Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
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Pictured are samples of kochia, taken Feb. 14. From left, the samples are untreated, treated with Dicamba, and treated with Talinor. From the Dicamba and Talinor samples, the different processes the chemistries use to treat the kochia can be observed. Ashton Gerard/MDN
Weed Control Project By ASHTON GERARD
Staff Writer • agerard@minotdailynews.com
MARCH 2018
Every winter, the North Central Research Extension Center, located south of Minot on U.S. Highway 83, takes samples of different weed seeds in the area and tests what chemicals are most effective to treat unwanted growth throughout the year. This program started about 10 years ago when the greenhouse was constructed. The greenhouse is utilized to test different weed seed sources from around the Minot area for herbicide resistance. The seed sources are evaluated and categorized as either resistant, moderately resistant, slightly resistant or susceptible. See WEED — Page 4
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Weed
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“The greenhouse has been an important tool for evaluating herbicide use in North Dakota,” research specialist Tiffany Walter said. “This research helps the grower or producer know what chemistries are still available to help control the weed sample.” Field weed control studies are conducted in small grains, canola, sunflowers, flax, dry beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, faba beans, corn, soybeans and other crops. They evaluate new herbicides/adjuvants or different uses of existing products in various crops. They also look at the impact of different cultural practices, such as crop rotation and conventional tillage versus no-till, on crop yield, seed quality, weed control and economic feasibility. Ultimately, the goal of the weed control project is to help farmers protect their crops from weeds and, hopefully, save money. The research center has studies that target specific weeds, such as Canada thistle, wild oat, foxtails, kochia, narrowleaf hawksbeard, horseweed and many others. The research center takes requests from growers, co-ops and companies to test weed seeds for chemical resistances. In their studies with wild oat, the research center looked at the response to group 1 and group 2 herbicides. The different groups determine how the herbicide acts on the weed. In each field studied, the Select herbicide, from group 1, had killed almost every sample. Puma, also from group 1, showed that the wild oat was resistant. Though the chemicals are from the same group, they have different chemistries. Walter says it is important to look at the chemistries, not just the trade name. Many growers and producers might think that because a product has a different name, it’s a different chemistry, which isn’t always the case. For green foxtail, the herbicide Raptor, which is a group 2, was most effective in killing off the weed while Puma, a group 1 herbicide, was the
Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS least effective. In recent years, glyphosate resistance issues have been rising in the state. Because of this, the research center does test for glyphosate resistance in kochia. Glyphosate is an herbicide that is applied to the leaves of plants to kill both broadleaf plants and grasses, according to the National Pesticide Information Center. The NPIC says that glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, which is why there is such an uproar in resistance to the chemical. Kochia is a shallow germinating plant, which allows it to be competitive in dry, saline soils. Kochia is most commonly found in the Great Plains and is well-adapted to cultivated, dryland agriculture. With severe infestations and low crop competition, Kochia can cause 100 percent crop loss. Currently in the greenhouse, the research specialists are looking at a kochia sample and were asked to treat with Dicamba and Talinor herbicides to see which chemistry would be better suited for the field. In the kochia samples at the greenhouse, you could see the Dicamba was acting on the kochia, but the Talinor had completely killed the weed. “The difference with herbicides is the timing on them. Some of them act a lot faster than others,” Walter said. “The different chemicals have a different timeline on how it kills (the weed).” When testing, the research specialists will plant the weed seeds, and wait for them to grow. Once the plants have developed, the researchers will spray the plants with the different chemicals they are testing and will evaluate the effectiveness at 10 days and then again at 20 days. When the center has plenty of seed sample, they will test the weeds against every chemistry they can to let the farmers know exactly what resistance has been built up for their fields’ weeds. “Those are the things we look at, because if the grower wants to know one thing, sometimes they may have another issue they aren’t even aware of and sometimes we find out they’re better off than what they originally
thought,” Walter said. Walter says a key to keeping a product effective is rotating chemicals. Rotating between chemistries should help with longevity of a product.
