hEX_21_04

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Mining

Taking Industry 4.0 underground

Motors

Hazardous area motors are no longer exempt Process Safety

Certification

Cyber security

Forewarned is forearmed

Indian certification for products used in explosive environments

The cyber-attack risks to process plants

April 2021

the journal for hazardous area environments

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contents april 2021 As reported in Hazardex March, a 146 billion rouble (£1.4bn/$2bn) fine for Russian mining giant Norilsk Nickel (Nornickel) was upheld in court after one of the country’s worst ever oil spills in May 2020. The incident saw around 21,000 tonnes of diesel fuel leak from a power plant belonging to a subsidiary of Nornickel, the world’s leading nickel and palladium producer.

Nornickel repeatedly contested the fine, a record amount of compensation to be paid for environmental damage in the history of Russia, after it said that the country’s environmental watchdog Rosprirodnadzor had miscalculated the damage of the leak. It said the damage caused to water bodies and soil were based on assumptions, leading to a distortion of the true damage estimates.

14 21

receiving its full text but has now announced it will pay the full amount of the fine. A statement from the mining giant said it had paid almost 146 billion roubles into the federal budget as compensation for damage to local bodies of water. It added that it had also paid Norilsk’s municipal government 685 million roubles (£6.7 million) in compensation for damage to soil.

Regulations for hazardous area motors are changing and the new energy efficiency requirements could provide significant financial gain.

Nornickel is owned by Russia’s richest man, Vladimir Potanin, a close associate of President Vladimir Putin. President Putin held a televised government meeting following the incident in May and heavily criticised both the local government and Nornickel for its response to the spill. Shortly after the leak, it emerged that officials first heard about the leak on social media, two days after it had occurred.

In early February, the Krasnoyarsk Arbitration Court ruled that the fine should be upheld. Nornickel said it would carefully study the court decision after

…Alistair Hookway, Editor, Hazardex alistair.hookway@imlgroup.co.uk

20 22

This article looks at the impact that a cyber-attack could have in terms of an incident involving process plant.

in this issue

26

4 News Extra

• Dust explosion kills three, critically injures five others in Singapore • UK chemical company fined £560,000 after employee scalded by boiling water • Fatal Chinese gold mine explosion caused by illegal storage and use of explosives, 45 arrested • Military base explosion kills 105, injures 615 in Equatorial Guinea • Norwegian company fined £2 million for 2019 hydrogen fuel station explosion

21 Hazardous area motors are no longer exempt

A close look at the requirements of PESO certification (product certification issued by the Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization of India).

22 The cyber-attack risks to process plants 26 PESO: Indian certification for products used in explosive environments

36

28 Notes on the evaluation and avoidance of electrostatic charges 33 Taking Industry 4.0 underground 36 Forewarned is forearmed 41 Events

Healthy competition is welcomed in the Ex market, but only if everyone adheres to the applicable rules.

30 36

the journal for hazardous area environments

hazardexonthenet.net

April 2021

43 Datafiles & Buyers Guide Hazardex is a controlled circulation journal published monthly.

Completed print or online registration forms will be considered for free supply of printed issues, web site access and online services. Annual subscription for non-qualifying readers is: UK £147; EU £215.25; Airmail £315 and single copy price is £23.10 plus P&P.

Hazardex content is the property of the publishers or relevant content providers. The publishers and sponsors of this magazine are not responsible for the results of any actions or omissions taken on the basis of information in this publication. In particular, no liability can be accepted in respect of any claim based on or in relation to material provided for inclusion.

Editor Alistair Hookway alistair.hookway@imlgroup.co.uk

Group Publisher Russell Goater russell.goater@imlgroup.co.uk

Sales Executive Kathryn Startin kathryn.startin@imlgroup.co.uk

Circulation subscriptions@imlgroup.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990

IML Group Blair House, High Street, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1BQ, UK Tel: +44 1732 359990 Email: events@imlgroup.co.uk ISSN 1476-7376

Production and Events Holly Reed holly.reed@imlgroup.co.uk

Design Graham Rich Design www.grahamrichdesign.co.uk

40 Mining

Taking Industry 4.0 underground

Motors

Hazardous area motors are no longer exempt Process Safety

Certification

Cyber security

Forewarned is forearmed

Indian certification for products used in explosive environments

The cyber-attack risks to process plants

Register for weekly email newsletter & up-to-the-minute news at www.hazardexonthenet.net

4

News Extra

Image: Shutterstock

No fatalities in US from grain dust explosions in 2020, new report says A

ccording to new research from researchers in Purdue University’s Department of Agriculture and Biological

is a source of ignition, often from small, unintentional sparks within the facility.

Engineering, there were zero fatalities during 2020 in the United States as a result of grain dust explosions.

According to the report, there were eightgrain dust explosions in 2020, resulting in zero fatalities and nine injuries. The 10-year average for injuries is 8.1; it is 1.7 for fatalities.

compiling these reports each year. “Most companies use this information for training their employees,” Ambrose said. “Regulatory authorities also use incident reports for their

Kingsly Ambrose, Purdue University Associate Professor of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, released the 2020

The grain types identified in the explosions included two cases of corn, two wheat,

training purposes. It helps with creating or spreading awareness on dust explosions and their causes.”

annual grain dust explosions report on February 12 which catalogues the number of deaths and injuries in the US.

two mixed feed, one rice and one dietary fibre. Dust explosions occurred in eight different states, one each in Kansas, Iowa,

In 2019, there were eight agricultural grain explosions in the US, resulting in one fatality

Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Nebraska, Missouri and Arkansas. Four of these explosions occurred in a grain elevator, and the remaining four

and four injuries.

Grain dust is a highly combustible substance and often airborne in handling and processing facilities. Explosions occur when there

in a feed mill, corn mill, rice mill and grain

engineering.purdue.edu/FFP/research

processor for dietary fiber.

Ambrose explained the importance of

Read the 2020 report in full, here: https://

Distillery explosion injures three in US A

n explosion at a distillery in the US state of Colorado injured three people on February 27. The blast happened at Elkins Distilling Company in Estes Park, northern Colorado and injured three employees.

Two of the injured employees were transported to the North Colorado Medical Center Western States Burn Center with burn injuries. The seriousness of the injuries was not announced by officials at the time of the incident.

Estes Valley Fire Protection District said it was called to the scene at around 09:00 local time.

A fire was extinguished before the scene was turned over to the fire marshal and the building official for investigation, the fire department said.

According to local media, the explosion occurred in a distilling area and caused the roof of the building to partially collapse, making it difficult for firefighters to gain entry to the building. Images taken at the scene show

Representative image: Shutterstock

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

large pieces of debris scattered around the surrounding area.

An investigation into the incident is ongoing.

News Extra

5

the blast happened in the industrialised Tuas area in the west of the city-state. The

Image: Singapore Civil Defence Force

incident occurred in a unit belonging to Stars Ergng Ltd. The Ministry added that around 65 people were removed from the local area as a precaution following the explosion.

News site CNA reports that a preliminary investigation showed that the incident was a combustible dust explosion. The dust is believed to have been in the form of potato starch powder which is used for production at the site.

In a statement, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) said its firefighters arrived at the scene to find a smoke-logged building.

SCDF firefighters entered the building wearing breathing apparatus and saw that a fire had started involving an industrial mixer.

Dust explosion kills three, critically injures five others in Singapore

The injured workers were taken to the Singapore General Hospital where they received treatment for burn injuries. SCDF said it has started an investigation into the cause of the fire and explosion.

CNA reports that there was a lengthy delay in identifying the deceased workers due to the extensive injuries they sustained.

The Workplace Safety and Health Council has called for a “safety time-out” to last a

A

injuries on February 25. Five people were said to be in critical conditions while two others were released after receiving treatment in hospital.

half or full day. The time-out would allow businesses to inspect machines and processes to see whether machinery is well-

however three people died from their

Singapore’s Ministry of Manpower said

maintained and being correctly used.

combustible dust explosion killed three people and critically

injured five others in Tuas, Singapore on February 24. In all, 10 people were initially injured by the explosion,

The World’s #1 Issuer of Hazardous Location Certificates Let’s work together csagroup.org/hazloc

6

News Extra

Image: Geograph.org.uk/Photo © Sandy Gemmill (cc-by-sa/2.0)

UK chemical company fined £560,000 after employee scalded by boiling water A

chemical company has been

the pressure in the vessel was released, the

the incident. The processes to clean down

fined £560,000 after an employee was scalded with boiling water while work was being undertaken to clean

scalding water erupted back up and out of the chute severely scalding Mr Brockie, the HSE said. Mr Brockie spent over a month

the plant have been risk assessed to introduce new safer worker procedures.

down part of a production plant in Grangemouth, Scotland in March 2016.

