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MICROBIOZ INDIA

launching this special issue of Microbioz India Magazines on August 2015 edition.

LEADERSHIPS This issue of Magazine is dedicated to our former president Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam died on July 27th 2015 at Indian Institute Management-Shillong (IIM-SHILLONG) while delivering a lecture. The cover Story of Magazine is “Journey”……From Book Seller Boy to president of India!!! As title indicate we tried to provide a short report focusing his life from start of his career ,the time when he collect money for his in his early age by sailing news papers in his early age. His life is no doubt is an inspiration to all of us because he doesn’t have luxurious life to live and enough financial parental support for better living. His father's name was Jainulabdeen, a boat owner, and his mother Ashiamma, a housewife. No doubt Kalam was born in Muslim but love to Hindu religion and more as he read “Bhagwati Gita” is one of holy Hinduism epic. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. Dr. Kalam elected as a 11th President of India and he is one first India’s bachelor president most favourate and proved as a youth icon. Apart from cover story magazine has a featured article on “Errors in Clinical Laboratory: The Dark Side of Moon” submitted by Dr.Moslim Dhaher Musa.As we perform in each month like introducing our readers with scientists, academic staff. This month we introduce our readers with Dr.Duro Damisa, Associate Professor, Federal University of Technology, and Minna Nigeria.

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Cover Story… Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

JOURNEY NEWS PAPER SELLER BOY TO PRESIDENT OF INDIA

s a president of India Dr. Kalam was one of

most favourate and youth heart touchable iconic president of India and also awarded with MTV youth Icon Award. During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President, saying that signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. In his speech and message to youth Dr. Kalam dream about developed India his put a unique name “Mission 2020” for this thought. "Every day matters and every moment matters to me. Every 1st of January, I design what should be my mission for that year and start working towards it. Based on my experience, I achieve almost 60-70 per cent of what I have planned. You see, my mission never stops," he said.

Cover Story… Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

JOURNEY News Paper Seller Boy to President of India….

omeone exactly says “Talent has no need of Money, Power and Appreciation of any one in achieving success goal”, these

words are best fitted over former President Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Died on (October 15, 1931 to July 27, 2015). Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen "A. P. J." Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007.Dr.Kalam as a scientific career associated with Defence Research Organization (DRDO) and Indian Space Research organization (ISRO). And was intimately involved in India's civilian space program and military missile development efforts. After Success full launching of several missiles which include Ballistic Missiles and launch vehicle. He also known as “Missile man of India”. Apart from scientific career Dr. Kalam elected as 11th President of India with support of both ruling party, Bhartiya Janta Party and Indian National Congress.Dr. Kalam was awarded with number of International Prestigious awards and prizes which includes Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna.

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Cover Story… Early life Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam full name Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 in Rameswaram then in Madras Presidency now in Tamil Nadu. His life is no doubt is an inspiration to all of us because he doesn’t have luxurious life to live and enough financial parental support for better living. His father's name was Jainulabdeen, a boat owner, and his mother Ashiamma, a housewife. No doubt Kalam was born in Muslim but love to Hindu religion and more as he read “Bhagwati Gita” is one of holy Hinduism epic. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. Kalam's ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family acquired the title of "Mara Kalam iyakkivar" (wooden boat steerers), which over the years became shortened to "Marakier." With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home. By his early childhood, Kalam's family had become poor; at an early age, he started working to supplement his family's income. After completing school, Kalam distributed newspapers to contribute to his father's income. Kalam facing in his early age and started earning for his family in early age. During his school going age Kalam is highly dedicated and devoted in his study hours honestly and has desires to learn and know something new. Especially in mathematics. After completing his matriculation from Ramanathapuram Schwartz Matriculation School, Kalam Joins Saint Joseph's College, Trichirappalli then joins University of Madras and graduated in Physics in 1954. This is time to begin his scientific career and no doubt he not cane back after moving forward to find his goal of life. In 1955 he also attends Madras Institute of Technology and awarded with degree in “Aerospace Engg”.

Dr. Kalam with his Parents, Sister and Elder Brother, Credit: I am Kalam

Starting Career as a Scientist After attending Madras institute of Technology, Kalam Joins Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defence Research and Development organization (DRDO) as a Scientist. He started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO.Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.

