Sarah Lerm DRC_Potential in the void by RMIT Landscape Architecture

Po t e n t i a l

in the

Re va l u ing

site as

VOI D Open Space

S a r a h L e r m - s 3 2 3 8 995

RMIT U n i v e r s i t y - 2013 Masters in L andsca p e Architecture

Po t e n t i a l

in the

Re va l u ing

site as

VOI D Open Space

S a r a h L e r m - s 3 2 3 8 995

Project Summary

The project summary allows the position for the design research to be created. It also highlights the intention for the research and sets the scene for the type of work that is to follow.

“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” - Albert Einstein “Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.” - Zora Neale Hurston “Good design must primarily serve people.” - Thomas J. Watson

Research Title -

Research Abstract -

Potential in the VOID

Melbourne’s

CBD

increasingly

becoming more dense, dominated by high-rise

residential provide

developments,

Research Sub Title-

which

revenue

key

Revaluing site as Open Space

maximum yield from the site, resulting

stakeholders. The investors desire in building footprints which take up most of the land. While waiting

Research Question -

for development to begin on site, unutilised spaces are created. Their

What does revaluing temporary sites

lifespan is dictated by the opportune

as Open Space potentially gain for

moment for financial gain, therefore

Melbourne’s CBD?

increasing the “value” of the site. However, while in the “unutilised” state these sites can effectively increase the footprint of open space within the CBD. This research essentially asks the question: How can we design open space

that

frequently

becomes

available for periods of time in the city? This research proposes to rethink the value of unutilised sites and highlight its potential open space qualities, rather than leaving it unused until development commences. In utilising these sites during their temporary existence, the design approach strives to address the need for open space in growing cities and the impending change of future development.

Content Page

Project Summary

Content Page

Value

What is Value? Site Specific Value of Open Space Over Time Predefined Value

Open Space potential - City History of City Conditions of City Developing the City - Site History of Site Conditions of Site Development of Site

Strategy of Infiltration - City Potential Gain for CBD Design Strategies - Site Open Space Revaluation Strategy Overlay Strategy Adaptation Strategy Triple Bottom Line Strategy

Valuing Open Space

Staging Design Plan Design Infiltration 1 - Initial Design Design Infiltration 2 Design Infiltration 3 Design Infiltration 4 Design Infiltration 5 Design Infiltration 6 Design Infiltration 7

8 10 14

20 22 24 26 28 30 36

42 44 46 50 56 70 80

94 96 100 104 108 112 116 120

Projecting Forward

124

Appendix

130

References

168

Image Credits

169

Acknowledgements

170

Reflecting on Design Research Defining my Practice City Site

126 126 132 140

Va l u e

What

Va l u e ?

The value of any space depends on the angle taken. Value can be something tangible like a measurement of area, money generated or length of time. Each of these has a numeric value assigned to it. Value can also be intangible, something of desire generating an emotional response which at times can be subjective. Within this very definition, two points can be generated aiding the understanding of the parameters of the design research.

TANGIBLE VALUES - Has a physical existence (Objective)

“The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.” – Oxford Dictionary “The importance or worth of something for someone. How useful or important something is.” – Cambridge Dictionary “The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance or preciousness of something: “your support is of great value”. – Google Define Dictionary

INTANGIBLE VALUES -Unable to be seen (Subjective)

Fig.1 - Breaking down the term ‘value’ The research aims to unpack this term by exploring the idea of value of Open Space within the city. This is becoming more apparent as higher density living and the need for space are in constant tension with each other.

Time Value Spatial/ Area Value

Capacity/ Volume Value

Financial Value

Numeric Value

Open Space Value of Temporary/ Transitioning Site -Mixture of Tangible and Intangible Values

Environmental Value

Historic Value Aesthetic/ Emotional Value

Social Value

Political Value Sustainable Value

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The tantalisation of the unseen. The constant reconfiguration of this unseen as you move forward. That this master if the extant physical object should choose to deal with the unseen was in itself exciting.â&#x20AC;? - Peter Cook: Drawing: the motive force of architecture (pg 30)

S i t e S p e c i f i c Va l u e o f Open Space Over time

The site, Former Carlton United Brewery Site currently is undergoing a major transformation into a bustling high-density living area. The value of this space currently is based on generating enough money to fund the building and keep the developer happy with a nice profit. The potential presented here is the opening up of spaces within this large site over time that can be created in temporary space. This tension as seen in the drawing to the right, illustrates an opening of the landscape in areas of development.

“It is undoubtedly the task of such a drawing to push language and context of architecture forward. It also has an atmospheric quality that challenges us – nearly real, and yet…maybe surreal?” - Peter Cook : Drawing: the motive force of architecture (pg 116)

Desvigne and Dalknoky use this idea of extrapolating the existing conditions of site to create opportunity within an area. The model like drawing below is an example of how the landscape can present opportunity for design by highlighting the intangible qualities (value) of the existing landscape, unseen to occupants that use it. This in turn creates a complex parametric layering of the site that creates a strategy for designing with the site.

Fig.2 - Desvigne and Dalknoky drawing (Left Image) Precedent drawing used to inspire the drawing technique through highlighting the opportunity of existing site conditions.

Fig.3 - Plan drawing of CUB site value (Right Image) This drawing helps to illustrate the current value of the site. It also sets up the parameters for how to improve the Open Space value through design as discussed in the Project Summary.

S i t e S p e c i f i c Va l u e o f Open Space Over time

The Open Space value of a specific site is determined by which state it is being framed in. Everything has a temporary lifespan; some exist for small fleeting moments while others last for decades. However everything does end at some point.

Fig.4 - Timeline of a City Lot This diagram identifies the different stages of a city lot and what state it changes into.

A city is constantly being restored, built up and redesigned. The temporary nature of a city creates opportunities in time to design for moments. It is within this idea that the design research is positioned.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Parks are volatile places. They tend to run to extremes of popularity and unpopularity. Their behaviour is far from simple. They can be delightful features of city districts, and economic assets to their surroundings as well, but pitifully few are. They can grow more beloved and valued with the years, but pitifully few show this staying power. â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Fig.5 - Comparing Values within a City Lot This diagram breaks down the different states of a city lot and compares various types of value. It is interesting to note that an temporary unsed site contains high value for flexibility.

- Jane Jacobs : The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 99)

Fig.6 - Timeline of City Lot States This diagram illustrates the period of time that each state is active. Interesting to note that each state is temporary in nature as it will always be followed by another temporary state (e.g. a new development will eventually become old and run down building).

Building Construction

Ground Works/ Demolish

New Building

Functioning Space

Old Building/ Infrastructure

Construction Site Temporary Unused Site

Temporary Unused Site

Old run-down Site

High Value

Moderate Value

ple ctio Peo e/ Fun s U (

Low Value

)

eal

ple App Peo otive m E (

Borderline Value

llar

om Inc

llar

nd Spe

City

tics

i Pol

l nta me n o r i Env ential Pot

ility xib Fle ility to (Ab nge) Cha

Derelict Building

Temporary Unused Site

Construction Site

Newly Developed Building

Site no longer functioning

No Access into Site

Design Plans for Future of Site

Construction Begins

New Building Created

Derelict Building

Temporary Unused Site

Construction Site

Newly Developed Building

P r e d e f i n e d Va l u e

City of Melbourne in 2012 released a document outlining an improvement of open space within the city. This was done so to highlight the impending change from higher density living and climate change. The main issue from this is that most of the large-scale parklands within Melbourne are located on the fringe of the city. The ‘in-between’ parts of the CBD seem to be forgotten and it is these types of spaces within this area that are in highest demand. This types of spaces don’t need to be green, they don’t even need living materials but what they do need is to allow connections across the city, with ease of access for both residents and visitors to Melbourne. The ‘in-between’ parts in the CBD grid are not recognised as valued open space such as the large English style gardens that grace the boundaries. This type of thinking is one that can be reshaped in order to recognise potential open space existing in the CBD grid.

Former CUB Site Current Temporary Unsued Sites

Fig.7 - Existing Open Space within Carlton Area (City of Melbourne’s Open Space Strategy Guide - 2012)

“Melbourne is identified as one of the most liveable cities in the world, and one of the major contributory elements to this liveability is the quality and amount of open space.” “Open space is important for numerous reasons, some of which are described here. - Social connectedness - Physical health and wellbeing - Mental health and wellbeing - Restorative places - Participating in organised sport - Exercising informally - Contact with nature - Being outside in the fresh air and sunlight - Spaces to relax and unwind - Mitigation of urban heat” City Of Melbourne: Open Space Strategy (pg 13)

Fig.8 - Existing Open Space within Melbourne (City of Melbourne’s Open Space Strategy Guide - 2012)

P r e d e f i n e d Va l u e

The current site has an existing value placed on it. This is one of money. As the site is privately owned, it cannot be accessed by the general public due to temporary fencing. The site is left in a temporary state of transition until the opportune moment when the money value can be increased. It is within this state that the design research is aimed. Many of these sites are located within the city and even though they may fly the flag as prime real estate, they also can potentially become open space, if the value and opportunity can be realised.

“The reconquered city – where strong efforts are being made to find a new, workable balance between the uses of the city as meeting place, marketplace and traffic space.” - Jan Gehl : New City Spaces (pg 14)

Fig.9 - Value of current existing Open Space on Site 1:400 at A0 This drawing allowed the ‘financial’ value of the site to be drawn and demonstrated. This showed that overtime, the site value in terms of money would increase. However, a site that can gain money looks after a developer/ owner and not the people who occupy it. There is minimal open space value, as the site cannot be used until it finished development.

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan 1 Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Rubbish fill currently on site Temporary Fencing currently on site Steel beams/ Building equipment currently on site

0 - Current

17 Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

P r e d e f i n e d Va l u e

Melbourne CBD contains many sites with Open Space potential, however their value is undermined by the way they appear. These sites such as the ones on the next page pop up and disappear in the city overtime. The sites that take longer to transition between changes gain recognition as ‘eye sores’ or time lapses of a different past. In the transition between a used site and a derelict building/ vacant lot their are clues as to successes and failures of the site, which need to be taken into, account. If these are ignored the same fate may become reality for the site in the near future if developed. Melbourne City Council currently are looking at differential rate for these types of transitioning or ‘void’ sites to increase the land fee for owners who leave the sites empty. This fee could possible inform the design research but also could cause retaliation with unconsidered projects being built.

Fig.10 - Jolimont Railway Yards (Top Right)

Fig.11 - The Argus Building (Middle Right)

Fig.12 - The Savoy Tarvern (Bottom Right)

“Streets or districts which do have good primary mixtures and are successful at generating city diversity should be treasured, rather than despised for their mixture and destroyed by attempts to sort out their components from one another.” - Jane Jacobs: The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 189)

O p e n S p a c e Po t e n t i a l

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - C i t y History

City

Melbourne, one of the most liveable cities within the world prides itself on its lifestyle and quality for residents and visitors alike. The city is a constant hub for people, activity and most importantly, change. There are areas present within the CBD grid that are remnants of a former life. Most of these a waiting for development to begin while others sit and gather dust. With the strain of more people moving into Melbourne and a slowing down of growth via pushing out of the Urban Growth Boundary, building higher and bigger is becoming the new norm. More people would therefore be living within the CBD grid, hence more pressure on its already at capacity resources.

The temporary lifespan of each city lot within the city presents an opportunity to creates spaces that adapt with tensions and growth in the city. Openings, voids, unused areas, transitioning spaces, to name a few are products of older buildings not being occupied and construction waiting to begin. As discussed within the Value chapter, these spaces are not valued as open space by their owners and even people of the city. By fencing them off from life in the CBD, they promote frowned upon behaviour rather than create dynamic temporary open spaces that grow and change like the very city they are located within.

To keep the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;most liveableâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; city tag current, Melbourne needs to look at better ways to managing this change and do so in a way that defines the city in a different way other than an emerging concrete jungle.

2 0 y e ars a g o

1 0 y e ars a g o

5 y e ars a g o

C U R R E N T S I T E S ( M AY â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; 1 3 )

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Urban void spaces form examples for the ever-changing city and a potential urban wildness. Void spaces are not mere gaps in urban contexts, but also include the leftover buffer zones without clearly defined functions or boundaries.â&#x20AC;? -Marieluise Jonas : Exposure 00 (pg 194)

5 Y e ar S p e cu l ation

Fig.13 - Melbourne Aerial Map locating CBD (Google Maps)

Fig.14 - Melbourne CBD Aerial Map (Google Maps)

Fig.15 - Former CUB Site Aerial Map (Google Maps)

Fig.16 - The changing City diagram Looking at the temporary nature of transitioning sites within the CBD over the last 20 years and projecting forward into the next 5 years. Each of these sites has a timeframe for which they exist for but is unique to the tensions, which the site is under.

