The Scientific Journal of the Modern Education & Research Institute, Issue 13/2020, 15.03.2020 by Modern Education and Research Institute

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

15 March 2020 â&#x20AC;˘ Brussels, Belgium

Special Edition:

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Open Mind, Open Science, Open for Collaboration

Scientific Journal

of the Modern Education

& Research Institute

ISSN 2506-8040

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

In cooperation with our members:

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The Modern Education & Research Institute is happy to present its member L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

ENU opened its doors on 1 April 2019 in Brussels, the capital of the European Union. The high level management of the University signed an agreement with the Modern Education & Research Institute in regard to hosting the EU Representation of the ENU in charge for internationalisation and development of international cooperation. The EU Representation opening ceremony was held by the ENU’s First Vice-Rector at that time Moldazhanova Assemgul Alexandrovna at the MERI’s headquarter in Brussels. In addition to the official delegation from the University, the event was attended by the representatives of the academic communities of Kazakhstan and the European Union, as well as EU officials. The ceremony ended with a press conference for the Kazakhstan and European media. A significant work preceded the opening of the Representation. ENU was founded in 1996 with the personal participation of the first President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. It was a response to the rapidly changing educational environment of the 20th century and the first attempt to elevate the Kazakhstan system of education to the world level. The Modern Education & Research Institute is committed to support educators and university administrators of ENU in modernising their activities by advising on modern approaches to higher education in a global context as well as in researching, recognising and timely adapting to changes in the global social and academic environment.

Ekaterina Tsaranok,

Director Modern Education & Research Institute

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

CONTENT I. The Guide to L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University 1.

Welcome to L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University .................................... 10

2. Rector of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University........................................... 11 3.

Mission & Scientific Potential..................................................................................................... 13

Opportunities for Research Cooperation......................................................................... 15

Knowledge Transfer and Commercialisation............................................................... 17

Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science.................................................. 20

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

in the International Rankings.................................................................................................. 25 8.

Scientific Journals of the L.N. Gumilyov

Eurasian National University..................................................................................................... 26

Lifelong Learning................................................................................................................................ 27

10. Scientific Library.................................................................................................................................. 28

II. Research at the Heart of the International Cooperation 11. Aimukhambet Zhanat, Beisenbay Ardak, Sayfulina Flera TURKIC EPIC-DASTANS: THE MYTHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HEROES L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan. Kazan Federal University, Kazan................................................................................................................... 31 12. Alimgazin Аltay, Saule Alimgazina, Кanat Dyussenov USING OF THE HEAT PUMP PLANT IN NEW BLOCK-MODULAR VERSION FOR RECOVERY OF LOW-GRADE L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, BMTU LLP, Nur-Sultan.............................. 39 13. Baikhozhayeva Bakhytkul THE MAIN GOAL OF A CAREER IS QUALITY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 47 14.

Bokayev Nurzhan EURASIAN MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE AT THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan........................................................................ 51

15. Daurenbekov Dulat, Kainarbay Asset RESEARCH OF NANOCOMPOSITES AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 53 7

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

16. Glazyrin Sergey, Gulnara Merzadinova, Gennadiy Varlamov, Pyotr Barabash, Valeriy Petrenko, Andrey Solomaha, Mikhail Ermolaev Hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems for haul trucks in mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kiev «GAB – group of outsourcing companies» LLP, Nur-Sultan..................................................................... 57 17.

Kremenchutskiy Anatoliy, Riza Akhitova IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTRODUCTION OF KAIZEN PHILOSOPHY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 64

18. Kuterbekov Kairat, Marzhan Kubenova, Kenzhebatyr Bekmyrza, Asset Kabyshev Eurasian Institute of Physico-Energy Research and High Technology L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 67 19. Nurtazina Roza SOCIAL ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGY «KAZAKHSTAN-2050» L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 72 20. Rakhymzhan Zhanar, Raykhan Beisenova SALINE SOILS - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 83 21. Shakhmov Zhanbolat INFLUENCE TO CONSTRUCTION OF FREEZING AND CLIMATIC DATA CHANGES OF COLD MONTHS OF NUR-SULTAN DURING 2007-2017 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 89 22. Temirgaliyev Nurlan, NurlanNauryzbayev, Aksaule Zhubanysheva SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIONS OF L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan......................................................................... 93

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

I. The Guide to L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

After its launch in 1996, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU) pursued a course to consolidate its position as a hub of European knowledge and science in Central Asia. Currently, ENU is the only higher education institution in the region that is included in the prestigious international ranking of young universities QS «Top 50 Under 50». Students from 25 countries of the world made their choice in favour of modern and high quality education provided by the qualified teaching staff of ENU. Thus, the opening of the University Representation in Brussels serves as a strategic step to increase the level of modernisation and internationalisation of the university, as well as to develop fundamental and applied science together with the European colleagues. Education and science in the age of information technologies and big data becomes the driving force of economic growth, increases the efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy. Currently, the university is ranked 51st among 350 universities in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia according to the QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia. Students are trained at the 13 faculties of the University in the field of international relations, tourism and IT technologies, nuclear physics and radio electronics, architecture and design, transport logistics and industrial technologies, space technology, ecology and biotechnology, computer hardware and software, mathematical and computer modelling, etc. ENU has the 25 scientific departments, including 17 research institutes, 3 research laboratories and 5 research centres. In 2019, the postdoctoral programme was lunched in ENU. ENU is a leader of Erasmus program in «International Credit Mobility» and «Capacity Building in Higher Education». The Erasmus network of ENU includes more than 50 universities in Europe. In 2018 ENU opened chair Jean Monnet European Diplomacy. ENU is closely cooperating with more than 170 universities in the world. In addition to the EU, Kazakhstan’s cultural and educational centres operate internationally thanks to ENU in Belarus, Iran, China, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Turkey. ENU is a publisher of 17 scientific journals, two of them, «Eurasian Mathematical Journal», «Eurasian Journal of Mathematical and Computer Applications», are included into international databases «Web of Science» and «Scopus». In 2019 ENU received the project «Law in Central Asia: the legal culture and business environment in Central Asia» in the framework of the program named after Maria Skłodowska-Curie, funded by the European Union «Horizon 2020» Internationalization of academic and research aspects of ENU is one of the main priorities of further development. We are happy to share our achievements and present the special issue of The Scientific Journal of the Modern education & Research Institute dedicated to the scientific potential of ENU for international cooperation.

Yerlan Sydykov

Rector, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University 10

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Rector of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Sydykov Yerlan Battashevich, Scientist-historian, lawyer, doctor of historical sciences, professor, Academician and Vice President of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan

EDUCATION: 1978 – S.Kirov Kazakh State University, specialty «History» 2004 – Kazakh Humanitarian Law University, specialty «Lawyer»

WORK EXPERIENCE: 1978-1996 1996-1997 1997-2004 2004-2008 2008-2011 Since 2011

– from the trainee researcher to the head of a higher educational institution – a consultant to the Civil Service and Personnel Department of the Government Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Rector of Shakarim Semipalatinsk State University – Rector of Semipalatinsk State Pedagogical Institute – Rector of Shakarim Semipalatinsk State University – Rector of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

PUBLICATIONS: Author of science education books, such as Shakarim (published in the biography series of Life of outstanding people, Molodaya Gvardiya, Moscow, 2012) and Zhambyl (Fiction, Moscow, 2015) More than 20 monographs, about 200 scientific and methodical articles

AWARDS: 2001 – breastplate «Honorary Worker of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2001 – jubilee medals «10 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2005 – «Kazakstannin enbek sinirgen kayratkeri»(«Honored Worker of Kazakhstan») 2005 – «10 years of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2010 – the Orders «Parasat» 2011 – jubilee medals «20 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2013 – public award of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan « The Golden Medal «Birlik» 2014 – «Kazakhstan maslikhattarana – 20 zhyl» (Maslikhats of Kazakhstan – 20 years) 2015 – Medal «20 Years of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2015 – medal «20 Years of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan»

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

2015 – «Barys» of the II degree 2015 – the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS Member States Medal «For Strengthening Parliamentary Cooperation» 2016 – the Gratitude of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2016 – the Certificate of Honor of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2016 – jubilee medals «25 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2016 – «25 years of the prosecutor’s office of the Republic of Kazakhstan» 2019 – «Kazakhstan maslikhattarana – 25 zhyl»(Maslikhats of Kazakhstan – 20 years)

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Mission and SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is the national university focused on the close integration of education, science and industry. Our mission is to become a leading research and education hub in the Eurasian region, which will provide favourable conditions for conducting research and acquiring advanced knowledge; which will train specialists able to develop the priority sectors of the economy and be accountable to the Government and to society for the outcome of their activities. The formation of a university as a university of an international level poses practical tasks for conducting fundamental research in priority areas of science and technology. In view of this, the general direction of the university’s research activity is participation in solving the basic problems of fundamental science. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University identified priority 6 areas in the Development Program of the University as a research university until 2023: • Mathematics and Information Technology, • Physical Sciences and Nuclear Technologies, • Biology and Biotechnologies, • Scientific Foundations of «Mongilik El», • Chemical Sciences, • Energy, Transport and Construction. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University founded scientific schools in those research areas under the supervision of our leading scientists in the field of natural science: • Biology – Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bersimbay R.I., Professor Abiev S., Professor Omarov R. and others, • Mathematics – Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Oinarov R., Professor Temirgaliyev N. and others, • Physics – Corresponding member of NAS RK Myrzakulov R., Professor Kadyrzhanov K.K., Professor Akilbekov A.T., Professor Aryngazin A.K., Professor Kuterbekov K.A., • Chemistry – Professor Erkasov R.Sh., Professor Rakhmadieva S.B., Professor Irgibaeva I.S. and others. The University is rightfully proud of the scientific achievements of its scientists in social and humanitarian sciences in such areas as: • Philosophy – Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Abdildin Zh.M., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Yesim Garifolla,

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

• • •

History – Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Komekov B. K., Professor Salgarauly K., professor Zakenuly T., Philology – Academician of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kaskabasov S.A., Academician of NAS RK Kamzabekuly D., Professor Zholdasbekov M. and others, Archeology – Professor Khabdullina M.K.

As a part of the priority areas, fundamental and applied research projects are being implemented by leading scientists with high citation rates (h-index): • In the field of «Physics», invited foreign professor from South China Pedagogical University Inerbaev T. (h-index-18) implements projects in the framework of technical physics. • A visiting professor from the University of Tokyo Denki (Japan) Alimkhan K. (h-index-4) took part in the preparation of projects in the field of «Mathematical and Computer Modeling». • Among the domestic scientists actively participating in the implementation of various scientific projects, the following scientists have high citation rates (h-index): Myrzakulov R. – 36, Bersimbaev R.I. – 12, Zdorovets M.V.– 15, Kozlovskiy A.L. – 13, Zhumadilov K.Sh. – 12, Akilbekov A.T. – 10, Suleimen E.M. – 10, Alikulov Z.A. – 9, Dauletbekova A.K. – 9, Kadyrzhanov K.K. – 9, Aryngazin A.K. – 8, Irgibaeva I. – 8, Korolkov I.V. – 8, Myrzakulova Sh.R. – 7, Kuterbekov K.A. – 6, Myrzakulov K.R. – 6, Ospanov K.N. – 6, Boranbayev S.N. – 5, Sabitov Zh.M.– 5, Shlimas D.I. – 5, Bekmanova G.T. – 4, Bulgakova O. – 4, Erkasov R.Sh. – 4, Iskakov K.T. – 4 and etc. Thus, the research carried out at the University is aimed at further development of ENU as a major scientific and research centre in Kazakhstan, as well as its scientific and scientific-pedagogical schools and the creation of the high-tech innovative infrastructure at the University.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Opportunities for Research Cooperation The Department of Scientific and Technology Programs The Department of Scientific and Technology Programs organises and promotes fundamental and applied research in seven priority areas of science: 1. Rational use of natural resources, including water resources, geology, processing, new materials and technologies, safe products and constructions; 2. Informational, telecommunication and space technologies, scientific research in the field of natural sciences; 3. Science about life and health; 4. Scientific basis ÂŤMangilik ElÂť (education of the 21st century, basic and application studies in the field of the human sciences); 5. Sustainable development of agro-industrial complex and safety of agricultural products; 6. National security and defence; 7. Energy and mechanical engineering.

Combined semi-industrial wastewater treatment facility

Scanning electron microscope JOEL-7500F

Cyclotron DC-60

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The Department carries out search for budgetary and extra budgetary funding for science, organises participation in competitions and tenders for research work. Currently, the department oversees: • 79 projects of grant funding and 5 program-targeted funding for scientific and (or) scientific and technical programs. These projects include foreign collaboration with universities from 10 countries. Moreover, there are 1 project of EU Research and Innovation programme Horizon 2020, 2 projects on state assignment, and 15 extra budgetary funding projects. Based on the obtained results, articles were published in highly rated scientific journals, patents for scientific inventions used in production were obtained, such as a combined semi-industrial waste water treatment facility, that can solve environmental problems in the poultry industry related to water reuse using water recycling technology and chlorine-free disinfection of technological lines of the production cycle; • 25 scientific departments, including 17 research institutes, 3 research laboratories, 5 research centres, which are equipped with advanced equipment, such as the heavy ion accelerator DC-60, which can be used for irradiation of various materials and production of track-etched membranes; scanning electron microscope JSM-7500F/2007; X-ray diffractometer – for study of the crystal structure of different materials and substances. The Department of Scientific and Technology Programs holds seminars and training workshops in order to attract faculty members to participate in the scientific, technical and innovative programs and grant competitions, contributing to the development of the university.

The Department of academic staff and post-doctoral certification The goal of the Department of Academic Staff and Post-doctoral Certification of the Science Department at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is to prepare highly qualified academic-pedagogical staff and develop mainstream directions of science and technology. In this regard, the Department is entrusted with the following tasks: • Implementation of organizational, methodological and informative-analytical support of work on the University dissertation council; • Expansion of academic partnership with universities in the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign academic institutions in order to attract doctoral graduates to defence on the basis of dissertational council of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; • Partnership with local and foreign academicians to carry out post-doctoral programmes; • Submission of documents to post-doctoral degree and methodological, informative support for post-doctoral programme applicants. Currently 20 dissertational councils are working on conferring PhD degrees in 32 majors of naturaltechnical and humanitarian sciences. ENU issues its own PhD diplomas on the basis of dissertational council decision. The post-doctoral programmes have been launched to attract young talented academicians. At the moment, ENU has opened a call for: material engineering (nanotechnology and nano-materials) and construction (geotechnology). Applications in other areas of science will start being accepted in the coming years.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Knowledge Transfer and Commercialisation at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University For all universities in the world an issue of integrating science with industry and business is one of the problems of current interest. In this regard, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On the Commercialisation of the Results of Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities» adopted in October 2015 and as well as amendments to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Education» introduced in 2018 to a certain extent create favourable conditions for the commercialisation of technologies and for the further integration of university research process and business. Currently, one of the key activity directions of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (hereinafter-ENU) is the commercialisation of technological innovative developments of researchers and scientists. To date, an innovative commercialisation infrastructure has been created at ENU, aimed to support the creative initiatives of scientists and students. By the Decree of the Rector of ENU on December 24, 2014 Technology Commercialisation Department (hereinafter referred to as TCD) was created, the director of which was Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor Kargin Zhumat Beysembekovich by the time he returned to Kazakhstan after a one-year internship at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge as a part of education under the international program «Bolashak». Structurally TCD consists of two departments: Commercialization Department and Innovation Patent Service Department. At the same time, TCD was tasked to provide all-round support to scientists, staff and students of ENU in the commercialisation of their results of scientific and scientific-technical activities including the results of intellectual creative activity and market promotion of new or improved goods, processes, services and scientific developments made within the university. The activity of TCD is aimed at solving the strategic tasks which ENU is facing on the path of its transformation into a national research university. One of the promising directions of commercialisation at ENU is projects in the development of green economy. There are two aspects as to why green technology needs to be developed. First, the growing demand for new energy sources. The second one is about it being a solution to the environmental problems of humanity. In this regard, ENU scientists and researchers are trying to contribute to the development of alternative energy sources based on the use of renewable energy sources.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Thus, since 2017, under the guidance of a professor at the Department of Thermal Engineering, Alimgazin A.Sh. on the basis of the production enterprise KSP Steel LLP, a technological project for the disposal of waste water from the technical water supply system and the reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere through the use of heat pump systems is being successfully implemented. Energy supply of KSP Steel LLP is carried out through the supply expense of deliveries of thermal and electric from TPP-3 in Pavlodar. The company annually spends about 3.5-4 billion tenge for the purchase of heat (about 46 Gcal / hour) and electric energy. This project allows KSP Steel LLP to obtain economic benefits both by reducing the volume of purchased thermal energy, and by reducing environmental charges due to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from enterprises. Financing of the project is carried out through JSC Science Fund. The total project cost is 183 million tenge. On the other hand, at the end of January of this year, in Schuchinsk, Akmola region, a system for the preparation of a water-oil emulsion has started working on an industrial scale. The scientific development by the Director of the Innovation Park at ENU Kim V. M. is aimed at solving the issues of energy efficiency and reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere associated with the process of burning fuel oil in urban boilers. The principle of technology is in a special mixing of certain portions of water and fuel oil. The introduction of the innovative installation was made possible thanks to the public-private partnership of the local government of Shchuchinsk with a private investor and the University. Preliminary industrial tests carried out during the year gave grounds to transfer all 6 city boiler houses to alternative fuel at once. For two months of use, the city authorities of Shchuchinsk were able to save more than 900 tons of fuel oil, or about 90 million tenge. At the same time, environmental measurements have confirmed a sharp decrease in emissions of carbon monoxide, sulphur and other harmful impurities. The inventive activity and protection of intellectual property occupies a special place in the process of commercialisation. In Kazakhstan, intellectual property issues are regulated by the laws of the Republic 18

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

of Kazakhstan such laws as: Patent Law; On copyright and related rights; On the protection of breeding achievements; On trademarks, service marks and appellations of origin; On the legal protection of integrated topologies microcircuits Âť, etc. Scientists have the opportunity to secure a priority for any product or service by obtaining appropriate patents and copyright certificates. Scientists have the opportunity to secure priority for any product or service by obtaining appropriate patents and copyright certificates. Thus, in 2017 scientists and researchers of ENU received 4 patents from the international patent office. It is obvious that the evolutionary process of product commercialisation begins with the emergence of an idea and ends with the creation of large-scale, mass production. At the same time, if the final product of science and research is the generation of new knowledge, then for the process of commercialisation, the final product in the promotion of innovative products is the money received from their sale. Due to the novelty of the commercialisation for universities, when promoting the innovative development of scientists on the market, many obstacles arise that must be overcome. The experience of TCD allows us to say that as for ENU as for all universities of Kazakhstan there are two main factors, which have a negative impact on the processes of promoting innovative developments of scientists on the market. First of all, it is a disinterest in the business of these innovations and a lack of relevant experience in the commercialisation of universities themselves. Despite the difficulties TCD is optimistic that ENU will soon receive the status of a national research university. Obviously, to a certain extent, this will be the merit of TCD staff, as well as all ENU scientists who devote their time to searching for new, promising discoveries that will be in demand by Kazakhstan and foreign enterprises.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Laboratory of engineering profile of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is a modern center of nanotechnology and materials science Laboratory of engineering profile of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is a modern center of nanotechnology and materials science Laboratory of engineering profile on the basis of the Interdisciplinary research complex at the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University was established by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan №120 dated March 15, 2007. The heart of the laboratory is the DC-60 heavy-ion accelerator complex, which is a unique installation that has no analogues in Asia and the CIS countries.

Figure 1. DC-60 heavy-ion accelerator

The technical base of the laboratory includes scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, X-ray phase and X-ray diffraction analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy, a laboratory for sample preparation of samples for electron microscopy, a Mössbauer spectroscopy complex, a complex of equipment for studying the strength characteristics of materials, magnetron sputtering plants, and a chemical complex to obtain and study the physicochemical properties of polymer membranes, educational laboratories and lecture halls. 20

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 2. Laboratory of engineering profile

The main research areas of the Laboratory of engineering profile are: • Study of polymer track membranes and the development of filter elements based on them. • Conducting basic and applied research at the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator in the field of radiation materials science, nuclear physics and solid state physics. • Research in the field of nanotechnology and modern materials science: the synthesis of 3D nanostructures and the development of elements of nanoelectronics based on them for the further creation of high-tech high-tech industries. • Study of the applicability of nanostructures for biomedicine needs. • Development and research of processes for creating nanoporous materials based on SiO2/Si Si3N4/ Si structures for micro-, opto-, and nanoelectronics systems by etching ion tracks. • Training of competitive specialists of a new formation for high-tech industries of an innovative orientation. • Study of radiation-resistant ceramics for modern materials science and nuclear energy. • Synthesis of perovskite-like structures for the base of solid oxide fuel cells. • Study of the applicability of ferroelectric materials as the basis for microelectronics and storage batteries. • Synthesis of carboran compounds for BNCT • Introduction into the educational process of modern elective courses based on the use of modern techniques and technologies of the Laboratory.

Figure 3. The main promising areas of activity

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

So in the framework of research in the field of synthesis of nanomaterials, the following scientific results were obtained: The laws of electrochemical synthesis of single-component and two-component nanostructures from aqueous solutions of salts on the walls of polymer templates with the formation of homogeneous arrays of nanotubes or nanowires are studied. The processes of scattering of ion beams on the atomic structure of metal nanotubes are simulated taking into account the capabilities of the DC-60 accelerator. In the course of the studies, it was found that the use of heavy ions with an energy of more than 200 MeV allows modification of the structural properties along the entire length of the nanotubes, which can be further used for the directed modification of nanostructures. The data of the effects of ionizing radiation on singlecomponent nanotubes can be further used to develop a model describing the formation of radiation effects in nanoscale materials and their degree of influence on structural and conductive properties, as well as the characteristics of products developed on their basis.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of nanostructure production methods

In the framework of the study of the radiation resistance of ceramic materials applicable in nuclear power, the following results were obtained: The results of a study of the effects of proton and ion radiation on the structural changes of nitride ceramics, which have a high potential for the use of GenIV generation nuclear reactors as structural materials, are obtained. According to the data obtained, it was found that AlN nitride ceramics have high radiation resistance to proton radiation, while when irradiated with ĐĄ2+ ions, the observed degradation of the surface layer is due to the accumulation of carbon in the structure with the subsequent formation of impurity carbide inclusions. It has been established that the accumulation of weakly soluble helium and carbon ions in the structure of the surface layer leads to an increase in the deformation and distortion of the crystal lattice due to the processes of the introduction of ions into the interstices of the lattice and the breaking of chemical and crystalline bonds. 22

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 5. Study of changes in the morphology of the surface layer of nitride ceramics

The main results of the project biomedical use of nanoparticles: As a result of the studies, it was found that during heat treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the initial FexOy nanoparticles undergo three stages of phase transformations from magnetite to maghemite, and the subsequent formation of hematite. During thermal annealing of FexOy nanoparticles with increasing annealing temperature, a change in the hyperfine magnetic field, quadrupole displacement, and isomeric shift is observed, which indicates a change in the crystal structure and annealing of defects, which leads to the ordering of magnetic nanoparticles. Thus, during the study, a controlled mechanism of phase transformations of FeŃ&#x2026;OŃ&#x192; nanoparticles was established, which allows one to obtain nanoparticles of a given composition with controlled properties. The results of studies of the directed modification of Fe3O4 nanostructures with the aim of their potential use as targeted delivery of drugs are obtained. The structural properties of the synthesized and modified nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, TEM, EDA, and IR spectroscopy. According to the data obtained, the synthesized nanoparticles are spherical particles of magnetite, the average size of which is 19 nm, with magnetic properties characteristic of superparamagnetic materials. Coating of magnetite nanoparticles with an organosilicon compound and subsequent binding of carborane compounds leads to changes in the surface layers of the nanoparticles, which determine the observed changes in the structural and magnetic characteristics. As can be seen from the presented results, the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles are a promising material for drug binding.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 6. The results of the study of magnetic nanoparticles applicable in biomedicine

Over the past 5 years, the laboratory has become one of the most successful scientific divisions of the ENU, as evidenced by the high national and international awards, as well as first places in the ratings of the university. The scientific team of the laboratory has published more than 120 articles in journals with a non-zero impact factor, in such journals as CrystEngComm (IF=3.56), Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (IF=2.68), Materials Chemistry and Physics (IF= 2.78), Physics Letters A (IF= 2.087), Ceramics International (IF= 3.57), Vacuum (IF= 2.515), Journal of Alloys and Compounds (IF= 4.1), Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (IF= 2.32). The publication activity of the team of authors has been repeatedly marked by high international awards such as the Laureate in the Top-10 Springer Author nomination «Young Scientists», the Laureate of the Republican Competition Laureate in the Springer Nature Top Author nomination in the «Natural Sciences» nomination, in 2017, the Laureate in the nomination Top Researcher in Natural Sciences according to ELSEVER publishing house (Scopus Award – 2018), Scientist of the year according to ELSEVER publishing house. LEP employees take an active part in the work of national and international specialized conferences. During its activity, the Laboratory of engineering profile has established close scientific ties with partners not only from neighboring countries, such as the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia), Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk, Russia), Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov University (Moscow, Russia), Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (Moscow, Russia), MISIS (Moscow, Russia), Kurchatov Institute (Kurchatov, Russia), PNPI (St. Petersburg, Russia), BSU (Minsk, Belarus), BNTU (Minsk, Belarus) ), BelNAN for Materials Science (Minsk, Russia), A.V. Heat and Mass Transfer Institute Lykova, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Minsk, Belarus), National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan), but also far abroad by Berkeley Laboratory (USA), University of Tennessee (USA), Lviv Polytechnic National University (Lviv, Ukraine), Institute of Solid State Physics bodies, (Riga, Latvia), HRTEM Center, University named after Nelson Mandela (Port Elizabeth, South Africa), GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, (Darmstadt, Germany), Hacettepe Üniversitesi (Ankara, Turkey). 24

