Framing Stories: Developing a MMIWG2S Story Map Library Final Report Sophia Xiao and Lulu Russell 11.171/11.271 Indigenous Environmental Planning, Spring 2022 Table of Contents Land Acknowledgement 1 Team Members and Project Partner 1 Project Overview: Purpose and Goals 3 Background / Literature Review 4 Process Description 9 End of Semester Project Status 12 Conclusions and Next Steps 20 References 22
Land Acknowledgement
Team Members & Project Partner
Project Partner: Kristin Welch, MIT Solve Indigineous Communities Fellow Kristin Welch (she/her), Naeqtum Metaemoh, is Menominee, Irish, German and is of the Marten Clan. As founder and Executive Director of Waking Women Healing Institute, she hopes to help uplift traditional matriarchal roles through connection to identity and land She is also a member of the Wisconsin Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women Taskforce. She is passionate about healing justice for Indigenous women and girls around the issues of sexual violence, Water protection, and MMIW She has 8 years’ experience in systems change, resiliency and healing work, and Indigenous life span models for wellness. Her work has involved creating safe spaces for survivors that are founded in indigenous ways of being, just, and equitable She utilizes relationship based Indigenous wellness models that offer pathways to healing and recovery work within tribal communities and for those who serve Indigenous peoples. Her position as the Executive director of WWHI allows her to facilitate and coordinate land based wellness services such as: Teaching Lodge, Women’s Circles, Resiliency 1
This project was developed largely at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology which exists on the unceded territory of the Wampanoag Nation, and is also the traditional land of the Massachusett Tribe. We acknowledge these Indigenous Peoples as the traditional stewards of the land, and the enduring relationship that exists between them and their traditional territories We acknowledge the painful history of genocide and forced occupation of their territory, and recognize the harm of the institute in this ongoing process of colonization.
Lulu Russell Lulu Russell is an undergraduate at MIT majoring in experimental physics with a concentration in science policy. Their physics research has included using climate models to predict how climate change will impact extreme heat events in the North American Arctic. In addition to, and more importantly than, their love for physics, they are passionate about a broad set of interests including writing, art, theater, activism, social and climate justice, and the intersections of all of these things. They want to spend their time helping to integrate science and data collection with information sharing and storytelling in ways that are meaningful for people and drive change for communities cross geographically and laterally.
Trainings, and Indigenous Wellness Workshops. Her strengths of strategic planning, group facilitation, and wellness knowledge have helped form instrumental partnerships with local agencies; and together they are working to create a new pathway to resiliency, wellness, and care for indigenous peoples.
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Sophia Xiao Sophia is in her third year in the concurrent Master of Landscape Architecture and Master of Design Studies programs at Harvard Graduate School of Design. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Landscape Architecture with Distinction in Research from Cornell University. Sophia’s research interest is about urban land as common resources for urban communities, the collaborative structure to govern the commons, and how the commons can be adapted to the future climate. It has made her fascinated by the indigenous people’s understanding of the land and more aware of the deeply embedded social and environmental justice issues.
Project Overview: Purpose and Goals In alignment with the goals of the Waking Women’s Healing Institute, we have collaborated on a connected set of media frameworks which work to uplift the stories and voices of water protectors, survivors of colonial and gender based violence, and families of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and 2 Spirit people. Over the course of Spring 2022, our team worked to combine personal testimonies, written messages, art, images, videos, sound recordings, quotes, and geographic storytelling into story collections about issues surrounding MMIW and the protection of land, water, and people. Interactive maps are used to connect our stories, issues, and solutions to the land as well.
The product is a live online library which is a constantly growing collection of interactive Story Maps to uplift voices and ignite healing. We hope to collect stories of indigenous survivors, MMIW Family members, water protectors, and acts of healing and justice from around the Great Lakes. We also hope the library will be built for collaboration with members of the community who may wish to design and contribute their own story maps.