Hoddle CBD Grid

Major Roads

Unutilised Lot

Vacant Building

Minor Roads

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - C i t y Conditions

City

Melbourne CBD contains many diverse cultures, activities and zones. It is interesting to map these out as it clearly beings to show areas and programs that relate to each other. The main shopping areas in the central and eastern parts of the grid contain some of major buildings within the CBD. Locating around transport hubs also is key in some programming of the city as these areas are where mostly people outside the grid enter the CBD. As discussed earlier, the major parkland within Melbourne is located on the boundary of the grid. It is interesting to see few smaller spots sprinkled within the city, however they lack clear connection for occupants of the city.

Large Public Parkland Small Public Parkland Open Public Space Commercial Area Business Area Education Area China Town Precinct Greek Precinct Night Clubs/ Night Spots Transportation (Hubs) Major Buildings in CBD Hoddle CBD Grid Paris End Precinct Shopping Precinct Restaurant Precinct

â&#x20AC;&#x153;With daily life increasingly privatised and indirect communication growing by leaps and bounds, the need for public life in public space is growingâ&#x20AC;? - Jan Gehl: New City Spaces (pg 20)

Fig.17 - Melbourne CBD Context Map This map shows the many zones and areas within Melbourne. It illustrates visually why Melbourne is such an amazing place to visit.

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - C i t y De vel o p ing

the

City

The trend within Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high-density development seems to be located within the North-West area of the city, which is also where most of the derelict buildings are located. It is interesting that businesses are located within the North-West CBD and not retail. It is almost like these areas in the North-West have been pushed aside and forgotten until a developer comes along. Another interesting thing to note is that some of the developments being create are multiple buildings. These are staged which can provide a longer timeline of transition such as the former CUB site. This point will be discussed further later on within the design research catalogue.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The forecast population growth will mean more people living and working in higher density neighbourhoods. Increasing urban densities will result in more people needing to use open space to maintain their physical and mental health and wellbeing. This will place additional demand on existing open spaces and in some areas create the need to provide additional open space. Population growth is already occurring in areas lacking adequate or any open space. Growth will require improvement to the quantity, diversity, quality and natural features of open space to adequately cater to the increased population.â&#x20AC;? City Of Melbourne: Open Space Strategy (pg 17)

Fig.18 - CBD West End Development (Top Right)

Fig.19 - CBD East End Development (Bottom Right)

1. 1 Tower Melbourne: 150 Queen Street •

77. 441-447 Elizabeth Street •

Planning Assessment (1 Building)

Registration and Sales (1 Building)

2 The Carlson: 321 La Trobe Street 2. •

Approved (1 Building)

88. 560 Flinders Street •

Registration and Sales (1 Building)

9 2

3 Upper West Side: 651 - 669 3. Spencer Street

•

99. Istana: 218 A’Beckett

Street

Under Construction (3 Buildings)

•

Under Construction (1 Building)

4 Fulton Lane: 151 Franklin Street 4. •

Under Construction (2 Buildings)

10. Metro Park West: 557 10 Lt Lonsdale Street •

Under Construction (1 Building)

6 5 Eporo Tower: 279 La Trobe Street 5. •

6. 6 640 Bourke Street •

11. 399 Lt Lonsdale Street 11 •

Registration and Sales (1 Building)

Approved (1 Building)

12. Celtic Tower: 316 Queen 12 Street

Approved (2 Buildings)

•

Approved (1 Building)

1. 212 - 222 La Trobe Street •

Planning Assessment (1 Building)

7 7. 35 Spring Street •

10 9

8 2

Registration and Sales (1 Building)

4 11

2 2. MY80 Silver Skies: 410 Elizabeth Street

•

4 48-50 A’Beckett Street 4.

9 36 - 40 La Trobe Street 9. •

•

Approved (1 Building)

6 58- 64 A’Beckett Street 6. Approved (1 Building)

Registration and Sales (1 Building)

11 11. Abode 318: 318 Russell

Street •

•

Approved (1 Building)

10. Vision: 500 Elizabeth Street 10

Approved (1 Building)

5 137-141 Bourke Street 5. •

Approved (1 Building)

7 •

•

Under Construction (1 Building)

3 E33: 9 - 11 Exploration Lane 3.

8 450 Elizabeth Street 8.

Under Construction (1 Building)

12 12. Crystal Gardens: 276-284

Russell Street •

Approved (1 Building)

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te History

Site

The former CUB Site was once a functioning brewery site that expanded from the humble bluestone malt house building along Bouverie Street to the more notable brick building running along Swanston Street. The site was closed in the early 90â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and has been in transition every since. Development has now commenced on site nearly 20 years after the doors closed.

Fig.20 - Carlton United Brewery - view from Franklin Street (Top left) Fig.21 - Carlton United Brewery - view down Swanston Street (Bottom left) Fig.22 - Brewery site during 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s - view down Swanston Street (Top right) Fig.23 - View up Swanston Street towards site (Bottom right)

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Conditions

Site

Victoria

Queens

Eliz

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This mixture of uses of buildings directly produces for the park a mixture of users who enter and leave the park at different times. They use the park at different times from one another because their daily schedules differ. The park thus possesses an intricate sequence of uses and users.â&#x20AC;?

abe et tre th S

- Jane Jacobs : The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 107)

Street

tre y S r r T he

Fig.24 - Context of CUB site (Google Maps background with various site images) Visually representing the surrounding context of the site to gain a clearer understanding of its conditions within the Melbourne CBD.

B o u v e r ie

Street

Street sberry

Swanst o

n Stree t

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Conditions

Site

As discussed in earlier points, the pulling of the contour vector lines create openings within the site and opportunity for designing with the site. This drawing is showing the current condition of the site and the openings emphasising the potential with the current development.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lost public space is being regained and new urban spaces established all over the world, due to the desire for a better balance between the functions of the city as marketplace, meeting place and traffic spaceâ&#x20AC;? - Jan Gehl : New City Spaces (pg 19)

This is the first stage in creating a strategy for designing to increase the open space value of the site.

Fig.25 - Plan drawing of existing tensions of Site Drawing 1:400 at A0 with contours at 0.25m The contours on site show the ground condition of the site. It is interesting to see the open areas where buildings have or continuing to take place. This tension shows a pulling and shaping of the ground plane to suit the development needs.

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Conditions

Site

The temporary transient spaces that are being designed are effectively private within this design research. They are owned by a developer or business so therefore cannot be classified as public. By creating access into the site it can break down the barrier hiding the site from the city. However it would still be dictated by the developer the types of programs that could occur on the site. Also the council would have their say in terms of the site being accessible and not adherring to health and safety policies.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The notion of unformulated existence that attracts the unwanted can also be viewed as an indicator of their potential as a counterperspective on systematic, clean and productive spaces.â&#x20AC;? - Marieluise Jonas : Exposure 00 (pg 194)

Fig.26 - Degrees of Access test Highlighting the varying degrees of access that can potentially catalyse Open Space reveals interesting behaviour that the site can generate.

M in i M a l D e s i g n

fo r

a c c e s s - D e s i g n Te s T

NO ACCESS - CURRENT SITE Location Plan

Access of Space

Use of Space

Indicative Imagery of Current Site

Weekly Timeframe for Current Site

Construction fence

Education Area

Pedestrian Access Car Access

SUNDAY

Tram Access

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

Construction Area

SATURDAY

Public Transport

Daily Timeframe for Current Site

Section Line

12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Current Use of Space - Day

Current Use of Space - Night

Late Night working in the Design Hub

Construction site

Construction fence

HOLE IN FENCE Location Plan

Access of Space

Use of Space

Indicative Imagery of Design Test - Hole in Fence

Weekly Timeframe for Design Test - Hole in Fence

Construction fence

Education Area

Hole in fence

Construction Area

Pedestrian Access

SUNDAY

Car Access

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Public Transport

Daily Timeframe for Design Test - Hole in Fence

Tram Access

Anti-social Behaviour

Section Line 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Design Test: Use of Space - Day

Design Test: Use of Space - Night

Construction site

Graffiti tagging

Hole in fence

Hole in fence Construction fence

PORTION OF FENCE REMOVED Access of Space

Location Plan

Use of Space

Indicative Imagery of Design Test - Portion Removed

Weekly Timeframe for Design Test - Portion Removed

Construction fence

Education Area

Fence Opening

Construction Area

Pedestrian Access

SUNDAY

Car Access

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Public Transport

Daily Timeframe for Design Test - Portion Removed

Tram Access

Anti-social Behaviour

Section Line

Group/ Social Behaviour

12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Design Test: Use of Space - Day

Design Test: Use of Space - Night

Construction site / Private Gather Spot

Open Portion of Fence

Removed fence Construction fence

Graffiti Tags over Street Art Late Night Youth Gathering

Street Art on Fence

ONE SIDE OF FENCE REMOVED Access of Space

Location Plan

Use of Space

Indicative Imagery of Design Test - One Side Removed

Weekly Timeframe for Design Test - One Side Removed

Construction fence

Education Area

Removed fence

Construction Area

Pedestrian Access

SUNDAY

Car Access

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Public Transport

Daily Timeframe for Design Test - One Side Removed

Tram Access

Anti-social Behaviour

Section Line

Group/ Social Behaviour

12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Design Test: Use of Space - Day

Design Test: Use of Space - Night

Construction site / Gather Spot

Lighting for Night Activity One side of Fence Removed

One side of Fence Removed

Temporary Installations

Removed fence Construction fence

TWO SIDES OF FENCE REMOVED Location Plan

Access of Space

Use of Space

Design Test: Use of Space 1 - Day

Design Test: Use of Space 2 - Day

Weekly Timeframe for Design Test - Two Sides Removed

Space Open with Construction

Space Open with Construction SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

Day Time Market stalls

12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Design Test: Use of Space 1 - Night

Design Test: Use of Space 2 - Night

Education Area

Removed fence

Construction Area

Pedestrian Access

Public Transport

Car Access Removed fence Construction fence

Fence Removed

SATURDAY

Daily Timeframe for Design Test - Two Sides Removed

Construction fence

Fence Removed

Space Open with Construction

Fence Removed

Anti-social Behaviour

Tram Access

Open Night time space

Night time youth gathering

Group/ Social Behaviour

Section Line

Space Open with Construction

Fence Removed

Hired Space (Market)

ALL SIDES OF FENCE REMOVED Location Plan

Access of Space

Use of Space

Design Test: Use of Space 1 - Day

Design Test: Use of Space 2 - Day

Weekly Timeframe for Design Test - All Sides Removed

Open plan space with entire site access

Open plan space with entire site access SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm

Removed fence

Design Test: Use of Space 1 - Night

Design Test: Use of Space 2 - Night

Education Area Construction Area

Pedestrian Access

Public Transport

Car Access

Anti-social Behaviour

Tram Access

Group/ Social Behaviour

Section Line

Day Time Market stalls

Daily Timeframe for Design Test - All Sides Removed

Site Boundary

Fence Removed

Hired Space (Market)

Open plan space with entire site access

Fence Removed Night Time Market stalls

Fence Removed

Open plan space with entire site access Night Time Market stalls/ Bar

Scale 1:1000 at A0 Year 7 Scale Scale 1:1000 1:1000 at at A0 A0 Year Year 77 Scale 1:1000 at A0 Year 7

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Development

Site Section K Section KK A Section Section Section K Section J Section Section JJ

Development on the former CUB site is staged as it contains multiple buildings. In order to create an appropriate approach to designing the site, a predicted staging plan was created.

Section Section J B

Section I Section Section II

The lighter green areas highlight the soon to commence development. The darker green areas are the further into the future developments. It was estimated that the site with its current state would take about 7 years to become fully developed. This figure is carried out throughout the remaining design research.

