vol_6_no_3 by Michigan Review

_ - - - - - - - - - u ' b e r t y Entails Responsibilityr---------.

THE EVIEW MICHIGA Volume 6 Number 3 November-December 1987

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reek Views

Section

November-December 19873

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Hyou've ever dreamed of being behind the controls of an airplane, this is your chance to find out what it's really like. AMarine Corps pilot is coming to campus who can take you up for trial flights. We're looking for a few college students who have the brains and skill-as well as the desire-to become Marine pilots.

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Hyou're cut out for it, we'll give you free civilian flight training, maybe even $100 a month cash while you're in school. And someday you could be flying a Harrier, Cobra or F/A-18. Get a taste of what life is like at the top. The flight's on us.

Getataste oflife attbetop.

Maybe yrJU can be one ofus.

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW The Student Affairs Magazine of the University of Michigan Publisher David Katz Associate Publishers Kurt M. Heyman Mark Powell Editor-in-Chief Seth B. Klukoff Executive Editors Steve Angelotti Rebecca Chung Campus Affairs Editor Leonard S. Greenberger Arts Editor Paul Seltman Personnel Manager Marc Selinger Staff Maria Ansari, David Calkins, Robert Campbell, Megan Carmody, Judy Cheng, Dominic Cianciolo, Katherine Dawson, Daniel Drumm, Rick Dyer, Vicky Frodel, Stephen George, Michael McFalls, M. Christopher Molesky, Paddie OHalloran, Jim Ottevaere, David Rettinger, Ryan Schreiber, Annette Theuring, Joseph Typho, David Vogel, Jennifer Worick, Daniel Yoder The Michigan Review is an independent, non-profit student magazine at the University of Michigan. We welcome letters and articles and encourage comments about the magazine and issues discussed in it. We are not affiliated with any political party. Our address is: Suite One 911 North University Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109 (313)-662-1909

CONTENTS From the Edi tor Serpent's Tooth From Suite One: Editorials Letters to the Edi tor

Review Forum Support Rent Stabilization Campus Affairs Student Leader Profile Drum Major Andy Purvis, by Vicky S. Frodel Excellence in Teaching Profiles Harold Jacobson, by Daniel Drumm Nancy Cantor, by Paddie O'Halloran The MARC Program, by Stephen George The Bells are Ringing: Carillonneur Margo Halsted, by Daniel Yoder

4 5

6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

Cover Story The Forgotten Few: Ann Arbor's Homeless, by Michael S. Mcfalls and M. Christopher Molesky

Greek Views Rush Reflections Thinking About the Greek System, by Rebecca Chung 18 19 The Challenge of Rush, by Rona Sheramy Alcohol Awareness Week, by Michael Tripp 20 Health The AIDS Crisis: A Medical Perspective, by Maria Ansari

Arts Movies in Review Fatal Attraction, reviewed by Jennifer Worick Books in Review The Reckoning, by David Halberstam, reviewed

by Daniel Drumm

Essay Women in Science, Part Two, by David Calkins

What's Happening on Campus My Road Trip to Kalamazoo, by Joe Typho

30 31

The Michigan Review 4

November-December 1987 5

From the Editor ..... ...... .. ... .. ..... .. ...... .. ....... ......... .... ..... . .... ....... .... .... .... ..... ... ....... .. .. ..

Serpentls Tooth

It's Debatable In the shimmering, yet struggling metropolis of Houston, Texas, far from the well-worn campaign trails of the Iowa cornfields, the six announced Republican presidential candidates debated for the frrst time this campaign. It was an opportunity for Vice-President George Bush to shed his media-created "wimp" image; for Sen. Robert Dole to stress his hands-on managerial style and legislative success; for Rep. Jack Kemp to propound his "progressive conservatism "; for Pete duPont to convince voters that he is really not George Bush with (new) ideas; for Gen. Alexander Haig to thoroughly explain why he should really take charge; and for Pat Robertson to prove he is a legitimate candidate. Yet, while each candidate made the most of their respective opportunities, the outcome of the debate did not alter the present situation in the Republican race. George Bush clearly "won" the debate. He articulated his own ideas, specifically on education, while remaining a loyal vicepresident. He stressed his impressive resume in order to convince the public that he is clearl y the most experienced candidate in the race. Yet, he did not allow his resume to become his platform. My guess is that Bush's performance will satisfy those who were previously a bit hesitant to support him and will ignite a Bush boom let. Pat Robertson surprised many politicos by his competent performance. He was not the eccentric televangelist of his oppnents' attacks. Rather, he was just another conservative politician trying to become president, an image that Robertson must present in order to be taken seriously. Moreover, Robertson articulated his conservative policies better than Jack Kemp, who is his chief competition for the conservative vote. Jack Kemp came across as just another conservative candidate running for president as well, which, in his case, is not good at all. Kemp is supposed to be the conservative candidate, the rightful heir to Reagan. However, by simply offering ideas already espoused by the Reagan administration,

while offering little of his own (he did not even discuss his own urban enterprise zone legislation), Kemp had difficulty distinguishing himself. Moreover, Kemp's position as the conservatives' candidate is shaky. Robertson is leading Kemp in Iowa and Pete duPont is gaining the support of key conservatives in New Hampshire (including the influential Manchester Union-Leader). Bob Dole solidified his image as a steady, hands-on leader. While the other candidates jabbed at each other, Dole remained -c'aIm. He probably thought he was witnessing a raucous Senate debate and was waiting to step in and forge a compromise. Dole also brought up an idea rarely discussed at Republican debates-the need for the Party to become more compassionate, to help the handicapped and needy. Though this issue may "liberalize" Dole, it is an important political stratagem. Iowa's Republicans are generally liberal and for Dole to receive the nomination, he must obviously win or do very well in that state. Pete duPont and Al Haig, the two "alsocans", fared well. Haig is probably a decade

and a statement removed from becoming a serious contender. Haig's views, particularly those on the economy, tend toward the old Rockefeller wing of the Republican Party, which left the national scene along with the Ford administration. Pete duPont was the only candidate in the debate to actually discuss new ideas. He is an articulate candidate who may surprise in New Hampshire. So ends this cursory look at the Republican candidates' debate. Next month, I will assess in greater detail the candidates' (both Republican and Democrat) strengths and weaknesses as we approach the primaries.

Seth B. Klukoff, a senior in Political Science, is the Editor-in-Chier or the Michigan Review.

On November 1 the Michigan Review played a football game against the Michigan Daily Libels . The Libels scored on their first possession and completed a pass for a two-point conversion. After that neither team managed to score in the defensive struggle and the Libels won 8-0. Observers speculated that the Libels were fired up due to the absence of their coach, Rob Earle Bruce. It was a good, evenly-matched game and the Libels have our congratulations.

....

Those of you who read the Daily (Libels ') account of the game may have thought that the game was a rout. As usual, the Libels' account of the game was inaccurate. They even got the score wrong (unless you assume that one of the clauses of their inclusive language policy is that touchdowns are worth 12 points).

The Michigan Review has decided to enter the Trojan Safer Sex Condom Slogan Contest Campaign (the TSSCSCC): Conservatives Always Support Efforts to Contra AIDS. After all, Liberty Entails Responsibili ty.

....

Sen. Albert Gore (and his wife Tipper) have admitted to using marijuana in college. Must have been the result of the X-rated influence of all those awful rock bands that Tipper crusades against.

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To keep this bi-partisan, we would like to point out that Democrats always deny AIDS to the Contras. It's a start...

....

We fondly recall all those buttons with the name "BORK" with a line through it. We think there would be a great market for buttons with the name ''KENNEDY'' with a line through it.

Pat Robertson claimed that one quarter of all auto workers is on drugs. He must be using Shere Hite's statistical methods.

....

for everyone on your holiday list.

President Reagan's nomination of Judge Douglas Ginsburg reveals a crucial, mightily important fact: Ronnie has a beard fetish.

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November-December 1987 7

The Michigan Review 6

From Suite One ......................................................................................................

Letters .........................................................................................................................

Burned Out

MSA and Morality

Republican Rebuttal

There are many lessons which can be learned from Judge Douglas Ginsburg's recent withdrawl from consideration to be a U.S. Supreme Court justice. First, Judge Ginsburg should have notified members of the Reagan administration that he had used marijuana. Because Ginsburg had used marijuana, this was not itself damaging enough to destroy his chances for confirmation. However, Ginsburg had told certain senators that he had never used drugs. This severely hindered his credibility. The Reagan administration should have also spent more time examining Judge Ginsburg's past before they decided to nominate him. While they may not have discovered Ginsburg's use of marijuana, the administration would have discovered his financial interest in a Canadian cable company. Because Ginsburg's role in the case involving the cable company was not in the interest of the cable company and therefore resolved the allegations of a conflict of interest, the Administration's ignorance of his involvement made it difficult for people to take the nomination seriously. What can be learned from the failed Ginsburg nomination? The next nominee should be judged on criteria relating to his judicial philosophy and its bearing on political questions which are likely to come before the Court. Very little emphasis should be placed on the nominee's background or the volume of his writings. U.S. history is full of examples of Supreme Court nominees who had little experience and sometimes questionable backgrounds, but who made great contributions to constitutional jurisprudence. Hugo Black, a former member of the Ku Klux Klan and a man whose judicial experience was limited to practicing law, went on to become a vehement defender of civil liberties. Moreover, Chief Justice Earl Warren had been in charge of the internment camps for Japanese-Americans during World War Two. How would constitutional law have developed if he had been denied confirmation based on mistakes he had made in his past?