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University in the International Rankings The most important criterion for choosing a university by young people is the university’s position in world rankings. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is included in 12 international rankings and is currently the only young university in Central Asia in QS Top 50 Under 50. In the regional ranking QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia in 2019 ENU takes the 40th place among 300 universities in the region. It is necessary to note the results of ENU in subject ratings. Therefore, the subject «Physics and Astronomy» in 2019 was included into the top 551-600, while the number of universities participating in the ranking is constantly increasing. High rates of this subject traditionally belong to such criteria as «Citation» and «Hirsch Index». The high competitiveness of this subject in the region of Central Asia is also reflected in the results of the 2018 Times Higher Education World University Ranking. Due to the high publication activity and citation, the university retained this position in 2018. In 2018 ENU was included into the Times Higher Education Ranking (Top 1000 +) for the first time, as well as became one of the top 800 in the Times Higher Education Emerging Economies Ranking. The best indicators for our university are Internationalization and Teaching. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is ranked 301+ in the overall 2019 THE University Impact Rankings. The ranking is the only global performance tables that assess universities against United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. The ranking is based on the indicators that provide comprehensive and balanced comparisons across research, outreach and stewardship. In the first edition of the ranking, the ENU participated in 5 SDGs. The highest contribution is made to such indicators as SDG 8 «Decent work and economic growth» and SDG 16 «Peace, justice and effective institutions», where we are in the top 100-200. The international recognition of universities, as well as their positioning in world rankings contributes to the formation of the country’s image, contributes to the growth of human capital in the region, increasing the share of exports of educational services. In 2018, on the basis of the results of 10 universities in the QS ranking, Kazakhstan ranked 37th among the 50 countries in the QS Higher Education System Strength Rankings 2018 in the world. It is necessary to continue its development in accordance with the interests, above all, of national politics and world trends.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Scientific Journals of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University The publication of scientific journals, reflecting the themes of the most important areas of research, publishing the work of domestic and foreign authors, as well as the opening of new scientific journals on promising scientific areas are included in the list of the main priorities of the University. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is the publisher of 17 journals, two of which «Eurasian Mathematical Journal (EMJ, http://emj.enu.kz/)» and «Eurasian Journal of Mathematical and Computer Applications (EJMCA, http://ejmca.enu.kz/)» are indexed by scientometric databases Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index) and Scopus. EMJ is indexed in Scopus databases in category General Mathematics with 27 percentile. EJMCA is included in 6 (Mathematical Physics, Applied Mathematics, Information Systems, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation) categories of Scopus, with 16 percentile in Mathematical Physics. The journals of publishes carefully selected original research papers in all areas of mathematics and applied mathematics respectively. In 2017 University started to published Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials (Ephys, http://ephys.kz/), which strives for making its significant contribution to the promotion and dissemination of new scientific knowledge in physics and technology by publishing the results of fundamental research for a wide range of researchers in the special fields of physics and high technology. Launch of the project «Turkic civilization: from the beginnings to the present» is planed by the initiative of the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev. In January 2019 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University opened a Turkic Studies Journal (TSJ, http://tsj.enu.kz/), which reflects the contribution of the Turkic peoples to the formation and development of world civilization. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is a publisher also of the «Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University»( http://www.enu.kz/ru/nauka/nauchnye-zhurnaly/), which consists 12 different journals (12 series). The goal of another our journal «Problems of Engineering Graphics and Vocational Education» is to bring new ideas, problematic issues of science and vocational education, new developments and researches of a wide range of specialists in applied geometry and engineering graphics, design, architecture, construction and other technical fields, as well as technical and humanitarian education. The University journals are included in the list of scientific publications recommended by the Committee for the Control of Education and Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the publication of the main results of scientific activities (with the exception of the journal «Problems of Engineering Graphics and Vocational Education», «Turkic Studies Journal» and areas of geography, ecology, philosophy of the journal «Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University»). 26

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

LIFELONG LEARNING On February 1, 2018, the Training and Advanced Education Institute started functioning at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. One of the current priorities of the Training and Advanced Education Institute is the implementation of the concept of lifelong education, as well as the export of additional educational services for interested parties. Activity, creativity, openness to new experiences and new ideas, constant striving for self-development and improvement of personal qualities and professional skills – these are the signs that fully characterise a successful and professional person in their field. It is for such specialists that there is such a type of additional professional education as advanced training. Advanced training in the Training and Advanced Education Institute implies acquiring theoretical knowledge as well as developing applied skills, abilities in any particular narrow subject. The advanced training courses have various duration and number of hours. The educational process of the Institute involves highly qualified teachers and instructors who have studied and have been trained in Kazakhstan and abroad. The core of our teaching staff consists of practicing faculty members with extensive experience in the subject of the courses.

One of the activities of the Institute is educational services in language training for foreign citizens. The training is conducted with the involvement of highly qualified teachers of the Russian Philology Department of the University. Nowadays, 65 foreign students from the United Arab Emirates, the Republic of Korea, China, Syria, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Jordan, Serbia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and India have had language training with us. Professional qualification courses in the Training and Advanced Education Institute of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University is a great way to take care of your work and professional future, because knowledge is never superfluous.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Scientific Library in educational university space Since the beginning of its foundation, the library has been one of the important units of the information environment at the University. The library helps to improve the quality of education and science at L. N. Gumilyov ENU by having a book fund of more than 1.6 million volumes, spacious reading and electronic rooms, material and technical basis and qualified staff. Nowadays the library is a modern resource, communicative and socio-cultural centre. There are new tasks for the library because the university transits from its classical form to research in the conditions of transformation of the educational sphere. One of the tasks is to provide information support for research activities of the University community. A key factor of the implementation of this task is the formation of a library and information resource that guarantees researchers, teachers and students to obtain all necessary information. The expansion of the information potential of the library is achieved by subscription to license polythematic databases, electronic and library systems, such as EBSCO, Euromonitor International Passport, Oxford Journals, Web of Science, Oxford scholarship online, Scopus, Science direct, IEEE Xplore, East View, Znanium.com, Grebennikon, IPRbooks, Online University library, Discovery. Znanium, Lan’, Polpred Media Review, Aknurpress, Epigraph. The successful partnership with the U.S. Embassy in Kazakhstan in the framework of the project «American Corner Astana and Maker Space» has allowed providing the access for scientific community of the University to the databases: JSTOR, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global ProQuest, Academic OneFile, Research and Context, Press Reader, Flipster. The access to the world electronic database of scientific knowledge allows the scientists to satisfy their requests by getting relevant, extensive and necessary scientific reliable information. Considering information literacy as one of the key competencies of the knowledge society, the library helps users to acquire skills in searching, evaluating and using information in the conditions of its rapid growth. There is successful experience in organising comprehensive information and educational programs such as of Faculty Days, Departments Days for undergraduates, doctoral students and teaching staff of the University, individual counselling. The program includes presenting new acquisitions in the library, 28

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

the seminar «Building a strategy of scientific research», the presentation «Electronic resources as an aid of research work», trainings «Creating a scientist’s profile using IDs Research ID, ORCID, Publons (Web of Science) and Google Scholar, «Work with biblio-manager ENDNOTE (a tool for managing references and creating bibliography); «Technology of searching in databases and open Internet resources», individual consultations on the selection the sources for scientific papers, articles and dissertations. With the aim to increase the publication activity of scientists of the University, library specialists organize consultations: «How to prepare a publication for an international journal», «Rules of registration scientific articles», «How to avoid «predatory journals», because practice shows that every year undergraduates, doctoral students and teachers often come to the library to find answers to such questions. Thus, they consider the library as an information partner for their research activities, it promotes their participation in the discussion of scientific works, by means of this, they state the sphere of their scientific interests, demonstrate the level of knowledge, receive proposals for cooperation, opposition and reviewing dissertations among domestic and foreign colleagues. Thereby, the library makes contribution to the integration of the scientific potential of ENU into the world information space. A special place in the work of the library staff takes an explanation of the rules of academic integrity, it means people should understand that providing of unlimited access to information resources increases the responsibility for misuse of other people’s intellectual work. The implementation of the library’s mission as a centre of information support in the effective management of science depends on the level of professional competence of the library staff. A group of subject librarians distributed into 13 faculties of the University is working hard on strengthening ties with departments and studying their information requests. Thus, a successful tandem of a librarian with a teacher and a professional researcher is established. Special importance is attached to the development of librarians’ skills. Staff members participate in international conferences, internships, seminars on relevant areas of activities of academic libraries (Annual World Congress of IFLA, seminars and workshops of well-known publishers and subscription agencies Clarivate Analytic, EBSCO, IPRMedia, etc.). The library practices the translation of its experience via the refresher courses for specialists of University libraries in Kazakhstan. Since 2011, under the aegis of the Eurasian forum of higher education leaders, «The international conference on emerging global trends in university library development» has been held. The joint project for organising this conference with the library of Nazarbayev University and the Association of University libraries of Kazakhstan is an authoritative platform for professional communication of the library community not only in Kazakhstan but also in the CIS countries (Russia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Armenia) and abroad (USA, Turkey, Poland, Germany, UK, etc.). The importance of the conference increases owing to key reports of international speakers-experts in the sphere of library and information business. Entering a new decade, the scientific library of L. N. Gumilyov ENU intends to improve opportunities for learning and research following the innovative development of the University. Its goal is to create a world-class University library community through the implementation of the best practices and strengthening international cooperation with academic libraries near and far abroad.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

II. Research at the Heart of the International Cooperation

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

TURKIC EPIC-DASTANS: THE MYTHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HEROES Aimukhambet Zhanat Askerbekkyzy (a_zhanat@mail.ru). Doctor of Philological sciences, professor Beisenbay Ardak Bakhytuly (beisenbai_ab@enu.kz). Candidate of Philological sciences, docent L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Sayfulina Flera Sagitovna (fsaifulina@mail.ru). Doctor of Philological sciences, professor Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation

Abstract This article deals with the research on dastans, the oral lore of the epic genre of Turkic peoples, featuring daunting stories and rich ethnographic details. Interestingly, the voluminous epic monuments belong to the common cultural heritage of different groups of kindred Turkic peoples: Tatars, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Nogai, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, Turkmens, and others. We analyzed the epic-dastans, widespread and preserved until now in many Turkic nations, including the Tatars and Kazakhs, to identify their mythological attributes and behavioral formulas in the image of their heroes. We have noticed that the heroes of the analyzed dastans act in a «mythological space» and reflect «mythological consciousness». There, ancient mythological ideas of the Turkic nations about the world intervene with the ideas created later under the influence of Islam. By analyzing the behavior and deeds of the heroes of epic-dastans, such as «Er Tishlik», «Alpamysh Batyr», «Edige Batyr», «Koroghly», inherent in both the Kazakh and Tatar nations, we managed to find common features between the epic and mythological heroes, made a number of conclusions regarding their behavioral nature and the continuity of the mythological and artistic systems of the Turkic peoples’ thought. Keywords: mythology, Turkic epic, dastans of Tatar and Kazakh nations, the mythological concept of the world, mythological space, mythological hero

INTRODUCTION Dastan is a term used by Turkic peoples to denote an epic work featuring a complex plot and describing fantastic and adventurous situations, used to refer to the genre of historical, heroic, or love epics, which is currently extinguishing. The famous Tatar folklore writer M.Kh. Bakirov said that epics, dastans, emerged on the basis of mythology and heroic stories in the period of the tribal system, when ancient tribal relations began to disintegrate. [Bakirov, 2012, pp.168-215]. Epic-dastans are the common spiritual heritage of the Turkic nations, which reflects the ideology, customs, traditions, and history of the Turks, who lived since ancient times till the XII-XV centuries AD in a single socio-political and spiritual space. As the Kazakh scientist B. Azibaeva noticed, «... in the repertoire of storytellers, we can also find works that glorify heroes of another nation. For example, epic poems about a native Turkmen have become a favorite work for the Kazakhs, Turkish, Armenians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kurds, Tatars, Abkhaz, Kumyks, Kara-Kalpaks, etc. from the ethnic, linguistic, and religious points of view.» [Azibayeva, 2006: 9]. As the Tatar scientists noted, «... from the standpoint of intended morality and the plot and image structure, these works are identical and interchangeable.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Only individual, historically established features and details tell us about the identity and mentality of a certain nation.» [Mingazova, 2014: 252] Starting with the ancient epic and ending with the heroic dastans of the Turks, their themes and motifs in varying degrees are related to the mythological chronotype. Scientists, who devoted their scientific works to epics research, note the presence of the mythological layer in them. The mythological motif can be most expressly traced in more ancient epics, which denoted the beginning of the ancient Turkic folklore genres’ development. Studying the activity of the Turkology scientist, we came to the conclusion that «the first records of the Turkic peoples’ folklore works, including the epic-dastans, are related to the activities of the famous scientist, academician, the founder of the Russian Turkology, V.V. Radlov.» [Sayfulina, 2007: 14-45]. Since the second half of the XIX century, the scientist recorded numerous folklore works of Turkic nations, told by their bearers during long scientific expeditions across Altai, Tuva, Khakassia, Shoria, Southern Siberia, East Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Northern Mongolia, and other territories of the Turkic nations’ residence. For the decade of active expeditions undertaken by him during his life and work in Altai, the scientist accumulated a wealth of material of all living Turkic languages, wrote down numerous folklore works, which he published as the 10-volume academic edition of «Pieces of folklore literature of Turkic tribes ...» where, along with other folklore genres, he provided numerous works related to the Turkic epic. [Sayfulina, 2012: 164-170]. We have also presented voluminous material on the activity of academician R.R. Radlov in the field of folklore of the Turkic peoples of Russia in the article «European Studies of Barabin Tatar Folklore: the Role of Investigations of the German Scientist V.V. Radlov» [Sayfulina, Karabulatova, 2014: 11 (9s): 116-119] The study is relevant due to the absence of comparative works on dastans and statement of specific conclusions as a result of discussions about the mythological motives in the structure of the epic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The material of the study are about a dozen voluminous works, dastans, recorded in different years from representatives of different groups of Turkic nations and published in various anthologies. The object of the study in this article are the Turkic epic-dastans «Er Tostiki/Er Toshlik/Yirtoshlek», «Edige/Idegei», «Alpamysh/Alpamys/Alpamsha», «Koroglu/Goroglu», which are unique examples of ancient Turkic epics. From the historical point of view, this kind of epic works serve as affirmation of the kinship of the peoples who have this kind of people’s poetic heritage. In this work, we used the descriptive, contrastive-comparative, cultural and historical, and mythopoetical research methods.

Discussion As noted by scientists, epic is a body of major narrative, prose, and mixed forms of works about the historical past of the people, telling about the archaic-heroic, historical-heroic, and romantic events. Actually, epic works are defined as dastan epic.» [Tatar Encyclopaedia, 1999, p. 674] The dramatic basis, eventivity, the fantastic content of most plots of the works of historical and heroic, heroic and adventurous, domestic and romantic nature, preserved and recorded by folklorists from the Turkic peoples living in different geographic areas at different times: «Idege Pi», «Toktamysh Khan», «Yirtyshlyk», «Ak Kebek», «Kara Kokkel», «Altayn Sain Seme», «Ak kybek», «Yastey Meңke», «Mezhek Alyp», «Yelek Batyr» «Yerteshlek», «Kuzy Kerpech Belen Bayan Sylu», «Kuplandy», «Kamber», «Taһir-Zeһre», «Byz Eget» allow referring them to the dastan genre. The voluminous epic works have preserved mainly due to sustained melody and poetic basis. As noted by the Tatar scientist M. Akhmetzyanov, «Most of the dastans have been preserved in the habitat of the Siberian Tatars and were recorded from Siberian storytellers. The dastans «Idegey» («Idegey»), «Atakly Kyz Tukbike» («The nice girl Tukbika»), «Timer Batyr», «Ildan and Guldan» reproduce the life of the Tatar tribes of Siberia. [Ahmetzyanov, 1985, :44]. Russian scientists, such as Zhirmunsky V.M., Meletinsky E.M., Propp V.Ya., Putilov B.N., the Kazakh scientists, such as Konyratbaev A., Berdibay R., Ibraev Sh., the Tatar scientists, such as Akhmetova-Urman32

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

che F.V., Akhmetzyanov M.I., Bakirov M.Kh., who studied the genre features, poetics, thematic richness of the ancient Turkic epic, define this genre as «heroic tales», «mythological epic», «pre-state epic», «fairymythical epic», or «archaic epic.» In our opinion, the name «mythological epic» is the most precise concept that expresses the nature and character of ancient mythological epics. Meletinsky E.M. noted that the most important source of the heroic epic formation are myths, especially the mythological tales about ancestors, the cultural heroes. In the early epic, evolved in the era of the tribal system decline, the heroic spirit additionally obtain a mythological shell; engaging the language and concepts of primitive myths. [Meletinsky, 1980: 665-666]. Defining the ancient epic through the «mythological» concepts, the scientist pointed out the distinctive features of the archaisms in olonkho, the epics of the Sakha nation. [Meletinsky, 2004: 237]. The Kazakh folklore scientist Sh. Ibraev who studied the poetry of the Turkic epics noted that the mythical, fabulous, legendary narrative elements prevailed in the ancient epics. In addition, the outline of the epic story includes the customs and traditions, as well as certain rituals of the Turkic peoples [Ibrayev, 2012: 33]. In the Kazakh folklore, the systematic review of ancient epic as a separate genre is associated with the name of R. Berdibay. A comparative study of the Buryat epic «Geser», Tyva legends, and the epic «Zoyatulek and Susulu», widespread among the Tatars and Bashkirs, the scientist attaches special significance to the archaic mythological nature of the ancient epic [Berdibay, 1982: 60-65]. Sh. Ibraev also wrote that the epic «... assumes the tradition of a myth, which makes us believe in the reality» [Ibrayev, 2012, 76]. Thus, many scholars regard the ancient epic as a «transition genre» between myths and heroic epics. Therefore, the poetry features that came from myths to ancient epics, and then to the heroic epics, are the attributes that determine the nature of the epic heritage.

RESEARCH RESULTS The ancient epics «Er Toshlik», «Kula Mergen», «Zhoya Mergen», «Dotan Batyr», «Kubygul», «Edige», «Alpamysh», «Koblandy», «Koroglu» and others, which differ by the presence of deep mythological «layer,» can be referred to as «mythological.» However, we should note that the mythical character in the ancient epics is expressed much brighter than in the heroic epics. «Er Toshlik» (the hero’s name) is a Kazakh fairy tale, which has remained with both the Tatars and the Kirghiz in the form of an epic, and by its content, it may be called mythological. In solving the problem of the relation of epic heroes to myths, we can classify them as follows. 1. Heroes that are similar to mythical characters (a mythical type character); 2. Mythological heroes who have transferred to epic plots. The ancient epic hero Er Toshlik was the last hope of his elderly parents, who hit the road with the aim to find his eight elder brothers. He has certain features inherent in mythical heroes. His arrival is perceived as a mythological phenomenon. Er Toshlik has the properties of a mythical hero, including his mythical birth and ultra-fast becoming an adult. No less mythological are the events that take place along the epic plot development: the hero goes on a long journey to find his eight elder brothers, descends to the underworld, where he falls into the possession of the mythical hero, the Snake of Bapy Khan. Er Toshlik successfully passes all tests due to his mythological qualities. Further, he enters the country of Temir Khan, where he gets assistance from mythical spirit heroes, such as Tausogar, Zhelayak, Koltausar, Sakkulak, Koregen (who have certain qualities: for example, Tausogar means «going through the mountain»; Zhelayak means «fast as the wind»; Sakkulak means «hearing ears», etc.). In the epic, each of these heroes has his own role, his own space, and each of them has his own action thresholds. For example, they accompany Er Toshlik to the country ruled by Temir Khan, and on the way back, they also one by one stay in «their territories,» where they first met the main character. Thus Tausogar, Zhelayak, Koltausar, Sakkulak, Koregen, Bektory (in some versions Aisalkyn), Zhalmauyz Kempir, Zmey Bapy Khan in the analyzed plot of the ancient epic «Er Toshlik» are the mythological heroes who came to the epic stories from ancient myths. Er Toshlik is a friend of the giant bird Alyp Karakush (Big Black Bird), which resides on top of a huge poplar, fights the dragon, wins it, then is captured by Shoyynkulaku, escapes from captivity, — all behavior and actions of the hero have a mythological basis. As R. Berdibay noted, «dangerous journeys, fights with all sorts of mythical creatures met on the way, magic details, actions, encounter with enemies, marriage 33

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

of the batyr», are all «mechanisms» used to describe the character, behavior, and actions of the hero from the mythopoetic point of view. [Berdibay, 1982: 91] The main characters, Er Toshlik and Kenzhekey, are heroes who have absorbed some features of their ancestors and who have archetypal behavior patterns embedded in them. Er Toshlik manages to visit both the above-ground and underground, which justifies the «special being» of the hero. In general, the mythical heroes appearing in the plot of the ancient epic are divided into two groups: the characters who are against Er Toshlik and the characters that gradually become his friends. The Snake of Bapy Khan who admits the singularity of Er Toshlik establishes friendly relations with him. Peri Bektory is mad against Er Toshlik as he does not pay any attention to her. She ordered Zhalmauyz Kempir and his son to chase the hero. It may be noted that the image of Zhalmauyz Kempir is also present in epics «Kula Mergen» (Mergen is a marksman), «Zhoya Mergen», «Dotan Batyr», «Koroglu.» In these epics, she also symbolizes the evil, and both Khan and the batyr are powerless against her force. Zhalmauyz is characterized as «seven-headed, with a hundred human forces in each head...» [Tales of the Ancestors, 2008: 102]. Shoyynkulak, the son of Zhalmauyz Kempir, is an enemy of Er Toshlik. The immortal hero resembles Koshchei, a character of Slavic tales. In «Er Toshlik,» Shoyynkulak reveals the secret of his immortality only to his son: «My soul is always far from me. At the creek, where there are reeds and forty roe deer graze, among them there is a roe deer with folded-end horns, in which nine black chests are hidden; and in the smallest of these chests, nine chickens are hidden, and those nine chickens are my soul» [Kazakh Stories, 2009: 32]. The egg and chickens symbolize the soul of a man and are used to prove the belief that the human soul is separate from the earthly body. Thus, the epic heroes dealing with mythological heroes also gradually acquire mythical character traits. The national epics of the Turkic peoples often contain dastan-type tales of heroic and archaic nature, where the main hero is the legendary batyr, Alyp Batyr (Alpamsha, Alpamysh, Alypmemshen), who through terrible battles with other Alyps or mythical characters, Yilbagans («Kadysh Margan», «Altayn Cain Suma», «Mezhek Alyp»), proves his strength and courage, defeats the enemies, liberates his land and those who have been under his care from mythical enemies. [Yusupov, Sayfulina at el., 2013: 56] «Alpamsha/Alpamysh Batyr» is a dastan, in which the mythical, archaic motif prevails. This dastan is the oldest one of heroic epics. It seems that it is why the mythological motif is clearly evident in it. One of the main motives of the epic is the mysterious story of the birth of Alpamysh Batyr. According to the story, Baybori and Analyk, who for a long time remained childless, after a prediction of the seer Baba Shashty Tukti Aziz in a dream became parents of a boy and gave him the name of Alpamysh, who later became famous as the Alpamysh Batyr. The image of Alpamysh, according to the description in the epic, is so strong «that he can be neither burnt by fire, nor drowned in water, nor hit by a sword.» The hero is protected by the mythical image of «Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten» having the powerful spiritual force. We perceive the presence of such heroic qualities in Alpamysh as continuation of the traditions in describing heroes of ancient myths. Consequently, the batyr defending his land in a dastan is originally completely idealized. Hoping to become parents, the childless couple of Baybori and Analyk visited all holy places and cemeteries of the holy men (aulie) hoping to have at least one child. At the end of the way, they saw from afar a tomb, beside which a tree grew and a creek flew. The pair decided to spend the night in that place. Thus, the paths of living people and the holy from the underworld crossed their ways there. The «communication in a dream» of the living and the dead is the point of contact between the epic and mythical spaces. The representative of «the world of archetypes», the «world of the dead», Baba Shashty Tukti Aziz, is very a mythologized person. He is a regular hero of religious and mystical epics. [Tales of the Ancestors, 2004: 72]. The conversation between Baba Shashty Tukti Aziz and Baybori and Analyk took place in the in-between state, «between the reality and the dream.» The concept of the eternity of the human soul in the mythological consciousness manifests itself in the fact that the soul of a holy hears the prayer of the living, empathizes and helps them. The only one creator, he loved his suppliant, as having generously bestowed him, in addition gave him a daughter. 34