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Data shows that Indigenous women are at significantly higher risk of experiencing sexual assault, domestic violence, trafficking and murder than non indigenous women
The Sovereign Body Institute (SBI) collected data on MMIWG cases in the Dakotas, Montana and Nebraska, as part of an effort to expose the relationship between violence against land and violence against indigenous bodies Their report revealed that “in November 2019, in Montana and Nebraska Indigenous girls represented 37% and 13% of all missing girls, respectively, even though Indigenous people as a whole represent 6% and 1% of statewide populations” Of the 411 MMIWG cases documented by the SBI in the Dakotas, Montana and Nebraska, 20% occurred in or adjacent to counties which the Keystone XL pipeline is proposed to cross. [1] Violence, abuse, trafficking and murder more severely target young girls and women; 31% of the 411 cases were girls under the age of 18, and 40% under the age of 21. It is especially important to recognize the complex systems that enable these historical and ongoing patterns of violence As pointed out in the SBI report, “Contrary to these public campaigns that largely center random acts of violence, sex trafficking often occurs as part of a broader nexus of abuse and exploitation, at times intersecting with the child welfare system, domestic and intimate partner violence, housing precarity, and poverty.” [1]
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG, sometimes MMIWG2S to include Two Spirit people) is an enduring issue with a long history rooted in racism, gender based violence, and settler colonialism (Welch, 2022). The scars and sufferings are long lasting on the survivors, victims’ families, and tribal members, and the survivors and families display tremendous strength in their journeys of surviving and healing.
Research also shows us the nationwide problem with underreporting and underaddressing the problem of missing and murdered indigenous women and girls. As 4
Background / Literature Review
Revisiting the concerning connection between violence against land and against indigineous women and girls, activists have spoken out about the dangers of large construction projects like oil pipelines which bring in a large influx of temporary workers housed in “man camps.” A study on the Bakken oil fields of North Dakota and Montana found “reports of aggravated assault and of violence committed by strangers increased by 70% and 53%, respectively, and that women experienced a 54% increase in unlawful sexual contact.”
“Until there is cooperation and better tracking systems at all government levels, the data on missing and murdered Indigenous women will never be 100 percent accurate, which is what we need to strive for in order to protect our mothers, daughters, sisters, and aunties.”
Abigail Echo Hawk (Pawnee), Director, Urban Indian Health Institute
shown in the report issued by Urban Indian Health Institute, there were 5,712 cases of MMIWG reported in 2016, but only 116 of them were logged in the US Department of Justice’s federal missing person database, NamUs (UIHI, 2017). [2] Local law enforcement agencies routinely conduct poor investigations, and searches for the missing are inadequate or non existent. Additionally, since the Oliphant vs. Suquamish Supreme Court decision in 1978, Tribal courts do not have jurisdiction over non native offenders, and so Federal courts are responsible for prosecution of non Native offenders in MMIWG cases.
[1] Man camps are also associated with an increase in human trafficking; The Enbridge Line 3 replacement project in Minnesota saw 4 contractors arrested in two separate sex trafficking stings. These increased rates of violence follow the patterns of colonization in targeting indigenous women and girls. This issue is particularly salient right now in Wisconsin where WWHI is based. Enbridge is seeking approval from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR)l 5
The Department of Justice is often negligent in pursuing justice and providing adequate support for survivors and the families of victims. Deficiencies in the reporting and investigation of MMIW cases exacerbate the systemic failure on all levels on the prevention, enforcement and justice of the issue of MMIW.
to build a reroute of Line 5 around the Bad River Reservation. Line 5 currently crosses the Bad River Reservation but the easement expired in 2013, while Enbridge has continued to operate, trespassing on the land of the Chippewa Tribe. The proposed reroute, while circumventing the reservation, significantly increases risk to the Bad River watershed, which would put land, people, and wildlife at risk and violate the treaty rights of the Chippewa people to hunt, fish, and grow wild rice (Manoomin) on the land. The DNR is in the process of reviewing the Draft Environmental Impact Statement of the project, and recently closed their public comment period, during which they held public hearings for live testimony. The 10 hour public hearing on February 2nd was attended by water protectors from not only the great lakes area but around the country, and was a day of moving, emotional stories and powerful expressions of resistance. We include here two examples of moving testimonies which eloquently express the recurring concerns and complaints from indigenous water protectors. First, the testimony of (english name) Joe Bates, who was an invaluable partner and contributor to the project. The second testimony is from Daniel Guzman, a councilman of the Oneida Nation.