Section I Section C

Section H Section Section H H Scale 1:1000 at A0 Year 7

Scale 1:1000 at A0 Year 71:1000 at A0 Scale Year 7

Section H Section G Section D Section Section G G

Section G

Section K Section K

Section K

Section F Section Section FF Section F Section Section EE

Section J Section J

Section J

Section I

Section H

Section G

Section F

Section C

Section F

Section F Section C

Section CA G Section Section

Section E

Section D

Section Section D B

Section I

Section H

Section D

Section F

Section G

Fig.27 - Plan of Future Development on Site 1:400 at A0 Fig.28 - Sections of Development on Site 1:1000 at A0

Q u e e n s b e r r y

S t r e e t

Section A

S t r e e t

Section B

S t r e e t

Section C

B o u v e r i e

Section D

S w a n s t o n

Section E

Section F

Section G

r y r e T h

t e e r S t

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

i n l k a n r F

e t e r S t 37

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Development

Site

Fig.29 - Staging Development on Site All plans are 1:400 at A0 Identifying a timeframe for construction on the site aids in the understanding of how â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;temporaryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the Open Space can be and under what tensions it can perform with. The more the site becomes developed, the more tension on the available open space within the site.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Real-life urbanisation contains a myriad of circumstances that somehow have to coexist. The poor old map has to try to either concentrate on one aspect such as the location and name of streets, or deal with the business of drawing out the significance of one system and the displacement of another. â&#x20AC;&#x153; - Peter Cook : Drawing:the motive force of architecture (pg 29)

O p e n S p a c e Po te n t i a l - S i te Development

Site

Fig.30 - Swanston Sqaure Development Top left image Fig.31 - William Barrack Building (Currently being constructed on site) Bottom left image Fig.32 - Denton Corker Marshall Building (229m high when completed) Top right image Fig.33 - 3D Model of completed development Top far right image Fig.34 - Swanston Square Plaza Montage (Future depicted Open Space of site) Bottom right image

Strategy

Inf iltration

Strategy

Po te n t i a l G a in

Infiltration - City for

CBD

The impact on the city if the design strategy was to be implemented would be huge. It would create another layer to the already diverse city by having temporary sites revealing and disappearing for different lengths of time. Each of these sites would have different programs due to their location within the CBD Grid. The interesting thing to note, is that the big picture idea seems very clear and straight forward, however creating a strategy that link both to the city and the site was much more of a struggle. This chapter will highlight the struggles in designing on the site, which in turn hindered the strategy taken. It was within these struggles that the design strategy was created.

“The population growth and forecast development in Melbourne is significant, resulting in greater than two–thirds more people living in the City of Melbourne by 2026 and approximately a third more people working in the municipality. This forecast is based on the Growth Framework Plan included in the Draft Municipal Strategic Statement (July 2010)” City Of Melbourne: Open Space Strategy (pg 17)

Fig.35 - Aerial Image of Melbourne highlighting the former CUB site in Green. This image helps to give a perspective of the relationship the site has to the rest of the CBD grid.

Strategy

Infiltration - City

Design Strategies

Fig.36 - Open Space Revaluation Strategy (Strategy Used in Final Design) 7

This strategy aimed to look at opportunity created via vector lines of potential that opened up areas of differing values within the site.

The open space value would differ creating a diversity of temporary open spaces within the city.

Time (years)

In terms of the effect that this would have on the city, the many temporary/ transitioning sites would all be assessed on their open space value and how long the site would exist for. Areas with most traffic, time span and occupation would have a higher value then an area with minimal access and a tight timeframe.

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Fig.37 - Overlay Strategy This strategy aimed to look at the opportunity created from a site via a tangible financial value. It put a figure on landscape elements and programs to give a financial value. The issue with this strategy is as explained in the first chapter, open space value is intangible. One person might prefer grassy areas compared to someone who like dense planting. It places a dollar figure on a type of space and that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t give a feasible result. Also the value of open space is reliant on how people occupy the space rather than the objects that fill it and can be used. This problem seemed an ongoing trend throughout the design research. In terms of the impact on the city, the site acts like a giant room filled with stuff that is moved around due to development. It isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t reacting to the tensions and open space value of site, which the research aspires to achieve.

“ We refuse to lose faith in the tradition of ‘stuff’ and ‘things’. Along with the revival of interest in ‘the diagram’ is the notion that a ‘path of action’ or the ‘strategy’ surrounding a phenomenon can add up to a tangible aesthetic.” - Peter Cook: Drawing: the motive force of architecture (pg 178)

D e s i g n te s t 1 - P a r k l a n D

D e s i g n te s t 2 - u r B a n tr e e f a r m

Po t e n t i a l

value of

CuB

site

value of

CuB

site

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan

Completion of Construction

Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Gradient of Future staging on site

• Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Tree within Open Area Open Area

Open Area

Trees

Main Pathways within Open Area

Active Zone

Tree within Tension Open Area

Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

$1 000 000

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

Strategy

Infiltration - City

Design Strategies

Fig.38 - Adaptation Strategy This strategy aimed to look at the idea of making a temporary transitioning space adapt with its existing conditions, similar to that of an organism. This strategy did look at surrounding city context and what was affected by the designs, however the designs lack flair and excitement. The strategy in theory worked well but the execution lack rigour. This is where the pushing and moving objects around the site originated. This hid the potential that the site could achieve, as more emphasise was put on occupation in space via designing the arbitrary parts added to the space.

“Parks are not automatically anything” Jane Jacobs - The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 101)

The relationship to the city was almost tokenistic as it didn’t engage the type of people occupying the surrounding site spaces and city streets.

Fig.39 - Triple Bottom Line Strategy (Initial Design Strategy) This strategy aimed to look at the idea of created a site that ticked the three boxes under the triple bottom line. As the site currently had a higher economic value, the social and environmental values were to be designed into the site to make it come full circle. The relationship to the city looked at the idea of making the city ‘sustainable’ in the way it was to be developed in the future. However, the very nature of the term ‘sustainable’ has flawed as it pushes towards an intangible goal of making the city in an utopian way which can ultimately stay the same and never change.

Street View Lines Building View Lines Internal View Lines Large Internal View Lines Small Looking In View Lines Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Open Space Revaluation Strategy

This strategy worked with the idea of the staging of the site, potential Open Space value and occupation of the space. The strategy drawn in the plan on the right opened up potentials and opportunities for temporary design. The vector lines pulled according to its Open Space value. The Open Space was determined by the context of the site.

“The result is an episodic and varied sequence of public space and landscape biotopes set along a simple and consistent line“ – James Corner: Designing the Highline (pg 30)

The higher trafficked areas such as Victoria Street not only had high occupation potential, also was the site that remained undeveloped for the longest time. The site parallel to Swanson Street was of least Open Space value as it existed for the least amount of time. The vector lines also helped to determine the transition between material types on the site. This idea is further discussed in the next chapter of the design research catalogue.

Fig.40 - Lebbeus Woods hand drawing The staged nature of this drawing inspired the technique for creating the Open Space drawing on the opposite page.

Fig.41 - Open Space Revaluation Strategy Plan 1:400 at A0 The higher the open space value, the longer the site exists for, hence the highest open space value is located along the Victoria street boundary.

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Open Space Revaluation Strategy

The occupation of the site is the key driver as to determining the Open Space value of the design. The plans to the left are some examples of the design infiltration explored through the site. The density of occupation is depicted by the darker green colour in a particular area on site. Inspired by Lebbeus Woods drawing technique, the overlaying of the irregular shapes aims to show the ‘incompleteness’ of the space, as the Open Space created within this strategy is not going to be pristine and finished. Rather it is going to exude a rough, unfinished temporary state again highlighting the very nature of the sites existence.

“Neighbourhood parks themselves are directly and drastically affected by the way the neighbourhood acts upon them.” - Jane Jacobs : The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 105)

Fig.42 - Various staged Occupation drawings 1:250 at A0 The green layers illustrate the density in occupation on the site. The darker the green, the more concentrated the occupation is within the area.

Fig.43 - Lebbeus Woods section drawing (Top right)

Fig.44 - Lebbeus Woods section drawing (Middle right)

Fig.45 - CJ Lim section drawing (Bottom right)

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Open Space Revaluation Strategy

“Voids speak to transient ideal of imperfection – a principle of aesthetic appreciation in longing for authenticity. The idea of imperfection nourishes the thought that nothing is finished; all is ephemeral and fading – and, in fading, the most beautiful.” - Marieluise Jonas : Exposure 00 (pg 194)

Fig.46 - Current Site photo of Bluestone Building (Bottom far left)

Fig.47 - Various sketches of temporary design idea (Three left drawings)

Fig.48 - Lebbeus Woods drawing (Top Right)

Fig.49 - Lebbeus Woods drawing (Middle Right)

Fig.50 - Archigram - Walking City (Bottom Right)

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy

This strategy looked at the idea of giving landscape elements and programs a financial value, which could be measured. It also looked at how this could be mapped with an overlay via the green triangles. The colour of the overlay was identified as a tension in the value of site, which affected the type of program that could exist within the site. As discussed earlier, the designs created in this were derived from filling the site up with â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;stuffâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that could be moved around with the changing site. This type of strategy failed to link to the potentials of a site such as the former CUB site. It was almost a redecorating design. However, there was emphasis placed on occupation of space rather than pulling back and looking at what the space was giving to the design research. This struggle was continual occurrence during the year as it hindered the finding of the appropriate strategy that could effectively answer the design research question.

Fig.51 - Gap Fillers - Pallet Pavillion Render (Above Image)

Fig.52 - Gap Fillers - Pallet Pavillion (Near Right Image) Fig.53 - Progressive Development staging of Site Exploded Axo Drawing

Fig.54 - Value Overtime drawing on Site 1:400 at A0 (Far Right Image)

Title Here .......

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Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy

The overlay strategy was broken down into 5 design test each with a particular program highlighted. Within each stage a financial value was established in order to create the triangle shapes and trend value line. These were applied onto the site drawing and the different colouring overlays presented the particular design areas. However through this strategy, the projected staging was forgotten. The issue with the green triangles also arose, as the area of most overlap didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t occur on site. The struggle to draw the value of site lead to an unclear approach, which tried to merge a diagram on top of existing plan. There was no clear distinction as to how the diagram generated the design response on site. The next few pages illustrate the 5 design tests and how they created. Fig.55 - Overlay Matrix from Plan for 5 design tests (Below table)

Fig.56 - Modelling the tension vector lines on site (Black and White Photos)

Design Test 1 Parkland Design Test 2 Urban Tree Farm

Design Test 3Found Object Space Design Test 4Car park Design Test 5Rolling Market

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy D e s i g n te s t 1 - P a r k l a n D Po t e n t i a l

value of

CuB

site

6 6

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Gradient of Future staging on site • Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Open Area Trees Active Zone Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

va l u e

of the

Pa rkl a n d

I n i t i a l S pac e s InItal

E x t ra S pac e s

value

zones

$1000 per month

590 $100

Incl. O2 Output

seCtions 60

year

value

year

value

Zones within Open Area I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f a n Ac t i v e S pac e

$132,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Z o n e s

$924,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Z o n e s

Small Trees within Open Areas I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f a Small Tree

Zones

$2000 28

$59,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f S m a l l Trees

$413,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f S m a l l Trees

To ta l

value

$2800

year

value

Extra Zones within Open Areas

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Zones

$14,000

Zones

168 $19,600

To ta l Z o n e s within Open area

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Zones

Extra Small Trees within Open Areas I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Small Trees

value

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Small Trees

site • type of parkland - areas/ zones (dog park middle) • duration of each porgram

$1,370,600

To ta l S m a l l s Trees To ta l I n d i c at i v e Va l u e I n c l . A l l Extras

Fig.57 - Design Test 1 - Parkland Plan 1:400 at A0 Sections 1:1000 at A3 This design was created to see how the site would react and look like if a parkland was designed there. As much as the notion of a living green space within this site would be nice, it is not feasible, partical and would just never happen within the economic and political climate of the city.

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy D e s i g n te s t 2 - u r B a n tr e e f a r m Po t e n t i a l

CuB

value of

site

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Gradient of Future staging on site • Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Tree within Open Area Open Area

Main Pathways within Open Area Tree within Tension Open Area Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

Va l u e

of the

u r b a n tr e e f a r m

Initial Trees inital

Extra Trees

value

1265

year

value

year

value

Trees within Open Area

$30

Cost per 10 ml pot

$100

I n d i c at i v e Cost of Tree i.e.

SectionS

- O2 Output

value

162

To ta l year

year

value

Added Trees within Open Area

value

1427

To ta l t r e e s within Open area

$37,950

R e ta i l Va l u e of 1265 Trees

$265,650

R e ta i l Va l u e of 1265 Trees

$4,860

R e ta i l Va l u e o f Extra Trees

$34,020

R e ta i l Va l u e o f Extra Trees

$299,670

To ta l r e ta i l Va l u e o f Tr e e s

$126,500

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f 1 2 6 5 Trees

$885,500

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f 1 2 6 5 Trees

$16,200

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Trees

$113,400

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Trees

$998,900

To ta l I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Tr e e s

Site

62 • Number of trees

Fig.58 - Design Test 2 - Urban Tree Farm Plan 1:400 at A0 Sections 1:1000 at A3 This design was created to see how a Urban forest would look like on a large scale site. Again the notion of this design is nostaglic but in reality this design would not be feasible. It does however look very intersting within a urban context.