MSA frequently voyages into the realm of morality. Not surprisingly, their excursions are often fraught with problems. MSA's passage of a proposal harshly reprimanding several engineering societies serves as an example. The Review in no way condones the "Road Rally" activities, in which the societies were issued a list requiring them to collect, among other items, pieces of anti-racist posters and some wood from the anti-apartheid shanties. Moreover, MSA was correct to react with consternation to the Road Rally. Yet, in the throes of their indignation, MSA declared the engineering societies and their intentions as racist. If the societies intended to discriminate against blacks, then they should be reprimanded. But did MSA know for sure what the societies' true intentions were? Or, if one judges racist acts by result rather than intent, could not one merely condemn the result without illogically making some ad hominem judgment (about the engineering students'values)? It would be well for MSA to recognize that people do things in full ignorance of every possible implication, and while this should not excuse the responsible party, neither should it be excluded from consideration by those empowered to make public moral statements. In fact, only MSA's behavior is clearly inexcusable. Rather than carefully examing this issue, they quickly issued judgment. Emotionalism took precedence over reason. The engineering societies were proclaimed guilty before any rational deliberation over the issue was allowed to occur. The Review does not advocate denying MSA the ability to take official moral stands. This power, properly used, can influence events and issues to more desirable and just outcomes. In fact, abusing this power does not lead to the perpetuation of bad, immoral policies. It simply leads to the discredit of whoever is asserting the foolishness.

I want to congratulate you on the new format for the Review. The slick new design and expanded content demonstrates that you have definitely broken out of the "alternative publication" rut without sacrificing the quality that has led to your status as one of America's premier college publications. The October issue was a pleasure to read. However, I feel that I must challenge several assertions made in your editorial page comments. In "Where's the Other Side?" you state that partial "blame for the lack of conservative speakers on campus must be placed on the conservative speakers themselves. Despite the importance of Michigan in the Republican presidential process, none of the Republican candidates have been here since late 1985." In fact, Congressman Jack Kemp spoke to a standing room only audience in April 1986. He received four standing ovations for the conservative views he espoused, and there were no protests like those faced by Alexander Haig, George Bush, and others. As for the reasons other candidates have stayed away, I will suggest that is because they are attempting to get "the most bang for the buck." With a fixed delegate universe of 9,033, it is wiser to target population centers with large numbers of delegates. Jack Kemp was on campus when it counted-during the crucial delegate recruitment stage of our complex and drawn-out selection process in Michigan. In another section of this editorial, you seem appalled that William F. Buckley would charge a "staggering $15,000 for a speech," arguing that he and others "seem intent upon proving the myth that all conservatives really do care about is money." You fail to mention that the entire amount he receives is donated to the National Review, the godfather of conservative publications, to help cover its operating costs. In "United We Stand ... " you state, "Competition over ideas is

healthy ... however, when this competition leaves the realm of rational debate ... the parties lose." It is true that there has been a great deal of discord and name-calling, but I think you draw the wrong conclusion. The party has not lost, it has gained. There are now over 9,000 precinct delegates actively participating in a system which previously was lucky to attract 4,000. The presidential process in Michigan will be over in January 1988-a full ten months before the general election, seven months before the Republican National Convention. This means that Michigan Republicans will have a full seven uninterrupted months of campaigning against Sen. Riegle. There will be a healthy and vigorous contest for precinct delegates next year as the George Bush wing of the party attempts to regain control of a system they designed to give the vice-president an early boost in 1988. The party has not lost. The competition for ideas is healthy, and it has always been present in Michigan and elsewhere. The party has undergone similar changes throughout the country. Now it is Michigan's tum. The conservatives have the upper hand in a party once dominated by the liberal Milliken establishment. The only way for the party to lose is if the moderate wing decides to "pick up its toys and go home." With the spunk it has demonstrated the past several months, I doubt that will happen.

leffEvans

But Our Glossy

First

Issue

Wasn't

In your first issue of the academic year (new look, glossy cover, "new image"), you declared that the Review will no longer be a "conservative" tabloid, but will aim to be mode moderate. Might I remind you of the content of the October 1987 issue of yer mag? From the Editor: An essay about how conservative college magazines should clean up their image (I assume your own is the model), and thus the college conservative movement. Serpent's Tooth: Attacks on "six dwarfs" and MSA's ''Earthfest''. A large ad for a book called "Shattering the Myths of Marxism". An editorial calling for more right wing campus guest speakers. An editorial on how the Republican Party should clean up its image (maybe give some money to your magazine, huh guys?) and thereby win the '88 election. Steve Angelotti's vicious attack on PIRGIM. Well, Review editors, it seems you've shown your true colors at last-and only a month too late. And I thought elephants never forget! P.S. - Keep up the thoughtful column on Women's Issues, Rebecca. How about the abortion legislation drive? P.P.S. - You know, that article on Mayor Jernigan was really dreadful. If he spoke to the Review, then where are the quotes? Who asked questions? Where are answers? Get on the ball, guys. Without quotes, this is an editorial or a summary at best. And finally, GET A BETTER FOOTBALL TEAM! I hope Mr. Klukoff took a nice bath to wash all that mud off. Beth Fertig Beth Fertig is coArts Editor of the Michigan Daily.

November-December 1987 9

The Michigan Review 8

Review Forum .........................................................................................................

Student Leader Profile.........................................................................................

Support Rent Stabilization

Drum Major Andy Purvis by Vicky S. Frodel

By Anna Rockhill and Michael Appel The case for rent stabilization rests on an understanding of the dynamics of the rental housing market-rather than on a simplistic model which only considers supply and demand-and on a belief that a community must act to protect tenants when social conditions and the market allow landlords to reap windfall profits at tenants' expense. In Ann Arbor, the housing market is dominated by the increased affluence of the city and a large number of student renters. The frrst factor allows landlords to raise rents as some members of our community increase their incomes at a rapid rate. The student factor permits landlords to increase rents because of students' need to live near campus and overcrowded conditions. Why is supply and demand not an adequate model for the housing market? First, because housing involves supply and need. For other commodities, those who can not afford to pay simply do without. When we apply this supply and demand logic to housing, we force people whose income is not high enough to either double or triple up, take second jobs, or move out of the community. Doing without is not an option. Just as important is the fact that the necessary conditions for supply and demand to operate effectively do not exist The most important factors in the rental housing market do not involve the landlord-tenant (supply-demand) relationship, but reflect federal monetary and tax policy (Appelbaum and Gilderbloom, 1986). Interest rates and tax incentives (breaks?) determine the extent of landlord cost and landlord profit much more than local markets. Opponents argue that rent stabilization will reduce the supply and quality of the housing stock by reducing landlords' profits. However, provisions of the Ann Arbor ordinance and empirical evidence from other communities challenge these predictions. The Ann Arbor ordinance has a number of provisions to prevent the deterioration of existing housing. It maintains current lev-

els of profit under which the landlord has, major effect of rent regulations is to bring presumably, included the cost of upkeep rent increases in highly inflationary marand allows rents to go up in the future with kets, such as Ann Arbor, in line with nathe cost increases of necessary repairs. No tional averages with no damaging side efrent increase will be allowed unless the fects to housing conditions, the local tax rental unit is in compliance with state and base, or the amount of new construction. local housing codes. Finally, any reduction Continued rent increases will chase more in service to the tenant is cause for a reduclow- and moderate-income people from tion in rent. Ann Arbor and make it increasingly diffiCritics also claim that rent regulations cult for lower-income students to attend the inhibit new construction and prevent supUniversity. The Ann Arbor ordinance has ply frorn.meeting demand. The ordinance been carefully drafted, using as models allows the initial rent in newly available successful laws from the more than 200 units to be set by the market. After this rent-regulated communities, to balance the initial fair profit has been established, furrights of tenants to affordable housing with ther rent increases are regulated by the the rights of landlords to a fair profit. ordinance. Each of these criticisms has also been Anna Rockhill is a graduate student in demonstrated to be unfounded in studies of Public Policy and a member of Students communities with rent regulations. A confor Fair Rent. Michael Appel is a memtinuing study of the effects of rent control, ber of Ann Arbor Citizens for Fair Rent. last updated in 1987, which includes 125 controlled and noncontrolled cities, found that" ... the presence of strong rent control is unrelated to the number of new rental units created and the overall quality of the housing stock" (Gilderbloom, 1987). Similar conclusions have been reached in studies of rent-regulated communities in California, New Jersey, New York, and Massa- ~~~:;;;~~~~ chusetts. Those studies which purport to show the detrimental effects of rent regulations typically are subject to a variety of criticisms, included 1) a reliance on unverified data provided by landlords, 2) small and unrepresentative samples, 3) failure to compare controlled and noncontrolled cities, 4) ignoring other influences such as economic conditions and policies, 5) outright falsification, and 6) failure to distinguish between different types of regulations. In short, studies refute the "common sense" supply and demand analyses used to criticize rent stabilization. Exorbitant rent increases in Ann Arbor are the product of a long-term shortage of rental units, expensive new construction, and speculation in rental property. The