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My English name is Joe Bates and I live and work on the Bad River Reservation. I'm also a member of the Anishinaabe Environmental Protection Alliance committee. It's a committee approved by a tribal council concerned about the proposed reroute of Line 5 Currently Line 5, across 12.3 miles of reservation, we have 101 confirmed anomalies by Enbridge themselves What's alarming is what kind of anomalies we're looking at over 645 miles from Superior to Sarnia, Canada. And now the DNR is looking at adding another 141 miles of potential anomalies within the Bad River watershed I'm concerned about the methods that Enbridge is going to use, which concerns or includes you have to excuse me. It's late I know. Since 4 00 PM, I've been sitting here on my 65th trip around the sun waiting to have my few minutes to speak. Thank you very much. What I'm concerned about is blasting over 20 miles across a bedrock that we have here in Northern Wisconsin, the trenching that they're going to be doing through some of our class one trout streams, which includes the Lawrence and Potato River, right at the confluence, right there They want to trench across that trout stream I'm concerned about all of the other streams that Enbridge is going to cross in this 41 mile reroute, where they all empty into the Bad River And any kind of break that Enbridge suffers in that pipeline, it's going to end up in those deep gorges down on the south end. And it all goes to Lake Superior. 20% of the world's fresh water resides right here in our Great Lakes, 10% in the Lake Superior alone.
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I'm concerned about our animals, our plants, our medicines that have grown here since the beginning, since the beginning. My ancestors have died to keep what we have here for generations to come And I will also uphold those same promises that my ancestors made to our grandchildren and our great grandchildren that are still to come. Enbridge has been doing what they wanted to do by buying legislation in favor of a foreign company and forcing their will through treaty lands, which I have seen with my own eyes in Standing Rock, North Dakota in Minnesota and now they're trying to do it here in Northern Wisconsin We will defend our right to exist here in Northern Wisconsin on the Bad River Reservation. Thank you for hearing me.
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We also believe that disruption to the natural habitat, the wetlands and the waterways could potentially have some devastating environmental impacts to endangered species, researchers within the Great Lakes, fish and wildlife have stated that their surveys have fallen more endangered species than what the pipelines consultants found and are very concerned about the loss of rare plants and animals Water quality impacts of an oil spill on aquatic systems at the spill site and downstream would again be devastating No amount of money, jobs or profit will cover the cost of destroying mother earth and all of her resources. This project and others like it are irresponsible, destructive, shortsighted, unsustainable, and should be considered a heinous crime against the rights of nature and humanity.
My name is Daniel Guzman King. I'm a Councilman of the Oneida Nation, and I'm speaking on behalf of the Oneida Nation and those who cannot speak for themselves I would like to express our concerns relative to the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Enbridge Line 5. [Moderator: Daniel, before your comment, can you just state your address for the record please?] No, I cannot I stood on the front lines of the Dakota Access Pipeline and got shot at, tear gassed. I also protested at the front lines of Line 3 and will protest at Line 5 if this goes through. So I will not. Thank you. The Oneida Nation has reviewed Enbridge's proposed plan for the construction of PipeLine 5 and determined that the proposed construction poses a threat to tribal lands, environment treaty rights, historical cultural sites, and waters in the upper Mississippi watershed and the Western Great Lakes. Many sovereign nations and indigenous communities live and rely upon the lands along the proposed pipeline, which poses a threat to indigenous way of life. And the proposed line could disproportionately impact indigenous people, threaten resources critical to the survival of indigenous communities and exacerbate the already profound disparities in health access and outcomes that tribal communities face. The Oneida will understand that water provides sustenance to all life on earth, including the land. And the threat of pollution to the land and waters is too great a risk that it is unacceptable to our people. The Draft Environmental Impact Statement has flaws that are of great importance First, the EIS fundamentally misrepresents the treaty rights of the tribes. The Oneida Nation knows that the 1842 Treaty with the Chippewa Nation affects more than a few indigenous communities listed in the EIS. As a matter of fact, many of the Chippewa Nations not just in Wisconsin, hold use of rights within the seated territory of the 1842 Treaty Each tribe deserves to be accurately represented and given adequate consideration of the impacts This proposed pipeline will have to not only their treaty rights, but also to the livelihood of their people. We believe that the EIS does not contain enough data to determine what the impacts downstream could be if there was a spill. The Oneida Nation is absolutely concerned about this as Enbridge has not had a great history in this arena As already stated, many tribal communities rely upon our waters for resource, including for sustenance. We believe that the EIS barely scratches the surface as to the potential impacts to the environment. It does not consider or address climate change vulnerabilities that are anticipated to occur relative to rainfall, flooding events, changes in Lake Superior coastal dynamics and watershed vulnerabilities For example, there are significant natural changes occurring to Lake Superior relative to coastal erosion on the south side of the lake, due to the lake's north side, natural rising. This is a naturally changing environment in which the EIS is not addressed, but could be detrimental to the largest freshwater lake in the world.