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy D e s i g n te s t 3 - f o u n D o B j e C t s P a C e Po t e n t i a l

value of

CuB

site 7

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Gradient of Future staging on site • Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Tree crate within Open Area

Open Area Crates Fake Turf Open Areas Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

va l u e

of the

fo u n d o B j e C t s P a C e

I n i t i a l S pac e s InItal

7 27

E x t ra S pac e s

value

Active Pa s s i v e

year

value

year

value

0 5

Ty p e o f S pac e s in Open Area

value

Active Pa s s i v e

To ta l year

7 32

$1000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f a n Ac t i v e S pac e

$84,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Ac t i v e S pac e s

$588,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Ac t i v e S pac e s

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Ac t i v e S pac e s

$250

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f a Pa s s i v e S pac e

$81,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Pa s s i v e S pac e s

$567,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Pa s s i v e S pac e s

$15,000

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Pa s s i v e S pac e s

$105,000

per month

seCtions

year

value

E x t ra S pac e s within Open Areas I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Ac t i v e S pac e s I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Ac t i v e S pac e s

site

64 • Number of crates • number of passive and active space • potential rent area

value

Active Pa s s i v e

$1,155,000 $1,260,000

To ta l S pa c e s within Open area To ta l I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f S pa c e s To ta l I n d i c at i v e Va l u e I n c l . E x t ra S pac e s

Fig.59 - Design Test 3 - Found Object Space Plan 1:400 at A0 Sections 1:1000 at A3 This design was created from the previous ‘Adaptation’ strategy where undervalued objects were used in replacement of normal park equipment. This idea of a pop up park was interesting but was not executed successfully within this design strategy. It wasn’t until the Revaluation strategy did this idea fully take off.

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy D e s i g n te s t 4 - C a r P a r k Po t e n t i a l

value of

CuB

site

6 6

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Gradient of Future staging on site • Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Car Parking in Open Area Cars Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

va l u e

of the

C a r Pa rk

Initial Car Spots InItal

value

146 $9

Extra Car Spots year

value

year

value

D es i g n at e d Car spots Cost of pa r k i n g a d ay

value

15 $478,269

Potential Va l u e o f C a r Pa r k (If full)

$3,348,072

Potential Va l u e o f C a r pa r k ( If full)

$7,020

To ta l year

year

value

Added Car Spots to Open Area P ot e n t i a l Va l u e of Added Car S P o t s (If full)

value

161 $49,140

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e of Added Car S P o t s (If full)

$3,397,212

To ta l C a r Spots within Open area To ta l P o t e n t i a l Va l u e o f C a r Spots

Fig.60 - Design Test 4 - Carpark Plan 1:400 at A0 Sections 1:1000 at A3 This design was created to illustrate a current financial strategy for temporary/ transitioning sites. It is clear that these sites will gain the most money however this type of design is the anti-approach to spaces like the former CUB site. They may provide parking for people in the city but there Open Space quality is lacking. However there is studies into mutliple uses for carpark, but thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s getting off topic of Open Space Value.

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Overlay Strategy D e s i g n te s t 5 - R o l l i ng M a R k e t s P a C e Po t e n t i a l

value of

CuB

site 7

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Completion of Construction Potential Value trend line overtime on site

1 Gradient of Future staging on site • Dark green = distant future • Light green = near future

Open Area

Vans within Open Area Tension Open Area

0 - Current

$10

$100

$1000

$10 000

$100 000

$1 000 000

P ot e n t i a l Va l u e ( $ )

va l u e

of the

R o l l i ng M a R k e t s P a C e

I n i t i a l S pac e s InItal

E x t ra S pac e s

value

year

1 2 Va n s

Av e rag e o f Va n s i n O p e n Area

$800

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Va n

Average

p e r D ay

seCtions 68

value

year

value

4 Va n s

Average

$249,600

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Va n

$1,747,200

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Va n

$104,520

To ta l year

year

value

E x t r a Va n s within Open Areas I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Va n s

value

1 6 Va n s Average

$731,640

site • daily renters

I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f E x t r a Va n s

$2,478,840

To ta l Va n s within Open area To ta l I n d i c at i v e Va l u e o f Va n s

Fig.61 - Design Test 5 - Rolling Market Space Plan 1:400 at A0 Sections 1:1000 at A3 This design was created to give the humble carpark an upgrade. However the rolling in of trucks every now and then into a site activates it for a short time period but it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t give value to the space as the trucks can roll into any open space with a permit.

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Adaptation Strategy

The Adaptation strategy followed the idea of making a site that could change and ‘adapt’ to its surrounding condition. At this time within the research their wasn’t a clear direction into identifying the open space value on site and because of this the research stayed within the scope of moving stuff around the site. It wasn’t until an appropriate drawing technique and understanding of the site was achieved that this frame of mind was shifted. The precedents such as the ones to the right began to reveal ideas of a pop up temporary space for the former CUB site. There was something about instilling knowledge into the occupants after the site had disappeared that struck a chord within the design research. The struggle here was to try and represent the rough temporary nature of the pop up site in an appropriate manner. Also due to the strategy using broad terminology, grounding the site and getting specific in the design detail proved to be difficult.

Place/ Scale need Time

Time Effects Adaptation

PLACE Fig.62 - Adaptation Strategy Diagram Breakdown

ADAPTATION

TIME SCALE

Fig.63 - Place au Changement - France (Top Right) Fig.64 - Section 8 Bar - Melbourne (Middle Right)

Primary Idea

Fig.65 - Urban Coffee Farm and Brew Bar - Hassell (Bottom Right)

- Main part of Design Research

Secondary Idea

Tertiary Idea

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Adaptation Strategy

This strategy brought to light the idea of ‘temporary.’ As discussed in previous chapters, the design approach is temporary in nature as the site only exists for a specific timeframe. Understanding this element of time was key to the design research moving forward. Through using the broad terms in this earlier strategy, a clear detailed understanding could be achieved in the strategies that followed. The design test within this strategy are all derived from the diagram below. It was testing of these terms to see what it could and could not achieve. It was interesting to do this because it started to frame a feasible design for the site. As stated before, the struggle within this strategy was that the research was still too broad and not specific enough to answer the question, however it was the catalyst for the next two strategies to follow.

Design Test 1

Design Test 2

Design Test 3

Design Test 4

Respond to

PLACE

Respond to

PLACE

Respond to

TIME

Respond to

PLACE

Respond to

TIME

Respond to

S C A LE

•

Factors both influenced by TIME

•

Test will be same as Test 4, hence it is ruled out.

Respond to

S C A LE

Respond to

TIME

Respond to

S C A LE

Indicator

Example: I am 22 years old

This relates to time being a stage, period or moment

Measurement

Example: I am 22 years old now but in 12 months time I will be 23.

This relates to time being a value of change which can be mesured

TIME

Permanent

Continual

Duration

Temporal

Size

TIME

Value

As Indicator or Measurement

Length

Amount

Process

Direction

System

Operation Fig.66 - Defining the Adaptation Design Tests (Far Left diagram)

Fixed

Specific Value i.e 10

Static

Doesn’t move/ change

Dynamic

Ongoing/ ability to change

Constant

Endless

Short term/ long term period

Occurs within certain conditions

Particular/ Definite

Specific Beginning and End

Zone

Idenitified Purpose

Area

Value i.e 10m2

Distance

Measure between features

Stretch

Extent

Portion

Percentage i.e. 50%

Volume

Value i.e 10m3

Pathway

Link

Understanding

Knowledge

Formula

Equation

Method

Approach

Drivers

Catalyst

Mechanical

Methodical/ Straight Forward

Momentum

Progress/ Forward

Fig.67 - Breaking down ‘time’ diagrams (Right page)

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Adaptation Strategy

Site scale of test design 1

Surrounding context of CUB site for test design 1

CBD scale for test design 1

Design Test 1 Respond to

PLACE

Respond to

TIME

Fig.68 - Design Test 1 - Place and Time This test focused on linking the site to the surrounding context but worked within the confined space of the developed building footprint. By removing the scale part with this design, it could not adapt to the shrinking site. The elements within this site are found objects, similar to the precedents so they can be moved easily around the site.

Design Details related to design test 1

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Adaptation Strategy

Site scale of test design 3

Surrounding context of CUB site for test design 3

CBD scale for test design 3

Design Test 3 Respond to

TIME

Respond to

S C A LE

Fig.69 - Design Test 3 - Time and Scale This test focused on the changing size of the site. The lack of connection to the site was done by creating a mass tree farm on site from using stacking of wooden pallets. This adapted more to the site changing over time, however not linking to the context might not allow the space to be successful as it could be.

Design detail for design test 3

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Adaptation Strategy

Site scale of test design 4

Surrounding context of CUB site for test design 4

CBD scale for test design 4

Design Test 4 Respond to

PLACE

Respond to

TIME

Respond to

S C A LE

Fig.70 - Design Test 3 - Place, Time and Scale This test focused on putting all three terms together. The site is able to adapt to the space and work with the surrounds. What lets this strategy down is the fact the design just fills the site up and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow for the occupants of the space to use it in the way they desire. It limits the possibilities within the space. It is almost too controlled and not considered.

Design detail for design test 4

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

Tr i p l e B o t t o m L i n e S t r a t e g y

The Triple Bottom Line Strategy looked at creating a design that appropriately touched on the 3 parts to the strategy. These being Economic, Social and Environmental Value. By doing this an adaptive design solution could be achieved. This was the first attempt at a design strategy for the site, which introduced the idea of value on the site. However this particular strategy relates to sustainable design and within this topic has some hotly disputed points. Avoiding arguments and creating a feasible design for the former CUB site was the ambition during this strategy. Again the terminology was still broad and didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow for the design specifics to be achieved however was the catalyse for other specific parts discussed in other strategies undertaken later on.

ADAPTIVE DESIGN SOLUTIONS

SOCIAL

ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENTAL

Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Millennium Parklands was used as a test site to look at the triple bottom line layers as seen on the opposite page.

Fig.71 - Millennium Parklands - Sydney (Top Left)

Fig.72 - Triple Bottom Line Venn Diagram (Above Left) Fig.73 - Triple Bottom Line tests on Millennium Parklands (Right Page)

Economic 37.5 %

Environmental

25%

37.5 % Social

ECONOMIC layers within Sydney Olympic Park

Elevated Areas

Path and Road Connections

Vegetation Walls

ENVIRONMENTAL layers within Sydney Olympic Park Passive and Active Spaces

Wetland Areas

Remediated Soil

Built Infrastructure

Scale 1 : 10,000 (at A1)

Exploded Axo of Sydney Olympic Park

Paramatta River and Land

SOCIAL layers within Sydney Olympic Park

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

T r i p l e B o tt o m L i n e S t r a t e g y

Fig.74 - Development on Site These drawings help to illustrate the staging idea on the site. It also begins to highlight the value placed on money which essential drives the construction on the site. Initial ideas such as view lines, access, site staging and time were established within the strategy and have continued through into the final design solution.

P l a n s ( 1 : 2 0 0 0 ) at A 1

T. B . L P i e C h a r t

D i a g r a m s o f V i e w, B o u n d a r y a n d S pa c e

Economic

25 %

62.5% Environmental

12.5 % Social

0 YE A R S - I N I T I A L

ECONOMIC TRENDS Money Needed (cost) Money Generated (Revenue)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

1 YE A R TIME SCALE (x)

SOCIAL TRENDS People In Space Diversity in Space (Programs)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

5 YE A R S TIME SCALE (x)

E N V I R O M E N TA L T R E N D S Green Space (Organic) Fauna (Other than Humans)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

1 0 YE A R S TIME SCALE (x)

DESIGN PLAN LEGEND Existing Buildings Construction Area Built Up Layers of Building

2 5 YE A R S

V I E W, B O U N D A R Y A N D S PA C E L E G E N D

Street View Lines Building View Lines Internal View Lines Large Internal View Lines Small

5 0 YE A R S

Looking In View Lines Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

T r i p l e B o tt o m L i n e S t r a t e g y

Fig.75 - Parkland on Site These drawings help to illustrate the nostalgic notion of placing a parkland within an economically driven urban environment. Unfortunately from early on in the design research it was clear from this strategy that the design could simple be a park plonked into the site and expected to function. Also as this site is privately owned, it would be unlikely a developer/ owner would be prepared to limit making money on a project by building a parkland instead of a mutli-million dollar building.

P l a n s ( 1 : 2 0 0 0 ) at A 1

T. B . L P i e C h a r t 12.5%

Economic

Environmental

D i a g r a m s o f V i e w, B o u n d a r y a n d S pa c e

50%

37.5 %

0 YE A R S - I N I T I A L Social

ECONOMIC TRENDS Money Needed (cost) Money Generated (Revenue)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

1 YE A R

TIME SCALE (x)

SOCIAL TRENDS People In Space Diversity in Space (Programs)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

5 YE A R S

TIME SCALE (x)

E N V I R O M E N TA L T R E N D S Green Space (Organic) Fauna (Other than Humans)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y) TIME SCALE (x)

1 0 YE A R S DESIGN PLAN LEGEND Gravel Areas Grassed Areas Pathways Grass Open Areas Trees Garden Beds

2 5 YE A R S

Garden Beds

V I E W, B O U N D A R Y A N D S PA C E L E G E N D

Street View Lines Building View Lines Internal View Lines Large

5 0 YE A R S

Internal View Lines Small Looking In View Lines Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

T r i p l e B o tt o m L i n e S t r a t e g y

Fig.76 - Partial Parkland and Development on Site These drawings help to illustrate initial idea of staging on the site to get the best of both worlds. The progression of the development cause the amount of space used for the park to limit and it was within this idea that the foundations of the current design research was born. It is also interesting to note that even from this initial stage, the designs until the final strategy seem to be worried about filling the site up. This preconceived idea of the design really was a struggle to control, as it took to the last few weeks of the second semester to break its hold on the project.

