DPA_20_12

December 2020 The Engineer’s guide to new products & design ideas

A medical miracle: 3D printing saves spine 06: Robotics

32: Bearings

Pharmaceutical automation: Send in the robots

Perfect fit: Raising the standard of bearing mounting

Contents

December 2020 The Engineer’s guide to new products & design ideas

Paige’s Page: 04: Editor’s comment Online hub to help inspire tomorrow’s engineers

Medical & Pharmaceutical Supplement:

A medical miracle: 3D printing saves spine 06: Robotics

32: Bearings

Pharmaceutical automation: Send in the robots

Perfect fit: raising the standard of bearing mounting

Cover Story:

201016_9-6_Mill_DPA_UK_Snipe.indd 1

06: Robotics

10/14/20 3:22 PM

Newcastle Hospital used a 3D-printed anatomical model to simulate an operation, improving the patient experience and saving £8000 in costs. p.10 (Cover image: Formlabs)

Group Editor: Paige West paige.west@imlgroup.co.uk Assistant Editor: Sophia Bell sophia.bell@imlgroup.co.uk Publisher: Andrew Quenault andrew.quenault@imlgroup.co.uk

Pharmaceutical automation: Send in the robots

08: DC motors

Simplifying surgical power tool design

10: 3D printing

12: RF connector

Quick-disconnect connector for a cochlear implant

14: Medical power supplies

Balancing thermal design with safety regulations

Drives & Motion Control Special Report:

Production: Holly Reed holly.reed@imlgroup.co.uk

16: CNC upgrade programme

Design: Graham Rich Design www.grahamrichdesign.co.uk

18: Commander drives

Head Office: IML Group, Blair House, 184/186 High Street, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1BQ Tel: 01732 359990 E-mail: dpa@imlgroup.co.uk DPA ISSN 0965-4747 Copyright in the contents of Design Products & Applications, its websites and newsletters is the property of the publisher. The publisher and the sponsors of this magazine are not responsible for the results of any actions or omissions taken on the basis of information in this publication. In particular, no liability can be accepted in result of any claim based on or in relation to material provided for inclusion.

Design Products & Applications is a controlled circulation journal, published monthly. Completed print or online registration forms will be considered for free supply of printed issues, website access and online services. Annual subscription for non-qualifying readers is UK £121, EU £215.25, Airmail £315 and single copy price is £18.60 monthly.

06

3D-printed anatomical models increase patient care

CNC upgrade programme provides major productivity advantage

Commander improves customer experience at London bowling alley

20: Digital twins The role of drives and condition monitoring in digital twins

Enclosures & Panel Products

32

Special Report: 23: Outdoor enclosures Keep electronic projects secure & weatherproof with the right enclosures

26: IT cooling Look beyond the norm for true innovation

28: Easy-assembly enclosures

At last, an enclosure designed to reduce assembly time

Bearings, Belts & Chains Technology Focus: 30: Bearings in extreme environments

10,000 Average net circulation Jan-Dec 2018

Reliable bearing designs for extreme environments

32: Bearing mounting Perfect fit: Raising the standard of bearing mounting

Circulation Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990 Email: subscriptions@imlgroup.co.uk

34: Winding belts

Seamless winding belts produce paper straws

34 dpaonthenet.net 3

Paige’s Page

Online hub to help inspire tomorrow’s engineers

T Paige West, Group Editor

omorrow’s Engineers Week, which took place last month, has announced a new online hub to provide information and guidance to those organisations supporting young people and inspiring them to pursue engineering careers.

crease the diversity and number of young

advice about how to become an engineer

people entering engineering.

in the future.

Signatories to the Code make four pledg-

Dr Hilary Leevers, Chief Executive of En-

es about their approach to funding, de-

gineeringUK, commented: “We would

signing, delivering, and learning from en-

like to thank the thousands of schools,

gineering-inspiration activities.

employers and professional engineering institutions that have come together to

The announcement comes after con-

make Tomorrow’s Engineers Week a huge

cerns were raised that, since March

success.

2020, over three quarters (76 percent) of 11-19-year olds have not accessed for-

“Let’s build on this week of collective ac-

mal careers activities.

tivity to ensure that all young people get the support they need to be inspired by

A new report on STEM education, the

and understand more about the thou-

Engineering UK 2020 Educational

sands of future engineering roles availa-

The new online resource will provide

Pathways into Engineering report,

ble in infrastructure, decarbonisation and

free advice and guidance, sourced from

indicated that progress has been made –

maintenance projects to upgrade our hos-

across the engineering community, to

there has been increased take-up of some

pitals, schools and road network, make

support practitioners in providing young

GCSE and A-level subjects that can lead

public buildings greener and help the UK

people with engineering careers inspira-

to engineering careers, such as biology,

achieve its aspirations of achieving Net

tion.

chemistry, physics, and computer sci-

Zero by 2050.

ence, while technical education reforms The site will cover a range of topics, from

are also enabling students to be more

“With the framework provided by the To-

suggestions on how to ensure an inclusive

prepared for the world of work. However,

morrow’s Engineers Code and the informa-

approach and develop engaging outreach

young people’s knowledge of engineering

tion and guidance shortly available via the

activities to ways to survey young people.

across all education stages still needs to

online hub, the engineering community will

be improved with just 42 percent of boys

be in a great position to achieve the collec-

The hub is also expected to provide sup-

and 31 percent of girls saying they know

tive impact needed to see an increase in

port to signatories and supporters of the

what they need to do next to become an

the number and diversity of young people

new Tomorrow’s Engineers Code which

engineer. There is also an acute shortage

entering engineering careers.”

was launched in October and is now man-

of STEM subject teachers in both second-

aged by EngineeringUK.

ary and further education.

The Code is a new approach to engage-

Tomorrow’s Engineers Week saw en-

ment, with professional engineering in-

gineering institutions, employers and

Do let us know what you think of the is-

stitutions, FTSE 100 corporates, SMEs,

schools come together to deliver inspiring

sue and if there are any specific topics you

government departments and universities

activities to show young people the vital

think we should be covering. Email me at

working towards common goals to in-

importance of engineering careers and

paige.west@imlgroup.co.uk

For more information, visit www.tomorrowsengineers.org.uk/teweek

4 dpaonthenet.net

Connect with us on LinkedIn. Join us on Twitter.

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Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical

Pharmaceutical automation: Send in the robots

R

ecent years have seen the development of digital pills – tablets that combine traditional medicine with sensors that monitor the body after ingestion. This is just one example of how digitalisation is advancing pharmaceuticals. Here, Dave Walsha, Commercial Development Officer at Electrical Mechanical Systems (EMS), explores other areas in which digital automation is revolutionising pharmaceutical production.

Advancing pharmaceutical development

Robots can consistently and quickly dis-

and manufacturing facilities with auto-

pense multiple pipettes, improving the

mated systems will ensure the industry

odds and increasing the speed of drug

can continue to develop new medicines,

discovery.

increase production and bring relief to patients.

Exceptional accuracy Fortunately, robots’ speed does not com-

Super speed

promise their accuracy. Pharmaceutical

Automation boosts efficiency in many ar-

producers understand the delicate nature

eas of pharmaceutical production. In fact,

of their work; they must produce high pu-

The University of Liverpool has developed a

rity chemical compounds that save lives.

robot chemist that can perform a thousand

For this reason, pharmaceutical produc-

times faster than a human lab assistant.

tion has some of the strictest regulations in industry.

As well as a faster work rate, robots don’t tire or require breaks and sick days, mean-

Where a slight deviation in measurements

ing they can work for 24 hours a day. They

could turn a dose from safe to deadly, ro-

can perform a variety of tasks, from plac-

bots are one way of maintaining high levels

How often do we think about how our

ing dispenser caps on bottled medications

of precision and safety on the production

medicines are produced? We’ve perhaps

to filling syringes.

line. As they are programmed to perform

become complacent with our pharmaceu-

specific movements, robots can conduct

ticals, forgetting that just 100 years ago,

Robots can also transform biopharmaceu-

the same task repeatedly, ensuring con-

many ailments that are now easily treated

tical research. In the past, drug discovery

sistency between batches.

were fatal.

revolved around sheer luck – matching the right molecule to the right target after hun-

Cartesian coordinate robots are simple ro-

With a 2016 NHS survey finding that 48

dreds of thousands of tests. Automation

bots that work along three principal axes,

percent of adults take at least one pre-

takes luck out of the equation by enabling

each at a right angle to each other. This

scribed medicine every week, it’s safe to

high throughput screening of potential

arrangement allows for easy program-

say pharmaceuticals are a vital compo-

new medicines, against a compound li-

ming, while the simple structure reduces

nent of our healthcare system.

brary of millions of compounds.

the number of parts, improving reliability.

6 dpaonthenet.net

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical Tasks for Cartesian robots include pick-

In the future, the digital sophistication of

These motors can be combined with

and-place roles, but can also include print-

automated robots may be more widely

the FAULHABER series IEF3-4096 en-

ing, which comes into play in the contract

used to evaluate patient DNA and mo-

coder, which adds just 6.2mm to the

manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.

lecular data to produce personalised

motor length, to deliver precise speed

medicines that take into account the pa-

control from 200-10,000 revolutions per

Robots’ precision and repeatability also

tient’s genetic druggability – the ability of

minute in the compact spaces of phar-

make them beneficial in pharmaceutical re-

a portion of a genome to be targeted by

maceutical robots.

search. Robots can complete the more re-

a drug – and predict the chemical activity

petitive tasks of drug development that don’t

of the drug.