It's unmistakably a football Saturday at the University of Michigan. Michigan Stadium is crowd-capacity full and the spectators await the clash of the teams. Before the battle, the Michigan Marching Band is asked by announcer Carl Grapentine to "take the field" and provide us with pregame entertainment. As soon as the band is in formation, the crowd is introduced to 25year-old drum major Andy Purvis. Dressed in crisp white, with baton in hand, Purvis strides onto the football field with confidence. In addition to his duties as the Band's field commander, Purvis is perhaps best known for his outstanding showmanship. His routine includes baton tosses and a standing backbend that leaves the crowd cheering heartily. "I give a 'ta-da' entrance and say, 'here I am, crowd, ..' says Purvis. In his seventh year with the Marching Band (he played tenor saxophone) and third year as drum major, Purvis continues to approach his role with enthusiasm, dedication, and professionalism. "I realize [that] I'm wearing a white uniform and very visible. People [in the crowd] would notice if I made a mistake," he says. Purvis' busy schedule includes completing his graduate studies in materials science engineering and assisting Band Director Eric Becher during daily practices. Purvis is responsible for helping with the formation directing of the band. He has also designed a personal training program, which helps keep him in shape. "I do have to stay in shape just like an athlete. [My performance] is not just a show," Purvis says. Purvis had to prepare just as adequately to become the drum major of the Michigan Marching Band. In his hometown of Freeland, Michigan, Purvis was a member of the Freeland High School band for four years-playing instruments for three years and serving as drum major for one year. "I can do a lot of different things [but]

I've concentrated on what I do well, which is [being in the] band." Purvis is used to receiving an occasional comment from friends or fellow band members on his performance. He didn't expect someone to walk up to him, as a woman did one day, and wish him good luck at the games. " [This] surprises me. I didn't think I was that noticeable," he says. Last year, Purvis was probably not recognized as the Band's drum major. Instead, he watched a friend of his out on the field wearing the drum major's uniform. "It was tearjerking to see him out there," says Purvis. The reason for the one-year absence was that he was advised "not to march during my fIrst year [of graduate school]." This summer, Purvis decided he wanted to be drum major once again and tried out for the position, competing against one

other person. The decision to try out again was an unexpected one for Purvis. "I didn't plan on coming back this year," he says. "I guess I didn't get it all out of my system." Purvis admitted that this will be his final year as drum major. He plans to begin his doctoral work after receiving his master's degree this December. "I have to change gears now," he says with a bright smile and wide blue eyes. Purvis will be missed when he relinquishes his position this year. "He's a leader and a good guy to have on the staff," says Becher.

Vicky S. Frodel is a Communications major, specializing in advertising and journalism, and a staff writer for the

Michigan Review.

November-December 1987 11

The Michigan Review 10

CAMPUS AFFAIRS: EXCELLENCE IN TEACHING............................. .

Campus Affairs: Excellence in Teaching .................................... .

Professors Harold Jacobson and Nancy Cantor are Among the Recipients of Excellence in Teaching Awards.

Nancy Cantor

Harold Jacobson b~

Daniel Drumm

Political Science Professor Harold Jacobson, who is affectionately known as "J ake" by his colleagues, was recently honored with the Amoco Good Teaching Award. Traditionally, the award is presented to professors who communicate strongly with the undergraduate, who give the student more than factual knowledge about a subject. These chosen few are rewarded for inspiring a genuine interest and understanding among the undergraduate audience. At the University of Michigan, this is no small accomplishment. Lecture halls often contain hundreds of students, and discussion sections can average around 30. Professor Jacobson stressed that the undergraduate years are a time when students should sharpen their critical thinking skills. Moreover, students encounter new ideas and viewpoints, which can be radically different from their entrenched ideals. During his undergraduate years at Michigan, where he received a degree in history, Jacobson served as chairman for a council that negotiated between the administration and the Greek system. These two groups discussed such issues as the rights of blacks and Jews to join fraternities. Students we.:e also calling for an end to anti-Semitism on campus. Professor Jacobson is pleased that during his time as chairman his council made crucial advances in gaining rights for minority groups at the University. Racial distinctions still exist in the Greek system, however, and Professor Jacobson hopes that as people become more aware of how cultural relations operate on a world scale, this will help curb acts of campus racism. Professor Jacobson believes that the political science department provides a solid liberal arts education. Through its courses,

students learn how to organize thoughts and opinions and put them into a cohesive argument. He suggests that people considering concentrating in the department also take English classes, in which students can learn how to communicate effectively with the written word. He also suggests that a class in statistics might be beneficial, because much of the research in political science involves the interpretation of quantitative data. Jacobson notes that Michigan's political science department is consistently listed as one of the best in the

nation. Professor Jacobson specializes in world politics, one of the four branches of the political science program. In addition, he studies international political economy, international security, and international organizations. Daniel Drumm is a sophomore in Political Science and Com munications and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

by Paddle O'Halioran For her pioneering work in personality and cognition research and her dedicated teaching, psychology Professor Nancy Cantor was nominated by her peers to receive the Faculty Recognition Award. According 1;0 an article in American Psychologist, April 1986, through "growing up in Manhattan's Upper West Side with weekly trips to grandparents in Brooklyn, [Nancy] Cantor developed quite young a love for people-watching". Despite this early interest and her inevitable exposure to the field of psychology (her mother was a psychologist) Cantor did not intend to follow in her mother's footsteps when she entered Sarah Lawrence College in 1970. Nonetheless, her latent interest in psychology developed at Sarah Lawrence and, after her graduation with an A. B. in 1974, she began graduate studies in psychology at Stanford University. There she explored time perception, personality, cognitive processes, hypothesis testing and self-monitoring.

In 1978, she joined the faculty of Princeton University as Assistant Professor. She became Associate Professor in 1981 and was a Visiting Sloan Scholar at the University of Michigan in 1981-1982. She began her tenure at Michigan in 1983. Cantor has taught Introduction to Personality and Advanced Personality courses to undergraduates and a Personality and Cognition course to graduate students. With the latter group and their predecessors, she has been conducting a study on the transition of high school students to college life, incorporating a technique relatively new to the world of psychological inquiry-random beeping of a subset of the study group and asking the individuals to describe their feelings and perceptions of the moment. Cantor's colleagues and students praise her as a hard-working, interesting and excellent teacher. [Cantor] is "enthusiastic about her work and expects a lot from her students but is available to them and is good at

motivating and focusing them," says second-year graduate student Sabrina Zirkel Chris Langston, who is a teaching assistant for one of Cantor's undergaduate courses, adds several personal observations. "She's quite driven even though she has already achieved tenure." "She is a defensive pessimist-one who believes that when the going gets tough, it is going to get even worse." Cantor believes that a good 'teacher combines genuine enthusiasm with being current in one's field. Students have attested to her fulftllment of the first qualification. As to the latter, Cantor has co-authored, with John Kihlstrorn, the recently published (1987) book Personality and Social Intelligence. which includes the authors' own angle on understanding personality. In addition to their 1987 book, which Cantor's nominators believe is destined to "become a classic in the field," Cantor and Kihlstrom co-authored Personality. Cognition and Social Interaction in 1981 and Cantor, independently or with others, has written chapters in 15 books and contributed nearly 30 articles to professional journals. Fortunately, Nancy Cantor's hectic schedule of teaching, research, writing and attending conferences does generally allow her to spend evenings and weekends at horne with her husband Steve and their two-and-a-half year-old daughter Maddy. She hopes that students "see faculty as real human beings with families and academic goals themselves". Her favorite students are those who "take [their studies] seriously, consider new ideas, challenge their minds and think about what they are doing". Paddie O'Halloran is a junior in Anthropology-Zoology and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

November-December 1987 13

The Michigan Review 12

The Bells are Ringing

The

UM's New Carillonneur Margo Halsted Brings Energy and Experience to the Bell Tower Program by Stephen George Most students have never heard of the Medieval and Renaissance Collegium, known as MARC. Even the University operator did not know of this department's existence. MARC has become lost in the sea of concentrations and majors offered by the University. MARC may be the smallest department at the University. With only 13 concentrators, up from three last year, it is surprising that the department has survived at all. But after talking with the department director, Professor Guy Mermier, and his assistant Christy Summerfield, it becomes very clear that this department has too much tO'offer to simply close its doors. MARC was organized in the early 1970s and began to offer classes in 1975, when it received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The goal of the MARC organizers was to break down departmental barriers and give a multifaceted view of the medieval and Renaissance periods by "drawing upon the competence of the University faculty." This goal has been achieved. A student can now come to the department with a specific topic for study and be presented with a program that is specifically designed to make use of the University's resources. For example, a musician might be interested in medieval music. Mermier says, "I would start at the College of Music, calling up [the College's medieval music specialist]. I would ask him what other courses he would recommend. Suppose he said a course in history. Then, I would call up the professor responsible for, say, the medieval period. He might recommend a course in medieval culture. And so on." In addition, MARC has several interdepartmental prerequisites, including Latin and another foreign language, as well as the recent addition of four "core" courses: two courses on the Middle Ages (one on the early, or Low Middle Ages, and another on the High Middle Ages) as well as two devoted to the Renaissance. Another element of the department's unique course of study is field work. Christy Summerfield ~ points out that at least 50 percent of all MARC majors study in Europe for one term. ''When you're ~ in Europe, you get a sense of the 'oldness' of it all."

