hEX_20_08

August 2020

the journal for hazardous area environments

hazardexonthenet.net

Fire & explosion prevention Improve process safety with inerting control

Intrinsic Safety Separating fact from fiction

Wearables

Mobile devices

Smartphones

Wearables for the post-pandemic industry

Why intrinsically safe devices hold the key to true digital transformation

A smarter approach to critical alerts and communication

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contents August 2020 On June 25, Japanese engineering company Chiyoda Corporation announced that its pilot hydrogen project had begun to provide clean fuel for gas turbine power generators at a Japanese power plant using hydrogen imported from Brunei. The project is the world’s first implementation of an international hydrogen supply chain and the first example of foreign-produced hydrogen being used for power generation in Japan.

Chiyoda and its partner companies Mitsubishi Corp, Mitsui & Co and Nippon Yusen established the project in 2015 with an aim to eventually import 210 tonnes of hydrogen a year from Brunei to Japan. The research unit, Advanced Hydrogen Energy Chain Association for Technology Development (AHEAD), built a hydrogenation plant in Brunei and a dehydrogenation plant in Japan.

As part of the project, Chiyoda developed SPERA Hydrogen technology which allows hydrogen to be handled in liquid form as Methylcyclohexane (MCH). This makes it possible to use existing petroleum transportation and distribution infrastructure, such as tanks, oil tankers and tank lorries, lowering the capital investment

14 23

for hydrogen transportation.

Gaseous hydrogen is then separated from MCH at a dehydrogenation plant in Kawasaki, eastern Japan, and supplied to consumers as power generation fuel. After arriving at the dehydrogenation plant, the hydrogen is supplied to a gas turbine in TOA OIL’s Mizue Thermal Power Plant. The pilot is expected to continue through November 2020, with AHEAD aiming to eventually transport 350,000 tonnes of hydrogen a year to power a 1 gigawatt power plant in 2030.

How can intrinsically safe ATEX certified devices help achieve digital transformation in facilities where hazardous areas have previously prevented it.

20 27

The AHEAD project represents a model for potential hydrogen supply chains around the world and its success shows how hydrogen is becoming an ever more viable energy source to help countries meet carbon emission targets. The hydrogen sector represents an exciting opportunity for companies operating in the hazardous area sector and it will be interesting to see just how much the energy landscape will be changed as hydrogen facilities and supply chains develop. …Alistair Hookway, Editor, Hazardex alistair.hookway@imlgroup.co.uk

With so much choice in lone working and communications solutions, it’s challenging for businesses to identify the most appropriate device for them.

in this issue 31

4 News Extra

• Phillips 66 fined £1.2 million for 2013 incident • BP to sell its petrochemicals business to INEOS • Australian mine closed again just one month after explosion • Oil refinery explosion in South Africa kills two, injures seven • Pipeline defects were missed by operator prior to fatal 2019 explosion

15 Standards: IEC offers much more than standards and certificates How well do we understand Intrinsic Safety and how to achieve it? This article separates the facts from the fiction.

18 PPTEx Supplement 9 – Products 20 Wearables for the post-pandemic industry 23 Why intrinsically safe devices hold the key to true digital transformation

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27 A smarter approach to critical alerts and communication 31 Intrinsic Safety – separating fact from fiction 36 Don’t spend too much time and money on hazardous location certification 38 Improve process safety with inerting control

A look at how inerting control can help prevent fires/ explosions and improve process safety.

42 Datafiles August 2020

30 36Fire & explosion prevention the journal for hazardous area environments

hazardexonthenet.net

Hazardex is a controlled circulation journal published monthly.

Completed print or online registration forms will be considered for free supply of printed issues, web site access and online services. Annual subscription for non-qualifying readers is: UK £147; EU £215.25; Airmail £315 and single copy price is £23.10 plus P&P.

Hazardex content is the property of the publishers or relevant content providers. The publishers and sponsors of this magazine are not responsible for the results of any actions or omissions taken on the basis of information in this publication. In particular, no liability can be accepted in respect of any claim based on or in relation to material provided for inclusion.

Editor Alistair Hookway alistair.hookway@imlgroup.co.uk

Group Publisher Russell Goater russell.goater@imlgroup.co.uk

Sales Executive Kathryn Startin kathryn.startin@imlgroup.co.uk

Circulation subscriptions@imlgroup.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990

IML Group Blair House, High Street, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1BQ, UK Tel: +44 1732 359990 Email: events@imlgroup.co.uk ISSN 1476-7376

Production and Events Holly Reed holly.reed@imlgroup.co.uk

Design Graham Rich Design www.grahamrichdesign.co.uk

Improve process safety with inerting control

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Intrinsic Safety Separating fact from fiction

Wearables

Mobile devices

Smartphones

Wearables for the post-pandemic industry

Why intrinsically safe devices hold the key to true digital transformation

A smarter approach to critical alerts and communication

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Register for weekly email newsletter & up-to-the-minute news at www.hazardexonthenet.net

4

News Extra

An investigation by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) found a series

Image: Phillips 66

of failures with Phillips 66 Limited’s ‘safe system of work procedure’ which the workers adhered to. A number of personnel involved in the implementation of the company’s safe isolation procedure of the steam system had failed to complete all the required checks and verifications to reduce the associated risks.

Phillips 66 pleaded guilty to breaching Sections 2(1) and 3(1) of the Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974. The company was fined £1.2 million and ordered to pay £20,450.05 in costs.

Phillips 66 fined £1.2 million for 2013 incident that severely injured two workers E

nergy company Phillips 66 was

fined £1.2 million on May 22 for a 2013 incident in which two workers suffered life-changing injuries after an uncontrolled release of high pressure and high temperature steam. The accident happened at the company’s Humber Refinery, on the north east coast of England. Phillips 66 was sentenced for safety breaches at Grimsby Crown Court.

An investigation by the UK HSE found a series of failures with Phillips 66 Limited’s ‘safe system of work procedure’

After the hearing, HSE inspector, Jarrod King commented: “Safe systems of work procedures are in place to ensure the health and safety of workers. Companies should ensure that all relevant employees and personnel who are involved in their operation and execution are suitably trained and competent to complete their roles within the system. Where a significant risk gap leads to an incident which results in injury to workers, HSE will take the appropriate enforcement action irrespective of the size of the organisation.”

The investigation found that a valve on a turbine was not working properly, unknown to the men, and a steam line was misaligned causing a flange to be under pressure. In court, Judge John Thackray QC explained how steam was able to build up and that the flange sprang out, releasing extremely hot steam onto the two men.

During proceedings, the court heard how on 30 October 2013, two workers – one an employee of Phillips 66, the other

News website Grimsby Live reports that the uncontrolled release resulted in Dene Leggett, a 53-year old employee, suffering 40 per cent burns to his body

Grimsby Live quotes the refinery’s General Manager Darren Cunningham as saying: “The company sincerely regrets the

an apprentice – were re-assembling high pressure steam pipework following maintenance of a steam turbine driven pump. During the process, they were exposed to an uncontrolled release of high pressure, high temperature steam of

while 20-year old apprentice Scott Irvine suffered life threatening injuries with 60 per cent burns to his body. Mr Irvine required special care for 19 months after the incident having been blown into the air and across scaffolding by the force of

incident and the impact it has had on those involved. Steps were taken promptly to prevent a similar event from happening again and the company has cooperated fully with the Health and Safety Executive’s

around 250oC.

the blast.

investigation.”

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

News Extra

5

BP to sell its petrochemicals business to INEOS

Image: BP

B

P announced on June 29 that it had reached an agreement to sell its global petrochemicals business to INEOS for $5 billion (£4bn). The sale is the next strategic step in reinventing BP, strengthening its balance sheet, and delivering its target for divestments a year early, the energy

instalments of $100 million (£81m) in March, April and May 2021 with the remaining $700 million (£569m) payable by the end of June 2021. Subject to regulatory and other approvals, the

however that the businesses will thrive as part of INEOS, a global leader in petrochemicals.

transaction is expected to complete by the end of 2020.

BP’s petrochemicals business is focused on two main businesses – aromatics and acetyls. In total, the businesses

rest of bp is limited and it would take considerable capital for us to grow these businesses. As we work to build a more focused, more integrated bp, we have other opportunities that are more aligned with our future direction.”

have interests in 14 manufacturing plants in Asia, Europe and the US and in 2019 produced 9.7 million tonnes of petrochemicals.

INEOS is a global chemicals company with a network spanning over 180 sites in 26 countries, employing some 22,000 staff

BP’s CEO Bernard Looney said: “This is another significant step as we steadily work to reinvent bp. These businesses

worldwide. Over the past two decades, INEOS has acquired several businesses from BP, most notably the 2005 $9 billion purchase of Innovene, the BP subsidiary

“Strategically, the overlap with the

major said in a statement. Under the terms of the agreement, INEOS will pay BP a deposit of $400 million

are leaders in their sectors, with worldclass technologies, plants and people.

I am very grateful to our petrochemicals

that comprised the majority of BP’s then chemicals assets and two refineries.

An additional $1 billion (£812m) will be

team for what they have achieved over the years and their commitment to bp.

I recognise this decision will come as a surprise and we will do our best to

In total, the businesses included in the transaction currently employ over 1,700 staff worldwide. These staff are expected to transfer to INEOS on completion of the

deferred and paid in three separate

minimise uncertainty. I am confident

sale.

(£323m) and will pay a further $3.6 billion (£2.9bn) on completion.

Scotland announces £62 million fund to support energy sector

T

he Scottish government announced

include a Global Underwater Hub, Net Zero

recognised globally as a centre of excellence

a £62 million fund on June 12 which will go towards helping the energy sector recover from the dual economic

Solution Centre projects, a Hydrogen Hub, the Acorn project and an Energy Transition Zone. The investment will also benefit the

in oil and gas and this funding will help ensure that the knowledge, skills and expertise it has to offer will play a vital role in the energy

impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) and the oil and gas price crash.

wider Scottish energy sector and supply chain, working with local businesses to support sustainable jobs and maximise

transition.”

The Energy Transition Fund will support businesses in the oil, gas and energy sectors over the next five years as they grow and diversify and will help attract private sector investment in the region, the government said in a statement.

inclusive economic growth across the country.

of Scotland as a Hydrogen model region, contributing early funding to projects including: ACORN CCS & ACORN Hydrogen; Aberdeen Vision; and the Aberdeen Hydrogen Hub.

The investment will focus on the North East of the country and underpins the region’s ambitions to become a world leader in the transition to net zero, helping Scotland meet its climate change targets.

Major projects to be considered for funding

Economy Secretary Fiona Hyslop said: “This is an extremely difficult time for our business community and we recognise the need to do all we can to help the recovery of key sectors of the economy and Scotland’s regions.

“This package of investment for the North East will support our energy sector as it recovers from the impact of COVID-19 and will help us make significant progress as we move towards net zero by 2045. Aberdeen is

The fund will also position the North East

ACORN Hydrogen, located at the St. Fergus gas terminal, seeks to produce hydrogen from Natural Gas and the linked ACORN CCS project would capture and store the CO2 safely and permanently in North Sea reservoirs.

The Scottish Government will also work with the UK Government and industry to ensure funding supports an Oil and Gas Sector Deal.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

6

News Extra

Workers protest over safety at Moranbah North - Image: CFMEU

mine, workers have been protesting over the mine management’s refusal to meet with delegates from the Miners’ Union, CFMEU Mining and Energy, to discuss safety concerns.

According to CFMEU Mining and Energy, delegates at Moranbah North had sought

Australian mine closed again just one month after explosion, safety concerns raised at three mines

W

a meeting with site management on June 5 to raise a number of safety concerns over issues including gas monitoring and the confidence of contractors to speak up about safety.

The union’s Queensland President Stephen Smyth said in a statement that workers’ safety fears have been amplified since the explosion at the Grosvenor mine.

Smyth said: “It is unhelpful in the extreme at this time for Anglo management to be refusing any meeting with any worker regarding safety concerns, let alone

orkers at three Anglo American underground coal mines in Queensland have raised concerns

for spontaneous combustion risk. A spokesperson for the multinational mining giant told the Times that various gas levels

over safety and the management of dangerous gases following an explosion at the Grosvenor coal

were being closely monitored following May’s incident and that longwall mining activity was ceased to ensure the ongoing

elected workplace delegates.

mine in Moranbah which injured five workers on May 6. In early June, workers were banned from going underground at the Grosvenor mine

safety and integrity of the mine.

The spokesperson said inert gas was currently being pumped into the mine’s

distinction between ‘industrial’ and ‘safety’ issues is to pretend that the way people work does not impact on the safety of a mine. Nothing could be further from the

after rising gas levels heightened fears of another explosion.

ventilation network to reduce the risk of combustion and that an exclusion zone had been established around the

truth – the way people work, the way they are treated and the confidence they feel to raise safety concerns has everything to do

According to Australian news website Mirage News, workers at the Grosvenor mine remain concerned that conditions

mine’s entry. Anglo American said that work at the mine would not restart until the underground environment had been

with safety outcomes.”

in the underground mine have not been properly managed despite the May 6 methane explosion.

proven safe.

stopped working at Anglo American’s Grasstree mine near Middlemount on June 6. This came after protocols were

The Brisbane Times reports that Anglo American stopped workers going underground as part of its action plan

An inquiry into May’s explosion is ongoing

“To refuse a meeting over a false

Mirage News also reports that workers

with a report set to be published on November 30.

breached when restarting a ventilation fan after a power outage, resulting in excessive gas entering the mine and

Elsewhere, at the nearby Moranbah North

risking ignition.