With the majority of the UK population

require creative thought, leaving researchers

regularly using prescription medica-

Masterful motors

tions, we must keep pharmaceutical

For pharmaceutical robots to perform

production and development up to

For example, robots have been developed

with increased speed and accuracy, de-

speed. Automated pharmaceutical ro-

that can rapidly transfer sample tubes

sign engineers must choose high-quality

bots can perform tasks with extreme

into a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

motors. Motors power the movements of

consistency, accuracy and speed, and

spectrometer, which is used to detect the

the robots, from picking up samples to

their digital capabilities allow increased

molecular structure of a sample. This can

screwing on lids.

process flexibility and a clear record,

to focus on more worthwhile tasks.

be used to screen potential drugs to see

which helps to bring patients relief

if they can bind to the druggable target in

EMS is the sole UK supplier of FAUL-

the body.

HABER motors, which provide a combination of high power and precision. In

Digital perks

particular, the FAULHABER BXT flat outer

Robots can also collect data to optimise

rotor motor range features compact mo-

manufacturing production. For example,

tors with high torque.

quickly and safely. https://www.ems-limited.co.uk/

the data can be used to identify bottleneck areas where products arrive too quickly for

About the author: Dave Walsha is Commercial Development Officer for Electro Mechanical Systems (EMS).

After graduating from university with a bachelor’s degree in engineering, Dave joined EMS as a sales engineer. His career has since progressed, being promoted to his current position of Commerical Development Officer in April 2015. Currently, Dave uses his wealth of experience with precision mechatronics to specify and deliver drive systems for the most demanding customer applications.

the workflow to handle, causing congestion and lowered efficiency.

The data collected by robots can also be used to ensure the safety of medications.

The digital system can continuously monitor and adjust conditions, such as temperature and pH, to remain within safe boundaries. This is important, as a change in conditions can cause a medicine to lose its potency, or even become harmful.

With all equipment digitalised and connected, facility managers can easily change the commands in the control system to manufacture a different product or alter production volumes to accommodate varying demand.

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Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical

Simplifying surgical power tool design with autoclavable brushless DC motors E

lectric motors have brought many advantages to powered hand tools.

However, there are various approaches for design engineers to consider when selecting a motor for surgical instruments. Jamie Gewirtz, R&D Manager for surgical motors at Portescap, looks at some of the design challenges and discusses considerations for the selection of the most appropriate electric motor.

Portescap has a full product line selection with motor and planetary gearhead diameters ranging from 12.7mm to 38.1mm

With manufacturers of powered surgical

humidity, temperature and pressure for

of after surgery. These can use an inex-

tools having now switched, almost uni-

several minutes in order to render the

pensive DC motor and plastic compo-

versally, from pneumatic to electric op-

instrument sterile. Most autoclaves also

nents. However, any initial cost advan-

eration, selecting the most appropriate

have additional vacuum cycles to facili-

tage can soon be negated, particularly

electric motor has become a key design

tate steam penetration and kill bacteria,

for surgeries that are performed multiple

consideration. The likes of arthroscopic

viruses, fungi, and spores that can hide

times a day. Further, hospitals are be-

shavers, sagittal saws, oscillating saws,

inside the tool.

coming more proactive with green initi-

orthopaedic drills, medium- and high-

atives, and are looking, in particular, to

speed drills, wire drivers and surgical

This repeated exposure to autoclave

staplers all make stringent requirements

conditions is what gives manufacturers

on the motor, but beyond that, there is

of powered surgical instruments the

Another approach is to use standard DC

also a need to consider sterilisation re-

most problems when it comes to electri-

motors attached to a non-autoclavable

quirements.

fication of the tools. So, what options are

electronics and battery package. This

available to the designers of such tools?

requires surgical staff to remove the

The most common sterilisation method

reduce levels of hazardous waste.

motor/battery pack prior to tool sterili-

used in hospitals is autoclaving, also

With the sterilisation process so de-

sation. The concern here, though, is that

called steam sterilisation. Here, surgical

manding, one approach is to design sin-

these non-sterile components must be

hand tools are exposed to high levels of

gle-use tools that are simply disposed

placed back into a sterile surgical tool

8 dpaonthenet.net

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical and special processes have to be fol-

Autoclavable motors

diameters ranging for from 12.7mm to

lowed by medical staff, opening up the

Given these issues, the ideal solution

38.1mm.

potential for user error. A second issue

would be to use a DC motor that can

is that surgical staff may forget to re-

survive the autoclave sterilisation pro-

More and more surgical tool manufac-

move the non-autoclavable compo-

cess by design, eliminating the need

turers are coming to see the benefits of

nents prior to sterilisation; submitting

to remove it from the tool, or for redun-

autoclavable brushless motor technol-

this to autoclave processes will inevita-

dant sealing systems. This would keep

ogy. Combining superior performance

bly result in premature electrical failure.

the sterilisation process as simple as

and best-in-class power density with

possible, while also reducing the size

the inherent capability to survive auto-

of the tool.

clave sterilisation processes, these mo-

Another approach is to use a regular DC motor permanently attached to the

tors help to guarantee safety in surgical

tool and try to seal it from the outside

Portescap supplies autoclavable mo-

processes while ultimately reducing

environment. However, in most cases,

tors for powered surgical hand tools.

total cost of ownership.

this results in very bulky designs due

Tests have demonstrated that these

to the sealing redundancy needed to

motors are able to survive more than

For more information, visit

achieve satisfactory performance.

1,000 sterilisation cycles, which often

www.portescap.com.

far exceed the expected life of the surWe can see, then, that motor selection

gical hand tool itself.

has a direct impact on the effectiveness of sterilisation, as well as on tool relia-

In addition, Portescap offers complete

bility and servicing cost. While it might

motor customisation that is tailored

be tempting to select an inexpensive

around the needs of surgical hand tool

non-autoclavable motor, it may result

manufacturers. There are options for

in a more expensive end product when

custom shaft cannulation, cross holes,

additional costs are taken into consid-

gear ratios, windings, pin connections

eration. The motor selection will also

and temperature optimisation. Portes-

have a direct impact on the tool’s reli-

cap has a full product line selection

ability and servicing cost.

with motor and planetary gearhead

Arthroscopic shavers have stringent requirements on the motor that is used, but beyond that, there is also the need to consider sterilisation requirements

M8 12 contacts

Cable & panel mount connectors

IP67

PUR-/PVC cable

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Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical

3D-printed anatomical models

increase patient care and reduce operation costs S

pinal surgery is highly complex. Therefore, surgeons often practise these operations on models. In a complicated case of a severely deformed spine, Newcastle Hospital used a 3D-printed anatomical model to simulate the operation, improving the patient experience and saving £8000 in costs associated with the surgery.

Planning procedures in detail to avoid complications To ensure optimal preparation, surgeons use custom-built anatomical models, allowing them to practise the exact procedure beforehand. These anatomical models are often used in patient communication and consultation to show and explain to patients what their med-

Back pain is a very common problem

patient’s individual pathology. They of-

ical conditions are and what their surgi-

in the UK. Many people suffer from

ten require a unique approach, custom

cal procedures will involve. With the help

spinal issues at some point in their

to each patient’s needs. Spinal surgery,

of a lifelike model, physicians are able to

lives. Causes range from fractures and

in particular, is often highly complex. As

address any potential risks before oper-

curvature of the spine to – in the worst

a result, the global demand for medical

ating. This is particularly important when

cases – degenerative diseases or spi-

applications which allow for customised

surgery is associated with high risks,

nal tumours. Diagnosis and treatment

treatments is growing.

such as paralysis. Another advantage

of such injuries strongly depend on the

10 dpaonthenet.net

of anatomical models is the massive re-

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical duction of the operation time and costs,

shortening osteotomy, taking into ac-

team during the surgery. Detailed and

as doctors can conduct a precise simu-

count any individual risks. If successful,

accurate patient-specific models pro-

lation prior to the surgery.

this complex procedure would allow the

vide both better safety for the patient

spinal cord tension to be reduced with-

and additional available operating time.

However, using conventional methods

out direct nerve damage. Furthermore,

to produce such precise, lifelike and pa-

the team gained insights into which

tient-specific anatomical models is usu-

stems could be used when inserting the

Creating capacities and using new opportunities

ally very time-consuming. It often takes

screws and how best to proceed during

To meet the growing demand for pa-

several weeks to outsource the produc-

the operation. In addition, the surgery

tient-specific 3D-printing models, New-

tion of a model. That is a very long time

could be planned much more precise-

castle Hospital, Axial3D and Formlabs

for patients, who are often suffering from

ly, and patient-specific differences and

are currently working on an on-site

severe pain. In addition, these models

peculiarities could be better taken into

3D-printing facility. The goal is to provide

often depict the entire MRT- or CT-Scan,

account.

hospital staff with 24/7 access to the

and not just the area required for treat-

technology to facilitate internal consul-

ment. This, in turn, leads to additional

The 3D-printed model also helped the

tation and consent meetings, and com-

use of material, higher costs and later

clinic team to inform the patient and

plex, highly customised procedures.

requires more time for analysis.

his family about the procedure more comprehensively prior to the operation.