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Eighty-eight patrons ninety-nine thousand pious men – He heard all of them. This is how the dastan describes the sacrament of the birth of children. In this way, an old couple became the parents of a son and a daughter. According to the promptings of the holy, they named the children Alpamysh and Karlygash. The mythical heroes of the epic «Alpamysh Batyr,» Baba Shashty Tukti Aziz and the protector of people Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten, the mysterious creatures, have continued in Islam. Thus, in people’s memory, the ancient mythical worldview is combined with the religious perception of the world. These heroes who are related to the category of mythical characters can also be conditionally considered as «medium heroes.» As an example of a historical epic, we can take the dastan «Edige,» embodiments of which («Idege Pi») were also recorded by V.V. Radlov from Siberian Tatars in the second half of the XIX century. The famous epic «Idegei,» a recognized epic monument of the Tatar folklore, is the spiritual heritage of several Turkic peoples. Its versions at different times were recorded from the Kazakhs, Kara-Kalpaks, Uzbeks, Nogai, Turkmens, Bashkirs, mountain Altai peoples, the Turkic peoples of Crimea, and others. The conflicting events that took place in the lives of these peoples in complex geopolitical conditions constitute the real basis for the plot of the «Idegei» dastan. A factor that makes this work relevant is that it reflects the events of global significance that happened in the late XIY – early XY centuries on the territory of Crimea, in the Caspian Sea basin, the Volga region, in Southern Siberia, modern Kazakhstan, the valleys of Central Asia. The work reflects the unique and tragic period in the history of the Golden Horde, which is also a serious indicator of the cultural and historical value of dastans. The events recorded in the work involve particular historical figures: Idegei, Timur the Lame, Khan Tokhtamysh, who played a crucial role in the fate of many Turkic peoples and states. As F. Akhmetova-Urmanche noted, «Dastan «Idegei» is the product of Nogai steppe and the Volga-Ural region and was reserved for descendants thanks to ancient Turkic epic traditions of Siberian Tatars, which they carried through centuries.» [Akhmetova, 1999, pp. 58-59] In one of the many versions of the dastan, the main character of the epic «Edige/Idegei» is described as the son of his father-aulie (Holy Baba Shashty Tukti Aziz, known from the epic «Alpamysh Batyr») and his mother, born from a peri. That means, Edige, just like other heroes of mythological epics, was born from unusual parents. This is why he has fantastic abilities. [Idegei, 1990: 256] In another embodiment, the future father of the hero marries beautiful Kenzhekey, the youngest daughter of a peri, who came flying by turning into a swan. He failed to meet her conditions, so he was deprived of her, and she kept her promise and left the child at the intersection of nine roads [The Song of Edige 2006: 448]. Thus, the unusual arrival of a child determines his future destiny. This is a very important reference in order to understand the behavior and actions of the famous hero. The motif of «miraculous arrival,» which is inherent in many Turkic epics, including the dastan about Edige, the image of sacredness of human birth, the origin of a hero with extraordinary abilities is another common thread binding epic-dastans with mythology, the folklore poetics. The three-layer structure of the world in the mythological perception of the Turkic peoples, where peris represent the «higher, heavenly» world, enables us to understand and accept the «particularity» of the hero born from a peri and a holy man, his superhuman abilities. Their loneliness, choseness have common roots with holiness, power, divine attributes. Like many other dastans of the Turkic peoples, the epic of Koroglu (the son of a blind person) also has several versions. The Kazakh versions of the dastan «Koroglu» were published in 48-49 volumes of the multi-volume edition «The Tales of the Ancestors,» collected under the leadership of Sait Kaskabasov. The epic «Koroglu» was also noticed by European scientists. In his study, Karl Reichl wrote: «The core of the Turkic epic poetry consists of the epic traditions of the Kazakhs, Kara-Kalpaks, Kirghiz. In the epics of these peoples in particular, since the days when many Turkic peoples appeared in the history till recent days, and sometimes even up to now, the life of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia has been preserved and has been reflected» [Reichl, 1992: 17]. The epic «Koroglu» is also very popular among the Azerbaijani people. [Mythological Dictionary, 1990: 452]. As noted by Kh.G. Koroglu, «The myth and fantastic 35

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

attributes in eastern embodiments relate to the period of national formation. The versions of the epic in the Uzbek, Kazakh, Tajik (Gurugly) languages occurred not earlier than in XҮІІІ century and differ significantly from the Azeri-Turkmen historical versions. The general composition of the epic was improved in the Uzbek, Tajik, and Kazakh versions by adorning the life of the future batyr with a «layer» of fantastic elements [Koroglu, 1983: 385]. In this case, the wonderful birth of the main character also defines his mythical nature. In the Kazakh version of the epic, Koroglu was born from the womb of his dead mother. Here, the mythical, archaic motif is expanded. Koroglu’s mother saw a dream about the future glorious destiny of the unborn child. In the dream, she saw Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten. This hero, the patron of Alpamysh Batyr in the dastan analyzed above, also assists in the birth of Koroglu. This mythical hero patronized many dastan heroes, thus defining the regularity in accepting the mythic tradition in the epic genre. According to the content of the epic, Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten supports Koroglu and is always near him. It is important to bear in mind that the «layer» of fantastic elements dates back to the mythological worldview of the nation. The Turkish scientist M. Ekici pointed to this difference of the Kazakh version of the epic from versions of other nations. [Ekici, 2002: 109]. Thus, we can note that in Turkic dastans, mythical heroes «freely interfere» in the lives of the heroes, being their patrons. The text also says about continuation of the family line of the mythical hero, who further married three daughters of a peri: Having married Akzhunis, Gulnar and Myskal, Koroglu became the husband of the three peris [The Journey of Koroglu to Shaadat, 2006: 148]. In the dastan, the main attention is drawn to the personality of Koroglu and his father Raushanbek. They are described in the dastan traditions of «absolute praising» of heroes, which also actively use mythical elements. S. Kaskabasov also noted the traditional motifs in epics and functions of formulas, the epic latitude in the description of space and time, which are the poetic typology of epics (childless parents, prophetic dreams, marvelous arrival of the batyr, his growth and formation, etc.). [Kaskabasov, 2015: 138].

CONCLUSION An analysis of the epics widespread among the Turkic peoples, such as «Er Toshlik» (ancient epic), «Alpamysh Batyr», «Edige Batyr», «Koroglu» (heroic epics), the systematization of the epic heroes in terms of their relation to myths, the revealing of the connection of ancient epics’ heroes to myths have allowed us to make the following conclusions. The typical and specific features of an epic batyr and the characters inherent in his supporters and enemies are the result of the «intersection» of the mythological and the real, where mythological heroes and historical personalities compose a uniform and orderly system. Mythological attributes in the characteristic of Turkic epic-dastan heroes play a special role in the description of their personality and explanation of their behavioral characteristics. For example, Er Toshlik had the ability to subjugate the entire underground and above-ground world, while his fiancée Kunekey could, if necessary, «stop time.» Kunekey did it with the help of a female camel, which helped her, and a handkerchief, which she used to tie her waist. She was able to predict the fate of Toshlik, which also points to the «mythological features» in the behavioral characteristics of his wife. It can be concluded that this was made possible thanks to the «mythological heroes», in particular, in this epic, it is expressed in the relationship chain «Er Toshlik-Kenzhekey-Bektory.» In the heroic epic «Alpamysh Batyr,» the hero is born with the approval of miracle workers, after a prediction made by Baba Tukti Shashty Aziz. With the support of Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten, Alpamysh became the person who «can’t be burnt by fire and drowned in water,» neither could he be killed with a bullet or a sword. That is also due to the mythological nature of the hero. The hero of the epic «Edige Batyr» is also «merged» with the mythical space. Edige was born from the alliance of a peri’s daughter and the miracle worker Baba Tukti Shashty Aziz. This is the basis for the mythical hero’s behavior. The prerequisites for the arrival of the glorious batyr were provided by his parents, who also featured certain mythological abilities. 36

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

For the hero of the dastan «Koruglu», analyzed in this work along with the above dastan heroes, there also are the mythological circumstances of arrival; the protection of the mythical character of Gayyp Eren Kyryk Schilten; marriage to a daughter of a peri. The unifying attribute of all the heroes: Er Toshlik, Alpamysh, Edige, and Koroglu, is the duty incumbent upon them: to protect (exempt from enemies) their parents, relatives, and native land; as well as a winning ending, when each hero copes with this task eventually as the epic comes to its end. The «mythical nature» of epic-dastans of Turkic peoples, which is a peculiar feature of the national and cultural consciousness, continues the tradition of folklore poetics. The mythological motif in epic-dastans gives an idea about the common ideological roots and shared traditions of Turkic peoples. The archaic nature of the epic heritage, in which the heroes feature the mythological type of behavior, reflects the worldview of the ancient Turks, the militant and creative spirit of the nation.

References 1. Azibaeva B. Koroglu, the hero of dastans of the Kazakh people // The Tales of the Ancestors: 100 volumes. V.48: The Song of the Batyrs. – Astana: Foliant, 2006. – 352 p. 2. Akhmetova, F. Once again on dastans in the Tatar folklore // Idel, 1999, #2. Pp. 58-59. 3. Bakirov M.Kh. The Tatar folklore. — Kazan: Ikhlas, 2012. 400 p., Pp. 168-215. 4. Berdibaev R. The Kazakh epic. — Almaty: Gylym, 1982. 232 p. (In Kazakh language) 5. Ekіcі M. Türk dünyasında Köroğlı (İlk Kol). – İnceleme ve Metinler. – Ankara: Akçağ, 2002. 368 p. 6. Ibraev, Sh. Poetics and typology of Turkic epics. – Astana: Saryarka, 2012. – 336 p. (In Kazakh language) 7. Idegei: the Tatar folk epic: translated from Tatar by Lipkin S. / Scientific editor М.А. Usmanov. – Kazan: Tatar Book Publishing House, 1990. 256 p. 8. Kazakh stories. — Almaty: Pisatel, 2009. – 320 p. (In Kazakh language) 9. Kaskabasov, S. Selected Works. Vol. 4. Folk motifs. – Astana: Foliant, 2015. – 328 p. 10. Korogly, Kh.G. Relationships of epics of peoples in Central Asia, Iran, and Azerbaijan. Moscow: Nauka, 1983. – 385 p. 11. Kyysska about Alpamysh Batyr // The Tales of the Ancestors: in 100 volumes. Vol. 34: The Song of the Batyrs. – Astana: Foliant, 2004. – 384 p. 12. Meletinsky, E.M. The origin of the heroic epics: Early forms and archaic monuments. Edition 2, corrected. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, 2004. 462 p. 13. Meletinsky, E.M. Epics and myths // The Myths of Nations: Encyclopedia. – Мoscow, 1980. Vol. 2. Pp. 665-666. 14. Mingazova L.I., Galimullin F.G., Galimullina A.F. Folk heroes in the poetry of the people of the Volga and Ural regions // Journal of Language and Literature (Bakу, Azerbaijan). – 2014. – #5 (4) – Pp. 252–555. 15. Mythological Dictionary / Chief Editor Meletinsky, E.M. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990. – 672 p. 16. About the Campaign of Koroglu to Shagdat // The Tales of the Ancestors: in 100 volumes. Vol. 34: The Song of the Batyrs. – Astana: Foliant, 2006. – 536 p. 17. The Song of Edige // The Tales of the Ancestors: in 100 volumes. Vol. 39: The Song of the Batyrs. – Astana: Foliant, 2006. 448 p. 18. The Story of Kulamergen // The Tales of the Ancestors: in 100 volumes. Vol. 52: The Song of the Batyrs. – Astana: Foliant, 2008. – 352 p. 19. Reichl K. Turkic Oral Epic Poetri: Traditions, Forms, Poetic Structure. New York: Garland, 1992. pp: 395. 20. Sayfulina F.S. Returning to the works of the great (to the 175th anniversary of Academician V.V. Radlov) // Scientific Tatarstan, 2012. #2. Pp. 164-170. 37

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

21. Sayfulina F.S. The formation and development of the Tatar literature of the Tyumen region. Tyumen: Vektor Buk, 2007. 296 p. Pp. 14-45. 22. Sayfulina, F.S., Karabulatova, I.S. European studies of Barabin tatar folklore: the role of investigations of the German scientist V.V. Radlov // Life Science Journal 2014;11(9s):116-119] (ISSN: 1097-8135) 23. Tatar Encyclopaedia. — Kazan: Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia, 1999. P. 674. 24. Yusupov F.Yu., Sayfulina F.S., Hisamov O.R., Gumerov I.G. Barabin Tatars. Pages of Spiritual Culture. – Kazan: Kazan University, 2013. pp: 668.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

USING OF THE HEAT PUMP PLANT IN NEW BLOCK-MODULAR VERSION FOR RECOVERY OF LOW-GRADE Аltay Alimgazin (alimgazin_altai@mail.ru), Кanat Dyussenov (kdyussenov@yandex.ru) L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Saule Alimgazina (s.baktiyarova@mail.ru) BMTU LLP, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract This document reviews application of energy-saving heat pump technologies using nontraditional and renewable energy sources (NRES) to improve the efficiency of industrial equipment, heat supply systems in public sector and in agroindustrial industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The heat pump technology to transform low-grade heat of secondary low-temperature power resources into high-grade heat energy suitable for practical use is not a regular upgrade of traditional power resources but introduction a new, advanced, high-efficient and ecofriendly heat generation method. Introducing Modular Heat Pumps (MHP) at metallurgic and other industrial enterprises (power industry, petrochemistry, machinery and etc.) as well as agroindustrial complex, housing and public utilities, and state-funded organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan is expected to get a significant economic and ecological effects, foremost, by replacing traditional heat sources (solid and liquid fuel boilers, electric boilers), decrease greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere, and improving ecological situation. MHP application will allow to get 2-4 times saving budget funds annually allotted for heat supply (procurement various fuel types, repair current boiler equipment, ecological payments and etc.) in comparison with the existing traditional boilers. Keywords: Energy saving, energy efficiency, heat supply, heat pump, technology, saving.

One of perspective ways in energy saving and energy efficiency enhancement of the existing equipment at the Republic of Kazakhstan’s enterprises is recycling low-temperature waste heat of process water-supply systems (WSS) at power, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil and chemistry [1,2,3,4,610, 14-17,19-21]. Introducing MHP at metallurgic and other industrial enterprises (power industry, petrochemistry, machinery and etc.) as well as agroindustrial complex, housing and public utilities, and state-funded organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan is expected to get a significant economic and ecological effects, foremost, by replacing traditional heat sources (solid and liquid fuel boilers, electric boilers), decrease greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere[6,7,8,9,10,17,19-21]. Application heat pump technologies at the mentioned above enterprises will allow to recover considerable volume of irrevocable lost heat into the heat supply system at enterprises without additional combustion of ordinary fuel that will allow to get a significant economic effect, refuse from sometimes from purchased energy outside, thereby reducing heat combustion of entertainment.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

It should be noted that prime cost of the own heat pump heat from twice to four times will be less than purchased heat, i.e.after start heat pump plant up a real opportunity to provide an existing necessity in heat energy is appeared. As the known experience of the world leaders in a regular use of heat pump technologies (Finland, Sweden, Japan, China, Russia and others) shows a number of projects have already implemented using HP at Power Station [1,2,3,4,8,9,10]. As an illustrative example of the HP application efficiency at stations let us give the data on some objects in the PRC [21].

Chinese power plant Shentu The efficiency of modern coal power plants with steam turbines is from 40% to 45%, which means that about 55% – 60% of the fuel in the form of energy that enters the power station is discharged through condensers into the atmosphere. The key element of heating system is the heat pump which extracts a low-grade heat from cooling water after the condenser and transfers it to the hot water heating circuit (see Fig. 1.2). After pass through the heat pump the cooling water cools down from approximately 30°C to 26°C and also enters the cooling towers. As a result of the fact that the water temperature has become lower it will be less evaporated into the atmosphere. Consequently, the consumption of additional water per cycle will be decreased. Hot water is heated to 75 ° C in heat pumps, the final heating to 130 ° C occurs in network heaters.

Figure 1. Power station in Shentu

Figure 2. HPP Assembly view

As a result of the work carried out (2011-2014), the efficiency of station itself was significantly increased and environmental situation in the city and region as a whole was significantly improved. It is estimated that for 1 MW of heat energy supplied from the Shentu station approximately 0.3 MW is taken from cooling water after the condenser.

Another example of project execution with HPP Six HPP with 30 MW capacity each from Shuangliang were installed at the power station in Yangjin (China) in 2010. They recycle the heat energy of cooling towers (temperature 30–40°С), and produce hot water with parameters 70–90°С for additional heat supply to the whole district of the city utilizing the heat previously discharged by the cooling towers. HPP introduction in this project annually allowed to: • sell additionally heat energy to the amount more than $ 5 million (and tariffs for heat energy in this city are lower than in Kazakhstan); 40

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

• • • •

save 500,000 tons of water (it is not evaporated in cooling towers); save 49,300 tons of coal; reduce CO2 emissions by 98,600 tons; reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 730 tons.

The payback period for introduction HPP and use a low-temperature waste heat for heating the enterprise was less than two years. However, there are no for a while any precedents in practical use of heat pumps (hereinafter – HP) at power enterprises (power stations, regional hydroelectric power stations) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are single examples of heat pumps application using waste heat at only one metallurgical enterprise Kazzinc JSC (Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2000) [4,5,7,8,9,10]. Starting from 2000, the scientists from Kazakhstan and Russia (MEI, Moscow, Energiya CJSC, Novosibirsk) have been carrying out joint works developing application methods and technologies for HP using waste heat of technical water-supply systems (TWSS) at industrial enterprises (metallurgic complexes, power station, oil processing plants and etc.) to improve heat-power equipment efficiency of the aforesaid enterprises [8,9,10,12,14,15,17]. During 2005-2019 Kazakhstani scientists have been conducting research on the prospects to use heat pumps (HP) using waste heat of circulating and direct-flow water cycles of a number of real industrial facilities – TETS-2 JSC in Astana, Ekibastuzskaya GRES-2 LLP, Petropavlovskaya CHPP-2, АО SevKazEnergo JSC, АЕS Ust-Kamenogorskaya TETS LLP, АЕS Sogrinskaya TETS LLP, Alyuminiy Kazakhstana JSC, ArselorMittalTemirtau JSC, Pavlodarskiy neftekhimicheskiy zavod LLP, PS KSP Steel LLP (Pavlodar). The important precondition to use new generation MHP at mentioned above enterprises is quite large volumes of heat discharged with circulating water into cooling towers, cooling ponds, and rivers (Irtysh and etc.) [4,5,7,8,14,15,17,19,20,21]. Together with Russian scientists (Energiya CJSC, Novosibirsk) based on grants of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2012 – 2015) some research activities have been carried out [8,9,11,12,14,15,17] according to results of which for the first time ever a multistage application technology was developed for the new generation HP operating at a more effective thermodynamic Lorenz cycle compared with reverse Carnot cycle and providing coolant delivery into the heat system with temperature up to 85°С (but not 55-62°С as other types of HP produced worldwide). This unique technology was patented both in Russia and in the Republic of Kazakhstan and is ready to be practically implemented [11,12]. The said technology having passed a multilevel selection in the Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2016-2017 was represented at the Sphera National booth (Kazakhstan) during the International exhibition ЕХРО-2017 among the 25 best scientific projects of the national scientists [18]. During some research activities carried out in 2010-2016 based on scientific and research activities supported by the national and business contracts for commercial purposes a certain result was presented, i.e. a sample of a new product that is a modular heat plant (MHP) [16, 21] (see Fig.3-4).

Figure 3-4. General assembly of modular heat pump (MHP)

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

MHP being a separate stage of multistage heat pump is a metallic heat-insulated container with supporting frame. The guards are made as three-layed panels consisting of profile sheets with insulants of mineral-wool boards. All the necessary main and ancillary equipment and instrumentation will be installed inside MHP with only 4 outside pipelines for input a low-grade coolant (waste water from circulation water supply system) and output of hot water with temperature of 75-80°С into heat supply system of enterprise.

Figure 5. Demonstrates a pilot MHP with heat capacity 400 kW.

Supply of various modular heat pump capacities (from 200 kW to 2000 kW) is planning to customers. The proposed container-type MHP [16, 21] is designed as a standard element of enterprise heat circuit ready for practical implementation at any enterprise and is planned to be used both at industrial enterprises and statefunded organizations, housing and public utilities where various alternative energy sources are available. MHP advantages: • a singular patented technology and multi-stage MTU application scheme ready to be practically implemented at enterprises using alternative energy sources in various regions of the country; • adaptability of the proposed technology to severe climate conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (up to -40°С); • portable and versatile (can be used in different industrial sectors where circulation water supply system is available in process cycles); • in comparison with other existing world heat plant technologies the proposed project provides more effective power (SOR) and economical characteristics (production cost for 1 Gcal of heat, specific fuel costs when replacing traditional heat sources. • a lower market price of our products compared to peers; The market price for a unit of production and (or) services of this competitor can be estimated as follows. The cost of MTU proposed (heat power up to 2 MW) is significantly lower than the cost of heat pumps (HP) of the equal power to foreign manufacturing companies (Germany, Sweden and etc.). The approximate cost of MTU heat power equal to 1 Gcal/hour is about 200-220 thousand US dollars (in comparison with foreign heat pumps of the equal heat power are about 350-440 thousand US dollars); • high-quality warranty and after-sales service of MTU installed at enterprises; • 80% Kazakhstani content of the project (equipment is in modular configuration, technology, design, a complex of installation and commissioning works, highly qualified scientific and engineering personnel). 42

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

In 2017-2020, under the grant funding of the Science Fund JSC of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the scientists of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and specialists from the start-up company BMTU LLP (Astana) have implemented a «Project oriented to commercialize modular heat pump to recover a low-potential waste heat obtained from industrial water supply systems at enterprises» at the pilot facility – pipe rolling production of a large metallurgical enterprise in the country – Pavlodar Subsidiary(hereinafter referred to as PS) KSP Steel LLP (see Fig.6-7) [16,21]. This article describes commercialization aspects of a new MHP with heat capacity 400 kW for lowtemperature heat waste recovery from technological processes at enterprises (enterprise waste water, water from technical water-supply system (TWSS) and etc.) to reduce emissions of hazardous substances into the atmosphere and in parallel get a high-grade heat at a certain metallurgic enterprise – PS KSP Steel LLP). This survey explores the following issues: • development MTU application diagram as a typical element of heat supply system at pipe rolling production (hereinafter referred to as PRP) of PS KSP Steel LLP;

Figure 6-7. General view of pipe rolling production at PS KSP Steel LLP and ventilator cooling tower of circulation water supply system.

• •

conducting a series of pilot tests of new equipment to determine optimal operating conditions for new generation heat pump technology when MTU prototype is included in the heat circuit of PRP KSP Steel LLP; analysis of energy, environmental and economic efficiency of MTU application to recover waste heat of technical water supply system (TWS) of PRP and heat generation for heating and hot water supply of the enterprise.