CalaChem Limited pleaded guilty to

in Glasgow Royal Infirmary’s burns unit following the incident before receiving a further six months of treatment at home.

Speaking after the hearing, HSE inspector Gerard McCulloch said: “Those in control of working processes have a responsibility

breaching Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 at Falkirk Sheriff Court.

An investigation by the HSE found that a relatively safe cleaning process

to assess the associated risks. If changes are made, which increase the level of risk, those in control of the workplace have a

In a statement, the UK Health & Safety Executive (HSE) said the cleaning process at

of washing down the charge chute with cold water into the vessel below had evolved and changed over time.

duty to reduce the risk back down to as low a level as reasonably practicable.

The process had developed into the practice of overnight boiling of water in the charge chute, while simultaneously pressurising the reaction vessel below as part of a recirculating cleaning cycle.

The incremental changes to the cleaning process were not subject to a review of the company’s risk assessment and the

“If the decision to boil water in the chute instead of hosing it down with a cold water had been the subject of a risk assessment, the danger from the pressurised vessel below would have been identified prior to the incident. This would have prevented the employee severe injury and permanent disfigurement.”

CalaChem’s Grangemouth plant on March 4, 2016 involved involved filling a chemical powder charging chute leading down to a reaction vessel with water that was brought to the boil by immersing a steam hose in it.

The water in the chute was boiled overnight and the following day the employee, Colin Brockie, continued with the clean down process. When he tried to empty the boiling water from the charge chute, he opened a valve expecting the water to drain down into the vessel below. However, the vessel below the chute had been pressurised with

danger of pressurising a vessel below a chute of boiling water was not recognised, consequently no control measures were put in place to remove this danger.

The practice of filling the powder charge

In a statement following the ruling, CalacChem Limited said it had settled a civil claim with Mr Brockie in early 2019.

CalaChem added that it remains fully committed to ensuring the health, safety

nitrogen gas and when the valve was opened

chute with boiling water has ceased since

and welfare of all its employees.

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

News Extra

Image: CSB

7

US Chemical Safety Board provides investigation update into fatal December 2020 blast

T

he US Chemical Safety Board (CSB) has released an investigation update on the December 2020 explosion at a

metal dryer became over pressurised during a chemical product drying operation. The material in the dryer was a chlorinated

causing the powder samples to fail visual inspection multiple times before the incident.

The CSB is working to determine the source of

compound used for sanitisation.

these dark specks and their composition.

In an update on its investigation into the incident, the CSB said the explosion occurred

The objective of the CSB‘s investigation is to determine the cause/probable cause of

at the plant, was performing a process to remove water from chlorinated dry bleach.

when Optima Belle was performing a process to remove water from chlorinated dry bleach.

Optima Belle was performing a trial batch

the explosion and develop a written report with the facts, conditions and circumstances associated with the incident.

The explosion occurred at around 22:00 local time on December 8 and caused a shelter-in-place order to be issued by police

process operation for the Clearon Corporation and the explosion occurred during the first trial batch. The blast resulted in multiple projectiles,

Optima Chemicals is a tenant on the site in Belle, located around 12 miles (18km) south

which affected around 2,000 people. The 2-mile (3.2km) radius cordon around the plant was lifted on December 9 after emergency

one of which landed on a nearby highway and injured a local resident.

of Charleston, which belongs to Chemours.

The company said that John Gillenwater, a chemical operator at the plant, was killed by

responders gave the area an all clear and a fire was extinguished.

The CSB is working with Optima Belle to sample and test the chlorinated dry bleach powder involved in the incident. The CSB said

the blast. Two other chemical operators were also inside the building when the explosion happened. Those two workers were taken to

According to Optima Chemicals, a preliminary investigation indicated that a 1,200 gallon

dark specks were observed in the chlorinated dry bleach powder shortly before the incident,

hospital where they were evaluated and later released.

chemical plant in Belle, West Virginia which killed one worker and injured three others. The blast occurred in an industrial dryer unit while Optima Belle, the tenant

Two injured by explosion at tanker cleaning facility in US

T

wo people suffered burn injuries after an explosion at a tanker cleaning facility in Dallas Pike, West Virginia on February 1. The workers were reportedly cleaning the tanker with chemicals at the time of the incident.

The explosion caused a fire to break out

which spread through the facility. The local fire department said the blast happened in the evening of February 1 and that two men were going through the process of cleaning a tanker with chemicals when it ignited.

have been completely destroyed by the fire.

The workers suffered burns and were treated in a local hospital. The building is reported to

to protect the exposures from fire damage. The exact cause of the fire is under investigation.

The Valley Grove Volunteer Fire Department said in a statement that it was called to the scene at around 19:49 local time and began a defensive attack on the main building, working

www.hazardexonthenet.net

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News Extra

9

of burn injuries while 15 people were confirmed to have died at the scene.

Representative image: Shutterstock

The injured were taken to several local hospitals for treatment.

The exact cause of the blast is unknown, but local news reports that the initial explosion occurred as a result of friction during the mixing of chemicals intended for use in firecrackers. India’s Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO) has said that the unit where the first explosion happened had been illegally sub-leased.

Firecracker factory blast kills 19, injures more than 30 in India

Local police are searching for several people, including the owner of the factory.

Firework factory incidents are common in India due to the high number of illegal workshops where safety regulations are not adhered to. Illegally produced fireworks are often much cheaper than the legal variant.

A

afternoon at a small factory around 325 miles (520km) south of Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Following the incident, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that families of the

over 30 on February 12. The first of the explosions happened during the

Four workers died in hospital as a result

deceased would receive 200,000 Rupees (£1,975).

series of explosions at a firecracker factory in southern India killed 19 people and injured

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10 News Extra Representative image: Shutterstock

February 23 that a provincial investigation revealed that the explosion happened after mining explosives were illegally stored and used. There was also improper work involving fire at the mine’s pithead. CCTV reports that the incident caused a direct economic loss of around 68 million yuan (£7.4m/$10.6m). Authorities said that two explosions, about an hour and a half apart, resulted in around 70 tonnes of rubble blocking several shafts and disabling elevators.

Following the investigation, 45 people were arrested and now face criminal penalties.

Of the 45 people, 28 are public officials and 15 others are officials from mining, blasting, and construction companies that were involved in making the Hushan gold mine operational.

The mine’s owner, Shandong Wucailong

Fatal Chinese gold mine explosion in January caused by illegal storage and use of explosives, 45 people arrested

Investment, as well as the city government of Qixia were found to have delayed the reporting of the explosion in order to avoid penalties. They had said that communications equipment was destroyed in the blast, making it difficult to report, however this was later said to be a lie.

On February 16, an explosion occurred at another gold mine in Shandong province, just over a month after the Hushan mine incident. The explosion killed six people and injured four others and prompted the local government to start a campaign to close all unsafe mining facilities.

gold mine explosion in east China’s Shandong province on January 10 was caused by the illegal storage and

A

in a nearby tunnel while 11 others were unaccounted for.

The blast happened at around 06:00 local time during maintenance at the Caojiawa gold mine in the city of Zhaoyuan. China’s

use of explosives, as well as improper operations, Chinese state media has reported. The blast left 22 workers trapped around 2,000 feet (600 metres) underground. In total, 10 of the miners died while 11 others were rescued after two weeks. One miner remains unaccounted for.

One of the injured miners suffered severe head injuries in the blast and fell into a coma. Despite emergency responders sending medicine and instructing the other miners on how to care for the man, he died on January 20. After two weeks of being trapped underground, the 11 miners were lifted to safety on January 25.

state news agency Xinhua reports that 10 miners were trapped by a fire following the explosion and that four miners managed to escape with injuries. All four were taken to a local hospital for treatment.

Rescue workers managed to make contact with the 11 miners on January 17 by drilling boreholes into the mine and communicating with them via handwritten notes. It was discovered that four of the men were injured

A day later, on January 26, rescuers gained access to another part of the mine where they found the bodies of nine other miners.

One more miner remains missing.

Emergency Management Bureau to announce a new campaign through which it would start a comprehensive inspection programme until the end of March. The campaign involved the bureau inspecting all non-coal mines in the province in a measure

and that one other miner was trapped

Chinese state broadcaster CCTV said on

to tackle safety risks.

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Both the Hushan mine and Caojiawa gold mine explosions prompted Shandong’s

News Extra 11

Port of Gibraltar - Image: Wikimedia/Port of Gibraltar

Explosion onboard bulk carrier injures four offshore Gibraltar

A

n explosion on a bulk carrier vessel, the CSSC Cape Town, injured four people on February 19. The blast

21:00 local time. Royal Gibraltar Police (RGP) attended the scene and began a preliminary investigation into cause of

At the time of writing, the vessel is to the east of Gibraltar unable to anchor but in constant contact with port authorities. The

happened while the ship was in Gibraltar’s territorial waters. Two of the injured were flown to hospital by helicopter after they

the blast. The GPA said that pending any contrary conclusion by the RGP in their currently open investigation, there is no

vessel is stable and fully operational with the exception of its anchor equipment.

