Hex 17 11

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Transport Industry 4.0 technology in the hangar Hazardous area classification Points to consider

Fuel storage

Standards

Cybersecurity

Preventing contamination

Trumpism and Brexit

ICS industry collaboration

November 2017

the journal for hazardous area environments

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contents november 2017 Where better to be in late November than in Antwerp, the port city on Belgium’s River Scheldt with a history and culture dating back to the Middle Ages. The city’s Flemish Renaissance architecture is typified by the Grote Markt, a central square in the old town, while at the 17th-century Rubens House, period rooms display works by the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens.

Another reason to visit is to attend PEFTEC at Antwerp Expo on November 29 and 30. This is the indispensable international conference and exhibition for analytical chemists, scientists, process operators, laboratory personnel and environmental managers who work in or around the upstream, downstream, chemical and petrochemical industries. PEFTEC features a high level conference programme, over 80 free to attend technical seminars and an exhibition represented by over 250 Instrument and Service providers.

14 16

Topics and products featured at PEFTEC 2017 will include: Laboratory testing and measurement; Petrochemical analysis; Emissions monitoring in air, water and soil; Portable and field sampling; Reference materials; Oil analysis; Calibration; International and industrial regulation; Standards; Quality assurance and Measurement techniques and technologies.

Fuel conditioning can prevent contamination in the fuel supply, one of the most common reasons for offshore power failure

To crown it all, PEFTEC is hosting the next Hazardex in the Regions event on November 29, where we will be offering a conference programme relevant to those working in hazardous environments. Our topics will include: Effective learning, Functional safety, Cyber risk management, Response to LOPC incidents and much else.

20

See pages 19 and 35 for further details and we look forward to seeing you there! …Alan Franck, Editor, Hazardex Lufthansa is using the latest mobile and beacon technology to capture location, tracking and sensor data across its operations

in this issue 24

News Extra

5

• French nuclear regulator highlights safety problems at La Hague reprocessing plant • Norwegian safety watchdog shuts down Goliat FPSO over potentially faulty Ex motors • PSA data shows no fatal accidents on Norwegian continental shelf in 2016 • Ukraine ammunition depot explosions cause mass evacuation • Shell to acquire electric car charging network • ExxonMobil moves to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas operations • Iranian group suspected of hacking Saudi aviation and petrochemical industries

15

Standards: The start of the IECEx season

16

Polishing diesel fuel in storage tanks reduces offshore risk

20

How mobile and beacon technology is helping Lufthansa’s journey towards Industry 4.0

24

Hazardous area classification: points to consider

30

ICS built-in security in today’s connected enterprise

35

Event previews

• Hazardex in the Regions - 29 November 2017 – Antwerp, Belgium • Petroleum, Refining, Environmental Monitoring Technologies Conference (PEFTEC) – 29 to 30 November 2017 - Antwerp, Belgium • Protecting Critical Energy Infrastructure Against Cyber Attacks - 29 to 30 November 2017 - London, UK

30

With the convergence of information and operational technology, data access needs to be secure down to device level

Datafiles & Buyers Guide

the journal for hazardous area environments

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Transport Industry 4.0 technology in the hangar Hazardous area classification Points to consider

Fuel storage

Standards

Cybersecurity

Preventing contamination

Trumpism and Brexit

ICS industry collaboration

November 2017

36

An area classification plan needs to define and show the volumes where flammable gases can exceed their Lower Flammable Limits

Hazardex is a controlled circulation journal published monthly.

Completed print or online registration forms will be considered for free supply of printed issues, web site access and online services. Annual subscription for non-qualifying readers is UK £84.00, EU €113.00, Airmail £178.00 and single copy price is £17.00 plus P&P.

Hazardex content is the property of the publishers or relevant content providers. The publishers and sponsors of this magazine are not responsible for the results of any actions or omissions taken on the basis of information in this publication. In particular, no liability can be accepted in respect of any claim based on or in relation to material provided for inclusion.

Editor Alan Franck alan.franck@imlgroup.co.uk

Group Publisher Russell Goater russell.goater@imlgroup.co.uk

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A DV E RT I S I N G F E AT U R E

DIRECT ENTRY EX D ENCLOSURES FROM R. STAHL- IDEAL FOR MOTOR STARTERS, TERMINAL BOXES OR CONTROL STATIONS R. STAHL, the pioneers in manufacturing electrical and instrumentation equipment for hazardous areas, has introduced a direct entry Ex d series of enclosures, that are suitable for universal use as a terminal box, local control station, motor starters or control panels.

The 8250 series of direct entry Ex d enclosures are perfect for use in both gas and dust environments in Zone 1, 2, 21 or 22 hazardous areas. For offshore oil and gas installations, the enclosures provide enhanced protection and are certified to ATEX/IECEx IIB+H2 T6…T4 Gb. Op. Temp. Range from -60°C to +70°C and IP66 are other additional features.

Alan Mellows, Managing Director at R. STAHL Limited comments: „Today, the global market for low cost, direct entry Ex d enclosures is extremely competitive but fraught with low

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With the new 8250 series of direct entry Ex d enclosures, our customers will benefit from a competitively priced enclosure that is still manufactured to our own very high quality standards.“ Available in various sizes the 8250 series of direct entry Ex d enclosures is ideal for any hazardous gas or dust application.

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Available in various sizes and with many different equipment options, it’s perfect for any application. With our major production facilities in Germany, Holland and India, plus local assembly around the globe, we’re able to quickly fulfil all orders of any volume. R. STAHL, T +49 7942 943-1000, r-stahl.com/8250

La Hague reprocessing plant - Image: Wikimedia

News Extra

5

French nuclear regulator highlights safety problems at La Hague reprocessing plant A

n impromptu inspection last July by the French nuclear safety authority ASN of the Areva NC-operated

voluntary redundancy plan started in 2015 saw 346 jobs cut at the site as part of a government-led restructuring programme

Areva, which confirmed the incident, said that all units of the plant had appropriate staffing levels in line with safety guidelines.

nuclear reprocessing plant at La Hague in Normandy found that in certain areas, both explosion protection and hydrogen monitoring did not comply

that aims to restore Areva’s financial base.

It said it invested 200 million euros a year to ensure the site’s safety.

On 23 March, Reuters revealed the existence of an unsigned internal memo

ASN said that about five containers

with established safety standards.

La Hague contains the largest amount of radioactive materials on one site in

from the plant’s Committee on Health, Safety and Working Conditions (CHSCT).

The document revealed a list of serious

had not been produced according to specifications, but denied there was a broader safety problem. It said it received

the whole of the EU.

safety problems, with many attributed to “chronic under-staffing”.

the CHSCT note in November and had initiated a site inspection and met with management in December.

The ASN report is dated July 31 and was made available on its website on September 12.

It found that in some work areas, a backup

The CHSCT said there had been instances where the control room contained only one or two staff to carry out the functions that

Areva also announced in October that it planned to dig up 25 sq.m. of earth from a

air supply system designed to dilute the quantities of hydrogen produced from building up to levels where there was an explosion risk did not operate effectively

previously would have required up to six, and that trainees were sometimes used to carry out tasks that would traditionally have been undertaken by experienced specialist

field adjacent to the La Hague plant where small amounts of highly toxic plutonium 239-240 and americium 241 had been detected. The company said the amounts

within the specified time frame.

workers.

It also found a higher than permitted explosion risk from hydrogen buildup in tank domes containing nuclear materials.

There were also corrosion issues across the plant, according to ASN, particularly in pipework.

Amongst the other problems identified, the document said that in late 2016 the plant produced several substandard containers of vitrified high-level radioactive waste.

concerned would not have affected human health, but this has been disputed by local ecological groups.

In its waste processing unit, Areva mixes

ASN director Pierre-Franck Chevet told the press in January 2017 that he considers the general context of nuclear safety in France to be “worrying”. He said

Areva is currently undergoing restructuring after a period of economic difficulties. The La Hague site, which reprocesses fuel from French reactors and those of a number of

calcified nuclear waste with molten glass, which is then poured into stainless steel containers destined for deep geological storage. Hundreds of these 400 - 500 tonne containers are filled every year at La

the industry was in an extremely difficult financial situation and was confronted with very significant challenges. He confirmed that his own organisation was also struggling with lack of financial and human

other countries, currently employs 4,000. A

Hague and stored on-site.

resources.

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News Extra

7

This represents a nonconformity from section 10a of the facilities regulations on ignition source control, see section 78 of the facilities regulations on Atex, see the regulations on equipment and safety systems for use in explosive atmospheres (the Atex regulations).

The PSA regards the nonconformity as serious, and Eni Norge As has been ordered to do as follows: • Complete the systematic survey of potential ignition sources related to electric Ex motors.

Norwegian regulator shuts down Goliat FPSO over potentially faulty Ex motors

T

he Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) has issued an order

• On the basis of the survey, implement the necessary technical, operational and organisational measures to reduce as far as possible the threat of ignition from all faults which represent an ignition source.

Eni and the PSA on October 4, 2017.

The PSA says these activities must be implemented before production resumes

to Eni Norge AS as operator to minimise the ignition threat posed by possible faulty Ex motors on the Goliat field in

A high fault rate with the Ex integrity of the equipment was established through random sampling of reports from Ex inspections of

from the FPSO. Eni has three weeks to lodge a possible appeal against the order.

the Barents Sea. Until the order has been complied with, all production from the Goliat floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) unit must remain

electric motors incorporating an emergency stop arrangement. This also included equipment in hazardous areas. Eni submitted that the total fault rate for the relevant

Located 88 km north-west of Hammerfest

shut down.

Statoil holding the remaining 35%.