At the moment, the existing power supply diagram of PS KSP Steel LLP is based on purchased heat and electric energy from CHPP -3 (Pavlodar) (steam, hot water). The enterprise annually spends great funds to purchase heat power (about 46 Gcal/hour) and electric power (about 3 bln. tenge (data of March, 2015)). Moreover, the current fan cooling towers used in circulation water supply system (CWSS) at the enterprise emit large volumes of heat energy into the atmosphere (according to our assessments, about 280-600 Gcal/hour), and costs enterprise spent to purchase electric power for towers operation are substantial. However, physical heat of water circulation systems emitted into the atmosphere through the towers is irrevocably lost which is economically inadvisable. Besides, getting substantial volumes of own heat with temperature up to 60-85°С using MHP will give a chance to save large volumes of power purchased at the moment at CHPP-3 (Pavlodar) to provide continuous tower fans operation. The following table shows results of economical effect estimation from MHP implementation for hot water supply at KSP Steel LLP Pipe Rolling Plant. 43

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Table 1. Comparison of annual operational costs at Pipe Rolling Production for hot water supply from various heat resources (heat load – 2 Gcal/hour)

Annual operational costs, OPEX, ths .tenge

Cost of 1 Gcal/hour, tenge/Gcal (VAT incl.), ths. tenge

Item

Heat source description

Central heating (from CHPP-3 Pavlodar)

72,180

3,313.8

Heat pump boiler based on MHP

13,160

751.14

Thus, the results of preliminary survey give the reason to conclude that when introducing energysaving heat pump technologies based on MHP using alternative heat sources a deeper cooling of circulating water is achieved at the KSP Steel LLP and costs to purchase heat and power from CHPP-3 in Pavlodar are reduced at the enterprise. The source of project profitability when introducing MHP at enterprises are: 1. Remarkable economical effect, i.e. difference between heat cost the consumers purchased at CHPP and the heat generated using heat pumps (2-4 times). 2. Considerable enterprise OPEX reduction using circulating and in-line water-supply system. 3. Reduction of enterprise greenhouse emissions and ecological payments decrease consequently. Based on the results of pilot research on MHP operation in real production conditions an analysis of power, environmental and economic efficiency of its application to recover waste heat from recycling water supply system at enterprises of the country will be carried out, specific recommendations for the further commercialization of this «green» technology at various facilities in the Republic of Kazakhstan be proposed. In years ahead MHP of different capacities introduction is expected. It will be introduced at various enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, power industry, oil and chemical industry and etc. with existing TWS (cooling towers, cooling ponds, water reservoirs.). In particular, during 2018-2019 a research «Improving energy efficiency of metallurgical equipment at the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFP) which is branch of Kazchrome TNK JSC by introducing power saving heat pump technologies recovering waste heat from circulating water supply system (Aksu, Pavlodar region)» has begun [22]. Thus, the following conclusions can be made. 1. Heat pump technology to transform low-grade natural heat of secondary low-temperature energy resources into high-grade heat energy for practical use is not another upgrade of traditional energy resources but implementation of a new, advanced, high-efficient and ecofriendly method of heat generation. 2. Application a technology and new generation MHP adapted to operation in cold climate conditions of Kazakhstan (up to -45°С) using discharged water heat from service water system (SWS) as a low-grade source, are perspective to introduce at existing 57 CHPPs, several GRES, and a series of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil and chemistry industry, machinery plants and etc. that will allow to improve efficiency of heat-power equipment thereof, save budget funds, boost heat generating capacities while not increasing consumption of primary fuel (coal, residual fuel oil), reduce greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere, and improve ecological situation. 3. It is the first time when MHP is recommended to use to recover waste heat from cooling towers of real enterprise PS KSP Steel LLP (Pavlodar) in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

References 1. Ray D., McMichael D. Heat pumps/transl. from Eng.– М.: Energoizdat.– 1982. – 224 p. 2. Burdukov А.P., Petin Yu.М. Teploviye nasossy dlya Rossii: technologiya ispolzovaniya geotermalnogo I sbrosnogo tepla predpriyatiyami [Heat pumps for Russia: technology of use of geothermal and waste heat by industrial enterprises] // Equipment. Developments. Technologies. – 2007. – No. 7(07). – P.27-32. 3. Devyanin D.N., Pisshikov S.I., Sokolov Yu.N. Razrabotka I ispytaniye na TETs-28 OAO Mosenergo laboratornogo stenda po abrobatsii skhem ispolzovaniya teplovykh ustanovok v energetike [Development and test of a laboratory stand for approbation of heat pump plants for power industry at CHPP-28 Mosenergo OJSC] // News of heat supply. – 2000. – No.1. – P.86-93. 4. Alimgazin A.Sh., Sevidov G.P., Bakhtiyarova S.G. Razrabotka I vnedreniye novykh energosberegayuchshikh technologiy na osnove ispolzovaniya nizkopotentsialnoy teploty promyshlennykh predpriyatiy [Development and introduction new power-saving technologies based on application low-grade heat obtained at enterprises] // Vestnik S.Toraighyrov PSU, a serie Energy. – 2004.-No.4.P.121-132. 5. Sevidov G.P., Morozov I.V., Alimgazin А.Sh. Primeneniye TNU na promyshlennom predpriyatii AO Kaztsink [Application of heat pump at Kaztsink JSC] // In bk.:Materials of International scientific and technical conference «Power industry, ecology, electric supply».– Ust-Kamenogorsk: BKGTU.-2005.– P.217-219 6. Alimgazin A.S., Bakhtiyarova S.G., Shukraliev M.A. Heat pump technologies of the use of was telowgrade heat of in dustrial enterprise in of the Republic of Kazakhstan //Scienсе Review.-2009.Vol. II (4).-Р.64-69. 7. Alimgazin A.Sh., Berguzinov N.A. Vozmozhnosti primeneniya teplonasosnykh tekhnologiy putem utilizatsii nizkotemperaturnykh teplovykh otkhodov promyshlennykh predpriyatiy v Respublike Kazakhstan [Possibilities to use heat pump technologies recovering low-grade heat waste of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan] // Vestnik S.Toraighyrov PSU, a serie Energy. – 2010. – No.2. – P.6-15. 8. Alimgazin .Sh. Razrabotka skhem I tekhnologiy isplozovaniya netraditsionnykh I vozobnovlyayemykh istochnikov energii dlya teplosnabzheniya isolirovannykh obyektov [Development of methods and technologies of non-traditional and renewable energy sources for heat supply to isolated facilities]: autoref.…D.Sc. in eng. / Almaty: AUEiS.– 2010. – P.44 9. Alimgazin А.Sh., Alimgazinа (Bakhtiyatova) S.G. Razrabotka tekhnologiy I vnedreniye teplonasosnykh system teplosnabzheniya zhilykh, obchshestvennykh I proizvodstvennykh zdaniy v Respublike Kazakhstan s ispolzovaniyem netraditsionnykh I vozobnovlyayemykh istochnikov energii [Development technologies and implementation of heat pump systems for heating residential, public and productions buildings in the Republic of Kazakhstan using non-traditional and renewable energy sources].– Astana: Publisher Art-print.– 2010. – 171 P. 10. Alimgazin .Sh., Alimgazina S. G. Teplonasosniye tekhnologii dlya teplosnabzheniya razlichnykh obyektov. Opyt Respubliki kazakhstan [Heat pump technologies for heat supply to various enterprises. Experience of Republic of Kazakhstan].– AVOK.– Electric supply.-2013.-No.8.-P.68-73 11. Patent of the Russian Federation for invention №2454608. Sposob goryachego vodosnabzheniya I sposob otopleniya s yego ispolzovaniyem [Ways of hot water supply and ways of heating thereby].– St. register of inventions of Russian Federation./ Petin Yu.М., Shamanayev S.N., Oparin Ye.V., Golodnikov B.S.; registered on 27.06.2012. 12. Patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1843 for utility model Teplonasosnaya ustanovka dlya otopleniya I goryachego vodosnabzheniya [Heat pump plant for heating and hot water supply] – developed by Alimgazin А.Sh., Petin Yu.М., Alimgazina S. G., Bakhtiayrov А.Ye. // Bulletin of inventions №16 of 30.11.2016, registr. number 2015/278.2 of August 27, 2015 at RGKP National institute of intellectual property Ministry of Justice of Republic of Kazakhstan 13. AlimgazinA.Sh, Alimgazina S.G. The use of heat pump technology with the use of alternative and renewable sources of energy to increase the efficiency of heat supply various facilities in the Republic 45

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

of Kazakhstan.// International Forum Rewenable Energy – REENFOR–2013. Towards Raicing Energy and Economic Efficiencies (Moscow,22–23 oktober 2013.-Р.38-42). 14. Alimgazin A. Sh., Petin Y. M., Alimgazina S. G., Application of new generation heat pump technologies using alternative energy sources to generate additional heat energy a the heat power plants in the republic of Kazakhstan.// Second International Forum Rewenable Energy – REENFOR–2014. Towards Raicing Energy and Economic Efficiencies. – Moscow,10 – 11 Novem-ber 2014.-Р.27-32). 15. Alimgazin А.Sh., Alimgazina S.G., Petin Yu.М., Kislov А.P., Amrenova D.Т. Primeneniye teplovykh nasossov novogo pokoleniya s ispolzovaniyem netraditsionnykh istochnikov energii dlya vyrabotki dopolnitelnoy teplovoy energii na TETs-2 g.Astany [Application of new generation heat pumps using non-traditional energy sources for generation of additional heat energy at CHPP-2 Astana].// Messenger of S.Toraighyrov PSU, Energeticheskaya series – 2015. – No.2.-P.6-14. 16. Patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.2289 for utility model Teplonasosnaya ustanovka dlya teplokhladosnabzheniya [Heat pump for head and cold supply] – by Alimgazin A.Sh., Alimgazina S.G., Omarov K.S., Bakhtiyarov A.Ye. // BI No.14 dated 31.07.2017, register number 2016/0377.2 dated 11/07/2016 in the Republican state budget-supported enterprise National Institute of the Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan 17. AlimgazinA.Sh., AlimgazinaS.G., Petin Y.M. Аpplication of new generation heat pump technologies using alternative energy sources to generate additional heat energy at the heat power plants-2 (Аstana\).// «IX Minsk International Seminar Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators, Power Sourses», Minsk, Belarus, 07-10 September 2015, P.230-235. 18. AlimgazinA.Sh., Alimgazina S.G.Аpplication of heat pump technologies using alternative and renewable sources of energy for heating and cooling objects EXPO-2017 //Proc.: Proceedings of the 3 International Forum «Renewable energy: ways to increase the energy and economic efficiency» (REENFOR-2015), Yalta, 17 – 19 November, 2015. 19. Alimgazin A.Sh., Alimgazina S.G., Zhalmagambetov B.N. Analysis of prospects of technology heat pump to produce extra heat energy for JSC TPP-2 Astana.//Proc.: Proceedings of the 3 International Forum Renewable energy: ways to increase the energy and economic efficiency (REENFOR2015).– Yalta, 17 – 19 November.– 2015. P.25-27 20. Alimgazin А.Sh., Alimgazinа S.G., Bakhtiyarov A.E. Analiz perspektiv primeneniya teplonasosnykh tekhnologiy na metallurgicheskikh predpriyatiyakh Respubliki Kazakhstan [Analysis of perspectives of using heat pump technologies at metallurgical enterprises of Republic of Kazakhstan]. // In collection of works entitled «VIII-th International research and practical conference «Energyefficient and resource-saving technologies in industry. 100-th anniversary of domestic designing metallurgical furnaces», MISiS, Moscow, October 11-12, 2016, P.238-250 21. Alimgazin A.Sh., Alimgazina S.G., Sharypov A.S., Bakhtiyarova S.Ye. Kommertsializatsiya blochno-modulnoy teplonasosnoy ustanovki dlya utilizatsii nizkopotentsialnoy sbrosnoy sistem tekhnicheskogo vodosnabzheniya promyshlennykh predpriyatiy [Commercialization of modular heat pump to recover low-grade waste heat of technical water supply system at enterprises]. // In the sourcebook of the IV International Conference ICITE Industrial technologies and engineering, Shymkent, 26-27 October 2017, P.23-30.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

THE MAIN GOAL OF A CAREER IS QUALITY Baikhozhayeva Bakhytkul Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, academician of the Kazakhstan Academy of Quality Management, Head of the Department «Standardization, Certification and Metrology» of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The article deals with topical issues of personnel training in the field of technical regulation and metrology. Special attention is paid to the problems of training in technical specialties. In the training of specialists, the problem of the quality of knowledge and employment of graduates remains relevant. Focus on the requirements of the industry and the service sector should be at the heart of the development of educational programs. Keywords: education, industry, technical regulation, digitalization, educational programs.

The Head of State in his latest Message to the people of Kazakhstan has set a task to put the country to a qualitatively new innovative level of development. This requires not just labor, but highly qualified engineers who are able to implement the boldest ideas and solve various types of technology-intensive tasks in the minimal terms with the lowest cost of labor and resources. Modern innovation processes are quite complex and require appropriate staffing. Activity of a present-day engineer is characterized by multifunctionality. This is not only the design of technological processes, selection of technological equipment and production control. The unification of practical and scientific spheres of activity, rapid response to economic, technological changes becomes a decisive factor. The need for engineers will grow every year based on the concept of innovative development of Kazakhstan. This will be influenced by the introduction of new approaches to solving production problems, the development of new opportunities. Therefore, the problem of reproduction of highly qualified engineers will only increase. In view of the foregoing, it is a matter of urgency to ask what people should be prepared and what ways of preparation should be chosen. The requirements to the quality of University graduates will increase as well as to the quality of their training. It is important to take into account the expectations of stakeholders, e.g. «What kind of personnel and knowledge do they need? What skills and abilities should they have after graduation?». Professional standards developed by the National chamber of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Atameken» seem to be a good start in this direction as well as examination of educational programs of universities serve. The Ministry of labor and social protection has also approved the Roadmap for the development of the national qualifications system for 2019 and 2020. This document presents clearly the steps for cooperation between universities and employers with the purpose to improve the quality of graduates of higher education institutions. Moreover, the development of professional standards, creation of an Atlas of new professions and competencies, testing of the certification system and recognition of qualifications in priority sectors, monitoring of the labor market, including the assessment of personnel needs in the context of professions

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

and development of the register of regulated professions will undoubtedly have a great impact on the demand for our graduates. The President stressed the need for systematic vocational guidance work. It should be conducted on the basis of identifying the abilities of students. The competitiveness of graduates largely depends on the quality of vocational guidance work. There are the main motives for choosing technical specialties which include a significant number of educational grants for technical areas, the creative nature of the work and the prospect of finding a job. However, the motives do not deny the factors constraining this choice e.g: 1) applicants poorly perceive the nature of future profession. 2) the devaluation of certain professions 3) insufficient pre-University physical and mathematical training. Our Department sees improvement of the vocational guidance work in creation of modern information base and extensive use of diagnostic tools. As you know, despite monitoring the organization of the vocational guidance work with students, these tools also include marketing research, questioning, testing, questioning and interaction with the media. Today significant efforts have been put into the development of mass online courses (M.O.C), which are considered as one of the means of communication with potential applicants. Teachers of the Department participate in the development of such courses as «Metrology», «Technical regulation» and «Standardization». Applicants can not only see the level of equipment of classrooms and laboratories, but also make sure of the qualification of the teaching staff of the Department. Moreover, it will definitely help them in choosing a future profession. It is important for the applicant to navigate a wide range of educational programs of technical direction. In our university the faculty of pre-University training, which contributes to the quality of the vocational guidance of future applicants is operating successfully. This year, more than 50% of students of this faculty have chosen educational programs with technical profile. As a rule, technical universities are mainly chosen by applicants with physical and mathematical background. Definitely, while choosing an university, they pay attention to the ones which have the best engineering base. It is obvious that teacher is the key figure ensuring the quality of education. The international standards of engineering education set high requirements for the quality of the teaching staff of universities. The balance of pedagogical technology, the maximum applicability of programmable learning tools, visibility at all stages of simulation of production processes and systems, multivariate solutions, the universality of readymade arrays of information to solve both pedagogical and industrial-technical problems, the uniqueness of information on the subject of discipline-this are the main requirements for teaching engineering disciplines. In addition, the standards take into account and disclose the following aspects: professional values and qualities, professional knowledge and understanding, professional skills of the teacher, certification requirements, methods of evaluation and self-evaluation of pedagogical activity. For instance, the standards define how teachers can maintain and improve their knowledge, how they can apply their knowledge in practice. In other words, the introduction of international standards will have a stimulating effect on improving the quality of training of graduates. The second approach is that the university can develop its own teaching standards. Moreover, they can create special requirements corresponding to the mission, vision and strategy of the university. In innovative processes the leading role is assigned to specialists in the field of technical regulation and metrology. As you know, the role of standardization, certification and metrology is invaluable for the economy. Standardization is the basis of intellectual production and innovation. Standards are the foundation of quality infrastructure, which increases the competitiveness of products, improving the quality of life of people. Metrology and conformity assessment are the cornerstone of any country’s quality infrastructure. The development and prosperity of companies requires the search for new approaches to the organization of management. We are talking about the development and implementation of international standards SO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO/TS 16949, OHSAS 18001, ISO 22000, HACCP. The desire of the management to improve the activities of the company, to increase the effectiveness of the existing management 48

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

system is closely related to international management standards. The presence of certified management systems in the organization is one of the conditions of tenders, the main requirements of consumers and foreign partners. Here, the graduates of the field «Standardization, certification and Metrology» are given a central role. The President paid special attention to employment of University graduates. Focus on the requirements of the industry and the service sector should be at the heart of the development of educational programs. Experience shows that employers have become more involved in the development and examination of educational programs due to realizing that this largely depends on the quality of graduates. For example, the Committee of technical regulation and metrology, being one of our main employers, has for many years been a member of the Academic Council of the University for the development of educational programs, the state certification Commission. On the basis of the Committee of technical regulation and metrology there are two branches of the Department, where our students and undergraduates practice, carry out research and classes are held in their laboratories. Speaking about the employment of our graduates, the tendency of choosing the public service and large enterprises should be mentioned. Now this trend has changed. As the monitoring of employment of our graduates shows, they seek employment in small and medium-sized enterprises. As the graduates themselves say: «there is a higher salary, and there are more opportunities for personal development.» A separate line in the Message highlighted the digitalization of the economy. The virtual reality is amazing: many new products are produced and various services are implemented. Any introduction of information and communication technologies involves the use of standardization. For example, the standards of «Smart City», which are now being implemented in Kazakhstan. They help in the collection, transmission, storage and analysis of vast amounts of data in cities. This makes it possible to improve the system of management and interaction between the state and society, improves the quality and efficiency of urban services. These are standards of online services, e-Commerce, electronic payments, Internet banking, Internet advertising, Internet services to the population through websites and portals. Standardization plays an important role in the protection of data and information (for example, data on the purchase and sale value of goods and services in networks; statistics of sales and logistics of goods, etc.), virtualization of reporting, the development of global value chains. The standards regulate uniform requirements for fundamentally new opportunities for centralized management of urban processes, including a high level of security and services, through innovative solutions in the field of energy conservation, housing, transport, education, health, environment and information technology. The liberalization of international trade and the acceleration of scientific and technological development are favourable grounds for the further development of international cooperation in the application of international standards. The transition to «Industry 4.0», the introduction of advanced technologies, the creation of smart industries is inextricably linked with the expansion of the role of standardization in the development of the digital economy. It should be noted that digital technologies improve the possibilities of standardization itself. With the development of information technologies, many problems with documents are solved (structuring and storage of external and internal documents, search, viewing and updating of regulatory and technical documentation). The Department sees a huge range of work in the transformation of educational programs and modernization of the material and technical base, which must meet the requirements of the digital economy. This will help to improve the quality and training of graduates of the direction «Standardization, certification and metrology», which in turn will provide the digital economy with competent personnel. Our graduates should possess the following skills: automation of the Unified state Fund of normative technical documents; Automated module of collection and processing of proposals and applications to the standardization Plan– «E-planning»; unified electronic system; Information system «Electronic accounting of data on verifiable measuring instruments»; creation of a single interconnected database of registers of technical regulation; creation of Online working rooms of participants with the possibility of forming electronic documents. Possession of digital skills will help our graduates to find a job in the easiest way, to realize themselves as a highly qualified specialist. The leadership of the University provides us with a great support. Innovative educational programs are opened, new laboratory equipment, modern scientific and educational literature are purchased, scientific trips of students and teachers are financed. Currently, the Department of infrastructure of the ENU is 49

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

working hard to create an electronic educational and methodical cabinet of normative and technical documentation for students and teachers. This academic year, a new educational program «metrology» has been opened, and next year we plan to launch an experimental educational program «Quality Management». We hope it will allow our graduates become more selective and focused in career choice. That is the thrust of the Message.

References 1. Komshin A. Quality management: who do we train?// Standards and quality. – 2019. № 5 (983). P. 83 2. Isaeva G. A., Zabirov J. G., Sobraliev N. With., Musin K.S. Problemy podgotovki kompetentnyh tekhnicheskih specialistov [Problems of preparation competent technical professionals], ZHurnal vysshaya shkola Kazahstana [Journal higher school of Kazakhstan], 2018. No2(22). P.33-36. 3. 3Gosudarstvennaya Programma «Cifrovoj Kazahstan». Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 12 dekabrya 2017 goda № 827 [State Program «Digital Kazakhstan». Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 12, 2017 No. 827] 2017 [electronic resource] Available at: https://egov.kz/cms/ru/law/list/P1700000827

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

EURASIAN MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE AT L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Nurzhan Bokayev (bokayev2011@yandex.ru) Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The article highlights the contribution of the Eurasian Mathematical Institute at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University in the integration processes of education and science. Keywords: Eurasian Mathematical Institute, scientists, master’s and doctoral dissertations, science and education.

The Eurasian Mathematical Institute at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University was launched in 2003. From its beginning until 2018, the Director of the Institute was a Doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan M. Otelbaev. In 2019, Academician of NAS RK R.Oinarov became the Director of the Institute. The Institute conducts research in the field of analysis and differential equations. The Institute has mathematical scientific schools on functional analysis and its applications (academicians of National Academy of Science of RK M. Otelbayev, R. Oinarov, professors K.N. Ospanov, L.K. Kussainova, B. Biarov), harmonic analysis (professor E.D. Nursultanov, N.T. Tleukhanova, K.A. Bekmaganbetov, G.A.Akishev), which are known not only in Kazakhstan, but also abroad. Many leading experts conduct research at a high level, regularly publish in the ranking scientific journals, their results have made a significant contribution to the development of mathematical science. It should be noted that since 2009, the publication activity of scientists of the Eurasian Mathematical Institute in high-ranking journals has increased and then this initiative has spread to all universities and scientific research institutes in Kazakhstan. The scientists of the Institute cooperate and maintain scientific relations and conduct joint research with many scientists of foreign countries, many of whom were and are foreign consultants for doctoral students and were invited to give lectures for doctoral and graduate students. These are such world-famous scientists as сorresponding – member of the Russian Academy of Sciences O.V. Besov, V.D. Stepanov (IM RAS named after V.A. Steklov, Moscow), professors V.I. Burenkov, M.I. Goldman (RUDN University, Moscow), A.A. Shkalikov, M.I. Dyachenko, V.A. Skvortsov, V.V.Vlasov (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow), L. L. Perrson (Luleå University of Technology, Sweden), Lanza Massima de Christoforis , P. Lamberti (University of Padova, Italy), S. Tikhonov (University of Barcelona, Spain), G. Beger (Berlin Free University, Germany), W. Sickel (Friedrich-Shiller– University, Jena, Germany). The scientists of the Eurasian Mathematical Institute together with the teachers of the Department of Fundamental Mathematics, take part in the training of qualified specialists in educational programs of undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs, give lectures and conduct practical classes, supervise graduate work and master’s and doctoral dissertations. The high scientific potential of the Institute allows us to offer students and undergraduates a wide variety of elective modules dedicated to such modern areas of mathematics as the spectral theory of linear operators, weighted integral inequalities,

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

the theory of embedding of function spaces, approximation of functions, multiplier theory, interpolation theory, series and transformations Fourier, general theory of boundary value problems. Students, undergraduates and doctoral students choose the direction of research according to the training program of one of the scientific schools, in the framework of which they study elective modules in a certain logical order and conduct research on the topic of graduation work. The results of the Institute’s research work are being introduced into the educational process as part of the final works, dissertations, development of elective courses. Leading scientists of the Institute and together with the teachers of the Department of Fundamental Mathematics actively participate in various scientific competitions and carry out research on scientific grants. Doctoral students and some undergraduates take part in the implementation of scientific projects. There is a scientific seminar «Functional analysis and its applications» at the Institute, where domestic, foreign scientists and doctoral students and undergraduates make scientific reports on the topics of their scientific research. The Eurasian Mathematical Institute, together with the Department of Fundamental Mathematics, with the aim of improving the quality of training highly qualified personnel and the effective integration of domestic science into the world community, regularly practices the defense of dissertations in famous foreign research centers. Over the years, doctoral graduates in mathematics defended their dissertation in Sweden at Luleå University of Technology (A. Kalybai, L. Sarybekova, Z. Abdykalykova, A. Temirkhanova, A. Kopezhanova, A. Abylaeva, R. Akhmetkalieva, S. Shaimerden), in Italy at the University of Padova (L.K. Zhapsarbaeva, S. Kudabaeva, Zh. Taspaganbetova, D. Chigambaeva), in Spain at the University of Barcelona (A. Dzhumabaeva, A. Mukanov), in Germany at the Free University of Berlin (M. Muratbekov, S. Burgumbaeva, B. Nurimov). Currently, many of them are researchers at the Eurasian Mathematical Institute and work as assistant professors of the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Eurasian National University. The Eurasian Mathematical Journal is published at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. It was founded in 2010 by L.N. Eurasian National University in collaboration with M.V. Lomonosov M.V. Moscow State University, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) and the University of Padua (Italy). The chief editors of the magazine are V.I. Burenkov (RUDN University, Russia), M. Otelbaev (Kazakhstan), V. A. Sadovnichy (Moscow State University, Russia). The Journal EMJ publishes carefully selected original articles in all areas of mathematics. EMJ content indexed by: Scopus; Web of Science (ESCI); Math Surveys, MathSciNet (American Mathematical Society, USA); Zentrablatt Math (ZMATH, Germany); Abstract Journal of Mathematics, Math-Net.Ru (Russia). EMJ is included in the list of journals recommended by the Committee for the Control of Education and Science (Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan), and in the list of journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation). Thus, the Eurasian Mathematical Institute at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University makes its definite contribution to the development of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

References In [1-3], collections of the selected scientific papers of leading scientists of the Eurasian Mathematical Institute are presented. 1. Otelbayev M. Collection of selected scientific papers. Astana, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2012, 580p. 2. Oinarov R. Collection of selected scientific papers. Astana, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2017, 700p. 3. Nursultanov E. Collection of selected scientific papers. Astana, Ideal-2009, 565p.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

RESEARCH OF NANOCOMPOSITES AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY Daurenbekov Dulat Hairetenovich (duke.ddx@yandex.ru), Kainarbay Asset Zhumabekovich (a.kainarbay@yandex.kz) L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The article discusses modern and current trends in the development of green energy in Kazakhstan and the world. The technological possibilities of modernization of industrial solar cells are considered to increase their efficiency. The methodological and theoretical substantiation of the development and design of nanocomposite technologies is given. Based on new materials containing quantum dots, nanomaterials are created for solar energy. The successful approbation of the results in international journals, as well as the registration of a patent, was made. Keywords: solar energy, nanocomposites, renewable energy, quantum dots, nanotechnology.