3D printing has become an important

From scan to finished model in a few hours

Possible risks could be better explained,

part of surgical planning for complex

and expectations could be kept more

spinal procedures. The benefits of pa-

Thanks to modern 3D-printing technol-

realistic. Through a complete surgical

tient-specific anatomy models will con-

ogy, it is now possible to build these

simulation, the team was able to reduce

tinue to play a major role in medical

customised anatomical models within

the operating time for the complicated

technology and in the pre-planning of

a few hours and at a much lower cost.

surgical procedure by more than two

complex procedures. They also offer

As a result, more patients can enjoy

hours. In this way, the team was able to

great potential for other treatment areas,

the benefits of customised treatment

save approximately £8,000 in costs as-

such as traumatology.

approaches, reduced operating times,

sociated with the surgery. The approach

waiting times and risks for much-need-

helped to limit blood loss and facilitated

ed, complex procedures.

communication between the surgical

https://formlabs.com/uk/

About the author: Stefan Holländer is Managing Director EMEA at Formlabs.

He has more than 20 years of management experience, most recently as Senior Vice President of Partner Management at T-Systems International.

There, he worked on building a strategic partner ecosystem for Deutsche Telekom’s digital business.

With positions at Hewlett-Packard, SONY, Microsoft and T-Systems, Holländer has a knack for general and product management, marketing, sales and leadership. He studied technical business administration at The University of Stuttgart.

One example of the exact use and possibilities of such models is Newcastle Hospital, which specialises in spinal treatment. The hospital team treated a patient who suffered from a neural tube malformation in the form of a spina bifida with a highly curved deformation.

The deformity was characterised by excessive outward curvature of the spine, resulting in an abnormal curvature of the upper back. Due to the increasing deformity and problems with sitting and sleeping, the patient suffered severe pain every day.

Working with the 3D-printing company Formlabs, the imaging experts at Axial3D were able to create, print and deliver a true-to-scale model of the patient’s spine based on his CT and MRI data – in just 48 hours. Unlike conventionally produced models, the model only depicted the relevant part of the scan.

Acting quickly and precisely when it matters The 3D-printed model allowed the team quickly to assess the possibility of a

dpaonthenet.net 11

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical

Quick-disconnect connector for a cochlear implant – a custom design with life-enhancing benefits A

cochlear implant, often referred to as a bionic ear, is a surgically implanted device that enables a severely deaf person to hear again.

The external transmitter, where a connector is required, transmits RF signals through to the implant via a magnetic connection to reduce the possibility of patient infection. The transmitter processes the RF signals from the microphones through a speech processor and then into the internal implant which connects to the cochlear – allowing the person to “hear” the sound.

After suffering failures of standard connectors, a major manufacturer of cochlear implant technology approached In-

Enclosures from the smallest to the largest.

ENCLOSURES

POWER DISTRIBUTION

CLIMATE CONTROL

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical telliconnect with a request to develop a

push/pull connection (rather than a

• The operating frequency range of

quick-disconnect connector that would

coupling nut) – were required to allow

DC to 6GHz enables all transmitted

be suitable for use in such a medical sys-

ease of use and performance under se-

signals to be fully processed without

tem application.

vere environmental conditions.

any subsequent signal degradation.

• An insulation resistance of 5Mohm

The proposed connector was to be in

The design was based around a modi-

allows for any moisture or humidity

the external transmitting/processing

fied MCX connector, with a waterproof

to be present without compromising

part of the device and needed to be

rating of IP68 in the unmated condition.

the safety or performance of the de-

extremely rugged and reliable.

This is the equivalent of 10m immersion

vice.

in water, tested for a minimum period

• The voltage rating 335V RMS gives a

Latest estimates of the number of

of four hours. In fact, the connector has

large engineering safety factor within

people fitted with implants are close

been tested to far beyond this level –

to 200,000, with the reliability of all

60m without leaking – thus ensuring a

components expected to be more than

safety factor of six.

99.5 percent. High reliability, fast turn-

the connector design.

• VSWR 1.3 allows for the signals to be processed without any degradation or deterioration and produces

around, custom designs, and excep-

The application required several thou-

tional customer service were among

sand disconnects during the product

the reasons that led the customer to

lifecycle. This meant a development

To allow for the external components

approach Intelliconnect to create this

programme needed to be undertak-

to be regularly serviced, the connector

new connector.

en to ensure the latching mechanism,

needed to be capable of up to 3000

spring forces, and engagement and

mating cycles. This was achieved by

The custom-designed connector had

separation forces were consistent and

fine-tuning the connector forces to an

to be waterproof, as the connectors

qualified for the specified number of

engagement force of 2.5lbs maximum

were used close to the skin. It had to be

mating and unmating cycles. This was

and 1.5lbs minimum, and a disengage-

used in normal domestic environments,

finally tested to 3000 cycles, and the

ment force of 3.0lbs maximum and

such as swimming pools, showers and

performance of the connector was ver-

2.0lbs minimum.

baths, as well as high-humidity en-

ified to be within the specified limit after

vironments, such as saunas, steam

the full lifecycle testing.

rooms, etc. The design had to be small

the best possible signal clarity.

About the author: Roy Phillips, Managing Director of Intelliconnect (Europe) has been involved in the RF interconnect industry for over 35 years with various companies, including Greenpar, Radiall and Midwest Microwave. He founded Intelliconnect (Europe) Ltd in 2003 and Intelliconnect USA Llc in 2005.

The successful design is now in volume production, improving the quality of life

enough to fit into the transmitter equip-

Other requirements that were subject-

for both adults and children. In the case

ment, but still rugged enough to allow

ed to full qualification test programmes

of children, in particular, it allows for

for a push/pull connection style to be

included:

normal schooling and participation in

incorporated.

• A very wide-ranging temperature en-

the hearing world – all thanks to a min-

velope, defined as being from -65°C The brief required a new design to be

to +165°C, to ensure full operation

initiated, as two important features

with a significant safety margin (to

– namely, waterproof integrity and a

increase reliability).

IT INFRASTRUCTURE

iature waterproof RF connector! https://intelliconnect.co.uk/

SOFTWARE & SERVICES www.rittal.co.uk

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical

The LOF Series of open frame, AC-DC power supplies from Mornsun is available from Relec Electronics

Medical power supplies: Balancing thermal design with safety regulations T

he LOF series of AC-DC power supplies from Mornsun is designed to meet multiple regulatory standards, increase system reliability through sound thermal design – with short lead times and cost-sensitive pricing.

packages and are designed for reliable operation. In addition to meeting the latest regulatory standards, the thermal design ensures safe, reliable operation in safety-critical applications.

For medium- and high-power AC-DC

competitive projects, reliable delivery

The LOF120, LOF225 and LOF350

power design, engineers have to con-

and short lead times are also high on

models offer up to 95 percent efficien-

sider several factors, including the ther-

the list of considerations that need to

cy – in compact form factors (from as

mal design, safety regulations, space

be evaluated at the start of the design.

little as 101 x 50.0 x 25mm or 4.0” x

envelope and system reliability. In addi-

2.0” x 1.0”) – yet deliver output power

tion, the nature of many design projects

There are three open-frame AC-DC

up to 1.7W/cm3. Operating temperature

means that cost also needs to be con-

converters in the LOF Series. The very

range is -40°C to +85°C, making them

sidered, together with size, as space is

high power density 120 to 350W AC-DC

suitable for indoor and outdoor use.

frequently limited in today’s designs. In

power supplies are in industry-standard

14 dpaonthenet.net

Supplement: Medical & pharmaceutical Multiple regulations The LOF Series AC-DC converters from Mornsun are approved to EN60601 for medical equipment. The primary and secondary sides of the power supplies meet the reinforced insulation with 2xMOPP

• EN61000-4-3 – Radiated susceptibility to 10V/m • EN61000-4-4 – Electrical Fast Transients to ±4kV • EN61000-4-5 – Surge to ±2kV (L-L) ±4kV (L-E)

(Means of Patient Protection) and an iso-

• EN61000-4-6 – Conducted

lation voltage is up to 4000VAC. The leak-

susceptibility to 10V rms

age current is as little as 0.1mA, making

• EN61000-4-11 – Dips and

the LOF Series suitable for patient con-

interruptions 0 percent, 70 percent.

tact and patient assistance equipment.

Thermal design The selection of components and use of topologies result in power supplies that demonstrate good ripple and dynamic performance. Minimising local temperature hotspots improves system reliability to increase the lifetime of the AC-DC About the author:

converters.

The LOF Series can be used in Class I (with protective earth (PE) connection) or

Each AC-DC converter series has out-

Class II (no PE), which is suitable for in-

In addition, the open-frame power supplies

puts ranging from 12V to 48V, together

dustrial, office and home environments.

are approved to EN62368 for audio, video,

with a universal AC input of 85-275Vac

information and communication technol-

with power factor correction (PFC). Other

This combination of design elements

ogy equipment, GB4943 for information

features contribute to reliable operation,

ensures that the LOF Series of pow-

technology equipment, EN61558 for safe-

for example, a very low earth leakage of

er supplies has medical and industrial

ty isolating transformers, and EN60335, for

less than 0.1mA, a high surge withstand

compliance in a single product. Safety

household electrical appliances.

threshold of 300Vac for five seconds, and

features include short circuit protection,

no-load power consumption of less than

over current, over voltage and over tem-

0.5W.

perature protection.

Both convection and forced air-cooled

In addition to competitive prices, the

ratings are available, with options to fit

LOF Series has lead times of six weeks

cases on all units.

as standard.