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News Extra

7

The South African police service posted several images of the damaged plant on

Image: South Africa Police Service

social media. The two workers who died in the incident were 32-year-old Mpilo Sibiya and 27-year-old Likhona Vece. Both were Process Operators at the Milnerton refinery.

According to Reuters news agency, the plant was restarting after annual maintenance

Oil refinery explosion in South Africa kills two, injures seven

A

when the blast occurred. The maintenance had been extended in recent weeks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A spokesperson for Astron said that all production at the plant was stopped and that the fire caused by the blast was contained after a few hours.

Astron Energy CEO Jonathan Molapo said: “This is a terrible tragedy. Our thoughts are

n explosion at an oil refinery in Cape Town, South Africa killed two people and injured seven others on July 2. The blast happened in the early hours of the morning

Witnesses told local media that a large explosion rattled windows and doors of nearby houses and that significant damage could be seen at the 100,000 barrel per day Astron Energy refinery in Milnerton, north

with the families of all those affected. Our priority now is to support them, and our colleagues, and to continue to ensure that the plant is completely safe. We will conduct a full investigation of the incident.”

and caused a fire to break out at the plant which is operated by a subsidiary of multinational mining

Cape Town. In a statement, Astron said that the blast occurred at around 04:00 local time and that the company immediately activated

Glencore purchased a 75% stake in Astron Energy in 2019. The Cape Town refinery was

giant Glencore.

its emergency response procedures and notified the relevant authorities.

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8

News Extra

Enbridge fined $6.7 million for failing to fix pipeline safety issues T

he US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has fined Canadian

In a statement, Enbridge said it had agreed to pay the fines but that the company and

it would improve pipeline safety.

energy company Enbridge $6.7 million for violating a 2017 settlement relating to pipeline safety issues.

Enbridge announced on June 18 that it had agreed to pay the fine after the company failed to repair or mitigate

the EPA had disagreed about the nature of the dents. As a result, the two parties cooperated to develop a Fifth Modification to the 2017 consent decree, an agreement which resolves a dispute without admission of liability. Enbridge added that none of the

The dents which concern the EPA are located on Line 1 of Enbridge’s Minnesota corridor. The pipeline was built in 1950 and is one of six pipelines that makes up the corridor which carries around 237,000 barrels of oil per day.

thousands of “shallow dents” on its Lakehead pipeline in a timely fashion.

violations resulted in safety issues, missed integrity risk reduction activities or damage to the environment. Instead, the company said that the penalties resulted from “compliance

Enbridge said it had agreed to pay approximately $3.7 million in penalties regarding “six alleged non-compliance

According to the Star Tribune newspaper, the EPA said that Enbridge had neglected to properly evaluate thousands of dents on the Lakehead pipeline. Just over $3 million of the fines are related to Enbridge’s

issues” and were largely administrative in nature, such as missing a timeline.

items” and approximately $3 million for “an alleged failure to complete identification and evaluation” of the shallow dents.

failure to repair dents that showed indications of metal loss and cracking.

The Lakehead pipeline system runs across

the US Justice Department to resolve claims stemming from two oil spills in Michigan and Illinois in 2010 which cost Enbridge $1.2

The Star Tribune reports that Enbridge was also fined in 2018 for violating the consent decree. On that occasion, the EPA fined the

northern Minnesota through north western Wisconsin.

billion to clean up. As part of the decree, Enbridge agreed to pay $177 million and said

company $1.8 million for missing pipeline inspection deadlines.

The 2017 consent decree was signed with

News Extra

Aerial view of the accident area - Image: NTSB

Pipeline defects were missed by operator prior to fatal 2019 explosion

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9

figures to see if similar defects are likely to be present in other parts of the 775-mile

Eastern inspected the inside of the pipeline in 2011 and found no evidence of

(1247km) long Line 15.

‘hard spots’ which can develop into failure points. However, a review of the data from that inspection by the PHMSA showed that there were in fact 12 hard spots in the section of the pipeline which failed in August 2019.

Texas Eastern’s Line 15 ruptured and exploded in the early hours of August 1, 2019 in Moreland, around 40 miles (65 km) south of Lexington. The blast destroyed railroad tracks and several homes in a nearby mobile home park where a woman was killed, and six people were hospitalised. It was the second incident to occur on Enbridge’s Texas Eastern natural gas pipeline in 2019 after two people were injured by an explosion

During another inspection of the pipeline in 2018, Texas Eastern found a “small dent with metal loss” on the part of the pipeline which failed a year later in August 2019. However, federal pipeline safety regulations meant that the defect did not

in Ohio on January 21. The Texas Eastern pipeline measures 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter and runs from the Mexican

require corrective action because too few people lived in the vicinity of the pipeline, the PHMSA order shows.

border in Texas up to New York City.

federal report has revealed that a natural gas pipeline in Kentucky, US had several defects which its operator had missed during nine

The National Transportation Safety Board is still investigating the incident and is yet to determine the exact cause of the blast.

Following the review of the hard spots, the PHMSA said that continued operation of the line would result in the likelihood of harm to life, property, and

years of self-inspections prior to it suffering an explosion in August 2019.

The pipeline, which is operated by

The details of undetected defects in Texas Eastern’s pipelines were revealed

the environment. As well as resulting in the review of 20 years’ worth of pipeline inspection data, the amended corrective

Enbridge subsidiary Texas Eastern Transmission LP, exploded in the early hours of the morning, killing one

in a corrective order which was amended by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) in April

order also requires surveying for leaks along the entire line and for Texas Eastern to report all actions that it is taking to fix

person and injuring six others.

2020. The order was first given shortly after the August 2019 explosion and aimed to ensure that the rest of Texas

the problems.

been investigating the incident did not say the defects caused the explosion, the findings mean that Texas Eastern has been

Eastern and Enbridge’s pipelines were safe.

neither Enbridge nor Texas Eastern will comment on the investigation or corrective order while the NTSB’s investigation

ordered to review 20 years of tests and

The PHMSA’s order showed that Texas

continues.

Although the federal officials who have

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A spokesperson for Enbridge said that

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News Extra 11

New plans submitted for energy hub on nuclear site in Cumbria, UK plant currently being built in Somerset, as well as both small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced modular reactors (AMRs).

By linking the nuclear plants to other energy technologies, such as renewables and green hydrogen, the members aim to create an integrated Clean Energy Hub for the north west.

The hub hopes to capitalise on the region’s existing nuclear supply chain and could boost orders for hundreds of companies and create thousands of jobs.

The Moorside Clean Energy Hub includes organisations such as Altrad, Atkins, Balfour

The hub will initially be promoted by its members before being majority owned by investors. Support from the UK Government is likely to be required.

Beatty Bailey, Bilfinger, Cavendish Nuclear, Doosan Babcock, EDF, GMB, Jacobs, Laing O’Rourke, Mott MacDonald, Mace, Prospect,

Unite regional secretary for the north west Ritchie James said: “The fact that this

The new Moorside plant could re-use designs from Hinkley Point C - Image: EDF

A

group of companies and trade unions, including energy giant EDF, submitted

new proposals on June 30 for an energy hub to be built in Cumbria, north west England. Previous plans for the Moorside

site were scrapped in 2018 after Japanese company Toshiba Corporation failed to find a buyer for its UK subsidiary NuGen which was set to build a nuclear power station at the site near Sellafield.

Quod, and Unite the Union.

The hub said that its proposals include plans for a 3.2 GW nuclear power plant, which could

consortium is looking beyond tomorrow and into a low carbon future is good news, given that there could be a post-pandemic 25,000 jobs bonanza across the region if this takes

re-use designs from EDF’s Hinkley Point C

off.”

Equinor to develop clean hydrogen plant in UK’s Humber region

E

quinor is leading a project to develop one of the UK’s – and the world’s – first at-scale facilities to produce hydrogen from natural gas in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS).

The project, called Hydrogen to Humber Saltend (H2H Saltend), provides the beginnings of a decarbonised industrial cluster in the Humber region, the UK’s largest by emissions.

H2H Saltend supports the UK government’s aim to establish at least one low carbon industrial cluster by 2030 and the world’s first net zero cluster by 2040.

The project will be located at Saltend Chemicals Park near the city of Hull and its initial phase comprises a 600 megawatt auto thermal reformer (ATR) with carbon capture, the largest plant of its kind in the world, to convert natural gas to hydrogen. It will enable

industrial customers in the park to fully switch

“The world continues to need more energy

over to hydrogen, and the power plant in the park to move to a 30% hydrogen to natural gas blend. As a result, emissions from Saltend Chemicals Park will reduce by nearly 900,000 tonnes of CO2 per year.

at lower emissions so we can achieve the ambitions of the Paris Agreement. This necessitates a substantial decarbonisation of industry, in which we believe carbon capture & storage and hydrogen can and must play a significant role. With private

In its later phases, H2H Saltend can expand to serve other industrial users in the park and

and public investment and supportive UK policy, the H2H Saltend project

across the Humber, which employs 55,000 people in the manufacturing sector alone, contributing to the cluster reaching net zero by 2040. This will enable a large-scale hydrogen

will demonstrate the potential of these technologies. Together we can make the Humber and the UK a world-leading example that others can learn from,”

network, open to both blue hydrogen (produced from natural gas with CCS) and green hydrogen (produced from electrolysis

said Irene Rummelhoff, Executive Vice President for marketing, midstream and processing at Equinor.

of water using renewable power), as well as a network for transporting and storing captured CO2 emissions. It is estimated that fuel switching to hydrogen could create 43,000 new job opportunities in energy-intensive industrial sectors across the UK.

Subject to supportive UK policy, Equinor and its partners will mature the project

towards a final investment decision during 2023 with potential first production by 2026.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

12 News Extra

Indian committee finds LG Polymers negligent for fatal gas leak, 12 company officials arrested

T

he investigation into the fatal May 7 gas leak in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh state found LG Polymers, a subsidiary of South Korea’s LG Chem, negligent and that early warning systems were not working.

The styrene gas leak killed 12 people and left hundreds ill. Following the investigation, 12 LG Polymers officials

were arrested, including the firm’s CEO.

apologised and said that it places “the utmost priority on the health and safety of local residents and employees.” The

reaction. The committee said that LG Polymers ignored the rising polymer content from April 4 and continued to ignore it as

company added that it holds international environmental and safety standards with the highest regard.

it dramatically rose between April 25-28.

The report says that the management of LG Polymers saw the polymer content as a quality measure rather than a safety measure.

The report, which was released on July 7, also recommends moving the plant away from populated areas and lists several major reasons for the accident occurring.

The list includes improper storage design, poor maintenance of storage tanks, and

Indian police arrested 12 LG Polymers officials on July 8, including its South Korean Chief Executive Sunkey Jeon.

Police made the arrests under a case

mechanisms in place to avert such a gas leak and a warning siren facility was not in working order. The Andhra Pradesh state government said that there was a distinct

a disregard for red flags. Of the 21 major reasons, the committee said LG Polymers was responsible for 20 of them.

of culpable homicide which was filed against LG Polymers and its officials, the Visakhapatnam police commissioner said.

The case also includes counts of negligent

lack of safety measures in place and a timely emergency response was therefore not possible.

The investigation found that the temperature inside the oldest of the three styrene storage tanks at the plant rose to

handling of poisonous substances and causing hurt and/or endangerment to public life. The charges can draw terms of

In a statement following the leak, LG Chem

more than six times its allowed level due to polymerisation, a heat producing chemical

up to eight years if the officials are found guilty.

The committee set up to investigate the incident said that there were no preventive

News Extra 13

Representative image: Shutterstock

A

n oil tanker explosion killed 20 people and injured 172 others

on June 13. The tanker was carrying liquefied petroleum gas when the blast happened on a motorway south of Shanghai in Zhejiang Province, eastern China.

investigation into the incident has been opened.

The Chinese government has called for the investigation to be completed with haste and for the country’s traffic police to increase their focus on vehicles carrying hazardous materials.

Two significant explosions caused

Tanker explosion kills 20, injures 172 in China 3315RZ0new file.pdf 1 09/07/2020 10:53:15

extensive damage to nearby buildings and sent a dark cloud of smoke into the sky.

The incident happened at around 16:45 local time and caused several houses and workshops to collapse. 172 people, including 24 seriously injured, were treated

Footage from the scene of the incident showed several collapsed buildings with firefighters searching the rubble for survivors.

Around 34 fire trucks and 138 rescuers attended the scene while 62 fire trucks and a further 316 rescuers were brought in from

at six different hospitals.

other regions, Xinhua reports.

Dash cam footage taken from a passing

Elsewhere, an explosion in Colombia

vehicle as the explosion happened shows the tanker being blown through the sky by the power of the blast.

Although the cause behind the original

killed seven people and injured around 50 after a fuel truck exploded on July 6. The incident happened in the town of Pueblo Viejo on the northern coast of the country when the petrol tanker overturned on a

explosion is unknown, a second explosion occurred after the tanker fell from the highway onto a factory workshop,

main road. A large number of people had gathered at the scene to siphon fuel from the crashed vehicle when the explosion

state news agency Xinhua reports. An

happened.

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Digitalisation is king!