The GPA will continue to work with the

suffered severe burns.

reported reason to suspect that any foul play gave rise to the explosion.

ship’s crew and its agents to assist in repairs, provisioning and, if possible, anchoring.

The Hong Kong registered CSSC Cape Town was carrying coal at the time of the incident. The explosion happened in the area of the vessel’s forecastle, an upper deck

The BPA said that two crew members were treated aboard the vessel by paramedics from the Gibraltar Health Authority. Two

The GPA also confirmed that the CSSC Cape Town is loaded with 112,365 metric

at the front of the ship, the Gibraltar Port Authority (GPA) said in a statement.

other crew members were evacuated for urgent treatment at St Bernard’s Hospital by the GHA. Both have now been transferred

tonnes of coal, loaded at Curtis Bay Coal Terminal in the United States. This cargo does not represent a danger to the vessel

No fire was reported on the ship following the explosion that happened at around

to Seville burns unit suffering from 40% and 25% burns.

or to other vessels in the immediate vicinity, the port authority said.

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12 News Extra

Fuel tanker explosion on Afghanistan-Iran border injures at least 60, extinguished after three days A

fuel tanker explosion at a border crossing in western Afghanistan injured around 60 people on February 13.

The incident happened in the province

Two explosions occurred during the fire, both powerful

of Herat on the Iranian border and was eventually extinguished on February 16 after firefighters from both Afghanistan and Iran fought the blaze.

both powerful enough to be seen by NASA satellites. Iranian state news reports that around 500 vehicles were destroyed.

by NASA satellites

Afghan authorities are yet to announce the cause of the blast; however, they did confirm that over 2,000 vehicles were saved from the flames after hundreds were rushed through

The explosion started a significant fire that spread between dozens of tankers at the Islam Qala border crossing, around 75 miles

and fire. Estimates suggest around 60 people were injured in total despite the much larger

the border crossing. Authorities said that at the time of the incident, more than 2,500 vehicles were at the border crossing despite the capacity being just 700.

(120km) west of the city of Herat. The border crossing is a key transit route between Afghanistan and Iran. Hundreds of trucks

number of people nearby when the incident happened. Most were transported to hospitals on either side of the border.

After three days of tackling the blaze, firefighters said that only small fire remained

carrying natural gas, fuel, and other flammable substances were caught up in the explosion

Two explosions occurred during the fire,

on February 15. An investigation has been opened to find the cause of the blast.

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News Extra 13

Norwegian company fined £2 million for 2019 hydrogen fuel station explosion N

orwegian hydrogen company Nel has been fined 25 million Norwegian krone (£2 million) for an explosion at a hydrogen fuel station

specific plug in a hydrogen tank in the high-pressure storage unit.

Three people were injured during the

Nel’s subsidiary was fined 15 million krone (£1.2m) while another company partially

in Sandvika, near Oslo in June 2019.

In a statement, Nel said that two of its units had received fines relating

incident, however this was due to the explosion causing the airbags of nearby cars to inflate. All three were taken to

owned by Nel was fined 10 million krone (£840,000), a portion of which Nel may be liable for.

to the incident in which three people were injured after a hydrogen gas leak ignited.

hospital as a precaution and were later released.

Chief Executive Officer of Nel.

Nel said it would assess the fines and

“Nel conducted a thorough investigation of the incident in 2019 and has cooperated

Since the incident, Nel has changed the assembly procedures of its hydrogen refuelling stations. The blast brought most of the hydrogen vehicle industry in

consider further actions. In its statement, the hydrogen solutions provider said that the root cause of the incident was

closely with the local authorities. We’re surprised by the conclusion and the size of the fines and will evaluate further

Norway to a standstill with both Toyota and Hyundai halting deliveries of hydrogen cars until further information about the

identified as an assembly error of a

potential actions,” said Jon André Løkke,

explosion was released.

14 News Extra will complement Essar’s wider plans to build a green energy industrial cluster at the

Stanlow Oil Refinery - Image: Shutterstock

Stanlow site. Earlier this year, it announced its participation in production of blue hydrogen under the HyNet project.

The Stanlow project, named Fulcrum NorthPoint, will create 800 direct and indirect jobs during the design, build and commissioning process and over 100 permanent jobs during its operation. Plans for Fulcrum NorthPoint are expected to be completed at the end of this year and subject to planning consent, will be operational in late 2025.

Essar Oil announces new waste-to-fuel plant at Ellesmere Port E

Essar said that the project is a breakthrough deal to provide dedicated tank capacity for the storage and blending of fuel products from Fulcrum NorthPoint. It will also use direct pipeline access to pump and transport the SAF to UK airports through the Manchester Jet Line and the UK Oil Pipeline network (UKOP).

ssar Oil has announced a new facility at Stanlow Oil Refinery in Ellesmere Port, northwest England, which will convert non-recyclable

The project, which will see an investment of approximately £600m, will use Fulcrum’s waste-to-fuel process, which is already being deployed at its facility outside of Reno,

Stein Ivar Bye, Chief Executive Officer, Essar Oil UK, commented: “Stanlow has produced high quality energy products for over 60 years and we intend to remain a key national

household waste into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for use by airlines operating at UK airports. Essar and its

Nevada in the US, where operations are due to begin later this year.

supplier of energy for the UK into the future.

Our sights are firmly set on helping to drive the UK’s decarbonisation strategy. This

subsidiary, Stanlow Terminals Limited, will create the new facility in partnership with Fulcrum BioEnergy.

The development will see Fulcrum construct, own and operate the plant within Essar’s Stanlow Manufacturing Complex in Cheshire,

landmark development supports our long term sustainability ambition to deliver the energy solutions of the future and position

UK. This will be the first Fulcrum plant outside the United States.

Stanlow as the UK’s leading sustainable aviation fuel hub. It also complements the announcement last month regarding a

thousand tonnes of pre-processed waste, which would have otherwise been destined for incineration or landfill, into

Essar will assist with the blending and supply the new SAF to airlines, with Stanlow Terminals Limited providing product storage

blue hydrogen development at Stanlow as part of the HyNet project. Together, these initiatives will help diversify the refinery in a

approximately 100 million litres of low carbon SAF annually.

and logistics solutions for the project under a long-term agreement. The Fulcrum venture

greener direction, and help achieve the UK’s decarbonisation goals.”

In a statement, Essar said the innovative bio-refinery will convert several hundred

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News Extra 15

Military base explosion kills 105, injures 615 in Equatorial Guinea T

he death toll following a series of explosions at a military barracks in

Vice-President Mangue visits the scene – Image: Equatorial Guinea’s Press and Information Office

Equatorial Guinea on March 7 has risen to 105, the country’s health ministry has said. In a statement, the ministry said that of the 615 people injured, 316 have been discharged and 299 remain in care in the various hospitals in the coastal city of Bata.

In a statement, Equatorial Guinea’s Vice-President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue said that a preliminary investigation indicated that the incident was caused by a fire breaking out on land close to the Nkoantoma Military Base in Bata. The fire was started while a farmer was preparing a plot of land for food cultivation, close to powder kegs at the

amongst the rubble on March 8. Images and

comments and negative reports which have

military base. The breeze caused the fire to spread rapidly and reach a part of the base where explosives were stored, causing

footage posted on social media show bodies wrapped in sheets lined up along the side of the road in Bata with more bodies being

appeared on social media regarding the event”.

them to explode. The shockwave caused by the blast damaged dozens of buildings and vehicles in Bata.

recovered from under rubble.

President H. E. Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

President Mbasogo said that he has ordered a full investigation into the incident.

The former Spanish colony also called

The initial estimated death toll of 31 more than tripled on March 8 after rescue workers

said that the Government would hold an emergency meeting to discuss how the country would help the victims of the

for international support and help with rebuilding. The Spanish Foreign Minister announced on social media that the

and locals began searching rubble for survivors. Around 60 people were found alive

incident. He also called on the population to keep calm and ignore the “hoaxes,

country would dispatch humanitarian aid immediately.

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16 News Extra

Meat processing company fined £176,000 for ammonia leak A

meat processing company in New Zealand has been fined $337,500 (£176,000) for an ammonia leak in February. The leak at the Silver Fern Farms plant in Hawera on the southwest coast of New

One engineer was injured during the incident after they suffered an ammonia burn.

charge of discharging a contaminant into the air and one charge of discharging a contaminant onto land in circumstances that allowed it to enter water when appearing before the Environment Court in Hawera on February 24. TRC Director-

Zealand’s North Island injured an employee and contaminated a local stream, killing scores of fish and eels.