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Cover Story… In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965.In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers. In 1963–64, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard “Every day matters and every moment Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility. matters to me. Every 1st of January, I Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the design what should be my mission for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which that year and start working towards it. proved to be successful.

Based on my experience, I achieve Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test almost 60-70 per cent of what I have Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not planned. You see, my mission never participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two stops," projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another.R Venkataraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 388 crores for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive.

Dr. Kalam with Vikram Sarabhai Credit: IPB India

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Cover Story… As a President of India It was Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the post of President, and both the Samajwadi Party and the Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy. After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in office, leaving the field clear. Kalam said of the announcement of his candidature: “I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture.”

“As humble and generous the man is, President As a president of India Dr. Kalam was one of most favourate and Kalam is known to sign his own thank you youth heart touchable iconic president of India and also awarded cards. One instance is when Quora user with MTV youth Icon Award. During his term as president, he was Naman Narain drew a sketch of Dr. Kalam and affectionately known as the People's President, saying that signing the sent it to the President.” Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence of convicts on death row. Kalam acted on only one mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged. Perhaps the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of India in 2004. While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row. He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule in Bihar in 2005.

Chief Justice of India, Sri.Kirpal, Administrating the Oath of President of India to Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

After serving as a President of India Dr. Kalam again joins Indian Institute of Management-Shillong (IIM-Shillong), Indian Institute of Management-Ahmadabad (IIM-Ahmadabad), and Indian Institute of Management-Indore (IIM-Indore).In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of the nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking with the local people. The protesters were hostile to his visit as they perceived to him to be a pronuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances provided by him regarding the safety features of the plant. Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam India’s first bachelor president addresses number of conferences, symposium and speeches around the globe and his each speech and messages is an inspirational words for all of us. During his Dr. Kalam always addresses energetic words which create confidences and billing to win goals of our life.

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Cover Story… In his speech and message to youth Dr. Kalam dream about developed India his put a unique name “Mission 2020” for this thought. "Every day matters and every moment matters to me. Every 1st of January, I design what should be my mission for that year and start working towards it. Based on my experience, I achieve almost 60-70 per cent of what I have planned. You see, my mission never stops," he said.

Dr.A.P.J.Kalam appreciating a boy during his visit in Kerala Credit: One India.com

"The authorities feared that the grandeur of the Mughal Gardens might get affected to some extent. While I was preparing a convincing reply to the authorities, my tenure got over at Rashtrapati Bhavan. I could not complete the mission, which I still regret," Dr Kalam added. On his vision 2020 Dr. Kalam said that a collective will can make this happen. "We proposed in the Parliament and Cabinet that we need India Vision 2020. To make India an economically- developed nation by 2020, the Parliament should debate and see how we activate the vision for the nation and reach our goal by 2020." "The first priority should be PURA - Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas. Second, our farmers are producing 250 million tons of food, but we don't do value addition. Value addition brings a lot of economy and export potential," the former President added. He also said, "We are leading producers of fruits and vegetable but we do not process that as juice or processed food. Third, the small scale industries (SSIs) contribute almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy." As we described here Dr. Kalam was an inspiration and youth icon he dedicated a poem for our youth entitled: “Indomitable Spirit. "Each day is an action oriented day. And I have a poem for you today, titled Indomitable Spirit. I composed this one during a flight from New Delhi to Bangalore on August 28, 2010. It is an answer to a number of questions posed to me from the youth on various issues." –Dr. Kalam

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Cover Story… "I was swimming in the sea, Waves came one after the other I was swimming and swimming to reach my destination. But one wave, a powerful wave, overpowered me; It took me along in its own direction, I was pulled long and along. When I was about to lose amidst the sea wave power, One thought flashed to me, yes, that is courage to reach my goal, courage to defeat the powerful force and succeed; With courage in my mind, indomitable spirit engulfed me, With indomitable spirit in mind and action, I regained lost confidence I can win, win and win Strength came back to me, overpowered the sea wave I reached the destination, my mission. " - (Story Credit: Dr.Anantha Krishnan M, One India)

Best quotes of Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam “If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher.” “English is necessary as at present original works of science are in English. I believe that in two decades times original works of science will start coming out in our languages. Then we can move over like the Japanese.” “You have to dream before your dreams can come true.” “Great dreams of great dreamers are always transcended.” “To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.” “Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.” “We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us.” “Those who cannot work with their hearts achieve but a hollow, half-hearted success that breeds bitterness all around.” “In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime.”