P l a n s ( 1 : 2 0 0 0 ) at A 1

T. B . L P i e C h a r t

D i a g r a m s o f V i e w, B o u n d a r y a n d S pa c e

Economic 25%

50 %

Environmental 25%

0 YE A R S - I N I T I A L

Social

ECONOMIC TRENDS Money Needed (cost) Money Generated (Revenue)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

1 YE A R

TIME SCALE (x)

SOCIAL TRENDS

People In Space Diversity in Space (Programs)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y)

5 YE A R S

TIME SCALE (x)

E N V I R O M E N TA L T R E N D S Green Space (Organic) Fauna (Other than Humans)

POTENTIAL AMOUNT (Y) TIME SCALE (x)

1 0 YE A R S DESIGN PLAN LEGEND Gravel Areas Grassed Areas Pathways Grass Open Areas Trees Movable Garden Beds

2 5 YE A R S

Boundary Garden Beds

V I E W, B O U N D A R Y A N D S PA C E L E G E N D

Street View Lines Building View Lines Internal View Lines Large

5 0 YE A R S

Internal View Lines Small Looking In View Lines Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

T r i p l e B o tt o m L i n e S t r a t e g y D e ta i l O v e r a l l D e s i g n ( 1 : 7 5 0 )

Paved Open Area to maximise access into site and around buildings

Section 1 Thick forest like canopy to minimise dust and acoustics from Construction site.

Section 2 Smaller open areas created from placement of trees

Shade Cloth Area to assist with Market Space Section 3

Large Open Area for Market Space

Paved Open Area to maximise access into site

D e s i g n S e c t i o n s - P r o g r a m a n d s pa t i a l Q u a l i t y

Open Parkland

Pixel Building

Queensberry Hotel

Potential Play Area

Tr e e A v e n u e P a t h

Construction Site

Open Parkland (Dog Park)

H er i ta ge Wa l l

Tr e e A v e n u e P a t h

Open Parkland (Market Space)

Former CUB Building

Fig.77 - Partial Parkland and Development on Site Year 1 Detail These drawings were furthering the idea of the previous page by looking at one of the time frames and drawing out the details. It as about simple interventions. However issues with time such as how fast a tree would mature was the struggle here, as it made this design not feasible.

Building and Construction Areas

V i e w, B o u n d a r y a n d S pa c e P l a n

Main Access and Direction into Site

V I E W, B O U N D A R Y A N D S PA C E L E G E N D Internal View Lines Small Internal View Lines Large Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

V i e w L ay e r - To p View Angle

Pa t h w ay s a n d Z o n e s o f D e s i g n Origin

V i e w L ay e r - M i d

View Angle

Origin

V i e w L ay e r - L o w

View Angle

Te n s i o n A r ea s w i t h i n S i t e

Origin

V i e w L ay e r - G r o u n d

Origin

View Angle

Strategy

Infiltration - Site

T r i p l e B o tt o m L i n e S t r a t e g y D e ta i l O v e r a l l D e s i g n ( 1 : 7 5 0 ) Paved Open Area to maximise access into site and around buildings

Section 1 Open Areas due to tree placement to create gathering spaces Paved area around new building to allow retail program. Tr e e p l a c e m e n t a l l o w f o r v i e w s into various gathering spaces. Section 2 Thick forest like canopy to minimise dust and acoustics from Construction site.

Paved Area to create â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pocketsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of passive recreation Section 3

Funnelled Access due to location of Construction current passive area Paved Open Area to maximise access into site Swanston Square

D e s i g n S e c t i o n s - P r o g r a m a n d s pa t i a l Q u a l i t y Pixel Building

H e r i ta ge Wa l l

Open Parkland (Active/ Passive)

Construction Site

Tr e e A v e n u e P a t h (Passive Spaces)

Potential Market Area

Tr e e A v e n u e P a t h / Retail Area

Queensberry Hotel Open Parkland

Former CUB Building

Fig.78 - Partial Parkland and Development on Site Year 5 Detail Like the previous page, this design looked at the 5 year detail of the site. Again issues with time frame of how the elements in the park were grown and moved (i.e. trees) was the under doing of this strategy.

Building and Construction Areas

V i e w, B o u n d a r y a n d S pa c e P l a n ( 1 : 7 5 0 )

Main Access and Direction into Site

V I E W, B O U N D A R Y A N D S PA C E L E G E N D Internal View Lines Small Internal View Lines Large Shrine of Remembrance/ Swanston Street View Line

V i e w L ay e r - To p

Te n s i o n A r ea s w i t h i n S i t e

View Angle

Origin

V i e w L ay e r - M i d

View Angle

Origin

Pa t h w ay s a n d Z o n e s o f D e s i g n

V i e w L ay e r - L o w

View Angle

Origin

V i e w L ay e r - G r o u n d

Origin

View Angle

Va l u i ng O p e n S p a c e

S t a ging De s i gn P l a n

“A striated system of modular, pre- cast concrete planks allows for meandering unscripted movement along the High Line. Long, gradual tapering of planks into planting beds forms a richly integrated and combed carpet rather than segregated pathways and planting areas.” - Desiging the Highline (pg 118)

Using the design strategy of Open Space Revaluation as discussed in the previous chapter was used to infiltrate the site. The struggle with previous strategies was that the space didn’t accommodate different types of occupation on the space. Projects such as the Highline and playgrounds by Aldo Van Eyck focus on the surfacing of the area, which then dictates the type of occupation on the space. The value staging which highlighted the higher value areas on the site was used to determine the type of materials used on the site. Controlled, dense materials such as concrete were placed in areas of higher value due to the timeframe the site exists. The materiality slowly grades down to less controlled and fixed material near the Swanston street edge. This area exists for the least amount of time due to the construction staging. This chapter will explore different types of design infiltrations over the course of the sites existence.

Fig.79 - Material transition image Highline Park - New York (Top Left) Fig.80 - Material use and opportunites Highline Park - New York (Middle Left) Fig.81 - Transition between tapered concrete sleepers Highline Park - New York (Middle Left) Fig.82 - Playground design focused on occupation of space - Aldo Van Eyck (Bottom Left Images) Fig.83 - Material palette of staged design 1:250 at A0 (Far Right)

Grass/ Dirt Lifespan - 3/ 3.5 Years Density Level: MID/ LOW

Gravel Lifespan - 3.5/ 4 Years Density Level: MID/ LOW

Wooden Sleepers Lifespan - 4/ 5 Years Density Level: MID/ HIGH

Brick Paving Lifespan - 5/ 6 Years Density Level: HIGH

Concrete Lifespan - 7 Years Density Level: VERY HIGH

Design Infiltration 1 - Initial Design

The initial design infiltration on site was about implementing programs into the site that would work with the high trafficked area along Victoria Street. As this site is located near the RMIT design hub, residential buildings and transport routes, it was clear the design needed to have the ability to bring people into the space. Cutting into the existing bluestone building to create a pop up cafe with found objects such as milk crate seats, wood pallet tree pots and a grassy mound aided in creating a rough temporary feel within the site.

The idea of providing a place for people to sit and eat in this location seemed to the smartest way to design in this site. Similar to T-Squared Cafe at the bottom of the RMIT Design hub, it is mostly used by students and teachers within the building who need a coffee break. If this space weren’t activated via this program, the space would have minimal to no occupation.

“Many traditional urban spaces were designed to emphasise the city’s function as meeting place” - Jan Gehl : New City Spaces (pg 14)

Fig.84 - Initial Design Section 1:500 at A0 Fig.85 - Photomontage of Initial Design showing occupation of space Fig.86 - Initial Design Plan 1:250 at A0

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

Design Infiltration 1 - Initial Design

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 1: Initial Design Idea Material Surface Type

Concrete (Main) with Astro turf

Timeframe Space Exists

7 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats

Shade

Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

tree

50 years

5 years

2 ppl underneath

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

rope

5 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

solar

10 years

2‐3 days

needs sun

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

need light source

electric

30 years

1 week

power source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.87 - Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Initial Design Kit of Parts - Table The surface treatment with an injection of some found objects was the basis of the design within the space. The potential that these design decisions could deliver is paramount to the success of the Open Space value within the site. As this area was concreted and existed for the longest period of time, the occupation of the space is concentrated near the cafe space, on the Victoria street edge of the site. The parts/ design elements that the design could house within this space was quiet large, as seen in the table above. The design also pays homage to previous design attempts by having trees within wooden pallets and use of the existing dirt mound for play as the users sees fit.

Design Infiltration 2

Design Infiltration 2 was designed to be added onto the initial design once the site gained a following, increasing the value in the site, hence allowing further penetration into the former CUB Site. This design focuses on activating the dirt mound via creating an almost Aldo Van Eyck design that allowed the occupants to dictate the type of play they wanted. Elements of play that were used here was the large hopscotch outline that defined parts of the space such as placement of climbing pallets and fake turf area. As this design was based on the site gaining Open Space Value, the beginnings of a large sail were placed further back in the site. The steel poles allowed for more seating within the site.

100

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Models are developing for the multifunctional use of the sidewalk, for example, or of the role of waste and abandoned lands in child development. None of these are direct substitutes for the activities of the organized playground. They are extensions of our thinking about the child in the city. They conflict with typical adult concept of safety, control, visual tidiness, and the place of children.â&#x20AC;? - Kevin Lynch : Good City Form (pg 447)

Fig.88 - Design Infiltration 2 Section 1:500 at A0 Fig.89 - Photomontage of Design Infiltration 2 showing occupation of space Fig.90 - Design Infiltration 2 Plan 1:250 at A0

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t 101

Design Infiltration 2

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

102

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 2 Material Surface Type

Concrete (Main) with painted surface, existing dirt mound, brick paving & astro turf

Timeframe Space Exists

6‐7 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats

Shade

Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

tree

50 years

5 years

2 ppl underneath

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

rope

5 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

solar

10 years

2‐3 days

needs sun

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

electric

30 years

1 week

power source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.91 - Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 2 Design Kit of Parts - Table The surface treatment of concrete was continued into this design infiltration. As from the first initial design, the sites occupation increased, hence the value of open space increased, allowing the design to push further into the site. As the design is still focused near the Victoria Street boundary, the occupation of the space is concreted. There are however, small parts that are fracturing off form the main area due to placement of seating and steel poles, locating further into the site.

103

Design Infiltration 3

Design Infiltration 3 was designed to keep pushing the design further into the site. The steel poles placed from the previous infiltration now have been used as a large shade sail. Another cafe/ shop has been inserted into the site via the occupation of part of the bluestone building. As the site moves further in, the control of the program is limited due to the time frame the site is active. This is also evident through the change in material surfacing from concrete to brick paving. This transition between materials was influenced by the change in surfaces as illustrated in the Highline Park.

104

Fig.92 - Design Infiltration 3 Section 1:500 at A0

Fig.93 - Photomontage of Design Infiltration 3 showing occupation of space

Fig.94 - Design Infiltration 3 Plan 1:250 at A0

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t 105

Design Infiltration 3

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

106

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 3 Material Surface Type

Concrete (Main) with brick paving & astro turf

Timeframe Space Exists

6 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats

Shade

Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

tree

50 years

5 years

2 ppl underneath

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

rope

5 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

solar

10 years

2‐3 days

needs sun

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

electric

30 years

1 week

power source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.95 - Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 3 Design Kit of Parts - Table The surface treatment used within this design consists of concrete, which fades out into brick paving. The brick paving is located within areas of slightly lower Open Space value, centred in the middle of the site. As the surfaced has changed into a less controlled material, the kit of parts also changes. The design decisions become less controlled within the site, meaning the occupation of the space based on the interpretation of the user. Once past the sun sail the site becomes less rigid and focused on parts added to it. This was a difficult concept to understand and proved a major struggle within the design research. This struggle is outlined within the strategy chapter of the design research catalogue.

107

Design Infiltration 4

Design Infiltration 4 illustrated the change from concrete to brick paving. This was important to show, as the integrity of the brick paving was vastly different to that of concrete. The brick paving could inform how the space was to function, similar to the idea portrayed within the Highline. Within the montage, cut out areas of the paving have been used to insert small pots of grasses to add to the texture of the surface. The space also transforms into a less smooth sight and really starts to touch on the temporary nature of the site. This is exciting to design with because the gradient of materials created from the strategy starts to become apparent within the progression of the site. Shops and markets were placed in the openings of the bluestone building as well as following the vector line shown in the design strategy.