The leak at Silver Fern Farms on February 19 resulted in discharges of ammonia to the air and to the local Tawhiti Stream. The

Resource Management, Fred McLay, said the ruling was highly significant and highlights the serious environmental and cultural impacts on the Tawhiti Stream.

Taranaki Regional Council (TRC), which brought two charges against Silver Fern Farms, said the fine is the largest on record

contaminated water killed scores of fish along a 13km stretch of water – the widest extent of any such incident on record, the TRC said. Although the plant has hundreds

McLay added that: “Staff and others were also put at risk. The agreed facts put before the Court show the Company did not have

for an environmental offence. TRC said the fine sends a very strong message that the community will not tolerate actions that

of employees and contractors, only one engineer was injured during the incident after they suffered an ammonia burn.

adequate contingencies in place to deal with malfunctions in its industrial-grade blast-freezer plants. All consent holders

damage or threaten waterways and the species in them.

Silver Fern Farms pleaded guilty to one

should take note and check their own contingency plans and staff training.”

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News Extra 17

Navotas - Image: Wikimedia/User: Patrickroque01

in the factory a day later on February 4 after the building had been made safe.

Ammonia can be used as a refrigerant and is highly toxic if inhaled.

Of the 90 employees and residents who fell ill following the leak, 20 remained in hospital with breathing difficulties and other illnesses as of February 7.

Ammonia leak at ice plant kills 2, leaves 90 sick in the Philippines A

n ammonia leak at an ice plant in

the city of Navotas near Manila killed two people on February 3 and left 90 others injured or sick. The surrounding area was evacuated with hundreds of nearby residents

transported away after employees fell ill at the TP Marcelo Ice Plant.

The area surrounding the TP Marcelo plant was evacuated after fumes were smelt by employees. Several hundred locals were able to return to their homes after a few hours.

Navotas City Mayor Toby Tiangco told reporters that an investigation is underway to determine the cause of the leak.

Tiangco said investigators had not yet determined whether the leak was caused by a pipe or by a tank explosion. He added that the company, which is part-owned by his Mother, would pay for all medical bills.

An employee at the plant died after being exposed to ammonia fumes while an electrician at the plant was found dead

The TP Marcelo plant will remain closed while the investigation continues.

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18 News Extra

Explosion kills three workers at ArcelorMittal plant in South Africa T

hree workers were found dead at an ArcelorMittal steel plant in South Africa following an explosion on February 17. The bodies of the workers were discovered under rubble after a portion of a 90m stack

local time. In a statement, ArcelorMittal South Africa extended its heartfelt condolences and deepest sympathies to the families and colleagues of the deceased. The families of the employees have been informed and are

statement said that the coke battery affected by the incident is one of five batteries currently in operation at Vanderbijlpark Works.

at one of the site’s coke batteries failed and fell onto a control room.

receiving the necessary support, the company said.

The incident happened in

The steel company added that all three

Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) declared a strike at the ArcelorMittal plant. The Union said that at the heart of the dispute is the

Vanderbijlpark, an industrial city around 43 miles (70km) south of Johannesburg.

The three workers were reported missing immediately after an explosion

employees succumbed to injuries sustained when a portion of a 90m stack at one of the operation’s coke batteries failed and fell onto the coke

fact that Arcelor Mittal abuses workers through labour brokers.

caused a portion of a stack to collapse.

The bodies were found a day later on February 18 after rubble was moved.

battery control room in which they were working at the time. ArcelorMittal has launched an investigation into the

numbers of its members are employed through contractors but work for Arcelor Mittal and have loyally served

The incident happened at around 02:00

cause of the accident and all relevant authorities have been notified. The

the company despite poor wages and intolerable working conditions.

In response to the incident, the National

A statement from NUMSA says large

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Standards 1

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Our Executive Secretary, Chris importance and the trust-building of is since described bymeans the standard “Explosive then only when a human assistant comes products by of digital type basis.

Our Executive Secretary, Chris Agius importance and theApril trust-building effect ofb is way described bymeans the standard “Explosive Many process sector companies have to one to do this.

Split Croatia on 23 2018, to be held then only when a human assistant comes individual products by of digital type of adaptation to this trend is restricted the industry and high le only great expectations for the opportunities stage (CDV) and will soon replace the current possible to integrate elements of the hydrogen Many process sector companies have to one way to do this.

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The overall of test areas Management Committee Meeting in Cann has to certainprocess safety needs requirements in order The developed and published, andwith the second of charge (See: www.ie andfulfill certification to be be high France. explosion pressure is determined www.hazardexonthenet.net has to certainprocess safety needs requirements in order The developed and published, andwith the second of charge (See: www.ie andfulfill certification to be be high France. explosion pressure is determined www.hazardexonthenet.net www.hazardexonthenet.net and uniform, and the results of these processes the Test Sample “EP” for two different www.hazardexonthenet.n to avoid the ignition of potentially explosive edition has been available since February events/iecex). and uniform, and the of these processes theedition Test Sample “EP” for two different www.hazardexonthenet.n to avoid the ignition ofresults potentially explosive has been available since February events/iecex). must be the same or at least comparable I will report on the outcomes of this, the m configurations (single chamber and atmospheres. are defined configurations 2017. The(single central and critical must be the These same orrequirements at least comparable willboth report on the outcomes of this, the m chamber and elementI of

The Proficiency Proficiency Test Test Program Program The for ExTLs ExTLs -- aa key key trust-builder trust-builder for within the the IECEx IECEx system system within

The pros and cons Safety issues of ofthe digitalisation hydrogen

economy

IA I O O A A

A

NEW

ATES Conference • Workshops • Exhibition • Awards DProgramme ANN OUN

2021

6th & 7th October • Harrogate • Yorkshire • UK

IT IS NOW TIME TO SUBMIT A PAPER For 20 years, the Hazardex Conference & Exhibition has been the global platform for sharing key industry information and topical discussion on process safety-related topics.

With the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic causing many of us to work remotely, preventing the usual networking opportunities from taking place, Hazardex 2021 will be an ideal occasion for the industry to once again come together and make up for the lost months of crucial knowledge sharing and networking.

The Call for Papers for Hazardex 2021 is now open and we are seeking submissions from contributors with experience and knowledge of the process safety and high hazard sectors.

Submissions must be non-commercial and could be in the form of research, industry developments, lessons learnt from near-misses, investigation findings, good practice for industry, or case studies, to name just a few of the formats we are looking for.

The 2021 event will include a comprehensive conference for all those concerned with hazardous area operations, personnel, and environmental safety systems.

COVID-19 regulations and UK Government guidelines will be observed & enforced as required at the time of the event.

Visit the website for how to submit a paper: www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Media Partners

Contact us for 2021 participation information now!

Email: hazardex@imlgroup.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990 www.hazardex-event.co.uk www.hazardexonthenet.net

Supporting Organisations

CED

Motors 21

Hazardous area motors are no longer exempt S

trict regulations are synonymous with hazardous environments.

Despite this, changes to legislation can still cause disruption. Marek Lukaszczyk European and Middle East Marketing Manager at WEG, explains the changing regulations for hazardous area motors and how the new energy efficiency requirements could provide significant financial gain.

Europe has over 8 billion electric motors in use, consuming approximately 63 per cent of the electricity generated across the continent. Until recently, some of

Unsurprisingly, the electric motor market rapidly reflected the shift in regulation and transitioned to more efficient motors. IE1

Special purpose motors, such as explosion-proof or flame-proof motors were exempt from the previous regulation, out of

these motors, including those designed for hazardous areas, were exempt from energy efficiency regulations — but these regulations are about to change. The

and below, which represented 80 per cent of European market share in 2009, held onto just 17 per cent of market share by 2016. During the same period, IE3 premium

precaution for the higher-risk environments they were used in. From July 2021, new ATEX motors entering the supply chain must be rated IE3 or higher with increased

latest changes to regulation will include a wider scope of motors, and for the first time, variable speed drives are included

class motors rose from 0 per cent to 29 per cent of the market share. Good news for the planet and cost savings for the end

safety motors Ex eb being the exception.

These motors will need to be at least IE2 efficiency level by 2023.

to achieve a higher efficiency standard, starting from July 2021.

user.

The design of electric motors has seen

Energy efficient motors for hazardous environments have been available for

Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) was introduced in 2009 by EU Commission Regulation EC 640/2009. The

improvements to maximise on energy saving opportunities. Now, the European Commission’s (EC) ecodesign committee

decades, but with no obligation to implement high levels of energy efficiency in hazardous environments, some businesses

regulation required motors of 0.75-375 kW to reach international standards set by the International Electrotechnical Commission

has approved a new, stricter version of the ecodesign requirements, which take effect from July 1, 2021.

opted for low efficiency motors, possibly due to the cheaper upfront costs.