The PSA order notice, issued on October 6,

equipment after inspection-related repair was 38%. It further emerged that 3.5% of these represented serious faults in Eni’s own

says: This action follows an audit of electrical safety and the person in charge of the

assessment. The PSA regards these fault rates as high. Eni reported at the meeting that it had investigated about 50% of the

field has been shut down several times for a number of reasons. Earlier this year, the FPSO ceased production on two occasions

electrical facilities at Eni on board the Goliat FPSO from 19-28 September 2017. This audit was followed up by a meeting between

Ex motors at that point. The condition of the Ex motors which had not been inspected is therefore unclear.

to carry out repairs on a damaged offloading hose and for maintenance of the gas compression system.

in the Barents Sea, Goliat is the world’s northernmost offshore oil production facility.

Eni has a 65% interest in the field, with

Since production began in March 2016, the

PSA data shows no fatal accidents on Norwegian continental shelf in 2016

N

o fatal accidents occurred in the PSA’s area of authority on the

injury frequency of 0.46 per million working hours for 2016 is the lowest registered

AD report shows a negative trend in the total number of near misses for the 2014-16

Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) during 2016, but 13 people died on 29 April when a Super Puma helicopter crashed en route from Gullfaks B to Bergen Airport Flesland. This accident

for the last 15 years, while the serious personal injury frequency was below the expected level compared with the 10 preceding years.

period viewed in isolation.

falls within the Norwegian Civil Aviation Authority’s area of responsibility.

The latest report from Norwegian oil and gas safety regulator PSA shows that the number of acute crude oil discharges declined between 2001 and 16, as did near-misses for serious incidents which could have led to such pollution. However, the latest RNNP

and one ranked as very serious. All these incidents were related to production drilling, while none occurred with exploration wells.

The most serious incident involved the Songa Endurance on the Troll field in the autumn of 2016.

A total of 191 reportable personal injuries were registered on the NCS in 2016. Of these, 16 were classified as serious. An

A total of 14 well control incidents were registered in 2016, including 12 in the lowest risk category, one in the medium group

www.hazardexonthenet.net

8

News Extra

the Balakliya facility but Ukrainian soldiers extinguished the subsequent fire before it could take hold.

Ukraine ammunition depot explosions

cause mass evacuation A

large fire at an ammunition depot in central Ukraine triggered a series of massive explosions on September 27,

Ukraine’s president, Petro Poroshenko, called for an urgent meeting of the country’s top officials to discuss the incident. Prime Minister

prompting the evacuation of about 30,000 people. The depot is situated near the town of Kalynivka in Vynnytsya Oblast, 200 km south west of the capital, Kiev. During the night, a military base near the ammunition dump caught fire, causing officials to shut

Volodymyr Groysman said the cause was due to “external factors”. A spokesperson for the Ukrainian Security Service told Unian news that the fire was being treated as a deliberate case of sabotage.

off the facility’s electricity and gas supply.

This latest incident comes just seven months after a similar incident in Balakliya near

Airspace around the site was closed and train traffic diverted. According to the Defence Ministry, 83,000 tonnes of

Kharkiv, Ukraine. The March 23 munitions blast prompted the evacuation of 20,000 people—an incident later blamed on a

munitions were kept at the depot including rockets, tank and artillery shells.

Russian drone attack. In December 2015, drones dropped 14 thermite grenades on

Two other attacks on ammo dumps took place in February 2017 and in October 2015, an explosion at an ammo dump in Svatovo storing 3,000 tonnes of munitions damaged 1,700 nearby homes.

Ukraine and Russia are currently embroiled in a bitter border dispute that, in addition to these alleged attacks of sabotage, has seen targeted cyberattacks on Ukraine’s power grid.

Prosecutors have launched an investigation into the Vynnytsya blaze. Chief military prosecutor Anatoly Matios told journalists that the site’s alarm system was out of order and its security team lacked sufficient manpower and up-to-date equipment. Security staff were poorly paid and mostly elderly, he said.

Ukraine’s military capabilities had been seriously affected by the destruction of ammunition depots over the last two years, Matios said.

News Extra

9

Shell expects around a quarter of the world’s car fleet to be electric by 2040.

Oil companies are increasingly aware of the threat to their traditional business and are positioning themselves to take advantage of the trend. BP said in August it was in talks with electric vehicle makers about partnering to offer charging stations at its retail sites. And in September, NewMotion signed a deal with Total to allow the French oil company’s customers access to its electric vehicle charging network.

Shell to acquire electric car charging network

R

oyal Dutch Shell has announced it will acquire NewMotion, which has one of the largest electric vehicle charging

other is a slightly slower rate of charge at the workplace or at home. At this stage there are no plans to integrate the two,” Shell’s vice-

networks in the EU. The Amsterdam-based company manages over 30,000 charging points across Western Europe and has more than 100,000 registered charge card users, offering access to its own charging points as well as another 50,000 partner locations.

president for new fuels, Matthew Tipper, told journalists.

This will operate in parallel to Shell’s programme

Demand for electric vehicles is expected to rise

of rolling out fast charging points on its forecourts.

significantly in coming decades and Morgan Stanley estimates that 1-3 million public charging points could be needed in Western

The government said the money would be spent “supporting the take-up of ultra low-emission vehicles, including helping consumers to overcome

“They are complementary offers. One is fast charging on the go on the forecourt and the

Europe by 2030. Currently, there are fewer than 100,000.

the upfront cost of an electric car,” but did not provide details of how the scheme would work.

In a parallel development, the British Government announced it would spend one billion pounds to promote electric and other lowemission vehicles, as part of plans to invest 2.5 billion pounds by 2021 to help meet its climate change targets. In July, the government said it would ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2040.

Shell is installing electric vehicle charging points at retail stations in Britain, the Netherlands, Norway and the Philippines.

Ensuring process availability.

Providing flexibility.

Challenging expectations.

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10 News Extra

ExxonMobil moves to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas operations O

n September 25, ExxonMobil announced a program to reduce

using similar designs for new and existing central tank batteries and satellites, to reduce

and the Environmental Defense Fund.

methane emissions from its production and midstream facilities across the United States. The program will prioritise

the potential for methane emissions.

XTO’s efforts also include research

It is also involved in ongoing methane research, including participation in a methane measurement reconciliation study with the

actions at sites operated by shale subsidiary XTO Energy and includes efforts to develop and deploy new, more efficient technologies to detect and

conducted with ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company and third-party equipment manufacturers to continue development of more efficient, state-of-

Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and in supporting research currently underway at Harvard, the University of Texas Energy Initiative, and

reduce facility emissions.

Stanford University’s Natural Gas Initiative.

“We are implementing an enhanced leak

the-art equipment to detect, quantify and reduce emissions at production sites.

These research efforts build on an extensive

detection and repair program across our production and midstream sites to continually reduce methane emissions, and are also

portfolio of more than two dozen existing methane research projects and pilots already under way.

the federal government have been moving to dismantle methane-monitoring rules put in place by the Obama administration,

evaluating opportunities to upgrade facilities and improve efficiency at both current and future sites,” said XTO president Sara Ortwein.

Earlier this year, ExxonMobil, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,

although the Republican-controlled Congress has voted to protect some of those same rules. Exxon is also facing scrutiny from

and others evaluated the use of aircraftmounted leak detection surveys to guide equipment repair, and continue to assess

state attorneys general who claim that the company may have misled investors on the nature and urgency of global climate change

the use of satellite, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and mobile and groundbased technologies to refine the company’s methane monitoring.

caused by carbon emissions.

“Our comprehensive initiative is underscored by a technology research and testing effort, and includes personnel training, equipment phase out and facility design improvements.”

The program includes a commitment to phase out high-bleed pneumatic devices over three years, extensive personnel training, research, and facility design improvements for new operations.

“Combining our field experience with the research capabilities at ExxonMobil Upstream Research provides us with unique insights

This news comes as various agencies in

Furthermore, the company faced an investor vote, albeit a non-binding one, earlier this year that resulted in 62.3% of investors expressing their desire for Exxon to conduct an annual risk review of climate change on the company’s business.

XTO recently completed a pilot project in the Midland Basin that tested new low-emission designs that use compressed air instead of natural gas to operate pneumatic equipment that helps regulate conditions such as level,

as we look to develop and deploy new, more efficient technologies,” Ortwein said.

The company has in the past supported research into the magnitude and

According to ExxonMobil performance data, methane emissions in 2016 totalled 7 million CO2-equivalent tonnes, a figure that has more than doubled in the last 10 years.

flow, pressure and temperature. The results successfully demonstrated the feasibility of

characteristics of oil and gas industry-related methane emissions by the University of Texas

Methane emissions represent approximately 6% of its direct greenhouse gas emissions.

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News Extra 13

Iranian group suspected of hacking Saudi

aviation and petrochemical industries A

new report by FireEye, a cybersecurity firm, claims that a group of hackers targeting the aviation

There is also evidence to link the attacks to the Nasr Institute, a suspected Iranian government hacking organisation.

According to a report in Ars Technica, a European petroleum company was also targeted in this attack.

and petrochemical industries in Saudi Arabia, the US and South Korea, is suspected of working in Iran for its government. Stuart Davis, a director at

Iran is believed to be behind the spread of Shamoon in 2012, which hit Saudi Aramco and Qatari natural gas producer RasGas. The

Researchers from Moscow-based antivirus provider Kaspersky Lab said the new version, which includes specific wiping malware it

one of FireEye’s subsidiaries, briefed journalists on the report in Dubai on September 20.

virus deleted hard drives and then displayed a picture of a burning American flag on computer screens. Saudi Aramco ultimately

dubbed ‘StoneDrill’, had an impressive ability to evade detection.

shut down its network and destroyed over 30,000 computers.