~:Âť

Professor Mermier also discussed the role of the field trip. Each year he tries to take students to the Newberry Library in Chicago, where they can study actual manuscripts and relics of the era. The department also sponsors a six week summer session in Novacella, Italy. Students live and study in a 12th-century monastery. MARC students mu"t complete additional coursework, usually pertaining to their fields of interest. This work usually consists of an extra paper that is read and graded by both the course professor and Mermier. MARC students are also required to complete a "substantial research paper" ranging from 35-50 pages in length. The undergraduates who write these papers have presented them at national conferences, along with graduate students and professors. What does one do with a MARC degree? Well, there is no graduate program in MARC, so many students go on to study in more specified fields. Mermier said that most enter graduate school, but that the possibilities are endless. The department currently has graduates studying medicine and museum science. Mermier adds that a MARC degree is also ideal for law school or even economics, because of the historical perspective that the student has developed. MARC's biggest frustration is its lack of visibility on campus. Since the department lost its NEH grant, it has been difficult to keep up promotion. "Every time I want to do a flyer," Mermier says, "I have to go to the dean and beg for it. If I ask for 2000, they might eventually give me 650." Other problems that MARC encounters are in advertising. They have run ads in both the Daily and the Resource Guide, but these have proved ineffective in raising interest. "[Directing MARC] is the most frustrating, rewarding job," says Merrnier. He must balance the uncompromising quality of the department with its financial difficulties. So far, he has been successful. MARC has maintained its vision of academic variety and flexibility and continues to move forward with one foot firmly in the past. Stephen George is a junior in Chemical Engineering. and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

by Daniel J. Yoder It is 12 noon. The sun is bright, the air brisk. You are walking across the Diag, possibly between classes, thinking about things to do, your mind wandering about dusty passages, illuminated here and there by rays of sunlight that filter in through your squinting eyes. Suddenly, everything is saturated with music; regal, booming music that sweeps across the tree tops like great birds of flight, that hangs in the air like soft pale moonlight You listen, far removed from the place you were only seconds ago, if only for a moment It is a bold moment. Margo Halsted, the University of Michigan's new carillonneur, loves her work and approaches her job with energy

and enthusiasm. With a repertoire including just about everything from Bach to the Beatles, she plans to bring back the prestige and reputation that the world's third largest carillon (by weight) ought to have. "I really admire the work of Percival Price (Michigan's carillonneur until 1972). I want to restore the reputation he created here. I want to get more music written for the carillon, get the dance people involved, possibly have concerts from up here with a brass and percussion ensemble playing with the carillon. I want to make this the carillon center of the nation." If credentials are any indication, she should succeed. Chosen in a nationwide search last spring, Halsted has masters

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degrees in music (from the University of California at Riverside) and education (from Stanford), is a graduate of the Dutch Carillon School and is a professor of campanology (the study of bells). She has played this unique instrument for 22 years. A determined student, she had to overcome the obstacles of both a reluctant teacher and a lack of practice facilities at Stanford in order to achieve her level of mastery. This meant that she had to play "live" while she was learning. "I imagine that I was pretty hard on people's ears at times." She employs this same philosophy with her own students: they are not allowed to stop playing, no matter what. "I make them keep playing right through their mistakes. If they can do that, people don't usually notice anything. If they stop, it's obvious." It is well worth the trip to the 10th floor of the Burton Memorial Bell Tower (for the short-winded, please note that an elevator will take you up eight stories), where the trim, dark-haired Halsted graciously treats visitors to a quick tour of the 51-year-old carillon (including the 12-ton "bourdon", the biggest of the Tower's 55 bells), as well as a sampling of her own skills with the carillon's batons and pedals, which she manipulates without any help from hydraulic or pneumatic engineering. "It's refreshing to play and also very good excercise, probably something like karate." These days she can be heard playing regularly between noon and 12:30 p.m. weekdays, before concerts at Hill Auditorium, or before football games. She encourages visitors during her weekday noon concerts. "I'd love to see a crowd up here enjoying the music and the scenery."

DanielJ. Yoder is a junior in Computer Science and a staff writer for the MichiganReview.

The Michigan Review 14

They are seen on the Diag rummaging through garbage cans or wandering aimlessly along the sidewalks at all hours of the day. They are seen lounging under trees, drinking and muttering to themselves .. . They are the forgotten few .. . They are Ann Arbor's Homeless.

November-December 1987 15

Cover Story by Michael S. McFalls and M. Christopher Molesky They are seen on the Diag rummaging through garbage cans or wandering aimlessly along the sidewalks at all hours of the day and night. They are seen lounging under trees, drinking and muttering to themselves, seemingly oblivious to the world around them. They are the forgotten few who, for a myriad of reasons, have lost out in the social struggle and have ended up on the streets-they are Ann Arbor's homeless. Though the homeless are quite visible, very few people know even the most basic details about them. Who are they? Where are they from? Where do they sleep? Do they enjoy being homeless? Not surprisingly, the answers are varied and often complicated, reflecting the fact that homelessness itself is not a simple issue. Moreover, while it is easy to gather statistics about homelessness from books and government reports, one can also discuss the problem with psychologists, social workers, and sociologists in order to secure accurate information about many aspects of the subject. But, invariably, the opinions that have been most ignored are those of the homeless themselves. What do they feel about their plight? How do they feel their needs could be better served? And what specifically are their needs? Homelessness can be attributed to many factors-high unemployment, cuts in federal assistance programs, shortages of housing, and high rents. Sudden dips in the economy force many into situations of temporary homelessness, while more serious downturns lead many toward a permanent life without shelter. But beyond the economic reasons, it has been estimated that of the 2.5 million homeless in America, anywhere from 25 percent to 91 percent suffer from some form of mental illness. In Michigan, 25 percent of the homeless treated in Detroit area shelters were found to have been previously hospitalized for mental reasons, while in Ohio the figure is close to 30 percent. This surprisingly high incidence of mental illness plays a crucial role in the separation of the permanently homeless from those who suffer only shortterm periods on the streets and greatly compounds the problem of effective rehabilita-

tion. Donna McGaughy, 21, is a petite, serious faced yOWlg woman with long, straight blond hair. She is seven months pregnant and lives with her unemployed husband William in the emergency shelter. Unsure of how they will manage when the baby arrives, she can only pray that her husband will secure a job very soon. "I was a runaway. I was 16 when I ran away from my family in Detroit. I already have two kids. My ten-month -old son lives in foster care. He has the mind of a one-month-old baby. He is a drug baby. I also have a three year old daughter who lives with my sister. I've lived at the shelter since June...

The homeless are a unique social phenomenon, as they have fallen through the cracks of society, unable to receive the assistance they so urgently need. Released from institutions or laid off from their jobs, most lack the education, self- confidence, or the minimal social skills to begin rearranging their lives through the acquisition of ajob and adequate housing. Many do not know where to fmdjobs-or, if they do, feel intimidated by the application forms or interview. The lack of proper clothing and shower facilities and the resulting embarrassment actually prevents many from confronting prospective employers. Also, some are ignorant of the numerous social programs and benefits that they are entitled to, spending years of misery sleeping under bridges or in doorways when they could have been receiving enough money and shelter to lead a decent life. This lack of knowledge of an increasingly complicated bureaucratic structure is at the very core of this problem. Because many do not have the physical or mental skills with which to address harsh external realities, they remain on the streets amidst a world over which they have little effective control. This profIle of the homeless, their destitution and mental illness, contradicts many prevailing myths about them-that they are lazy and actually enjoy living a carefree life devoid of responsibility. The simple fact is that the overwhelming majority of the homeless are not satisfied with theircondition. Some are ashamed of their situation and are eager to get back on their feet, others feel depressed, rejected, and un-

loved, anxiousl y awaiting a chance to break the monotony and pain of their lives. Though many place the blame for their predicament squarely on society, while others accuse themselves, most believe that their condition is unhealthy and hope for the day that it will be redressed. After spending three years at the University of Kansas, where he played football behind John Riggins, L. Ives Linderman found work in a factory, and became an alcoholic. Ever since, he has lived in mental institutions or has wandered around the country. "I lived in Angell Hall before I got my apartmenL Before that I lived in Florida and DetroiL I came to Ann Arbor because I heard it was a liberal town, but I think that the police are worse in the North than in the South. In Florida you get only one day in jail for trespassing, four hours and they let you out. Here (Ann Arbor), you can get 30-60 days. After I get up in the morning I walk down to Olga's and get coffee. After that, I just walk around. Ever since I came from the mental hospitals, I've lost all confidence in my-

self."

In Ann Arbor, the problem of homelessness is, for a variety of reasons, increasing at a much higher rate than in other parts of the state. Firstly, Ann Arbor is a strikingly attractive city that has many parks, buildings, and safe streets for the homeless to live in. Also, the large concentration of population, coupled with the great amount of restaurants and stores, creates more opportunities to find food or cans in the trash. Exacerbating the situation is the relative scarcity of housing, which, when available, carries an exorbitant rent, forcing many lower-income residents out on the streets for sustained periods of time. This high concentration of homelessness (estimated at between 200 and 1000 people) in so visible an area creates a Continued on next page

Michael S. McFalls and M. Christopher Molesky are sophomores in the Residential College and starr writers for the Michigan Review.