Apart from Scientific and More as Presidential life Dr. Kalam loves to write Poems and quotes Credit: One India.com

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Cover Storyâ&#x20AC;Ś Awards & Honours Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam awarded with number of prestigious awards and honours across the globe. Kalam has received honorary doctorates from 40 universities. Apart from these he was awarded with number of prestigious award of Govt of India which includes Bharat Ratna, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and many more prizes. Here is few listings of his awards. Bharat Ratna (1997)

Government of India

Distinguished Fellow (1994)

Institute of Directors (India)

Padma Vibhushan (1990)

Government of India

Padma Bhushan (1981)

Government of India

Doctor of Science (2014)

Edinburgh University, UK

Doctor of Laws (2012)

Simon Fraser University

IEEE Honorary Membership (2011)

IEEE

Doctor of Engineering (2010)

University of Waterloo

Awarded with Padma Vibhushan, By K.R.Narayan

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Cover Story… As a Writer As a writer Dr. Kalam authored many books and several publishers also have number of publications on Biography of Dr. Kalam and in his book “India 2020”, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation by the year 2020. I have identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action:     

Agriculture and food processing. Education and healthcare. Information and communication technology Infrastructure, reliable and quality electric power, surface transport and infrastructure for all parts of the country Self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in a coordinated way, will lead to food, economic and national security.

Most Favourate Parts of Dr. Kalam Life Apart from Presidential, Scientific and academic Life Dr. Kalam is fond of to spend time among children and they love to inspire them all. According to Blog: youthconnect.com: “The government takes care of the President of India as well as of all the former presidents. Knowing this, Dr. Kalam during his tenure as President decided to give away all his wealth and life savings towards a fund that works towards providing urban amenities to rural population. Apparently, Dr. Kalam called up Dr. Varghese Kurien, the founder of Amul, and asked: “Now that I have become the President of India, the government is going to look after me till I am living; so what can I do with my savings and salary?”

“As humble and generous the man is, President Kalam is known to sign his own thank you cards. One instance is when Quora user Naman Narain drew a sketch of Dr. Kalam and sent it to the President. To his surprise, the President sent him a thank you card, with a short handwritten message and personalised with his signature.”

Dr. Kalam among School Boys

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Cover Story… Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Death….Bye Sir, You will always remains in heart of Every Indian!!! After writing number of success story for the country Dr. Kalam leaves this world but he and his memorable works will always remain around we all forever. It was July 27, 2015 Dr. Kalam visited Indian Institute of Management-Shillong to represent a lecture, at around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m IST.

Sri.Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, His tribute to Dr. Kalam Death body with honour

References              

"I Am Kalam: Movie Review". The Times of India. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2012. Jump up “Dr Kalam's 'assurance' on nuclear power plants draws flak". Financial Magazine. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2011. Jump up “Kalam bats for Kudankulam but protesters unimpressed". The Times of India. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2012. Jump up to: a b c PTI (28 July 2015). "Abdul Kalam showed no signs of life when brought to hospital: Doctor". IBN Live.com Retrieved 29 July 2015. Jump up “Abdul Kalam, former president of India, passes away at 84". The Indian Express. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015. Jump up to: a b "End of an era: 'Missile man' APJ Abdul Kalam passes away after cardiac arrest". Firstpost. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Jump up Anindita Sanyal (27 July 2015). "Former President APJ Abdul Kalam Dies at 83". NDTV.com. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Jump up HT Correspondent, Guwahati (28 July 2015). "Farewell Kalam! Pranab, Modi lead nation in paying homage". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Jump up “Live: Kalam's body at Delhi house for people to pay tribute". India Today. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Jump up Arunachalam, Pon Vasanth (29 July 2015). "Dignitaries Pay Respect to Kalam in Madurai Airport". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 29 July 2015. Jump up “Kalam's mortal remains reach Rameswaram". The Hindu. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015. One India Blog www.youthconnect.in