Introduction In the Modern World, the Concept of a «green» economy is being implemented, which comprehensively solves the issues of transition to renewable energy and environmental protection. The goal is set to achieve a 50% share of the use of alternative and renewable energy by 2050. Kazakhstan has acceded to the Paris Agreement and pledges to achieve declared contributions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by 2030. According to forecasts, by 2020, the share of renewable energy in the global energy sector will exceed 26% compared to 22% in 2013. International investments in renewable energy sources (RES) increased from $ 61 billion in 2001 to $ 301 billion in 2015, and the share of renewable energy from total investment in energy supply almost doubled from 10% to 19% Given the above trends, studies will contribute to the growth of the research base in Kazakhstan in the field of energy-efficient nanomaterials for energy. In the international aspect, Kazakhstan needs to strive for a wider application and use of renewable energy sources, which requires studies on energy-efficient nanomaterials. In addition, the search and research in the field of effective re-emission of solar radiation (up-conversion and down-conversion) will help attract foreign investment.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Main part At the moment, in the scientific world, the topic of the search for new materials for the energy sector as a whole is relevant. Search and creation of energy-efficient nanoscale materials based on quantum dots will allow us to create breakthrough technologies for saving electricity and efficient conversion of solar energy into electricity. In an age of developed energy industry and the development of inexhaustible (renewable) resources, there is a strategic need for research in this area. Also, the scientific development of the project can be used by domestic enterprises operating in this industry. Personal research experience in modern nanotechnology in the field of energy, to allow competing, upholding and proposing new large-scale ideas both in Kazakhstan and abroad, at international conferences and symposia The research and experience gained form the necessary basis for the implementation of programs to develop the energy potential of energy in Kazakhstan for the long term, as well as develop international cooperation in the field of energy-efficient technologies Laboratory of Engineering Profile L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University «Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Spectroscopy» – the laboratory resources are used to study the optical properties of nanomaterials. On the basis of the Research Institute of Energy and Functional Materials L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University – new materials are being created for solar energy, the physical, thermophysical properties of nanocomposites are being investigated. In 2019, a patent was issued on the topic «The method of increasing the coefficient of existing silicon photoelectric converters (SPEC)» [1]. There is great variability in the design of solar panels (SP) using QD; they can be divided into several basic types: 1) SP based on a metal / semiconductor (Schottky) contact; 2) SP using QD as sensitizers; 3) Using a bulk heterojunction and a polymer / QD conductive layer [2-11], Figure 1.

Figure 1. Modern solar cells based on quantum dots: a – metal-QD; b – polymer-QD; c – sensitization of QD

In this role, QDs are very adaptive in terms of their use in SP. By controlling the size, it is possible to change the position of the energy levels of the QD relative to the levels of various components of the SP, which allows you to control the process of charge transfer through the interface. Additional alloying of radiation sources allows to increase the efficiency of conversion of solar radiation QD-RE (quantum dots-rare earth) in the structure of SP. In the complex, we get a wide variation in the use and application of QD-RE According to the study of quantum dots by the authors Kainarbay A.Zh, Daurenbekov D.H., in the period from 2012 to 2014 a project was carried out on the topic «Development of a technology for producing new luminescent material to increase the efficiency of silicon-based photovoltaic converters», 54

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

from 2018-2020, the project supervisor and main project executor AP05131725 carried out a project on the topic «Luminescent converters of solar radiation based on quantum dots of semiconductors to increase Efficiency of existing silicon solar cells». According to the results of the project, new nanocomposites with improved optical properties were obtained. The application of nanocomposites allowed to increase the efficiency of existing solar cells by 4-5%. In the framework of the project, students, masters and doctoral students of the department carry out their research in laboratories, theses and dissertations: 1. Research Institute of Energy and Functional Materials. 2. Laboratory engineering profile. 3. The Eurasian Institute of Physics and Energy Research and High Technology. 4. Laboratory of physical and quantum chemistry. 5. Interdisciplinary research complex. Doctoral PhD students make their research in foreign research centers: 1. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA. 2. Institute of Physics, Tartu, Estonia. 3. Russian University of Chemical Technology (Moscow, Russia). 4. National Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk, Russia). 5. Bashkir State University (Ufa, Russia). 6. Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov. In the framework of large-scale research in the field of solar energy, advanced scientific groups from the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov University (Russia), University of North Carolina, Charlotte (USA), Bashkir State University (Ufa, Russia), together with scientists from LNNU ENU Gumilyova.

References 1. https://gosreestr.kazpatent.kz/Utilitymodel/Details?docNumber=294892 2. Debnath R., Tang J., Barkhouse D.A., Wang X., Pattantyus-Abraham A.G., Brzozowski L., Levina L., Sargeant E.H. Ambient-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells via individual pre-encapsulation of nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Cos. 2010. Vol. 132. P. 5952-5953. 3. Koleital G.I., Levina L., Shukla H., Myrskog S.H, Hinds S., Pattantyus-Abraham A.G., Sargeant E.H. Efficient, stable infrared photovoltaics based on solution-cast colloidal quantum dots. ACS Nano. 2008. 2(5). Р. 833-40 4. Fu H., Tang S.-W., Zhang Y., Ouyand J., Lu J., Yu K., Tao Y.. Impact of the Growth Conditions of Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals on Photovoltaic Device Performance Chem. Mater. 2011. Vol. 23. P. 1805-1810. 5. Chang J.A., Rhee J.H., Im S.H., Lee Y.H., Kim H.-J., Seok S.I., Nazeeruddin M.K., High-Performance Nanostructured Inorganic−Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells. M. Gratzed. Nano Lett.2010.Vol. 10. P. 2609-2612. 6. Fan S.Q., Fang B., Kim K.H., Kim J.J., Yu J.S., Ko J. Hierarchical nanostructured spherical carbon with hollow core/mesoporous shell as a highly efficient counter electrode in CdSe quantum-dotsensitized solar cells. Appl.Phys. let. 2010. Vol. 96. P. 063501. 7. Liu H., Tang J., Kramer I.J., Debnath R., Koleilat G.I., Wang X., Fisher A., Li R., Brzozowski L., Levina L., Sergeant E.H. Electron Acceptor Materials Engineering in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Adv. Mater. 2011. Vol. 23. P. 3832. 55

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

8. Gur I., Fromer N.A., Geier M.L., Alivisastors A.P. Air-stable all-inorganic nanocrystal solar cells processed from solution. Science. 2005. Vol. 310. P. 462-465. 9. Wu Y., Zhang G. Performance enhancement of hybrid solar cells through chemical vapor annealing. Nano Lett. 2010. Vol. 10. P. 1628-1631. 10. Zhaou Y., Eck M., Veit C., Zimmermann B., Rauscher F., Niyamakom P., S.Yilmaz, Dumsch I., Allard S., Scherf U., Kruger M. Efficiency enhancement for bulk-heterojunction hybrid solar cells based on acid treated CdSe quantum dots and low bandgap polymer PCPDTBT. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2011. Vol. 95. P. 1232-1237. 11. Kamat P.V. Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light Harvesters. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2008. Vol. 112. P. 18737-18753.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems for haul trucks in mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Glazyrin Sergey (glan-sergey@yandex.ru), Merzadinova Gulnara (gera.62@mail.ru) L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Varlamov Gennadiy (varlamovgb@gmail.com), Barabash Pyotr (barabash_tef@ukr.net) Petrenko Valeriy (petrko@ukr.net), Solomaha Andrey (as_solomaha@ukr.net) National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine Ermolaev Mikhail Olegovich (Mikhail.Ermolaev@mail.ru) «GAB – group of outsourcing companies» LLP

Abstract The objective of the research was a development of hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel system (HGDFS) to transfer the diesel engines operation into the gas-and-diesel mode with replacement of some part of the diesel fuel by natural gas. The test benches were developed to carry out the investigations and laboratory tests on the basis of YAMZ-238M engine and within D245 engine installed on GAZ-3309 automobile as well as the control program for the controller of fuel system in gas-and-diesel mode. The developed hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems were installed on the following vehicles after successful bench tests BelAZ-75405, GAZ-3309, KrAZ-256, Ikarus-256. Nowadays the following vehicles, with engines converted to gas-and-diesel operation are in successful operation BelAZ-75405 – about 11 years; GAZ-3309 – about 8 years; KrAZ-256 – about 12 years; Ikarus-256 – about 8 years. The advantages of the developed hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems are as follows: the replaced amount of diesel fuel by the natural gas is up to 70%; converting simplicity and fastness; engineering or technological modifications of a basic diesel model are not required; the engine becomes universal for operation with liquid or gaseous fuel; both cycles, gas-anddiesel and diesel operation possibility is maintained; the power parameters of a diesel engine operation remain at the documented level; exhaust smoke capacity is reduced by 2 – 3 times; noise level of an engine in gas-and-diesel cycle is reduced by 1.5 times; the unit cost of cargo transportation is significantly reduced. With the price for diesel fuel of 0.47 US dollars per litre, the price for natural gas is 0.16 US dollars per litre, and with average operation period of 355 days per year for one BelAZ75131 haul truck with a minimum replacement of diesel fuel by natural gas of 50%, the yearly economic effect on reducing fuel consumption costs will be 99.797.2 US dollars. Keywords: gas diesel engine, environmental, haul trucks, greenhouse gases.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Introduction High capacity haul trucks with internal combustion diesel engines are used in ore production quarries of mining industry enterprises. Such haul trucks are in round-the-clock operation and consume huge amount of diesel fuel herewith emitting into the atmosphere high quantities of harmful substances with exhaust including greenhouse gases. The objective of the research was a development of hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel system (HGDFS) to transfer the diesel engines operation into the gas-and-diesel mode with replacement of some part of the diesel fuel by natural gas.

Materials and methods BelAZ, Komatsu, Hitachi, Caterpillar (CAT) haul trucks with truck capacities varying from 90 up to 180 tons consuming daily from 890 to 3200 litres of diesel fuel under round-the-clock operation are used in mining enterprises of Kazakhstan. The result of comparative analysis of the haul trucks of mentioned automobile brands by engine power, truck capacity and daily fuel consumption under round-the-clock operation is shown in Table 1 and Figures 1-3. Table 1. Haul trucks specifications

Haul truck model

HITACHI ЕН-1100

HITACHI EH-3500

CAT-777D/F (Caterpillar)

БелАЗ-75131

Power, kW

567

1491

746

1194

Truck capacity, tons

180

130

891,61

3182,69

1526,41

1813,67

Diesel fuel factual consumption, liters/day

Figure 1. Power analysis

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 2. Truck capacity

Figure 3. Analysis by daily and yearly fuel consumption

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The existing fuel systems for diesel engines in gas-and-diesel mode possess the following significant disadvantages: • absence of a separate diesel fuel (DF) control channel. A decrease in supply of diesel fuel is achieved by the engine overloading after gas feed (the engine’s electronics «perceives» this mode as a load decrease and starts reducing the diesel fuel feed); • real replacement of diesel fuel by gas up to 25-30%; • is not applicable for unblown engines; • engine failure probability increases due to the constant overload mode; • is not applicable for diesel engines with mechanical fuel injection system. The test benches were developed to carry out the investigations and laboratory tests on the basis of YAMZ-238M engine (Figure 4) and within D245 engine installed on GAZ-3309 automobile (Figure 5) as well as the control program for the controller of fuel system in gas-and-diesel mode.

Figure 4. Bench tests of gas-and-diesel system within YAMZ-238M2 engine

Figure 5. Bench tests of gas-and-diesel system within D245 engine on GAZ-3309 truck

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The developed hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems were installed on the following vehicles after successful bench tests (Figures 6-8): BelAZ-75405 (YaMZ-240M2 engine); GAZ-3309 (D245 engine); KrAZ-256 (YaMZ-238M2 engine); Ikarus-256 (YaMZ-238M2 engine). The following vehicles, with engines converted to gas-and-diesel operation, are in successful operation in Ukraine nowadays: BelAZ-75405 – about 11 years; GAZ-3309 – about 8 years; KrAZ-256 – about 12 years; Ikarus-256 – about 8 years. The hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel-feed systems of two types had been developed: • with mechanical control system – HGDFS-М; • with microprocessor based control system HGDFS-MP. The HGDFS-M appears as a simple and inexpensive system and is used for modernization of diesel engines of outdated vehicles. Its disadvantage is a decline in combustion process of gas fuel under average and especially low loads, when the gas-air mixture is too poor which leads then to decline in fuel economy, a sharp increase of unburned methane and carbon monoxide emissions.

Figure 6. Installation and successful industrial tests of the hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel system on BelAZ-75405 truck with YAMZ-240M2 engine

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute Рђб The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 7. Installation and successful industrial tests of the hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel system on KrAZ-256 truck with YAMZ-238лю2 engine

Figure 8. Installation and successful industrial tests of the hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel system on Ikarus-256 bus with YAMZ-238лю2 engine

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

HGDFS-MP is a universal system in view of application of microprocessor control over gas fuel feed which allows automatic optimization of the fuel mixture combustion under partial loads, provides adjustment of injection phase of gas fuel portion depending on load and the engine’s speed mode, allows forming of not only homogeneous gas and air mixture in the compression chamber but a heterogeneous mixture as well with various air ratios, appears as more economical related to fuel consumption. The disadvantage of the system is a higher cost compared with the HGDFS-M.

Conclusions The investigation results are confirmed by certificates of many years industrial operation of BelAZ75405, GAZ-3309, Ikarus-256 and KrAZ-256 vehicles in the gas-and-diesel cycle with replacement of diesel fuel by natural gas in amount from 50% to 70% maintaining the engines factory specifications. The patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan was obtained in 2018 for utility model No. 2863 «Gas-anddiesel engine power supply system», registered in the State Register of Utility Models of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 14th May, 2018. The advantages of the developed hybrid gas-and-diesel fuel systems are as follows: • the replaced amount of diesel fuel by the natural gas is up to 70%; • converting simplicity and fastness; • engineering or technological modifications of a basic diesel model are not required; • the engine becomes universal for operation with liquid or gaseous fuel; • both cycles, gas-and-diesel and diesel operation possibility is maintained; • the power parameters of a diesel engine operation remain at the documented (factory) level; • exhaust smoke capacity is reduced by 2 – 3 times; • noise level of an engine in gas-and-diesel cycle is reduced by 1.5 times; • the all-modiness for adjustment of the engine speed in the gas-and-diesel mode is maintained; • gas-and-diesel engine may be adjusted to obtaining of higher output (by 5– 10%), compared to a basic engine model; • the unit cost of cargo transportation is significantly reduced. With the price for diesel fuel of 0.47 US dollars per litre, the price for natural gas is 0.16 US dollars per litre, and with average operation period of 355 days per year for one BelAZ-75131 haul truck with a minimum replacement of diesel fuel by natural gas of 50%, the yearly economic effect on reducing fuel consumption costs will be 99.797.2 US dollars.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTRODUCTION OF KAIZEN PHILOSOPHY Anatoliy Kremenchutskiy (ankrem@gmail.com), Academician IAI, PhD Riza Akhitova (akhitova.riza@mail.ru), PhD student L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract TAbstract. The article discusses the relevance of the issues of improving the quality of processes in higher education. Continuous improvement of the educational process is the result of continuous development of modern trends in education and the need to improve the quality of future education professionals. In this regard, the article covers the basics of the philosophy of Kaizen for higher education, which constantly help improve the process of education. Keywords: Educational process, the philosophy of Kaizen, the quality of education, management.

Introduction In the context of growing competition in the market of educational services quality educational institutions are more successful. The quality of educational services becomes the trust of the university and its customers.

Materials and methods The State Program «Digital Kazakhstan» states: Digitalization is far ahead of the present system of production requirements for the composition of occupations on the labor market. Lack of operational communications between the labor market and the education system can lead to both the preparation is no longer demanded the release of the cadres and cadres of «dying» professions [1]. The restructuring of the existing higher education system in Kazakhstan needs to meet vital needs in terms of digitization, also requires significant investment of time and finances, which increases the risks of this state program. However, similar problems are solved effectively for over 30 years in India during Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, in response to USA restrictions on access to the supercomputer technologies [2]. The Government of India since 1964, invests heavily in the training of 161 countries in the framework of ITEC program [3] and extends the experience in centers of excellence of information and communication technologies (ICT) in nearly 40 countries around the world, including in Kazakhstan. Based on the study, analysis, practical use and processing of this experience have been identified Kaizen principles of educational education. To date, the application of the philosophy of Kaizen in various fields, as well as in the education sector is becoming increasingly popular. Kaizen philosophy originated in Japanese industry in the 1950s and 1960s. This philosophy was discovered in Japan by Japanese quality man64

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

agement researcher Masakaki Imai. In 1986, he published a book «Kaizen: The Key To Japan’s Competitive Success» in England, and in 1997, he published his second book «Gemba Kaizen: The Way to Lower Costs and Improve Quality». Over the past decade Kaizen strategies have been introduced and implemented by universities in the USA, UK and other European countries, as well as universities in Asia and beyond. In the field of industry the Kaizen Strategy was studied by foreign authors such as U. Levinson, D. Tapping, D. Russell, K. Liker, T. Fabrice, P. Jeffrey, Dennis Hobbs, J. Kaoru, M. Colenso and others. Kaizen process aims at continuous improvement of processes not only in manufacturing sector but all other departments as well. But these days, the use of this strategy in higher education is spreading at a very fast pace. «Kaizen» refers to a Japanese word which means «improvement» or «change for the better». Kaizen is states as a continuous effort by each and every employee (from the CEO to field staff) to ensure improvement of all processes and systems of a particular organization. Kaizen means «continuous improvement of processes and functions of an organization through change» [4, p. 20]. Educational Kaizen is formulated as continuous improvement, ranging from personalized educational processes by continuously changing requirements of production to senior management, from the head to the student and his customer. The ideal goal of Kaizen’s educational philosophy is lossless training. All those who practice educational kaizen achieve success in all areas of their lives and develop them without excessive depressing stress due to the smallness of each change that does not cause fear and negative emotions. Educational Kaizen is defined as the totality of proactive management of projects, processes, information, knowledge and wisdom, human capital, training and learning, teamwork, the life strategy of a creative person. From the foregoing, the main tasks of educational Kaizen [5, p.22]: 1. Ensuring customer satisfaction from selection of students and their preparation to employment and joint educational monitoring with the customer. At the same time, organizing customer competition for students is a valuable product of the team’s work; 2. Continuous small changes in all areas of the educational institution – selection, training of students, their interaction with potential employers, personal and team relationships, planning and so on; 3. Reliability of data on all aspects of the organization’s activities and honest analysis of the processes occurring in it; 1. Full informing each employee about his organization; 2. Ensuring openness in the team of an educational institution; 3. Identification and honest recognition of problems at all levels; 4. Eliminating the root cause of the problem and preventing its occurrence; 5. Project management with cross-functional teams; 6. Ensuring positive supportive relationships between all members of the organization; 7. The development of self-discipline as the ability to control oneself with self-esteem and respect of both other individuals and the organization as a whole; 8. The transfer of a certain amount of authority to each employee due to ongoing training in many specialties, constant mastery of new skills. Based on these tasks, many British universities and colleges began to apply the principles of Kaizen ten years ago [6, p. 16]. American universities like University Of Central Oklahoma, The Iowa State University, The University of New Orleans, The Bowling Green State University, The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and The University of Scranton also use the Kaizen strategy to improve higher education quality processes [7, p. 47]. Since the success of a practicing educational Kaizen organization largely depends on the leader who determines the strategy, goals and objectives of the educational institution and creates the conditions for the success of educational Kaizen, the requirements for it are especially high. He must know the theory and methods of managing educational systems, technologies for diagnosing the causes of conflict situations, their prevention and resolution, working with office programs, the basics of economics, sociology; ways of organizing financial and economic activities of an educational institution, civil, administrative, labor, budget, tax legislation, the basics of management, planning, psychology, process management, personnel, projects, have skills in working with information systems that automate the above activities. 65

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Conclusion In our opinion, educational institutions using educational Kaizen can effectively create a bridge to bridge the gap between education and business and make a significant contribution to the implementation of the state program «Digital Kazakhstan». Kaizen philosophy can be used in almost all areas, especially it should be used to improve the quality process of higher education.

References 1. https://digitalkz.kz/ru/o-programme/. 2. The Story of the Birth of PARAM – India’s First Supercomputer // https://mkclindia.wordpress. com/2016/02/12/the-story-of-the-birth-of-param-indias-first-supercomputer. 3. https://www.itecgoi.in/about.php. 4. Imai M., Gemba Kaizen: The way to reduce costs and improve quality: Per. from English. / Masaaki Imai. – 3rd ed. – Moscow: Alpina Business Books, 2007. – 345 p. 5. Liker J. Tao the Toyota:. 14 principles of management of the leading companies in the world: first. from English. / Jeffrey Liker. – 4th ed. – Moscow: Alpina Business Books, 2008. – 402 p. 6. Langer T. Lean University. The Application of Lean thinking for Improving Processes in Higher Education Institutions: Evidence from three UK case studies / Tobias Langer. – Belfast: Queen’s University Belfast, 2011. – 137 p. 7. Balzer, WK Lean higher education: Increasing the value and performance of university processes / William K. Balzer. – New York: Productivity Press, 2010. – 292 p.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

About scientific activity «Eurasian Institute of Physico-Energy Research and High Technology» Kairat Kuterbekov (kkuterbekov@gmail.com), Marzhan Kubenova (kubenova.m@yandex.kz), Kenzhebatyr Bekmyrza (kbekmyrza@yandex.kz), Asset Kabyshev (assetenu@gmail.com) L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract In the article are presented the main directions of activity, scientific results and development prospects of the «Eurasian Institute of Physical and Energy Research and High Technology» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Keywords: thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generators, synthesis, solid chalcogenides, nanopowders, hydrogen energy, fuel cell.

The institute’s laboratories carry out research work on grant financing projects and targeted funding programs in the field of energy and functional materials. Projects and programs of research institutes: • Development of hydrogen energy technology in the Republic of Kazakhstan (2018-2020); • Development of a technology for producing asphaltenes from petroleum feedstocks as organic semiconductors for nanoelectronics (2018-2020); • Luminescent converters of solar radiation based on quantum dots of semiconductors for increasing the efficiency of existing silicon solar cells (2018-2020); Employees of the Research Institute «Eurasian Institute of Physico-Energy Research and High Technology» of L.N. Gumilyov ENU conducted research on the technology of hydrogen energy. The aim of these works is Development of hydrogen energy and its technologies to ensure energy security and sustainable territorial and regional development of Kazakhstan. The forecast of the fuel and energy balance of Kazakhstan shows the urgent need for diversification of energy sources with a gradual transition from hydrocarbons to renewable energy sources, as well as hydrogen energy. Currently, the need for the development of hydrogen energy technologies in Kazakhstan, as well as throughout the world, is an objective reality. The use of fuel cells solves the problems of increasing the efficiency of energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main converters of hydrogen to energy are low– and high-temperature fuel cells. Today, the achieved efficiency of industrial low-temperature hydrogen elements exceeds (40–50)%, which is significantly higher than that of traditional internal combustion engines. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells can have an efficiency of more than 90%. With the direct participation of employees of research institutes in the field of development of hydrogen fuel cells, significant success has been achieved. A two-layer solid electrolyte and ceramic-metal cathode and anode compositions for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have been developed. The characteristics of the developed materials are investigated. The objects of study are materials for composite solid oxide fuel cells. The subject of the study is the electrochemical processes on the electrodes, which depend on many factors:

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

composition, structure, physicochemical properties of the electrode and electrolyte, temperature, partial pressure of the reagent in the gas phase, and morphology of interfaces. The main problems solved during the study and obtained scientific results. The effect of small additives (1, 3, 5 mol%) of transition metal oxides (Co, Cu, Mn, Zn) on the properties of the solid electrolyte Ce0,9Gd0,1O2-δ (GDC) and the possibility of its joint sintering with electrolyte Zr0,81Sc0,19O1,905 (ScSZ) were investigated. The introduction of any of the studied sodopants leads to intensification of sintering of GDC, which brings together the kinetics of sintering of ScSZ and GDC electrolytes. The introduction of sodopants also affects the overall conductivity of the GDC: Co and Cu increase the conductivity; Zn leads to a significant decrease in conductivity; a small addition of Mn (1, 3 mol.%) has practically no effect on the level of conductivity, while 5 mol.% Mn significantly affects the conductivity. The polarization characteristics of the La0,6Sr0,4Fe0,8Co0,2O3 cathode (LSFC) were studied. It has been established that at temperatures above 900° C, LSFC interacts with ScSZ to form the secondary phase La2Zr2O7, which has an extremely negative effect on the polarization resistance of the cathode. To prevent chemical interaction between LSFC and ScSZ, a sufficiently dense buffer layer of GDC with a thickness of 20 μm is enough. Comparison of the characteristics of a monolayer and gradient (two layers: a functional layer with a fine structure in contact with the electrolyte, and a current collector layer with a rougher structure) of the cathode showed that the gradient cathode is characterized by lower polarization resistance and greater stability during long exposure (500 hours) at 750ºС. Moreover, for both types of cathode, the cause of degradation of characteristics is the clustering of Co. The effect of dispersion and the ratio of the initial components of Ni-ScSZ-based metal-ceramic composites on the kinetics of sintering, electrical conductivity, and polarization resistance of SOFC composite anodes was studied. The composites are made from nano– and submicro-sized powders NiO and ScSZ with an average particle size in the range of 0.02-0.33 microns. It was shown that anodic composites with a Ni content of about 40 vol% were characterized by the lowest polarization resistance. Using a nanoscale one or both components in the composite allows the anode polarization resistance to be reduced by up to two times to ~ 0.55 Ohm·cm2 at 900° C. From an anode material containing 30 vol.% nanosized nickel and 70 vol.% submicron ScSZ and electrolyte ScSZ with submicron particle size we were able to produce a defect-free sample by co-sintering a film preform. The fuel cell assembled on the basis of this sample was characterized by specific powers of 1.2, 0.88 and 0.6 W/cm2 at 900, 850 and 800º С, respectively. These characteristics are comparable to the best world results. The developments of the employees of the research institute are unique in that they can be universally used, both in experimental scientific research (during research work) and as part of a laboratory workshop in the educational process. Currently, at the Research Institute «Eurasian Institute of Physic-Energy Research and High Technology» of L.N. Gumilyov ENU a certain material base for conducting research on hydrogen energy was created. The created material and technical base with modern equipment also allows the training of qualified specialists in the field of alternative energy. In unique experimental facilities, laboratory work is carried out in the disciplines of hydrogen energy, in which students, undergraduates and doctoral students conduct experimental studies of the characteristics of the developed membrane-electrode blocks and SOFCs.