Standards 1

1 StandardsStandards 15 Standards Standards 15 15 to the business. But why am I giving you the independent verifier to the business. But why am I giving you the independent verifier such basicBut information if, like most of the organisation, with the to the business. why am I giving you the independent verifier as a “person or a basicBut information if, like organisation, with the to thesuch business. why am I giving youmost of the the independent verifier as a “person or a suchreadership, basic information if, like most of the organisation, with the appropriate compete you are familiar with the hazardous in the applied protectio suchreadership, basic information likefamiliar most of the organisation, with the appropriate compete youif,are with the hazardous in the applied protection readership, you are familiar with the hazardous in the applied protection methodology, area business? responsible for the verifi readership, you are familiar with the hazardous in the applied protection methodology, business? the verifi area area business? responsible forresponsible the verificationfor of design area business? responsible for calculations, the verification of design assessme calculations, assessme calculations, assessment and testing who calculations, assessment and testing who I mention these facts to highlight a big issue are separate and distinc I mention these facts to highlight big issue are separate and distinct by management I mention these to aahighlight issue aredistinct separate and distinc I mention these facts to facts highlight big issue a bigare separate and by management for manufacturers of explosion protected and other resources inc for manufacturers of explosion protected and other resources including financial, from for manufacturers of explosion and other resources inc for manufacturers of explosion protected protected and other resources including financial, from products and systems: they couldthey come into come the person responsible for products and systems: could into or organisation the personresponsible or organisat products systems: theyquality, couldthey come into come thetemperature person foro products and could into or organisation the organisat In order toand ensure thissystems: high IECEx andperson ambient or temperature In order conflict to ensure this highcustomers. quality, IECEx temperature and ambientwith temperature o serious with their all the activities associated the design serious conflict with their customers. all the activities associa serious conflict with their customers. all the associated with the design, started the Proficiency Test Program (PTP) -40 activities °C)aand two different explosive mixtu serious conflict with their customers. all the activities associa The started equipment establish mobile worker common reply to these concerns the Proficiency Test Program (PTP) -40 °C)aand different mixtu manufacture ortwo sales of the explosive equipment.”

The common reply to these concerns equipment establish mobile worker standardisation and conformity assessment for affiliate countries.

There manufacture sales of the equipment.” manufacture or sales o for ExTLs intoo2010.

The idea behind this isbeen to established (ethylene &orhydrogen) selected accordin concept for process plants, including selected is – don’t worry much.

Apparently, manufacture or sales of for ExTLs in 2010.

The idea behind this is to (ethylene & hydrogen) accordin On the one hand, end users will not accept a is – don’t too much.

Apparently, concept for process plants, includingfor activities ofworry IEC, or smart machines forwill not accept are also specific training programmes On one hand, end users a select a type test as it is defined in a certain IEC 60079-1. hazardous areas. there willthe be many new jobs available for On the onejobs hand, end users will not accept a(equipment protection level) “a”, th amany type test as itavailable iscan defined in a certain IEC 60079-1. situation inagriculture which they establish modern For EPL thereselect willefficient be new forusers hazardous areas. modern are presented assorted countries regions.

On the one hand, end will not accept a(equipment situation in31 which they can establish modern For EPLand protection level) “a”, th people of digitalisation.

A study– XX) IECin-the TCage standard (IEC 60079 and people inof the age of digitalisation.

A study in which they can establish modern For EPL (equipment pro IEC -situation TC 31processes standard (IEC 60079 – XX) and in series informative articles.

Forprocedures me, it is digitalised and in the evaluation of the equipment has to be don situation in recently which they can establish modern For EPL pro If questions emerge during the work in(equipment by adigitalised UScreate IT consultancy suggested processes and procedures in the evaluation of the has to beofdone to standardised and calibrated test On theduring basis ofequipment two configurations the by a US IT consultancy recently suggested If questions emerge the work in always surprising how colleagues atplants, theand IEC but Since 2018,by webinars have offered toof the to create standardised and calibrated test On the basisbeen of two configurations of“b” the safe areas of their process cannot three independent verifiers, for EPL digitalised processes procedures in the evaluation equipm the plant, experts or supervisors can several new job profiles in this brave new safe areas ofthis theirtest. plants, cannot by three independent verifiers, for EPL “b” digitalised processes andbut procedures in theatorSample evaluation of the equipm samples The samples are than Test “EP” can two explosive mixtures several new jobfor profiles inprocess this brave new the general plant, experts supervisors communication department transform sober the public www.iec.ch/academy. samples this technologies test.

The samples are than Test Sample “EP” two mixtures apply thefor same in hazardous two, and forcan EPL oneexplosive independent verv be contacted, pictures be“c”, taken world including designer of their aero taxis, safe areas of process plants, but cannot by three independent apply the same technologies in hazardous two, and for EPL “c”, one independent veri world including designer of aero taxis, be contacted, pictures can be taken sent to the ExTLs which have to make the two ambient temperatures and five igniti and dry technical writing of intotheir engaging and Recordings and slides of theby webinars are process but iscannot three ve sent toe-sport theareas ExTLs have to makeplants, the two After ambient temperatures and five ignitio and transmitted. the job is done,independent planner ofsafe stadiums, smart–home areas because of awhich lack of applicable modern enough. planner ofapply e-sport stadiums, smart–home and transmitted.

After the job is section done, areas because ofsame a equipment lack of applicable modern enough. fascinating stories. available onisthe Academy archive the technologies in hazardous two, and for EPL “c”, o type test with their and send the each, a total of 40 explosion tests must thehazardous new dataeach, can bea uploaded easily designer and recycling specialist forset data apply the technologies in and for EPL type testrecycling with their equipment and the totaltwo, of 40 explosion tests“c”, muston products due to same restrictions by send the safety designer and specialist forset databy thethe new canperformed be uploaded easily of IECdata website.

New topics,bywhich products due to restrictions the safety test results to a are notified authority.

At IECEx, be each is participant for the areas because of a lack of applicable modern is enough. to the database.

No more paperwork trash.

Very good!

But these jobs realistic test results to athe notified authority.

At befirst performed each participant for the standards.

On other hand, manufacturers The two years after the introduction of areas because a lack ofIECEx, applicable modern is by enough. trash.

Very good!

But are these jobs realistic to the database.

Notwo more paperwork is For the couple of the years, theof knowledge are related to IEC standardisation andPressure”.

Every two months, IECEx Chairman standards.

On hand, The first years after the introduction of Every two Prof.

Dr.IECEx Thorsten Arnhold, thelast German PTB isother this and “Explosion theprogram efficiency of work increases alternatives for forklift and truckauthority, driversmanufacturers orcreatingnecessary, Everytwo twomonths, months, IECEx Chairman Prof.

Every two months, Chairman Every months, IECEx Chairman Prof. products due to restrictions set by the safety the German PTB is these this creatingconformity and “Explosion Pressure”. are from obliged to fulfill safety standards, this new procedure were alternatives for and truckauthority, drivers or necessary, theprogram efficiency ofofwork increases Every twoThorsten months, IECEx Chairman transfer IECforklift to internal external assessment and interest forquite a surprise. N IECEx Chairman 2014-2019, provides anProf. update Prof.

Dr. Arnhold provides Every two IECEx Chairman Prof. products due toand restrictions set by safety Dr. Thorsten Arnhold provides an update are obliged tothe fulfill these safety new procedure were dramatically and sources of failure are quite a surprise. N factory hands? producing the test samples and standards, evaluating the thethis Prof.

Dr. months, Thorsten Arnhold Dr. Thorsten Arnhold provides anprovides update Dr. Thorsten Arnhold provides an on developments within the organisation. factory hands? dramatically and sources of failure are producing the test samples and evaluating the an update on developments within which are defined by the documents IECEx CB asked for a scope extension and community is run by a dedicated organisation: a larger audience, can be proposed by the onThorsten developments within his organisation.

Dr. Arnhold provides anupdate update standards.

Onthe thedocuments other hand,removed. manufacturers The first twoextension years after onondevelopments within hisorganisation. organisation. an update on developments within which are defined On by IECEx CB asked for first aparticipating scope and developments withinIECEx his Every two months, Chairman standards. the other hand, manufacturers The two years after After feedback from ExTLs, a test results. removed. on developments within his organisation. his organisation the IEC Academy & Capacity Building (ACB). community and are integrated in new webinar Every two months, IECEx Chairman Despite After feedback from participating ExTLs, a test results. mentioned above. Ito as a result, no certificates were published. these concerns, cannot deny the his organisation are obliged fulfill these safety standards, this new procedure wer mentioned above. as a result, no certificates were published.

Prof. Dr. ith Thorsten Arnhold provides Despite these statistical evaluation of the results is carrie concerns, Ito cannot the safety are obliged fulfilldeny these standards, this wer my new function as theprovides programmes.

Prof. must Dr. Thorsten ofare theprocedure results is carried During theevaluation last year,new however, the situation confess thatArnhold I am not totally No wonderstatistical that process industries fact that we can expect many benefits from During the last year, however, the situation an update on developments within which are defined by the documents IECEx CB asked for ajois must confess that I am not totally No wonder that process industries are fact that we can expect many benefits from ne German of the most frequently asked out.

The participants are than invited to In the meantime, the following seven programs delegate at the IEC organisation mainly consists ofthe a documents an update on developments within The defined CBthan asked theof most frequently asked The participants are toajoist In thewhich meantime, the following seven programs convinced alltime, the supposed so eager toout. introduce theseIECEx new systems digitalisation inbeen theare hazardous areaby sector. tne theofpresent there are few This has a major concern for IECEx. changed significantly.

Now we invited havefor more convinced of all the supposed so eager to introduce these new systems digitalisation in the hazardous area sector. t the present time, there are few This has been a major concern for IECEx. changed significantly.

Now we have more his organisation Conformity Assessment Board (CAB), and strong network experts.above.

These experts with allin Academy activity have question at IECEx conferences workshop which the results are presentt have beenofconducted or are still running:Our experiences mentioned as agood. result, no certificat blessings of digitalisation.

During myand and so far, so his organisation question at IECEx conferences workshop inand which the results are presente have been conducted orannual are stillManagement running: into their plants, conferences or technical trade Three years ago, at its 10 Ex CBs Ex TLs with a respective sc mentioned above. as a result, no certificat blessings of and digitalisation. my into their and far, so good.

I learn more more about thetrade broad are working voluntarily and temporarily been very plants, positive.

Thesonumber attendees conferences or technical Three years ago, at its annual Management 10 CBs and Ex TLs with a respective similar events is about the During difference andExdiscussed.

Anof important part of thissc professional career, I have visited However, these shiny and new a possibilities At itsCommittee most basic, toTest keep standards During the last year, ho • Spark Ignition for Ex “I” Test Round 2010 and discussed.

An important part of this similar events is about the difference shows that do not have the Industrial Meeting in The Hague, the extension number of applications. professional career, I have visited However, these shiny new possibilities Atnumerous itsCommittee basic, toTest keep standards spectrum of services– in technical committees, all our training formats continuously the last ayear, how •most Spark forthe Ex The “I” Hague, Test the Roundto 2010 shows doknowledge-related not Industrial Meeting in and aDuring number of applications. between ATEX andhave IECEx. No worries workshop isistraining common manythat manufacturers in the many different can make extension you forget that all theseto achieve of safety highIgnition throughout whole workshop is the training to achieve a common between ATEX and IECEx. No worries – sub-committees, Internet of Things (IIOT) as the main organisation launched a “d” new procedure to • Flame Transmission for Test Roundgrowing 2013 many manufacturers invia many different can make you forget that allchanged theseinterest of safety high throughout theEx whole tInternet the present time, there are few This has been a major concern for IECEx. significantly.

N that the IEC is offering its website working groups and which speaks for high in of Things (IIOT) as the main organisation launched new procedure • Flame Transmission for Ex Test Roundto 2013 industries all the world and smart devices are poweredchanged bythe electrical operational life of equipment these tI don`t the present time, there are few This has been aina “d” major concern for devices IECEx. N want toover give a lecture about this understanding of bestsignificantly. working practic industries over the world and smart are powered by electrical operational life of equipment in these Ifocus. don`t wantall tothe give a lecture about this maintenance understanding of the best working practice One of most important adopt the new IEC 60079-33 standard.

This A look in the IECEx online database shows www.iec.com.

For people who are teams for the standard standardisation and conformity assessment.

• Temperature Classification general Test Roundenergy, 2013 normally conferences or technical trade years ago,general at itsTest annual Management 10 Ex CBs TLs mostnow. of those with the highest but levels batteries.

As database a and Exshows areas, it isThree necessary to conduct regular focus.

One most important adopt the new IEC 60079-33 A lookstored in theinIECEx online • Temperature Classification RoundThis 2013 normally topic Itofisthe not so obvious there areas, conferences or technical trade years ago, at itsstandard. annual Management 10that Ex CBs and Ex TLs most of those with the highest levels stored in batteries.

As acertificates it isThree necessary to conduct regular interested inisthe latest developments generation and conformity assessment.

To Itenergy, is interesting toalready also mention the travel topic now.

It not so obvious but there consequences of this trend are the covers the protection method “s” for “special”, that more than 20 base • Electrostatic Charge general Test Round 2015 of that automation continue tointerested employ consequence, those products have to meet inspections and maintenance.

But those consequences of this trend are the covers the maintenance. protection method forRound “special”, already more than 20 certificates base shows do not have the Industrial Committee Meeting in“s” The Hague, thethat extension and aPressure numbe are many differences.

For Thethose workshop for the Explosion • Electrostatic ChargeMeeting general 2015 the of that automation continue to employ consequence, products have toonline meet inspections and those technologies inhave electronics or achieve a Committee high consistency andtoBut quality ofTest restrictions due to COVID-19 gave ourExplosion shows do not the Industrial in The Hague, extension and a numbe are many differences.

For interested The workshop for the Pressure drastically shrinking value chains and which was introduced permit the quick on IEC 60079-33 have been published, an significantshrinking numbers value of manual all requirements which electrical products responsible might have to manage a couple • Intrinsic Safety Test Round 2015 drastically chains and01A work, which was introduced tothe permit thenew quick on IEC 60079-33 have been 2018 published, readers IThings can recommend the IECEx Program took place in June at thean significant numbers of manual all requirements which electrical products responsible might have to least manage a couple electro-technique, electro-technical it is essential that at officers training activities an additional push.