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Featured Articles…

Clinical Laboratory Errors The dark side of the moon…

-Dr.Moslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D

he number, type, and complexity of laboratory testing have increased

during the past 50 years, Clinical laboratory results have a great influence on decision making , 60–70% of the most important medical decision , surgical operations , and medication are based on laboratory clinical laboratory results [ 1] addition, laboratory results enable health care providers to assess early disease choosing of the most effective therapy or less-invasive treatment, and follow the progression of diseases ( such as liver function test , renal function test , etc)[3]. Compared with other types of medical error, however, errors in laboratory have received little attention. The reasons for this neglect are complex, this complexity raise as result of interaction of many factors including, case history, test request, sampling, timing, technical errors, and interpretation of result. There classification for laboratory errors but the best two classifications as published in Petros and Angelos [4], as they classify the errors:

markedly

An individual's diet can greatly affect laboratory test results. The effect is transient and easily controlled. Glucose and triglycerides, absorbed from food, increase after eating. High protein, low carbohydrate diets, greatly5tgb increases the serum uric acid.

clinical .

In risk, natural

medicine physician is much article of

First classification include Errors This category includes all the “wrong” laboratory measures due to non-human action. Mistakes This category contains all the human errors e.g. mixing up samples.

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Cover Story… Second classification is based on the time and the stage they appeared in laboratory practice, pre- analytical , analytical and post – analytical

In this article I will focus on pre- analytical errors The pre-analytical stage Encompasses all the procedures which are take place before the analysis of the patients’ samples on the automated analyzers (e.g. blood drawing, sample transportation, centrifugation, dilutions etc). here I would like to explain some important errors : The physiological status of patient Exercise Physical activity has transient and long-term effects on laboratory determinations. Exercise may elevate creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). During strenuous exercise the increased production of lactic acid will compete with uric acid for renal excretion so serum uric acid concentration increases Stress cause high glucose and enzyme activity due to adrenal stimulation. Stress must be taken in account because patient my wait long time in clinic specially in these days as weather is so warm. Total cholesterol has been reported to increase with stress, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) to decrease as much as 15%. Hyperventilation affects acid-base balance, and elevates leukocyte counts. An individual's diet can greatly affect laboratory test results. The effect is transient and easily controlled. Glucose and triglycerides, absorbed from food, increase after eating. High protein, low carbohydrate diets, greatly5tgb increases the serum uric acid.

The second important pre-analytical error is sample collection this include Blood To obtain blood sample many technicians use tourniquet which must be remove as soon as blood begin to flow into syringe, the tourniquet should not be placed too tightly or left on the patient for more than 2 min. this lead to partial stasis of blood which leads to hemoconcentration that increase concentration of serum enzymes, potassium, proteins, and proteinbound substances as calcium. Grossly hemolyzed samples will be rejected. A sample visibly hemolyzed will be rejected for the following analytes: Acid Phosphatase, Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Amylase Isoenzymes, ALT, AST, Bilirubin, CK Isoenzymes, CK-MB, CPK Folate, Glucose, Lipase, LDH, LDH Isoenzymes, Phosphorous, Potassium, RPR, Type and Crossmatch, Type and Screen, VDRL(CSF), Alpha-fetoprotein. Serum Preparation Errors The most common serum preparation errors include  Failure to separate serum from red cells within 60 minutes of venipuncture.  Failure to allow the specimens to clot before centrifugation. (SeePreparing Serum on clotting and serum-separator tubes and red-stopper tubes.)  Hemolysis: red blood cells break down and components spill into serum. Causes and prevention are discussed under the section on Hemolysis.  Lipemia: cloudy or milky serum sometimes due to the patient's diet (discussed under the section on Lipemia).

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Cover Story… Urine First point in correct urine analysis is collection and transportation as soon as possible , many laboratories collect and store the sample for period of time due to overload of work , saving the urine for period of time that my extended to one hour my lead to the following changes

Analyte Color

Change Modified/darkened

Clarity

Decreased

Odor

Increased

Glucose

Decreased

Bilirubin

Decreased

Ketones

Decreased

Urobilinogen

Increased

Nitrite

Increased

Red and white blood

Decreased Increased

Cause Oxidation or reduction of metabolites Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material Bacterial multiplication or breakdown of urea to ammonia Breakdown of urea to ammonia by Urease-producing bacteria/ loss of CO2 Glycolysis and bacterial use Volatilization and metabolism Oxidation to urobilin

bacterial

Multiplication of nitratereducing bacteria Multiplication of nitratereducing bacteria Disintegration in dilute alkaline urine Multiplication