All models in the series carry a three-year

http://www.relec.co.uk

Furthermore, the LOF Series converters

John Stone is Sales Director at Relec Electronics, a company which specialises in power conversion and displays. John has worked at Relec since 2003 and holds a BSc in Electronics and Communications Engineering from the University of Birmingham.

meet the most stringent of EMC standards including: • EN55032 – Class B – Conducted Emissions and Radiated Emissions • EN61000-3-2 – Class D (PFC) • EN61000-4-2 – ESD Contact ±8kV/ Air ±15kV

manufacturer’s warranty.

DIRECT IN-HOUSE SERVICE Flame Hardeners’ ability to respond quickly and efficiently to specialist enquiries is the result of our in-house policy • 100% of our bespoke tooling manufacture for both flame and induction hardening is carried out in-house by our own highly skilled tool-making team, all of whom have over 20 years’ experience.

As a result, the average time for tooling development is less than two days.

• Personal service – you will always speak directly to a member of our own staff; we do not use automated call systems

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tel: 0114 276 8167

fax: 0114 273 8657

Feature: CNC upgrade programme

CNC upgrade programme provides US cutting tool manufacturer with major productivity advantage U S cutting tool manufacturer, McQuade Industries, Inc., has gained a highly cost-effective productivity advantage by implementing a CNC upgrade programme for a line of 5-axis insert grinders. The upgraded machines are much easier to set up and operate, enabling the company to shave off more than ten minutes per part from the production time of complex geometry cutting tools.

with fast-turnaround tool regrinding and

Although the insert grinders still represent

repair services, backed by specialist

a valuable asset, McQuade had devel-

knowledge in special carbide and preci-

oped a large number of part programmes

sion form inserts.

over the years, which ideally would need to run on any replacement machines

The machines that are being upgraded

without requiring modification. Therefore,

are RS12 insert grinders, originally manu-

the company decided to preserve its in-

factured by Ewag AG in Switzerland. Mc-

vestment by implementing a programme

Quade installed a number of these preci-

to upgrade the machines’ CNC systems.

sion grinders back in 1988, and over the

McQuade subsequently engaged the

years, they have provided stalwart perfor-

services of Advanced Machine Technolo-

mance. However, as McQuade’s Produc-

gies, LLC., a specialist CNC retrofit com-

tion Manager, Donald Ostgen, explains,

pany based in Owosso, Michigan.

“After 30-plus years, even the best maBased in Clinton Township, Michigan,

chines can begin to show signs of their

The original RS12 insert grinders were fit-

McQuade Industries produces a diverse

age! Although still in good mechanical

ted with NUM 760 CNC systems, NUM

range of cutting tools, including boring

order, the grinders’ control systems were

Guttinger NGS 610 servo drives and

bars, milling cutters, generating heads,

beginning to lack the flexibility we needed

NUM/SEM brushed servomotors. Having

draw-bar style tooling and cartridges,

for some of today’s more complex tool

partnered with NUM on numerous auto-

as well as complete turnkey tooling

geometries, leading to lengthy set-up and

mation upgrade projects over the past 22

packages. It also provides customers

machining times.”

years, Advanced Machine Technologies

16 dpaonthenet.net

Feature: CNC upgrade programme has considerable experience in replacing legacy systems such as these. In this instance, the company recommended upgrading to NUM’s latest-generation Flexium+ 68 CNC system, and replacing the drives and motors on

MAGNET TECHNOLOGY

all five axes with NUMdrive X digital servo drives and new NUM brushless servomotors.

By transitioning to NUM’s Flexium+ CNC platform, McQuade would secure full grind-cycle flexibility, while continuing to use a familiar HMI (human-machine interface) and machine setup operations. This upgrade path also would provide full backwards compatibility with part programmes made by the company over the last thirty years. Furthermore, the embedded PC in Flexium+ represented a flexible IIoT platform that is Industry 4.0 ready, offering McQuade powerful connectivity advantages for future productivity enhancements and enabling NUM or AMT to provide remote support services if required.

McQuade sanctioned the work, requesting that Advanced Machine Technologies initially upgraded a single machine so that its performance could be evaluated before progressing further. As part of the upgrade, in addition to the CNC system, drives and motors, the insert grinder was fitted with a new NUM FS-12 touch-sensitive operator’s panel, an MP08 machine panel, and an HBA series portable hand-wheel. The variable-frequency drive for the existing grinding spindle motor was also replaced, using a smaller footprint NUM DriveX servo drive to fulfil the role. The advantage of this approach is that all command, feedback and status information is now being exchanged over a fast digital bus, which simplifies wiring and improves diagnostic capabilities.

The upgrade has proved a resounding success. The move to all-digital drives and motors has significantly increased the overall speed and performance of the machine, resulting in faster grind feed rates and improved surface finishing. Donald Ostgen is extremely pleased with the level of service provided by Advanced Machine Technologies, and with the insert grinder’s rejuvenated capabilities. “If anyone doubts the benefits of a CNC upgrade, they should take a look at our installation. The quality of workmanship is superb, the grinder is now much easier to programme and the handheld

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pendant really helps [to] simplify operation. We are able to run parts on this machine that we could previously only run on our wire EDM (electrical discharge machining) machines, and its increased flexibility means that we are

*where applicable and on request

now saving over 10 minutes per part, compared to the pre-retrofit model.”

The first upgraded RS12 insert grinder is now in full operation on McQuade’s production line, and the company has already commenced upgrading the next machine on the line. https://num.com/

Automation with Drive

www.keb.co.uk

KEB (UK) Ltd. 5 Morris Close Park Farm Industrial Estate Wellingborough NN8 6XF Tel: 01933 402220 E-Mail: info@keb.co.uk

dpaonthenet.net 17

Feature: Commander drives

Commander improves customer experience at London bowling alley B

owlers at a unique London venue can now rack up strikes in peace – thanks to Commander drives from Control Techniques, part of the Nidec group.

ers,” said Srdan Stojilikovic, Technical

also stops noisy vibrations going through

Manager for All-Star Lanes.

the ducting.

The solution came in the form of Con-

Mr Stojilikovic added: “The fan motor

trol Techniques’ Commander drives,

works at a lower rpm than the old drive

which provided an instant boost in per-

and has made a great difference in our

formance. The drives mount to the wall

restaurant area. With the new drive, the

All Star Lanes, in Bloomsbury, had been

using a NEMA bracket, which protects

wall has stopped shaking and the venue

suffering from significant vibrations from

all the cables going in and provides add-

is not noisy any more.”

its ventilation systems, which was a ma-

ed safety for the general public. The new

jor disturbance to diners and bowlers at

Commander drive is also half the size of

The installation was carried out by APS

the underground alley. Due to its loca-

the existing one, creating extra space at

Engineering, recognised as one of Control

tion, the bowling alley needs a constant

the installation.

Techniques’ top system integrators. Per

flow of fresh air and relies on its fan sys-

Lutteman, from APS Engineering, said:

tem to bring in clean air from above, and

Previously, the system ran continuous-

“From our point of view, this was a simple

to extract fumes from the kitchen.

ly at 30 amps. The new system, led by

project but one that has made a big im-

Commander, runs at a much lower rate

pact. Setting the Commander drive up is

“Behind the seating area in our restau-

of 10-15 amps, generating significant

very easy, including the programming. It

rant, we have a wall made of Perspex

savings of 50 percent and resulting in a

was up and running the way we wanted

panels, which divides our bowling lanes

much better flow of air. The previous sys-

within half an hour, and we know the sup-

from the restaurant area. With our old

tem also had too much vacuum, which

port – if we ever need it – will be first class.”

ventilation system, the panels would

caused buckling and made it vibrate like

shake constantly from the fan motor,

a drum. By tuning the drive to a lower lev-

https://acim.nidec.com/drives/

making an off-putting noise for our din-

el, not only does it use less power, but it

control-techniques

18 dpaonthenet.net

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Feature: Digital twins

The role of drives and condition monitoring in digital twins W

hat will the digital twin look like in the automation of the future and what role will drive technologies play? Dominik Follmann, head of the ‘Technical Infrastructure for Digital Twins’ (TeDZ) project at KEB Automation, provides his views.

20 dpaonthenet.net

Today, many companies are talking

data and improved monitoring of sys-

about the ‘digital twin’, but the definition

tems. This prevents problems before

is still very inconsistent. As a result, dig-

they occur, minimises downtime, devel-

ital twins from different manufacturers

ops new opportunities and even helps

often do not have the necessary inter-

to plan for the future using simulation

operability to use them together.

models.

In its simplest form, a digital twin is a

In the TeDZ project, KEB is search-

virtual model of a process, product or

ing for possible savings potential and

service. The pairing of the physical and

how these can be achieved and made

digital worlds enables better analysis of

available. KEB’s aim is to provide its

Feature: Digital twins customers, and their customers, with

commissioning’ offers significant sav-

throughout the entire product lifecycle,

easy access to the digital twin which

ings potential, such as time and cost

from planning, engineering and com-

will generate significant added value for

savings during real commissioning, as

missioning, to servicing and replace-

everyone.

well as quality improvements and pro-

ment.

cess reliability through error simulations.