MARCH 2018
Kochia is a troublesome annual weed that is most commonly found in the Great For more information about the Plains. The North Central weed control program, visit the research center’s website at Research Extension Center www.ag.ndsu.edu/NorthCentraltests for glyphosate resistREC, or give them a call at 857ance among kochia and 7677. other weeds. Ashton Gerard/MDN
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Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
MARCH 2018
Ag groups hope to keep NAFTA benefits
Trade pacts boost agricultural exports
Lentils are a about 21,000 metric tons of dry major U.S. export, peas and nearly and much of the crop 12 metric tons of originates in North lentils were Dakota. Photo courshipped to that tesy AGT Food & Incountry last year. gredients. “Most of those exports are coming Submitted Photo out of the Northern Plains.” The N.D. Trade Officer reported North Dakota pulse crops generated $35 million in export activity with Mexico in 2016. Without NAFTA, a 10 percent duty would have been applied to those exports, which is significant, May said. See NAFTA — Page 8
By JILL SCHRAMM
Senior Staff Writer • jschramm@minotdailynews.com
Agricultural groups are hoping their industry will continue to see trade benefits from a re-negotiated North American Free Trade Agreement. The North Dakota Trade Office reports it hasn’t seen anything yet to get concerned about in the negotiations. “So we are fairly confident that the re-negotiation will be positive. There seems to be agreement on all sides,” said Sharon May, director of global business development at the trade office. The biggest concern in agriculture is that talks could cause NAFTA to fall apart or retaliatory actions could be taken against U.S. produce if talks get testy. Tim McGreevy, CEO at the U.S. Dry Pea and Lentil Council, said NAFTA in its current form has been good for the pulse crop industry. “Mexico is a great market for us,” he said, noting
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Neal Fisher
Tim McGreevy
Sharon May
Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 8
NAFTA
MARCH 2018
Continued from Page 7
North Dakota also exported $9 million in barley to Mexico and $1.8 million in barley to Canada in 2016. The state exported $4.2 million in peas and $1.5 million in potatoes to Canada. Data for 2017 data show the value of food-grade oil exports to Canada dropped from $48.6 million in 2016 to $22.8 million in 2017, while vegetables and pulse crops rose from $43.5 million in 2016 to $53.3 million in 2017. May said duties can range from 6 to 11 percent on ag commodities, creating a significant impact on costs if a trade pact isn’t in place. Export of pasta products also would be affected if NAFTA were to go away. NAFTA was signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and took effect on Jan. 1, 1994. NAFTA immediately lifted tariffs on the majority of goods produced and called for the gradual elimination of most remaining barriers to cross-border investment and to the movement of goods and services among the three countries. Concerns from the current U.S. administration have led to re-negotiation of certain aspects of the agreement. “NAFTA has been longstanding,” McGreevy said. “So we are cautious about reopening this agreement and what it may mean for U.S. agriculture and our industry in particular. “We are watching the negotiations closely, trying to make sure we can hang on to the benefits that NAFTA has provided. We know in talking to our buyers down in Mexico, they are certainly concerned about the posi-
An ag producer harvests beans in this photo from the U.S. Dry Pea & Lentil Council. tion the U.S. has taken. That has to certainly encourage them to look at alternative suppliers,” he said. The primary supplier competition in peas and lentils comes from Canada. The United States exports 65 percent of its pea crop and 70 percent of its lentils.
tremendous quality that we bring to the market. It isn’t always the cheapest product but definitely the highest quality. It’s been well received.” North Dakota Corn Growers doesn’t want to see export markets disrupted if NAFTA talks get rocky, ei-
“NAFTA has been long-standing. So we are cautious about re-opening this agreement and what it may mean for U.S. agriculture and our industry in particular.” – Tim McGreevy CEO at the U.S. Dry Pea and Lentil Council
“Our industry relies on strong export markets,” McGreevy said. “We have had increased production here in the U.S. over the last 10 years – about double our acreage. We have been very successful in our export promotion activities. We have
ther. For North Dakota growers, the biggest concern is distiller’s grain shipped to Canada for livestock feed as a byproduct of ethanol plants. Canada is the United States’ sixth largest market for distiller’s grain. “It’s hard to get a better
deal than we have today with NAFTA. We have zero tariff,” said Clark Price, Hensler, who serves on the North Dakota Corn Growers board and on the National Corn Growers’ Feed, Food and Industrial Action team. Price said corn growers are concerned about maintaining Mexico trade because that country has been looking into sourcing corn from other parts of the world. Price, also with the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, said the livestock industry has much at stake, too. Forty percent of the nation’s pork and 30 percent of its beef were exported as meats in 2016 to Canada and Mexico without tariffs. Again, there is concern about retaliatory actions if talks go sour. Mexico had imposed tariffs that affected pork hams several years ago over a trucking dispute. Being able to ship fresh, refrigerated meat across the
Submitted Photo
border is advantageous to both the United States and Mexico, though, so there is motivation to maintain a favorable trade relationship rather than incur the cost and handling challenges of importing and exporting meat to and from farther away markets. Mexico remained the second largest volume market for U.S. meat in 2017, although down 2 percent from 2016, according to the U.S. Meat Export Federation. It was the third largest market in value, up slightly to $979.7 million in 2017. Joe Schuele, vice president of communications for the federation, said Mexico is number one in volume for U.S. pork exports and second for beef, while Canada typically is about the fifth largest market for both products. “We have tariff-free access,” he said. “We are in a good position in the sense
that the red meat industry isn’t really looking to achieve any gains through the NAFTA talks. All agriculture sectors are not that fortunate. Poultry and dairy have longstanding barriers they would like to overcome.” Spring wheat and durum are a small portion of the wheat exported to Mexico, but North Dakota producers have significant interest in trade issues related to wheat and durum coming and going across the Canadian border. Neal Fisher, administrator for the North Dakota Wheat Commission, said U.S. producers would like to see a change in Canada’s wheat grading system, which currently discourages the flow of product north. Fisher said U.S. wheat is discounted to keep it from comingling with Canada’s export stream, but those discounts also put a damper on U.S. producers taking advantage of favorable freight rates to Canadian markets when they occasionally occur. Although that issue could be addressed without reopening NAFTA, a good time to visit the topic is now that NAFTA is being discussed, Fisher said. More significant to wheat farmers, though, is the Trans-Pacific Partnership, he said. The United States pulled away from negotiations and isn’t among the 11 countries signing that agreement. “That was a disappointment,” Fisher said. Australia and Canada, as partners in the agreement, now will have better access to growing Asian markets. Although the United States is considering bilateral talks with other countries on trades, it will be a slow process to arrive at individual agreements with multiple countries, he said.