“The discovery of the StoneDrill wiper in Europe is a significant sign that the group is expanding its destructive attacks outside

that could have been used to destroy the computers it infected, similar to two other Iran-attributed cyberattacks targeting Saudi

A second version of Shamoon infected Saudi government computers in late 2016 and early 2017, with suspicion again falling

the Middle East,” Kaspersky Lab researchers wrote in a report published earlier this year.

“The target for the attack appears to be a

Arabia in 2012 and 2016 that destroyed systems.

on Iran. Saudi state-run Al Ekhbariya TV reported that 15 government agencies and organisations had been affected.

large corporation with a wide area of activity in the petrochemical sector, with no apparent connection or interest in Saudi Arabia.”

The victims reportedly included Sadara, a joint venture between Michigan-based Dow Chemical and Saudi Aramco.

The hackers remained inside of the systems of those affected for four to six months

Reuters added: “Other companies in Jubail, the hub of the Saudi petrochemicals industry, also experienced network disruptions, according to sources who

Like the Shamoon strain from 2012, the newer version unobtrusively burrows into a targeted network so that attackers can obtain administrator credentials. Shamoon 2.0 allows the attackers to build a custom wiper that uses the credentials to spread widely inside the organisation. Then, on a set date, the wiper activates and leaves the infected

at a time, able to steal data and leaving behind the malware that FireEye refers to as Shapeshift. The coding contains Farsilanguage references, the official language of Iran, FireEye said.

were not authorised to publicly discuss the matter. Those companies sought to protect themselves from the virus by shutting down their networks, said the sources, who declined to identify specific firms.”

machines completely inoperable. The final stages of the attacks are automated, a feature that eliminates the need for communication with command-and-control servers.

Kaspersky Lab researchers still do not know

The report said the suspected Iranian hackers left behind a new type of malware

FireEye said the hackers used phishing email attacks with fake job opportunities to gain access to the companies affected, faking domain names to make it look like the messages came from Boeing or other defence contractors.

how StoneDrill spreads.

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Standards 15

Trumpism and Brexit – a challenge to the ethos of the IEC Ron Sinclair MBE gives his perspective on the latest developments in the world of standards

There has been considerable discussion over the past years about the efficacy of the IECEx Conformity Mark Licensing

provide repair and refurbishment services to IEC 60079-19 is now a comparatively mature scheme. The inspection scheme

System. Everybody should be familiar with the IECEx logo, the two blue squares that always appear together on official IECEx documents, and which can be used, under certain conditions, to advertise certified products for sale.

provides a lot more scope for service companies specialising in a related activity.

The IECEx Conformity Mark, although similar in some respects, includes the

In the scheme for Certification of Personnel Competence, there was a great debate about the pass mark level in the examinations. This has now been set at 75%, but with the addition that the actual mark that was achieved is

Management Committee meeting in Washington at the end of September.

manufacturer’s license number and is intended to form part of the marking of the equipment. The conditions of use are

visible on the certificate web site, by looking at the summary of the Personal Competence Assessment Report (PCAR).

Towards the end of his address, he was speaking about how international standards and international certification

much more restrictive, than for the logo, and surveillance of the manufacturer, related to those conditions, creates an

This will enable potential employers to select people with just a bare pass, or to select people with a higher pass mark,

schemes were a positive force for maintaining stability in the world, as all parties could sign up to a common aim.

additional expense. There has been a very low rate of take up from manufacturers, so most people have not yet seen equipment

depending on the complexity of the task that will be assigned to them. This will not be made retrospective, but candidates

However, he saw the current political climate as deviating from that goal, actually singling out the forces behind Trumpism

bearing the License Mark. There are views that the scheme should be scrapped, as the market, generally, has not shown an

sitting examinations from now on will have their marks displayed. 75% may not seem a high mark, but remember that, unlike

and Brexit as being dangers to a true international market, as envisaged by the IEC.

interest, but also a contrary view that use of the mark should be made compulsory.

It was agreed that the IEC legal department be approached, to see if the conditions of use could be made more user friendly, before taking a final decision.

certain other schemes, IECEx divorces the examination from any training, so that the candidate is not just having a test of short term memory.

A

good headline, but the words spoken by James Shannon (President of the IEC) require a context. He was giving his introductory address to the IECEx

Washington proved an ideal venue for the meetings, and our hosts, the US national committee for IECEx, looked after us very well.

About the author In my role as chair of the IECEx Certified Service Facilities Committee, I introduced

All IEC Conformity Assessment Systems (IECEx, IECEE, IECQ and IECRE) now work to the same basic rules, published as IEC CA 01, but have their own supplements to amend the common

some changes to the existing scheme.

The most important, going forward, is to include the initial inspection requirements from IEC 60079-14 in the same certification module as the

basic rules to meet the needs of the stakeholders in each system. This should ensure, as far as possible, that users of more than one system feel comfortable with the experience. We agreed some minor changes to the IECEx Supplement.

on-going inspection and maintenance requirements of IEC 60079-17. A new high level document IECEx 03-4 was approved to confirm this, plus a number of related Operational Documents. These are available to download from the IECEx web site. Certification of service facilities which

SGS Baseefa Technical Manager Ron Sinclair MBE is chairman of BSI Committee EXL/31, responsible for the UK input to both European and International standards for Electrical Equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. He is chairman of Cenelec TC31, represents electrical standardisation interests on the European Commission’s ATEX Standing Committee and chairs the IECEx Service Facility Certification Committee.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

16 Fuel conditioning

Polishing diesel fuel in storage tanks reduces offshore risk W

orking in some of the harshest

Among the most common reasons for

petrodiesel and 7% biodiesel, with plans for

environments in the world, offshore oil and gas personnel rely on effective power supplies not just to

power failure is contamination in the fuel supply. With the potential for high costs not just in terms of lives but also loss of revenue

the latter to increase further in the not too distant future.

carry out their day to day roles and support the machinery they operate but also to protect them from potentially life threatening incidents.

should assets be forced into shutdown, the secret to negating this risk unsurprisingly lies in regular maintenance and conditioning.

To successfully reduce emissions, the biodiesel of choice is fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). While this is good news for the

Imagine the consequences for a crane operator moving a heavy container from a supply vessel onto a platform in high winds.

If power to the crane fails and the pressure on the boom becomes too much, there is huge injury risk to personnel from a dropped object incident.

Similarly, if a small fire breaks out and the pumps have no power to extinguish the flames, a seemingly controllable incident could quickly escalate into a serious life threatening situation and major environmental risk.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Changes to diesel fuel legislation In 2011, the introduction of a new European directive saw a significant development with the inclusion of biofuels in diesel products in order to reduce the effect of emissions on the environment.

air we breathe, it accelerates the rate at which fuel deteriorates and it is now widely recognised that, if stored under normal conditions, fuel will remain useable for just six months to a year, making maintenance programmes an essential factor in ensuring the safe running of power systems.

This meant the fuel type used to power systems both on and offshore had to be changed from petrodiesel to a blend including biodiesel, allowing the impact of

Prior to this change in legislation, fuel could be stored for as long as 20 years with only some cases requiring fuel conditioning. This would typically be where the diesel was stored in a stationary tank and left stagnant

atmospheric emissions to be significantly reduced. The current composition is 93%

over a period of time resulting in its chemical base layers separating out.

Fuel conditioning 17

Fuel filters and injectors can also become clogged as a result of solid particulates.

This type of contamination can appear in the shape of sand and grit from poorly sealed air vents, or rust from deteriorating tank surfaces, especially as many assets are now decades old with years of marine growth inside them.

Once these particulates form within the tank and the filters become blocked, injectors will cease to operate effectively and generators may cease to work. Modern fuel injection systems operate at pressures This is an issue because biodiesel naturally attracts and holds water molecules from its surrounding environment. This hygroscopic quality causes the most trouble, as it can corrode engine components, encourage acid build up and reduce lubrication.

And it is virtually impossible to prevent water

in excess of 35,000 psi as opposed to 15 years ago where injection pressures rarely exceeded 3,000 psi. At high pressures any microscopic particles can cause accelerated wear to fuel system components.

Fuel polishing versus filtration

from entering into the supply. It can access a fuel tank in a number of ways, such as the delivery of contaminated diesel from a supplier, condensation collecting inside storage tanks or vessels, and rain water entering through hatches or enclosures and being washed down through breathers or vents.

As well as water contaminating fuel, it is also the primary stimulant in other particulates forming in diesel.

At an operational level, this didn’t pose much of an issue as older engines were less sensitive to contaminated particles and would generally continue running

Diesel bug – also known as microbial growth – occurs when bacteria feeds on the hydrocarbons in the fuel, multiplying in the

despite the condition of the liquid coming through its injectors.

water. As the bug grows it develops into a planktonic form eventually appearing as a biofilm. This can get sucked into the engine causing filters to become blocked and

While the evolution of technology has created smarter, more efficient engines, it has also increased sensitivity to particulates in biofuel. As a result, operators must be increasingly savvy when it comes to the priority they give to fuel storage and maintenance.

Water contamination

injectors to suffer damage.

These organisms can include yeast, moulds and bacteria, and develop at the interface of water and fuel. They also thrive in conditions where they are left undisturbed and can continue to multiply.

There are several contaminates that affect fuel heading towards injectors and water is the root cause of them all. To meet the current European standard, fuel must contain no more than 200 parts per million

Symptoms to look out for when fuel is spoiled include slime formation on filters, poor engine starts, smoking and in the worst case scenarios, a lack of power to external equipment. An acrid sulphuric acid (bad egg)

of water.

smell can also usually be detected.