At the beginning of the semester, to draft comments for DEIS, we watched the online public hearing of the Line 5 Re route. We listened to the testimonies and took notes. Among them, there were a lot of life stories local communities told about their relationship to the water and environment and the advocacies made by the water protectors about how the land and water are tightly related to indigenous peoples' life and culture. From the literature reviews, we learned the long lasting history of the MMIW issue and how it was deeply rooted in colonialism. We started to understand why the infrastructural projects, such as the Line 5 Pipeline, were laid out in this way, how they systematically disenfranchised the Indigenous peoples, and in what ways they triggered more MMIW2S issues.
1. Gain Familiarity with MMIW Stories, Knowledge, and History, and Get ready objectively and subjectively.
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Process Description
Through meetings with Kristin, looking into the WWHI website and their social platforms, and reading news articles and event recordings, we realized the specificity and level of details that our work is supposed to be. We also learned that this work required an enormous amount of empathy and care. And because of that, we should not just regard ourselves as outsiders to provide technical support but have to be mentally prepared, feel the pain, join the group, and be fully engaged. For Native Americans, oral histories and storytelling play an essential role in transiting different generations' life experiences and wisdom. Therefore, closely listening to stories and narrating them are keys to understanding and channeling existing cultural values and ways of knowing and sharing information. With the projects going on, we further understood these projects' real goals: to use the multiple ways to frame people's stories and increase the MMIW2S issue's visibility rather than completing a school project that shows the workload and technical difficulties.
2. Figure out the storytelling approaches for the online story maps for the Earth Day project and MMIW.
3. Prepare questions and conduct interviews Kristin helped us to connect to the MMIW families and water protectors. We have had an interview with Melissa Pamp, the mother of an MMIW victim, Nangohs Massey. We will have more Zoom interviews with survivors or families who have suffered from MMIW2S and water protectors to collect stories about how they managed to speak out and increase their voice. Kristin traveled the week of April 11 to support a family at a prosecution hearing. She planned to conduct interviews with fellow WWHI members before the visit and interviews with the family & community while she was there. She also planned to record images, sounds, and locations of significance during the visit to be included in the multi media environment of the story map. Before the interview with Melissa, we prepared questions to help facilitate the conversation around the topic of her and her daughter's story, the ways to find supporters and platforms to resist and advocate, and the processes for her to heal.
Our first attempt to use the ArcGIS story map was for the Earth Day project, Protect Land, Water, and People. Stop Line 5. We linked each photo we got along Line 5 with a note and its geographical information. In this way, each piece of the story became evidence, data, and a claim for preserving the land.
4. Incorporate materials from the interviews and frame the overarching Story Library website 10
Thus we continued to use a story map for MMIW stories. Nangonhs Massey's Storymap set a prototype for future use. By tracing the critical moments of her story with exact locations in a temporal order and combining each spot with drawings, videos, sounds, and texts, a victim of MMIW has become a vivid person to the viewers. Incorporating Nangonhs' stories before the murder and the healing and resistance processes after the murder that Nangonhs' mother, Melissa Pamp, has gone through into one story map clarifies that all the before and after are interwoven. There is power originating from the past that can exert agency for change in the future.
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The interview with Melissa provided us with direct sources of materials like quotes, video clips, sounds, and stories with more details. This information can be incorporated into the story map and the conceptual structure of the guidebook. In addition, we created a landing page that brought all the separate projects we did together as an overarching story library to increase awareness of the MMIW2S issues and advocate for protecting land and people. This website also includes our experience and thoughts about what we, as the initial outsiders of the MMIW issues, are doing to help and join the overall resistance story.
2. Protect Land and Protect People: the advocacy for decommissioning the projects that infringe on sovereignty like Enbridge Line 5 and the strategies to increase the volume and visibility of the issues, to resist the current obstacles, and to prevent the MMIW2S issues from happening.
3 About Us: Lulu and Sophia’s story of participating in the projects, lessons learned from the experience, and thoughts on how outsiders can join the group and help. Below you can see the landing page of the MMIWG2S Story Map Library and the beginning of the collection.
End-of-Semester Project Status 1 Overarching Structure: MMIWG2S Story Library1 We created this website as the landing page and an overarching structure of a constantly growing collection of interactive Story Maps to uplift voices and ignite healing We hope to collect stories of indigenous survivors, MMIW Family members, water protectors, and acts of healing and justice from around the Great Lakes to connect our story, issues, and solutions to the land. It includes three sections that complement each other to tell the whole story of resistance: 1 MMIW Stories: the individual personal stories that the MMIW Family members would like to share with the public.