Bacteria

References  



Forsman RW. Why is the laboratory an afterthought for managed care organizations? Clin Chem 1996;42:813–6. Antonia, M. Antonia LLopis, Virtudes Alvarez, Cecilia Martínez-Brú, Rubén Gómez, Núria Barba, Mercè Ibarz, Mariano Cortés, Montserrat Ventura and M. Jesús Alsina LLopis, Virtudes Alvarez, Cecilia Martínez-Brú, Rubén Gómez, Núria Barba, Mercè Ibarz, Mariano Cortés, Montserrat Ventura and M. Jesús Alsina. Quality Assurance in the Preanalytical Phase, Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry Committee for the extra-analytical quality assessment Spain. Wolcott J, Schwartz A, Goodman C; Lewin Group. Laboratory Medicine: A National Status Report. May 2008. Columbus, OH: Battelle Memorial Institute.https://www.futurelabmedicine.org/pdfs/2007%20status%20report%20laboratory_medicine__a_national_status_report_from_the_le win_group.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2011. Petros Karkalousos1 and Angelos Evangelopoulos2 Technological Institute of Athens, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Department of Medical Laboratories

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Research Newsâ&#x20AC;Ś

New Mechanisms suggests Pollen induced Allergic Diseases Story Source: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

Certain Allergic Diseases influenced with pollen grains which is responsible for Asthma and few nasal diseases. Researcher from University of Texas Medical branch at Galveston open a mysterious mechanism which plays a central key role in Pollen grains induces allergic reactions. The concern research is currently available online in American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Normally peoples exposed to Pollen Grains or any Aeroallergen then our immune system respond by generation of type of B-Cells named Neutrophils a type of WBCs which invade the inflammation in area of injury. In case of asthma this inflammation is respond by narrowing airways. The concern study defines how our immune system controls the mechanism of Neutrophils and its role in inflammation. According to original Research:

"The study reported a remarkable paradigm-shifting observation: repeated administration of Neutrophils to the airways along with ragweed pollen recreates allergic sensitization in these genetically modified mice," said UTMB's Sanjiv Sur, professor in the department of internal medicine, division of allergy and immunology, and professor in pediatrics and microbiology and immunology. "These data suggest that when the body is forced to react to the presence of pollen in the airways, it recruits Neutrophils that induce a state of continuous oxidative stress in the airways. This type of cellular stress from any cause can worsen allergic asthma."

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Research News…

Bacterial Protein in Rice Plants helps in fighting with “Blight” Disease Story Source: DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Team of Researcher from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Joint Bio Energy Institute (JBEI) and the University of California (UC) Davis, recently uncovered a mysterious though on development of immune system in rice plants which influenced by fight against Bacterial Blight diseases with help of Bacterial molecules. Researcher finds tyrosine-sulfated bacterial protein (RaxX) activates the receptor protein (XA21) in rice which in turn helps rice plants in development of Immune System against; Xanthomonas oryzae a pathogen causes Bacterial Blight in rice plants. According to Scientists:

“Our results show that RaxX, a small, previously undescribed bacterial protein, is required for activation of XA21mediated immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae,” says Pamela Ronald, a plant geneticist for both JBEI and UC Davis who led this study. “XA21 can detect RaxX and quickly mobilize its defenses to mount a potent immune response against Xanthomonas oryzae. Rice plants that do not carry the XA21 immune receptor or other related immune receptors are virtually defenseless against bacterial blight.”

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Research Newsâ&#x20AC;Ś

Credit: Taste for life

Garlic Extract fighting against Microbiota of Urinary Tract Infections Story Source: University Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Recent research study published in Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science opens news mysterious value of Garlic extract in fighting against Multi Drug Resistance Bacteria of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).The research is conducted by Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Indiaâ&#x20AC;? UTIs are most common infections in number of peoples worldwide and treatment is normally through different antibiotics but the research could play an important role in treatment of disease through Garlic Extract. During the Study, the team found that 56% of 166 bacteria strains isolated from the urine of people with UTI showed a high degree of resistance to antibiotics. However, about 82% of the antibiotic resistant bacteria were susceptible to a crude aqueous extract of Allium sativum. According to the researchers, "ours is the first study to report the antibacterial activity of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug resistant bacteria isolates from infected urine samples leading to UTI." According to Original Study:

"To conclude, there is evidence that garlic has potential in the treatment of UTI and maybe other microbial infections," says the team. "However, it is necessary to determine the bioavailability, side effects and pharmacokinetic properties in more detail."