Figure 1. Experimental installations for the study of the characteristics of low-, medium– and high-temperature fuel cells

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

An important activity of the research institute is research on the development and creation of fundamentally new highly efficient thermoelectric materials to achieve high energy efficiency of thermoelectric generators and their subsequent commercialization. This will solve two important problems at once: in the field of environmentally friendly small energy and in the field of rational use of natural resources of Kazakhstan. Currently, medium-temperature thermoelectric materials sold on the world market – analogues (PbTe and CoSb3) are (4–5) times more expensive than the high-performance thermoelectric materials we offer, with their characteristics being 30–40% lower. In addition, the material we offer does not have toxic components. Therefore, the development and creation of highly efficient thermoelectric materials for thermoelectric energy generators is in demand and significant. In recent years, our research has allowed us to optimize the chemical composition and conditions for the synthesis of material, which has high efficiency (ZT≈1.5–2.0) in the range (200–500)0 С, which is at the level of the best world achievements. A Eurasian Patent and Utility Model Patent have been obtained. In the study of lithium-substituted sulfides and copper selenides, we found that the ionic conductivity and the diffusion rate of copper in materials are reduced by almost an order of magnitude compared to the initial binary compositions, and the coefficient of thermo-emf stays high and even rises. This greatly improves the prospects for chalcogenides for practical use. Kazakhstan has developed mining and non-ferrous metallurgy in which copper and silver chalcogenides are intermediate products of production. Therefore, the creation of new highly efficient thermoelectric materials using as industrial raw materials – industrial wastes – contributes to a marked reduction in the cost of production. Leadership in obtaining fundamentally new materials with high operational characteristics and its successful commercialization will undoubtedly have a high national and international priority. Such results (at the level of the best world ones) were obtained thanks to our own niche of urgent tasks and some already achieved recognition of the professionalism of research performers – links to our works in publications of leading scientists of famous scientific centers of the world. The main consumers of this product and/or service: enterprises producing thermoelectric generators and semiconductor refrigerators. The main advantage of the superionic material we offer in comparison with competitors is the absence of toxic components, lower price, high energy efficiency, high efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy. In addition, the cost of our production can be significantly reduced when used as raw materials – waste from the copper and non-ferrous industry of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis with existing (on the market) analogues is given in table Table 1. Comparative characteristics of our highly efficient thermoelectric material and its analogues

Indicators

Analogue 1 (p – PbTe)

Analogue 2 (n – CoSb3)

Our production p – Li0.15±xCu1.85±yS

Maximum value of thermoelectric figure of merit

ZT≈0.7 at 3500С

ZT≈0.8 at 5500С

ZT ≈2.1 at 4800С

The presence of toxic components

Contains Lead

Contains Cobalt

No toxic ingredients available

Temperature range

(200–600)0С

(400–700)0С

(300–500)0С

In the temperature range (500–800), our material has a ZT parameter in the range from 0.6 to 2, exceeding both analogs in thermoelectric efficiency by (1.5–2) times. Unlike PbTe and CoSb3, the material we offer does not have toxic components, it solves the problem of developing and creating an inexpensive, environmentally friendly high-performance thermoelectric material. At the same time, it has a greater efficiency. Such results are at the level of the best world achievements.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Prospects Given the existing special methodological developments, in the Project we plan for the first time to synthesize copper sulfides substituted by alkali metals (Li, Na). In our joint research works, previously unexplored nanocomposite compositions of highly effective thermoelectric material will be obtained. They will be optimized by non-stoichiometry. Recently, in foreign research and in our works, it was first established that in the region of the superionic phase transition there is a sharp increase in the ZT value. In chalcogenides, the region of the superionic phase transition can occupy several tens of degrees, and the temperature of the beginning of the transition depends on non-stoichiometry and the presence of an impurity stabilizing the superionic state. Therefore, this circumstance can be purposefully used to transfer the working area of the thermoelectric to the region of lower temperatures, which will greatly reduce the degradation of the material. Another significant difference is that we will use the original method for the fast synthesis of nanosized particles of triple chalcogenides at low temperatures [1-3]. The Institute is engaged in experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction of light weakly bound neutron-rich nuclei that are remote from the stability line. Physics with beams of radioactive nuclei is currently one of the most priority areas, and scientists have high hopes for the discovery of a number of new unique results (their unusual characteristics, reaction mechanisms). Interest in such results is shown not only by experts in the field of nuclear physics, but also astrophysicists, and scientists from related fields of science and technology. The objects of study are the interaction cross sections for the light weakly bound (cluster and exotic) nuclei 6–9Li, 11Li interacting with various nuclei (28Si and others). Subject of study: features of the interaction of light weakly bound lithium nuclei 6–9Li, 11Li at low energies. The purpose of the study: the study of fundamentally new phenomena in the interaction of light weakly bound (cluster and exotic) nuclei at low energies. The main tasks solved in the research process and the obtained scientific results. For the first time, a new method for measuring the total cross sections of reactions with beams of light weakly bound exotic nuclei was implemented. In the (9Li+28Si) reaction, the bump feature (a fundamentally new effect) was revealed for the first time in the energy dependence of the total reaction cross sections, which manifests itself as a local increase in the cross section in the energy range (10–30) MeV/nucleon (see Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Energy dependences of all experimental data available in the literature on the total reaction cross sections for 6–9,11Li nuclei interacting with a 28Si nucleus

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

In the framework of a joint analysis (elastic scattering differential cross sections angular distributions and total reaction cross sections) of the entire set of (our and published) experimental data, a new phenomenon has been discovered in the interaction of weakly bound 6–9Li and 11Li nuclei. A similar effect was also found in the reactions of exotic 6He with a 28Si nucleus in the low-energy region. The first sufficiently large values of the total reaction cross sections, depending on the energy, as well as its rapid increase in the short energy range in the low-energy region, can lead, respectively, to the release (release) of a larger amount of energy, which is interesting in searching for new energy sources – for alternative energy. The new data obtained (the existence of an anomalous increase in the total reaction cross sections) in a rather narrow energy range (10–30) MeV/nucleon in reactions (9Li + 28Si and others) will explain important issues of nucleosynthesis (nuclear astrophysics). This is important for understanding the mechanism of formation and prevalence of light elements in the universe. During nucleosynthesis, a large cross section for the interaction of light weakly bound nuclei (6He, 9Li, 7Be, and others) can change the β-decay chains leading to the formation of various elements. A further step in future experiments, in order to detect an even greater effect, would be an experimental study of the interaction of light exotic nuclei (6,8He, 11Li) with the same light weakly bound target nucleus, for example (2H, 9Be, and others) in the energy region near the Coulomb the barrier. In this case, the effect should be even stronger: both in cross section and in a wider energy range, and it can occur at lower energies close to the Coulomb barrier, or sub-barrier energies. A similar example is well known for dp reactions, where in the deep-barrier energy region there is a significant increase in the cross section, the so-called Oppenheimer-Philips resonance [4], associated with the polarization of a weakly bound deuteron. This phenomenon led to the discovery of a thermonuclear reaction, accompanied by a colossal release of energy. In the case of a reaction with 6He and 11Li, this effect is stronger due to the lower binding energy of the 6 He and 11Li nuclei compared to the deuteron, the large Coulomb repulsive forces polarizing these nuclei, and the large positive values of Q reactions. Therefore, the employees of the institute carry out predictive calculations for the reaction (11Li + 9Ве), (11Li + 2Н) at near-barrier energies, and the unique new experiments will be carried out soon.

References 1. Balapanov M.Kh., Ishembetov R.Kh., Kuterbekov K.A., Nurakhmetov T.N., Urazaeva E.K., Yakshibaev R.A. Influence of the cation sublattice defectness on the electronic thermoelectric power of Lix Cu(2−x)−δ S(x≤0.25) // Inorganic Materials. – 2014. – Vol. 50. – Issue 9. – P. 930-933. 2. M. Kh. Balapanov, R. Kh. Ishembetov, K. A. Kuterbekov, M. M. Kubenova, R. F. Almukhametov, and R. A. Yakshibaev. Transport phenomena in superionic NaхCu2-хS (х = 0,05; 0,1; 0,15; 0,2) compounds. // Ionics. 2018. V.24. P. 1349–1356. 3. M.Kh. Balapanov, M.M. Kubenova, K.A. Kuterbekov, A.Kozlovskiy, S.N. Nurakov, R.Kh. Ishembetov, R.A. Yakshibaev. Phase analysis, thermal and thermoelectric properties of nanocrystalline Na0.15Cu1.85S, Na0.17Cu1.80S, Na0.20Cu1.77S alloys // Eurasian J. Phys. Func. Mat. 2018. V.2. P.231-241. 4. Oppenheimer J.R., Phillips M. Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons // Phys.Rev. – 1935. – Vol. 48. – P. 500-502

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

SOCIAL ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGY «KAZAKHSTAN-2050» Roza Nurtazina (roza_nur@mail.ru) Doctor of Political Sciences, Faculty of Journalism and political science, Professor of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan) L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The article discusses aspects of the media in Kazakhstan, which are an effective and efficient channel for informing the public about the activities of the authorities. These features make it the most important social institution and the backbone factor of the state’s information space. Today, issues related to the freedom of access to information of journalists and the public, the legal protection of personal secrets in the media and the protection of a citizen from false and unfair information are relevant. Keywords: Social policy, mass media, social society, media culture, «Kazakhstan-2050» strategy.

Today social role of the mass media is very important for civil society. Professional nature of the mass media determines attitude to public and social phenomena of life. Throughout the history of mankind «social policy» was developed by different types of society and was implemented in state activity. Analysis of various researches of the history of social policy shows that issues related to understanding of the essence of politics and relations between state and society have been the subject of attention of many thinkers. Scholars of different schools recognized that the task of state is to take care of its residents. Plato argued that «all powers, because it is an authority, have in mind the benefit of no one but those who are subjected to it», and a «true ruler has in mind not something that fits him, but what suits his subjects» [1]. Aristotle pointed out «state is created not in order to live, but to live happily ever after,» «state …. is a union to assist» [2]. The concept of maximum participation of state in providing social conditions of citizens is reflected in the work of Fichte «The Closed Commercial State» [3]. Social policy is a system of relations arising between social subjects during implementation of the main objectives of society expressed in formation and assignment of social needs determined by priorities of economic development. If a goal of social policy is to achieve social efficiency, the concept of social policy is regarded as interpretation of ways to meet social needs, and in the narrow context it is reduced to the resolution of contradictions in social sphere, to an instrument to mitigate negative effects of individual and social inequality in society. The main instrument of social state is the mass media. Responsibility of the mass media to civil society is in constant dynamics. Modern theories of the media as political communication reflect a social position of state. That is why the mass media modernization as a social institution is always in the center of public attention. 72

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The book «Four Theories of Press» by F. Siebert, U. Schramm, T. Peterson [4] published in the United States is relevant today. This book emphasizes that press always takes shape and coloring of the social and political structures within which it operates. The media reflects a system of social control governing relationship between individuals and social institutions on the basis of media culture. The media (from Latin «media», «medium» – means, the mediator) is the term of the XX century, originally introduced to refer to any phenomenon of «mass culture» («mass culture», «mass media»). As for the concept of «media culture», it is a brainchild of modern cultural theories introduced to denote a special type of culture of information society, which is a mediator between society and state, society and government. Media culture is defined as a set of information and communication tools, material and intellectual values produced by man in the course of cultural and historical development contributing to the formation of social consciousness and socialization of an individual in civil society. Media culture includes the culture of transfer of information and the culture of its perception. It can act as a system of development levels of man capable to perceive, analyze, evaluate a media text, to be engaged in media creativity, and to acquire new knowledge in the field of mass media. Media Culture is a multifunctional phenomenon, which has a unique role in social system of state. Classification of cultural functions given in writings of different scholars – philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, cultural theorists –varies between six and fourteen. Media functions characterizing the media culture and making it an integrating factor of social modernization of society are the following: • Social orientation of the mass media; • Control of consciousness and behavior of an addressee of the mass media information in social community; • Formation of an adequate picture of reality in society, ideas about a desired future and ways to achieve it, definition of life and political positions of citizens; • Development of attitude towards various life phenomena [5]. The modern mass media gets improved with the improvement of state social, political, cultural, economic conditions. Researchers identify six basic models of the media as a social institution. In the modern period of the development of the Kazakh society, a successful solution to political, economic and social problems increasingly depends on social activity of man. The role of press, radio and television, Internet in public life of the country increases, it is evidenced by their rapid growth, prevalence and openness of audience to the mass media. Printed and spoken word, television image can reach the most remote areas and enter into any social environment in the shortest period of time. The media is a powerful force to influence people's minds, a means of fast delivery of information to different parts of the world, the most effective means to influence human emotions. At the time of globalization, the mass media has a strong influence on man and, therefore, their role in the development of social responsibility increases in civil society. The main tasks of the government in industrialization and technological development of our country economy are defined in the address of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan «Let's Build up Future Together!» of 2011. But the main goal of the program is to strengthen the welfare of the people. The head of the state pays a particular attention to social modernization. «I have adopted three major state programs: development of education, health and languages. I instruct the Government, together with the Mayors to develop and adopt fundamentally new programs by May 1 of this year: a new employment strategy, modernization of the housing and municipal facilities maintenance, providing the population with good-quality drinking water. The programs aim to settle daily problems of the millions of common people in our country and improve the life quality of Kazakhstanis» [6] (Figure 1). The media plays a big role in interpretation of the state program to the citizens because it is the driving force of social policy of state. Today the real information power in society belongs neither to those who pass it, nor to those who receive it but to those who provide information. So, a question of an effective operation of the media in addressing social problems arises. That is why the study of the influence of the media on socialization of civil society through public opinion becomes important. The socio-psychological aspect of this issue has not yet been explained in scientific literature. The question of study of the mechanisms of formation of massive social evaluations, traditions, stereotypes also remains open. In its evaluation function, depending on interests and values of a social subject public opinion always selects the most useful, important and necessary from the spiritual and natural reality to meet its interests and to ensure its survival. 73

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Health care Social modernization – new social policy Modernization of education Development of languages New employment strategy, generation of qualified work-force Modernization of housing and municipal facilities maintenance Quality drinking water Income increase – new quality of life Figure 1. Social Priorities in the Address of the President of RK «Let's Build up Future Together!» 2011

In the information market of Kazakhstan there are 2,265 media of foreign countries including 2,183 newspapers and magazines, 82 TV and radio programs. (Figure 2, Figure 3). And this diversity does not preclude, but complements and promotes the rapid development of the Kazakh media, creates a unique palette of the information field in Kazakhstan. Annual state order for publication of information policy financed from the budget greatly contributes to it. The right to receive this order is determined by the results of the competition among the media regardless of their form of ownership. It should also be noted that the annual priorities of the state information policy are such socially important topics as social, investment, language and migration policy of the state, integration processes in the CIS territory, cultural and historical ties of the Commonwealth countries, promotion of healthy lifestyles, fight against crime, extremism and terrorism, moral and spiritual education of the younger generation, the development of small and mediumsized businesses, and others. In the face of competition and democratization of information sphere many non-state media are leaders by popularity rating in the domestic media market. These include printed media «Vremya», «AIF-Kazakhstan» and «MK in Kazakhstan», «NP-Novoe Pokolenie «, «Delovaya Nedelya» «Express K», «Panorama», «Vremya ON», «Nachnem s Ponedelinka»,»Info-Tses» and other, electronic media – KTK, NTK, the Agency «Khabar», «Radio NA», «Europe plus Kazakhstan», «Radio Caravan». Formation and adaptation of the various editions to new conditions and their thematic focus on social issues goes on differently. Some publications hardly cover the topic, others partially use techniques and genres of the «Western journalism» evolving following the change in the needs of its young audience. Third media largely use foreign experience, but without blind copying freely improvised and apply it. Almaty, Karaganda, East Kazakhstan, Kustanai area are the largest cities by the number of existing media in the country, This to some extent is reflected in the informational awareness of the younger audience since these regions are characterized by a favorable economic situation and an active business movement of the youth [7]. In Kazakhstan society the mass media activities are deployed through a broad range of their functions, methods and forms which ensure their significant impact on public opinion and consciousness, on the mass behavior of people. Managerial effect of the mass media can transform social reality mainly by changing the behavior of mass audience, institutions, groups, social groups and individuals. The rights of citizens, communities, associations and groups are implemented through the media. Representing their interests journalism uses such techniques as persuasion, organization and moral coercion. A crucial factor ensuring implementation of the purpose of the mass media in society is their credibility. It depends on the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the audience and society as a whole. 74

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

The media plays an important role in implementation of the state social policy, as reflected in the message of the President of Kazakhstan, but compared with the materials of the political and economic plan, publications on social issues in the national newspapers are given insufficient attention.

Figure 2. Active media in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Figure 3. Total electronic media in Kazakhstan

Yet, in spite of some differences in the number of publications and genre features, newspapers try to create a single information flow directed at understanding the problems accumulated in the social sphere. The diversity of the social subjects allows newspapers to vary them selecting the most important social processes from their point of view. For example, legal regulation that can be twofold. On the one hand, it contributes to delinquent behavior, or, what is more important, to infringe certain rights and freedoms of natural persons and legal entities. On the other hand, it is encourages good behavior by demonstrating the stability of the legal rules and the inevitability of its application. That is, the media fulfills its social mission ambiguously. One of the aspects of mass communication is criminal situation. There are two phenomena of mass-communication, which are considered very active factors in determination of crime: criminalization of people, especially youth and young adults, and victimization of population. Both phenomena occur under the influence of «hard working» system of mass communication. The population gets a negative view of the law enforcement system, lacks confidence in its capabilities. Another important issue for our country is the development of social services institution. The media do not always turn to the subject, even when publishing social advertising, understanding their effectiveness. In this regard, social marketing and public relations should take a prominent place in marketing of social services. The strategic objective of the media in this respect is to familiarize the public with the activities 75

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

of the third sector, the creation of correct understanding of what social services and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) live with. The relationship of social services and the media is also one of the most difficult tasks. Indeed, despite the fact that any newspaper has a section devoted to social problems, journalists do not often write about NGOs because of the poor knowledge of their work, and the «charity» subject has often classified as «Christmas» stories. In Kazakhstan, only a limited number of advertising agencies are engaged in social advertising while experience of countries with the developed social sphere shows that the value of social advertising marketing increases significantly. This is due to: • expansion of social services; • complexity of problems to be solved in social sphere (drug addiction, crime, child suicide); • lack of competition, because basically these problems are the problems of the state and public charities. In this connection it is necessary to create a mechanism for implementing the idea of social assistance. To address these issues, an ongoing dialogue with the public at large and active actions must be planned and conducted on the constant basis to win the trust of the people. Social services must truly and interestingly inform people through the media: • on their activities, innovative plans; • seek identification of «their» public and organizational values; • promote design and institutionalization by public of their support of power structures; • retain or change the image of social services organizations and their management. With the development of democracy and the establishment of civil society the need in mutually beneficial cooperation, care for the favorable attitude of the public to the activities of authorities is the foundation of a strong and confident social policy with adequate social responsibility [8]. The meaning of media activities in the considered functional situation is precisely to clarify the interests and expectations of the public in order to: • provide social services with information about public opinion and to assist them in developing adequate responses; • support the leadership and maintain it in a state of readiness to various changes by early prediction of trends. Power structures have to intervene in public affairs or to put forward in front of the population new demands, and then people will either support these activities or defend their interests. As a result, in a democratic constitutional state public opinion become a recognized tool and a way to win and keep the goodwill, the deputation of power. The media are formed as a public institution and their social essence lies in the fact that it is a powerful tool to influence the audience in order to optimize its activities, socialization of personality and the development of integration processes in information society. Research of the media role in society has shown the existence of different points of view that are associated with the multifaceted aspects of the influence of mass media on the spiritual world of man. Here are some of the positions of scientists about the social role of the media [9]. An English scientist, a representative of the cultural trends in the study of media A. Moles defines the role of the media as a translator of culture or the memory of the world. A. Moles drew attention to the fact that, due to to the development of electronic media information material began to be fragmented. According to the scientist, messages that are broadcast through newspapers, television or radio are transmitted in a statistical state, in the form of the fact that deprives them of their dynamism. Perception of events becomes like a freeze-frame leveling their time and spatial characteristics. As a result, the cultural values are inherited not in a historical perspective but as an encyclopedic collection – «a little of everything». Cultural studies approach to the social role of the media of a representative of the French school T. Adorno is also peculiar. He defends the position of «the devastating effects of media on personality» through 76

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

dissemination of stereotypes of mass culture. An opponent of this approach is an American sociologist S. Hall. The scientist investigated the role of the media in the process of interaction of mass culture and different social structures emphasizing the integrating role of the first. Yet let us consider the main social functions of the media in the context of globalization which is recognized by the majority of scientists in the world. The first is that the media is a translator of cultural values. The second is that the media is a mechanism for managing mass consciousness. As you can see, these definitions of the role of media in society imply involvement of the media in the process of managing social relationships in contemporary society. One of the key guarantees of the effectiveness of public opinion is a complete, objective and timely provision of formation in the process of its formation and expression. It is clear that poorly informed, immature public opinion is a great temptation for bureaucracy to turn it into an object of manipulation, an opportunity to get away from its strict control. And therefore, the right way to get rid of the pressure of bureaucratic minority opinions is to ensure universal awareness of citizens, to give them a real opportunity to thoroughly judge everything. A huge role in implementation of informational guarantees of the public opinion in socially developed society belongs to the media, especially to the electronic one. Emphasizing this role a famous German specialist Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann notes that the media form a «giant, abstract and sovereign mass which is called «opinion»... Thus, a monstrous powerful force appear that can grow because the need to be together with public, a part of which a person is, to think and act in accordance with the general opinion is stronger and more compelling the bigger this community is, the more powerful compulsion on the part of the general opinion it creates, and the more this need is satisfied»[10] Effective social influence of the media which takes into account effectiveness of the public opinion of the citizens of Kazakhstan is one of the challenges. This will largely be determined by the strategy of promoting reform, overcoming the social and economic crisis, strengthening of statehood institutions. In 1997 the Head of State addressed the people of the country «Prosperity, Security and the Welfare of all People of Kazakhstan» which defined the strategic priorities of Kazakhstan till 2030. In 2009, implementation of the first part of the ten-year strategic development plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan was completed, the main goals were achieved. The key areas and strategic objectives of the next decade were defined in thea strategic plan of the development of Kazakhstan till 2020. The state's efforts will focus on five key areas: • Preparation for post-crisis development; • Accelerated diversification of the economy; • Investment in the future; • Services for citizens; • Ensuring inter-ethnic harmony, security and stability in international relations. New principles of the social state are social guarantees and personal responsibility, they are defined in the Strategy «Kazakhstan-2050» where it is noted that the social security and welfare of our citizens is the best guarantee of stability in the society. In Kazakhstan there is a growing request for updated and more effective social policies that can cope with the challenges of the time. As international experience shows, there is no ideal and universal model of social policy. Also, there is no society in which all citizens would be satisfied with the existing social system. New social policies arising from the Strategy «Kazakhstan-2050 [11]: • In the context of the global crisis a guarantee to the citizens of minimum social standards which depend on economic growth and increase of the budget; • Prevention of the growth of poverty citizens; • Extension of the needs of an individual including needs for education and health (including the unemployed and the disabled with a view to their greater socialization), healthy eating and healthy lifestyle, the satisfaction of intellectual and information requests; 77

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

• • • • • • •

An effective targeted support of socially vulnerable segments of society – pensioners, the disabled, the disabled, the sick children; Improving of social security and pensions, protection of motherhood and childhood. Social support of unemployed subject to the person who fell into this category learning a new profession. Solving the problems of social imbalances in regional development, and the development of new effective mechanisms leveling socio-economic conditions in the regions. Coordination of government agencies in the field of regional development; A complex solution to the problems of migration, which affect the labor markets in the regions of country; Modernization of employment and remuneration policies.

The media plays a big role in explaining the Strategy «Kazakhstan-2050» to the citizens and its implementation. On the basis of the liberal approach of the media's role in social policy, the mass media is the main driving force with actual tasks: The first task of the media is to understand the modern world, comprehensive orientation in the system of social relations and realization of «live» values of social, economic, political, legal, labor, cultural and domestic order. Therefore, with the help of political institutions, economists and political scientists, legal scholars and cultural studies the media shows the world of public life as the requirements of humanistic progress of social state require. The second task of the media is to determine their place in the social structure. In different social concepts there are differences in the approaches to the structuring of the social system of society. They do not relate to the generally accepted ideas on distinguishing educational, national, regional, age or professional groups. The differences relate to the issues what age range should be defined as children, adolescents, young people, how to group professional attributes. A question about classes and attributes by which a social class shall be determined is much more difficult. Are there a working class and a capitalist class in the sense in which we talk about them in the XIX century? What is a «middle class» and does it really exist in its full integrity? Which class should be classified as employees of the trade or the service sector? Can we call «a class» officialdom (bureaucracy, managers, and managers), or humanitarian, creative intelligentsia? The question of the social role of a particular class in modern society is even more difficult. The third task of the media in formation of social position is the necessity to understand the complexity of relationships between various «parts» of community. There are contradictions between the «West» and the «East», the «North» and the «South», between «rich» and «poor» countries, between regions, living based on different civilizational fundamentals («Christian», «Muslim «,» Confucian «, etc..), their specific nuances in the common to all countries contradiction between social and class forces and their ideological representatives in numerous party associations. This requires a new look of the media at the world processes. Since the beginning of the XXI century the global features of social life that brought mankind to the new realities, the threats and the need to rethink the nature of the modern era, the acting forces and the path of the development of civil society began to develop.