November-December 1987 17

The Michigan Review] 6

Homeless

Continued from previous page

numberofproblems. Many merchants and residents do not like to see the homeless in their affluent community, viewing them as an "eyesore." City police and campus security, though in many instances tolerant of their presence, at times harrass and even arrest individuals for trespassing, forcing some to serve lengthy jail terms. While nearly everyone agrees that homelessness is a serious problem that should be addressed, many disagree on the methods of attacking the problem. But what is being done presently in the city to ameliorate the situation? Who is helping the homeless? On September 10, 1987, the Great Lakes National Bank abruptly closed down the Ann Arbor Day Shelter for the Homeless, leaving Ann Arbor's homeless without any sort of shelter during the day for the impending winter months. An emergency night shelter, located on 420 W. Huron, remains open every day from 7:30 p.m. to 8:30 a.m., but many people, homeless and students alike, were alarmed by the expedient action to close the day shelter. Paul Carmouche, a student at the University, and lohn-Michael Jones, a homeless native of Ann Arbor, co-founded the Homeless Action Committee (H.A.C.), which is designed to serve and protect the interests of Ann Arbor's homeless. The H.A.C. has placed fIrst on its agenda the issue of the immediate establishment of another day shelter. Great Lakes National Bank, which held the lease for the shelter, has decided to terminate its lease with the City of Ann Arbor, demolish the shelter, and replace it with a parking lot. The H.A.C., realizing the futility of bringing grievances against the bank, has instead decided to pressure the Ann Arbor City Council into fInding another available building for the day shelter. Appearing before the City Council several times, the H.A.C. has achieved marginal success by pressuring Mayor Jernigan into appointing a City task force, consisting of one City Council member, one member of the Ann Arbor Shelter Association, and several members of the H.A.C. Another problem exists in the traditional contractual process between the City and the people from whom they receive the lease for the shelter: the contractual agreement can be broken at the whim of the

building's owner. The H.A.C. has discussed the more stable, though unlikely, possibility of having the City actually own the building used as the day shelter facility. Funds, according to the H.A.C., are not the problem. City, county, and state sources, readily available, are directed to the Ann Arbor Shelter Association, a private, nonprofIt organization, and are used for the various services that the shelter provides to the homeless. The immediate problem is attaining a lease for the temporary day shelter, a problem that seems none too easy to solve due to the lethargic pace of city politics. The H.A.C. presented four demands at an Ann Arbor City Council meeting on October 26th. First, they requested "the immediate opening of a day shelter for the homeless, to serve until a permanent facility is provided." The H.A.C. would also like "the recognition of a union to be formed by Ann Arbor's homeless, and power to over-

see the operations of the Ann Arbor S hel ter Association and other bodies and to mandate changes." A third demand involves a far-sighted plan that is the brainchild of H.A.C. co-founder John-Michael Jones: "$150,000 for the development of a human restoration center, controlled by the Homeless Action Committee or the aforementioned homeless union. The human restoration center will be a centralized and stationary facility providing a comprehensive program to treat the mental, physical, and emotional damage caused by homelessness." A fourth demand involves the University of Michigan itself: "implementation and enforcement of policies putting an end to the selective use of trespass laws by local businesses and the University of Michigan to discriminate against homeless people." Continued on next page

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Hank Wilson, who is approximately 30, claims he was recently swindled out of his life savings by his landlord and has been forced to live at the shelter. Because he does have a job at the hospital, he believes that it is only a matter of time before he secures a place of his own. "Housing costs $400 per month. Housing is very expensive-unreasonable. In the low-income price range it's difficult to fmd housing. I'm at the shelter until I can make enough money to get a real place.at

The door opens abruptly at 7:30 p.m., allowing Ann Arbor's homeless, permanent and transient, white and black, male and female, drunk and sober, employed and unemployed, to shuffle through the doors of immediate security from the petrifying climate outside. The climate includes not only the weather, but also an affluent, collegiate, professional community that is a prestigious funnel into a country that breeds and lives for success and abundant wealth. Wealth and prosperity are not unworthy goals, but in a community with such a high standard of living, it becomes distressingly apparent upon entering the

night shelterthatmany of these people have fallen through the cracks of our society into a socioeconomic and emotional abyss. The night shelter itself resembles a large, two-story student house. On the fIrst floor, there is a laundry room, a bathroom, staff offices, and a recreational room . On the second floor there are two large rooms designated as sleeping quarters, one for men, the other for women. The room for men contains 60 beds, and the room for women contains fewer because of less demand. The doors shut at 8:30 p.m., and beds are then assigned. An outsider will quickly recognize a few familiar faces from the streets of Ann Arbor, but most of the others do not maintain such a high level of public visibility. According to Cathy Zic, director of the Ann Arbor Shelter Association, up to 50 percent of the homeless at the night shelter on any given night may be drug- and/or alcohol- dependent. The median age hovers around 30, but the actual range is from 18 to 93. Of 204 people surveyed at the night shelter, 62 had admitted mental health problems, 35 had substance abuse problems, 104 were from Ann Arbor, 78

were from the surrounding area, and 22 were from outside Michigan. The night shelter also has social workers, called "advocates," who help and advise some of the homeless. St Andrew's Episcopal Church, located at 306 N. Division, has been a particularly helpful center for homeless persons. The Church serves an adequate, nutritional breakfast consisting of cereal, milk, juice, soft drinks, bagels, and meat sandwiches. This program is run by a rotating staff comprised of congregation members. Breakfast is an integral part of the day for the homeless. They eat and socialize in a way that reminds the observer of a family. And, as is often at a family meal, their stories unfold as their hearts and minds escape their loneliness. The problems created by homelessness are daunting. The sheer size of the epidemic, compounded by the complexity and uniqueness of each individual case, makes the day when a solution can be found seem distant. Yet, we cannot shrink from our moral responsibility-steps must be taken to improve this blighted reality faced by so many. At the very minimum Ann Arbor must make good on its promise to provide an adequate day shelter so that the homeless at least have security during the frigid months ahead In a sense, the problem of the homeless in Ann Arbor is one that involves the entire community. It is an issue that transcends all ideological barriers, and it should not receive more or less attention from either conservatives or liberals. Special thanks to Ms. Cathy Zic, John-Michael Jones, and the Homeless Action Committee, but most of all to the homeless of Ann Arbor, who so graciously and readily shared their thoughts and feelings about such a trying aspect of their lives.

November-December 1987 19

The Michigan Review 18

Greek Views Greek Views

Thinking About the Greek System

The Challenge of Rush

by Rebecca M. Chung

by Rona Sheramy

Why be Greek? The "be" is important; one never hears a member of the Greek system introduce himself as "a member of such-and-such." It's always "I'm a suchand-such." This may be more verbal shorthand than anything, but "I'm a such-andsuch member" also works, and in addition parallels what almost everyone says about an organization they belong to: ''I'm a band member," or, at most, "I'm editor of the Review." By implication then, being Greek is a part of oneself the way being an editor, teacher or most notably a brother or sister is a part of oneself. The committment to being Greek is so serious that many would-bes put themselves through timeconsuming if not outrageous initiation rituals to do it: panty raids, sticking one's genitals in peanut butter, nudity en masse through the Union or a dorm, the occasional death from freezing or inebriation. One assumes that the more humiliating and dangerous procedures are the exception rather than the rule, but a pledge has no way of knowing what he or she can expect once the rites begin. Now, commitments are generally considered good things, as they encourage an entire body of virtues: loyalty, patience, selflessness. But the merit of a committment depends highly on what one commits oneself to; Hitler's army, however loyal, will never be virtuous. Similarly (but not too similarly), one must consider the merit of becoming Greek as opposed to being a mere student who does things. Overall, one appears to commit oneself to superficiality. This is perhaps a tiresome accusation by now, but it merits further consideration anyway. Superficiality not only refers to the cursory rush proceedings that frustrate both pledge and member, the mandatory social whirl (Greeks have to pay fines if they miss too many parties), the

Rush Reflections

showy charitable events where the participants are only required to work with each other, (happily, the Black Greek system avoids this charge) and the importance of being pinned. There are also the superficialities of "being a such-and-such" and therefore subject to the same kind of stereotypical judgments Greeks object to when being judged by their non-Greek peers. The prestige of being a Chi 0, names like "Kappa Kappa Glamour", or more regretfully, appellations like "All Go Down" or even speaking of a whole house as if only undesirables lived there--all of these things, however harmlessly meant, however tacitly understood to be in jest, are not only superficial but painful judgments, not to mention misleading. They lead to other superficial judgments: that females the same age as the men of Kappa Sigma are nonetheless girls, that one can judge people by reputation rather than character before having the opportunity to meet them. No one needs that warped social structure reinforced in them for another four yearsespecially if it didn't bother them the first time around. Now some people could very eloquently argue that my tacit assumption-that there are real selves that should at all times prevail over the superficial ones-is silly. People are as nice as they make themselves, and no matter how special a real self is, it won't make up for rudeness or a lackluster resume. After all, one assumes that all selves are equally special, which means that one only deserves social favor when one gives back to society in the form of considerate behavior and tangible contributions. In sum, the Greek social system, with its emphasis on form, obligation, and propriety, is more representative of both the real and the ideal world than those enclaves of students bound by political or intellectual ties. Furthermore, Greek friendships are not vulnerable to the dan-

Rush Reflections

gerous elitism of intellectual self-righteousness. It's a terrific argument, but I don't expect Greeks are thinking that. They're thinking that I'm taking this all too seriously. Greek life is about being with people who are like you and making lifelong ties and having fun while doing some good too and sure no one likes everybody and it isn't perfect but what's the harm we're not idiots and we're not monsters either. My only point is that we're all individuals (pace Monty Python). All of us want to be seen as we see ourselves. All of us judge others based on their actions and motives, searching for reliable selves despite the futilities involved. Finally, all of us hate to be misunderstood, especially when it makes us look bad. The Greek and non-Greek worlds clash, and good people feel misunderstood because of it. Much of this campus feels that the Greek system only perpetuates misunderstandings like these, and therefore it's asking a lot to consider the group responsible for them as good individuals despite their chosen affiliation. It is only fair to keep trying, but the question remainswhy make things so difficult?