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Research Newsâ&#x20AC;Ś

Protective Probiotics for Frog Story Source: American Society of Microbiology

A protective Probiotics fight with fungus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chytridâ&#x20AC;? which is well known for decimating Amphibian population worldwide, Scientists named Jenifer Walke a Post Doctoral research at Virginia Tech niversity,Blacksburg,Opens a mysterious though on, Growing or cultured bacteria , from the swabs, and sequenced those cultures. They also sequenced all of the bacteria inhabiting the skin of each amphibian using next-generation sequencing. The Research is appears in July 10 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a journal of the American Society for Microbiology. According to Original Research: Amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians. The latter are limbless burrowing creatures of the southern hemisphere, and are not (yet) known to be infected with chytrid fungus. That fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is currently known to infect nearly 300 species of amphibians, and has caused around 100 extinctions, according to one estimate.B. dendrobatidis spread is driven largely by commercial trade in amphibians, 100 million of which are shipped annually. And now a new species of chytrid fungus is killing salamanders in Europe. "There is great concern that this species is going to arrive in America and decimate the amazingly diverse salamander communities in the eastern US," said Walke. Walke said that the benefits of the research will go beyond species preservation. It will contribute to the ability to culture diverse bacterial species, which will aid in disease control generally, as well as developing renewable energy, decontaminating pollutants, and improving understanding of evolution.

Note: The above story is strictly design for information purpose for more information go through original story source.

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Business News…

“Ebola” Vaccine of Merck in Phase third Result Story Source: Fierce Biotech Ebola vaccine produces by Merck a leading Pharmaceutical Company is protected almost total number of patients from contracting with virus in interim results this is signal that protection of patients in future with Ebola outbreak.

According to Story source:

The vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV, is in the midst of a big Phase III trial in West Africa, home to the most recent--and deadliest-outbreak of Ebola. In an interim analysis published in The Lancet, every patient who received the vaccine after Ebola broke out in his or her village was virus-free within 6 to 10 days, Merck said, suggesting rVSV-ZEBOV could be a highly effective option for stemming the spread of Ebola. Note: The above story is strictly design for information purpose for more information go through original story source.

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Scholarships Updatesâ&#x20AC;Ś

KAUST Fellowship for PhD and MS/PhD Program in Saudi Arabia, 2016 About Scholarship Applications are invited for KAUST Fellowship for enrolling in PhD and MS/PhD program for spring 2016. ll admitted students receive the benefits of the KAUST Fellowship. The fellowship supports students for the duration of their graduate studies. KAUST Fellowship includes full tuition support and monthly living allowance.

Eligibility KAUST requires a minimum TOEFL score of 79 on the IBT (Internet Based Test) or 6.0 on the IELTS (International English Language Testing System). Only official TOEFL or IELTS scores will be accepted. TOEFL or IELTS scores for tests administered by an educational institution for admission to that particular institution are not acceptable. KAUST does not require the GRE exam for admission. However, they strongly encourage students to take the GRE general test. A high quantitative score on the GRE will enhance a studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s application. Official test results should be sent directly from ETS. The KAUST admissions code is 4139. The average GRE quantitative score for admitted students is currently 774 out of 800.

How to Apply Applications should be submitted online. Also, Submit an official complete university Transcript/ Mark sheets/ Graduation Certificate/ Academic Record from every institution previously attended. A scan of the official transcript provided by the university in the native language must be uploaded into the online application along with the certified English translation. Your transcript must include the university grading scale for all documents submitted. If offered admission, an official final transcript must be sent to the Office of Admissions prior to arrival (during the on boarding process) in a sealed envelope via post.

Deadline The application deadline is October 8th, 2015

For Details http://www.kaust.edu.sa/application-form-kaust.html

Transcription control and immune evasion in African trypanosomes About Project Trypanosomes are unicellular eukaryotes which cause African sleeping sickness, which is endemic to subSaharan Africa. Trypanosomes can be easily grown as suspension cell lines in the laboratory, where they are straightforward to manipulate and genetically modify.