(IEC) for single-speed three-phase motors.

IE1 describes standard efficiency, IE2 is high efficiency and IE3 is used for motors with premium levels of efficiency.

Updates to the legislation in 2016 specified that electric motors require an energy efficiency class of at least IE3, or IE2 class

Previously, the scope of the regulations only covered 3-phase motors ranging from 0.75 kW to 375 kW, leaving motors outside this power range excluded. From 2021, this will no longer be the case. The impending regulation requires all new 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-pole motors in the power range of 0.75-

if the motor is used with a variable speed drive (VSD). The regulation, bolstered by improved design and materials for electric motors, brought about huge improvements to the energy consumption related to motor use.

1000kW to meet IE3 efficiency class. The previous legislation allowed for an IE2 motor to be used provided it was controlled by a VSD, but this will no longer be valid. Sizes from 0.12-0.75 kW will need to meet IE2 class.

In energy-intensive industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical or oil and gas, thousands of motors often operate 24 hours a day. Even a slight improvement in efficiency, extrapolated over the sheer volume of motors and hours of operation, will benefit the businesses’ bottom line.

Energy costs for electric motors account for 95 to 97 per cent of total life cycle costs, depending on the application. Investment in energy-efficiency drives and motors, even if it’s not through choice, usually provides a very short return on investment.

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22 Process Safety

Cybercriminals and ransom the cyber-attack risks to proce H

in May 2017, or the cyber-attack on

acking into computer systems,

disabling alarms, and shutting equipment down are often portrayed in the plot of many a Hollywood science fiction movie, however the premise is not entirely fictional. This is evidenced by the cyber-attack on the UK’s National Health Service (NHS)

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In terms of a process plant, what impact could a cyberattack have?

a process plant in Argentina in the same year. Many parts of the Argentine plant’s control systems were rendered immobile for several days, thus highlighting the vulnerabilities. In terms of a process plant, what impact could a cyber-attack have?

Process Safety 23

However, in a cyber-attack, alarms can be disabled and the controls and signals

However, as is often the case, if you have a limited amount of time and resources to

that workers rely upon to ensure safety are vulnerable to manipulation. If the fuel does not know to stop flowing once the tank is full, your alarms are rendered inoperative and you do not have a physical control that can be used to shut the system down, then your plant could shutdown,

dedicate to this subject then understanding this fundamental point is crucial in a process plant’s fight against any attempt on their systems by a cyber-criminal.

or worse still, potentially explode.

In Figure 1, the possible Major Accident Hazards are: • Cyber-attack could close valves and stop waste liquid being taken out.

“defence in depth”. The meaning of this in simple terms is that no single security countermeasure provides absolute protection to a plant from the risk of a cyber-attack; several layers of protections need to be deployed to provide the depth

Liquid fills the vessel, blocks it and suddenly all gas to the plant stops.

• Cyber-attack closes the valve before the

that is required in the fight against potential remote attacks. So, whilst the question of which of the standards you use is not

pressure relief valve. On high pressure the vessel could rupture and explode.

How at risk is your plant and what do you need to know?

of particular importance, what is clear is that having defence in depth is of great importance, and to make that effective you should also always aim for diversity in protections.

Whilst it is common knowledge that hackers and cyber-criminals regularly target systems and maliciously disable

Although the standards generally put less emphasis on diversity, defence in depth

computers, steal data, or use a breached computer as a launch point for other attacks; and that the reasons for this range

only works when the defences are different.

It is ineffective to have several defences that are all the same because whatever

from financial gain, intellectual challenge, employee dissatisfaction, political or social dissonance; the subject of these cyber-

technique that was used by the cyber attacker to get through the first layer will then work again and again with every other

attacks in a process safety context, as in the aforementioned example, is still in its early stages.

layer thereafter. Only when the protections are diverse does the defence in depth requirement in fact work.

When protecting a process plant against cyber-attacks, there is always value in

mware: ess plants Picture the scene. You are pumping gas through the system to get it to the boiler plant; water is separated from the gas during the process to ensure that only the fuel enters the boiler. Your systems are completely automated to optimise efficiency and it is computerised to shut down when the tank at the end is full.

Figure 1

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24 Process Safety

In the UK, the HSE’s guidance is OG0086 and it makes a statement that is true world-wide. It is a simple statement that

Of the two main standard sets dealing with cyber-attacks, the ISO27000 series covers I.T. systems which means you

matter how credible it is to show that a system is secure it MUST be safe, otherwise the security is only ever half

says: “Defence in depth: No single security

will find I.T. managers very supportive, however, for process plant control, the IEC62443 set is more suitable;

of what is needed. Only security and safety used together will ever work to safeguard against potential risks

countermeasure provides absolute protection as new threats and vulnerabilities can be identified at any

nonetheless, neither is perfect. However, as stated previously, the subject of cyber is still in its infancy. Both the International

effectively.

time. To reduce these risks, implementing multiple protection measures in series avoids single point failures.”

Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards are global,

and other technological innovations are commonly used to optimise industrial process plants; these Industrial Control

This is true everywhere, and it applies to everything wherever you are in the world.

both with a central committee and member committees for each country.

We are still at the stage that some

Systems (ICS) are used to optimise efficiency and production.

countries, including very significant ones, talk in terms of cyber security and then lack the solid commitment to take this any further in real safety terms; some have even openly advocated separating security from safety.

Yet the risk exists that you can have a

However, these same systems that have been designed to optimise processes, are just as vulnerable as any other digital system. A cyber-attack can result in environmental consequences as well as injuries or even fatalities, and not just financial losses. The scale of the consequences can be substantial and is

system that is secure (even certified as so) but simultaneously unsafe to use.

This is a contradiction in terms, but it is one that appears to be happening all too often. The truth is you can have an unsafe system regardless of how

often as a result of criminal activity that targets vulnerabilities in these automated systems. The scope of the damage that can be done when organisations fail to establish robust cyber protections can be considerable; when a plant fails or

secure you think it is. Therefore, no

struggles financially, when the air or water

We don’t even have to talk about “single point failures” when the truth is that the more defence in depth and diversity you can include in the design for any cyber risk, irrespective of the size of the risk, then the less likely it is that a cyber-attack will ultimately succeed. It is also true that we need to review, maintain, and repair the defences continually, given that the risk of potential cyber-attacks can be daily events as opposed to rare occurrences; only the ultimate success of an attack is rare.

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Digitalisation, automatic control systems

Process Safety 25

is polluted, or employees’ health and safety is compromised, the effects can be far reaching.

cyber-attack, the consequences can be far more devastating than the breach of personal data that is typically reported.

If you are part of a SEVESO/COMAH site anywhere in Europe, then you have

Organisations therefore need barriers that are completely autonomous, along with barriers to protect the data highway.

to respond to the “Control of Major Accidents and Hazards” requirements; in many European countries these are

When considering the possibility and consequences of cyber-attacks to a

regulations. Since 2020, a policy for cyber-attack protections is now required to be stated amongst your Major Accident Prevention Policies (MAPP).

Given the risks and subsequent consequences, organisations must understand that cyber threats are just as significant as the ‘traditional’ safety

plant, then looking at how to put things out of reach must form a major part of any Cyber Risk Assessment work; questions to consider include: • Have you identified the areas vulnerable to cyber-attack?

• Have you identified what Major Accidents might be caused by a cyberattack?

risks, and cyber-attacks can hijack the conventional safety measures they have put in place. Alarms can be disabled, controls can be manipulated, and signals that workers rely upon to ensure safety,

• Do you have clearly defined safeguards that require controls (cyber-security) to prevent remote access?

• Where are your independent barriers?

• Can you confidently answer regulator

are all vulnerable to manipulation via cyber-attacks.

Historically, the mainstream media has focused on protecting computers, I.T. networks and data highways, however, with an ICS being just as vulnerable to

questions?

If you cannot answer the above questions positively, the cyber security of your plant should be of the utmost priority, given the potentially devastating outcomes of an attack.

About the author

Clive de Salis is Process Safety Engineer at Chilworth / DEKRA-Insight.

He is the current vice-chair of the IChemE Safety & Loss Prevention Special Interest Group and a longstanding member of the IEC committee that writes the IEC62443 and IEC 61508 groups of standards (on cyber and safety instrumented systems respectively).