Rebecca M. Chung is a senior in English and an Executive Editor of the Michigan Review.

Responses? Suggestions? Comments? Contributions? Write or call the Michigan Review.

This is your section!

Rush Reflections

For many beginning freshmen and returning sophomores, fall at the University of Michigan symbolizes not only a new academic year, but a new extracurricular and social season. Along with the frenzy of getting settled in a new home and reacquainting oneself with academic pursuits, autumn term also ushers in the season of Greek rush-the "quest" for sisterhood or brotherhood. Although the pressure of this selection process appears to weigh most heavily on those in search of a house, apprehensive feelings are aroused, as well, within the walls of the sororities and fraternities. Just as the rushee seeks a house in which he/she will feel most comfortable, so too does each house desire a member who will contribute to the fraternity's/sorority's sense of unity and home. Although not very apparent at times, the person opening the door from inside the Greek house is often as fearful of rejection as the person entering. I recall standing outside my first house as a rushee, being rather overwhelmed at the sight of about 75 girls singing and bouncing out of their house's front door. My first thoughts were to flee before being noticed, but, fortunately, I remained with my rush group and journeyed into the realm of Mixers. Having now experienced such parties from both sides, I can attest to the mutual feeling of being "rushed" (in the hurried sense of the word) in trying to reveal my true personality in as short a time as possible. As a rushee, I often felt I was being passed off when introduced to about ten different sorority sisters in a matter of minutes. As a member of a house, though, I too feel frustration at not having the time to speak longer with girls whom I really

Rush Reflections

find very friendly and interesting. The motives behind such hasty introductions and conversations are truly more noble than they appear. The intention of each set is to have rushees meet as many house members as possible, so both parties involved will be able to judge if they feel comfortable and "at home" with each other. When a

for evaluating rushees on a superficial basis, so too have rushees been guilty of judging a house simply from a popular stereotype. Aside from the relatively unavoidable problems mentioned above, the rush process can also be a vehicle for integrating freshmen into the University atmosphere. Regardless of

rushee is introduced to many people in a house, it is simply because people want to meet her and give her a better sense of the sorority's personality. "A process of mutual selection" is the most diplomatic phrase to describe the rush process. Granted, such diplomacy is of little comfort to the young woman who did not receive a bid, nor to the fraternity whose favorite rushee decided to pledge another house. Considering the given risks and vulnerabilities assumed on both sides of the procedure, though, one cannot deny the shared mood of curiosity and selectivity. Just as the sorority member may question the rushee about her interests in the Greek system, so too may the same rushee ask about a certain house's social calendar. By the same token, just as people may criticize the Greek SySteh

the house he/she chooses to join (or not join), the rushee is exposed to a wide variety of personalities and lifestyles. Each fraternity and sorority possesses a unique character, a meshing of its members' traits. It is most important io remember that behind such a common house personality lies a multitude of individual personalities, each contributing in some way to the whole. The challenge of rush is to discover such particulars in what appears to be an atmosphere of homogeneity; to seek out common interests and values within a sea of new faces and surroundings.

Rush Reflections

Rona Sheramy is a sophomore in the Honors College of LSA and a staff writer for the

Michigan

Review.

Rush ReflectIons

November-December 198721

Health .. ..... ... ...... .... ...... ... ... .. .. ... ..... .. .. ..... ... ... .. ........ ..... ...... .... ... .. .... ... .. ...... .......... .....

The AIDS Crisis: A Medical Perspective by Marla Ansari Most people have been exposed to the widespread information about what AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is, how it is transmitted, and what the high risk groups are. Still, some social and ethical issues have not yet been settled. Medical experts, government officials, victims, and potential victims are mainly concerned with controlling this deadly virus. With no vaccine expected in the near future, AIDS may afflict one quarter million people by 1991. In order to reduce these statistics, many experts, officials, and educators have proposed AIDS education and mandatory testing, raising controversial moral questions and outcries from human rights groups and state health departments. For what groups should mandatory testing exist, or should any testing be mandatory? How should individual rights be balanced with those of the general public? How much education is necessary, and in what form should it reach the public? These questions and other related issues cannot be ignored as the AIDS virus threatens to be increasingly epidemic. Dr. June Osborn, dean of the School of Public Health, said in an article for The Internist April 1987, "Soon no one in our society will be untouched by the pathos associated with this dreadful disease. The impact of AIDS even now makes the era of herpes anxiety look like the good old days. And things will get at least ten times worse in the next five years, even if we do everything right and bring the further spread of the virus under control." Health experts are now encouraging education as the best means of preventing the spread of the disease. Dr. Gary Nabel, a member of the University of Michigan's Biochemistry Department, who in his research identified the protein which activates the AIDS virus genes, said, "The most effective short-term approach is education-in terms of saving lives- than any other single measure. The more facts people have about any issue, the more they

can make their own decisions." He said that AIDS education should explain what the virus is, how it is transmitted, and what can be done to prevent transmission of the disease. According to Polly Paulson, M.P.H., director of health promotion and community relations at the University Health Services, information on safer sex and needle contamination should be very explicit in order to help people make changes in their behavior and prevent contracting the AIDS virus. She says, "There is a particular need to educate adolescents and young adults who are going through experimentation sexually and possibly with drugs." Information on AIDS transmission cannot be harmful to children as long as it parallels the way schools handle sex education, according to Dr. Kemp Cease, who performs research in immunology and AIDS at the University Medical Center. He also said, ''The answer to AIDS is in hard science, but since finding a vaccine for this virus has been more difficult than for any other virus in history, the only thing we have now is education." One difficulty in educating people about AIDS is in trying to reach the high-risk groups. That is why, according to Dr. David Ostrow, associate professor of psychiatry

and director of the Midwest AIDS Biobehavioral Research Center, this information needs to be "provided in as many different forms as possible and directed through as many routes as possible." He believes the best place to reach people through education is in the workplace, and then in schools and churches. If AIDS- education sessions were run by co-workers, peer and group support could be used to help allay the fears many people have about AIDS. In educating those infected with the virus, it is important to suggest substitute pleasures and to show them the benefits of behavioral changes to themselves and their partners. However, he adds, "AIDS education is more than just knowledge, you must give people tools to use this knowledge in doable steps." For example, while the ultimate goal is for AIDS patients to refrain from intercourse, they should be encouraged to use condoms and limit the number of sexual partners. . One reason AIDS education is imporContinued on next page

Maria Ansari is a sophomore in LSA and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

November-December 1987 23

I '..

..••.

The Michigan Review 22

AIDS

AIDS Continued from previous page

tant is that "there is so much fear and anxiety from the general public," according to Paulson, who says she has received calls from people worried about catching AIDS from pools and toilet seats. She added, "AIDS should not be seen as a gay problem. Heterosexuals are just as much at risk if they engage in high-risk activities, and not all homosexuals engage in highrisk activities." The public's misconceptions about the transmission of AIDS have led many people to treat AIDS patients and even homosexuals without AIDS as carriers of the plague. Children with AIDS have had problems gaining admittance into schools, and other incidents of airline ticket denials and eviction from apartments have occured. All such incidents exem-

plify a common lack of confidence in the medical data concerning casual contact. In Florida three siblings with AIDS were forced to leave their home after they were shunned from school and their home was burned down. Dr. Nabel said there is no need for that kind of hysteria since AIDS is not a highly communicable disease. According to Dr. Osborn, AIDS can be acquired only through sharing of bloodcontaminated instruments, sexual intercourse, blood-to-blood contact, contact of bodily fluids, such as semen (not tears or sweat), and through mother-fetal relationships. For example, Dr. Osborn spoke of a survey of hundreds of families with AIDS victims. They shared food, toothbrushes, tears, and toilets for many months without