In the pilot project “Digital Energet-

KEB is gaining lots of experience in dealing with the technologies men-

of digital twins. In particular, the focus

The role of predictive maintenance and condition monitoring

is on the energy-related aspects; for ex-

KEB is also concerned with communi-

partners to develop the technologies

ample, an ideal energy-efficient design

cations and appropriate definition of the

themselves and to test these in real-

and the optimisation of energy con-

semantics for dynamic data, i.e. data

istic scenarios in order to develop the

sumption.

that can be acquired from the products

results into market-ready solutions. The

at runtime. Due to their sensors and

direct exchange and cooperation with

With the help of simulation models, KEB

built-in intelligence, drive controllers

other companies, as well as university

also intends to offer its customers the

can provide lots of useful information

and research institutions, make it possi-

possibility of simulating the behaviour of

here, for example, for condition moni-

ble to “think outside the box” and also

a machine or plant. This could, for ex-

toring and predictive maintenance pur-

ensure that KEB has a comprehensive

ample, involve simulating the behaviour

poses. The aim is to provide product

view during technical implementation.

of a drive axis as realistically as possible

information, such as engineering data

This provides KEB with the opportunity

during the planning phase. In this way,

or simulation models. This information

to reflect the results of its work through

the energy consumption of a drive axis

can also be enhanced with additional

various standardisation committees, so

at certain operating points can be pre-

data recorded during operation – as a

that the users of its products and solu-

cisely predetermined. The models also

digital representation of KEB products.

tions are guaranteed the broadest pos-

enable customers to develop and test

Standardised access to all this informa-

sible interoperability later on.

large parts of the machine control sys-

tion via an ‘administration shell’ simpli-

tem, even before actual commissioning

fies the integration of the components

For more information, please visit

has occurred. This so-called ‘virtual

for customers. This brings advantages

www.keb.co.uk

ic Twin” (DeZ), a sub-project of TeDZ, KEB is researching the different facets

tioned. Working together on the project enables the KEB team and its project

About the author: Dominik Follmann has been working for KEB since 2004, starting as a student.

After his diploma thesis in electrical engineering and master studies in information technology, he worked for several years in the development of software tools with graphical user interfaces for commissioning, diagnostics and parameterisation of KEB products. In 2017, he became the head of the software and embedded firmware development team in KEB’s electronic R&D department.

Besides this, he is the KEB project manager for its OWL project, “TeDZ” (technical infrastructure for digital twins).

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Feature: Outdoor enclosures

Keep electronic projects secure & weatherproof with the right enclosures

F

or many designers of DIY or prototype projects, once the electronics are laid out, finding a suitable enclosure is often left to the last minute. This may be reasonable if it’s going to be used indoors on a desk or placed on a wall, temporarily. But if the project is intended for use outdoors over long periods, it will quickly succumb to the elements or be damaged, either intentionally or unintentionally, by malicious tampering or idle curiosity.

Figure 1: The effects of moisture and humidity on electronic components, boards, and interconnects can be highly detrimental over time. (Image source: Shutterstock)

that meet both physical and aesthetic

on vibration isolators, and electrical and

requirements.

RF noise can be mitigated using filters, chokes, and appropriate grounding tech-

Why electronics enclosures need to provide environmental protection

niques.

Electronic systems used outdoors are

ticularly pernicious. Once moisture has

susceptible to deterioration due to heat,

penetrated a system, it can increase hu-

It’s difficult to craft an appropriate en-

cold, humidity, direct sunlight – particu-

midity and lead to condensation. This can

closure using available materials, and

larly ultraviolet (UV) rays – vibration, and

be followed by the corrosion and ultimate

while off-the-shelf enclosures might

physical tampering. They are also subject-

deterioration over time of semiconduc-

meet ruggedness requirements, they

ed to many sources of electrical and elec-

tor passivation layers, solder joints, and

may be the wrong size, overly vulner-

tromagnetic noise. Designers can account

physical connections. When combined

able to tampering, and lack aesthetics.

for temperature extremes through proper

with contaminants, such as dust and de-

The latter two can be problematic if the

circuit design, component derating, ther-

bris, that may have entered the enclosure

enclosure is going to be on the outside

mal management techniques such as

before it is closed, the detrimental effects

of a home or commercial building.

heatsinks and fans, and minimising over-

are multiplied. The various ways in which

all power consumption. Vibration can be

moisture affects components include

accounted for by mounting pc boards

electrochemical, galvanic, anodic, and

For small electronic project housings or

However, moisture and humidity are par-

enclosures that will be placed outside, it’s best to opt for a line of officially IP68 qualified polycarbonate enclosures that can seal the electronics effectively against the elements.

This article will discuss the effects of rain, temperature extremes, and sunlight on electronics systems and their enclosures. It will then describe what IP-68 protection implies before introducing enclosures from Hammond Manufacturing with associated gaskets

Figure 2: The IP codes assign a digit to indicate a system’s degree of protection against dirt (left) and moisture (right). (Image source: focusondrives.com)

dpaonthenet.net 23

Feature: Outdoor enclosures What is IP-68?

Also called ingress protection, the IP codes derive from EN 60529 and assign two digits that indicate the degree of protection provided with respect to dust and moisture (Figure 2). The assignments classify the degree of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects, such as fingers and hands, as well as dust and water. The goal is to provide clarity around otherwise vague and subjective terms such as “waterproof”.

The first digit after IP pertains to solids, the second digit pertains to liquids. So, in Figure 3: The 1557 Series of enclosures accommodate both IP-68 requirements and design aesthetics, while providing a variety of mounting options. (Image source: Hammond Manufacturing)

the case of IP-68, a system is compliant if it’s totally protected against dust (6) and long periods under water jets or immersion under pressure (8).

cathodic. All pose a hazard to the reliabili-

conditions and environmental tests for

ty of electronics, some subtle, some more

telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4:

obvious (Figure 1).

Classification of environmental condi-

How to meet IP-68 requirements

tions; Stationary use at non-weather-pro-

While it’s possible to design an IP-68 en-

tected locations”.

closure from scratch, there’s no need to

Placing epoxy or gels over critical components can help to mitigate the effects

re-invent the wheel when companies like

of moisture ingress. For mass-produced

This is a useful testing guide for hobbyists,

Hammond Manufacturing have already

systems, conformal coatings of 20 to 50

and essential for professionals. It classi-

done the groundwork. Its 1557 Series of

microns – or even up to 100 microns in

fies the various conditions a device might

enclosures for harsh environments are de-

extreme cases – can cover the entire pc

face into seismic, earthquake, shock, so-

signed with UV-stabilised polycarbonate

board. However, some components, such

lar radiation and temperature. It further

material to meet IP-68 requirements, while

as DIP switches, variable resistors, and

sub-divides environmental classes into

also attending to aesthetics, providing a

battery holders can’t receive such coat-

water, precipitation, mould growth, animal

“modern” look with “soft” curves in two

ings. Also, conformal coatings may not

attacks (i.e., termites), and air salinity. It

colours – black and light grey (Figure 3).

quite cover the edges (edge crawling),

also has some good definitions that are

exposing traces and connections to cor-

directly relevant here and underscore the

The 1557 Series carries a flammability

rosion.

importance of humidity:

rating of UL94-5VA and achieves protec-

• Absolute humidity: Mass of water va-

tion against dust, oil and water ingress

The full effect of moisture depends upon

pour in grams which is associated with

by using a two-piece tongue-and-groove

heat and relative humidity. Full testing

one cubic meter of dry air in an air/wa-

construction with a high-temperature, UL

guidelines for moisture and humidity for

ter vapour mixture.

listed silicone gasket, model 1557BGAS-

outdoor equipment is covered by ETSI EN

• Non-weather-protected location: Loca-

300 019-1-4 V2.2.1 (2014-04) “Environ-

tion at which the equipment is not pro-

mental Engineering (EE); Environmental

tected from direct weather influences.

The lid is then secured with M4 stainless

• Relative humidity: Ratio of the partial

steel machine screws, model SC576-50

pressure of the water vapour in moist

(Figure 5). These are threaded into corro-

air at a given temperature, to the partial

sion-resistant bushings to allow for repet-

pressure of the water vapour in saturat-

itive assembly and disassembly, such as

ed air at the same temperature.

during the prototyping stage of a design.

KET (Figure 4).

• Stationary use: Use of the equipment mounted firmly on the structure, or on

The 1557 Series comes in a wide range

mounting devices, or it is permanently

of sizes to meet a variety of application

placed at a certain site.

needs and comes with a range of mounting options – including pc board – for

Figure 4: The 1557BGASKET is made of UL listed silicone and helps the 1557 enclosure achieve IP-68 compliance.

(Image source: Hammond Manufacturing)

24 dpaonthenet.net

For designers, however, prevention is al-

placement flexibility. The sizes are based

ways better than a cure. This is where the

on four basic plan sizes, each in two

International Protection (IP) rating IP-68

heights. The sizes are:

comes into play.

• 80 x 80mm floor plan, in heights of 45mm or 60mm

Feature: Outdoor enclosures • 120 x 120mm, 160 x 160mm, and 200 x 200 mm floor plans, in heights of 45mm or 70mm The mounting options are as shown (Figure 3, again): • Heavy-duty, wall flange mount (mounting feet outward) • Flush wall mount (mounting feet as keyhole slots) • Desktop/tabletop (rubber feet included) Each option has a clear emphasis. The heavy-duty wall-mount model has a set of two or four wall-mounting tabs which are securely screwed to the back of the enclosure. The tabs protrude out from the edge of the enclosure, allowing the user to mount it securely to the wall using their own hardware. This is ideal for applications where security is

Figure 5: The model SC576-50 M4 machine screws thread securely into corrosionresistant bushings to allow for repetitive assembly and disassembly.

(Image source: Hammond Manufacturing)

critical and the installation is permanent.