1 MMIW2S Story Library: https://arcg.is/1inuna 12
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2. Comment on Draft Environmental Impact Statement2 2 How to Comment on a DEIS: https://arcg is/4Cmqr 14
There were 10 hours of verbal comments presented by citizens at a virtual public hearing on February 2, which we listened to and organized into a set of main concerns. We also conducted a technical analysis of the DEIS and identified several areas of inadequacy which aligned with the concerns of the stakeholders who spoke at the hearing. We wrote up a set of comments which highlighted the deficiencies of the DEIS augmented with quotes from the testimonies. We shared this analysis with Kristin and the Wisconsin MMIW Taskforce, who used our comments to help inform their feedback to the Wisconsin DNR.
The first stage of the collaboration with Waking Women’s Healing Institute was a written comment to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed Enbridge Line 5 Relocation Project. The proposed re route would route the oil line around the watershed of the bad river reservation, risking massive damage to the entire area, violating land rights and endangering people, wildlife, food resources, and land.
The process of performing a technical analysis of the DEIS was new for both of us and gave us insight into the strategies for efficiently targeting the weaknesses of a document such as this. Although the assignment of analyzing a 350 page document is daunting, it is not necessary to closely read the entire thing, but rather it is more effective to identify the assumptions and choices made in the analysis and highlight the information that is excluded by those choices. The choices to examine can be separated into these 6 main categories: 1. Which alternatives are included 2. Scope of area of impact 3. Scope of timeline of impact 4. Indices of impact 5. Weighting of submeasures of each index 6 Measures for mitigation By highlighting any deficiencies in these choices, we can argue that the DEIS cannot possibly be considered complete until they address these omissions, and thus they must rewrite a more complete draft of the EIS. 15
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3. Earth Day Story Map to resist the Line 5 project As another aspect of our work to resist the Line 5 project, we published a story map on Earth Day that honors the land and shares images and stories of its connections to wildlife, people, culture, and history. The story map is titled “Protect Land, Water, and People; Stop Line 5” and is publicly available at the link below 3 The materials for the story map came from crowdsourced contributions of photos, videos, art, and stories, tagged with a location they were associated with We set up a channel for the public to continue sending in materials, and we intend to continue adding contributions in addition to incorporating more of the powerful testimonies from the public hearing. Below we include some visuals from the storymap, including the landing page, some exposition of the issue at hand and guidance on resistance, and the map itself. 3 Protect Land, Water, and People; Stop Line 5 https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/274f97a1df7b4d5da715c7a9a038b666
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On November 16, 2020, less than 2 months after moving into her new apartment, Nangonhs was fatally stabbed in the doorway of her own home while her son slept The attacker was Kaden Gilbert, a non indigenous woman Because the attacker was not a tribal member, the incident was excluded from the jurisdiction of tribal law enforcement, instead being handled by the Mount Pleasant Police Department, who severely mishandled the crime The crime scene was never roped off, Nangonh’s son was left at the crime scene, Nangonhs (and not her attacker) was the only one who received a toxicology screening, and Nangonh was brought to the hospital as a Jane Doe even after being identified by multiple bystanders Her injuries were not taken as seriously as they should have been, and she passed away that night with her mother at her side. The last 2 years have been a difficult and emotional journey for her family, including her mother Melissa Pamp, who fought continuously for justice for her daughter, through countless barriers and delays, and kept showing up with the support of her community We are in discussions with Melissa to document her daughter’s life and her journey through the search for justice, healing and beyond, and will follow her continuing work to uplift young indigineous mothers like Nangonhs and other MMIW families Below you can see some of the imagery that has gone into the story map.