Fuel conditioning stages The maintenance and conditioning of fuel is often overlooked, with operators opting to replace or add extra filtration systems instead of regularly testing and cleaning the diesel. And while investing in new kit may seemingly be a quick fix, it can run into hundreds of thousands of pounds for new fuel pumps, injectors and flush tanks.

Moreover accessing the necessary spares within the tight timescales required to keep operations working can prove challenging.

The predominance of fuel contamination has also prompted many engine manufacturers to void warrantees if damage has been caused by dirty fuel, making equipment failure a very expensive business if replacing like-for-like is your go-to consideration.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

18 Fuel conditioning However, fuel preservation – filtration and critically, fuel polishing - vastly

and rust. The buggy circulates the fuel in the tank as many times as necessary

improves the reliability of the diesel and consequently the longevity of equipment.

depending on how dirty it is. By moving the contents around, it prevents dirty fuel or water chambers collecting in the dormant areas of the tank. This approach to the fuel cleaning process expunges particulates and water more thoroughly

The health of fuel will vary from tank to tank but filtration systems will only clean diesel as it passes through to the generator. Removing particulates will go a long way to maintaining the diesel but it won’t address any underlying issues.

For example, removing diesel bug as it travels through the filter doesn’t prevent more from growing; you have to remove

than a typical single-pass filtration system.

the water from the tank to prevent the microbial growth in the first place.

This process, known as fuel polishing, is best carried out within the fuel tank.

This allows contaminants and water to

contamination, it not only prevents the filtration systems from becoming overwhelmed, it avoids injector systems from clogging, allowing generators to offer power and ultimately ensures operations remain incident free.

be continuously removed and ensures the tank stays clean, prohibiting the

No operator wants to see diesel issues

opportunity for the fuel to degrade.

Fuel polishing buggies can successfully remove particles such as dirt, sand, soot

Fuel contaminants never sleep By attacking the root cause of fuel

compromise workforce safety, damage assets or halt production. To avoid this, a regular fuel maintenance programme is a vital element in keeping clean fuel flowing and generating power.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

About the author

Barry Park is the founder and managing director of OEM Group which provides diesel engine services, spare part procurement and fuel conditioning for the oil & gas, marine and energy sectors. The company employees 30 people in offices in the UK, Australia and the United Arab Emirates.

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20 Transport

Case study: How the latest localisation beacon technology is helping Lufthansa’s journey towards Industry 4.0 M

any businesses have yet to take the first steps towards the full

potential of expanded organisational information flowing from the new technologies we group together under the Industry 4.0 / Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) banner.

Others, however, have started on this journey and are reaping the rewards in terms of improved efficiency and reduced costs.

everyday practice is a challenge”, says Dr. Holger Schlüter, Associate Director IIoT/Industry 4.0 at the airline’s IT subsidiary, Lufthansa Industry Solutions. “Independent of their industry, businesses share the same challenge: they must design their entire value chain to reduce costs while simultaneously increasing productivity and efficiency. The management, tracking and localisation of assets plays an important role in this.”

“We see ourselves as a ‘hinge’ between business and technology,” Schlüter says.

Lufthansa Industry Solutions needed to integrate the new solution into its Industry 4.0 portfolio incorporating high precision, low battery consumption, certified explosion protection and integration within an overall digitisation strategy.

One such is German airline Lufthansa, which has integrated the

The company therefore set out to find solutions that would cover the wide range

After looking at the options available on the market, Lufthansa finally decided to team up with ecom, part of the Pepperl + Fuchs Group. The ecom

latest mobile and beacon technology to capture location, tracking and sensor data from the people, assets and systems within its operations.

of operational circumstances experienced in the airline’s daily operations and which would also have to be suitable for hazardous areas, key environments within any airline’s operations.

range of explosion-proof, wirelessly interlinked products, including beacons, smartphones, tablets and peripherals, as well as apps and software, was deemed the most likely to deliver the benefits

“Translating technical progress into

www.hazardexonthenet.net

identified by the company.

Transport 21 Beacon technology

Due to the energysaving nature of the Bluetooth Low Energy beacons, a battery change – even at the highest transmission power – is only necessary after several years of operation

This forms the basis of the new system.

In addition, the beacons do not strain the

option to collect data from assets and connect them to back-end systems, which is unique in the market,” Schlüter says.

temperature or fill level, and even respond to events such as keystroke, brightness, shock or positional change.

Another key element is the real-time localisation system, specifically developed

Apart from spatial information, additional information about local process

device, so the desired object can be more easily identified. The Quuppa Intelligent Locating System, which uses angleof-arrival technology, is employed. The horizontal and vertical angles between the locators and the beacons are determined

for the accurate close range localisation of objects. By attaching small Bluetooth

parameters is transferred in real time.

The Bluetooth 4.1 standard ensures that

simultaneously. A two-dimensional localisation with an accuracy within a

beacons, assets become intelligent, localisable objects, which can provide a wide range of information, such as

the beacons are compatible with both generally available and hazardous area explosion-proof tablets and smartphones.

few centimetres is possible with only one locator. At least two beacons are required for a localisation in 3D space.

The fundamental building blocks of the new system are ecom’s Loc-Ex 01 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for hazardous areas (ATEX/IECEx Zone 1) and Loc 01 HC & Loc 01 SC beacons for non-hazardous areas.

“With Loc-Ex 01 BLE beacons we are on the safe side. Common localisation solutions are often restricted to location data. The ecom beacons, on the other hand, provide an exceptionally costeffective and largely maintenance-free

company WLAN or take up any of the limited number of IP addresses by using Bluetooth and only transmitting the data to the backend system at a central location.

“We can configure our Loc 01 and LocEx 01 BLE beacons specifically to our customers’ needs,” says Paulo Jorge de Almeida, System Engineer Mobile Computing at ecom. “The Bluetooth beacons can control devices through the built-in back channel or act as a signalling

www.hazardexonthenet.net

22 Transport Key benefits The beacon technology offers Lufthansa

Indoor and outdoor operation

Industry Solutions distinct advantages.

Compared to other geo-location technologies, the beacons provide a high degree of precision and accuracy along all three axes. Due to a relatively long range of up to 300 metres in open

Since tracking by GPS inside buildings is difficult due to obstruction of the required satellite signal, an alternative technology is necessary for indoor localisation.

Bluetooth beacons have an interior range of approximately 10 to 30 metres. Thus

space, the costs for monitoring large areas can be kept low and the desired localisation accuracy can be varied by the number of locators installed. In addition, neighbourhood relations and alarms can be defined, for example, if dangerous

it is possible to locate a person quickly, with the number of beacons required depending on the area in question and the desired accuracy of the location to be reached.

themselves as an accepted asset tracking and localisation solution in hazardous areas that can also be integrated into any system. And when it came to adapting to specific requirements, ecom advised us comprehensively and provided us

goods are at risk of collision or stored side by side. Also the insensitivity to signal strength fluctuations is a significant advantage over conventional Bluetoothbased localisation technologies.

The signal transmitted by the beacons can be received by a suitable software app installed on the mobile device of the mobile worker. This allows the distance to the beacon to be calculated. As soon as the mobile worker is within reach of a

with various well thought-out customised solutions”, says Lufthansa Industry Solutions’ Dr. Holger Schlüter.

Another advantage is low battery consumption. Due to the energy-saving

second or further beacon, the location can be determined relatively precisely,

nature of the Bluetooth Low Energy beacons, a battery change – even at the highest transmission power – is only necessary after several years of operation.

depending on the location method. Even three-dimensional positioning is possible with Bluetooth beacons. That is to say, it is also possible to specify the floor on which

Applications, which have the ability to be beacon powered, have minimal impact on the devices’ battery life. Mobile apps can

a person or object is situated and can be forwarded to the central navigation system of the control centre.

also pick up beacon signals on which a stable Internet connection is not available and store data locally on the device. When

Conclusion

re-accessing the corporate network, the backend system is immediately updated.

locating, tracking and managing businesscritical assets, and can combine digital

and physical data into a single, unified business intelligence unit.

“Even though only a high-level reference architecture exists for the Industrial Internet of Things and there is as yet no industry standard, the Loc-Ex 01 BLEBeacons from ecom have established

About the author

Bluetooth beacons are perfect for

Paulo Jorge de Almeida, System Engineer Mobile Computing at ecom, is a specialist in application engineering consulting. He supports customers in the integration of hardware and software products as well as the field service in the evaluation, development and processing of requirements specifications.

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24 Hazardous area classification

Hazardous area classification:

points to consider A

Methodology

gas atmosphere is or may be expected to be present, in quantities such as to require special precautions for the

described in steps, as follows: 1) Define the standard that will be used as basis;

Documentation

construction, installation and use of equipment.

2) Obtain pertinent information, e.g., process flow diagrams, material safety data sheets, processes data sheets and

The area classification documents must be reliable, as they will be used as reference not only for equipment selection, but also

The primary objective of an area classification plan is to define and show the volumes where the concentration of flammable gases can exceed their

updated plot plan; 3) Identify and assess all continuous, primary and secondary sources and their interactions with the local ventilation;

for developing operational, maintenance and safety procedures.

Lower Flammable Limits (LFL), which will allow the selection of the adequate explosion protection types for all electrical and electronic equipment to be installed without compromising the plant’s safety.

4) Define the boundaries of each Zone and plot them on appropriate drawings (which must include plot plans and elevation views).