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one family member contracting the disease from an AIDS-infected relative. Workers who are carriers of AIDS or who have AIDS should be treated like workers with other illnesses, said Dr. Ostrow. The only people whose occupation would present a risk to society are those who are in sex occupations such as prostitution, according to Dr. Ostrow. Dr. Nabel also saw no reason why a worker with AIDS should be discriminated against. He added, however, that there "might be some isolated incident where the economic cost to society would be more important" than letting the individual work. Apart from education, health and government officials have suggested mandatory testing of individuals as a means of controlling the spread of AIDS. Mandatory AIDS testing would permit an individual to selectively choose sexual partners and would allow for pre-family planning in the case where marriage applicants are tested. Mandatory testing has already begun for many military personnel, foreign immigrants, and blood donors. Those not in favor of mandatory testing cite its lack of cost effectiveness, its infringement on civil rights, and the chances of inaccurate results. Paulson said, "I can't imagine any setting where mandatory testing would be appropriate. It is very unethical to make a test mandatory for someone who did not ask to be tested in the first place. How do you effectively counsel someone who does not want to be there? There are no guarantees at all that they will change their behavior." Dr. Ostrow sees a problem with mandatory AIDS testing as far as selective mating is concerned. In his book Biobehavioral Control ofAIDS he said, "We know that a person incubating the virus does not develop measurable antibodies for several weeks if not months. Such individuals may Continued on next page

Continued from previous page

well be at a high risk for transmission of viral infection to their sexual contacts" and still test negative. These people might choose partners with negative results like their own onl y to put their partner in greater risk. Dr. Ostrow also opposes pre-employmentand pre-insurance screening, which is intended to identify people at high financial risk. "This approach (of discriminating against AIDS patients) while decreasing cost risk to insurers and employers, will lead to significant numbers (perhaps as many as one million) who are ineligible for health or life insurance and possible employment." Dr. Cease supports mandatory testing only when it is of some specific value. "Broad screening has no specific value. I think it is reasonable to require testing of anyone at risk of transmitting the disease to others such as people undergoing surgery or donating blood." The issue of AIDS testing also raises questions about methods of counseling and confidentiality. Most health experts agree that counseling is an important part of testing. At University Health Services, voluntary, confidential, anonymous testing is done requiring. pre- and post- counseling. According to Paulson, counseling prepares the person for the results, fmds out why that person feels he or she is at risk, educates him or her on how to minimize the risk, and offers resources for support groups and further information. Paulson would encourage anonymous confidential testing, so that the results do not become part of a person's medical record, but said that making it mandatory would scare away the population who needs to be reached the most. According to Dr. Ostrow, "Doctors owe it to their patients to inform them confidentiality may not be possible if an endangered third party (sexual partner) is involved." Situations like this one begin to interfere with anti- discrimination and confidentiality laws.

If mandatory testing is not a solution to

the threat of AIDS, according to these University of Michigan medical experts, then the only real defense we have against AIDS, until a vaccine is found, is education.

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November-December 1987 25

The Michigan Review 24

Movies in Review..... .......... ... ... ... .. ....... .... .. ... ...... ........ ..... .... ........ ..... .. ....... ...... .. ...

ESSAy...... .. ... .. .................. .. .. .. .. ...... .... .... .. .. .. ............. .... ... ... .. .... .. ... ... .. .......... .. ......... ... .

Fatal Attraction

Women in Science

Fatal Attraction Directed by Adrian Lyne Alex Forrester ..............Glenn Close Dan GaUagher .....Michael Douglas Beth Gallagher ......... Anne Archer by Jennifer Worlck The era of sexual freedom is coming to an end. One-night stands, disregard for proper birth control, and impulsive actions that fail to consider consequences are becoming rarities in sexual relations, for many reasons. For example, the introduction of AIDS into the mainstream of American society has reinforced the need for sexual responsibility.Fatal Attraction is this need incarnate. Through its presentation of emotional and physical suffering, it passionately proclaims that sex can no longer be a careless fulfillment of physical desires. Fatal Attraction reveals that the many assumptions about sex possessed by individuals and society do not always run true . to form. Dan Gallagher (Michael Douglas), a lawyer and a happily married man, and Alex Forrester (Glenn Close), a single, successful publishing executive, assume an awful lot when they enter into their torrid affair. Dan doesn't consider asking Alex if she is taking any form of birth control. He simply assumes that she doesn't want a child and is taking care of the unpleasant details. The possibility of being a daddy again never enters his lustconsumed mind. Well, this belief is proven wrong. Strike one for Dan. Dan also assumes Alex realizes and accepts that he is married and that the affair cannot last. In fact, she is assuming just the opposite. Strike two. He bewilderingly states, "I thought it was understood. The opportunity was there and we took it." I thought it was understood?! That line is straight out of every teenage pregnancy story I've ever read or seen. Dan didn't stop to think of the consequences of his actions. Were those brief actsoflust worth the hell that followed? If either Alex or Dan were available for comment, then perhaps we'd know if sex that great is possible.

Dan immediately opts for the affair, without acknowledging the possible consequences of his compUlsiveness. Initially, Dan has no fear that his infidelity could be discovered. Yet, for a good length of the film, we see Dan cringing every time the phone rings. Dan's phobia with the phone must stem in part from fear that his wife will learn the sordid truth. The strong casting and innovative directing of Fatal Attraction strengthens the film's storyline. Glenn Close, who has appeared in The Big Chill and Jagged Edge, brings a vulnerability to the role of Alex. This vulnerability makes hercharacter richer and more understandable. Although they may not like her, members of the audience can relate to her actions or to certain aspects of her personality. Michael Douglas' limited ability and intensity are immensely stretched, producing favorable (and surprising) results. Douglas molds Dan into areal man, witha life full of problems. Director Adrian Lyne (of 9 112 Weeks fame) makes several in tuitive choices that prove to be vital to the success of Fatal Attraction. Casting actress Anne Archer as Beth Gallagher, a beautiful and committed wife and mother, illustrates the gravity of Dan's actions. Dan was not simply dissatisfied with his home life and looking for some excitement. This is clearly evident by the numerous "one big happy family" scenes throughout the film. Dan 's contentment makes his decision more costly and

the film more powerful. Today, certain segments of our society are cautioning against polygamy and irresponsible sex not only for health reasons. take a lesson from Alex and Dan: You might have to extinguish a few urges along the way, but that's a hell of a lot better than those urges extinguishing you. Jennifer Worick is a sophomore in English and Communications and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

by DavId J. Calkins PART TWO The Problem of Male Supremacy I mentioned in Part One that science is in itself evolutionary, that the establishment of science in principle and practice through convention is a continuum in which extremes are moderated and fundamental axioms are reiterated and affinned. Even so, principle in an ideological context is rarely the same principle in practice. So it is with objectivity. I have implied thus far what appears to be obvious, that the objectivity the scientist attempts is far from perfect and must endure and grow as science endures and grows. The argument here is simple: what the scientist actually brings to science, outside of these so-called objective resources, though perhaps denied, is precisely what the human being brings anywhere-perception, conception, and reaction, all of which are the products of an entire abstruse and unique subjective experience (subjective in that the experience as manifested through the human being is detailed only through a psychological assessment which may be virtually independent of the physical circumstances). In other words, the removal of the "1"- the reactionary nature of humanness- is extensively incomplete. It seems reasonable from the above to conclude that science- both in its establishment and in its isolation as an autonomous institution-is limited by the character of the scientist: what is seen in nature and understood as nature is onl y what the scientist can see and understand. There has never been and probably never will be a scientist so much a part of nature as to be able to grasp all of nature in every possible way, that is, to approach nature equally and perfectly from every angle without bias arising from that scientist's own deficiencies. Therefore, since all scientists are to some degree deficient in their approach to nature, all then introduce certain biases contingent upon who and what they are. The scientist performs effectively in certain manners

while performing little or not at all in others. Now I assume it is a truism that each human being acquires an experience that is unique relative to the experiences of others. I will then maintain that the exact experience of maleness and that of femaleness cannot be identical in any context- biological, social, or other-simply because maleness is not femaleness. It follows then that

if the scientific community is predominantly male, then science itself is manifested to a lesser degree or possibly not at Continued on next page

David J. Calkins, a junior in Pure Mathematics and a researcher at the KeUogg Eye Center, is a starr writer for the Michigan Review.

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November-December 198727

The Michigan Review 26

Women in Science

Continued from previous page Continued from previous page

all in femaleness. That is, science in most respects is biased in favor of males and their experiences. To our misfortune, this means that complete objectivity, or attempting to approach nature from every perspective without necessitated preference, remains not only an impossibility, but a mockery. We are attempting to emulate nature- a duality and integration of sex- with a gender-specific institution arising primarily from male evaluation and male propagation. Science as an asexual tool does not exist. Certain perspectives will maintain that this dissymmetry in science in fact favors objectivity while suppressing SUbjectivity. These opinions place rationality, reason, and detachment in the realm of male, while ascribing passion, sensuality, and instinct to female. Therefore, in these minds, a male science is an objective science and a female science is no science at all. In another light, E. F. Keller has discussed the sociology and psychology of and the emphasis on allegedly male characteristics in science while suggesting that allegedly female characteristics, such as eroticism and unrenounced affection, can be utilized in analytical methodology. I would not like to delimit what is male and female by attaching pointblank descriptions to each; such an endeavor can only serve to facilitate tunnel vision, that ominous inhibitor of understanding. In this sense, I would therefore shy away from such attempts as Keller's (although she does not necessarily agree with the specific division of gender traits) on the grounds they may be construed as being nearly counterproductive to feminist objectives. Instead it may appear more accurate (although perhaps more conservative) to maintain that humanness and not just femaleness is inherently subjective and that science as an autonomous principle and practice and not maleness is ideally objective. These terms, I would suggest, abate the dilemma in logic which arises from confusing objectivity with sexual differentiation.