Clive has extensive experience covering process hazard analysis with well-known tools such as HAZOP and HAZID and has also written/carried out COMAH reports and OBRA analyses (Occupied Buildings Risk Assessment) and Basis of Safety documents covering ATEX and COSHH.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

26 Regulations

Image: Shutterstock

PESO: Indian certification for products used in explosive environments T

he PESO certification (Product certification issued by the Petroleum

and Explosive Safety Organization of India) describes the mandatory approval program for the oil and gas industry or machines that work with gases, are used in the oil industry, or must withstand corrosive environments. It is based on the Explosives

The already mentioned laws and regulations in place for PESO certification list some of the

These lists were successively broadened and further specified in the subsequent

products that require PESO certification, but these lists are mostly focused on mechanical parts:

amendments to the Petroleum and Explosives Rules and the Ex-definition of the ATEX system can largely be used to identify the

• Explosives storage premises

• Storage installations for compressed gases in pressure vessels

• Fireworks manufacturing factories

• Auto LPG dispensing stations

• Fireworks store houses and shops

• LPG bottling units

• Manufacture of Explosives at site in Bulk Mixing and Delivery [BMD] Vehicles

• Petroleum storage installations

The original Department of Explosives (with its

• Authorisation of Explosives & Fireworks

head office in Nagpur and lead by the CCoE) was transformed into the current Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization in 2010 with the aim of simplifying administration and specialisation. The CCoE is still managing the organisation but is now called the Chief

• Petroleum tank lorries

• Gas Cylinder filling plants

• Petroleum cross-country pipelines

• CNG filling stations

• Petroleum service stations

• Gas Cylinders / Valves / Regulators

• Flame Proof Equipment

• Storage sheds for filled gas cylinders

• Calcium carbide storage premises

Act of 1884 and the Petroleum Act of 1934 and all related legislation thereafter, in particular the Explosives Rules of 2008 and the Petroleum Rules of 2002. It was previously called the Chief Controller of Explosives (CCoE) examination.

Inspector of Explosives.

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• Explosives manufacturing factories

• Petroleum storage sheds • Petroleum Refineries

Regulations 27

requirement for PESO in India. An important distinction to international systems is that

the documents have been submitted there is nothing more to do for the manufacturer

PESO only considers individual products and not systems as is possible, for example, with ATEX certification. A manufacturer applying for certification of a system consisting of several certification-relevant components needs to apply for PESO certification for

other than to wait for feedback from the authority and answer their questions.

each component individually.

give the applicant an even shorter time for rectifying any issues. It is therefore advisable to make sure you have the most recent versions of all your certificates and other documents as well as consistent information across all application documents. If you fail

However, any issues with documents must be resolved within the same year of the application, and in some cases, PESO will

In order to be able to apply for certification, an Authorised Indian Representative (AIR) is required. This requirement is largely bureaucratic, although some technical qualifications of said AIR are required. While there is no formal requirement as to the type of entity this AIR has to be, this technical requirement limits it to companies such

(in English language with official seal) and technical information on the product and its production process are the most important

to provide adequate resolution of the issue raised by PESO, your application will fail and you will need to start the certification process again from the beginning.

For the application, supporting

required documents. Manufacturers also need to provide detailed commercial information and references, ideally an order from an Indian client is already available.

The process and documentation required for PESO certification still have an arcane feeling, due to the many formal documents that need

documentation needs to be provided. Some of the common documents that must be submitted include:

Without a clear order chain to show the link of the product with India, it will be close to impossible to get approval from PESO. That

to be prepared, signed and submitted, and feedback of PESO can be difficult to manage due to short time frames. PESO has recently

• Product certifications and proof of quality • Technical information on the product, Exrelated • Manufacturing facility setup and proof of

also means that if the Indian end-user is not directly ordering from the applicant, the entire order chain from manufacturer to end user may have to be provided.

started an online application system to start digitalising the process, but for now that is only for the basic application at the very start.

If you submit the online application too early,

Additional commercial information such as references from existing clients, reasons

you will not have enough time to answer the formal document requests of PESO. It is therefore strongly advisable to carefully

if available) • Commercial information such as the order from India (stating the installation place and

for any customer callbacks, and expected revenue in India, will also be necessary.

prepare all application-related documentation before you start the online application.

purpose of the equipment) and estimated revenue • A set of formally prepared and signed

Finally, since PESO itself is an old organisation, a series of formally signed documents are required from the applicant.

documents in original as part of the formal application

These documents include an authorisation letter of the applicant to their local representative (aforementioned AIR), a formal

The most important PESO certification requirement is to provide valid and up-todate IECEx or ATEX certificates and recent test reports. However, due to the generally more dangerous nature of the products that fall under PESO, higher diligence is also required by the companies that want to have their products certified. In addition to the

application listing the products and targeted hazardous area, a list of references for the product in the application, a declaration of the conformity of the equipment, as well as the locations of installation of the equipment in India.

certificates and test reports, the most recent Quality Assurance Notification needs to be provided.

As the list before indicated, PESO requires a large set of documents beyond just the

however is fairly simple. No additional product tests in India are required and PESO does not conduct any factory inspections (notwithstanding approval commissioning of the equipment locally in India, which is the buyer’s/end user’s responsibility), and

test reports. The applicant’s business license

there are no marking requirements. Once

as a local subsidiary or a trained importer/ distributor of the applicant’s products.

quality qualifications (such as ISO certificates) • Proof of relation to India (Authorised Indian Representative, Indian customer information

About the author

The PESO certification process itself Julian Busch is Managing Director of MPR International GmbH and China Certification Corporation, a company that supports manufacturers worldwide in obtaining product certifications for China, India, Korea and other markets.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

28 Process Safety

Image: Shutterstock

Notes on the evaluation and avoidance of electrostatic charges E

lectrostatic charges can occur when two surfaces are rapidly separated, whereby at least one surface must be

the 13 possible ignition source types to be considered in a plant-related risk assessment. A distinction is made between

Selection of a suitable Big Bag

an insulator. Critical processes, for example, are pneumatic conveyors, Big Bag filling stations, or even silos with the danger of a conical pile discharge.

In order to avoid electrostatic discharges at such FIBC filling stations, it is necessary to assess the bulk material and to select the proper

the most varied types of discharge which, depending on the type, can be responsible for igniting gases or dusts (Figure 1).

divided into the types A, B, C, D, which can be categorised according to their protective characteristics as follows:

FIBC Type.

How do electrostatic charges develop, and how does the grounding work?

Electrostatic charges and the associated discharges are considered as one of

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Big Bags, also referred to as FIBC´s, are

Electrostatic discharges and their ignition potential Energy

Discharge type

Hydrogen /

Solvent vapours

Dust > 1 mJ

Acetylene

MIE > 0.025 mJ

MIE > 1mJ

+

+

+

Conical pile discharge

+

+

+

++

Sparks

+

+

+

+

Brush discharge

+

+

-

Ascending

MIE ≤ 0.025 mJ +++

Propagating brush discharges

+++

Figure 1 – Electrostatic discharges and their ignition potential. Source: www.bgrci.de

Process Safety 29

- Avoid brush discharges: Type C and D - Avoid propagating brush discharges: Type B, C and D - Avoid spark discharges: Type B, C and D Type C Big Bags have conductive filaments, which makes it necessary to ground type C Big Bags. Such grounding can be carried out by means of a cable and clamp.

Another option is grounding by means of a grounding monitoring system. An approval function enables the Big Bag Type C to only be filled if the grounding is correctly established.

Type D FIBCs transfer the resulting charges to the environment via dissipation. However, this requires grounding of all conductive equipment and objects located within reach of the type D Big Bag. Likewise, persons must wear conductive footwear, otherwise these persons will be charged up as well and act as an ignition source themselves.

Figure 2 – Electrostatic charges by means of grounding monitoring device

the truck is properly grounded. Here,

The Big Bag must be selected strictly in accordance with the requirements of IEC

Electrostatic charges during the filling of silos with a pneumatic filling

TS 60079-32-1 “Explosive Atmospheres – Electrostatic hazards, Guidance”, and depends on the minimum ignition energy

Another source of electrostatic charges is in places where a pneumatic transport or the pneumatic filling of

provide an approval system that can be used to control valves or other equipment (Figure 2). In addition to

(MIE) and the zone classification. However, the division also depends on the zone defined on the outside. If a gas zone is

silos by trucks is carried out. If an explosive atmosphere develops outside the truck, and the truck charges up

grounding the truck, care must also be taken to ensure that the conveying line is properly executed. Adequate means

present at the same time, special measures must be considered.

electrostatically due to the conveyance, there will be an acute risk of explosion.

For this purpose, always ensure that

that this must be electrically conductive/ conductive dissipating and grounded.

there are also systems on the market that are able to monitor the proper grounding of the truck and, via relays,

Use of the different types of FIBC Bulk Product in FIBC MIE of dusta MIE > 1000 mJ 3 mJ < MIE ≤ 1000 mJ MIE ≤ 3 mJ

Surroundings Non flammable atmosphere

Dust zones 21-22b

Gas zones 1-2b (Explosion Groups IIA /IIB)c

A, B, C, D

B, C, D

C, Dd

B, C, D

B, C, D

C, Dd

C, D

C, D

C, Dd

Measured in accordance with IEC 61241-2-3, ASTM E2019 and EN 13821 with a capacitive discharge circuit (no added inductance) See D.2 for the definition of zones. c See D.3 for an explanation of Explosion Groups. d Use of Type D should be limited to Explosion Groups IIA/IIB with MIE ≥ 0.14 mJ. NOTE 1: Additional precautions are usually necessary when a flammable gas or vapour atmosphere is present inside the FIBC, e.g. in the case of solvent wet powders.