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Inside Ag MARCH 2018
MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 11
Sleepless nights, hard work, rewards By ELOISE OGDEN
Regional Editor • eogden@minotdailynews.com Healthy live calves make for a good and healthy business for livestock producers. “You’re not going to have your livelihood if you don’t have a healthy calf in the beginning. It helps you all the way through,” said Paige Brummund, who specializes in agriculture and natural resources. NDSU Extension Service sponsored a calving workshop Feb. 22 at the North Central Research Extension Center, south of Minot. Gerald Stokka, NDSU Extension veterinarian, Rachel Wald, McHenry County Ex- Brummund tension agent, and Brummund were presenters. Brummund, in an interview following the workshop, said their calving workshops are quite popular. A cow’s nutrition is very important prior to calving. As the calf is growing in the womb during the last trimester, it increases in size about 70 percent and that decreases the size of the stomach of the cow, Brummund said. For the cow to eat, she said the cow’s food needs to be more nutrient dense because the cow is not able to physically eat as much. Earlier – in the summer or fall – the cows are eating lower quality feeds – feeds lower in energy and lower in protein. “We can’t continue feeding them that the last few months of pregnancy because there’s not enough room for them to eat enough to get what they need. What you want to do is maintain or actually increasing in weight hopefully in that last trimester of pregnancy so nutrient dense feeds is really important,” Brummund said. Cows also need to be in a good body condition score, acHealthy live cording to Brummund. calves make for “That’s on a scale of one to nine and on that scale of one a good and healthy to nine we like them to be in that five or six when they are business for livegoing into calving. That affects the health of the calf, that afstock producers. fects the cow’s ability to rebreed in the spring or the summer Submitted Photo so that’s very important to have healthy cows...,” she said.
Good calving season practices result in healthy cattle
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Calving
MARCH 2018
Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 13
Continued from Page 11
Colostrom’s critical
Colostrom – the first milk that the calf drinks after it’s born – is critical to the newborns. “That colostrom has the antibodies and the immunoglobulins that are needed to help that calf get going,” she said. “In order to have a good colostrom you should have a vaccination protocol where your cows are vaccinated against the diseases that the calf might be susceptible to. A calf needs to get that colostrom within six hours after it’s born because if they don’t they are unable to absorb those antibodies anymore. There’s changes that happen in the stomach and the proteins are able to get to the calf where they need to.” Using the colostrom from another cow or stored colostrom sometimes is necessary. Brummund said about 20 percent of the 50 people attending the workshop said they keep colostrom on hand. She said many people have gone with the convenience of purchasing colostrom. “But the fact of the matter is the best thing that you can do is get colostrom from a cow in your herd already because they have built up antibodies to diseases and the problems that are around – the pathogens that are there in the herd. There’s just no replacement for that cow’s colostrom as good as if it come from that cow or it come from the cow’s herd,” she said. She said the next best thing is to have frozen colostrom on hand. She said the frozen colostrom should be thawed out but should not be thawed in a microwave. “You just want to warm it up in a warm water bath,” she said.
Have facilities ready
Farmers and ranchers are advised to have their facilities ready to go before their calving season – make sure supplies are easy to access, everything is clean and in good repair, and adequate bedding is on hand. “The most important thing is to get those calves dry and keep them
Submitted Photo
From the left, Rachel Wald, McHenry County Extension agent, Paige Brummund, Ward County Extension agent-agriculture and natural resources, and Gerald Stokka NDSU Extension veterinarian, presented a calving workshop Feb. 22 at the North Central Research Extension Center, south of Minot. The calving workshops are quite popular with those who raise cattle. clean. Keep them out of the mud and provide a way for them to stay dry and clean is very important,” Brummund said. Measures should be taken to prevent scours. “Scours is an illness in calves that can be fatal. They get dehydrated, get infected and they can die very easily. They are very susceptible to it but it’s possible to have zero scours on your place or very close to that. A lot of that has to do with facility cleanliness, vaccinations...,” she said.