• Intrinsic Safety Test Round 2015 Internet of (IIOT) as the main organisation launched a procedure to readers can recommend IECEx 01A of thousand Program tookthat place in June 2018 the innovation cycles ininevery sector, and adoption of newcovered technologies, new materials amuse confident many others will at follow. workers, whether production, intended for in hazardous areas have products by ‘Ex’ or Internet of IThings (IIOT) asthe the main organisation a new procedure to • Explosion Pressure forlaunched Ex “d” Test Round 2017 for innovation cycles ininconformity every sector, and adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that areas manyGermany, others willand follow. workers, production, intended use hazardous have of thousand products covered by ‘Ex’ or Guide: “Anwhether Informative Guide comparing PTB inin Braunschweig, 80 standardisation and and convenors ofPressure the organisational units • Explosion for Ex “d”when Test Round 2017 transport or logistics. to fulfil. PTB safety standards, and focus.

One“An ofin the most important adopt the new IEC 60079-33 standard.

This A look Germany, in the IECEx onli Guide: Informative Guide comparing functional in Braunschweig, and 80 especially the process industries. etc.

This implements a practice which has transport orthe logistics. to fulfil. functional safety standards, focus.

Oneelements ofin most important adopt the new IEC standard.

This& Capacity A Building look inis the IECEx onli assessments, there numerous knowledge and skills about The IEC Academy especially the process industries. etc.

This implements aand practice which has •sufficient Pressurised Enclosure for Exwhen “p”60079-33 est Round 2017 various of are both IECEx and ATEX”have participants from international ExTLs joine paperwork is involved, this can often prove • Pressurised Enclosure for Ex “p” est Round 2017 participants from international ExTLs joined various elements of both IECEx beenrules field-proven in the ATEX area For IECEx, of this development ismore recognition consequences of this trend areand theATEX”paperwork covers thethis protection method “s” forin“special”, that already than is involved, can ATEX often prove sources ofbe information.

The from best basic and procedures.

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In developing the eight years the program Every can day we see tens of thousands At IECEx we have recognised these an impossible task.the protection which can be downloaded from the IECEx this event.

In the eight years the program h In process facility safe areas, the speed since 2003. that its focus on this area has been useful Every weare seemainly tensvalue offree thousands At IEC and IECEx we have on recognised these an impossible is thatday they ofchains charge! happens istask. onewas of theintroduced tasks undertaken online management system that will been useful drastically shrinking and this which to permit thelearning quick IEC 60079-33 have In process safe areas, the since 2003. that focus on area has of trucks onfacility ourPublications highways driven by speed issues and their importance for thethat thehave website under beenits running, wethis have seen qualif As an illustration ofintroduced the program,to here is aspecific short drastically shrinking value chains and which was permit the quick on IEC 60079-33 trucksunder on our highways driven by specific issues and importance for the website Publications been running, wehigh have seen the will qualit AsIEC an Academy. illustrationInof the program, shortparticipants ofofadaptation to this trend is restricted the industry levels ofthat safety be by the 2019, the IEC here is aallow to their take and courses online.

This and responsible drivers. market.

We have established afrom special IEC Now,description however, thanks tochapter digitalisation, ofexperienced adaptation to this trend is restricted the industry high levels of safety will be innovation cycles in every sector, and Now, adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that many our test hasand risen a satisfactory level of one of the 2017 Test experienced and responsible drivers. however, thanks to digitalisation, market.

We have established a special IEC innovation cycles in every sector, and adoption of new technologies, new materials am confident that many One of my favourite aspects of the website Academy offered intensive two-day training new platform will be composed of courses on our test has risen from a satisfactory level description of one chapter of the 2017 Test byInthe innovation ofam thehappier suppliers and the equipment Under inthe ATEX directive, the ofworking group maintained. the supermarket, to pay to deal withto questions on level today. hazardous locationsthe is fulfillment of by the innovation ofII am the suppliers Under the ATEXimplements directive, maintained.

What I want to highlight inhappier this article isand the the programmes the beginning an excellent Round: In the supermarket, to pay equipment in hazardous locations is fulfillment working group to deal withto questions on level especially inand the process industries. etc.

This a practice which has is the IEC whitepapers.

Produced by to allrequirements new TC/SC Chairs topics such as standardisation andexcellent conformity What I want to highlight in this article is the the beginning an today.

Round: financial technical capabilities of the the general of appendix II with especially in the process industries. etc.

This implements a practice which has the cashier directly rather than attempt how modern mobile digital devices can be becoming smart. financial and technical the and the general requirements of appendix II with fact that IECEx is not aexperts, lawcapabilities likethey ATEX, it of is an For the program “Explosion Pressure -assessment Testmodernasmobile the cashier directly rather than attempt becoming smart. how digital devices can be international teams of offer Secretaries.

Here the new Chairs and well as on the requirements been field-proven in the ATEX area For IECEx, this develop fact is notmachine a law like it is an the health program Pressure - safely Test operators. theFor basic and“Explosion safety requirements is transformed The executive is preparing a promot to that use aIECEx checkout thatATEX, will only to meetgroup the requirements been field-proven the area For IECEx, thisofdevelop operators. theRound basic and safetyinrequirements isspecific The executive group is preparing athe promot to use ainto checkout that only safely transformed to meet the organisation acting worldwide onwill voluntary Weroles at IECEx are sorequirements convinced 2017” theinformation general routine procedure insights topical machine subjects such asa artificial Secretaries gainhealth first-hand and ATEX of IEC such as Convenors, allow me to pay on my third attempt, and One advantage is the easy identification of of hazardous area standards. organisation acting worldwide on a voluntary We at IECEx are so convinced of the Round 2017” the general routine procedure obligatory, and harmonised standards are just conference during the TC 31 spring sessio In process facility safe areas, the speed since 2003. that its focus on this are allow me to pay on my third attempt, and of hazardous area standards.

One advantage is the easy identification of obligatory, and harmonised standards are just conference the TC 31 spring sessio intelligence, edge intelligence, smart factories practice from department heads Secretaries, and Chairs. during In process facility safe areas, the speedbest 2003. that its focus on effect this are basis.

Our Executive Secretary, Chris Agius importance and the trust-building of is since described by the standard “Explosive then only when a human assistant comes individual products by means of digital type basis.

Our Executive Secretary, Chris Agius importance and theApril trust-building effect ofb is way described bymeans the standard “Explosive Many process sector companies have to one to do this.

Split Croatia on 23 2018, to be held then only when a human assistant comes individual products by of digital type of adaptation to this trend is restricted the industry and high le and smart grids.

If you take the time to study and build effective working relationships with Many process sector companies have to one way to do this.

Split Croatia on 23 April 2018, to be held thewe PTP that we decided at the 2014 IECE once said thattoIECEx istrend like a franchise system. labels. Inspection atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment oversaid to help! plans, equipment data, protection Furthermore, arethat making special efforts of adaptation this iswith restricted the industry and high leb the PTP we decided at 2014 IECE once that IECEx is like a franchise system. the atmospheres - Part 1:inEquipment handle hazardous substances, potentially IECEx in conjunction with thethe UN, UNECE over to80help!

Furthermore, we are making special efforts labels.

Inspection plans, equipment data, protection these or 90-page documents, you can Technical Department staff the central Each course is comprised of several modules handle substances, with apotentially conjunction with will the UN, UNECE by the innovation of the suppliers and the the enclosures ATEX directive, the fulfillment of insurveillance. maintained.

There ishazardous a certain infrastructure and powerful Management Committee Meeting in The byUnder flameproof “d”” - IEC 60079facility layouts, inspection records, repair to intensifyIECEx market IECEx by the innovation of the suppliers andofthe Under ATEX directive, the fulfillment ofCroatian maintained.

There is a certain infrastructure and astatepowerful Management Committee MeetingThe in The by flameproof enclosures “d”” - Bodies IEC 60079to intensify market surveillance.

IECEx will facility inspection records, repair severe for the life and health Toinlayouts, enable thethe IECEx Certification the Standards Institute. focus gain aconsequences comprehensive overview about office Geneva. that, once successfully completed, allow Call me old-fashioned, but I can’t help protocols and many other important data be working hand in hand with the EU’s severe consequences for the life and health of To enable the IECEx Certification Bodies the Croatian Standards Institute.

The focusa steering organisation butbut the day to day of the tohand make it the obligatory for all ExTLs 1,the Edition 7.0.

Anrequirements essential data characteristic financial and technical capabilities general ofand appendix IIHague with Call me old-fashioned, I can’t help be working hand in with EU’s protocols and many other important of-the-art technologies. participants to receive online recognition and steering organisation but the day to day Hague to make it obligatory for all ExTLs a 1, Edition 7.0.

An essential characteristic the employees in their plants. and Test Labs to issue Test Reports of this conference will be on industry and financial and technical capabilities the general requirements ofand appendix II with but wonder what is the going to happen Bodies to of the are stored in special data banks.

ATEX ADCO to quickly ban unsafe mobile the employees in by their plants. andforTest Labs to issue Test Reports of this conference will be on industry and business is done Certification applicant ExTLs. the testing and assessment of the but wonder what is going to happen to ATEX ADCO to quickly ban unsafe mobile are stored in special data banks.

When a country decides to become an a certificate.

National Committees will be able operators. health and safety requirements isof ExExTLs. Theand executive group is business done by thewe Certification Bodies applicant forthe the basic testing and of the Certificates based onassessment IECand 60079-33, the users equipment, and, all IEC all thoseispeople once are completely products from global markets, aand, new as with operators. the basic health safety requirements isExpert Theand executive group is Certificates based onsessions IEC 60079-33, users of Exmarkets, equipment, all IEC (ExCB) andpeople the want Test In the IECEx IEC member, explosion protection is the ability of the theto all once we (ExTL). are completely products from a System new as with Forthose those who aLabs comprehensive online training are see in the IECglobal Management (ExCB) and the Test Labs (ExTL).

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Split Croatia on 23 Apri the innovations and consequences we informs the technical management of the started work in May 2019 at the Singapore to fulfill certain safety in to ordercountry developed andispublished, and the second of charge (See:inwww.iecex.com/meeting-a standardisation or conformity assessment, forone IEC This membership.

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57process accepted ExCBs plus 5requirements Applicants and be found the Operational Documen 15.2.). of do decisive importance for the Many57 companies have way Croatia onDocumen 23 Apri read about daily in the media, such as and plantedition and thehas inspection plans and otherFebruary Meetings of IECEx. accepted ExCBs plus 5 Applicants can be found inSplit the Operational 15.2.).

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The pros and cons of digitalisation certificates

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Wearables for the postpandemic industry PPTex Products Why intrinsically safe devices hold the key to true digital transformation A smarter approach to critical alerts and communication

Image: Siemens

18 PPTex – Products

ATEX-rated SOS device monitored by safety management software UK-based Vatix has developed a range of wearable SOS devices to complement its Protector software system. One product suitable for hazardous environments is the Sentinel ATEX, a device which ensures vulnerable workers can raise

The Sentinel ATEX, along with Vatix’ other devices, all report back to the company’s Protector software program. The safety management system allows safety incidents to be logged and added to a virtual timeline, offering an overview of an incident. Alarms

an alert at any time when working in a hazardous area. The Sentinel is fully accredited to both EN60079-0 & EN60079-11 and also works as a man down system where an alert is raised automatically if a worker becomes

are automatically recorded while custom incident types can be created to record any non-emergency incidents.

incapacitated.

The Sentinel has a battery life of up to 20 hours and will alert the wearer when

them. Comprehensive user-specific details, such as medical information, can also be stored. A real-time overview of a location is provided via a map which shows users

the device has low battery, minimising the risk of the device switching off unexpectedly. The Sentinel is rated up to IP67 and offers full two-way audio in the

moving around a site. GDPR regulations can still be complied with as Protector users can choose what data can be shown.

Protector can also be used to generate

event of an incident. Lastly, a dedicated SOS button on the front of the device reduces the risk of the user mistakenly

incident reports and analytics of past events to help prevent similar incidents occurring in the future.

raising an alarm by pushing the wrong button.

Users and devices can be managed by assigning safety devices to those who need

Image: Vatix

www.vatix.com

Connected ear protectors improve productivity and safety UK-based Eave has developed ‘hearable’ technology to keep workers safe and connected when they work in hazardous industrial environments. The MKI smart ear protectors gather data about onsite noise levels while protecting the wearer from excessive noise. The data is automatically reported on the Eave PEAK cloud-based noise monitoring platform, producing a heat map of noise and monitoring the connected workers’ exposure to noise. This ensures that dangerous doses and durations of noise exposure can be avoided to prevent noise induced hearing loss and create an audit trail of compliance to protect companies against future occupational hearing loss claims.