Fig.96 - Photomontage of Design Infiltration 4 showing occupation of space

Fig.97 - Design Infiltration 4 Plan 1:250 at A0

108

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

Design Infiltration 4

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

110

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 4 Material Surface Type

Brick paving (Main) with wooden sleepers

Timeframe Space Exists

5 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats

Shade

Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

tree

50 years

5 years

2 ppl underneath

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

rope

5 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

solar

10 years

2‐3 days

needs sun

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

electric

30 years

1 week

power source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.98 - Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 4 Design Kit of Parts - Table The occupation of the space moves into the space as the Open Space value increases and this can be clearly seen within the Value Occupation plan. The increase in Open Space Value means that more people can be placed along the site, making a diverse spread of people across the space.

111

Design Infiltration 5

Design Infiltration 5 illustrated the full gradient change in materiality over the site. This type of design would have to exist within the first 3 years of the site development, as the projected development would spill over into the site on the Swanson Street Edge after this time. The materiality here is less controlled with grass that fades into gravel as the time frame of available space increases. Grass/ dirt has been used in the area of least Open Space value as defined by the design strategy. The types of programs are also affected here with temporary tents being used to house the market stalls. The possibility of the type of parts that can be placed within this space is limited to the 3 year time frame that this particular space is open and available for. Fig.99 - Photomontage of Design Infiltration 5 showing occupation of space

Fig.100 -Design Infiltration 5 Plan 1:250 at A0

112

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

Design Infiltration 5

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

114

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 5 Material Surface Type

Grass/ Dirt (Main) with gravel

Timeframe Space Exists

3.5 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered can be weathered

Seats

Shade Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

need light source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.101 -Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 5 Design Kit of Parts - Table The occupation of this design infiltration is evenly spread over the entire site as the whole site is activated. This is only short lived due to the project development, but that very notion of the site growing in Open Space Value then contracting again is dynamic and innovative. The parts also within the design are more temporary as they are not situated on the site for a long period of time.

115

Design Infiltration 6

Design Infiltration 6 highlights the site being contracted due to the construction. As seen in the montage, the buildings begin to add a different quality to the space. This particular design sites within the wooden sleeper material surface area. Like in the Highline, some sleepers have been extruded from the surface to aid in seating and creating walls within the design. This gives extra depth to the design. As the site contracts based on construction, the occupation is funnelled back through the pathway to the initial Victoria Street Design. However the occupation of the space does slowly decrease as the new buildings create a different open space around the bases and entrances.

Fig.102 -Photomontage of Design Infiltration 6 showing occupation of space

Fig.103 -Design Infiltration 6 Plan 1:250 at A0

116

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

Design Infiltration 6

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

118

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 6 Material Surface Type

Wooden Sleepers (Main) with gravel and brick paving

Timeframe Space Exists

5 Years

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats

Shade

Bins

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment

Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

rope

5 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

need light source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Fig.104 -Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 6 Design Kit of Parts - Table The occupation of the space is now funnelled down towards Victoria Street and the initial design infiltration. The types of parts that can also be used are becoming limited as the site is now nearing the end of its temporary lifespan. The Open Space Value of the site now influences the retraction of the space with the lower value areas being developed first.

119

Design Infiltration 7

Design Infiltration 7 is the final infiltration on the site before it is fully developed. The built form now confines the site and remnants of the former temporary site exist within the space. The gradient change of the surface is the dominated feature of this design as well as the arch way and hopscotch features. The space now becomes a thoroughfare rather than primarily rather than a pop up parkland. The nature of the temporary design allows the last infiltration to slowly fade away as the new development is finished. Once the new development is created, a plaza space is present (depicted in the Open Space Potential Chapter - Development of Site.) Fig.105 -Photomontage of Design Infiltration 7 showing occupation of space

Fig.106 -Design Infiltration 7 Plan 1:250 at A0

120

Title Here .......

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a 121

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Design Infiltration 7

Time (years)

LEGEND for 1:400 Plan Open Space Tension Lines Potential Value trend line overtime on site

Design Infiltration Value Trend Line at specifc point Occupation of Space (Dark = More People)

City Lots and Buildings Permanent Open Space

0 - Current

122

Va l u e ( D e s i r e )

Infiltration 7 Material Surface Type

Concrete and Brick Paving (Main) with wooden sleepers and astro turf

Timeframe Space Exists

7 Years (Smaller Site Size)

Parts within Area Pathways

Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

Seats Shade

Bins

Open Areas Drinking Fountain

Playground Equipment Lighting

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

single fixed point

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

plastic

20 years

1 day

need to be assembled

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source

mirrors

10 years

1 day

need light source

Fig.107 -Value Occupation Plan 1:400 at A0 Infiltration 7 Design Kit of Parts - Table The occupation of this design infiltration is mainly a thoroughfare for people walking through the site to get to specific buildings. The Open Space Value of the site has decreased and will take on another form once the site has completed development.

123

124

P r o j e c t i ng F o rw a rd

125

Re f l e ct ing o n Design Research

The design research has opened up many questions as to how to deal with impending population growth and the liveability of the city. This topic is particularly heated as most people have a strong opinion as to what should be done to better the city of Melbourne.

“Providing flexibility and responsiveness to the changing needs, opportunities and desires of the dynamic context, the project will remain perpetually unfinished, sustaining emergent growth and change overtime”

However, I feel the temporary transitioning spaces that most cities including Melbourne contain are a fantastic infiltration point into creating pop up urban open spaces that can increase the amenity of a city. If only the potential could be realised, and that is what this design research intended to uncover.

– Ricardo Scofidio: Designing the Highline (pg 31)

Planning strategies will continue to be created in an alternate future possibility. However, I feel the real challenge of increasing open space in the city is not being so literal about how it is done, and this partly explains my struggle through designing the temporary design infiltrations. I was fixed on filling a space with parkland material rather than letting the nature of the site and the value it portrayed inform the design. The idea of value can be taken from any angle, as discussed in the first chapter. However the challenge of this is trying to get the figures and numbers out of the way and focusing on the opportunity that Open Space Value adds to the city. This is difficult, as a city needs figures and money as well as politics in order to continually move forward. But this challenge also stems into the whole practice of Landscape Architecture. It is still emerging within Australia and the value of Landscape Architecture projects are still being uncovered. Can creating projects such as this one outlined in this design research catalogue aid as a pathway to increasing the understanding and value of Open Space and more importantly Landscape Architecture projects? In the near future will the need for high-rise buildings be overturned by the need for experiencing the outdoors via open space, who knows? Only time will tell.

126

“The more successful a city mingles everyday diversity of uses and users in its everyday streets, the more successfully, casually (and economically), its people thereby enliven and support well-located parks that can thus give back grace and delight to their neighbourhoods instead of vacuity” -Jane Jacobs : The Death and life of Great American Cities (pg 121)

Fig.108 -Melbourne’s Lord Mayor - Robert Doyle City Of Melbourne Fig.109 -Urban Tree Forest - Interactive Map and Data Base City Of Melbourne Fig.110 -Identifying the open space gaps within Carlton Area City of Melbourne Open Space Strategy

127

De f ining

Practice

This year has given me the opportunity to explore the type of practice I hope to pursue as a professional in the Landscape Architecture industry. It has helped me to define areas and techniques for solving design problems that I can apply to any design situation. This project has been extremely challenging over the course of the year. I chose this particular topic to test myself as a designer and to research a project worthy of a Master’s final year project.

“Perhaps the ideal way in which an architect can approach the act of drawing is to be unaware that he is actually doing it at all.” - Peter Cook: Drawing: the motive force of architecture (pg 9)

My previous four years of study had put a preconceived notion of designing the elements within a space and this was hard to break. The techniques and strategies I came up with all touched on the main ideas of the project but didn’t fully embrace and use them to their full potential. It wasn’t until late into the year that a strategy (Open Space Revaluation Strategy) was created that began to work with increasing the open space value within the city. Time did get the better of me, as it always does with design as this strategy excited me to continue to design in this particular way for the project. However this is only just the starting point for an exciting career as a Landscape Architect. I will continue to be inspired by cities and continual tensions placed on them (i.e. population growth, need for open space, reusing old industrial sites,) as cities keep evolving, adapting and changing. It is within this change that I hope to make my mark on the Landscape Architecture profession.

Fig.111 -Notting Hill Adventure Playground - England

Fig.112 -The Highline Park - New York

128

Title Here .......

129

130

A pp e n d i x

131 131

C i t y - A pp e n d i x

The city appendix allows me to add in extra work created of the year that further explains some of the design decisions taken within the project. This parts focuses on drawings and research conducted that relate to the city part of the project.

Fig.113 -Initial Evolution Diagram Research Used as initial idea in design research Fig.114 -Photomontage of Evolution Diagram with emphasis on change over time

132

Fig.115 -Millenniuem Parklands drawings Triple Bottom Line strategy

Open Space Parkland Vegetation Walls Low Lying Wetlands Commercial Area Parramatta River Small Open Space Parkland Scale Test Area

Large Rooms are separated from each other via walls and smaller rooms

Low lying areas also aid in creating small rooms

Larger spaces for active recreation

Smallers spaces created via â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Pathways help to move people through smaller spaces

Pathways surround larger spaces aiding access and creating zones

133

City - Appendix

Fig.116 -Evolution Follies Created to start looking at the relationships and bigger picture of the design research.

Main Line = Habitat (System)

Secondary lines = Elements of system

Tension still exists overall = System adapts

Remove tension of secondary line

134

Loss of tension = Overall system fails

Remove tension of Main line

Adding of more string, create more intense/ complex systems

One source point minimises overlapping (Strong Force/ Pressure)

Represents controlled environment (Froced to a point that their is minimal Adaption/ Change)

Pressure Points (Force)

Pressure causes change in string (String adapts to pressure)

Beginning to represent a system -Multiple Pressures -Multiple Connections -String must adapt Pressure Points (Force) Pressure Points (Force) Pressure Points (Force)

135

City - Appendix

Suzuki Night Market

Queen Victoria Market

Seasonal Timeframe

SUMMER

AUTUMN

WINTER

SPRING

Monthly Timeframe

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Weekly Timeframe

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Daily Timeframe Wednesday Tuesday/ Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12pm

1pm

2pm

3pm

4pm

5pm

6pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

11pm

Temporal Materials Easily Stored and Moved

Temporary Objects

• •

TRESTLE TABLE Folded Easily Moved

• •

FOOD STAND Temporary Easily Moved/ Assembled

Quick/ Easy change of space

• •

FOOD CRATE Stacked Large Volumes of Food

Fig.117 -Suzuki Night Market Exploration This was used to explore the idea of time (Adaptation Strategy) through an existing program.

136

Sydney Harbour Legend Ballast Point Park (Site) Public Parkland Ferry Transport Hubs Key Locations View Lines into Harbour

Balmain/ Birchgrove Legend Ballast Point Park (Site) Public Parkland Ferry Transport Routes Ferry Transport Hubs

Ballast Point Park Legend Ballast Point Park (Site) Public Parkland Residential Private Wharfs Historic Remnants

Fig.118 -Ballast Point Park Exploration This was used to explore the idea of scale (Adaptation Strategy) through an existing program.

137

City - Appendix

PRE- CONSTRUCTION Va c a n t S i t e -No Access/ Boarded Up

This was used to define the difference between different types of construction that occur within the city. The constraints that a multiple building would be under are vastly different to that of a single building development. The time frame of each development also varies whether it is a single or multiple building development.

TEMPORAL DESIGN

Fig.119 -Exploring the temporary lifespan of site and the design.