Sandhills Calving System
A system called the Sandhills Calving System, developed in the Sandhills in Nebraska, is the idea to keep the calves where they were born with their cows and then move the cows that haven’t had their calves yet to a clean
piece of ground. Brummund said all too often it’s easier to move the cow that has calved to a clean piece of ground. “But the idea is that you keep the ones that have already calved where they’re at because they’ve already been exposed to the pathogens and whatnot, and you take the cows that haven’t calved and move them over to a clean pasture or ground. The system is very popular in the Nebraska area, according to Brummund. “Here it’s a little bit trickier. If you don’t calve in the spring or in pasture, it doesn’t work. If you are calving now when it’s 7 degrees outside, you have to have those calves inside. You’ve got to get them warmed up right away. It really only works if you are calving in the spring or summer seasons,” she
said. If calves are born when the weather is cold, it’s very important to get them warmed up right away, Brummund continued. “If you are going to calve in January, February or March when it’s cold out, you got to have a place to get that calf warmed up,” she said. But she said the problem with that is the more calves and cattle put in a small area, the more the diseases are going to spread.
Calving requires good managers
“You have to be a better manager if you’re going to calve. It takes a lot more labor, it takes a lot more work to calve in the winter in North Dakota,” Brummund said. “It’s a life or death situation. If you’re not out there to get that calf warmed
up, you’re going to lose your calf, at minimum you’re going to lose some ears or that sort of thing. “If you get a calf that is cold, warming it up is very important,” she said. She said many people have hotboxes which are boxes with a little heater in them. “You have to make sure you have a thermometer in those so you don’t get them too hot,” she said. She said the fastest way to warm up calves is to put them in a warm water submersion – actually submerge them in 100 degree water to warm them up but it takes a lot of supervision. “That’s in a real emergency situation – you went out, you weren’t expecting this cow to calf and they calved in a blizzard in below zero-type temperatures,” she said. “So it’s very, very important if you’re calving in the winter in North Dakota that you are ready for it, you are prepared, you have the facilities, you have the labor for it. If you don’t, then we would suggest you calve at a time that’s more friendly to a newborn calf which would be in our spring – in AprilMay timeframe,” she said. In this area she said the calving season depends on the goals of the operation. “If you have the barns, you have the facility, maybe you’re calving earlier. A lot of times the purebred breeders are going to calve earlier so their calves are larger and more presentable when it comes to sale time,” she said. “Another reason that we calve early in North Dakota is because a lot of people are diversified operations,” Brummund said. She said they ranch but they also farm so they need to have the cattle done calving so they can get into the field.
The key thing
“The key thing is you want to work with your veterinarian,” Brummund said. “Make sure you have a good working relationship so they can help you when you need it. If you are struggling with a cow that’s having a difficult birth, get it to your veterinarian sooner rather than later for the best survivability of the calf. We really stress that as well.”
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Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 16
Cattle producers ponder dry conditions By KIM FUNDINGSLAND
Staff Writer • kfundingsland@minotdailynews.com Good hayland is important to many North Dakota cattle producers who count on healthy pastures to grow healthy cattle. A problem with pastureland can quickly take a toll on a cattle herd. Alternative feed can be costly too. With that in mind, cattle producers are keenly aware that 2017 proved to be a very dry year in the state’s cattle country. Hoped for winter snows have not occurred and very little snowpack, necessary to replenish soil moisture in pastureland and elsewhere, is on the landscape.
reason for optimism but not much. The forecast indicates the possibility of a “greater than normal” chance of precipitation for the period. However, because March and April historically produces minimal rainfall anyway, the possibility of exceeding normal precipitation totals may not be exactly enough moisture to make a difference in spring pasture growth. According to the National Weather Service rainfall of at least three inches
2017 sold off inventory or moved their herds out of the area where feed was more abundant, it doesn’t appear to have significantly impacted the overall population of cattle in the state. According to the Federal Agriculture Department there were 1.86 million cattle and calves in North Dakota on Jan. 1, 2018, an increase of two percent from the previous year.