This paper, by Brazilian area

The definitions of classified area extents for gas explosive atmospheres can be developed using the following methods:

Oil, Gas and Petrochemical industries in the nineties, and revealed that regarding area classification documents: 1) 20% of designers used just a text description; 2) 20% failed to mention the gas group; 3) 25% included the recommended temperature class for electrical and

classification consultant Estellito Rangel Junior, discusses some precautions to be taken when classifying hazardous locations, when using US sources such as API RP-505,

1) Direct example - applicable to standardised installations such as vehicle refuelling stations. Care should be taken to ensure that the same products and conditions of the plant under consideration

electronic equipment to be installed i n the area; 4) The reliability of these documents was assigned a rating of 6, 10 being the highest rating.

hazardous location is designated as any location in which an explosive

as well as IEC documents.

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The area classification assessment can be

are the same of the example;

2) Gas dispersion theory - considering the plant process data, what is emphasised in IEC 60079-10-1 ed. 2.0.

A survey was carried out in the American

Hazardous area classification 25

It is a point of concern that in many companies the area classification drawings are not updated. The same documents issued in the early design stage were kept unchanged for 20 years or even more, and this situation can compromise the plant’s safety.

Reference documents If the area classification drawings do not

Fig. 1 - API RP-500: 1957 - figure 3 - “Process area with restricted ventilation”

reflect the current installation details, and the extent of the classified areas was defined by direct reproduction of the figures found in American documents such as API RP500/505 without any justification, they cannot be considered as reliable. Such documents are not “standards”, but “Recommended practices”, which is to say they are considered only as guides that require the application of sound engineering judgment.

So, in a real plant the classified areas’ extents may vary from the figures’ examples in RP-500/505, depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. It is important to clarify that just reproducing such examples can compromise the plant safety.

Fig. 2 - API RP 500: 2012 - figure 22 – “Inadequately ventilated process location with heavier than air gas or vapor source”

API RP-500 was firstly issued in 1951, when computational resources were not easily available, with the objective to show some area classification extents adopted by some petroleum companies. The second edition, in 1957, received more “reference figures”,

The current API RP-500 edition kept as figure 22 the same illustration, shown above.

as shown in Fig. 1.

with judgment, with consideration given to all factors discussed in the text. In some instances, greater or lesser distances may be justified”.

Additionally, it is important to note that the classified area extents have not been imposed in this document to be used for whichever gas is processed in the plant, as we know that different gases have different

But what does “typical refinery installations”

LFLs, and consequently the classified area extents are not equal.

Note 1 under that figure was: “Distances given are for average refinery installations; they must be used with judgment, with consideration given to all factors discussed in RP-500”.

The API RP 500: 2012 Note 2 under figure 22 is: “Distances given are for typical refinery installations; they must be used

mean? As the figures are the same, can

one say that a 1957 “typical refinery” had the same characteristics and products of a 2017 installation, despite many improvements and process changes since then? Unfortunately, no.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

26 Hazardous area classification Therefore, just copying and pasting such example figures into an area classification plan cannot be correct.

Today’s process plants are larger and more complex, using new chemical products and equipment. It is well known that changes in the product mix or introduction of new flammable materials into a plant can drastically change the classified area extents, as can be foreseen when using area classification software.

Mathematical models Area classification software uses mathematical models based on the estimated media flow through specially designed openings to ensure the maximum flow rate with minimal energy. These models are developed under the discipline of Fluid Dynamics.

The extent of hazardous areas also depends on the wind speed in the vicinity of the sources of release and the ventilation availability. For these estimates, some equations are valid for outdoors with wind

Fig. 3 - Isopentane’s LFL concentration extent due to a leakage @ 30oC at 1m height, in metres more adequate models and this can lead to discussions with clients, as the latter usually require to “follow the standard”.

for use in Zone 2 can be used in Zone 1 locations, but, considering that the prime objective of using Ex equipment in hazardous locations is to avoid

in Annex B that can be used in particular conditions, and as highlighted on B.7.2.1 “the equations and assessment methodologies

Another concern is that persons without the due knowledge may use the suggested equations in inappropriate conditions.

explosions, it is not reasonable to use such EPL “underrating” to allow foreseen “small explosions”. As it is well known,

presented in this clause are not intended to be applicable to all installations and only apply to the limited conditions noted in each

The current IEC 60079-10-1 ed. 2 also states in its sub clause 4.3 that “a risk

“small explosions” can lead to tragedies due to the domino effect, and considering that there is no proven way to predict

section”. In Annex C, a ventilation guidance is presented, also giving some equations applied for natural ventilation.

assessment may be carried out to assess whether the consequences of ignition of an explosive atmosphere requires the

the consequences of an explosion, this “underrating” cannot be considered as a safe alternative.

There is a concern regarding the promotion of mathematical equations in the text

use of equipment of a higher equipment protection level (EPL) or may justify the use of equipment with a lower equipment protection level than normally required”.

It is interesting to show that gas dispersion is affected by the process temperature.

A simulation was made with isopentane

speed between 0.5 and 2 m/s.

IEC 60079-10-1 ed. 2.0 gives some equations

of standards because by concept, the standard’s objective is to define the minimum requirements for a given product or service.

Experienced professionals might prefer to use

This statement can be interpreted to mean that equipment only approved

at the same pressure, but at three temperatures: 30oC, 90oC and 120oC. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the height of the plume on vertical axes in metres until the LFL is achieved, and the horizontal distance from the source of release (at 1 m height), is also shown in metres on horizontal axes.

This simulation alerts us to the fact that the area classification cannot be made by simple reproduction of “example figures”, because the influences of temperature are not addressed in them.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Hazardous area classification 27

atmospheres can form “trails” and migrate over considerable distances, resulting in a shape considerably different from the “example figures”.

Warning signs An item that contributes to plant safety and also helps the inspection activity is the signalisation of hazardous locations.

The location of each warning sign can be indicated on the area classification drawings, in order to alert workers that perform services in industrial plants. Fig. 6 shows a distinctive sign for classified areas, already in use by some oil & gas companies.

Fig. 4 - Isopentane’s LFL concentration extent due to a leakage @ 90oC, 1 m height, in metres

Fig. 6 - An effective classified area warning sign With a clear and simple design that follows ISO recommendations, it has the “Ex” inside a yellow triangle over a red colour background and shows the zone, the gas group and the temperature class of permitted electrical and electronic equipment to be used in a particular classified area.

It provides important information not only for maintenance workers, but also for safety officers and installation inspectors.

The referenced area classification drawing number is also indicated on the sign, making it easier for the user to get additional information.

Conclusions It is known that the most common

Fig 5 - Isopentane’s LFL concentration extent due to a leakage @ 120oC, 1 m height, in metres For atmospheric releases, the volume of the explosive atmosphere is a balance between the rate of vaporisation (dependent on volatility, i.e. flash point and boiling point of liquids), and the rate of dilution (ventilation).

Where the gas/vapour is heavier than air, it

is established that the explosive atmosphere may collect in hollows and enclosures, taking on the size and shape of the containing structure.

On rare, windless days, explosive

characteristic found in area classification drawings is the reproduction of generic figures presented in some reference documents as “examples”. Although these documents express in many parts of their texts that it is necessary to consider the real conditions of the plant under study and not only the “example figures”, there is a misconception that such figures can be used as a “cookbook”, which could allow persons with no experience to “quickly” create area classification drawings, just by reproducing them.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

28 Hazardous area classification In fact, IEC 60079-10-1 ed. 2.0 says in Annex K: “where examples from industry codes or national standards are used, then they shall be quoted as the basis for classification and not IEC 60079-10-1”.

This highlights that each industry code or company specification is based upon a particular approach to area classification and these approaches may vary. So, if a particular plant was classified just mixing information from different codes without considering the real process data, such area classification plans cannot be considered as reliable.

Considering that IEC 60079-10-1 ed. 2.0 shows many equations taken from Fluid Dynamics discipline, it is important to say that area classification should not be the responsibility of a sole electrical professional. To be reliable, the area classification assessment should be created by a group consisting of process engineers, safety professionals and plant operators, considering all the relevant process data.

References [1] IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: General requirements, ed. 2013.

[2] API RP-500, Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical installations at petroleum facilities classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2, Edition 3, 2012.

[3] API RP-505, Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical installations at petroleum facilities classified as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2, 2012.

[4] Estellito Rangel Jr., “Brazil moves from Divisions to Zones”, in IEEE PCIC Conference Record 2002, New Orleans, USA. [5] R. J. Buschart, “Electrical area classification drawings - a comparison”, in IEEE PCIC Conference Record 1995, Denver, USA. [6] API RP-500, Recommended practice for classification of areas for electrical installations in petroleum refineries, Edition 2, API: 1957.

[7] NI-2706, Presentation of the area classification plan, Petrobras: 2007, Brasil.

[8] Estellito Rangel Jr., Aurélio Luiz and Hilton Madureira, “Area classification is not a copy and paste process”, in: IEEE PCIC Conference Record 2014, San Francisco, USA. [9] A. Bozek and V. Rowe, “Flammable mixture analysis for hazardous area classification”, in IEEE PCIC Conference Record 2008, Cincinnatti, USA.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

[10] R. Tommasini, E. Pons, “Classification of hazardous areas produced by maintenance interventions on NG distribution networks and in presence of open surface of flammable liquid”, in IEEE PCIC Conference Record 2011, Toronto, Canada.

[11] IEC 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 10-1: Classification of areas – Explosive gas atmospheres. Edition 2.0. IEC: 2015.

[12] Estellito Rangel Jr. and C. Sanguedo, “International standards on explosive atmospheres: harmonization is a hard but necessary task”, in VIII PCIC Europe Conference Record 2011, Rome, Italy.