Eave MKI – Image: Eave

The MKI analyses frequencies from four digital microphones, using algorithms that have

The MKI not only protects hearing, but

are more aware of their surroundings

previously only been found in top-of-the-range hearing aids, to sample the ambient noise. The data collected is sent to the securely encrypted PEAK platform enabling site managers and health and safety officers to monitor and map the noise intensity and exposures of their sites

also enables communication in noisy environments. Connected workers can maintain face-to-face communication and make and receive phone calls even in environments with hazardous noise levels. This improved communication

and of any danger. Productivity is increased by eliminating the downtime caused by workers removing their headsets or going off-site to have a conversation.

and operatives from any web browser.

enhances safety and efficiency, as users

www.eave.io/home/

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

PPTex – Products 19

i.safe MOBILE partners with AMA to bring remote assistance to hazardous areas i.safe MOBILE and AMA have announced a strategic partnership to improve safety, efficiency and productivity of field teams in explosive hazardous industrial environments. i.safe MOBILE´s intrinsically safe, rugged smartphones and tablets are tested worldwide and certified

“We are very excited to team up with AMA and enrich our customers’ experience by offering a remote assistance solution on i.safe MOBILE’s rugged devices. Industrial frontline workers will now be able to benefit from unequaled and effective remote assistance,”

by notified bodies to be sure that they satisfy all country-specific requirements.

comments Martin Haaf, CEO at i.safe MOBILE.

iAMA’s XpertEye remote assistance solution, in combination with i.safe MOBILE´s robust devices, brings a new level of performance to

“We are committed to providing our industrial customers with robust, secure, and futureproof solutions. Partnering with i.safe MOBILE

industrial workers and will allow them to take full advantage of assisted reality and guided workflows, even in explosive work environments.

gives us the chance to accelerate the digital transformation of our customers by deploying new technologies into hazard-rated areas,”

Image: i.safe MOBILE

confirms Guillaume Campion, VP Products and Partnerships at AMA. www.isafe-mobile.com/en.html

A new generation of protection in hazardous environments equipment (PPE) can increase the risk of heat stress – but its effect on cognitive functions means individuals often fail to recognise the danger signs. Black Ghost provides a valuable

UK-based wearable tech specialist Equivital

Black Ghost offers a lifeline for those who risk

offers a range of wearables for organisations seeking to reduce mortality from avoidable causes, such as heat stress and falls. The

their own safety every day in the course of their job. It acts as an early-warning system for dangers like heat stress and extreme fatigue, with

be used to spot early signs of fatigue.

network of sensors can be scaled up or down, according to the level of threat to life.

a body-worn monitor keeping track of heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and activity.

A mobile user-friendly interface back at base

sensor in a belt, Equivital offers a choice of modules with different levels of protection. A lightweight, rugged smart watch sensor might

The modular sensors are designed to simplify deployment of Equivital’s Black Ghost physiological monitoring system to military, first

displays and contextualises each individual’s key physiological data in real time – enabling timely intervention before there’s a problem.

be all that’s required. Or if a chest belt gets in the way of a safety harness, for example, it could be replaced by a ‘smart’ shirt to provide

response and industrial customers. The range includes a high-performance, ATEX-approved smart watch.

At the heart of the Black Ghost system is its heat stress algorithm. Wearing personal protective

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20 PPTex – Post-Pandemic Products

T

he COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way

to the post-pandemic industry with as little disruption as

companies operate. With social distancing and stringent

possible. Here are a few Personnel Protection Technologies

hygiene practices now the norm, it is important to adapt

which are helping with this transition to a new normal.

Social distancing wearables reduce anxiety about returning to work Beaconzone’s Social Distancing Solution (SDS) alerts users by emitting a flashing light and/or vibration if they overstep a set distance. The time and duration of a breach is stored, then automatically synchronised with a station for review, tracking and tracing. Close contact event data enables identification of workers at risk so that they may be alerted and improvements made to working methods or patterns. Data is stored for future contact tracing if required.

SDS is a stand-alone ‘out of the box’ solution with no ongoing subscription.

Data stays within the organisation. The wearable devices offer contact-free capability by synchronising automatically and work without Wi-Fi, Ethernet or cellular connection.

Image: Beaconzone

Simon Judge of Beaconzone comments: “Recognising an urgent need for organisations to return to work whilst

in Bluetooth devices to work rapidly in developing this solution. Managers can be confident that members of their

This will support leadership and waylay concerns as we start to get back to work.”

mitigating concerns about social distancing we have applied our expertise

organisations will be automatically reminded to stay a safe distance apart.

www.beaconzone.co.uk

New product launched to prevent people from touching their faces neck device. Any time the user brings their hand close to their face, the neck device gives off an audible alarm to warn

device could help to dramatically reduce the spread of harmful microorganisms, but this product isn’t just confined to the

the user. Patents have been applied for covering the IP that makes the technology work.

current COVID-19 crisis. It can also be used to help people change habits and behaviours, improve their self-hygiene and wellbeing.

Peter Shawyer, Commercial Director of Texcel Technology said, “Studies have shown that on average people touch their faces around 16 times an

“Hugh-Peter approached us with his brainchild, and we were delighted to work with him on this project and turn his

owner Hugh-Peter Kelly has worked with UK-based Texcel Technology to develop a new technology which prevents the spread of harmful bacteria by alerting the user before they touch their face.

The Protactus technology works by the

hour. In the current global pandemic environment, that means during a typical day that’s 256 opportunities for someone to spread harmful bacteria such as the coronavirus.

vision into a working product. We have a fantastic product and are really looking forward to ramping up production as business and consumers see the value of this innovation.”

user wearing simple wrist straps and a

“There are many applications where this

www.protactus.co.uk

Image: Texcel

Seasoned entrepreneur and business

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

PPTex – Post-Pandemic Products 21

Siemens offers real-time locating system employees, to test and optimise the setup of work areas, to validate safety measures, and thus to design future-proof production lines.

Image: Siemens

Siemens has used a combination of hardware

The Simatic RTLS Real-time Locating System offers companies a means of measuring,

e-link display of the transponder. This ensures that social distancing can be implemented continuously on company premises, and also means that in the event of a risk scenario those employees who could be affected by the risk are identified quickly and reliably.

monitoring and maintaining social distancing between employees. Through the interaction of wearable RTLS transponders with infrastructure devices, the movement of employees in all clearly defined areas can be tracked, while observing all applicable data

In addition, the real time data provided by the Simatic RTLS can be combined with a digital twin of the real production environment. In the event of an employee contracting COVID-19, companies can then determine possible

and software to develop a new solution for the challenges that companies face as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The solution enables companies to quickly and efficiently

protection regulations.

control how employees interact with one another, with the production line and with the plant setup. The integrated digital twin helps the company to simulate the safety of

transponders using an algorithm and determines the distances between employees. If the social distance falls below 1.5 metres, a warning signal is sent to all persons involved via the

The additional SieTrace software from Siemens processes the location data from the

interaction scenarios between employees.

Possible “hotspots” for particular risk areas can be identified quickly and easily. Large cost-intensive hygiene measures across the entire site can then be avoided in favour of a focus on specific areas. www.siemens.com/rtls

ELEKSEN Safer Space Wearable Technologies Limited has developed a social distancing solution which can help large industrial customers. ELEKSEN Safer Space detects one worker encroaching into

relating to employee density in different parts of a site. Additional reporting and analytics capabilities include location of alerts, incident hot-spotting, ranking of most at risk workers,

another worker’s 4m and 2m spaces.

compliance comparison, and audit trail to confirm effectiveness.

The ELEKSEN connected industrial worker solution is already in the market, serving sectors such as oil & gas, construction, utilities and warehousing and this is an additional module to this existing platform.

Image: Eleksen

The Safer Space device can also be used as a post-COVID legacy solution to improve worker safety and increase productivity, such as gas alerts, proximity warning systems, and noise alerts.

Benefits to the worker include assisting

protecting themselves and those around them. The device can also help drive correct behavioural changes across the workforce

them to maintain social distancing and

and offers a real-time overview of issues

www.eleksen.com/saferspace

British designer of Storm Trooper headgear develops low-cost PPE helmet Alan Meeks, the British inventor who designed the cordless kettle, Star Wars’ Storm Trooper headgear, and Masuri cricket helmets, along with Steve Jordan, an entrepreneur and inventor, have invented a cost-effective lightweight PPE helmet which will remove the need for social distancing.

injected or vacuum formed shell which would see the unit cost well below £10 per unit.

The hyperLID has smooth external surfaces that are easily wiped down with disinfectant, a spring loaded chin piece that moves away from the face when released to avoid possible

The hyperLID is a new lightweight, air filtering comfortable helmet. From its 3D printed prototype, it is estimated to be a quarter of the weight of a crash helmet, comfortable and able to be worn for long periods of time and

contaminated areas coming in contact with the face, a sealed neck area with a lightweight and comfortable neoprene collar that has a large flap at the front which is fixed with Velcro, so allowing normal head movement.

A visor is pulled in tight with toggle clips to

when it is safe to do so. There is also good audibility as the shell is lightweight, so hearing and being heard is not a problem, and there are air cooling capabilities to keep the wearer

easily mass produced with an ABS plastic

create a seal when closed but can be opened

comfortable.

Image: hyperLID

www.hazardexonthenet.net

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PPTex - Mobile technology 23

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Why intrinsically safe devices hold the key to true digital transformation I

n this article, Sophie Maxwell, Business Development Manager at Getac UK Ltd, explains how intrinsically safe ATEX

allowing organisations to capitalise on big data analytics and boost operational efficiency across the board.

certified devices can help businesses

No two explosive atmospheres are the same According to the UK’s Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002

achieve digital transformation in facilities where the presence of hazardous explosive atmospheres has previously

However, the path to digital transformation isn’t always straightforward. Not least because a significant number of industrial

(DSEAR), an explosive atmosphere is defined as: ‘A mixture of dangerous substances with air,

prevented it.

In recent years, the push for digital transformation in the industrial sector has seen more and more mobile devices being deployed into plants and facilities around the world. For many, the benefits of going digital are now simply too big to ignore, ranging from

plants and facilities simply weren’t built with digitisation in mind. Many contain restricted zones with dangerous explosive atmospheres, where a single stray spark from an electrical device has the potential to cause a catastrophic accident. Until recently, these were firmly designated as ‘pen and paper’ areas, but as more organisations look to

under atmospheric conditions, in the form of gases, vapours, mist or dust in which, after ignition has occurred, combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture.’

improved workflows and asset management to faster, more accurate reporting. But perhaps most importantly, it helps pave the way for greater uptake of IoT technology,

achieve true digital transformation, they must find a way to accommodate devices in such locations without jeopardising worker safety in any way. The question is, how?

case. For instance, the above definition could be applied to a petrol station forecourt just as much as an industrial refining facility, gas wellhead or spray-painting workshop, despite

In reality, no two explosive atmospheres are the same, meaning the level of device safety measures required will also differ from case to

www.hazardexonthenet.net

24 PPTex - Mobile technology

Mobile device technology is rapidly evolving

For this reason, organisations are required

gases/vapours are assigned a rating between 0 (in which an explosive mixture is continuously present or present for long

to closely assess all aspects of their facilities and classify each area based on the true level of risk present. Within the EU, the ATEX classification system is used which combines two European Directives for controlling explosive atmospheres:

periods) and 2 (in which an explosive mixture is not likely to occur in normal operation and if it occurs, will exist only for a short time).

Similarly, zones containing combustible dust or fibres are rated between 20 and 22, based on the same criteria.

1) Directive 99/92/EC (also known as ‘ATEX 137’ or the ‘ATEX Workplace Directive’) on

Each ATEX level contains corresponding guidelines on the safety measures that

a whole has evolved significantly in terms of design, manufacturing and testing. As a result, industrial customers can now choose from a wide range of ATEX certified commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions, which are both versatile and cost efficient, as well as certified safe for ATEX zones 0/20, 1/21 and 2/22, depending on the chosen device.

minimum requirements for improving the health and safety protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres

electronic equipment must incorporate in order to achieve certification for use in that zone. As expected, a device that’s certified for zone 0 requires much more stringent safety features than those required for use in zone 2.

Central to this is the advancement of intrinsically safe design and manufacturing processes. Features required for ATEX zone 2/22 certification, such as port protection,

clear differences in the level of danger posed.

2) Directive 94/9/EC (also known as ‘ATEX 95’ or ‘the ATEX Equipment Directive’) on the approximation of the laws of Members States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres Under the ATEX system, zones containing

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Once assessment has been completed, organisations must ensure that only devices with the corresponding ATEX certification enter that zone, in order to ensure worker safety and achieve/maintain regulatory compliance.

Fortunately, mobile device technology as

temperature control and double fault circuitry are now much more widely available on devices from rugged manufacturers, either as standard or as optional extras. This makes it much easier for organisations to meet the standards required.

PPTex - Mobile technology 25

deployment of ATEX certified devices, there are a number of key purchasing

repaired or even replaced. However, in order for a device to keep its ATEX rating, repair

considerations to bear in mind before making a final decision:

work must be carried out by an approved engineer or third party. If not, compliance will be lost, leaving the organisation exposed to significant liability in the event of an accident.

As such, it’s important to spend time researching the repair/replacement policy for any device being considered. Some

1) Do the device certifications meet the required ATEX zone?

The first thing any organisation must do is carry out an extensive analysis of the environments in question and ensure any devices being considered are certified to the right level. While a device certified for ATEX zone 0/20 would be fine to use in a zone 2/22 environment, the same cannot be said for a zone 2/22 certified device in a zone 0/20 environment. At the same time, there’s no point investing in a fleet of zone 0/20 devices if no such environments are present

Conclusion

within the facility.

With so many manufacturers now claiming

industrial sector, digital devices are finding their way into all sorts of areas where previously there were none. This represents a positive step in terms of productivity and operational efficiency, but it also introduces

to offer ATEX certified devices, taking the time to ensure they are both reputable and experienced in ATEX technology is a key part

a significant level of risk that must be addressed in order to ensure worker safety and regulatory compliance. The growth of

of the process. How long have they been in business? What do existing customers have to say about their devices? What kind

ATEX certified, intrinsically safe devices in recent years has taken much of the pain out of workflow and procurement processes,

of after sales support do they offer? The answers to these questions should play a central role in any final decision.

but with so many options now available, it’s absolutely critical that organisations carry out their due diligence before committing to a

2) Is the manufacturer reputable and experienced?