at grass.” h t t r a t s ed to sident re we ne u t e vice-pre v is ti o u c m e t x e get tha ociation ful we’ll an’s Ass e m p k c o h to S e r “We a son, ND lie Elling — Ju
The lack of moisture to encourage pasture growth this spring is a growing concern for cattle growers. “We are hopeful we’ll get that moisture we need to start that grass,” said Julie Ellingson, North Dakota Stockman’s Association executive vice-president. “We hope and pray because it is a critical ingredient to our operation. Certainly we don’t have too much water coming off a pretty extreme drought last year.” Long-range weather outlooks covering March through May, issued by the Climate Prediction Center, give some
over normal is needed to bring soil moisture content up to a “normal” range. Given the current trend in precipitation that amount is considered very unlikely to occur in the coming months. North Dakota cattle raisers are not alone in keeping an eye on the sky in the hope that meaningful precipitation arrives soon, in any form, rain or snow. Much of the country is experiencing similarly dry conditions. “There are many dry spots across the country,” noted Ellingson. “This could be a situation that impacts a large portion of the United States.” While many cattle growers in
“A big portion of cattle sales has been in response to the drought,” countered Ellingson. “It has varied across the state. A significant portion of North Dakota got a reprieve with some late season moisture last year. Some didn’t and are in a more dire situation.” Of note is that producers impacted by the drought have additional funding available to them under the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees and Farm-raised Fish Program and the Livestock Indemnity Program. A previous funding cap of $20 million was removed by Congress and signed into law retroactive to Jan. 1, 2017. It is estimated that producers applied for more than $40 million dollars through the programs last year.
MARCH 2018
Inside Ag PAGE 18
MINOT DAILY NEWS
MARCH 2018
Keep stored grain cool during spring, summer Keeping stored grain cool is important as outdoor temperatures fluctuate and eventually start to warm this spring, a North Dakota State University Extension Service grain storage expert advises. “Not only will daytime temperatures be increasing, but the bin works as a solar collector,” Extension agricultural engineer Ken Hellevang says. More heating occurs on the south wall of a grain bin on March 1 than during the middle of the summer. “This heats the grain next to the bin wall to temperatures exceeding average outside temperatures,” Hellevang says. “This is of more concern if the grain exceeds recommended storage moisture contents.” He recommends producers run the aeration fans periodically during the spring to keep the grain temperature cool, preferably near 30 F in the northern part of the country during March and April, and below 40 F in southern regions. Nighttime tempera-
tures typically are near or below 30 F in March and below 40 F in April across the north-central region of the U.S. “Temperature sensors are an excellent tool, but remember that they only measure the temperature of the grain next to the sensor,” Hellevang says. “Because grain is an excellent insulator, the grain temperature may be much different just a few feet from the sensor and not affect the measured temperature.” He encourages placing a temperature cable a few feet from the south wall of a bin. Aeration fans or ducts should be covered when not operating. The wind and a natural chimney effect will push warm, moist spring air through the grain. If the wind blows primarily during the daytime, the grain will be warmed to the daily maximum temperature. Typical maximum temperatures, even in northern states in late March, are in the mid-
40s and increase in late April to around 60 F. Also, grain moisture will increase as the grain is warmed. “The goal for summer storage should be to keep the grain as cool as possible to limit insect activity,” Hellevang says. “Insect reproduction is reduced at temperatures below about 60 F.” Provide an air inlet near the bin roof eave and an outlet near the peak to reduce the hot air in the top of the bin. Similar to venting an attic, the heated air rises and is exhausted at the peak. A ventilation fan to exhaust the hot air is another option. Hot air under the bin roof will heat several feet of grain at the top of the bin to temperatures conducive for insect infestations. Running the aeration fan for a few hours to push air up through the cool stored grain will cool grain near the top. Pick a cool morning every two to three weeks during the summer to
run the aeration fan, and only run the fan a few hours to minimize heating grain at the bottom of the bin. Cover the fan when it is not operating to prevent additional heating of the grain. Having grain at an appropriate warm-season storage moisture content is very important to store grain safely during the summer, according to Hellevang. The maximum moisture content for warm-season storage is 13 to 14 percent for corn, 11 percent for soybeans, 13.5 percent for wheat, 12 percent for barley and 8 percent for oil sunflowers. Mold growth will occur at summer temperatures if the grain exceeds the recommended moisture content. The allowable storage time for 15 percent moisture corn is only about four months at 70 degrees and two months at 80 degrees. Checking the grain moisture content is important because moisture measurements at harvest may have been in error due to moisture gradi-
ents in the kernel, grain temperature and other factors. In addition, the moisture may have changed while the grain was in storage due to moisture migration or moisture entering the bin. When checking the moisture content, follow the moisture meter manufacturer’s procedure for obtaining an accurate moisture measurement. Temperature adjustments, cold grain, inaccurate sample quantity and moisture variations across the kernel frequently cause substantial measurement errors. Verify the accuracy of the measurement by warming the grain sample to room temperature in a sealed plastic bag before measuring the moisture content. A period of six to 12 hours in a sealed container also permits grain moisture to reach equilibrium across the kernels. Compare the on-farm measured value to that of the sample using a meter at the elevator or other market location.