The flush-mount model has the same wall-mounting tabs, but they are flipped around and installed into cavities on the back of the enclosure. In this configuration, the tabs act as keyhole slots, allowing for a more elegant, flush-mount appearance. This configuration is also ideal for applications where the enclosure will be temporarily affixed to the wall.

About the author: Each enclosure includes four adhesive rubber feet for use in desktop/tabletop mode. In this mode, the wall-mount tabs are no longer used, and rubber feet are placed in each corner. There is a recessed area in each corner sized for the feet to ensure proper placement, maintain a lower profile, and to keep the feet securely in place.

More rubber feet, model 1421T6CL, can be ordered if necessary.

Accessories that come with the enclosures include liquid-tight cord grips/cable glands and pole-mount kits.

Conclusion Much development work is focused on the design of the electronics, to the extent that designers can underestimate how important it can be to choose the right enclosure for outdoor applications. Without suitable protection, humidity, temperature extremes, dust, oil and other contaminants can combine to compromise the electrical and structural integrity of a design.

However, such enclosures are difficult to design.

By choosing off-the-shelf enclosures that meet IP-68 requirements, designers can quickly get a design to market that will meet the challenges of extended outdoor use. www.digikey.co.uk

Rolf Horn, Applications Engineer at DigiKey Electronics, has been in the European Technical Support group since 2014 with primary responsibility for answering any development- and engineering-related questions from final customers in EMEA, as well as writing and proof-reading German articles and blogs on DK’s TechForum and maker.io platforms.

Prior to Digi-Key, he worked at several manufacturers in the semiconductor area with focus on embedded FPGA, Microcontroller and Processor systems for Industrial and Automotive Applications. Rolf holds a degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the university of applied sciences in Munich, Bavaria and started his professional career at a local Electronics Products Distributor as SystemSolutions Architect to share his steadily growing knowledge and expertise as Trusted Advisor.

dpaonthenet.net 25

Feature: IT cooling

IT cooling: Look bey the norm for true inno F

or an outsider, the term “IT” conjures up images of cavernous futuristic facilities, myriads of twinkling LEDs, and technologies at the “bleeding edge” of the latest developments.

dium businesses don’t have the funds,

effects as above, degrading the overall

space or management backing to make

life or performance of the equipment,

large office moves or extensions a re-

and reducing installation efficiency.

ality.

Lack of scalability A CRAC unit requires planning and pre-

Clearly, most businesses can’t know

work to be a success. Businesses are

for certain how fast their IT installa-

becoming increasingly dependent on

tions need to grow to keep pace with

Don’t get me wrong, there are facil-

agile solutions to meet their ever-chang-

change. A large project, or influx of new

ities like this; but if you look closer to

ing needs, and CRACs don’t fit the bill.

staff, may mean new racks have to be

home, most installations are operating

installed, thus increasing the heat load.

on technology that has been in place for

Temperature fluctuations

If a business also hasn’t budgeted for

years, and this is not always effective.

As the air is delivered from below the

new cooling equipment, then problems

floor, it rises and increases in temper-

may quickly arise.

From a climate control perspective,

ature.

we’re talking CRAC units. Computer

A CRAC unit has a maximum cooling

Room Air Conditioning Units (CRAC)

Equipment placed in the highest Us of a

capacity. If that is exceeded, there are

are the mainstay of the ‘White Space’,

rack receives air which can be degrees

two options:

supplying the cavity below the raised

warmer than its lower counterparts. The

1. Remove the existing unit and re-

floor with cold air, which is then directed

discrepancy between required and ac-

place with a larger and more expen-

up to the equipment via perforated floor

tual air temperatures can be detrimental

tiles in front of the racks.

to the performance, lifespan and reliability of the equipment.

For today’s IT professional, there are some possible downsides.

sive alternative.

2. Supplement the existing unit by buying another smaller CRAC to support it.

In some cases, the distance of the CRAC to the equipment results in a de-

Both options have downsides – replac-

Upheaval of the business

lay in response to any increase in heat

ing a unit that has, for example, only

First, you must have the right location,

load. This delay, however slight, means

been in place for a short time is likely

and employ a professional installer to

that equipment will be exposed to high-

to be an unpopular, if not a financially

fit the raised floor. Many small and me-

er temperatures. This can have similar

unviable, option.

26 dpaonthenet.net

Feature: IT cooling Using in-row to cool the aisle means that

Full immersion cooling

if one cooler was to break down, then

Full immersion cooling takes things to

the other could increase output to sup-

the next level. Instead of passing liquid

port.

by the heatsink to wick away excess heat, the whole server is placed into a

Meanwhile, for businesses with only lim-

reservoir of ‘thermally conductive dielec-

ited space, or where the equipment is

tric coolant’ which comes into contact

placed within the office, a glazed in-rack

with the equipment from all angles, al-

option is an all-enclosed, quiet solution.

lowing maximum removal of waste heat.

There is also no requirement for a raised

It’s a method which is becoming increas-

floor, so general office space could be

ingly popular with data centres focusing

converted over just a few days.

on “green” credentials and mindful of how they are utilising the waste heat.

If the heat load increases, they can have

yond ovation

their output increased rapidly by insert-

Combining this with other methods of

ing more fan units into the front of the

cooling is a big positive as full immer-

cooler. Added to which, with cooling ca-

sion can operate at higher water tem-

pacities of 53kW in a unit that occupies

peratures than other techniques. Even

just 0.36m², it’s highly scalable.

after all the cooling has been performed, users can use the gathered waste heat

Rear door coolers

to warm offices, raising the efficiency

Simply put, this means replacing the ex-

levels up further!

isting rear door of the rack and installing a replacement that houses a large Air to

Make the break

Water Heat Exchanger.

The reality is that, despite the newer

Karl Lycett is Rittal UK’s Product Manager for Industrial and IT Climate Control. He began his career as a Mechanical Design Engineer before moving into product management while working for Eaton.

He joined Rittal as Climate Control Product Manager in 2017 and focuses on the Industrial & IT markets. His main aim is to support the UK customer base by providing expert advice and sales support on their range of innovative solutions.

(potentially better) options, CRAC units Ambient air in the room is drawn through

will be around for some time. Legacy

Supplementing the unit with something

the rack equipment using internal fans.

equipment will continue to be replaced

smaller is possible, but as mentioned,

Hot air is exhausted and passes over the

and businesses will simply perform like-

CRACs take up significant space.

rear door cooler. Chilled water running

for-like swaps on their old raised floor

through the rear door removes heat from

installs.

CRACs may be an option for some busi-

the air and it passes back into the room

nesses, but for those wanting to take

for reuse at the set temperature.

their install to the next level, there are other (better) alternatives.

About the author:

However, don’t be afraid to look beyond the familiar and embrace the new; you

This solution is particularly suited to

won’t regret it!

lower cooling requirements (<20kW per

The present

rack) and if you already have a chilled

In-row & in-rack cooling

water supply on-site that they can be

These two solutions have a lot in com-

connected to, this can be a serious con-

mon; what sets them apart is how they

tender.

www.rittal.co.uk

deliver the air to equipment.

The future In-row requires your racks to have per-

On-Chip cooling

forated doors and should be used in

On-Chip directs cooling inside servers

conjunction with Aisle Containment to

to small heat sinks which are attached

prevent hot and cold mixing. Cold air

to chips and other important hardware

is pushed directly out of the front of

within.

the cooler into the cold aisle and then passed across the IT equipment.

This method has been around for some time, using air as the medium for remov-

In-rack, by contrast, requires the use of

ing heat; however, as processing power

glazed doors and doesn’t require Aisle

continues to climb, and miniaturisation

Containment. Instead it creates a “mini

is still the focus, the amount of heat gen-

cold aisle” by supplying the cooled air

erated is increasing. Liquid On-Chip in-

sideways, directly in front of the equip-

creases the efficacy of this method and

ment.

continues to push the limits of cooling within increasingly smaller footprints.

dpaonthenet.net 27

Feature: Easy-assembly enclosures

At last, an enclosure designed to reduce assembly time T

he ability to reduce production and assembly times can possess far greater benefits than first thought. A company’s capacity to take a standard BOM part and process it through to a finished design is a great indicator of its efficiency. Being able to assemble complete products is directly linked to the company’s profitability and will provide them with a more competitive edge on the market. In order to gain increased customer satisfaction and profit margin, we should strive to identify strategies on how to reduce the manufacturing cycle and ensure we have refined internal processes.

attaches the lid to the base. This allows the lid to be attached quickly and easily, without the need to screw down the lid.

With this feature, it provides faster assembly over conventional lids and, therefore, offers cost savings. If this isn’t necessary for you and you prefer a conventional method, then the lid is reversible and can be turned 180°, where a brass insert will then line up with the buttonhole. This will allow a countersunk screw to be used.

CamdenBoss has manufactured this premium enclosure with features that are

In this article, we are going to be looking at

be more profitable for assembly houses.

ways in which shorter assembly times can

designed to tackle industry requirements and the problems faced by equipment

be achieved with CamdenBoss’s latest

The Easy Assembly Electronics Enclosure

manufacturers. Whilst a premium enclo-

enclosure, the Easy Assembly Electronics

makes use of a unique dual-action lid, fea-

sure may seem extravagant, the benefits

Enclosure, and how this can translate to

turing a push-button clip mechanism that

of its advanced features far outweigh this.

