的基本原則和六字訣要求深長細柔的呼吸要領來分析，應為“腹式呼吸”。
在“健身氣功·六字訣”中，主要運用逆膜式呼吸方法，配合圓緩的以肚臍為中心的升降開闔動作。 動作開闔與內氣的呼吸開闔相應，能進一步調動人體內氣的平衡，使“健身氣功·六字訣”更具有養生 健身的特色。
Liu Zi Jue Jump to: navigation, search The Six Healing Sounds or Liu Zi Jue (六字訣) is one of the common forms of Chinese qigong, and involves the coordination of movement and breathing patterns with specific sounds.
Contents
1 History 2 The sounds/sections 3 See also
4 References
History The Term Liu Zi Jue first appears in a book called On Caring for the Health of the Mind and Prolonging the Life Span written by Tao Hongjing of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589). A leading figure of the Maoshan School of Taoism, Tao was renowned for his profound knowledge of
Traditional Chinese Medicine. "One has only one way for inhalation but six for exhalation" he writes in the book. Zou Pu'an of the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) was a major contributor in terms of theroy and practice to the transmission of the exercise through his book The Supreme Knack for Health Preservation - Six-Character Approach to Breathing Exercises. No body movements accompanied the Liu Zi Jue exercises until the Ming Dynasty (1386 - 1644) when Hu Wenhuan and Gao Lian wrote books on the subject. For instance they both included in their books the summary of Liu Zi Jue for despelling diseases and prolonging the life span, which combines controlled breathing with physical exercises. There are a number of schools of exercises which incorporate elements of Liu Zi Jue, including Yi Jin Jing, Ba Gua Zhang and Da Yan Gong, but the sounds are uses as an aid to physical exercises in these dynamic Qigong which is different from Liu Zi Jue. An authoritative work on the subject is Ma Litang's Liu Zi Jue Health and Fitness Exercises for clinical application. The theoretical basis of the Liu Zi Jue exercises is in line with the ancient theories intrinsic to Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Five Elements and the Five Solid Viscera. They tend to be on common ground on such issues as mouth forms and pronunciation methods, and the direction of body movements and mind follow the inner circulation law of the meridians.
The sounds/sections
噓 XU [pronounced like 'she,' with the lips rounded] - 'deep sigh' or 'hiss' - Level the Liver Qi 呵 HE [pronounced like 'huh'] - 'yawn' or 'laughing sound' - Supplement the Heart Qi 呼 HU [pronounced like 'who'] - 'to sigh,' 'to exhale,' or 'to call' Cultivate [or Shore Up] the Spleen/Pancreas Qi 呬 SI [pronounced like 'sir'] - 'to rest' - Supplement the Lung Qi 吹 CHUI [pronounced 'chway' or 'chwee,' depending on locale] - 'to blow out,' 'to blast,' or 'to puff' - Supplement the Kidney Qi
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ĺ˜ť XI [pronounced like 'she' with tongue high, and well forward, in the mouth] - 'mirthful' - Regulate the Triple Burner Qi [1]
All syllables are pronounced on a level tone - the so-called first tone (regardless of the dictionary pronunciation of each word); typically all but the fifth sound are sustained - the fifth sound may be sustained, or pronounced quickly and forcefully.[2]