Of course, devices designed with safety first and foremost will always have to make trade-offs against pure consumer-orientated

All ATEX devices certified for use in Zone 0 and Zone 1 must be tested by an independent third party. Any absence of this should raise immediate alarm bells. Even if certification has taken place, it’s important to investigate who exactly has carried it out and what their standing is within the industry.

There are highly respected and recognised associations out there which specialise in

significantly improved worker safety.

ATEX and IECEx product approvals, however there are also several less scrupulous certification bodies which is why it’s crucial to do some homework in this area before committing.

productivity features alongside the strict safety requirements.

Key purchasing considerations For any organisation looking to achieve true digital transformation through the

As the drive for digital transformation continues to gather pace across the

final purchasing decision.

3) Are the devices third party tested (and by whom)?

laptops and tablets, but these have diminished greatly in recent years. In the past, many ATEX certified devices were cumbersome and outdated right out of the box. Now, the biggest trade-offs tend to be a small weight penalty, slightly dimmer screen (due to lower energy output), and lack of interchangeable battery (due to the device being completely sealed). All of these are small prices to pay for

Even devices specifically designed for more stringent ATEX zones 0/1 are now incredibly capable, offering a wealth of

manufacturers offer warranty that guarantees a device’s ATEX rating is protected in the event of it needing to be repaired.

However, this may not be the case for all manufacturers, so don’t be caught out.

4) What is the repair/replacement policy?

The challenging working conditions of industries such as oil & gas, manufacturing, petrochemicals and refining means accidents inevitably happen, and devices need to be

About the author

Sophie Maxwell is Business Development Manager at Getac, focusing specifically on the Utility and Oil & Gas industries for the UK, Ireland and the Nordics. She has been at Getac for almost 2 years now. After studying Psychology at University, Sophie started off her career in technical sales, selling automation equipment into the manufacturing industry before moving into the IT sector.

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PPTex - Lone workers 27

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A smarter approach to critical alerts and communication I

n an increasingly interconnected

world, businesses from all industries must ensure that cross-team communication is flawless. Not only is it important in order for specific job roles to function effectively, but from a safety perspective as well. From lone workers to those in an ATEX environment, having the right tools to communicate information or critical alerts is absolutely essential, and this means workers must have a dedicated,

Integrated smartphone devices combine reliable communication and comprehensive lone worker protection into a single integrated and adaptable device streamlined and reliable device to hand at all times.

Often, when selecting the right device for these tasks, a smartphone is a common choice. We all use them in our personal lives, not only using them to communicate via phone, but also integrated text messaging, diary alerts, emails and internet access in one device. But businesses need to analyse the numerous options available to suit their unique set of challenges, from operating systems (OS) to format and functionality. It’s definitely not the straightforward buying decision

www.hazardexonthenet.net

28 PPTex - Lone workers that many managers presume it is. After all, smartphone purchases can often be

safety devices as well as primary communication tools. By combining device

more susceptible to an attack or robbery, alarms can be activated, which will then

based on emotion rather than any sort of logical reasoning, because when it comes to the latest technology people frequently go for their preferred personal option, for instance the latest iPhone model. However, when applying this technology to business

functionalities in this way, employers can reduce the number of technology products employees have to learn and carry, and create the most efficient approach to employee wellbeing; offering vast savings in training, technology purchases and

alert the appropriate response teams to provide the necessary support as quickly as possible. These features are crucial within a safety context and can save business vast amounts in costs, both financial and human.

environments, that’s not necessarily the smartest route to follow. Klaus Allion, ANT Telecom Managing Director, examines what it could cost businesses that fail to give the decision deeper consideration.

maintenance.

Choosing from the crowd

Smartphones that have been adapted and chosen correctly, can also be used as lone worker devices and be optimised to enable

With a vastly distributed workforce in constant operation across many industries, smartphones enable organisations to stay in regular contact with their employees,

With so much choice in lone working and communications solutions for manufacturing environments, it’s

features such as push to talk technology.

As well as other functions, for instance being able to help rapid response teams find lone workers through real time maps

digitise many necessary processes, as well as delivering welcomed health and safety benefits to staff. Integrated smartphone devices combine reliable communication

challenging for businesses to identify the most appropriate device for them.

The familiarity and perceived low overall cost of smartphones often make them

or easy troubleshooting capabilities for engineers. There are even apps available that disable certain mobile phone functions, to help those long-haul delivery drivers

and comprehensive lone worker protection into a single integrated and adaptable device that can be an ideal solution once specifically tailored. By working with

an attractive option for many. But businesses frequently overlook the key functionalities that can take the standard

to maintain their focus for instance, or so night-shift workers don’t rack up business phone bills - whilst still being an intrinsically

an unbiased supplier, businesses can work collaboratively to analyse these components and ensure they get it right for

smartphone technology to the next level, and augment it into a multifunctional tool that unites several aspects into a single device to help a business to manage its

safe device. This is particularly important as statistics from the British Security Industry Association cite that the employees facing the greatest levels of risk are delivery and

employees using it on a day to day basis, to maximise productivity and safety at the same time, and to achieve this level of tailored functionality at ease.

alarms, communicate with colleagues and crucially, keep them safe. Simply buying the cheapest, most basic tier

HGV drivers. However, not all these apps are available on Android and IOS, which means that unless businesses do the

smartphones could spell disaster, because with unnecessary features still enabled, such as access to social media, or a lack

proper research, they may end up with the wrong device - a costly mistake.

of compatibility with certain safety apps, employers are risking the safety of entire teams and individuals through distraction

To avoid this, each organisation must be aware that it will have its own unique set of challenges, and while the internet

or a complicated setup.

Therefore, once a business has determined

makes it easy to compare the technical specifications of individual smartphones, some key features can easily be

that a smartphone is the best device to meet their needs, they must then take a detailed look into what they require as an organisation, and any particular ways to integrate it into other areas of the business.

For instance, teams operating in ATEX environments require a smartphone that is intrinsically safe and may also need a

overlooked. For example, for manufacturing environments or ATEX zones, is the smartphone compliant with regulations and does it offer a button that can be pressed to raise an immediate alert, even if the phone is locked? If not, is that device the right fit for every potential scenario the employees may face?

device that can withstand being dropped or can be used by multiple shift operatives with a hot swappable battery.

Safety built-in

It’s not just about the physical handset either, smartphones can be more than

Choosing a device with smart integrated lone worker functionality means devices can be equipped with panic buttons, tilt and no-motion sensors as well as impact alarms. So, for example, when a driver is

phones, they can be turned into streamlined

parked up in a layby or an estate and is

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Conclusion

About the author

Klaus Allion is Managing Director at ANT Telecom, a bespoke telecommunications provider based in High Wycombe, UK. He has over 25 years’ experience working in the telecommunication industry including roles as Divisional Manager at Bosch Telecom UK and Sales & Marketing Director at ASC.

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Intrinsic Safety 31

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Intrinsic Safety – separating fact from fiction H

ow well do we understand Intrinsic Safety and how to achieve it?

Roger Highton, Product Line Manager

from occurring by ensuring that the energy transferred to a hazardous area is well below the energy required to initiate an

by installing equipment that has been specifically designed to meet IS requirements along with a suitable IS

for MTL Process Connectivity Products at Eaton, separates the facts from the fiction.

explosion. This energy can take the form of an electrical spark, or a hot surface.

interface. Where intrinsically safe equipment is interconnected by wiring, the safety of each piece of equipment is affected by

Achieving intrinsic safety (IS) in industrial applications is an essential part of

The major advantage of intrinsic safety is that it provides a solution to all the problems of hazardous areas (for equipment requiring

the performance of the other pieces of apparatus in the circuit. The IS technique relies on the system being correctly

protecting people, plant and product from risk. Despite this, common misunderstandings about IS persist.

limited power) and is the only technique which meets this criterion. In addition, the IS technique is universally accepted and

designed and intrinsic safety becomes a system concept. Other methods of explosion protection are also dependent

The aim of this article is to summarise the basic principles that underly IS design and to debunk some of the most common areas of misunderstanding.

is incorporated under all local legislation: including ATEX and OSHA.

on the system concept to some extent, but it is a fundamental requirement of intrinsic safety.

The presence of potentially flammable substances is a common occurrence in virtually any industry. Whether the environment is an offshore oil rig, a chemical plant, a flour mill, a water treatment works or a vehicle paint-shop, if flammable gases, dusts or vapours accumulate in sufficient concentration there is a risk of fire or explosion. Intrinsic safety is an electrical design approach that prevents explosions

Based on our experience, here are the five key assumptions that are made about IS – and why they are true or false.

Assumption #1 – Adding an IS interface will make my equipment intrinsically safe

Assumption #2 – The safety description of the IS interface is compatible with the IS device, design complete!

This is a common myth, but a potentially dangerous one. Adding an IS interface (isolator or barrier) does not make any equipment intrinsically safe. Mitigation

On its own, assessing the safety description compatibility by checking that the voltage, current and power outputs (Uo, Io and Po) of the IS interface is less than the voltage, current and power inputs (Ui, Ii and Pi)

of explosion risk can only be achieved

of the IS device does not guarantee that

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Intrinsic Safety 33

components selected for IS environments will function effectively. The first step is to

(0.6V) in the power supply voltage would cause failure of the loop.

and safe area connections. They require a safety earth that is regularly tested as

ensure that the device is fully compliant and meets the relevant safety requirements. The second step is all about the practicalities. Will the device function properly? For interfaces, this requires careful checking of operational parameters such as voltage and current.

Isolating barriers and active barriers provide a guaranteed minimum voltage which, for a typical isolator used in this application, is a minimum of 16.5V at 20mA. So, with an available voltage drop for cabling of 16.5-

it is a fundamental requirement of the safety of this technique. IS isolators are more complex with a shorter Mean Time To Failure (MTTF). They are application specific, can be used with a wide range of power supplies, can provide higher

To illustrate this point, let us consider an application for an analogue input with a 2-wire loop powered transmitter (see Figure 1 on page 35). This will have a minimum operational voltage, typically 10.5V. The IS interface must be able to supply this voltage after subtracting the voltage drop in the cabling.

10.5 = 6V, this solution provides a much greater operational margin.

Assumption #3 – Zener barriers and isolators are interchangeable

voltage in both hazardous and safe area connections, and simplify regular inspection requirements.

Assumption #4 – It doesn’t matter what cabling you use if the equipment is certified IS

Let’s consider a passive barrier for this

There are two types of IS interfaces widely adopted by users of intrinsic safety: IS Zener barriers and IS isolating barriers. An end user site will usually have elected to

application, assessing the voltage drop across both channels of the barrier plus the voltage drop across the typical 250Ω safe area load using Ohm’s Law. The calculation

use one or the other, so it is recommended that they continue to use the same interface type. These interfaces have very different installation and maintenance requirements,

capabilities, they can affect system safety.

Consequently, the system design imposes restrictions on the value for each of these parameters: but only rarely is there a

is as follows:

so it is important to understand them.

serious limitation placed on the available cable.

As a result, we can see that the cable

Most IS Zener barriers are simple, versatile,

resistance could be 26Ω, which – with a cable resistance of 50Ω/km – could support 520m of cable. However, just a small drop

loop powered interfaces that require a tightly controlled power source, with limited voltage available in both hazardous

VDrop Barrier

= Imax x (RChannel 1 + RChannel 2) + VDiode Drop

= 20mA/1000 x (333Ω + 21Ω) + 0.9V = 7.98 V VDrop Load Resistor

= Imax x RLoad = 20mA/1000 x 250Ω = 5V

VDrop Cable

= VPower Supply – VDrop Barrier – VDrop Load – VOperating Voltage

= 24V – 7.98V – 5V – 10.5V = 0.52V RCable Cable length

= VDrop Cable/ Imax = 0.52V /20mA/1000 = 26Ω = RCable/ROne km Cable = 26Ω/50Ω/km = 0.52km

Because cables have inductance and capacitance, and hence energy storage

As cable faults are taken into account during the system analysis, the type of cable in individual installations is not closely specified in the system standard. The choice is therefore determined by the need for reliable system operation. Where intrinsically safe systems are combined in a multi-core, then there are special requirements. These determine which additional faults have to be considered.

Intrinsic safety does not require mechanical protection of the cable with armour or conduit, permitting the use of conventional

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34 Intrinsic Safety instrumentation cables and thus reducing costs. The cable parameter checks are straightforward, simply requiring that the capacitance and inductance of the cable and field devices is less than the capacitance and inductance allowed for the IS interface for the Gas Group in which the equipment is installed. Usual practice is to calculate the maximum cable length allowed for a particular installation, ensuring this is not exceeded when designing the cable runs.

Assumption #5 – Under Ex ic, the IS system rules are not as strict in Zone 2 as they are for Zone 1 This erroneous assumption arises from a misinterpretation of the Ex designations.

Hazardous Area

Safe Area

Intrinsically Safe Circuit

Associated Apparatus VDrop Cable

VDrop Barrier

VOperating Voltage

VDrop

RChannel 1

Load

VPower Supply

VDiode + RChannel 2

0V Control System AI Card

Intrinsically Safe Instrument

Figure 1 – This illustration shows an analogue input with a 2-wire loop powered transmitter.

Conclusion Misunderstandings about the nature and application of intrinsic safety continue in our industry, and we should take every opportunity

Intrinsic safety utilises three levels of protection, ‘ia’, ‘ib’ and ‘ic’ which balance the probability of an explosive atmosphere being present

to challenge and correct them.

against the probability of an ignition-capable

responsibility for the adequacy of the design

situation occurring. The use of these levels of protection ensures that equipment suitable for each level of risk is available (normally ‘ia’ is

and the safety implications of the use of the system in association with hazardous areas. The designer must therefore have an

used in Zone 0, ‘ib’ in Zone 1 and ‘ic’ in Zone 2). The Zone 2 designation indicates that the risk of an explosive is infrequent.

appropriate level of knowledge and training and should recognise the importance of getting the analysis right.