NOTE 2: Non-flammable atmosphere includes dusts having a MIE > 1000 mJ. NOTE 3: The MIE limit of 3 mJ is based on the incendivity of cone discharges. Cone discharges might have a much higher energy in a Type B FIBC than in a Type C or D FIBC because the wall of a Type C oder D FIBC will be at close to zero potential. Based on this fact the internal field distribution will be such that in Type C oder D FIBC cone discharges will at most only jump across half the diameter of the FIBC. A calculation with the formula given in A.3.7 for the largest FIBC commonly used (diameter of 1,5 m) yields 3 mJ for powder with a median size of only 0.055 mm in a Type B FIBC, whereas in a Type C or D FIBC the 3 mJ limit is only reached with a coarse powder having a median size of 0.27 mm or higher. However, such coarse powders usually have a MIE higher than 3 mJ. a

b

Figure 3 – Selection of suitable FIBC types depending on bulk material and operating conditions. Source: IEC TS 60079-32-1

www.hazardexonthenet.net

30 Process Safety

Figure 4 – Grounding monitoring of a truck

Insulating intermediate pieces such as sight glasses or similar should be avoided, as these may lead to propagating brush discharging.

Conical pile discharge in silos An often not considered circumstance is the possibility of so-called conical pile discharges in silos. Bulk solids are generally not regarded as conductive

but can be dangerously charged during pneumatic conveying. If the silo is large and the bulk material has large particles, there is a risk that the cloud of dust above the bulk material will ignite due to a conical pile discharge.

If the conical pile discharge cannot be excluded as an effective ignition source, a protection through protective systems must be established in case of doubt,

Figure 5 – Explosion protection by means of flameless explosion venting and quench valve on a silo with the risk of conical pile discharge

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Process Safety 31

such as flameless explosion venting or explosion suppression. The protection

Conclusion

About the authors

Electrostatic discharges are difficult

of adjoining plant components must also be taken into account during the protection design phase. The supply line must be isolated against the pressure and flame of a possible explosion. This prevents the explosion

to grasp as they are not immediately visible and are highly dependent on the operating equipment and bulk materials used. An adequate evaluation of electrostatics as a possible ignition source is therefore all

from striking back, for example into the conveying truck or into the Big Bag loading station. In addition, the silo discharge must be equipped with an appropriately certified rotary valve, e.g.

Ex II (1) 2 D, to prevent the explosion

the more important. The guideline to be applied in Germany is TRGS 727 and the international version is the IEC TS 60079-32-1, which provides corresponding assessment methods for the dust and gas explosion safety.

Marius Bloching is Corporate Senior Engineer at REMBE GmbH Safety and Control and works on explosion safety applications for different industries. He mainly focuses on the different legal requirements in regard to explosion protection, which apply around the world and which sometimes significantly differ from each other.

propagation in this direction.

Alexander Kemmling is Sales Executive Explosion Prevention at REMBE GmbH Safety and Control. He is responsible for the sales field of fire and explosion prevention equipment.

Image: Shutterstock

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Conference • Workshops • Exhibition • Awards Programme

2021

6th & 7th October • Harrogate • Yorkshire • UK

Awards nominations open for Hazardex 2021, organisers say

“ act now to enter ”

The 2021 Hazardex Awards for Excellence, to stage on the evening of October 6th in Harrogate, UK, will include six categories for which nominations are now open!

The deadline for nominations is August 6 The Hazardex awards programme has long been a benchmark for those supplying products, services and systems within hazardous areas. You can play your part in raising awareness and standards across the sector by nominating for the Hazardex 2021 awards, entering your vote and encouraging your colleagues to do likewise.

The Awards evening will take place during the annual Hazardex International Conference and Exhibition, which is widely recognised as the most important global event specific to hazardous area operations across all major industries.

The event brings together the international process safety community to review best practice and the latest research in those areas key to managing process safety effectively.

To nominate - go to our website www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Sponsor Exhibitor & w available packages no 21 x & PPTex 20 for Hazarde r details contact us fo

Media Partner

Entry is free, and this is the ideal opportunity to reward those companies and individuals you think most deserve recognition for the most innovative products, systems and services. The deadline for nominations is August 6 after which Hazardex readers and website users will be asked to vote for the winners in each category.

All COVID-19 regulation and UK government guidelines will be observed to ensure the safety of all participants.

Contact us for 2021 participation information now!

Email: hazardex@imlgroup.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990 www.hazardex-event.co.uk

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Supporting Organisations

Mining 33

Operating underground presents a unique set of challenges, particularly when it comes to automation and communication

Taking Industry 4.0 underground O

perating underground presents a unique set of challenges, particularly when it comes to automation and communication.

Christian Fimpler, Product & Program

these disparate elements through the development of a universal set of principles and standards.

Manager for Hazardous Area Communications at Eaton, examines whether Industry 4.0 principles around connectivity are achievable in subsurface applications.

digitalisation: the application of information and communication technology (ICT) to enable every component, every machine and every site to be fully connected: from the smallest field device right up to the

work. In some cases, this also reduces risk by removing people from potentially hazardous environments altogether.

Industrial operations around the world are under constant pressure to increase production efficiencies, boost profitability and improve product quality; while at the same time enhancing safety. Industry 4.0 provides a means of addressing

Cloud. The levels of automation and humanmachine interaction that digitalisation can deliver are not yet fully realised: but the potential benefits are already clear.

In process terms, these benefits include reproducible complex tasks involving multiple machines and the collection and

desirable in highly mechanized industries where hazards are commonplace, such as mining and tunnelling. However, operating underground throws up some unique challenges: some of which make the adoption of Industry 4.0 ways of working problematic.

A key enabler for Industry 4.0 is

analysis of data in order to spot production trends, anticipate maintenance requirements and save energy. In human terms, workers are freed from boring, repetitive tasks so they can focus on more value-added, skilled

These potential benefits become even more

www.hazardexonthenet.net

34 Mining Below the surface Mining operations – whether for coal,

limited to installing, controlling and maintaining the heavy equipment involved.

Currently, a number of specialist standalone systems are deployed, with safety-critical

potash, diamonds or precious metals – are intrinsically hazardous places in which to work. Working conditions are necessarily restrictive and there is a constant risk of exposure to harmful dust and gases.

Similar conditions are encountered by those

In these circumstances, Industry 4.0 connectivity sounds like a silver bullet that will enable the collection and analysis of relevant data in order to relay it out in real time to the people and equipment that need

systems kept separate from automation and operational systems. Often developed by different OEM manufacturers, these systems have only limited options for connectivity and the exchange of information particularly as they can use different

it. But life, as we know, is never that simple.

program languages.

Current state

Both mining and tunnelling were once highly

There are some major barriers to implementing Industry 4.0 levels of connectivity in underground applications.

For reasons of reliability, hard wiring is still preferred over wireless systems in underground installations for critical communications. For example, each

labour-intensive, but mechanisation and automation has largely replaced humans.

Thankfully, we are no longer at the cutting edge with picks and shovels or hauling

How can we collect and transfer data in a timely and efficient manner between machines that are operating deep underground and the surface control room,

analogue telephone has its own cable, so if one experiences a fault the other devices are not affected. However, hardwired systems do have some drawbacks.

carts of spoil back to the surface. Machines designed for cutting, drilling and crushing alongside heavy duty conveyor systems have removed much of the physical labour.

and from a surface control room to workers who may be several kilometres along a subterranean tunnel or access road? Let us examine current practice.

Accommodating multiple cables in confined spaces is not easy: and while analogue phones require one cable per device, digital/ fibre optic cable and an IP structure can

involved in the construction of essential underground infrastructure, such as road and rail tunnels, water ring mains and sewers.

Human interventions are now generally

save space and cost.

Image: Shutterstock

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Mining 35

WiFi, that bedrock of the internet age, also has some issues to overcome when being

simply unacceptable in a hazardous working environment.

applied underground. Electronic devices are known to be affected by dust ingress, high temperatures and interference – particularly from vibration and noise: none of which is a recommendation for reliability. While robust design and IP-rated enclosures can do much to mitigate these effects, the risk

In addition, modern communications devices that most of us would take for granted – such as mobile phones and tablets – are not yet ubiquitous in underground locations.

Quite aside from the connectivity issues, they are a potential source of ignition. So,

that one electronic node failure could knock out communications to an entire sector is

any devices of this type need to be equipped with explosion protection.