During formation of its social role the media should take into account two historical factors The first factor: in the world where there were three forces: • World imperialism («West», the «free world»), • Countries of the socialist community («the world of totalitarianism,» «evil empire», «Soviet bloc») • The third world in which a non-aligned movement was actively announced and the so-called «global problems» arose. Their military aspect is a threat to the physical destruction of all life as a result of atomic fire. 78

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Economic aspect is the threat of global financial turmoil due to the uneven development of the North and South, financial difficulties of many countries caused by a huge foreign debt. Ecological aspect is related to irrational use of natural resources and their depletion, pollution of the critical areas causing irreversible changes in the world of human habitation. Such «global problems» as information, humanitarian, demographic, food, medical are unsolvable within a particular State or a block of countries and require specific efforts of the whole world. Hence there is a need to move from confrontation to cooperation for the sake of survival of humanity even while preserving differences, contradictions and rivalries which must be «removed» through dialogue and agreements. Under these conditions, the social role of the media is formed based on the idea of «de-ideologization of international relations», they must focus on common benefits of mankind muting national, regional, a block interests. Matters relating to political interests of a country, regional alliances, continents, must be seen against the background of the whole world. We should learn to unite universal and individual interests. Many peculiarities, nuances in attitudes and approaches to social phenomena shall make the media look for new mechanisms of evaluation and decision making. The second factor is that the formation of a new position of the media is closely related to changes in economic, political and social life of a modern society. In the historic contest between capitalism and socialism in the real world of the XX century countries of the capital have managed to adapt to the realities of life, go forward in economic development, improve the situation of workers, develop democratic institutions and establish the rule of law, change the situation with protection of human rights. The world of socialism have not stood the strain of the historical events, failed to timely respond to the «challenges» under the weight of excessive military expenditures, inadequate economic and social policies under the ideology dictatorship. As a result, it seems that socialism failed, and capitalism has won the historic battle proving its advantages in social policy. Under the pressure of global changes in the world of capital, under the influence of the ideas of socialism, under the pressure of the workers' movement and the impact of the development of scientific and technological revolution and its social consequences a post-industrial society has appeared in which the information civilization realizes humanistic values. Social position of the media in society formed on humanistic values is seemed promising and leading to the future called a new type of civilization. The first civilization is archaic, nature was predominantly its source of wealth; The second is economic, associated with labor as the main source of wealth; The third is informational characterized by dominance of creativity and intelligence on the basis of a thorough knowledge of the laws of the world, ownership of information and information technology, use of science for the benefit of man. And in this context, a new view of the media on the society structure, the place and role of various social groups in it is needed, and it is also important to effectively fight for the triumph of universal ideals and humanistic values. There is a point of view saying that the «engine» of progress in information society is intellectuals, the middle class, the «class armed with knowledge,» and therefore the media has to defend its interests. On the other hand, intellectuals generate new knowledge, while implementation and practical application of innovative knowledge is a matter of business enterprise and structures. In this case, the media should take their side too. In the third case, it is impossible to implement innovative knowledge without workers running a machine, working in fields, farms, shops, etc., it is not possible to express and protect their interests without the media. As a result, all versions are important to the media, so the social policy of the state is dominated by «middle class.» «Middle class» is a set of dynamic, educated and able to creatively use information «representatives» of different class groups. Intellectuals, skilled workers, farmers and co-operators, small and medium entrepreneurs, workers of 'liberal professions', civil servants, managerial staff interested in social stability and sustainable development of society, the development of democracy and public security, justice, economic system, providing equal opportunities for its various sectors. «Middle class» is economic and social foundation of modern society. This includes business leaders, representatives of the «upper class» representing vulnerable people who require public support and care. 79

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Accordingly the nature of interaction of journalists and public opinion, historical consciousness, ideology and the worldview is formed, i.e. the nature of the media actions is determined. Social position – performance in the interests of certain levels of society while representing the interests of the whole society – determines the nature of the mass-media activity in the informational sphere. Concentrated expression of ideological and practical position of the media is political programs and tactical solutions of various political parties, unions, associations, NGOs, groups, associations of like-minded people. Further development, clarification, transformation of ideological, political and tactical statements takes place through various organizations. Working within these organizations the media is able to rely on material, creative and organizational support in their activities. In this context, problems of social position of the media, their freedom and independence in the light of social policy of civil society arise. The first problem is whose interests the media shall represent, how they should be represented ideologically and practically and how they should be presented to the wide audience without pressure. The second problem is connected with the situation where a journalist is an employee of the media with the position he does not agree with. There are three solutions to this situation. One is connected with the establishment of an internal editorial dialogue. If an agreement could not be reached, the desire for independence should prompt the journalist to leave this media to look for those with the like-minded people, or try to create his own media (to become «independent» journalist who offer his works to those media which are ready to publish it). The third solution is a possibility to reject his position «in favor of» the media leadership’s position. In this case, the journalist will demonstrate his unprincipled position. It is important to preserve independence from such forces and influences that cause the media to move away from a principle position. Advanced information, computer and telecommunication technologies repeatedly reinforce the impact of the media on the socio-political and cultural life of people. Development of the information space of Kazakhstan is connected with further democratization of the political and public life, with the reform of socio-economic sphere. In the context of information policy that means to recognize the presumption of openness of information for citizens, to protect their information rights. This is the orientation of the principal components of the information space to ensure free flow of information, realization of the constitutional right of citizens to its free search, receipt, production and distribution. Transition of Kazakhstan to the new type of economic development with an innovative direction, civil society, the rule of law and political pluralism generate public demand for information, which is a challenge for the media. The media must enhance such properties as: • mass, • replicability, • periodicity • use of information resources, • creation of primary information, • use of innovative information technologies. The media are an efficient and effective channel to inform public about activities of authorities. These features make it the most important social institution and the factor of the informational space of our republic. Today the issues related of freedom of access to information for journalists and the public, legal protection of privacy in the media and protection of citizens from unfair and false information are urgent. To solve these problems, we need the following actions: • To preserve freedom of media from the interests of government, business, and a possibility of strengthen of their influence on the media – direct pressure, supply of media with incomplete, distorted or false information, lack of rights of journalists, merging of government, business and the media structures; 80

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

• • • • • • • •

To limit concentration and monopolization of the media leading to decrease in number of independent sources of information; To promote development of local media and protection of interests of regional media; To improve legislation in exercising of freedom of expression, free distribution of media; To avoid incitement of violence and ethnic intolerance in the media; To ensure the media pluralism and their access to official information; To ensure freedom of speech while protecting the national interests of the country; To develop measures that can ensure a balance of interests of individual, society and state in the media activity while overcoming distrust of the large part of population to the media and the negative attitude towards information that does not meet personal or social expectations of citizens; To align legislation and regulations related to the media with the international law.

In our republic there is an active interpenetration of traditional and online media, the problem of adaptation of the media to the realities of information society remains acute. This problem is multifaceted and relates to interaction of three subjects and objects of contradictions: • traditional media system; • professional telecommunication community with the media network; • consumers of information. Traditional media actively use Internet network platforms that create new problems for the media: • legalization of online media, that is recognition of their right to be called «the media»; • definition of genre features of journalism and publishing activities in the networks; • interaction of interactive and traditional ways of presenting information; • taking into account the socio-psychological characteristics of the perception of the network information; • development of principles of management and marketing online publications. In Kazakhstan media space is extending, it actively influences the public consciousness being a powerful tool of information, cultural and educational ties, a factor of development of creative abilities of an individual of the new millennium. In this regard, social relationships and models of modern identity get more complex, forcing us again to try to understand such phenomena as «media» and «media culture» and their role in society. Therefore, the role of the media remains important in our country. As the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev noted: «We shall dramatically increase the informational content of the life of Kazakhstani society, widen the ability of Internet technologies both in informing citizens and in strengthen the ongoing» feedback» betwee the state and the population»[12].

References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Plato. Works in 4 Volumes, 2006, V.3, P 104-105 Aristotle, Works in 4 Volumes, 1981, V.4, P 460 Denisova I.P., Klinovenko L.R. Social Politics. Textbook. – Rostov-on-Don: Feniks, 2007 – P.13 The Four Theories of Press. F. Siebert, U. Schramm, T. Peterson., 1998 Kirillova N. Media Culture: from Modern to Postmodern. – M.: Akademichesky Prospect. 2005. – P. 128 – 151. 6. The Address of the President N.A Nazarbayev to the People of Kazakhstan «Let's Build the Future Together!» of 2011. – http://www.akorda.kz

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

7. Morozov A.A. To the Question of Modernization of the State Mass Media.//Kazakhstan Spektr. 2009. No.1 – P. 42-45. 8. Larionov I.K. Social Management Strategy. Textbook. 2d edition. – M.: Publishing and Trade Corporation «Dashkov b K», – 2007, p. 486 9. Nurtazina R.A. Modern Mass Communication at Globalization. Part 1. Textbook. Almaty: «Printing House Komplex», 2007. – P.139-140 10. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. Public Opinion. Discovery of the Silence Spiral. – M., 1996, P. 245-246 11. The Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the Leader of the Nationa Nursultan Nazarbayev to the People of Kazakhstan «Strategy «Kazakhstan-2050»: New Political Course of the Established State», 14.12.2012. 12. Nazarbayev N.A. Social Modernization: Twenty Steps to Universal Labor Society. 17.02.2012. www.enbek.gov.kz

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

SALINE SOILS – GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Zhanar Rakhymzhan (r.zhanar80@mail.ru) Raykhan Beisenova (r.zhanar80@mail.ru) L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The propagation of saline soils in Kazakhstan is one of the major issues nowadays, and scientists have begun to have a strong interest in land degradation such as widespread saline soils. Certainly, protecting biodiversity, preventing desertification and increasing food production are fundamental solutions to environmental problems that lead to resource shortages. Saline soil posses 51% area of 222 countries and regions and in 21 countries saline soil posses more than 10% of the area. The areas with the highest degree of soil salinization are Asia, Africa, South America, and North America. According to the UN 2000’s statistics, the amount of saline soil in Kazakhstan exceeds 12,86105км2. Through the results of various statistics, it can be establish that Kazakhstan has a wide range of saline soils. Despite the fact that saline soils can become poor soil, it may also endanger biodiversity and human life. This situation may cause great harm to humans and ecology. However, saline soil is a special type of soil on earth and is considered to be a completely irreplaceable Landschaft. Although there are few halophytes species, that are considered as an important part of geobiology and a valuable genetic resource for adapting to the saline-alkali environment. Keywords: saline soils, halophytic plants, resources, flora, biodiversity, fertile land, reclamation, inorganic substances, microorganisms, soil enzymes.

Introduction Due to the rapid population and economic growth, food and resource for are now highly demanded. Requirements for countries and environment are always increasing. As a result, serious environmental issues such as land shortage, biodiversity declination, and land desertification have become major challenges for humanity [1]. To solve highly demand food and resources has been a long-term objective of the whole society and the academic community. For this purpose, scientists have been working in various fields: productivity gains from food production has been greatly improved. One of the big successes in this direction is the use of genetic engineering to grow high-yield crops, and it is gradually showing its potential. The achievements of science and technology are aimed at eliminating food shortages, opening up new sources of energy, resource conservation, and environmental protection. Polluting the environment and the daily growth of negative affects on human health are becoming a serious problem [2].

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Productivity improvements are always limited, and it is difficult to address resource shortages by increasing productivity. Desertification is now one of the main environmental issues, and it has led scientists to interested in land degradation such as saline soil. Today, the development of mining equipment in agricultural systems has become a global problem. This was proven by a large amount of scientific literature around the world. Due to soil reclamation and environmental studies have done at different efficiency levels in different countries, it is necessary to systematize and summarize them. However, in Africa and South America, the number of such documents is limited compared to European countries, Asia and North America. And In many countries that gained independence only after World War II, the land was never studied systematically. Data on this issue is limited. In some countries, large areas of land are deserts, and only about 2-5% of the most fertile land is used for agriculture. For most regions, the amelioration of saline soils is limited to water shortages and less development of the economy [3]. According to current statistics, the total saline soil area on the earth is about 9.5х106км2, equal to the area of China [4]. Saline soils limit the growth of many plants due to their poor physical and chemical properties and causing land degradation become a major serious topic for a long time. However, recent studies have shown that there are halophytes species that can grow in saline soil. At present, more than 2,600 halophytes species are able to grow in saline soil [5]. Natural plants are an important part of the Earth’s biodiversity and a valuable source of genetic resources. They are the basis for improving and utilizing saline soils, maintaining the ecological balance of saline soils, preventing desertification and stabilizing properties of the soils . The Biodiversity of the Earth and its global substance circulation play a vital role, many halophytes considered as high-value resources because of their economic value and their potential. In this context, the biodiversity of saline soil provides humanity with its own special benefits and specific rare classes of halophytic plant species around the globe considered treasures of genes that humans are hard to obtain [6]. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils affect the soil viability, whereas changes in the relevant substances and organisms affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Also,It is a wellknown fact that microbes of soil are an important component of ecosystems. The microbe is a system decomposer, and also a carrier of material cycle and energy exchange., Therefore, it is important to study not only the effects of planting halophyte to saline soil but also the physical and chemical parameters of the soil before and after planting the halophyte and studies on the quantity and magnitude of the microbes in the soil should also be considered [7]. Soil microorganisms and enzymes are active substances in the soil and can directly promote complex physiological and biochemical reactions in the soil.The development of soil ecosystems and the efficient and sustainable use of systemic resources are the basis for energy and material cycles in national systems [8]. Transforming saline soil s into fertile soil by growing halophytes is an important step for resolving the conflict between population growth and resource shortages. Surely, protecting biodiversity, preventing desertification and increasing food production, fundamentally addressing environmental problems that cause resource shortages [9]. The total area of saline soil in Kazakhstan is 111.55 million, which is 41% of the country’s territory. Even in the Kyzylorda region, which had undergone the calamity of the Aral Sea, there are 73,307 thousand hectares of irrigated land are in the dissatisfying condition. Most irrigated land needs to be completely improved. In addition, all of the above factors also have a major impact on the development of animal husbandry [10]. However, lack of water or the inability to obtain water impacts the growth of livestock. At the same time, the productivity of high-quality agricultural products and the development of animal husbandry can lay a good foundation for economic stability in the region and the whole country. Rational use of saline soils and reclamation of empty land are one of the systemic issues in the agrarian sector of Kazakhstan [10]. The Aral Sea region is Kazakhstan’s largest saline soil region and is known for being one of the ecological problems in the world. The future economic development of the region is related to many potential resources such as halophytes species [11]. The catastrophe caused by the desertification in the Aral Sea has negatively effected economy production and ecology. Planting halophyte plants are the basic method for preventing land degradation, which can be a great solution to Aral ecology. 84

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

With the continuous development of the western region, understanding, development, and utilization of Kazakhstan’s halophyte resources are the cornerstone of Kazakhstan’s future economic development and environmental governance. The biodiversity research of halophytes in Kazakhstan also provides basic information for the establishment of a global database of halophyte resources. Therefore, the study of halophytes in Kazakhstan not only promotes the rich natural resources of halophytes but also promotes the development of the Aral Sea region and even the development of the whole Kazakhstan’s regional economic, ecological conditions and social prosperity. These studies also provide a wealth of information about halophytes, and according to the propagation of saline soils around the world, we can conclude saline soil is the widespread soil type [12,13]. Saline soil is also considered as solonetz, it often found in moderate forests, steppes, dry steppes, and deserted steppes. Solonetz soil contains chlorides, sulfates, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and carbonate. In contrast to solonchak soil and solonetz soil, there is no fast-dissolving salt on the surface of solonetz soil. Along with the variety of environmental conditions, the fast-dissolving salt on the soil surface will be wash away from the soil surface and goes to the lower level of the soil. As a result, the sodium cations in the salt are absorbed into the soil. Consequently, If soil is not well loosened and well treated when it dry, it will not let the water goes through, when it is damp it becomes a mud layer. Due to these negative effects of physical properties, the plants here cannot grow and produce. The solonetz (strongly salted) soil is the basis of solonchak (less salted) soils, and it is inefficient to use these soils for agriculture without soil improvement [14]. Accordingly, there are different types of saline soil in the world, its territory is around 9.5х106km2, which spread over more than 100 countries and regions (table 1) [5]. Table 1. Area of saline soil in all continents of the world (км2)

Continent Area

Asia

Australia

North America

South America

Africa

Europe

3 165 070

3 573 300

157 550

1 291 630

805 380

508 040

If the soil that are re-salinized is not considered, there are still approximately 8,4х106км2 of salty soil in the world [4]. Saline soil posses 51% area of 222 countries and regions and in 21 countries saline soil posses more than 10% of the area. The areas with the highest degree of soil salinization are Asia, Africa, South America, and North America. Table 2 lists the countries with the highest amount of saline soils and its area [4]. Table 2. Countries with the highest amount of saline soils and its area

Total Area Percentage area/103 of saline of the Saline км2 soils/103 км2 soil area/% China 9550 750 8 Sri Lanka 65 6 9 Iran 1643 275 17 Qatar 11 2 18 Kenya 582 83 14 Turkmenistan 487 90 19 Botswana 599 72 12 Tunisia 164 18 11 Argentina 2772 516 19 Paraguay 407 173 43 Canada 9893 68 1 Australia 7667 1580 21 Moldova 34 9 27 Former 128 12 9 Yugoslavia

Countries

India Kuwait Iraq Kazakhstan Somalia Uzbekistan Djibouti Egypt Chile Brazil America Hungary Ukraine

Total area/103 км2 3157 24 438 2715 627 446 23 1001 749 128 9344 93 602

Area of saline soils/103 км2 225 2 61 1286 90 109 10 91 83 12 123 23 102

Percentage of the Saline soil area/% 7 8 14 47 14 24 44 9 11 9 1 25 17

Worldwide

134 907

8369

Countries

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

As you can see from the table, 47% of the land area of Kazakhstan is covered by saline soil. Certainly, salinization of the soil is a worldwide resource and environmental problem. The area of salty soil in the world is still rising without considering re-salinized soil saline soils. According to statistics, the total area of Irrigated land in Pakistan is 2.2,333х104км2, and in a few years, the area of saline soil has reached 3,53х103км2. Every year in Syria, approximately 2х102км2 of land is becoming poor soils due to re-salinization. In America, about 8102~ 12х102км2 saline soil is increasing year by year. According to statistical reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), about 50% of global irrigated lands are suffering from various degradation cause by re-salinization of soils. Every year, about 105км2 of land is degrading because of soil re-salinization [15]. From another perspective, the world’s saline soil is concentrated in Africa, Asia, Australia, South America and green areas that in the arid and semi-arid climates, and some economically developed coastal areas. Due to the increase of level of irrigation, the possibilities of re-salinization of the soil is very high. Therefore, the acreage of re-salinized soils in the agricultural irrigation area are increasing. Saline soils are known for the salts and alkaline components of the soils including various solonetz soils and alkaline soils also soil types that affected by other salinity and alkalinity levels [16]. Soil salinization is the evolution of soil that changes the physical and chemical properties of soil by increasing salt ions or accumulating soluble salts on the soil surface which eventually will lead to damage to certain plants. Under normal conditions, groundwater and water on the surface of the soil are in dynamic equilibrium, while groundwater levels and soil ions on the surface are relatively stable. But when the climate is dry, soil evaporation increases, resulting in the lost of capillaries of the soil moisture, and salt properties in the soil move along with the soil moisture to the soli surface. When the water reaches the surface of the soil, evaporation disappears and the salt accumulates on the surface of the soil. This process will be repeated for a long time and when salt on the soil surface reaches a certain concentration, the soil will be salinized [17]. This is the main reason why most saline-alkali soils are mostly spread in dry and semi-dry areas. It is a well-known fact that soil salinization is divided into two types: primary salinization and secondary salinization. The primary salinization is not caused by human activities, but by natural influences, and soil salinization caused by human activities is secondary salinization [18]. Soil salinization is not only a major factor limiting agricultural production development but also an important factor affecting forestry projects (e.g construction of coastal fences.) The biological research conducted abroad shows us the most effective method for improving, developing and utilizing saline-alkali soil. And the biologically modified saline-alkali soil has long-term desalting, stability, and contributes to soil and water conservation In the early 1930s, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Japan, Israel, and Australia started to pay attention to soil salinization and salt-resistant plants [19]. In the 1980s, studies on salt-resistant species have begun in China, and after 20 years of the testing, a plant species named «Eragrostis pilosa» was found and it has been unanimously agreed that can have good performance for improving saline soils. «Eragrostis pilosa» can grow on saline-alkali soil that above 10.0 pH and it plays an important role in altering the saline-alkali soil [20]. According to Van Ping and other researchers, after three years of planting «Eragrostis pilosa» on the alkaline soils, the amount of clay in the soil decreased about 14% compared to the pre-planting [21]. In addition, Ding Hairong and others have found that the Eragrostis pilosa increased the amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus as well as the amount of sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil during the study of salt-resistant physiological mechanisms of the «Eragrostis pilosa». Planting «Eragrostis pilosa» herbaceous plants showed some good effects in the nutrient structure of saline-alkaline soils [22]. In 1991, Rai and other scientists divide three types of salt-resistant Brazilian nitrogen stabilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of saline-alkaline soils. As a result, the scientist concluded that bacteria can increase its salt-resistant ability [23].

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Conclusion According to the UN 2000’s statistics, the amount of saline soil in Kazakhstan exceeds 12,86х105км2. Through the results of various statistics, it can be established that Kazakhstan has a wide range of saline soils. Despite saline soils can become poor soil, it may also endanger biodiversity and human life. This situation may cause great harm to humans and ecology. However, saline soil is a special type of soil on earth and is considered to be a completely irreplaceable Landschaft. Although there are few halophytes species, that are considered as an important part of geobiology and a valuable genetic resource for adapting to the saline-alkali environment. Halophyte plants are not commonly used in the traditional agricultural system, but halophyte, as the science and technology advances, becomes valuable genetic resources, and many halophytes have gradually become the basis of agriculture in saline soils. These studies are important for providing high-quality food, valuable medicines and other products. Therefore, as a result of our analysis and research, it is necessary to carry out research on converting saline soil into fertile land resources.

References 1. Chen Y.H. The effects of forage planting on the improvement of coastal saline soil of the Jiangsu Province / Y.H. Chen, C.L. Zhou // Grass land of China. – 1996. – No. 3. – P. 262-269. 2. Liu D.H. Study on the improvement effects of shelter forest in argillaceous coast on beach soil / D.H. Liu, Z. H. Song, R.J. Li // Chinese. Soil Science. – 1998. – No 29 (6). – P. 245-257. 3. Novikova A.V. (2004). Monografia pod nazvaniem «Nauchnyi doctor, professor, D.G. Tikhonenko» [The monograph entitled «Scientific Doctor, Professor, D.G. Tikhonenko»]. Kharkovskaia HNAU. [in Russian]. 4. Land and Water Development Division，Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Land Resource Potential and Constraints at Regional and Country Levels In: World Soil Resources Reports // 2000, –p. 1~112. 5. Menzel U. Tabulation of halophytes reported as utilized in different publications and handbook. Halophytes uses in different climates / U.Menzel, A.Hamdy, Fl.Leith, H.Leith M.Todorovic, M.Moschenko // Biometerology. Bbackuys, Leiden. 1998. – p. 127–133. 6. Fan.Z. Problems, protection and Improvement of Ecological Environment in Xinjiang / Z.Fan. // Gamhan Dili (Arid LandGeography). – 2008, – No 4. –p. 298-303. 7. Wei. G.F. Microorganisms in the siol / G.F. Wei // Biology Bulletin. – 1995, – 30(2). –p. 5. 8. Zhang Y.B. Variations in microbial number in mud flat soil in south west of west Xiamen Harbour / Y.B. Zhang, W.Q. Wang, T.C. Zhuang // Oceanography in Taiwan Strait. – 2000, – No 19 (1). – p 54-59. 9. Wang Y.H. Application and advances of bioremediation in China / Y.H. Wang, R.S. Fu // Shandong Normal University. – 2003, – No 18 (2). –p 79-84. 10. Рамочная конвенция ООН / ПРООН / ЕЭК ООН по охране окружающей среды региона Аральского моря была разработана для пилотного проекта в 2016 году //. 11. Gulzhaev A.R. (2017). Problema Aralskogo moria i reshenie regionalnyh resursov – effektivnoe ispolzovanie [The Aral Sea problem and the solution of regional resources – effective use].Sbornik materialov .’17: XVII Ezhegodnoi nauchnoi– konferentsii studentov Tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [in Russian]. 238-245. 12. Lysenko T.M. (2007). Galofitnaia rastitelnost Saratovskogo zavolzhia [Halophytic vegetation of the Saratov Volga region]. Aktualnye problemy geobotaniki’07: III Vserossiickaia shkola konferentsiia– 3d All-Russian School Conference. (pp. 3-5). Karalskii nauchnyi center RAN[in Russian].