Until Ex ic was incorporated in the intrinsically safe standards, the designer had to assess the risk of different wiring options with minimal

The analysis of simple systems is relatively easy and can be done by any competent professional engineer. Sourcing IS equipment

guidelines on installation. There are now clear guidelines on how intrinsically safe equipment should be installed and maintained in Zone

from reputable manufacturers may provide further reassurance and expertise. For more complex systems – such as those using a

2 designated areas. One example is a requirement for segregation of an exposed IS conductor of at least 50mm from a non-IS

combination of non-linear and linear sources of power where a greater degree of experience is required – it may be desirable to approach

circuit, which makes the requirements for layout of a marshalling panel clear.

an ‘approved certification body’ to provide an analysis for such a system.

About the author

The IS system designer must accept

Roger Highton is Product Line Manager for MTL Process Connectivity Products for Eaton. Roger has worked in the automation industry for more than 25 years, with a special interest in working with end users on the development and adoption of new connectivity and digitisation technology.

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The Call for Papers for Hazardex 2021 is now open and we are seeking submissions from contributors with experience and knowledge of the process safety and high hazard sectors.

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36 Certification easily extend the process to a whole year with double the cost.

To begin with, an application for certification requires an understanding of where the product will be sold, installed, and used. This will help to identify applicable certification requirements and standards, which vary from

Don’t spend too much time and money on hazardous location certification C

ertification by an impartial third-

approval of unfamiliar certifying agencies;

one jurisdiction to another. The certification process for electrical products designed for use in hazardous locations in North America, for example, is different than the requirements for International (IECEx) and European certification (ATEX). In some cases, manufacturers might want to get all three marks and certifications, in order to sell their product anywhere in the world. This adds costs to the certification process and might take longer, especially if the manufacturer is not familiar with or ready to meet each of the requirements.

The manufacturer needs to know what directives, regulations, or code of practice apply in each jurisdiction where the product

party or certification agency is an attestation that relevant safety and performance standards have been met.

Certification of electrical products being

meet additional regulations and even overcome language barriers, to name just a few of the challenges.

will be purchased, installed, and used, as well as the standards for that specific product.

They also need to anticipate the impact of those standards on product design, the

designed and manufactured for use in hazardous locations and explosive atmospheres (Ex equipment) is especially

The certification process, no matter how complex, cannot be avoided and is a requirement for manufacturers wanting

relevant technical guidelines, appropriate protection techniques for those installations, what hazardous location markings are

stringent because of the risk of explosion related to them. Such catastrophic events can result in loss of life and the

their electrical products to be approved for use. Certification translates into consumer confidence in both the manufacturers and

required, and what will expected at each phase of the certification application, including testing and sampling.

destruction of property, not to mention damage done to the reputations of the designer, manufacturer, installer and even

their products. It enables a product’s end user to procure the correct equipment for a specific application. Certification, and its enforcement

Time spent ensuring that a product meets standards and technical guidelines is time

the certifying agency.

by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), gives manufacturers comfort in knowing that that their products continue to comply with

wasted if the proper standard/guideline was not correctly identified and referenced at the outset. The standards themselves are

the relevant safety standards from design to installation to use in the field. Certification gives the AHJ the right to inspect and enforce the requirements of the applicable codes, regulations and standards. Liability is no longer solely borne by the manufacturer.

complex and may require interpretation. The language used in them include references such as “applies only to”, or “except as permitted by subrule…” or “unless otherwise specified”. Rules are typically numbered (e.g., Rule 10-212(2) or Article 3.6.2.8) and often refer to subrules, notes and appendices that may also apply. Manufacturers do not

Here, Behzad Nejad, Director and a consulting engineer at Hazcon Inc, explains how despite the necessity to gain hazardous area certification, some manufacturers are spending too much time and money on the process.

Certification requirements have become more complex since their introduction. Given

So, if certification is an integral part of getting

today’s global marketplace, the chances are high that a new product must also be approved by authorities in other jurisdictions.

Manufacturers of products intended for use outside their country of origin may have to deal with foreign engineering firms and

a product to market, why do so many manufacturers spend more time and pay more money than necessary for this process?

The answer lies in their lack of preparedness for each stage of the application process. An efficient process can take between two and

always ‘speak the language’ found in these documents.

unfamiliar equipment distributors; gain the

four months. An ill prepared application can

the manufacturer submits documents and

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Navigating the certification process efficiently The certifying agency controls the process:

Certification 37

waits for a response. Manufacturers begin the process by initiating a Request for Quotation

This separation will be helpful when internal documentation and non-safety details need

It is wiser to be well prepared for success than to receive notice that a certification

from the certifying agency. Manufacturers’ proposal documents at this stage must contain only the information required and in enough detail that an accurate quote can be obtained quickly, thus reducing the time span of the entire process.

to be updated; such updating can then take place without engaging the approval agency.

As a general principle, it’s important, when preparing for certification, to anticipate what will be involved in maintaining it.

application has failed. Know in advance what your plans are for your product; know the applicable standards and technical guidelines; know what documents you will be expected to provide to the certifying agency; and anticipate the need to provide samples. If

If critical information required is not provided, or is described with insufficient detail, the certifying body will need additional time to contact the manufacturer to obtain the required details, assess them, and then

Manufacturers also need to anticipate the certifying body’s requirements for testing – by preparing the number of samples that will be required, and in the correct configuration.

Manufacturers can begin preparing them, so once samples are requested, they can be

you follow this advice, your process may be shortened. Delays are never pleasant, and especially ones that can be avoided.

provide a quote.

provided immediately.

The initial request should include a general description of the product (main and safety

Failure to consider the certifying agency’s requirements and to anticipate them may

parts), electrical ratings, hazardous location markings, list of applicable standards, type of certification(s) requested, and protection techniques. In some cases, more than

mean having to redesign the product, repeat certain steps, redo documentation, and create new drawings – all of which unnecessarily adds time and costs to the process.

one method of protection is needed. Each protection technique needs to be separately designed by the manufacturer and individually

For example, let’s take the certification process for a hazardous location LED fixture,

evaluated and tested by the certifying agency.

Given a quotation from the certifying agency, the manufacturer can anticipate what will

Zone 1 application. The certification process should take three months to complete.

However, if the manufacturer is not prepared to design the LED arrays, driver and internal

be required next. This information is spelled out in checklists that certifying agencies use to determine compliance. It is in the

PCB components based on requirements in the standards, the process can easily take up to six or eight months.

manufacturer’s best interests to assess, use and submit the checklist(s) as a selfassessment. These checklists are used by

It is in manufacturers’ best interests to move their products quickly through the design,

certification agencies to better understand a product and complete the assessment and evaluation more quickly. Manufacturers who

testing, approval, and production stages into the marketplace to keep pace with rapidly changing technology. The certification

are prepared for this stage will be able to speed up the process.

process takes time: it involves assessing the required technical documentation, testing the product against the relevant standards, and

The scheduled drawings should be separated from manufacturing drawings and must contain information critical to the compliance of the product with the applicable standard(s).

ensuring compliance with the applicable legal framework and all the certification rules and procedures.

About the author

Behzad Nejad, P.Eng., is the Director and a consulting engineer at Hazcon Inc., where he provides hazardous location consulting services (IECEx, ATEX, Canadian Electrical Code and National Electrical Code) for manufacturers of electrical products. He has a Masters Degree in Electrical Engineering and has been a member of Professional Engineers Ontario/Canada since 2013. Behzad’s experience in the industry also includes seven years at CSA Group’s certification agency.

He has published and presented technical articles and tutorials on hazardous locations at several IEEE/PCIC conferences, and is also a part-time instructor at Seneca College, teaching electrical courses since 2014. You can reach him at behzad@hazcon.com.

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38 Fire & Explosion Prevention

Improve process safety with fire & explosion prevention and inerting control

Figure 1 – The fire triangle depicting the three elements required to start a fire

C

hemically, a fire is simply the oxidation of a fuel with an explosion being the oxidation of the fuel at an extremely fast rate.

While not all fires will result in explosions, the effects of either can be devastating in terms of injury or death to personnel and destruction of equipment and other property.

flammable or combustible materials and does not take into account other causes, as for example, the explosion of a tank or vessel due to hydraulic or pneumatic overpressure. Here’s how inerting control can help prevent fires/explosions and improve process safety.

to oxidise the fuel. Finally, an ignition source that will kick start the oxidation process in the form of a spark, a heated surface or anything else that can supply the energy to initiate the chemical reaction.

This article makes reference to fires

For a fire to start, three elements must be present. First, some type of fuel must be

These three elements are commonly referred to as the fire triangle (see Figure 1). Since all three are needed for a fire, it is only necessary to remove just one of them since the others will not be able to complete the reaction. Once the fire has

or explosions only when dealing with

available. Second, the presence of oxygen

started, as long as there is sufficient fuel

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limits are LFL/UFL 15/28%. Most substances have an experimentally determined LFL and UFL and the data is readily publicised (see Table 1 for several examples).

Acetone

Ammonia

Butane

Ethane

Ethanol

Gasoline

Hexane

Hydrogen

Methanol

Propane

Toluene

Xylene

Fire & Explosion Prevention 39

LFL

2.6

15.0

1.8

3.0

3.3

1.2

1.2

4.0

6.7

2.1

1.2

1.1

UFL

13.0

28.0

8.4

12.4

19.0

7.1

7.4

75.0

36.0

9.5

7.1

6.6

Table 1 – Examples of the upper and lower limits for a few common gases. Concentrations are in percent by vol (%vol).

and oxygen available, the table:] reaction will be 1 – Examples gasoline andof Xylene or othersand that lower use a fire to occur. For example, [Insert caption with Table the upper limitspresent for a for few common self-sufficient and there will be no need alcohols like Ethanol for extraction and Butane (C4H10) has an LFL of 1.8% and gases.

Concentrations are in percent by vol (%vol). for an external heat source (the flames themselves are the heat source). So, the idea is to stop a fire before it happens.

purification, especially if the alcohol is a UFL of 8.4%. This means that if there is distilled later using heat. Keep in mind that less than 1.8% of Butane in air, or more while some materials are obvious fuels, like than 8.4% of it, it will not burn. Different hydrocarbon, others like1very fine determined dusts substances will haveair different LFL/UFLs, andaUFL values in Table were using normal

It’s important to note that the LFL A point that must(air be emphasised is that are not so Ammonia’s oxygen levels containing 20.9% oxygen).

If obvious. an inert gas, such as nitrogen,forisexample, introduced then(NH3) the limits are blanketing works to prevent a hazardous LFL/UFL 15/28%. Most substances have available oxygen is reduced by means of dilution. By introducing enough inert gas the oxygen can be situation from developing, not just to LFL, UFL and LOC an experimentally determined LFL and forced down to a level where combustion is no longer possible. That point isUFL defined as the limiting reduce the catastrophic consequences Even when fuel and oxygen are present, and the data is readily publicised (see oxygen concentration of the amount combustion after the operation has had a(LOC). fire or It is a measurement adding an ignition source may notof oxygen below Table 1which for several examples). explosion. There are a number of devices available that help reduce the impact and

necessarily start a fire. The fuel and oxygen have to be within a certain ratio that is

It’s important to note that the LFL and UFL

spread of a fire or explosion, such as flame arresters, backflow preventers or even sprinklers; however, blanketing works well before that point has been reached and

dependent on the type of fuel. The lower flammability limit (LFL) and the upper flammability limit (UFL), sometimes known as the lower and upper explosivity limits

values in Table 1 were determined using normal air oxygen levels (air containing 20.9% oxygen). If an inert gas, such as nitrogen, is introduced then the available

adds a layer of safety.

The oxygen and heat portion of the

(LEL and UEL) indicate the minimum and maximum amounts of fuel that could become flammable in the presence of

oxygen is reduced by means of dilution.

By introducing enough inert gas the oxygen can be forced down to a level

triangle are a constant for manufacturing processes; however, the fuel part of the equation would vary depending on the

a normal air atmosphere. LFL and UFL are measured in volume percent of the fuel, typically at 25°C unless otherwise

where combustion is no longer possible.

That point is defined as the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC). It is a measurement

actual process and in some cases, it can be more than one combined. Examples could be industries that deal in the

noted. LFL and UFL can be thought of as limit conditions when there is either insufficient fuel (LFL) or when there is too

of the amount of oxygen below which combustion is not possible regardless of the amount of fuel. If the atmosphere

packaging of chemicals such as Acetone,

much fuel (UFL) for the amount of oxygen

around a potential fuel is kept below the LOC, no flammability is theoretically possible.

Note that LFL, UFL and LOC are experimentally determined for a binary mixture; therefore, they are not exact and should not be used to indicate a strict line of demarcation between flammable and non-flammable concentrations in air. In order to avoid risks, safety margins need

Figure 2 – Pressure method (PM) of blanketing

to be added. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is an international non-profit association that has a number of standard setting committees dedicated to the prevention of fires. In particular NFPA standard 69 sets guidelines for systems designed to prevent fires and explosions in

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40 Fire & Explosion Prevention compatibility issues with some of the oxygen sensors.