[13] A. H. Otsuka, “Quantitative analysis of classified areas extent”, UFS, Brasil, 2011.

[14] Webber, D. M., et al., Ventilation theory and dispersion modelling applied to hazardous area classification, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2011.

[15] T. Rains and B. Satavalekar, “Harmonizing ventilation requirements for indoor lighter than air hazardous atmospheres”, in IEEE PCIC Conference Record 2010, San Antonio, USA. [16] Estellito Rangel Jr., “Assessment and definition of classified locations using international standards”, in VIII ENASSMA National Conference on Health, Safety and Environment 2001, Florianópolis, Brasil.

About the author

Estellito Rangel Junior is an electrical engineer and an area classification senior consultant at ABPA (Brazilian Association for the Prevention of Accidents), with more than 30 years’ experience of risk assessment and design of electrical systems for the oil and gas industry.

He was also a member of the IEC MT60079-10 working group.

Award nominations closing soon, have you entered

First conference papers announced, early-bird delegate offers now available

The 2018 Hazardex International Conference and Exhibition will be taking place once again at the Holiday Inn Hotel in Runcorn, Cheshire, UK, on February 28 and March 1.

The two-day Conference & Exhibition, which also includes workshops, a networking dinner and awards ceremony, aims to strengthen and expand the community that looks to the Hazardex website and journal for industry intelligence and information.

We are pleased to announce the key note presentation will be a joint paper from the UK HSE and National Cyber Security Centre titled ‘Cybersecurity: Is the UK prepared to address the risks?’. This will set the tone for the conference & event along with the IIOT / Ind 4.0 exhibitor village and workshops.

The other main areas of interest at next year’s conference will be systems, procedures, competence, human factors, legislation, non-electrical, risk and asset management.

The full conference programme will be announced shortly, the committee also issued a special request for end user/operator experiences, particularly relating to regulation, cultural change,ageing plant and decommissioning.

Delegate, exhibitor or sponsorship enquiries should be addressed to the Event Director Russell Goater at events@imlgroup.co.uk or phone +44 (0) 1732 359990.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

30 Process cybersecurity

Figure 1: CIP Security is designed to protect Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in the new era of automation

ICS built-in security in

today’s connected enterprise

O

Introduction

Many plant sites employ a defence-in-depth

cyber attacks on manufacturing facilities and critical infrastructure has resulted in cybersecurity

As factory and plant operations become more connected in the era of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and

security architecture to secure their ICS. This strategy is based on the idea that multiple layers of security are more resilient

becoming a central concern amongst industrial automation and control system users and vendors.

Industry 4.0, industrial organisations are making significant security investments to help protect their intellectual property,

to attack. The expectation is that any one layer could be compromised at some point in time while the automation devices at the

operations, and corporate image.

innermost layer would remain secure.

In the past, industrial control networks were primarily isolated systems, running

However, as attackers become more sophisticated, it becomes more important

proprietary protocols, using specialised hardware and software. But the industrial architecture has transformed over time, with collaborative mechanisms that involve internal and external integration.

for the connected end device — the final layer of defence — to defend itself.

ver the last decade, the rise in

With the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) in industrial manufacturing, there is a need to safeguard data access from the enterprise all the way down to the device level.

The following article, by Glenn Schulz of FDT Group and Katherine Voss of ODVA, describes efforts by

Industrial facilities have traditionally relied on logical or physical security to protect

the automation industry to develop next generation standards and technology, which enhance security throughout the lifecycle of industrial control devices in today’s connected

their perimeter. These defences range from firewalls to gates, guards and fences.

However, any breach in perimeter security can put the facility’s industrial control system (ICS) at serious risk of denial-of-

world.

service (DoS) attacks or other disruptions.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Evolving Security Challenges Industrial security presents a difficult challenge in the age of open systems, increased connectivity and expanded data sharing. The fourth industrial revolution brings new cyber risks for plant and factory automation platforms. It is imperative for cybersecurity strategies to be secure, vigilant and resilient, as well as fully integrated into flexible business models.

Process cybersecurity 31

Figure 2: Converged IT/OT cybersecurity solution for the industrial enterprise

As cyberspace shrinks due to the benefits derived from greater data exchange, new vulnerabilities in the ICS arise and new threats emerge. Left unchecked, the ICS,

its devices and the networks to which they are connected, can be exploited by threat actors and pose potentially negative impacts on the safe, reliable and/or secure

operation of production processes.

Governments and the private sector alike have expressed concern about cyber-

www.hazardexonthenet.net

32 Process cybersecurity security vulnerabilities within automation systems. Regulatory bodies have identified threats to critical infrastructure where industrial Ethernet networks, such as EtherNet/IP, are commonly used. From a business standpoint, industrial firms are facing growing challenges from ransomware and other cyber threats.

With increasing reliance on connected systems, and ever-increasing amounts of data, it becomes more important for the systems, their devices, the data and points of connectivity to be inherently secure.

Manufacturing plants have to give serious consideration to policies dictating how sensors and other edge devices can be accessed from the outside world.

One of the biggest concerns for end users is the industrial equipment lifecycle, particularly as it relates to the protection

Figure 3: ODVA’s Roadmap for CIP Security mental agencies such as ICS-CERT with

securing transport of messages between

of data and access to crucial instruments.

They must find ways to effectively address cybersecurity demands and protect plant assets such as field instruments, sensors

the US Department of Homeland Security are working with industrial enterprises to identify threats.

EtherNet/IP devices and systems, and thus reduce their exposure to cybersecurity threats. The goal of CIP Security is to

and input/output (I/O) devices. A key issue is managing access to devices and their digitised artifacts over the entire lifecycle

ODVA, a global standards development and trade organisation, develops and maintains the Common Industrial Protocol

enable the EtherNet/IP device to protect itself from malicious communications.

ODVA’s roadmap for CIP Security call for capabilities to be released in phases as

in a secure and reliable way.

(CIP), an open communication protocol designed for automation and data use cases in industrial control systems and

shown in Figure 3. The first phase of CIP Security provides mechanisms to encrypt the transport of messages between

used by EtherNet/IP, the world’s largest industrial Ethernet network, and found in devices across diverse segments of the

EtherNet/IP ports and for certificates.

In addition, recognising that every EtherNet/IP device and system does not

security attacks on plants and critical infrastructure operations have already established guidelines, standards and poli-

automation market.

CIP Security, first released by ODVA in

need to provide the same level of support for all defined security features, CIP Security defines a Security Profile to allow

cies to help mitigate risks of cybersecurity threats to industry. In addition, govern-

2015, allows users to take additional steps to protect their ICS with techniques for

for a scalable solution. A Security Profile is a set of well-defined capabilities to facilitate

Advancing Industry Standards International standards bodies concerned about disruptive and dangerous cyber-

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Process cybersecurity 33

device interoperability and end user selection of devices with the appropriate security capability. In the next phase of CIP Security, capabilities will be added around role-based authentication and authorisation and enhanced encryption methods.

On the integration side of the automation

with ongoing enhancements to their technologies and standards. The two organisations have collaborated on the ability to integrate devices implementing ODVA technologies and standards into the FDT ecosystem for more than 10 years. The latest work resulted in a CIP annex supporting FDT 2.0, which allows

will allow for the creation of a single zone of trust for devices, or multiple zones, depending on the application requirements.

FDT Group, at the same time, is focused on incorporating methodologies and workflows into its standard to support emerging security requirements. The

industry, FDT Group is an international, non-profit corporation providing an open standard for enterprise-wide network and asset integration. The organisation was founded for integration and lifecycle management of devices. Ongoing

for seamless tunnelling through industrial networks.

ODVA is one of the first standards development organisations to publish a true security overlay on an industrial

organisation is compiling a series of best practices to help manufacturers implement FDT solutions in a way that avoids possible threat vectors. In addition to an Audit Team to provide an independent perspective on security enhancements, it has established

advancement of FDT technology is leveraging major developments like the IIoT and Industry 4.0 to enable end users to realise the true potential of decentralisation, interoperability, integration, as well as a unified view of all data and functions

network protocol. CIP Security utilises standard encryption mechanisms and cryptographic keys to provide scalable security on the wire. This approach is in response to recognition that every device in a production system is potentially a point of

an Incident Response Committee to help ensure timely communication for active issues and provide a vision for long-term security activities, as well as a technical group within the Architecture and Specification Team responsible for a

across process, factory and hybrid control applications.

attack. With the growing use of EtherNet/ IP within the ICS, there is a corresponding

security framework for the development of new specifications and tools.

FDT was built to support a comprehensive, open architecture for the connected world of industrial automation networks and

proliferation of malware into control networks and distributed assets.

As part of CIP Security, security on the

From FDT Group’s perspective, any device that wants to communicate on a control network must be part of an established

assets. It supports the current installed base, and will adapt to future technologies and protocols. FDT/FRAMEs and Device

wire will allow for end devices to defend themselves from unauthorised and/or malicious access — a critical capability

security model. Devices such as I/O cards, transmitters, etc. need to have awareness of the network’s security provisions and be

Type Managers (DTMs) based on the current FDT specifications (FDT 2.0) are digitally signed, providing tamper-proof

with the move towards more connected systems. End users will have a choice of features they need to secure their particular

able to participate in them. The same holds true for various software applications and tools.

software delivery and non-repudiation.