28 dpaonthenet.net

Feature: Easy-assembly enclosures

The lid functionality provides effortless assembly capability which saves an immense amount of time on the production line, allowing assembly times to be greatly reduced. With these shortened assembly times, as well as less time wasted dealing with screws to secure the lid, more units can be put together much more quickly; boosting efficiency, shortening lead times, and effectively providing cost savings and increased sales.

The Easy Assembly Electronics Enclosure has another trick up its sleeve to boost production line output, which can be found within the enclosure

The same but different

itself. Located at the top of the base section is a set of supports on either side. These supports have been designed so that they do not require

PCB Terminal blocks with screw or Push-in connection

screws when you are mounting your PCB. As a further security measure, the lid incorporates a set of moulded plastic springs that hold the PCB in place from the top, so the board experiences no movement once the enclosure has been assembled.

Identical size, different connection technology - TDPT series PCB terminal

These smart features can provide unbeaten benefits to both the OEM

blocks enable you to develop market

manufacturer for assembly speed, and the end user, should the inter-

specific devices in a unified design. Thanks

nal space need to be accessed at any time. So, if you are looking for

to their identical shape you can chose

an enclosure that provides both quality and a high standard of design,

either screw or Push-in connection -

with the added benefit of a quick assembly foolproof method, the Easy

without changing your PCB or device

Assembly Electronics Enclosure from CamdenBoss is the electronics

design.

housing you need.

To learn of the other features the enclosure has to offer or to talk about your future design, call the CamdenBoss sales team today on 01638 716101.

For additional information call 0845 881 2222 or visit https://www.camdenboss.com/

phoenixcontact.co.uk/tdpt

dpaonthenet.net 29

Feature: Bearings in extreme environments

Withstanding heat and pressure – reliable bearing designs for extreme environments B

earing systems are critical parts in a machine – and their failure could have catastrophic and costly consequences. The bearing design has a major impact on reliability, especially in extreme operating conditions, including high or low temperatures, vacuum and corrosive atmospheres.

This article outlines points to consider when specifying bearings for challenging environments, to ensure high reliability and excellent long-life performance of equipment.

the aerospace industry, can present chal-

can tolerate very high temperatures for

lenges for standard bearings. Furthermore,

longer periods.

temperatures are rising in equipment as units become increasingly smaller and

Materials

have increased power-density, which pos-

When it comes to temperatures over

es a problem for the average bearing.

300°C, special ring and ball materials are necessary. AISI M50 is a high-temperature

Lubrication

steel that is typically recommended as it

Lubrication is an important consideration

exhibits high wear and fatigue resistance

here. Oils and greases have maximum

at high temperatures. BG42 is another

operating temperatures at which point they

high-temperature steel that has a good

will start to degrade and evaporate quickly,

hot hardness at 300°C and is commonly

leading to bearing failure. Standard greases

specified since it has high levels of corrosion

are often limited to a maximum temperature

resistance and is also less susceptible to

of around 120°C and some conventional

fatigue at extreme temperatures.

high-temperature greases are capable of A bearing system comprises many el-

resisting temperatures of up to 180°C.

ements, including balls, rings, cages

High-temperature cages are also required and can be supplied in special polymer

and lubrication. Standard bearings do

However, for applications that require even

materials, such as PTFE, polyimide, pol-

not typically stand up to the rigours of

higher temperatures, special fluorinated

yamide-imide (PAI) and polyetheretherke-

harsh environments, so the individual

lubricating greases are available and

tone (PEEK). For high-temperature, oil-lu-

parts require special consideration. The

temperatures above 250°C are attainable.

bricated systems, bearing cages can also

most important elements are lubrication,

Where liquid lubrication is not possible, solid

be manufactured from bronze, brass or

materials, and special heat treatment or

lubrication allows for reliable low-speed

silver-plated steel.

coatings.

operation at even higher temperatures. In this case, molybdenum disulphide (MOS2),

Coatings and heat treatment

Operating at high temperature

tungsten

graphite

Advanced coatings and surface treat-

High-temperature applications, such as

and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are

ments can be applied to bearings to com-

those used in actuation systems within

recommended as solid lubricants as they

bat friction, corrosion and wear, thus im-

30 dpaonthenet.net

disulphide

(WS2),

Feature: Bearings in extreme environments proving the bearing performance at high

temperatures to allow for an acceptable

ceramic ball materials such as zirconia

temperatures. For example, steel cages

level at low temperatures.

and silicon carbide can be used to further

can be coated with silver. In the case of

increase a bearing’s resistance to corrosive substances.

a solid lubricant, allowing the bearing to

Handling the pressure of vacuum

continue running for a short period or in

In ultra-high vacuum environments, such

an emergency.

as those that are present in manufacturing

Getting more from media lubrication

lubricant failure, the silver plating acts like

electronics, semiconductors and LCDs,

The final challenging environment is in

Reliability at low temperature

the pressure can be lower than 10-7mbar.

applications where the media acts as the

At the other end of the scale, low tem-

Ultra-high vacuum bearings are typically

lubricant, for example, refrigerants, water,

peratures can be problematic for stand-

used in actuation equipment, as well

or hydraulic fluids. The material is the most

ard bearings.

as turbomolecular pumps (TMP) which

important consideration, and SV30-ceramic

generate the vacuum for manufacturing

hybrid bearings have often been found

Lubrication

environments. In this latter application, the

to provide the most practical and reliable

In low-temperature applications (for ex-

bearings are often required to work at a high

solution.

ample, cryogenic pumping applications

speed.

Conclusion

with temperatures in the region of -190°C), oil lubrications become waxy – resulting in

Lubrication

Extreme

bearing failure. Solid lubrication, such as

At such high vacuums, standard lubrication

operational challenges to standard bearings,

MOS2 or WS2, is ideal for improving reli-

greases evaporate and also outgas, and

thus causing them to fail prematurely. In

ability. Furthermore, in these applications,

the lack of effective lubrication can result in

these applications, bearings should be

the media being pumped can act as the

bearing failure. Therefore, special lubrication

carefully configured so that they are fit for

lubricant, so the bearings need to be spe-

needs to be used. For high vacuum environ-

purpose and deliver excellent long-lasting

cially configured to operate at these low

ments (down to approximately 10-7 mbar),

performance. To ensure high reliability of

temperatures using materials that work

PFPE greases can be used as they have a

bearings, special attention should be paid

well with the media.

much higher resistance to evaporation. For

to lubrication, materials, surface coatings

ultra-high vacuum environments (10 mbar

and heat treatment.

-9

Materials

and below), solid lubricants and coatings

SV30 – a martensitic, through-hardened,

must be used.

high-nitrogen, corrosion-resistant steel –

environments

present

many

HQW Precision and The Barden Corporation fully understand the demands of harsh

can be used to improve a bearing’s fatigue

For medium vacuum environments (around

applications. Working together as ‘Partners

life and wear resistance. Ceramic balls

10-2mbar), with careful design and selection

in Precision’, the companies are sharing

are also recommended, as the inherent

of special vacuum grease, bearing systems

knowledge with customers worldwide,

mechanical properties of the material

that operate at high speeds and deliver

helping them to improve the reliability of

mean that they provide excellent operation

long lifetimes of more than 40,000 hours

their equipment. For more information, visit

in poor lubrication conditions and can

(approximately five years) of continual use

https://www.hqw.gmbh/en/ or

operate reliably at low temperatures.

can be achieved.

www.bardenbearings.co.uk.

Cage material should also be as wear

Corrosion resistance

resistant as possible – PEEK, polychloro-

Bearings which are intended for use in a

trifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and PAI plastics

corrosive environment need to be specially

are all good options.

configured as they can potentially be

About the author: Stefan Vogel is the Sales & Applications Manager, HQW Precision GmbH and Barney Eley, Senior Application Engineer at The Barden Corporation.

exposed to acids, alkalis and saltwater – Heat treatment

among other corrosive chemicals.

Rings should be specially heat treated to improve dimensional stability at low

Materials

temperatures.

Materials are a vital consideration for corrosive environments. Standard bearing

Internal design

steels readily corrode, leading to early bearing

Bearings are designed with a level of

failure. In this case, SV30 ring material with

radial play, but as temperature reduces,

ceramic balls should be considered as it is

the bearing components undergo thermal

highly resistant to corrosion. Studies have

contraction and the amount of radial play

shown that SV30 material can last much

is therefore reduced. If the level reduces

longer than other corrosion-resistant steel

to zero during operation, this will result in

in a salt spray environment. In controlled

bearing failure. Bearings that are intended

salt spray tests, SV30 steel shows only

for low-temperature applications should

slight signs of corrosion after 1,000 hours

be designed with more radial play at room

of salt spray testing (see graph 1). Special

Graph 1 – The graph shows the degree of corrosion over time for three materials SV30, X65Cr13 and 100Cr6

dpaonthenet.net 31

Feature: Bearing mounting

Perfect fit: Raising the standard of bearing mounting

C

orrect mounting is vital in lengthening the life of a bearing – yet there are multiple factors involved behind getting it right.

this in mind, anything that can help

ing. The installation method – and the

maintenance staff improve their bearing

relative ease of the fitting process – dif-

mounting skills will help to raise produc-

fers depending on whether it has a cy-

tivity and efficiency.

lindrical or tapered seating, for instance.

Getting it right

With regards to mounting technique,

Most bearings last longer than the ma-

If bearings are not mounted properly,

bearings can be heated – to expand

chine into which they are installed. In the

they do not function correctly, which can

them, so they fit into place more easily

small number of cases where they fail,

lead to damage and premature failure.