B a s e Wo r ks Begin

Wo r k m ove s vertically

Frame of building complete Finishes work

P O S T- C O N S T R U C T I O N Building Completed -Space Accessible

PRE- CONSTRUCTION Va c a n t S i t e -No Access/ Boarded Up

TEMPORAL DESIGN

B a s e Wo r ks Begin

Wo r k m ove s vertically

Next Building in Stage

Frame of building complete Finishes work

P O S T- C O N S T R U C T I O N Building Completed -Space Accessible

138

dt ing tse r m s h e ttheer m EV E LEONPTM(E1NBTU(I1L DB IUNI GL D D E V ED LO PM ) ING)

M DOWN E A BK RD EOAWK N

Access Vertically in Building Access Vertically in Building

D A PATDIAVPE TDI VE ES I DGENS I G N

Acc Access Ver

verse PRIVATE PUBLIC PUBLIC verse PRIVATE Access Access Building Building Foot printFoot print

R e s p o nRde st po o n d t o

Private Access Private Access

S C A L ES C A L E

Public Space ExclusiveExclusive Public Space

by by ed ted fect f f e cl s o e f Also e A

R e st po o n d t o

f f e c t e dR e s p o n d by by TIME

TIME

ExclusiveExclusive Access Access

Public Open Space Public Open Space

CTO E RR M DOWN RN U SC TT RI OUNC TTI EORNMT B E A BK RD EOAWK N

Public Access Public Access

Pre Construction Pre Construction Spaces Spaces

Post Construction Post Construction Spaces Spaces

CROE -N SC TORNUSCT TRIUOCNT I O N

1 Building1 Building Development Development

Pedestrian Pedestrian Access Access

V a c a n tVSa ictaen t S i t e A c -cNe os s A/ cBc oe as rs d/ eBdo aUrpd e d U p

Multiple Multiple Building Building Development Development

Area Boarded Boarded Area

oarskes W o r k s B a s e WBoarskes W o r k s Begin Begin n Begin

oovreks m o v e sW o r k mWoovreks m o v e s vl el yr t i c a l l y v e r t i c avl el yr t i c a l l y

Vacant Space Vacant Space

Leftover Spaces Leftover Spaces

Cityprint Lot foot print City Lot foot

Building Building foot printfoot print

ACTIVE ACTIVE Spaces Spaces

Construction Construction Area Area

N e x t BN u iel xdti nBgu i l d i n g i n S t a gi en S t a g e

Pre Pre Constru

npgl ectoem p l Fe rt ae m e Forfa m i npgl ectoem p l e t e b uei lodfi nbgu iclodm work F i n s i h eFsi nws iohr ek s w o r k

OCSOT -N SC TORNUSCT TRIUOCNT I O N

i npg l eCtoem i l d i nBgu iCl od m dpleted p a c e - SApc ac ce es s Ai bc lcee s s i b l e

Con Constructio

Pedestrian Pedestrian Access Access

Construction Area Construction Area

Active Areas Active Areas

Building Building foot printfoot print

Cityprint Lot foot print City Lot foot

dt ing h e tthees ttessi t tes i te

VELS

Z O N EZS OANREOS UANRDO U T ENSDT TS EI TS ET S I T E

D E V E L O P M E N T ( M U LT I P L E B U I L D I N G S ) Access Vertically in Building

PUBLIC verse PRIVATE Access

Building Foot print Exclusive Public Space

Public Access

Public Space Public Space Building Foot print

Hoddle H G

AreaAccess BusinessBusiness Area Public

Public Open Space

Residential Residential Area Area

Post Construction Spaces

E SE TF R IM Z O N EZS OTNI M A EMFER A AM R OE UANRDO U T ENSDT TS EI TS ET S I T E Pedestrian Access Area EducationEducation Area Weekly Timeframe for Test Site Weekly Timeframe for Test Site

nRde st po o n d t o R e s+p o nRde st po o n d t o P L A C +E TIME

Public Space Public Space

TIME

nRde st po o n d t o R e s+ p o nRde st po o n d t o

A C EP L A C+E

TransporT

Surrounding Test Site Context Surrounding Test Site Context

UMTECSO M E S

ACE

Education Education Area Area

Commercial Area Exclusive Access Commercial Area

Test Site CUB (Former Test Site (Former site)CUB site)

CBD Context CBD Context Pre Construction Spaces

Post Construction Spaces

Open SpO

Shopping Precinct Shopping Precinct Private Access

Private Access Exclusive Access

Test Area Test Area

S C A L ES C A L E

• •

Area Business Business Area

Building foot print

nRde st po o n d t o R e s+ p o nRde st po o n d t o

Construction Area

nRde st po o n d t o R e s+p o nRde st po o n d t o R e +s p o nRde st po o n d t o SCALE T I M E T I M E+ S C A L EPedestrian Access

A C EP L A C +E

Leftover Spaces

Shopping/ Commerical Vacant Space Shopping/ Commerical

LeftoverFactors Spaces both influenced Factors• both influenced by TIME by TIME • beTest willasbe same as Testit 4, hence it Test will same Test 4, hence is ruled outis ruled out

T I M E+ SCALE M EACTIVE SpacesS C A L E

Boarded Area

Residential Residential

SUNDAY

MONDAY

City Lot foot print Daily Timeframe for Test Site Daily Timeframe for Test Site

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

FRIDA

Building foot print

ACTIVE Spaces

Hub TransportTransport Hub

Small Public Parkland12am 1am12am2am1am3am2am 4am3am 5am4am 6am5am 7am6am 8am7am 9am8am10am9am11am10am12pm11am1pm12pm2pm 1pm 3pm 2pm 4pm3pm 5pm4pm 6pm5pm 7pm6pm 8 Small Public Parkland Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access

Active Areas

Construction Area

Active Areas

Building foot print

City Lot foot print

139

S i t e - A pp e n d i x

The site appendix allows me to add in extra work created of the year that further explains some of the design decisions taken within the project. This parts focuses on drawings and research conducted that relate to the site part of the project.

Fig.120 -Initial Vacant site diagram Used to conduct initial site design on the former CUB site.

140

Fig.121 -Wall and Corridor Design Ideas on former CUB Site created from exploration on Millennium Parklands.

141

Site - Appendix

Pathways

Planting Walls

Passive/ Active Spaces

Grid System

Grassed Areas

Site Plan

Scale 1 : 250 (at A1)

Layered Plan

Exploded Axo

Design Layer

Overlap Aread

Passive Areas

Large Open Spaces

Grid Layout

Site Plan

Scale 1 : 250 (at A1)

Layered Plan

142

Exploded Axo

Various Sections of Test Design

Fig.122 -Further testing on Wall and Corridor design Idea. This help to establish the sheer scale of the site and what was feasible to be designed on it. Various Sections of Test Design

143

Site - Appendix

PLACE

Programs Active

Example: Monthly Market

This relates to the time of day, week, etc. that a program can take place on site.

Zones Active

Example: Retail/ Business Hours

This relates to the zones around site and in the city that effect use during different times.

Connections Active

Example: Office Building and Open Space

This relates to the relationships between site, surrounds and the city, and how they effect each other.

Location

Connections

Physical (Setting/ Area)

Zones

Address

Residential point

Situated

Geographic point

Links

Relationship between things

Networks

The entire system

Neighbourhoods

Residential Suburb

Section

Specific Portion

Distinctiveness

Unique connection

Aesthetic

Visual or Ambient Feel/ Mood

Program

Function within space

Procedure

Relationship between programs in space

Community

Group of people that use the space

Individual

A single person

PLACE

Theorectical (Sense of Place)

Identity

Use

People Fig.123 -Exploring the term of Place within the city context. (Over next 2 Spreads) This was used to assist in designing with this term in the Adaptation Strategy.

144

V acant S it e 1 - 5 6 5 C o l l ins S tr e e t

Vacant Site

Stre

Major Roads

Spen

Minor Roads

t tree

ay) sW

cer S lins

Col

liam Wil

Stre

King nto et (i Stre

King

Littl

ins Coll

Stre

About the Site • Former Federal Building ane

• Vacant for about 15 years

ers L

Flind

t tree

ers S

Flind

Large Public Parkland Small Public Parkland Open Public Space Shopping Precinct Business Area Night Clubs/ Night Spots

Major Buildings in CBD Hoddle CBD Grid Transportation (Hubs)

rategy Technical Report (City of Melbourne)

google.com.au/maps?hl=en&tab=ll Monthly Timeframe for Site 1 Business Area

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Night Spots Transport Hub

Weekly Timeframe for Site 1 Small Public Parkland

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Daily Timeframe for Site 1

12am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12pm

1pm

2pm

3pm

4pm

5pm

6pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

11pm

145

Site - Appendix V acant S it e 2 - A ’ B E C K E T T S I T E Victoria St

reet

Vacant Site Major Roads Minor Roads

reet n St nsto Swa

eet n Str

kli Data - Open Space FranStrategy Technical Report (City of Melbourne)

Eliza

Aerial - http://maps.google.com.au/maps?hl=en&tab=ll

About the Site

et Stre beth

• Size of site has changed in recent years due to RMIT development

eet tt Str ecke

A’B

e La Littl

robe La T

e Trob

• Carpark before and after development

et Stre

Stre

Little

ale

Lonsd

Education Area Small Public Parkland Open Public Space Shopping Precinct Commercial Area Night Clubs/ Night Spots Major Buildings in CBD

Greek Precinct Transportation (Hubs)

Monthly Timeframe for Site 2 Education Area

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Night Spots Transport Hub

Weekly Timeframe for Site2 Shopping Precinct

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Daily Timeframe for Site 2

12am

146

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12pm

1pm

2pm

3pm

4pm

5pm

6pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

11pm

V acant S it e 3 - S avo y T av e rn S it e et Stre

Spen

et Stre King

dale

Lons

Vacant Site

t tree

cer S

Major Roads t tree rke S

Minor Roads

Bou

Little

About the Site et

re e St ourk

• Former Tavern and night spot

• Vacant building since 1995

Little

eet s Str

Collin

t tree

ins S

Coll

Education Area Open Public Space Transportation (Hubs) Shopping Precinct Business Area Night Clubs/ Night Spots

Major Buildings in CBD Hoddle CBD Grid

Monthly Timeframe for Site 3 Open Public Space

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Night Spots Transport Hub

Timeframe Site 3of Melbourne) ace StrategyWeekly Technical Reportfor(City Shopping Precinct

maps.google.com.au/maps?hl=en&tab=ll SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Daily Timeframe for Site 3

12am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12pm

1pm

2pm

3pm

4pm

5pm

6pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

11pm

147

Site - Appendix

SCALE

Site

Example: CUB Site

Surround

Example: Surrounding Streets of CUB Site

City

Example: Melbourne CBD/ Hoddle Grid

Mass

Distance

Physical (Measurement)

Length

This relates to the difference over time within the site.

This relates to the difference over time within the surrounds of the site.

This relates to the difference over time within the City.

Form

Shape / Arrangement

Volume

Capacity

Expanse

Area

Space

Opening

Dimension

Width/ Height value

Interval

Section/ Pause/ Break

Evaluation

Findings

Contrast

Difference

Knowledge

Understanding/ Information

Concept

Thought Process

Outcome

Result/ Product

Influence

Impact/ Power

SCALE

Theorectical (Degree of Difference)

Comparison

Idea

Effect Fig.124 -Exploring the term of Scale within the city context. (Over next 2 Spreads) This was used to assist in designing with this term in the Adaptation Strategy.

148

T est zones L E V E L S

Test Site (Former CUB site)

Surrounding Test Site Context CBD Context

Z ones A round T est S ite Test Area

Open Space

Education Area

Transportation (Hubs)

Public Space

Hoddle Grid (City CBD edge)

Shopping Precinct Commercial Area Business Area Residential Area

Z ones T imeframe A round T est S ite Education Area

Weekly Timeframe for Test Site

Public Space Shopping/ Commerical SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

Business Area Residential

Daily Timeframe for Test Site

Transport Hub Small Public Parkland

12am

1am

2am

3am

4am

5am

6am

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am

12pm

1pm

2pm

3pm

4pm

5pm

6pm

7pm

8pm

9pm

10pm

149

11pm

Site - Appendix

150

151

Site - Appendix

M OP

GO F

Old Derelict Building/ Site

S TA G I N

Unutilised Site (Temporary State for Design Research)

Construction on Site Site Conditions Site Tensions Financial Value - Existing Open Space Value - Design

Fig.125 -Initial explorations of the former CUB site during the Overlay and Open Space Revaluation Strategies. These drawings and diagrams were further explored in drawings within the strategy chapter of the design research catalogue.

152

New Development

153

Site - Appendix

Fig.126 -Hand drawing of initial design idea for Open Space Revaluation Strategy. Notice that the design here is still focused on filling the space with stuff rather than letting the occupation of space determine the spaces program.

154

155

Site - Appendix

Fig.127 -Kit of Part Tables and Diagrams used for design in the Overlay Strategy. These later are changed and combined to all work together in the Open Space Revaluation Strategy.