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Scholarships Updates… They provide a very experimentally amenable system for investigating pathogen/ host interactions. Bloodstream form trypanosomes are covered with a layer of Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) which forms a protective coat, which can be antigenically varied during the course of an infection. An individual cell has many hundreds of VSG genes and pseudogenes, of which only one is expressed at a time from a VSG expression site transcription unit. Although trypanosomes have about 20 VSG expression sites, only one is transcribed at a time in a stringent monoallelic fashion. We currently have a funded BBSRC position (1+3 years), and are looking for candidates for a joint PhD together with a collaborator at the University of Singapore. Funding available for Europian/UK students only.

Eligibility Applicants must hold, or expect to receive, a first or upper second class honours degree (or equivalent) in Biological Sciences. You would need to obtain a studentship to do a PhD research project in our lab. This could be through applying for one of the studentships available through the Divison of Cell and Molecular Biology or through the Welcome Trust 4 year PhD programme in the Molecular and Cellular basis of infection run by Imperial College. Alternatively you could obtain a studentship through another funding body, for example from your home country.

How to Apply We are approaching these questions using molecular techniques including genetic modification (gene knock-outs), tetracycline inducible double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) and flow cytometry of cells containing genes encoding fluorescent proteins inserted into different transcriptionally silent genomic locations. Lab homepage: http://rudenkolab.co.uk/

Deadline Applications accepted all year round

For Details http://rudenkolab.co.uk/

EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Medical Imaging About Project The King’s College London and Imperial College London EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Medical Imaging brings together two world leading research-focused universities in a unique collaboration to create an interdisciplinary training approach specifically designed to meet challenges in healthcare and Medical Imaging. With complementary strengths in basic physical sciences, engineering and clinical translation, the CDT will have links with key industrial partners and close strategic and geographical links with St Thomas’ Hospital, a top-rated teaching hospital, where the Centre will be based. The CDT has a comprehensive capability to train and nurture the next generation of imaging scientists and research and industry leaders.

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Scholarships Updates… Eligibility Research and development in Medical Imaging is highly multi-disciplinary and students with a diverse range of backgrounds have a direct role to play including first degrees in:           

Computer Science Mathematics Applied Mathematics Physics Computer Sciences Biology Chemistry Pharmacy Biochemistry Biomedical Engineering Other engineering-related disciplines

How to Apply For details on how to apply including the application forms and deadlines please visit http://www.imagingcdt.com/ or contact the CDT coordinator Email: imaging-cdt@kcl.ac.uk

Deadline All our places for the academic year 2015/16 have been filled and we will open applications for academic year 2016/17 in Winter 2015.To see all the projects that have been on offer for 2015/16, visit the Projects page. You can then filter by supervisor, institution, industrial partner or stream type. The 2015/6 studentships will commence in September 2015; any questions regarding the application process can be sent to Rob Miles: imaging-cdt@kcl.ac.uk

For Details www.imagingcdt.com Email: imaging-cdt@kcl.ac.uk

Discovery of novel pharmaceuticals from marine and desert microorganisms About Project Microorganisms from extreme environments such as the deep sea and hyper arid deserts have been shown to produce a range of complex natural products with high biological activity. In this project you will investigate the chemistry of these compounds and their potential for treating a range of diseases. Via collaborations we obtain desert and marine samples from which you will isolate unique bacterial and fungal strains. Cultivating these under different conditions gives rise to varied metabolic profiles.

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Scholarships Updatesâ&#x20AC;Ś Eligibility Applicants must hold, or expect to receive, a first or upper second class honours degree (or equivalent) in Chemistry, biochemistry or pharmacy with knowledge of Organic chemistry, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. There is no funding attached to this project, it is for self-funded students only.

How to Apply Formal applications can be completed online: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/postgraduate/apply. You should apply for PhD in Chemistry, to ensure that your application is passed to the correct College for processing. Please ensure that you quote the project title and supervisor on the application form. Informal inquiries can be made to Professor M Jaspars, (m.jaspars@abdn.ac.uk) with a copy of your curriculum vitae and cover letter. All general enquiries should be directed to the Graduate School Admissions Unit (cpsgrad@abdn.ac.uk).