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Inside Ag PAGE 19
MARCH 2018
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Howard Rogersʼ farm is around 3,400 acres of land where he works to raise crops.
Farming is just a family thing
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By SHYANNE BELZER
Jacob Fannik
Staff Writer • sbelzer@minotdailynews.com There is no question that North Dakota is an agricultural state with so many farms sprawling across the land. Many of these farms, the job of being a farmer, and working the land, has been passed from parent to child for a few generations with farming being a family job. One area farm, run by Howard Rodgers, is on to its third generation. Howard Rodgers’ family farm is near Max with around 3,400 acres of land. Farming is something he’s been doing for as long as he can remember. The way of farming and the lifestyle that comes with it has always been something he really enjoyed and always kept going back to. “I attended North Dakota State University and I would come back every summer to help with the farm work. Then I graduated in 1981 and I got married in 1985. I have just always farmed,” said Rodgers. Rodgers currently grows small grains, such as wheat, canola, flax and soy beans. While some farms in North Dakota will also raise cattle, Rodgers said he no longer does, having sold them awhile back. Without cattle, there was no need for a barn, so he took it down. Once the barn was gone, he built a shop where it once stood so he could do some work during the winter. The only animal on the farm now is the fam-
ily’s dog. According to Rodgers, the best part of being a farmer is the special time and opportunities it gives him to spend time and hang out with his kids. “It’s a great time to transfer values and have quality time in a good quantity,” said Rodgers. “There’s a lot of work to be done so we can have a lot of time to do it and it gives me a chance to teach them and pass things along.” Family has always been important to Rodgers, so having the opportunity to be able to work on the farm with them is one of the biggest enjoyments to him. Working on the same goal really brings everyone together, he said. Doing tasks and jobs together makes the family stronger, and as anyone who farms or has farmed knows, there is a lot of time together with all the work that goes into it all. Of his children, one is planning on following in his father’s footsteps. One of his sons will be becoming a fourth generation farmer, taking on the family job. Farming isn’t always an easy job, but it is something that Rodgers takes pride in doing. It isn’t the only activity that Rodgers devotes his time to though. According to his mother, Mary Rodgers, he is also very active in his local church.
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Inside Ag MARCH 2018
MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 21
Clyde Nelson operates a tractor near the intersection of 2800 West and 12th Street as he digs out sandy soil for a retention pond in Ogden, Utah. While the unseasonal weather is allowing local farmers to start plowing fields in February, the American Farm Bureau is lobbying for better access to foreign labor this summer for agriculture. AP Photo
Weber County vegetable farmers dependent on Mexican workers
OGDEN, Utah (AP) — While the unseasonal weather is allowing local farmers to start plowing fields in February, the American Farm Bureau is lobbying for better access to foreign labor this summer for agriculture. The future of farming depends upon a program that allows Mexican seasonal workers to come here and return when the job is done, local farmers say. “My livelihood is dependent on the program,” said Jeremy East, who farms about 300 acres of vegetables in Weber and Davis counties. “It’s important in the vegetable industry because there are no workers here that want to do it.” Jordan Riley — who runs the 200-acre Riley Farms, also known as Nielson’s, in Brigham City — said he wouldn’t know how to fill the void without the skilled foreign workers he employs. Riley said he hires four men from Mexico each year to help him raise peaches, cherries, apples, apricots and plums. “It may be only four guys but it made a differ-
ence to me,” Riley said. “If we had to pick from dawn to dusk, I had four guys who were ready and willing to do the work.” While immigration issues already are at the forefront in the United States, Paul Schlegel said this year’s Congress may have an opportunity needed for 20 years to improve the program that allows farmers to bring foreign seasonal workers. Schlegel, deputy executive director of public policy with the American Farm Bureau, said the program that allows temporary visas for seasonal agricultural work “historically has been cumbersome and difficult.”
DACA ISSUE MAY HELP FARMERS
Attached to legislation addressing DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), an agriculture guest worker act addresses the needs of farmers who are unable to find local workers to fill jobs requiring long hours of skilled labor. See WORKERS — Page 22
Workers
PAGE 22
Continued from Page 21
Proposed by Congressman Bob Goodlatte, R-Virginia, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, House Resolution 4760, called the Securing America’s Future Act of 2018, has a provision to reform the agricultural guest worker program. Currently, the H-2A law only allows foreign agricultural workers for seasonal jobs and offers no help for dairies and other year-round farming operations. Because of much government red tape, the process outlined in the law also delays workers by an average of 22 days in arriving at their American farming destination, said Matt Hargreaves, vice president of communications with the Utah Farm Bureau. Delays in the process of getting workers often have large consequences for farmers, he said. “Crops need to be harvested,”
Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS Hargreaves said. “That needs to happen right away.” While locally, problems with the process so far have not cost farmers the same sizable losses reported elsewhere, the potential is there. The American Farm Bureau last fall created a video about a farmer who lost hundreds of thousands of dollars in expected revenue when he was forced to plow under acres of ripe vegetables harvest because he had no workers to pick the harvest.