Design Test 1 : Parkland

Design Test 1: Parkland Parts within a Park Year On e

Construction Tension

H Very

Spatial Tension Access Tension

Pathways

igh

High

Growth Tension (Shade) o Tw ar Ye

dium Me

Seats

Year Seve n

Low

Low Very

Shade

Year Th ree

Bins

Six ar Ye

Open Areas

ur Fo ar Ye

Drinking Fountain

Year Five

Playground Equipment

Lighting

How these parts can be envisaged Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

bench/ chair

5 years

0.5 day

2‐3 ppl sit

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

tree

50 years

5 years

2 ppl underneath

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath 16 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

grass/ turf

10‐15 years

3 months

soft surface

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

soft‐mid surface

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

fountain

5 years

2 days

single fixed point

tap

15 years

1 day

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

metal playground

20 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled need to be assembled

single fixed point

rope

5 years

0.5 day

plastic

20 years

1 day

mouds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

wood

3 years

0.5 day

need to be assembled

L.E.D

5 years

1 day

bright light

solar

10 years

2‐3 days

needs sun

reflective strips

5 years

1 hour

need light source need light source

need to be assembled

mirrors

10 years

1 day

electric

30 years

1 week

power source

flame (fire

2‐3 hours

1 min

can be blown out

Design Test 2 : Urban Tree Farm

Design Test 2: Urban Tree Farm Parts within a Park Year On e

Construction Tension

H Very

Spatial Tension Maintenance Tension

Trees

igh

High

Soil

Growth Tension (Shade) o Tw ar Ye

dium Me

Water

Year Seve n

Low

Low Very

Six ar Ye

Year Th ree

ur Fo ar Ye Year Five

156

3+ ppl sit

How these parts can be envisaged Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

trees

50 years

5 years

Tall growth

shrubs

20‐25 years

2‐3 years

grasses

2‐4 years

1‐2 years

Short ‐ Medium growth

ground soil

10‐20 years

2‐3 hours

fixed

Medium growth

potted soil

3‐5 years

2‐3 hours

portable

tap

15 years

1 day

fixed

bucket

10 years

1 min

portable

Design Test 3 : Found Object Space

Design Test 3: Found Object Space Parts within a Park Year On e

Construction Tension

H Very

Spatial Tension Access Tension

Pathways

igh

High

o Tw ar Ye

dium Me

Seats

Year Seve n

Low

Low Very

Shade

Year Th ree

Bins

Six ar Ye

Open Areas

Drinking Fountain Playground Equipment

How these parts can be envisaged Item

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

gravel

12 months

1 week

fixed

pavers

10 years

1 week

fixed

wooden crate

5 years

2 mins

3‐4 ppl

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath 16 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

shipping container

40 years

1 week

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

fake turf

20 years

2‐3 days

hard surface

rubber soft fall

10 years

1 week

sand

3 weeks

0.5 day

very soft surface

tan bark

1 year

1 day

soft surface

bottled water

1 year

instant

portable

wooden crates

5 years

2 mins

stacked

mounds

10 years

1 week

shaped or stacked

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

stacked

ur Fo ar Ye Year Five

Design Test 4 : Car Park

15 ppl underneath

soft‐mid surface

Design Test 4: Car Park Parts within a Park Year On e

Construction Tension

H Very

Spatial Tension Access Tension

Surface

igh

High

Surface Tension

Fence

o Tw ar Ye

dium Me

Lifespan

Setup

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

10 years

1 week

fixed

ashfelt

5‐7 years

2‐3 days

cones

5 years

2 mins

3‐4 ppl

Temporary fence

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

wooden sleepers

Low

Year Seve n

How these parts can be envisaged Item

Pay Station

Low Very

Detail

fixed

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

tent

5 years

1 day

portable

shipping container

40 years

1 week

heavy must be transported

portable office

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

heavy must be transported

Six ar Ye

Year Th ree

ur Fo ar Ye Year Five

Design Test 5 : Rolling Market

Design Test 5: Rolling Market Parts within a Park Year On e

Construction Tension

H Very

Spatial Tension Access Tension

Surface

igh

Lifespan

Setup

Detail

dirt

6 months

2 days

can be weathered

sand

3 weeks

2 days

can be weathered

concrete

High

Surface Tension

Fence

o Tw ar Ye

dium Me

Parking Office/ Market Space

Low Very

Year Th ree

Seats

Six ar Ye

Shade

1 week

fixed

5‐7 years

2‐3 days

fixed

5 years

2 mins

3‐4 ppl

Temporary fence

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

marque tent

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

portable office

2‐5 years

0.5 hour

15 ppl underneath

wooden crate

5 years

2 mins

3‐4 ppl

stump

2 years

1 hour

1‐2 ppl sit

milk crate

10 years

2 mins

1 person sit

rock

20 years

0.5 day

1 person sit

concrete column

20 years

2 days

3+ ppl sit

sun sail

5 years

1 day

20 ppl underneath

umbrella

1 year

5 mins

8 ppl underneath

0.5 hour

16 ppl underneath

marque tent

Bins

10 years

ashfelt cones wooden sleepers

Low

Year Seve n

How these parts can be envisaged Item

2‐5 years

shipping container

40 years

1 week

15 ppl underneath

drum

5 years

moved on site

large capacity

milk crate

10 years

moved on site

small capacity

wheelie bin

15 years

moved on site

large capacity

157

ur Fo ar Ye Year Five

Site - Appendix

Fig.128 -Base CAD drawings of designing on the site based on the Open Space Revaluation Strategy. Again you can see that the design is still moving objects around in the space Drawings are 1:250 at A0 Progress top layer to bottom layer left to right

158

159

Site - Appendix

Top Row: Initial Design Bottom Row: 12 Month Design

S t r e e t

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

160

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

Drawings are 1:250 at A0

B o u v e r i e

Fig.129 -Base CAD drawings of designing on the site based on the Open Space Revaluation Strategy. This were created in response to the previous drawings. They have less objects in the space but is still focusing on moving stuff around the site

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

S t r e e t

161

Site - Appendix

Bottom Row: 5 Year Design

S t r e e t

Top Row: 2 Year Design

S w a n s t o n

Drawings are 1:250 at A0

B o u v e r i e

Fig.130 -Continuing base CAD drawings of designing on the site based on the Open Space Revaluation Strategy.

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

162

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

S t r e e t

163

Site - Appendix

Bottom Row: Completed Development

S t r e e t

Top Row: 6/ Year Design

S w a n s t o n

Drawings are 1:250 at A0

B o u v e r i e

Fig.131 -Continuing base CAD drawings of designing on the site based on the Open Space Revaluation Strategy.

V i c t o r i a

S t r e e t

S w a n s t o n

B o u v e r i e

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

V i c t o r i a

164

S t r e e t

Q u e e n s b e r r y

S t r e e t

165

166

167

References

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

168

Adam Cooper (2012), Derelict to gourmet: chef and council to transform vacant block, Published by The Melbourne Times Weekly, <http://www.melbournetimesweekly.com.au/story/400578/derelict-to-gourmet-chef-and-council-to-transform-vacant-block/> An Inconvenient Truth: Al Gore (2006), Directed by Davis Guggenheim, Published in the USA, [Documentary] BBC Earth – Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (2012), Published by BBC, Hosted by Richard Fortey, [Documentary] Becoming Human (2012), Published by SBS Australia, [Documentary] Bruce Guthrie (2013), The city’s eyesores should be put to good use, for everyone’s sake, Published by The Age, <http://www.theage. com.au/comment/the-citys-eyesores-should-be-put-to-good-use-for-everyones-sake-20130420-2i782.html> City of Melbourne (2013), City of Melbourne Open Space Strategy: Technical Report, <http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ AboutCouncil/Meetings/Lists/CouncilMeetingAgendaItems/Attachments/9974/5.3%20Open%20Space%20Strategy%20 (pages%2041%20to%20332).pdf> Dobbin, R & Dowling, J (2013), City Apartment ‘Frenzy’, <http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/city-apartment-frenzy-20121230- 2c1hm. html?rand=1359437719466> Fabio (2013), Melbourne’s worst eyesore, <http://www.fabiot.net/photos/melbournes-worst-eyesore/> Friends of The Highline (2008), Designing the High Line: Gansevoort Street to 30th Street, Published by Finlay Printing, New York, USA Future Melbourne Committee (2013), Notice of Motion: Differential Rates, <http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutCouncil/ Meetings/Lists/CouncilMeetingAgendaItems/Attachments/10658/7.4%20NOTICE%20OF%20MOTION%20CR%20ONG.pdf> Gehl, J & Gemzoe, L (2001), New City Spaces, 2nd Edition, Published by The Danish Architectural Press, Copenhagen History Channel – Our planet (the Past, Present and Future of Earth) (2011), Published by The History Channel, [Documentary] Jane Jacobs (1961), The Death and life of Great American Cities: The failure of Town planning, Published by Random House, USA Jane Lee (2013), City council approves higher rates for empty, derelict blocks, Published by The Age, <http://www.theage.com.au/ victoria/city-council-approves-higher-rates-for-empty-derelict-blocks-20130416-2hypg.html> Jason Dowling (2013), City within a city for Age site, Published by The Age, <http://theage.domain.com.au/real-estate-news/city- within-a-city-for-age-site-20130129-2dijq.html> Jim Tokuhisa (2013), Oxygen Production: Trees vs Grass, <http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/bot00/bot00775.htm> John Gollings (2010), Aerial Shot of Melbourne, Published by JCP Studios, <http://www.jcpstudios.com.au/wp-content/ uploads/2010/09/ aerial-Melb.jpg> Kevin Lynch (1984), Good City Form, Published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press Landezine (2013), Installations, <http://www.landezine.com/index.php/category/stream/by-typology/temporary-installations/> Maurice Dunlevy (2013), Grocon in last call for CUB site, Published by The Australain, <http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/b usiness-old/grocon-in-last-call-for-cub-site/story-e6frg9gx-1111112380926> News (2011), Jolimont, <http://resources0.news.com.au/images/2011/02/15/1226006/591660-jolimont.jpg> Peter Cook (2008), Drawing: the motive force of architecture, Published in Great Britain in 2008 by Wiley & Sons Ltd Rahmann, H & Jonas, M (2011), Urban Voids: The Hidden Dimension of Temporary Vacant Spaces In Rapidly Growing Cities, <http:// soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0229_final.pdf> Robert Full (2012), Engineering and Evolution, [Video], <http://www.pearltrees.com/#/N-u=1_88447&N-fa=980692&N- s=1_2720605&N-f=1_2720605&N-p=19815939> RMIT University (2006), CUB Site Development, <http://architecture.rmit.edu.au/About/CUB_site.php> RMIT University (2012), Exposure 00 Design: Research Practice In Landscape Architecture, Published by Melbourne Books, Melbourne, Australia Skyscraper Life (2013), Project: Carlton United Brewery (6 towers), <http://www.skyscraperlife.com/victoria/13272-project-carlton- united-brewery-6-towers.html> <http://the3gairs.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/valueofatree.pdf> The MP Report (2013), Singapore Group takes interest in Grocon site, <http://thempreport.com.au/2013/03/27/singapore-group- takes-interest-in-melbournes-cub-site/> Tim Richardson (2008), Avant Gardeners: 50 Visionaries of The Contemporary Landscape, Published by Thames & Hudson Ltd, London Urban Melbourne (2013), <http://urbanmelbourne.info/> VCAT Administrative Division (2013), Land Valuation List, <http://www.mgv.com.au/dmdocuments/ISPT_pty_ltd_v_melbourne_city_ council.pdf> Ware, S & Raxworthy, J (2011),Sunburnt: Landscape Architecture in Australia, Issue 05, Published by Sun architecture Publishers and authors, Amsterdam

Image Credits

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aerial Image of Melbourne CBD – Fig.35 Aldo Van Eyck playground – Fig. 82, 111 Archigram – Fig. 50 Argus Building Photo – Fig.11 City of Melbourne – Fig. 108, 109 City Of Melbourne Open Space Strategy Guide – Fig. 7, 8, 110 CJ Lim - Fig. 45 Desvigne and Dalknoky – Fig. 2 Gap Fillers – Fig. 51, 52 Google Maps – Fig.13, 14, 17, 18 and 19 Highline Parkland – Fig. 79, 80, 81, 112 Jolimont Railway Yards Photo – Fig.10 Lebbeus Woods – Fig. 40, 43, 44, 48, 49 Millennium Parklands – Fig. 71 New Developments on former CUB site – Fig. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Old CUB site photos – Fig. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 Place au Changement Project – Fig. 63 Savoy Tavern Photo – Fig.12 Section 8 – Fig. 64 Urban Coffee Farm and Brew Bar – Fig. 65

169

Acknowledgements

It is with deep appreciation that I would like thank the following people for their continual help and assistance over the course of my final year. Without their input into my work, I honestly donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think I could be presenting a research project. All the Masters of Landscape Architecture tutors for their continual time and effort each week. In particular I would like to thank the following: Jock Gilbert Charles Anderson Craig Douglas Marieluise Jonas Rosalea Monacella Lousia King All the presentation crits over the year who gave up their time to give valuable feedback to my project. My fellow final year students who stressed with me and helped me regain motivation when the design just didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem to working. It is nice to know that youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not alone when things are going wrong. To my family, especially my Mum, Barbara. She listened to many presentation rehearsals, ideas and looked over endless drawings over the course of the year. Also to my sister in law Kirra. She has also been through Masters in a design course a fully understands the stress and time it takes to come up with a strong design. And finally I would like to thank my boyfriend Keegan. He was overseas on an army deployment during the first semester of final year, which was difficult at the best of times, but his ongoing support allowed me to stay motivated right until the end.

I hope whoever reads this design research gets as much excitement out of it as I did creating it - Sarah Lerm

170