4. Story map4: The life of Nangonhs Ba Massey and her family’s journey
The first individual story we have worked on is that of Nangonhs Ba Massey, who was an artist, water protector, musician, friend, daughter, sister, and mother Nangonhs was born in 1999 in Petoskey, Michigan, a member of the Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Indians. In 2020, Nangonhs was 21 years old, and had a 2 year old son, Miigwan Ezra Sprague, who was her entire world She was a devoted, caring mother, independently taking care of her son and moving into her first apartment with him in October 2020. She was excited and looking forward to this new stage in her life, and planned on attending college
4 Nangonhs Ba Massey Story Map: https://arcg.is/0S4uj5 18
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This project is incredibly meaningful and is not, and never will be, “complete.” We hope we have initiated a platform for storytelling which will grow to include many more calls for justice, journeys of healing, and pathways for awareness Lulu and Sophia are continuing to work on developing and adapting the library to try to fit the goals of the community and families, and incorporating more of the many testimonies and materials that belong in the library However, in addition to our [MIT Team’s] continuing development work, it is imperative to all of us that the MMIWG2S Story Map Library be communally owned and operated by WWHI and the broader community of MMIWG2S activists The goal is to share knowledge of and familiarity with the platform with interested individuals who could act as moderators, spokespeople, and points of contact to anyone who wishes to contribute. We would like to take a moment to highlight some of the many takeaways and lessons we feel lucky enough to have learned over the last few months, with Maec Waewaenen to Kristin. Firstly, investing in building the relationship with our project partner and extending that relationship beyond to other members of her community was an essential first step that cannot be bypassed to make authentic progress on the project. We do wish we had better taken initiative for establishing broader connections; we should have asked for contact information and reached out directly to our other resources and interviewees much earlier. At the same time, the process of immersing ourselves, empathizing and absorbing the stories, concerns, values, and hopes of the people involved is one that takes time We found it incredibly meaningful to take the journey slowly of sitting with these stories, the pain and anger and frustration, but also the healing and the fighting and the solidarity. We still feel deeply unprepared for the daunting goal of authentically engaging in our conversations with the family members of the missing and murdered, when we are aware we cannot ever empathize deeply enough to understand the pain they carry with them. But we are so grateful we’ve gained the start of an understanding of the importance of approaching these conversations first and foremost as the forming of connections. Though our anxious instinct may be to establish connection
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Conclusions and Next Steps
within the framework of the work we're doing, we believe it is worth the patience to push the "project" to the back burner and rather invest time in speaking person to person and fostering those ties first, then build from that authentic basis.
While feedback, ideas, and possible suggestions are essential to the design process, instructors should be careful not to project their perspectives and desires onto the core message of the project, or its central strategies. We felt confident enough to resist these directions in our case, and were supported by our client partner. However, future students will have varying levels of confidence in weighing the instructions of a professor and deciding to go against them in alignment with the core values of a project.
Looking forward, we are excited to continue this work for the intended communities, help share these stories that are so important, and enable a space for building connections for healing. In addition, the future of this work may include further engagement with and incorporation of data. We would like to end by saying maec waewaenen (thank you so much) to Kristin Welch, Melissa Pamp, Joe Bates, and the many other activists and elders that work with WWHI and contributed to our project, as well as the teaching staff Dení Lopez, Gabriella Carolini and Lawrence Susskind.
During this project, we noticed that the professors sometimes firmly projected opinions on our project that went directly against the wishes of the client. In our case, this meant instructions to center our story as MIT students working on the project, and focus our messaging towards an audience of non indigenous allies. We think it’s very important that the instructors recognize their positionality as someone in a position of power over their students with a limited view of the specific needs and goals of the client community.
In line with what we’ve learned over the last few months and our goals for our continuing collaboration, we also wish to offer some feedback and possible considerations for the future iterations of the Indigenous Environmental Planning class. Since gaining an appreciation for the process of building connection and understanding over time, we are confident that even with the best intentions, without having spent this time we could not have anything close to our existing appreciation for the honored values, goals, and traditions which are at the core of this work. Similarly, instructors of the class who have not had the opportunity to work so closely with the individual project will inevitably approach the goals of the project from their perspective as an outside educator.
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References [1] Lucchesi, Annita, Fisher, Aron, and Gali, Jennifer. “Zuya Wicayuoniha: Honoring Warrior Women.” published by Sovereign Bodies Institute. [2] Lucchesi, Annita, and Abigail Echo Hawk n d “Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women & Girls. A Snapshot of Data from 71 Urban Cities in the United States.” Our Bodies, Our Stories Seattle, Washington: Urban Indian Health Institute A Division of the Seattle Indian Health Board. [3] Public Hearing On Draft Env. Impact Statement for Enbridge's Proposed Line 5 Relocation Project. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTljIAY6yJs [4] Welch, K. (2022, February 18). Missing and murdered. ArcGIS StoryMaps. Retrieved April 17, 2022, from https://storymaps arcgis com/stories/da680b91fbf8413095643172d4e358c9 [5] Waking Women’s Healing Institute About us Retrieved April 17, 2022, from https://www.wakingwomenhealingint.org/page 18053 [6] Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Proposed Enbridge Line 5 Relocation Project. Vol I: Draft EIS. December 2021. 22