Granular DTM security with enhanced user rights is added to the security settings.

environment. Because of the nature of typical workflows, devices will, in most cases, have CIP Security off by default and

To extend its support for the IIoT and Industry 4.0, and simplify the automation

users will need to enable it. They will then have the option of more simple methods such as use of pre-shared keys for device authentication, or more sophisticated mechanisms like x.509 certificates. This

ecosystem exchange, FDT Group is developing the FDT IIoT Server (FITS) solution. FITS enables mobility, cloud, and fog enterprise applications, as well as sensor-to-cloud and enterprise-

Ongoing Industry Collaboration ODVA and FDT Group are both working to address cybersecurity vulnerabilities

www.hazardexonthenet.net

34 Process cybersecurity wide connectivity employing FRAME and DTM business logic at the heart of

otherwise be considered part of an untrusted IT system. Conversely, devices

its client-server architecture. The FITS solution features robust layered security, leverages vetted industry standards, and utilises transport layer security (TLS) to establish a hardened shell and encrypt all communications throughout the architecture. Optionally, this solution can

may be able to produce data that can flow more directly and securely to IT systems.

One issue for industrial organisations is that production systems, and the assets (devices) within those systems, have very

authorise devices that connect to the FITS server. User-based security is employed to determine the user’s role and rights within the application.

long lifecycles. Some devices may allow for field updates with new security capabilities.

In other cases, the user would be looking at systems with varying degrees of devicelevel security. Tools such as firewalls or security proxies may be employed to help

The addition of security on the wire to

secure less-capable devices.

the FDT standard will enable a complete solution for comprehensive, end-to-end, enterprise-wide security.

As established international standards development organisations representing many of the world’s leading suppliers of

Ultimately, security on the wire will be implemented across the entire enterprise, from business systems down to the lowest device level. Any “open wire” will be regarded as a vulnerability and handled accordingly. As shown in Figure 2, technologies and standards, such as FITS

devices used in industrial control systems, ODVA and FDT Group have key roles in advancing end-to-end security for the

and CIP Security, will provide users with a converged IT/OT cybersecurity solution for the industrial enterprise.

connected enterprise, and in supporting the development of technologies and standards for security on the wire.

Conclusion

Forward-thinking Approach

ODVA and FDT Group are committed to optimising the industrial device lifecycle

Industrial security is a complicated,

of an industrial control network requires changing processes and managing risk.

authentication of tools and digitised artifacts within the FDT domain. This encompasses ODVA member suppliers utilising DTMs in their field devices.

ODVA and FDT Group share a similar vision for enhancements to ICS security technology. They recognise that it is crucial to secure the control network itself in a changing cybersecurity environment.

Indeed, every automation industry stakeholder must be aware of the crucial aspects of security throughout the lifecycle of industrial control devices in a connected

support CIP Security to allow for security on the wire in a scalable format. It will link the IT and OT security architecture with control from the FDT/FRAME-enabled system.

Security on the wire will enable the ICS

enterprise ecosystem.

to defend itself from unauthorised and/or malicious access.

security to the industrial network hierarchy.

When the ICS and its connected assets have inherent protection from cybersecurity threats, there is the possibility of access from other trusted systems that might

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Glenn Schulz Glenn Schulz joined the FDT Group as Managing Director in July of 2009. Most recently, Mr. Schulz was the Managing Director and Vice President of Engineering at Dorner. For 13 years prior to that, he was executive at Rockwell Automation with responsibilities that included the Process Industry Asset Management businesses.

Mr. Schulz was instrumental in establishing the legal, non-profit structure of the FDT Group that culminated with incorporation in Belgium as an AISBL. He holds international patents and patents pending in the area of industrial asset management and industrial network security, while also holding CISSP and ISSAP certifications with a focus in cryptography.

multifaceted challenge that cannot be solved by simply purchasing the latest technology. Instead, managing the security

with robust built-in security features.

Other potential collaboration between the two groups involves the security and

The next update to the CIP annex will embed CIP Security for seamless security integration and scalability of security control. In FITS, the FDT Server will natively

About the authors

Advancements such as control on the wire offer the opportunity for self-protected devices, which add another dimension of

FDT® is a registered trademark, and FRAME™, Device Type Manager™, DTM™ and FITS™ are trademarks of FDT Group.

CIP™, CIP Security™ and EtherNet/IP™ are trademarks of ODVA, Inc.

Katherine Voss Katherine Voss is President and Executive Director of ODVA, Inc. The organisation’s technologies and standards include EtherNet/IP and the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) among others. Ms. Voss’ career has included execution of business strategies and roadmaps for information and communication technologies (ICT) for the global industrial automation industry, as well as business model transformation for an international standards development and trade organisation from a virtual organisation to an international physical presence in North America, Western Europe and East Asia.

Event preview 35

Hazardex in the Regions 2017 Antwerp Date: 29 November 2017 Location: Antwerp, Belgium The next Hazardex in the Regions event will take place in Antwerp, Belgium, on November 29th, 2017. This event will be co-located with PEFTEC - the event for petroleum, refining & environmental monitoring technologies (see below).

If you are interested in exhibiting or attending this event as a delegate, please contact: events@imlgroup.co.uk or phone +44 (0)1732 778544 for booking details.

This will be the latest in the successful decade-long Hazardex in the Regions series, the underlying philosophy of which is to bring up-to-date safety-related intelligence to process plant and hazardous area specialists at a venue near their workplace in the UK and Europe, reducing travel time and expense.

The conference will be supported by an exhibition of products and services relevant to those working in hazardous environments and will offer free access to the co-located PEFTEC conference,

seminars and wider exhibition.

This is an opportunity for all those interested in process plant safety in Belgium and surrounding countries to participate in one of our hazardous operations-focused oneday conferences and exhibitions. www.hazardexonthenet.net/ article/132843/Hazardex-in-the-Regions2017-Antwerp-date-announced.aspx

PEFTEC (Petroleum, Refining, Environmental Monitoring Technologies Conference) 2017 Date: 29 to 30 November 2017 Location: Antwerp, Belgium

2017 will include: Laboratory testing and measurement, Petrochemical Analysis, Emissions Monitoring in air, water and soil,

PEFTEC is a focused international conference and exhibition for Analytical Chemists, Scientists, Process Operators, Laboratory

portable and field sampling, reference materials, oil analysis, calibration, International & Industrial Regulation, standards, Quality Assurance, Measurement Techniques &

Personnel and Environmental Managers who work in around the Petroleum, Refining, Chemical and Petrochemical industries.

Technologies.

End-users at PEFTEC will have the perfect

PEFTEC features a high level conference programme, over 80 free to attend technical seminars and an exhibition represented by over 250 Instrument and Service providers.

Topics and products featured at PEFTEC

opportunity to network, source and compare products, discuss applications and technology with colleagues and other industry experts. Antwerp is situated in the heart of Europe’s largest cluster of

petrochemical activities and has excellent road and rail links with in Europe. Antwerp is also easily accessible to Brussels Airport for visitors who are travelling further distances.

A Hazardex in the Regions one day conference and exhibition for hazardous area sector operators will take place on November 29, co-located with PEFTEC (See above). www.ilmexhibitions.com/peftec

Protecting Critical Energy Infrastructure Against Cyber Attacks Date: 29 to 30 November 2017 Location: London ACI’s Cyber Security – Oil, Gas, Power Conference will bring together key stakeholders from energy majors and technology industries, to discuss the challenges and opportunities found in the current systems. The conference will also promote essential collaboration between decision makers and technology experts, in order to streamline solutions to resist cyber

threats and attacks.

The two-day event will give you an insight into the industry`s latest policy evaluations, especially the implementation of GDPR 2016 (General Data Protection), NIS Directive 2016 (The Directive on security of network and information systems) and the impact of national regulations, as well as in depth updates on cybersecurity in the Energy context.

While focusing largely on the critical need of an integrated strategy in business as a whole, it will also concentrate on developing & extending user awareness practices and applying new technologies for greater safety & security. www.wplgroup.com/aci/event/cyber-

www.hazardexonthenet.net

36 Product Datafiles Leading the Customer Service Experience in the Certification Industry

ATEX Certified Humidity/Moisture & Temperature Sensors

Providing exceptional customer service is a key aspect of the work we do at CSA Group. Over the last 18 months CSA Group has made significant improvements to the way we provide our service to our customers.

Our customers have scored us 90% in overall customer satisfaction, with 4 out of 5 clients saying they would recommend CSA Group to a colleague.

Interested in learning how we do it? Please contact us to arrange a no obligation project planning meeting.

ROTRONIC Intrinsically Safe sensors and measurement transmitters with analogue outputs are suitable for use wherever there is a risk of explosion due to dust or gas in the environment.

HygroFlex5-EX transmitters and probes from ROTRONIC conform to the latest international ATEX standards. The transmitter is Intrinsically Safe (secondary side) , there are two channel outputs, the housing is heavy duty. Interchangeable probes are available for all applications, including those at pressure and low dew point.

T: +44 (0) 1244 670 900 E: ukinfo@csagroup.org W: www.csagroupuk.org

How to ground your road tanker correctly Loading and unloading road tankers with large quantities of commonly used chemicals and powders generates static electricity which, if left to accumulate could discharge electrostatic sparks, potentially causing fires and explosions. Newson Gale’s Earth-Rite® RTR is the most reliable and precise method of grounding road tankers today. To find out more information about the Road Tanker Recognition contact Newson Gale.. www.newson-gale.co.uk

7-inch industrial fanless panel computers for oil & gas The MPC-2070 7-inch panel computers with Intel Atom processor E3800 series deliver a reliable and durable platform for use in industrial environments. With two software selectable RS-232/422/485 serial ports and two gigabit Ethernet LAN ports, the computers support a wide variety of serial interfaces as well as high-speed IT communications, all with native network redundancy. They offer -40 to 70°C temperature range, and come with a fanless, streamlined enclosure designed for highly efficient heat dissipation, making this one of the most reliable industrial platforms available for harsh, hot, outdoor environments like oil and gas fields, or drilling platforms. They also feature a 1000-nit LCD panel offering a sunlightreadable, projected-capacitive, glove-friendly, multi-touch screen.