– or installed ‘cold’. Bearings can also

around one in six is caused by incorrect

Correct mounting and replacement of a

be installed using hydraulic techniques,

mounting.

bearing requires a technician to identify

such as oil injection.

the bearing correctly and understand its Around 10 billion bearings are manufac-

mounting specification requirements.

tured each year, which means more than

Although made of steel, bearings are delicate engineered components and

eight million are replaced early because

There are many factors to consider, in-

must be treated carefully. Even before a

of faulty fitting procedures. If initial bear-

cluding bearing size, type and mount-

bearing is mounted, it should be stored

ing installation – and remounting new

ing technique. Regarding size, large

properly in a clean environment. A cool,

bearings – can be improved, this will ex-

bearings must be handled carefully

dry area is ideal. Mounting should be

tend their lifespan and reduce the need

– for maximum safety, and to ensure

done in a dust-free environment. If this

for maintenance on critical machinery.

that lifting forces are evenly distributed.

is not possible – which is typical for large

Bearings must not be suspended from

bearings – the mounting area should be

Although there are many different bear-

a single point. For this reason, larger

protected with plastic or foil, to prevent

ings, in a range of sizes and types, they

bearings usually have threaded holes to

contamination. If bearings are to be

are far from being ‘plug and play’. Each

accommodate eye bolts.

grease-lubricated, or used at high or low

needs to be fitted in the correct way – of-

temperatures, it is best to wash and dry

ten using specific tools and techniques

There are many different bearing types,

– to ensure optimum performance. With

including multiple variants of roller bear-

32 dpaonthenet.net

them before mounting.

Feature: Bearing mounting It is worth remembering that dismounting

dentations corresponding to the distance

with input from customers, provides de-

bearings incorrectly can also cause prob-

between the balls.

tailed instructions for mounting many

lems. This is why it is unwise to dismount a

different SKF bearings. It is suitable for

good bearing unless absolutely necessary.

Another cause of early fatigue is contami-

use by all levels of technician. Techni-

If this must be done – and the bearing is to

nants trapped in the bearing or housing.

cians can also record the work they have

be re-mounted and re-used – a few things

These could have been introduced during

carried out, to improve the way in which

should be remembered. Firstly, do not hit the

mounting or be residual contaminants from

bearing knowledge is shared across an

bearing rings or any other part directly. Sec-

a previous bearing failure.

organisation.

be transmitted through the rolling elements.

Cylindrical roller bearings can be easily

Once a bearing has been mounted, this

Finally, do not heat the bearing with an open

damaged during assembly. If the shaft is

can be recorded on the app – with details

flame. If a bearing requires heat to be re-

askew during assembly, and not rotated,

including date, specific asset, location

moved, it is better to use heating rings.

the rollers can scratch the raceway of the

and work order. Results can be export-

inner ring. This problem can be avoided by

ed as a PDF, reducing the time needed

Bearing problems

correctly lubricating all components and the

to produce a mounting report. Recording

You know you have a problem when bear-

inner ring when mounting.

these details so efficiently will improve

ondly, do not allow the dismounting force to

ings start showing ‘out of spec’ charac-

maintenance collaboration. This can im-

teristics. These include high temperature,

Mounting help

prove maintenance planning – which ulti-

noisy operation and excessive vibration or

The variety of factors involved in mounting

mately helps to raise asset reliability.

shaft movement. All of these symptoms can

a bearing correctly makes a tool such as

cause damage if left unchecked. All can be

SKF’s Bearing Assist app particularly useful.

Bearing Assist can be downloaded free

caused by incorrect mounting – though oth-

Bearing Assist is a phone app that simplifies

from the Apple and Google stores. In-app

er factors can also be responsible.

the task of mounting and replacing bear-

registration is needed. Log-in details are

ings.

the same as ProCollect and other SKF

One of the main causes of early fatigue

applications.

failure is impact damage during handling,

Firstly, it contains detailed product informa-

mounting, storage or operation. Here, the

tion, including bearing designation and type

Once a bearing has failed, it must be

impact is higher than the material strength,

(including a photograph) and suffix descrip-

fixed – or ideally replaced. There are

which leads to plastic deformation. Damage

tions, plus dimensions and an illustration.

many factors behind mounting a bearing

begins at the point of deformation and ends

It also has mounting instructions, covering

correctly, including choosing the correct

in premature bearing failure.

bearings with a basic design that are includ-

type, using the right tools and lubricant,

ed in the standard assortment. The inclusion

and understanding specification require-

For instance, applying the mounting force

of information such as clearance reduction

ments. Bearing Assist helps technicians

via the outer ring can cause damage to

and drive-up method calculations – and

to mount a new bearing correctly and

the inner ring of a double row angular

recommendations on lubrication – can save

minimise the risk that it will fail in service.

contact ball bearing. The resulting plastic

time and effort when fitting new bearings.

deformation causes equally spaced in-

Bearing Assist, which was developed

www.skf.com

dpaonthenet.net 33

Feature: Winding belts

Seamless winding belts produce paper straws In the manufacture of paper drinking straws, multiple webs of paper are wound around a mandrel by means of a belt

N

itta Industries Europe GmbH introduces its seamless winding belts for manufacturing environmentally friendly drinking straws. The newly developed belt, SE-XA-PGG-F, has a substantially extended lifetime, so does not have to be replaced so often. It is manufactured with FDA rubber, fulfilling the needs of the food and beverage industries.

alternative is paper. Because of mass

developed a seamless belt, ensuring

production and advanced automation,

the highest performance in paper straw

the market price for a plastic straw is well

production. In close cooperation with

below one penny. Alternative materials,

machine manufacturers and following

which demand new production methods

rigorous field and laboratory tests, Nitta’s

and new machinery, entail higher costs.

winding belt, SE-XA-PGG-F, has a unique

However, once they are adopted by the

rubber cover – a compound that meets

market and mass production methods are

the extraction limits specified in the FDA

introduced, the costs of producing paper

21 CFR177.2600 for rubber articles in

straws – and the price for consumers – will

contact with aqueous and fatty foods. The

fall dramatically.

innovation is based on Nitta’s proprietary seamless SEB technology for joint-free

Most manufacturers of paper straws use

belts with no end connection. The belts

In May 2019, The Council of the European

machines in which multiple paper webs

have long service lives with correspond-

Union adopted a directive for reducing sin-

are wound around a mandrel using a belt.

ingly long machine production times, so

gle-use plastic products, including drinking

The drawback is the belt’s very short life-

customers benefit from considerable cost

straws. As over 36 billion plastic straws

time, which can be as short as one day.

savings.

are used every year in the EU, over seven

The downtime for the paper straw ma-

million kilometres of non-recyclable plastic

chinery, due to frequent belt changes,

“For manufacturers of paper drinking

waste is produced. The German Ministry

results in higher production costs com-

straws, the longer service life of the belts

for the Environment confirms that plastic

pared with plastic.

means lower cost of ownership,” says

straws are among the major polluting items

Michael Planz, Sales Manager for Nitta

in the world’s oceans. The industry has un-

Straws have small diameters, resulting in

Industries Europe. “The demand for paper

til 2021 to implement the directive in full.

increased bending for the belt and high

drinking straws is expected to rise dra-

abrasion to the belt surface by the pa-

matically in early 2021, and the produc-

Various renewable alternatives exist, in-

per. Additionally, the belt must cope with

tion capacities currently available will not

cluding bamboo or straw, but these are

a high load from the stationary mandrel

be able to satisfy it. This development will

difficult to standardise and can sometimes

around which the paper is wound during

benefit those businesses which are pre-

create other environmental problems. Mul-

the manufacturing process.

pared to explore new paths with innova-

tiple-use straws for bars and homes, the

tive products and solutions first. Nitta has

use of stainless steel or glass, as well as

The Research and Development Depart-

edible versions made from pasta, are not

ment at the specialist belt manufacturer,

suitable on an industrial scale. One good

Nitta, has taken up this challenge and

34 dpaonthenet.net

just the right belt for this.” https://www.nitta.com/

Buyers Guide: Displays

Geared Motors – 12mm / 90mm dia

Batteries & Chargers

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Fax: 01304 614696

Business Advice Consultants

http://www.mcs-corporate. com

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R&D/Cost Recovery/Patents/ Land Remediation Research and Development Tax Credits Patent Box Land Remediation Claims www.mcs-corporate.com gjw@mcs-corporate.com 10 Station Road Kenilworth CV8 1JJ 01926 512477

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Fasteners & Fixings

• Tappex Thread Inserts Ltd – 60yrs+ of UK manufacturing excellence in Threaded Inserts for Plastics, Composites & Light Metal alloys • Tappex provide an Applications technical service, prototyping and bespoke installation tooling historically across multiple industry sectors: OEM/Automotive/ Medical & Industrial Equipment manufactures • Tappex offer fastening solutions produced from Brass, Steel, Stainless Steels & Titanium inserts with both Metric, Unified and British Standard threads Contact details: Tappex Thread Inserts Ltd Tel: +44 1789 206600 Email: sales@tappex.co.uk; New Website: www.tappex.co.uk

Going beyond IE5:

The gold standard in motor efficiency 22: Cobot safety Safety for robots in collaborative applications

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Andrew Quenault on

September 2020

Lenze in the UK: It’s all about the “Brainware”

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The Engineer’s guide to new products & design ideas

08: Brainware

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7/16/20 10:39 AM

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MVK Fusion – Revolutionary 3-in-1 Module IO-Link valve islands

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Double safety valves IO-Link analog converters

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