Water steam is a particularly good gas to use in inerting flammable systems but has a number of drawbacks that severely limits its usage. Steam is a high pressure, high temperature gas that may not be suitable for a number of containers or products that may need to stay at low pressures and/or room temperature. In addition, steam has a potential to condense and the liquid water could cause rust of internal surfaces, degradation of product or some Figure 3 – Timed volume method (TVM) of blanketing

other undesirable effect. Steam has a niche application in the decommissioning of tanks of flammable substances for example, in which it will not only inert any

enclosures. NFPA69 sets recommended oxygen levels based on LOC. The standard, which is followed in the US, specifies a requirement to maintain oxygen

Which inerting gas is right for your process?

Several inert gases are available to increase safety during manufacturing.

Nitrogen, due to its extensive availability,

levels 2 %vol below the worst credible LOC for a particular fuel. However, if the LOC is below 5%, it should be no higher than

Regardless of which is used, the basic process remains the same, and selection depends on factors such as cost and

relative low cost, inerting properties and the fact it is supplied in a large variety of container sizes, or even generated on-site

60% of the LOC. For example, if the LOC of a gas is 12%, then the maximum oxygen content specified by NFPA69 is less than 10%. For a gas with a LOC of 4%, the

availability. Typical gases used are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and even steam.

seems to be the most popular choice.

If gases other than nitrogen are used, be sure to use the appropriate reference values for LFL, UFL and LOC.

maximum oxygen level is set at less than 2.4%, or 60% of 4%. The standard also provides different guidelines if oxygen is

Pure, dry nitrogen is probably the most common gas used for blanketing in inerting systems, but it is certainly not

measured continuously or only periodically. the only one. Other gases also used are isIt should not possible regardless ofLOC the amount of fuel.

If the atmosphere around also be noted that typical carbon dioxide, argon and even steam reportedthe values assume nitrogen as the is theoretically from water. possible.

Carbon dioxide and argon are below LOC, no flammability

flammable remnants, but can also clean their internal surfaces.

Blanketing techniques There are three main techniques to accomplish blanketing: the pressure

a method, potential kept method the fuel timedisvolume and the oxygen measurement and

Methane

Propane

Hydrogen

Methanol

exposure. However, there are significant

Hexane

case of carbon dioxide, it may present

Ethylene

Table 2 for some examples).

Cyclopropane

control method. Each requires a different set of hardware to accomplish the ultimate goal of reducing oxygen

Butadiene

as effective as nitrogen, but for operations that require large amounts, their cost can be prohibitive, and in the particular

Benzene

inerting gas. If other gases are used, as for example carbon dioxide (CO2), or argon (Ar), the LOC values could be different (see

LOC (N2/air)

11.2

10.4

11.7

10.0

12.1

12.0

11.5

5.0

10.0

LOC (CO2/air)

13.9

13.0

13.9

11.7

14.5

14.5

14.5

5.2

12.0

Limits calculated per NFPA69 (N2)

9.2

8.4

9.7

8.0

10.1

10.0

9.5

3.0

8.0

Table 2: Examples of some fuels and their LOC in %vol, along with the NFPA69 limit (adapted from https://www.boconline.co.uk/en/images/Inerting-in-thechemical-industry_tcm410-166975.pdf, pg. 37)

[Insert caption with table:] Table 2: Examples of some fuels and their LOC in %vol, along with the NFPA69 limit (adapted from https://www.boconline.co.uk/en/images/Inerting-in-the-chemicalwww.hazardex-event.co.uk industry_tcm410-166975.pdf, pg. 37)

Fire & Explosion Prevention 41

provides for an automatic mechanism to blanket a process and to verify its condition. Other systems may achieve similar results but have the drawback of not being able to provide real time verification of oxygen levels and only rely on theoretical calculations. In addition, a blanketing system as the one described here has the potential to be able to reduce long term operating costs by only using the minimum amount of nitrogen, or any other inert gas, as needed to achieve the full desired protection.

About the authors Figure 4 – Example of blanketing using oxygen measurement and control (OMC)

differences in short and long-term costs and in the reliability and accuracy that can be expected.

Pressure Method (PM)

amount of oxygen in the tank. The sensor output is fed into an electronic analyser that will read the information and interpret it. The analyser decides to either open or

After a container has been properly purged and its initial oxygen content reduced

close a valve that would allow inerting gas into the vessel and would close the valve once oxygen is below the desired level.

to the desired set point, by maintaining a positive pressure using a pressure regulator on the inerting gas line, any ambient air will be prevented from entering

The analyser can be located right next to the process using appropriate enclosures, as mandated by local fire codes, or away from it using safety barriers on the

the vessel, thus keeping oxygen levels low (see Figure 2 on page 39). The positive pressure of the inert gas will allow air to

connecting wiring.

leak out preventing air from leaking in.

The pressure regulator in this system will sense the pressure in the container being

methods, oxygen is actually measured and controlled to a precise level without making assumptions or estimations.

blanketed and when it falls below a preset level, it will open the valve that admits the inerting gas.

Conclusion

Timed Volume Method (TVM)

In this method, unlike the previous two

There are a number of options when it comes to gas blanketing as we have discussed previously, but regardless of the particular method used and the set-

In this technique, a continuous flow of inerting gas is kept on an initially purged vessel at all times by means of a flow meter (see Figure 3 on page 40). By keeping a continuous flow, any air that may enter the vessel is purged out and replaced with inerting gas. This technique, similarly to the pressure method technique

up, their use will always result in a safer process.

covered before, cannot control the oxygen level to a given value.

associated with flammability or an explosion. In some cases, it can eliminate the degradation of food items that may oxidise and become rancid and unusable.

Oxygen Measurement and Control (OMC)

Gus Rolotti is the Director of Sales New Business Development for the GAS Analysis division of Neutronics, Inc. During his 30year professional experience, Gus has been a technical service director dealing with pressurised vessels in the chemical HVAC industry and a field engineer troubleshooting delivery and packaging issues.

Blanketing a process with an inert gas such as nitrogen for example, provides for an effective way to reduce or even eliminate the presence of oxygen from it. This can help eliminate the dangers

This technique (see Figure 4) uses an

Using a set up with an oxygen sensor, an

oxygen sensor to constantly measure the

analyser and a sample delivery system

Bill Carlson is the Director of Technical Services for the Gas Analysis division of Neutronics Inc. He has dedicated the majority of his 29-year tenure to the design and development of oxygen-based inert gas control systems for the chemical, pharmaceutical, paints and coatings, adhesives, and personal care industries.

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ty

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Before Measurement and Control – Ex Special Interest Group

ring, the Netherlands. The Apple iPhone 11 n hazardous locations. The explosion proof ured by Apple than converted and certified s by Atexxo Manufacturing. makes Ex-SIG the TheThis InstMC won the Best User se in gas /vapor zone 2 hazardous areas. (zone e installed by the end-userApplication themselves. award at the Hazardex 2020

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All features information of the original or monitoring of shaft in Harrogate, UK slip on February position, direction, speed, etc is face scanner can rotation, be usedExhibition safely at hazardous required!

26. The Hazardex awards are designed

Features: Asecos Type 90T4 storage • Explosion safetyLabtex’s level: II 3G ; Ex ec ic IIC Gc cabinets provide extremely safe, regulation-compliant • Charger 110-240VAC storage oflevel. hazardous materials in laboratories • Charger engagement at a50/60Hz professional and other work spaces. Each cabinet variant Applications: Hazardous material storage, petro is furnace tested in accordance with EN chemical plants and oil and gas extraction sites.

14470-1 and proven toingive fire resistance of The qualifi cation is based on peer review Atexxo Manufacturing is market leading inrobust the field 90 minutes.

Extremely in construction of usermanner friendly and to install explosion proof the same as easy IEng/CEng, with a similar for maximum torsional rigidity and with tamper equipment. proof and indicators application process, and is lock overseen by the built in, every ASECOS cabinet has GS approval and For more information or custom solutions CE conformity.

In addition the Q range is offered in range of scratch-resistant paint Institute’s Professional Registration Committee. please contact colours our sales or interior visit equipment options Warranty cover is available up anddepartment with extensive our website www.atexxo.com to 10 years.

pro max) comes with a black case finish and is toMotion recognise excellence in used the hazardous Sensor’s can be for sions. Beside safeRotech use as a phone all versions indication, control, interlocking, protection, Tel:+44 (0)1484 600200 ement and area sector and has become the The Institute has a range of Special Interest y safe camera or RFID scanner.

Please contact Greg Smith at greg@labtex.co.uk sequencing, alarm initiations and many ospheres benchmark for those supplying products, Groups, which members of the Institute can join more functions!

SIG) aims services and systems. More details can be for free as a membership benefit, including: The EVL series lighting fixtures innovated and enhanced Motion Sensor’s can be EEMUA Publication 177 - Guide to the and support Rotech found at www.hazardex-event.co.uk.

• Explosive Atmospheres used wherever materials are The EVL series of LED lighting fixtures, launched by Systems Safety Regulations (2000) velopment in the • Functional Safety transported or processed

UK Pressure

Cortem Group in 2015 and available in four sizes,

ge of activitiesBy conveyors, The Institute of Measurement andhas Control also and enhanced • Flow to offer an even elevators, been innovated Edition 3 is a practical guide to interpreting the Pressure Systems mixers, etc!

Safety Regulations (PSSR) that relate to periodic examination of safer and more performing• product. p is producingscrews, offers a professional level qualification in Ex Cybersecurity pressure systems.

• New “Ex op is” certificate ROADSTONE o help inform matters: ‘Registered Explosive Atmospheres • Digital Transformation This new edition with updated guidance on postponing • New multi-LED plate Regulation 9, and revisions on Regulation 10 • Newmembers range of the ambient temperature to -40°Cexaminations + 60°C andwithin temperature STONE hese are first Engineer’. This is available to InstMC • Measurement for acting in cases of Imminent Danger – including a flowchart to classes colder (T5) with gas group IIB+H2 and IIC POWER STATIONS e SIG before who are registered with the Engineering Council • Standards • New supply voltages range from 12 to 277V aid Competent Persons when they consider referrals to the British

ble. An example s included on

Health Safety Executive as IEng/CEng, and whoAGGREGATE can demonstrate • New…AND powers MANY available MORE! start from 20W up to 220W, withand steps of 10W and (HSE).

20W It gives additional guidance on modifying & repairing under Regulation 13, and also addresses • Different lumen outputs ranging from a minimum of 1,700lm to a maximum appropriate ‘competence & commitment’ Further details may be Regulations found at the 2, 7,Institute’s 8 and Schedule 2. of 21,000lm RELIABILITY As well as being a good companion document to the HSE ‘Safety of Pressure in the Ex discipline, together with•ongoing www.instmc.org Transportable versionwebsite with electronic driver and a model specifically designed for

use use Twitter?

Twitter?

Web: rotechsystems.co.uk Email: sales@rotechsystems.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)151 356 2322

Systems’ Approved Code of Practice (free from the HSE website), much of the general

a rapid and a timely replacement of the old generation discharge lighting fixtures advice in EEMUA 177 is relevant to practice outside the UK. installed directly on a pole. https://www.eemua.org/Products/Publications/Digital/EEMUAwww.cortemgroup.com info@cortemgroup.com Publication-177.aspx Monitoring the world

at @HazardEx for yers Guide EEMUA Publication 186 - A Practitioner’s at @HazardEx for Handbook for potentially explosive atmospheres and discussions Data files ControltoPanels Schmersal produces access control systems support retailers during coronavirus crisis and discussions EEMUA 186 offers guidance for safe installation, inspection afety inThethe worlds Schmersal Group has developed a digital access light (green, yellow, red) with buzzer and a programmable and maintenance work in potentially explosive atmospheres. afety incontrol the worlds system that makes it easier to comply with 186 focuses on ignition caused by electrical safety relay module from the PROTECT SRB-E series.

EEMUA zard industries coronavirus regulations in public spaces without This module is normally used to monitor safety switchgear and mechanical sources and interprets relevantCONTROL parts MATION & TECHNOLOGY AUTOMATION & TECHNOLOGY zard CONTROL industries considerable staff expenditure. and achieves the maximum safety level in machine safety. of international and European standards, directives and The ‘Schmersal Human Counter’ (SHCIO-20) is an

The traffic-light system is quick and easy to install, Your Total Solutions Provider requiring just a conventional 230 V socket; the counter EEMUA 186 covers application design engineering and automatically counts theofnumber of visitors entering alsoofneeds to be set. The system, capable of counting in design and custom build of a wide range in design and custom build of a wide range duties of the Responsible Specialists Person (IEC standards).

It includes of visitors up to twenty people, comprises entirely industry-tested Area Equipment a building. As soon as a maximum number Areahazardous Equipmentareas in separate chapters on fuel Hazardous filling stations, has entered, a signal tone is sounded to indicate that components. For user-friendly operation, the system water and waste water, and mechanical ignition sources. the person who entered the building last must leave. incorporates command devices from the Schmersal N Registered OEM for and Technor Marechal ed OEM for Technor Marechal Closely associated with the CompEx® training competency assessment In addition, the system also uses traffic-light colours range, which are designed for maximum hygiene and scheme, this easily navigable resource is available to purchase at: to indicate access or no access, with green meaningSouthampton easy cleaning. https://www.eemua.org/Products/Publications/Print/EEMUASO40 9AH ‘pleaseenvironments enter’ and red meaning ‘please wait’. zardous area Publication-186.aspx +44 (0) 2380 665544 www.schmersal.co.uk/ Phone: +44 (0) 1684 571980 Theenvironments system has already undergone several weeks of testing at a retailer and is zardous area enquiries@trant.co.uk uksupport@schmersal.com available for delivery immediately. The key elements of the system are an indicator

regulations. tal Solutions Provider intuitive traffic-light system with integrated counter that

trant.co.uk

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Training Training 11/10/2019 15:08 11/10/2019 15:08

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