Deadline Applications accepted all year round.

For Details http://www.abdn.ac.uk/

Using biology to make complex cyclic peptides with pharmaceutical potential. About Project The pharmaceutical industry has identified a major gap in its portfolio. On the one hand, they are excellent at discovering small molecules that act via a lock and key type mechanism. On the other hand, some diseases are only treatable with biologics such as antibodies and proteins, with associated high costs and difficulties in administering them. The gap between these is filled by large cyclic molecules which behave like small molecule drugs in terms of administration, and behave like biologics in terms of therapeutic effects.

Eligibility Applicants must hold, or expect to receive, a first or upper second class honours degree (or equivalent) in Chemistry, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology or pharmacy with knowledge of Organic chemistry. Desirable knowledge includes Spectroscopy, Microbiology and Molecular biology.

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Scholarships Updates… Deadline Applications accepted all year round.

For Details http://www.abdn.ac.uk/

Understanding the mechanistic uptake and exploring the translation of novel amino acid based ion pair complexes About Project Fully-funded BBSRC Industrial Case PhD Studentship (Full-Time) in collaboration with Quest Healthcare Ltd Applications are invited from ambitious, self-motivated candidates to work on a fully funded BBSRC project investigating the cellular mechanism of ion pair uptake. This opportunity is open to UK and EU Students, who have at least an Upper Second Class Honours Degree in Pharmacy or Pharmaceutical Sciences or a related subject. Findings from our group have explored the mechanism of dissolution enhancement for poorly soluble drugs using amino acids as counter ions.(ElShaer et al., 2013). Similarly, their role in influencing permeability has also been studied (Elshaer et al., 2014).

Eligibility  Eligible Applicants should hold at least a Bachelor (Hons.) Degree of either First Class or Upper Second Class or hold a Master’s Degree (MSc/MRes) in a related discipline.  EU Applicants will need to demonstrate adequate proficiency in English Language skills, with a  Minimum overall score of 93 (Internet Based) (with a minimum score in each section of: R: 18, W: 23, L: 19 and S: 19) in TOEFL or IELTS with minimum marks of 6.0 in each section and an overall band of 6.5.  The Studentship is funded for 4 years, subject to a satisfactory progress review at the end of the first year, and with submission by 4 years is required. The anticipated Registration date is 1st October 2015.

Deadline Applications accepted all year round.

For Details http://www.abdn.ac.uk/

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Scholarships Updates…

Modeling oral mucosal infections with single cultures and dual biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans: PUPSMD-24-QR-15-16 About Project Applications are invited for a 3 year funded PhD Studentship within the Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, to start 01 October 2015.  Director of Studies: Dr Vehid Salih  2nd Supervisor: Dr Mathew Upton  3rd Supervisor: Dr Louise Belfield The Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry (PUPSMD) are seeking to attract outstanding PhD candidates to join their exciting and rapidly expanding programme of internationally-rated research. PUPSMD are committed to research excellence.

Eligibility Applications are invited from suitably qualified graduates, with a 2:1 degree or higher (and preferably a relevant MSc or MRes qualification). International students must also have an IELTS score of 7.0 or above (or equivalent qualification). Background - A 3D in vitro oral tissue will be created for detailed observation of in vivo disease, including analysis of biofilms in infection. The potential efficacy of novel antimicrobial peptides in modulating these infections will be studied and gene expression will be followed using transcriptomic methods using next generation sequencing technologies.

How to Apply If you wish to discuss this project further informally, please contact Dr Vehid Salih (vehid.salih@plymouth.ac.uk) However, applications must be made in accordance with the details shown below.  General information about applying for a research degree at Plymouth University is available at: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/student-life/your-studies/the-graduate-school/applicants-and-enquirers  You can apply via the online application form which can be found at: https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/study/postgraduate and click ‘Apply’.  Please mark it FAO Bernice Wilmshurst, quote the reference number and clearly state that you are applying for a PhD studentship within the PUPSMD  For more information on the admissions process contact Bernice Wilmshurst: pupsmd-researchdegrees@plymouth.ac.uk

Deadline Monday, August 24, 2015

For Details https://www.plymouth.ac.uk

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