LABOR SHORTAGES CREATING LARGE LOSSES
Local farmers quoted monetary figures in the billions for crops left unharvested in American fields last year because of labor shortages. According to the Utah Farm Bureau’s “Issues to Watch for 2018,” immigration reform is a central focus. The list encourages Congress to pass responsible immigration reform that addresses agriculture’s current
experienced workforce and creates a new flexible guest worker program. ‘Instability in the agricultural workforce places our food supply at risk,” states the list. “Increasing immigration enforcement without also reforming our worker visa program will cost America $60 billion in agricultural production.” The list states that farmers and ranchers need a reliable, skilled workforce. “Farm work is challenging, often seasonal and transitory, and it’s not easy to find American workers to take on these jobs,” according to the list. The list states that farm labor can’t all be replaced by machines. “There are certain farm jobs, like tending livestock and pruning or picking fresh produce, which require a human touch,” according to the list. “Where American workers are unwilling or unavailable, workers from other countries have stepped in.” Schlegel said getting the legislation passed will take some work.
“This past week in the House, representatives were asking members where they stand on the bill,” Schlegel said. “There is not enough support today to pass the House. That’s not a big surprise.” Listening sessions to garner support would continue, Schlegel said. While suggested changes in the bill appear to be positive, local farmers still worry that more problems could be created in the process, further limiting their chances at efficiently hiring foreign labor. East said if he can’t use the H-2A to hire foreign workers, he’ll have to change his vegetable operation completely around and plant sweet corn, green beans or hay, crops that can be harvested using automated systems. Riley said switching his operation would not be feasible within a few years. “With fruit trees, you are at least five years invested in them before you start to get a crop,” he said.
MARCH 2018 LOCAL WORKER UNINTERESTED Kenny McFarland, who farms vegetables on 250 acres in Weber County, said the H-2A law already provides assurances that no local jobs are lost in the process of hiring foreigners for the jobs. In four years of running ads for local workers to do what his foreign workers do, he said he didn’t get one response from someone wanting the work. “We got so desperate quite a few times that we would go to the shelter to get people and it would be different people every day,” McFarland said. “It’s a difficult way to run a business because you would be retraining people every day.” But through the H-2A program, McFarland said he gets “amazing people” from Mexico to help him on his farm. “They do an amazing job,” he said. “They are clean cut. They want to work.”
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Inside Ag MINOT DAILY NEWS
MARCH 2018
PAGE 25
Perdue to food box critics: Give the idea a chance WASHINGTON (AP) — Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue on Feb. 22 defended a proposal that would replace a portion of food stamp benefits with pre-assembled boxes of shelf-stable goods delivered to recipients’ doorsteps — an idea one lawmaker called “a cruel joke.” The idea was first floated earlier last month in the Trump administration’s 2019 budget proposal, tucked inside a larger plan to slash the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, by roughly $213 billion — or 30 percent— over the next 10 years. The backlash was fierce and immediate, from nutrition experts, advocacy organizations and lawmakers alike. Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Mass., top Democrat on the House Agriculture Nutrition Subcommittee, said the proposal is “cruel and demeaning and an awful idea” that would strip families of the ability to choose which groceries they buy. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., wrote on Twitter that as a single mother who once relied on food stamps: “I can’t overstate how offensive this proposal is. Low-income families need more access to fresh produce & healthy foods, not less.” Rachel Millard, a spokeswoman for House Agriculture Committee Chair Mike Conaway, R-Texas, said that the committee had heard from more than 80 experts during 21 hearings on SNAP, and none mentioned the idea of a food box. Speaking to reporters after delivering the keynote speech at USDA’s largest annual meeting, Perdue recognized that the idea took members of Congress by surprise, but said his staff consulted with a variety of experts while developing the plan.
AP Photo
Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington. Perdue is defending a proposal that would cut food stamp benefits in half and replace them with a pre-assembled box of shelf-stable goods delivered to recipientsʼ doorstep, an idea one lawmaker called “a cruel joke.” “Our food nutrition group, I challenged them to come up with new ideas about how we could do more. How can we get a healthy, nutritious staple diet to people who need that? They were creative in their approach,” Perdue said, adding that his staff “consulted with people in the delivery business, people in the food bank business who do this on a regular basis. And there’s a lot more consulting to do.”