It is no less disturbing to consider the norms of thinking and behavior that are propagated by erecting a dichotomy between the sexes and objective capacity. Assimilating eroticism with femininity is set aside or considered irrelevant and inappropriate for science. In other words, we learn to weigh seriously only that arising from what is considered male processes or characteristics. If we are to utilize at all that deemed feminine, we must first be shown how this female "thing" approaches masculine objectivity. The prejudice is clear: maleness becomes a standard against

ion of thought is reinforced. And what of teaching? I do not believe a male majority at the professorial level works substantially to encourage a female flux into this service, except perhaps as a feminist challenge. And if that is the case, what becomes of the calling of the classroom? Is it science or is it something else, perhaps demonstration? For those women encouraged by science itself, the field becomes a sort of proving ground, a constant self-interrogation: "Will these men take my science as seriously as their own?" I once heard a prominent professor explain that a female scientist, if she is to be considered as an equal colleague, cannot merely perform

which all else is measured. But, as I have upheld, maleness alone in science is not a standard but a flagrant bias and to that extent a handicap. What then becomes of new ideas and tools? Those calling forth male imagery are preferentially absorbed into scientific methodology while those implying femininity are blindly and prejudicially refused. In effect, the female potential is decimated while the male dominContinued on next page

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This science is the consummation of a male industry and, indeed, addresses what has been deemed male: a so-called analysis which is regretfull y one-sided. The female, the feminine, is- although perhaps not intentionally-intellectually and culturally pushed into a position of aberration. Regarding the female student who is the outsider with respect to this movement, do we dare make the blackguard assumption that she examines and understands as the male examines and understands? Are her intellectual needs being addressed? The ramifications- the advantages or disadvantagesof teaching "our" science as it stands cannot be known until this assumption is validated or proven false. Until then, a male science remains a rather poor inside joke. Though objectivity itself is the compelling force of science, the scientist, as I have mentioned, is constrained by an experience that is problematically framed wholly in subjectivity. Accordingly, science must nurture and implement a sometimes harsh self-criticism that necessarily serves as the executor of that force, a [me adjustment, as it were, which sharpens the scientific view or opens widely the scene when the path has seemingly been lost. It is appropriate then to conclude with a question: What is the mark of a self-criticism administered while one eye, one vision, of two has been relinquished?

The Michigan Review 28

November-December 1987 29

:""." ."

Books in Review .. ... ....... ... ..... ... .... .. .... ... ....... .. ........... .... .... .......... .... ... ... ..... .. .... .. .

by Daniel Drumm anti-competitive, especially in the auto industry. The Ford Motor Company, in the period between the late 1960s and 1970s, embodied this attitude. During that era, for example, Ford did not develop any innovations for their automobiles. At executive board meetings, their leaders decided to make marginal changes for each year. Halberstam portrays Lee Iaccoca, who became the darling of the auto industry and a spokesman for the new, leaner Detroit, unsympathetically. The man who "brought America back" is revealed as a supporter of sending American jobs overseas.

!What's Going on in . Ithe Greek Sy stem? Read Greek Views

The Reckoning The long-term future of the economy and how well it will be able to compete on an international scale is one of the most debated subjects of economists today. The federal deficit continues to grow, and exports are down. Japan now controls nearly one-third of all business investments in the United States. Moreover, the United States is losing its status as an economic superpower. David Halberstam, in his latest book, The Reckoning, analyzes the workings of big business and predicts what the future holds for the United States and Japan. Although the Japanese are entering many different markets in the United States, Halberstam argues that the auto industry is a good representational tool to illustrate how Japan's businesses work. He compares auto manufacturers in Japan and the United States: Ford Motor Company and Nissan Motors. Using a series of biographies, from assembly line worker to middle management official to the Chief Executive Officer, he creates a composite picture of both companies. Halberstam outlines the strengths of the Japanese, citizens of a nation he believes possesses a strong dedication to work and a willingness to sacrifice. In his opinion, the arrival of Joseph Dodge, an economist and industrialist from the United States, was a primary factor in the rebuilding of Japan after WWII. Dodge created an industrybased, capitalist society in Japan and showed the Japanese how to become economically sound, directing what was left of the military industry toward domestic production and exports. Halberstam criticizes the attitude of U.S. businesses. The nation's postwar society became too wealthy for its own good. It quickly became soft and

....... "".,," .... " ...... "." ." ..... " .......................................................................................

Halberstam provides a pesSlDllSUC account of what the future holds for industry in the United States. He describes how personality and influence with superiors is used as well as the men who use it The Reckoning is an important book for those who want to learn about the automotive industry.

IGot a Hot Topic that You Want to Write About? Bring it to Review Forum

Daniel Drumm is a sophomore in political science and communications and a staff writer for the Michigan Review.

iWhere Can You Find In-Depth Analysis of Campus Issues? In

THE MICHIGAN R EVIEW, ..•••.•..•••..•.•.......•..•....••..•..•....••..••.•••• •...•..•••.•..••.....••••..•...••...•.•...•••....••...••..•••.•.....•.••• :. ,

November-December 198731

The Michigan Review 30

WHAT'S HAPPENING ON CAMPUS .... ..... ................... ..... ......................... ...

Throughout the year, the Review will publish a monthly list of clubs and their activities.

Upcom ing Events INTER- VARSITY CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP The Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship is a student-run, interdenominational organization. We seek to glorify God through: EV ANGELISM: Communicating the Good News about Jesus Christ to those who don't yet believe. DISCIPLESlllP: Growth among those who trust Jesus by prayer, Scripture study, and serVice together. MISSIONS: Developing an adequate and Biblical concept of God's work in the world and seeking our place in that world.

December 3

MUSIC: The musical gifts of the community are used fully by way of the Chapel Choir, the Handbell Choir, and instrumental performances. Organ, harpsichord, guitar, and other instruments enhance our services. INQUIRY: Bible classes each Sunday, Membership classes, and Mini-Courses each term represent opportunities for growth as together we explore the Christian dimension of contemporary concerns. FELLOWSlllP: Sunday Night Suppers every other week, pre- and post-service visiting, clean-up days, and other projects are all activities that are, at once, enjoyable, useful, and nurturing of community. RECREA TION: Reading magazines and newspapers, watching TV, volleyball in the parking lot, canoe trips, ice-skating ... a11 become expressions of the life of our commu-

We invite you to become part of the Chapel community and we promise to make for you a comfortable space. We are located at 1511 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Mich., 48104

I decided over the summer to attend last weekend's big UM vs. Western Michigan hockey game in Kalamazoo (Ed. note: a city in the USA). I told my cousin's chiropracter about my plans and he called me a wimp (Ed. note: a twit): "Why don't you come over and fold my socks?" Kalamazoo is a wild city. They have this neato mall right downtown that's got everything a guy (or gal) could need. They also have a local watering hole (Ed. note: a place to get drunk) where I could watch the hockey game, because I couldn't afford a scalped ticket (Ed. note: The author is hinting for a raise. Don't believe him-he

December 10 Christmas Caroling The Diag, 7:00 p.m.

Christmas Worship Room 126East Quad, 7:00 p.m. Those interested in more information may call Jim Huggins at 764-9782.

UNIVERSITY LUTHERAN CHAPEL & STUDENT CENTER A Christian community gathered around... WORSHIP: Each Sunday at 9:15 and 10:30 a.m., and again on Wednesday evening, the members of our community come to the source of our life together, Word and Sacrament.

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just wasted $100 on a dating service for ponies). Me and my nameless roommate had some drinks (Ed. note: 7 margaritas and 3 pitchers of beer-we know, Joe tried to put it on his expense account). The bar was evenly divided between UM and WMU fans. I had heard about how nasty WMU fans could get, but they were pretty mellow, except for the one who regurgitated (Ed. note: vomited) on my right foot. Michigan lost, but we still had a good time (Ed. note: they became inebriated). Afterwards, some Western fans even shared some pizza with us (Ed. note: Joe was so starved and bankrupt that he scraped the pizza off his right shoe). And later on a woman bought me a beer to drown my sorrows in. After dancing for a while I asked the woman out, but she said she was ill and ran out (Ed. note: but not before messing up Joe's other shoe).

by Joe Typho

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nity. PLACE: The Chapel and Student Center building as a place to come to-warm, living, comfortable-for whatever purpose, is itself symbol and shelter for our community.

Topic: "SpirituatGifts" Room 126 East Quad, 7:00 p.m.

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I went home realizing that WMU fans are no different from UM fans (Ed. note: except for control of several key bodily func tions). I had a great time in Kalamazoo and can't wait for next year's great adventureFerris State in January 1989. (Ed. note: Maybe he'll find someone to drool on him there).

Joe Typbo is a graduate student in the School of Natural Resources and Buddhist Studies and cannot afford to pay his rent.

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