Technical datasheet available Tel: 01293 571000 Email: instruments@rotronic.co.uk Web: www.rotronic.co.uk

CorDEX Launches Brand New TOUGHPIX DIGITHERM Camera Series with Worlds First Features CorDEX Instruments have announced the release of the brand new TOUGHPIX DIGITHERM camera series, a world’s first – an intrinsically safe thermal and digital camera, and a non-intrinsically safe version.

Offering ground-breaking affordability in exchange for an impressive array of features, the TOUGHPIX DIGITHERM series sets a new industry standard for delivering a compact and lightweight yet rugged thermal imaging device. The new cameras allow users to quickly detect issues, conduct accurate measurements and document findings for remedial action.

For more information contact us at www. cord-ex.com sales@cord-ex.com +44 (0)1642 454373

New Rate Totaliser Application Guide Available to Download This new application guide from BEKA associates is intended to aid the selection of the most suitable pulse input rate totaliser from the extensive range of models manufactured by BEKA in the UK. It contains a brief review of pulse output flowmeters and the associated terminology.

All BEKA single and two input rate totalisers have similar functions and a common configuration menu enabling them to calculate and display total flow and the rate of flow in engineering units.

The range includes field and panel mounting general purpose rate totalisers, plus certified models for gas and dust hazardous area applications.

https://www.moxa.com/product/MPC-2070.htm

To read the guide please follow the link, or for a printed copy contact BEKA on 01462 438301. http://www.beka.co.uk/application_guides/application_guide_ag334.pdf

New connector housings provide protection against immersion in water

Have just one quality audit a year for ISO9001, ATEX, IECEX and more!

HARTING has expanded its Han® M range of industrial connector housings with a new series of bulkhead hoods with significantly increased resistance to external influences including dust, dirt and liquids.

The new bulkhead housings meet the requirements of IEC 60529 in protecting interior parts against strong water spray (IP66 degree of protection) and against temporary immersion in water to a depth of one metre (IP67 degree of protection). The special flange of the Han® M die-cast aluminium housing prevents water from penetrating into the connector – thus protecting the contact points inside the connector.

ExVeritas have expanded their Quality Certification Services to include ISO9001:2015 Certification with internationally recognised and accepted accreditation.

With just one audit visit you can save time and money by having ExVeritas issue ISO9001 Certification, ATEX Quality Modules, IECEx Certification and INMETRO Quality Registration for Brazil.

ExVeritas will also be able to offer OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001 certification, auditor training and API Q1/Q2 training and services in 2018.

Contact us on Telephone: 01604 827500 enquiries@harting.com www.harting.co.uk

www.hazardexonthenet.net

For further details, and to see how much time and money we can save you buy combing audits, please contact Craig Nutty c.nutty@exveritas.com or call 0845 862 2447. Visit www.exveritas.com for more information.

Product Datafiles 37 Safe working in high-risk and isolated areas The safety of employees has an important place in the daily work of industrial enterprises. ecom offers personal emergency response devices with intrinsically safe, up to zone 1/21 or Division 1 certified 4G/LTE Android smartphones, tablets and exmobile phones. With these mobile solutions, Lone Worker Protection concepts can be implemented cost-effectively and efficiently.

For people working in hazardous areas or extensive terrains, companies must ensure that the rescue chain is always guaranteed. It must also be triggered if the injured person is incapacitated without anyone noticing the accident. ecom smartphones and featurephones are components of a tested and according to BGR139 certified Lone-Worker-Protection-Solution or person-emergency-response system from Swissphone. They are equipped with dedicated side buttons for one-touch access to PTT services.

Together with fully developed Lone-Worker-Protection-Applications from well-known vendors on the market, these mobile solutions reliably protect the user and document the

process. Smartphones or tablets send an emergency signal to the control center in an emergency by pushing the button as well as by triggering the position or impact sensor.

Since GPS tracking indoors is obstructed by the building, an alternative technology is necessary. With Loc-Ex® 01 BLE-Beacons for hazardous areas ATEX / IECEx Zone 1, employees can also be located indoors or be warned of possible hazards in advance. ecom instruments GmbH, Industriestr. 2, D-97959 Assamstadt Internet: www.ecom-ex.com E-Mail: sales@ecom-ex.com

RFID upgrade for established solenoid interlock from Schmersal The AZM201 solenoid interlock with its handy door handle actuator, which has already been used in many swinging safety doors, is now available with built-in RFID technology. The advantage: RFID allows a “high” coding level, meaning the interlock now offers increased tamper protection in accordance with the requirements of DIN ISO 14119.

At the same time, the AZM201 solenoid interlock can forward extensive diagnostic information to a higher-level controller to enable preventative maintenance in line with Industry 4.0.

The AZM201 is favoured by many users as the built-in ergonomic door handle actuator, which is normally fitted at handle height, saves on a separate door handle.

It is suitable for all standard aluminium profiles with a width of 40 mm and can also be complemented by an emergency exit release fitted on the inside. If necessary, the solenoid interlock can also be supplied with a bar lock which offers increased stability and is therefore suitable for larger safety doors.

In the new version of the AZM201, the RFID technology makes it possible, among other things, for the user to choose between three types of coding and thereby determine the appropriate level of anti-tamper safety: In the basic version, the AZM400 accepts any suitable actuator. A second version only accepts the actuator associated with the teach-in process during initial activation. With a third version, this teaching-in process can be repeated as many times as required.

For more information: www.schmersal.com

Connecting you to Global Markets

SIL 3 Capable SSX and SST Functional Safety Isolators from Moore Industries Provide Reliable Isolation for Analog and HART® Signals

CSA Group is a global organization dedicated to safety, social good and sustainability. We provide testing, inspection and certification services for products in industrial and hazardous locations.

We realise our customers need access to global markets and they need it quickly.

As such, we’ve evolved our processes to respond even better to the pressures our customers face, while offering the marks needed to access markets around the world.

Our large team of certification engineers are focused on completing projects within agreed-to timelines and we consistently start and finish projects with some of the best lead-times within the industry.

Moore Industries’ SSX and SST Safety Isolators and Splitters provide reliable isolation and effectively pass valuable HART® data in Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and process control settings. Part of Moore Industries’ FS Functional Safety Series, the exida certified SIL 3 capable SSX and SST were designed and built to strict IEC 61508:2010 standards for use in safety-related applications.

They protect safety systems by isolating an SIS from basic process control or monitoring systems so that disconnections or other failures don’t impact the safety system.

T: +44 (0) 1244 670900 E: ukinfo@csagroup.org

W: www.csagroup.org

Learn More: http://www.miinet.com/InterfaceSolutionDownloadCenter/ Products.aspx?product=245

New ABB handbook helps make industrial temperature measurement easy ABB has released a new in-depth handbook explaining how to maximise temperature measurement accuracy in industrial applications. Titled ‘Industrial temperature measurement: Basics and practice’, the handbook provides a detailed explanation of the key areas that users need to consider when implementing and operating temperature measurement technology.

Available from www.bit.ly/ABBtempguide, the handbook is suitable for both novices and those with more experience in temperature measurement. Written by ABB’s temperature experts, the 320-page book is divided into nine main chapters, covering a variety of topics including the principles of temperature measurement; sensor and transmitter options and how to select them; ensuring accuracy through calibration and verification; and the options available for explosive and SIL applications.

“As one of the most widely measured parameters in any industrial application, temperature provides an invaluable indication of what’s happening in a process,” says Steve Gorvett, ABB’s DP Flow and Temperature Product Manager for

the UK. “Our new handbook is absolutely essential for any technician, experienced or not, who is looking to better understand the basic principles of temperature measurement and how to select the best solution that will deliver the highest levels of accuracy and reliability in their application.”

For further information about ABB’s temperature range, visit: www.abb.com/temperature

www.hazardexonthenet.net

38 Buyers Guide

For a complete range of hazardous area solutions Intrinsic Safety Isolators • Zener Barriers • Zone 1&2 Remote I/O • Fieldbus Exe Enclosures • Exd Control Panels • Ex Lighting • Purge Solutions • Zone 1 & 2 HMI’s PC’s

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Tel.: 0161 6336431

Consultancy

sales@gb.pepperl-fuchs.com

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Your Source Onshore For Everything Electrical Offshore R&M is the UK’s largest independent electrical group serving the Oil and Gas industries.

023 80341 444

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Advanced batteries and protection whatever the environment

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Manufacture Drawings approved, we then build the system in-house

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We flash test as standard, we also offer injection testing & more

Delivery All around the world, Packaging to suit your Circumstances

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To advertise please contact contact

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on +44 (0)1732 359990 or kathryn.startin@imlgroup.co.uk

To advertise in the Product Datafiles or Buyers Guide contact Kathryn Startin on +44 (0)1732 359990 or kathryn.startin@imlgroup.co.uk

AWARD NOMINATIONS NOW OPEN

Sponsorship & exhibition stands now on sale Contact the HazardEx sales team on +44 (0)1732 359990 or events@imlgroup.co.uk

Beamex MC6-Ex

New intrinsically safe field calibrator and communicator!

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ATEX and IECEx approved for all hazardous zones Very accurate calibrator delivered with traceable, accredited calibration certificate Enables a fully paperless and automated calibration process Integrated field communicator for HART, FOUNDATION Fieldbus and Profibus protocols Multifunctional process calibrator for pressure, temperature and electrical signals

www.beamex.com info@beamex.com