Perdue said the plan is a work in progress, but it is fundamentally rooted in the idea that new technology can create opportunities. “Think about the box of staples being delivered to the home,” he said. “There are a lot of advantages here and I believe if people will listen to us I can talk about those advantages, and give them an opportunity to find holes in the program. But this is a new idea, it’s inno-
vative and we have to determine to work out the details.” Michigan Sen. Debbie Stabenow, top Democrat on the Senate agriculture committee, said the plan, dubbed America’s Harvest Box, “isn’t a serious proposal.” But Perdue said that although it would likely be “very difficult to roll out” nationwide, he is committed to continuing to talk about the idea with Democratic and Republican members of Congress. He added that he sees a potential partnership with the U.S. Postal Service, and a possible scenario in which families have a chance to choose which foods go into their box each month. He said he hopes Congress will allow the department to develop a pilot program. “There are a lot of things to talk about, and rather than just dismissing it offhand let’s decide how we can improve,” Perdue said. “And if Congress would allow us to have a pilot, we’d welcome that and demonstrate what we can do.” Millard said the House committee will “do due diligence” to consider all proposals related to SNAP. “We’d have to see if we can pull something like that off, and if we could, does it make the most sense?” she said. The administration’s budget proposed massive cuts to USDA. It included a plan to tighten work restrictions for SNAP recipients by scaling back states’ ability to grant waivers and raising the age limit for recipients exempt from the work requirement. USDA said it will begin soliciting public comments Friday regarding potential changes to the department’s rules for able-bodied SNAP recipients without children.
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Inside Ag MARCH 2018
MINOT DAILY NEWS
PAGE 27
Minnesota farm has exotic animals HOUSTON, Minn. (AP) — When you arrive on the Buffalo Gal property in Houston, Minnesota, it’s hard to miss the one-ton bison standing on the left side of the road. However, on the right, on the side of the hill, just below the chapel, is a grave. In that grave lies Cody, the namesake of the bison on the left side of the road named Cody Two. Cody was almost 20 years old when he died, a death that devastated owner Mike Fogel, who had treated Cody like a pet, even raising him as a calf inside the house. Both Codys, he said, took on dog-like behaviors. At Buffalo Gal, they sell a variety of unique meats — different bison cuts, Scottish highlander, elk, lamb, yak, and wild boar. Buffalo Gal is the last farm in Minnesota to raise wild boar. Today, Buffalo Gal is also home to a camel and a muster of peacocks
roam the grounds. But Fogel started the operation with a single bison in Wisconsin in 1976. Slowly Fogel, and his business, previously named Fogel’s Buffalo Basin, gained a reputation, even being part of a Playboy magazine article about exotic meats. Once while visiting Denver, Fogel saw a man riding a bison in a rodeo. After the rodeo, Fogel approached the man, hoping to learn more about how to tame bison enough to ride them. The man’s advice: forget it. “He said, ‘no, you can’t do it,’” Fogel told Agri News. But Fogel would not be deterred. Not long after the Playboy article, Fogel met a wealthy man who was looking for someone who shared his enthusiasm for bison. He found Fogel, who went to Montana to oversee a herd of 650 bison on the man’s
60,000-acre farm. After four years on the farm, and the death of the wealthy man, Fogel moved to his current home in Houston. Soon, Cody was trained and ready, and Fogel began walking him in parades and attended the Minnesota State Fair, where a news channel featured him. Fogel soon received a call from Tig Productions, a production company owned by actor Kevin Costner. The company wanted to know if Cody would be interested in being in “Dances with Wolves,” the eventual winner of seven Academy Awards in 1991. In truth, Fogel had no idea if Cody could stay still on the set. But he decided to try it anyway. As it turns out, Cody was a natural. From there, both Cody and Cody Two would be in movies and com-
mercials, as well as walk in numerous parades. While both Codys appear to be tame, Fogel said they should be treated as wild animals that could do serious harm. “They’re very aggressive, especially when you get them in a corner,” Fogel said. “When you start pushing them and confining them, you gotta have good facilities. They can jump, they’re very powerful, they’re very fast. They look slow ... they’re not.” Between the Houston farm, and the Wisconsin farm run by one of his sons, the Fogels oversee 125 bison, including a herd of white bison in Wisconsin. Lately, Fogel has been reflecting on his operation and the life he’s built. Last year, a documentary crew from “Barcroft Animals,” a British TV
show, interviewed people from around the world who raise potentially dangerous animals like bears, tigers and bison. The crew filmed for four days and finally Fogel had an answer as to why he raises potentially lethal animals. “I reflected on Cody over the years and all the experiences and what he did,” Fogel said with his voice cracking and tears welling in his eyes. “Around here, everything is Cody ... because of him, that’s where I get where I am really.” While the bison didn’t grow up around they family, they eventually became a part of it, he said. “I could see why I do it. It’s brought the family and everyone closer together,” Fogel said. Still, when asked if he would recommend raising bison in the way he has, Fogel repeated the words of the man in Denver: “Forget it.”
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