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

13. SzabolcsI, Journalof Environmental Sciences// Salt Affected Soils in Europe(1985). – Editors:Fink, J. (Ed.), ISBN 978-94-011-8638-4. – 2000, – No 20(2). –p 54-60. 14. Heping.L. Study on basic soil classification formlimited factor index of land resources development / L.Heping, Fan Zi li, Chen Xin jun // Soil Science. – 2000, – No 17(2), –p 28-33. 15. Ruttan V.M. The transition to agricultural sustainability. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA/ V.M. Ruttan. // – 1999, – No 96. – p 5960-5967. 16. Wang Zun qin, Chinese Saline Soil / Science Press Beijing. 1993, –p 760-767. 17. Doran J C. Australian trees and shrubs: species for land rehabilitation and farm planting in the tropics / J.C. Doran, J.W. Turnbull // Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. – 1997. 18. Zhang Jian feng. The basic measures for the saline-alkali land resources and their improvement and utilization in the world/ Zhang Jian feng, Zhang Xu dong // Soil and Water Conservation Research. – 2005, – No 12(6), – p 28-30. 19. Li Ruiyun. Current status and prospects of research on salt tolerance of plants / Li Ruiyun, Lu Chunyang, Ling Lizhang // Utilization of saline-alkali land. – 1989, – No 1, –p 38-41. 20. Li Jingxin. Study on the improvement of alkali plaques by planting Stargrass / Li Jingxin, Ma Yi, Fu Xilin // Chinese Prairie. – 1985, – No 2, –p 53-55 21. Wang Ping. Adaptability of salty grasses in the saline-alkali grassland and physiological tolerance of salt tolerance / Wang Ping, Li Jiandong, Ou Yongling // Journal of Grassland. – 1997, – No 5(2). – p 80-84. 22. Ding Hairong. Research progress on salt-tolerant physiological mechanism and improvement of saline-alkali soil in chinensis / Ding Hairong, Hong Lizhou, Wang Maowen, Yang Zhiqing // Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, – 2007, – No 13 (16), –p 58 – 59. 23. Rai R. Strain -specific salt to lerance and chemotax is of Azosp irillum brasilense and their associative N – fixation with fingermillet in salin ecalcareous soil / R.Rai // Plant and Soil. – 1991, – No 137 (1), –p 55-59.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

INFLUENCE TO CONSTRUCTION OF FREEZING AND CLIMATIC DATA CHANGES OF COLD MONTHS OF NUR-SULTAN DURING 2007-2017 Zhanbolat Shakhmov (zhanbolat8624@mail.ru) PhD, Associate Professor L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The impact of freezing-thawing is highly acting to soil ground of constructions in cold regions. Especially, it is visible and cause to unbalanced uplifting and settling of foundations because of frost heaving, cracks and variable deformations. This paper presents data and results of average minimum temperature. Keywords: climate, freezing, minimum temperature.

Introduction The impact of freezing-thawing is highly acting to soil ground of constructions in cold regions. Especially, it is visible and cause to unbalanced uplifting and settling of foundations because of frost heaving, cracks and variable deformations.

Materials and Methods Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary) [1, p. 542]. Ice growth requires a water supply that delivers water to the freezing front via capillary action in certain soils. The weight of overlying soil restrains vertical growth of the ice and can promote the formation of lens-shaped areas of ice within the soil. Yet the force of one or more growing ice lenses is sufficient to lift a layer of soil, as much as 1 foot (0.30 metres) or more. The soil through which water passes to feed the formation of ice lenses must be sufficiently porous to allow capillary action, yet not so porous as to break capillary continuity. Such soil is referred to as «frost susceptible». The growth of ice lenses continually consumes the rising water at the freezing front. Differential frost heaving can crack road surfaces—contributing to springtime pothole formation—and damage building foundations [2, p. 85]. Especially, the problem with pothole in Kazakhstan is also big issue with frost heaving and thawing problems which could be seen in next figure. Moreover, frozen engineering becaming a wide spreading branch. The climatic conditions of Kazakhstan is too close to frozen engineering. It is illustated data of cliamtic conditions of Akmola region in Kazakhstan. Analysing of the results and illustration like graphs gives more better visual sights.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 1. Frost-thawing problem related hazardous situation in road on Chingiz Aytmatov str. in Nur-Sultan [3, p.51]

As we could see from figures above frost heaving and thawing is the reason of many collapsing of construction, especially in the pavement and road engineering.

Results The most important thing for evaluate freezing process and its influence to soil ground of constructions is climatic data. So, therefore it is presented climatic data by the graph of climatic data from 2007 to 2017. Temperature regimes of the upper part of the Earth are first determined by atmospheric conditions. In particular, the seasonal freezing depth depends on the outdoor temperature and the duration of winter. The freezing index is the sum of the absolute calculated value of the negative temperature at the time:

The unit of the freezing index is usually expressed in degrees Celsius per hour (° C • h) or in degrees Celsius per day (° C • e). The annual freezing index could be found by summarizing the monthly freezing index F ̅.

Figure 2. Climatic data by average month temperature variations of Nur-Sultan from 2007 to 2017

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 3. Climatic data by average month temperature variations of Nur-Sultan from 2007 to 2017

Figure 4. Climatic data by average month temperature variations of Nur-Sultan from 2007 to 2017 [1, p. 55]

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

Figure 5. Climatic data by average month temperature variations of Nur-Sultan from 2007 to 2017 [3, p.97]

The graphs of the above show that 2012 was the coldest year, while 2016 is the warmest year comparing to each other. It is visible, that temperature in winter time is increasing generally especially last 4 years, although the trend is changing to increasing or decreasing each year.

Conclusions This paper give some information about climatic conditions in Nur-Sultan. The important thing which is defined a big variety of average minimum temperature during freezing and cold months. The coldest result is -21 Celcius in January. Generally, graphs shows and prove tendency of global warming influence also in Kazakhstan.

References 1. Teltayev, B. (2008). Non-stationary temperature regime of pavements. In: National Conference for Transportation Geotechnics. Nottingham, United Kingdom, pp. 541-545. 2. Zhussupbekov, A., Shin, E.C., Shakhmov, Zh., Tleulenova, G. Experimental study of model pile foundations in seasonally freezing soil ground, International Journal of Geomate, 15 (51), 2018, pp. 85-90 3. Shakhmov, Zh. (2018). Hazards regarding to freezing-thawing and freezing index. Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Series of Technical Science, 4 (125), pp. 50-54 4. Shakhmov, Zh. (2018). Frost susceptibility of soil ground in construction. Monograph: AkmolaPrint, pp. 50-60.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIONS OF L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Nurlan Temirgaliyev (ntmath10@mail.ru), doctor of physical-mathematical sciences, professor Nurlan Nauryzbayev (nngmath@mail.ru), PhD Aksaule Zhubanysheva (zhubanysheva_azh@enu.kz), PhD L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Abstract The paper is devoted for introducing scientific potential of Institute of theoretical mathematics and scientific computations of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. There are given the themes of two laboratories of the Institute, the list of some selected papers. In addition, there are presented two illustrative results on the problem of numerical differentiation and the theory of oscillations. Keywords: Institute of theoretical mathematics and scientific computations of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, research themes, numerical differentiation, theory of oscillations.

Institute of Theoretical Mathematics and Scientific Computations of L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University (abbreviated IThM&SC) was lunched on April 2009. Institute has 5 laboratories: laboratory of theoretical mathematics, laboratory of scientific computations, laboratory of mathematical educations on bachelor, master and PhD studies, laboratory of research of school educations and laboratory of general problems of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this article the authors gives the information about the research themes, which provides on the laboratories of theoretical mathematics and scientific computations and two illustrative results. Research themes of IThM&SC consists 22 areas and topics: Direction 1. Computational (Numerical) diameter (C(N)D) as the basis for a new understanding of Approximation Theory, Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. Topic 2. Classes (and spaces) of functions, which, according to A.N.Kolmogorov, solves the problem of «There are many of us», that is, «many» to provide publications. Direction 3. Mathematical tools for direct application: algebraic number theory in combination with harmonic analysis in the problems of numerical integration and random number theory. Direction 4. Mathematical tools for direct application: tensor products of functionals combined with harmonic analysis in the problems of numerical analysis, recovery of functions, and discretization of solutions of partial differential equations from the values of the initial and boundary conditions at the points. Direction 5. Irregular distributions and the quasi-Monte Carlo method as, according to K. Roth, promising areas of research in mathematics and computer science of the XXI century with extensive applications. Theme 6. Recovery of functions in the context of C(N)D. Theme 7. Numerical differentiation of functions in the context of C(N)D.

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Topic 8. Discretization of solutions of partial differential equations in the context of C(N)D. Direction 9.Theoretical and probabilistic approach to the problems of Analysis: the construction of probability measures on classes of functions. Theme 10. Probability-theoretic approach to the problems of Analysis: errors of numerical integration methods «on average» with respect to probability measures on classes of functions. Theme 11. Probability-theoretic approach to the problems of Analysis: errors of methods of recovery of functions and discretiration solutions of partial differential equations «on average» with respect to probabilistic measures on classes of functions. Direction 12. The theory of investments and approximations – solved and unsolved problems. Theme 13. Fourier series: conversion of coefficients and summation. Direction 14. Kolmogorov’s prediameter from MirbolatSikhov. Theme 15. The Morrey theory is not like «trivial generalizations by replacing the Lebesgue norm with the Morrey norm». Direction 16. Discrete and fast «algebraic» Fourier transforms. Direction 17. Random number generators in the context of new formulas for discrete «algebraic» Fourier transforms. Generation of Lehmer random numbers with a maximum period according to CoveyMacPherson requirements and their extensive applications. Direction 18. «Geometry of numbers» in the context of algebraic number theory. Direction 19. The Galerkin method and new theoretical developments with subsequent applications in the context of always accompanying vulnerability. Direction 20. C(N)D – analysis of infinitely smooth functions from YericNurmoldin. Theme 21. Radon transform in the context of the Computational (Numerical) Diameter. Theme 22. The theory of oscillations and their application in the context of Tensor products of functionals. All results (except for the last two years) on these themes are mostly published in the articles in journals included in the Web of Science and Scopus databases (in [1-39] are given some selected of them). Let introduce some results on: Theme 7. Numerical differentiation of functions in the context of C(N)D Theme 22. The theory of oscillations and their application in the context of Tensor products of functionals. Numerical differentiation of functions in the context of C(N)D. Statement of the problem Computational (Numerical) diameter. Computational (Numerical) diameter problem (C(N)D) is based on the definition of a computer as a technical device that allows one to study mathematical models that are approximately described by finite sets of numbers (C(N)D statements was given by N. Temirgaliyev, for historical issue the readers refer to, for example, [28, 33, 38]). The starting point in the C(N)D -study is the following definition

where

is a class of functions and Here, a mathematical model is given by the operator , where normalized space defined on and respectively. Numerical information about from class is taken from defined on it linear functionals of volume 94

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

(in general, not necessary linear). An information processing algorithm is a correspondence, which for every fixed as a function of is an element of . The record means that satisfies all the conditions listed above, and is a set composed of all . Further, is a computing aggregate of recovery from accurate information. The accurate values are replaced with a given accuracy by approximate values

Numbers up to the function are prossed using the algorithm which will constitute the constructed according to information omputational aggregate of the precision a given set of complexes

Within the framework of given notations and definitions, the problem of optimal recovery by inaccurate information, framed under the name «Computational (Numerical) diameter», consists in a collective sense in sequential solution of the following three tasks: C(N)D-1, C(N)D-2 and C(N)D-3. (which are throughout fixed in the following context):

With given C(N)D-1: an order , computational aggregates

is found;

– informative power of a set of

C(N)D -2: Theconstructionofaspecificcomputingaggregates orderly

from

, for which the problem of existence and finding a sequences with non-negative components of C(N)D-2 limiting

error (corresponding to optimal computational aggregate

), is investigated such that

with simultaneous satisfying the following expression

C(N)D-3: Establish massiveness of the limiting error

: as a huge as possible set

(usually associated with the structure of the source is found, which are constructed by functionals relation holds

) of computational aggregates

, such that for each of them the following

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

In the Project we consider three concretization of

, in the case of periodic functions

where

trigonometric Fourier-Lebesgue coefficients of function

and

In [33, 35] was considered the concretization of C(N)D-problem: C(N)D-study of the mathematical model by information obtained from accurate and inaccurate values of the trigonometric FourierLebesgue coefficients in the Sobolev classes. The following theorem holds (the definition of the Sobolev space see, for example, on [40]). Theorem A (see [35]). For a given positive integer

such that

the following statements hold

C(N)D-1:

C(N)D-2: For

a value

derivative of a partial sum of the Fourier series

is a limiting error: first,

, and non-negative integers

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

secondly, for any increasing to

positive sequence

the following equation holds

С(N)D-3: Any computational aggregate

, which is built by trigonometric

harmonics, can not have a limiting error more (by Fourier coefficients with an arbitrary spectrum of order) that limiting error : for any increasing to positive sequence the following equation holds

Comments of Theorem A. In C(ND)-1 was obtained the order of approximation of derivative of functions by accurate information. According to C(N)D-2 the partial sums of trigonometric Fourier series with a spectrum of «large» coefficients of a class or an individual function is the best possible computational aggregates among all conceivable which are built by arbitrary linear information. Also, in C(N)D-2 is obtained a limiting error of partial sums of trigonometric Fourier series of C(N)D-3 shows the massifications of limiting error . The theory of oscillations and their application in the context of Tensor products of functionals. Integrals with high oscillation are integrals of form

, (1) where

In connection with numerous applications, including modeling of wave phenomena, fluid dynamics, image analysis, and much more, extensive literature is devoted to the subject of approximate calculation of (1) integral (see, for example, [40-42] and the references therein). Let introduce the result on approximation of integral (1) by computational aggregates, which constructed by using tensor product of functionals. Presented result was obtained by Temirgaliyev, Nauryzbayev and Kudaybergenov (necessary definitions the author can find on [40-43] and bibliography therein): and

Theorem B [43]. Let number of nodes is

. Then for each

thecorrelations are fuifilled (the

)

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

So, above was stated research themes and some illustrative results of Mathematics and Computer Science of IThM&SC. The main requirement for researchers of the institute is to pass the basic knowledge exams according to institute’s author textbooks [44-51] and postgraduate training scheme, preferred by the director of the institute Nurlan Temirgaliyev [52]. Institute of ThM&SC is open for all students and young teachers and scientist from Kazakhstan and foreign countries for scientific collaboration.

References 1. Temirgaliev N. A connection between inclusion theorems and the uniform convergence of multiple Fourier series //Mat.zametki, 1972, P.518-523. 2. Temirgaliev N. Conditions under which hinder derivatives belong to the classesφ (L) //Mat. zametki,1973, Vol. 14, No 4, pp.832-836. 3. Temirgaliev N. The inclusion of certain classes of functions //Mat. zametki, 1976, pp.1026-1030. 4. Temirgaliev N. On embedding classes of function into C([0, 1]m) //IzvestiyaVuz. Matematika 1978, Vol.22, No.8, pp.69-71. 5. Temirgaliev N. On embedding into some Lorentz spaces // IzvestiyaVuz. Matematika 1980, Vol. 24, No.6, pp.101-103. in Lorentz spaces // Sibirskiimatematicheskiizhurna 6. Temirgaliev N. Embeddings of the classes l, Vol.24, No.2, 1983, pp.287-298. 7. Voronin S. M., Temirgaliev N. Application of Banach measure to quadrature formulas //Mat. zametki, 1986, Vol.39, No.1, pp.30-34. 8. Temirgaliev N. On an application of infinitely divisible distributions to qudrature problems // Analysis Mathematica 14, 1988, №3, рр. 253-258. 9. Voronin S.M., Temirgaliev N. Quadrature formulas associated with divisors of the field of Gaussian numbers//Mat. zametki, 1989, Vol.46, No2, pp.597-602. 10. Temirgaliev N. Application of divisor theory to the numerical integration of periodic functions of several variables //Matem. sbornik, 1990, pp. 527-542. 11. Temirgaliev N. Efficiency of Numerical Integration Algorithms Related to Divisor Theory in Cyclotomic Fields //Mat.notes, 1997, Vol. 61, No 2, pp. 242-245. 12. Temirgaliev N. On the Construction of Probability Measures on Functional Classes //Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, 1997, Vol. 218, pp.396-401. and quadrature formulas //Dockland mathematics 2003,vol.68, 13. Temirgaliev N. Classes no.3, pp.414-415. 98

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

14. Azhgaliev Sh., Temirgaliev N. Informativeness of Linear Functionals //Mathematical Notes, Vol. 73, No 6, 2003, pp. 759-768. 15. Bailov E.A., Temirgaliev N. Discretization of the solutions to Poisson's equation //Computational mathematics and mathematical physics, Vol. 46, No. 9, 2006, pp. 1515-1525. 16. Azhgaliev Sh. U., Temirgaliev N. Informativeness of all the Linear Functionals in the recovery of //Mathematical sb., 2007, pp.1535-1551. functions in the classes 17. Bailov E. A., Zhubanysheva A. Zh., Temirgaliev N. General algorithm for the numerical integration of Periodic function of several variables //Dockland Mathematics, 2007, pp. 681-685. 18. IbatulinI., Temirgaliev N. On the informative power of all possible linear functionals for the discretithation of the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in the metric of L2,¥ //Differential equation, vol.44, No.4, 2008, pp. 510-526. 19. Zhubanysheva A. Zh., Temirgaliev N., TemirgalievaZh. N. Application of divisor theory to the construction of tables of optimal coefficients for quadrature formulas //Computational mathematics and mathematical physics, 2009, Vol. 49, No1, pp. 12-22. 20. Temirgaliev N., Kudaibergenov S. S., Shomanova A. A. An application of tensor products of functionals in problems of numerical integration //Izvestiya: Mathematics, 2009, Vol. 73, No 2, pp. 393-434) 21. Nauryzbaev N. Zh., Temirgaliev N. Оn the Order of Discrepancy of the Smolyak Grid //Mathematical Notes, 2009, Vol. 85, No 6, pp. 897-901. 22. Temirgaliev N. Tensor Products of Functionals and Their Application // Docklandy Mathematics, 2010, Vol. 81, No.1, pp. 78-82. 23. Temirgaliev N., Kudaibergenov S. S., Shomanova A. A. Applications of Smolyak quadrature formulas to the numerical integration of Fourier coefficients and in function recovery problems // Russian Mathematics (Iz VUZ). -2010. Vol. 54. No 3. P. 45-62. 24. AbikenovaSh.K.,TemirgalievN. On the sharp order of informativeness of all possible linear functionals in the discretiztion of solutions of the wave equations // Differential Equation, 2010, vol. 46, No 8, pp. 1211-1214. 25. Sikhov M.B., Temirgaliev N. On an algorithm for construction uniformly distribution Korobov grids// Mathematical notes, 2010, vol. 87, No. 6, pp. 916-917. 26. Abikenova Sh. K., Utesov A., Temirgaliev N. On the Discretization of Solutions of the Wave Equation with Initial Conditions from Generalized Sobolev Classes // Mathematical Notes, 2012, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 121-125. 27. Nauryzbayev N., Temirgaliyev N. An Exact Order of Discrepancy of the Smolyak Grid and Some General Conclusions in the Theory of Numerical Integration // Found Comput Math (2012) 12:139-172. 28. Temirgaliev N., Sherniyazov K. E., Berikhanova M. E. Exact Orders of Computational Cross-Sections in Problems of Reconstructing Functions and Sampling Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation from Fourier Coefficients // Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics (Supplementary issues), 2013, 282, suppl. 1, 165-191. 29. Temirgaliev N., Abikenova Sh. K., Zhubanysheva A. Zh., Taugynbaeva G. E.. Discretization of Solutions to a Wave Equation, Numerical Differentiation, and Function Recovery with the Help of Computer (Computing) Diameter // Russian Mathematics (Iz. VUZ), 2013, Vol. 57, No. 8, pp. 75-80. 30. Bailov E.A., Sikhov M.B., Temirgaliev N. General Algorithm for the Numerical Integration of Functions of Several Variables // published in Zhurnal Vychislitel’noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki, 2014, Vol. 54, No. 7. 31. Temirgaliev N.,ZhainibekovaM.A., Dzhumakaeva G.T. Criteria for embedding of classes of Morrey type // Russian Mathematics , 2015, V. 59, Issue 5, pp 69-73. 32. Temirgaliev N., Nauryzbayev N.Zh., Shomanova A.A. Approximative capabilities of «Smolyak type» computational aggregates with Dirichlet, Fejér and Valleé-Poussin kernels in the scale of Ul’yanov classes // Russian Mathematics , 2015, Volume 59, Issue 7, pp 67-72. 33. Temirgaliev N., Zhubanisheva A. Zh. Informative Cardinality of Trigonometric Fourier Coefficients and Their Limiting Error in the Discretization of a Differentiation Operator in Multidimensional 99

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute • The Kingdom of Belgium

Sobolev Classes // Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 1432–1443. 34. Temirgaliev N., Temirgalievа Zh. N. «Geometry of Numbers»in a Context of Algebraic Theory of Numbers// Russian Mathematics , 2016, Volume 60, No. 10, pp. 77–81. 35. Temirgaliev N., Zhainibekova M.A., Dzhumakaeva G.T. A criterion for embedding of anisotropic Sobolev–Morrey spaces into the space of uniformly continuous functions// Siberian Mathematical Journal, 2016, Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 905–917. 36. Temirgaliev N., Zhubanisheva A. Zh. Order Estimates of the Norms of Derivatives of Functions with Zero Valueson Linear Functionals and Their Applications// Russian Mathematics. -2017. Vol. 61. No 3. Р. 77–82. 37. Temirgaliev N. , N. Zh. Nauryzvaev, A. A. Shomanov On Some Special Effects in Theory on Numerical Integration and Functions Recovery, Russian Mathematics. -2018. Vol. 62. No 3. P. 84– 88. 38. Temirgaliyev N., Zhubanisheva A. Zh. Computational (Numerical) Diameter in a Context of General Theory of a Recovery// Russian Mathematics, 2019, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 79–85. 39. Temirgaliyev N. Komp’juternyj (vychislitel’nyj) poperechnik. Algebraicheskaja teorija chisel i garmonicheskij analiz v zadachah vosstanovlenija (metod Kvazi-Monte Karlo). Teorija vlozhenij i priblizhenij. Rjady Fur’e[Computational (Numerical) diameter. Algebraic number theory and harmonic analysis in recovery problems (Quasi-Monte Carlo method). The theory of embeddings and approximations. Fourier series. ], Vest. ENU im. L. N. Gumileva. Spec. vypusk, posvjashhennyj nauchnym dostizhenijam matematikov ENU im. L. N. Gumilyova [Bulletin of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Special issue devoted to the scientific achievements of mathematicians L. N. Gumilev ENU]. -2010. P. 1-194. 40. Deano A., Huybrehs D., Iserles A. Computing Highly Oscillatory Integrals. – Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Appl. Math., 2017. 41. Iserles A. On the Numerical Quadrature of Highly-oscillatory Integrals I: Fourier Transforms IMAJ. Num. Anal. (3), 2004. -P. 365-391. 42. Iserles, A. On the Numerial Quadrature of Highly-osillatory Integrals, II: Irregular Oscillators, IMA J. Num. Anal. (1), 2005. –P. 25-44. 43. Темиргалиев Н., Кудайбергенов С.С., Наурызбаев Н.Ж. Порядково точное вычисление интегралов от произведений функций методом тензорных произведений функционалов// Изв. ВУЗов. Математика. -2019.– №11. -C.1-6. 44. Temirgaliyev N. Matematikalykanaliz. Tom 1 [Mathematical analysis. Vol 1] (Mektep, Almaty, 1987, 288 p.). [inKazakh] 45. Temirgaliyev N. Matematikalykanaliz. Tom 1 [Mathematical analysis. Vol 2] (Ana-tili, Almaty, 1991, 400 p.). [inKazakh] 46. Temirgaliyev N. Matematikalykanaliz. Tom 3 [Mathematical analysis. Vol 3] (Bilim, Almaty, 1997, 432 p.). [inKazakh] 47. Temirgaliyev N. Matematikalykanaliz (ondelgenzhanetolyktyrylganekinshibasylym)[Mathematical analysis(revised and enlarged second edition)], 2018, 1600 p. 48. Temirgaliyev N. Dejstvietl’nyjanaliz: mera i integral Lebega [Real analysis: Lebesgue measure and integral].Jelektronnoeizdanie. ITMiNV. [Electronic edition. IThM&SC], Astana, 2012. 49. Temirgaliyev N. Teorijaverojatnostej [Probability theory], Jelektronnoeizdanie. ITMiNV. [Electronic edition.IThM&SC], Astana, 2012. 50. Temirgaliyev N., Aubakir B., Bailov Y., Potapov K. , Sherniyazov K. Algebra zhaneanalizbastamalary [Algebraand the beginning of the analysis], X-XI classes, (Zhazushy, Almaty, 2002, 382 p.). 51. Temirgaliyev N., Aubakir B., BailovY., Potapov K., Sherniyazov K. Algebra zhaneanalizbastamalary [Algebraand the beginning of the analysis], X-XI classes, (Zhazushy, Almaty, 2002, 423 p.). 52. Temirgaliyev N. Postgraduate training scheme of Institute of theoretical mathematics and scientific computations of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University [Electronic edition], Astana, 1998.

100

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute โ ข The Kingdom of Belgium

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

Representative office in Brussels:

Satpayev str., 2 010008 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Modern Education and Research Institute Square de Meeรปs 38-40, 1000 Brussels, Belgium +32488866865

www.enu.kz online@moderneducationinstitute.com http://moderneducationinstitute.com

Gulnara Merzadinova Vice-Rector for Research Work Study-administrative campus, office 201 Phone: +7-7172-709-500, ext. 31209 E-mail: merzadinova_gt@enu.kz

Akbota Zholdasbekova Vice-Rector for International Cooperation and Innovations Study-administrative campus, office 243 Phone: +7-7172-709-473, ext. 31237 E-mail: zholdasbekova_an@enu.kz

101

scientific journal of the modern education & research institute â&#x20AC;˘ The Kingdom of Belgium

102