Industry 4.0 connectivity sounds like a silver bullet that will enable the collection and analysis of relevant data in order to relay it out in real time to the people and equipment that need it – Image: Shutterstock

About the author

Christian Fimpler has more than 20 years’ experience in the mining industry.

Based in Germany, he began his career as an electrician in an underground mine.

Previous employers include TMP GmbH automation & engineering and FHF Bergbautechnik GmbH. Christian joined Eaton in 2012 and has held a number of roles, with increasing responsibility. These include project engineer leader, business unit leader and product line manager for mining. He is now Product Line Manager for Process Connectivity.

Case study – Integrated solution

O

n this evidence, it may seem as

compatibility between the different functions is

Looking further ahead, the technology may

though further adoption of Industry 4.0 in underground applications has hit an impasse. However, new technology may

guaranteed, greatly improving reliability.

evolve to include ways of tracking each individual as well as each machine. This would enable the nearest available maintenance

trigger the step-change that underground industrial applications need to move forward. What is believed to be the world’s first fully integrated IP-based voice, data, WiFi, interlock and automation system has been developed for underground industrial applications where rugged and/ or explosion proof equipment is required.

end-users can choose to use any or all of the integrated functions that SIMAS offers – and its modular design makes it simple to alter or extend the system as operational demands change. Open interfaces mean it can also be used to link with third party systems as required.

System designers, project engineers and

person to be notified to attend a fault, reducing downtime. Or, in the case of an emergency, it would help to plan rescue efforts because the exact position of the injured or ill person would be known: benefiting them and their rescuers.

While SIMAS represents a major step forward,

In conclusion, the potential benefits of Industry 4.0 ways of working have been clear for

The system is known as SIMAS – System Integrated Mining Automation System – and it can use data gathering via WiFi for non-critical applications, but still offers a safety circuit that is hardwired for the transference of critical

it could also be a springboard for further progress towards implementing “Mining 4.0”.

This could be on a practical level, such as finding ways of incorporating WiFi access points into lighting modules or metal roof

some time, but their application in hazardous areas underground has been hampered by a number of factors. This raised the very real prospect of mining and tunnelling falling behind other industrial sectors in their ability

data. This gives users the flexibility necessary to adapt to the challenges of working underground, while offering full integration of automation, communications and safety functions. Because it is designed as a fully integrated system by a single manufacturer,

supports to reduce installation time and space requirements. In the near future, we can already see the potential for adding addressable fire evacuation to this integrated system to enable phased evacuation of personnel, based on proximity to the hazard.

to respond to changes in demand, adopt smart maintenance methods, or implement better safety regimes. The improvement in integration between automation and communication systems now offered by SIMAS is a major step forward.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

36 Certification

Healthy competition is welcomed in the Ex market, but only if everyone adheres to the applicable rules - Image: Bartec

Forewarned is forearmed D

id you know that manufacturers can declare their own Ex products in safety category 3, such as control cabinets and portable devices, safe?

And that they can subsequently market these products as CE marked

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

products for zone 2 or 22? There is nothing wrong with that, but it brings to mind the proverb of the butcher

seems that the same product has been approved by a Notified Body. That is not the case, however – it is still

inspecting his own meat. However, through ‘impressive stamps’ and other misleading tactics, it sometimes

the same butcher. For the buyer, it is important to watch out; forewarned is forearmed.

Certification 37

DHZ

Doe Het Zelf BV

UNIT ASSESSMENT CERTIFICATE

(1)

Issued by a qualified body in explosion safety

(2) European Union Declaration of Conformity for Group II Category 3G equipment in accordance with Directive 2014/34/EU Annex VIII

DHZ 20ATEX1234X

(3) Document Number :

(4) We, Doe Het Zelf BV, Montagelaan 11, 1313 AZ Klussendam, The Netherlands, herewith declare that : (5) The apparatus Converted to Type Quantity File Serial numbers

ATEX Zone 2 …

II 3G IIC T4 / II 3D IIIC T135°C …

2 pieces TCF… DH-20…-01 /-02

(6) Is in conformity with the provisions of the following European Union directive, including the latest amendments, and with national legislation implementing these directives: - 2014/34/EU (ATEX); concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (7) And that the following harmonized standards have been applied in design and construction: EN 60079-0 EN 60079-11 EN 60079-15 (8) The marking of the apparatus includes the following: II 3G Ex ic nAC h IIC T3 Gc / II 3D Ex tc IIIC T135°C Dc (9) The apparatus in its basic version is originally manufactured by : OEM (10) Assessment and conversion to explosion safe is carried out by: Doe Het Zelf BV, Montagelaan 11, 1313 AZ Klussendam, The Netherlands.

(11) On behalf of: Client Name (12) This declaration does not imply that the apparatus meets all the statutory requirements in any particular industry and/or circumstance.

Doe Het Zelf BV, Klussendam, 01-09-2020

Prof. Dr. Van der Knoei IECEx Competent Person (X) Special conditions for safe use are specified in the accompanying user manual of the equipment.

Figure 1 – A voluntary certificate from a genuine recognised Notified Body, DEKRA

Figure 2 – A so-called ’certificate’ from a manufacturer posing as a qualified body with an IECEx Competent Person in service

The ATEX product directive (ATEX 114)

certify at all (this is why independent

only applies to electrical equipment.

has a conformity procedure for safety category 3 whereby manufacturers may independently, without input from a Notified

certification bodies exist for this activity), which brings us back to the proverb of ‘the butcher who inspects his own meat’.

But there is only a ‘certificate’ when a Notified Body is first involved. This may be a ‘Unit Verification Certificate’ (for one-

Body, declare their produced Ex products (such as control boxes or portable devices) safe by means of a self-assessment and

The situation can lead to plenty of negative press and scandals – just think of horse meat being sold as beef!

off production), but it is usually an ‘EU Type Examination Certificate’ (for serial production).

Currently, we see an increasing amount of manufacturers in the market presenting

Voluntary

themselves as Ex manufacturers. Healthy competition is welcomed in the Ex market, but only if everyone adheres to the applicable rules. And that is exactly where attention must be drawn. Does the end user realise that the safety of the product and the correctness of the accompanying documents may be essential in the event of

can also be issued for category 3, but this is done on a voluntary basis and is then called a ‘Type Examination Certificate’ (note: without the indication ‘EU’). But again, ‘certificates’ should be seen as documents demonstrating independent examinations.

Even major reputable Ex manufacturers make use of these to get their products

an incident?

subsequently place them on the market as a CE marked Ex product for Zone 2 or 22.

So much for the wording dictated by the text, as the ATEX directive must be included in the National Legislation in each member state of the European Union due to the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. This is how it is regulated in the Netherlands under the Explosion-safe Equipment Commodities Act Decree.

It is also worth mentioning that a certificate

The category 3 conformity procedure is commonly referred to as ‘self-certification’.

Some people will of course understand this is actually asking for trouble. This is

For the record, ATEX directive 2014/34/ EU also defines safety category 1 and 2.

In the conformity procedure for category 1, there is always mandatory involvement

more easily accepted by more demanding end users and inspection agencies. In all cases the manufacturer applies CEmarking and draws up an EU Declaration of Conformity which, together with the installation or user safety instructions, is

because a manufacturer cannot formally

of a Notified Body; for category 2 this

mandatory with the equipment. Legally in

Self-certification

www.hazardexonthenet.net

38 Certification in almost exactly the same style and context as when it comes from a real Notified Body. Finally, the certificate is also signed with impressive stamps as if it came from a recognised Notified Body...

Is this misleading?

Keep in mind that you, as a purchaser or user of such a product, is actually being sent up the garden path by the manufacturer. The Ex manufacturer should provide an EU Declaration of Conformity with which it declares and legally signs a ‘Presumption of Conformity

Figure 3 – An Ex certified mobile computer – but always remember: is this device suitable for the relevant zone?

Europe, an EU Declaration of Conformity is more important than a Type Examination Certificate. In fact, the latter certificate is proof only for the manufacturer that

Impressive stamps

the prototype has been approved by an independent party. Nothing more, nothing less.

procedure by manufacturers, without the intervention of a Notified Body, where the manufacturer draws up a ’certificate’

www.hazardex-event.co.uk

Back to category 3. What do we see on the market today? Many products that are subjected to the conformity

with the Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) of the directive’.

But what do you get? A ‘certificate’ which looks like an independent Type Examination Certificate but is in fact drawn up by the manufacturer itself.

It is to be hoped that the user will detect this. For someone who knows the standards well, this kind of manufacturer will quickly be found out; types of

Certification 39

protection are mentioned, which are not always found in the list of applied

Scheme IECEx 05. Marking with IECEx logos is in fact a violation of the IECEx

standards or, even worse, may not apply to the product at all. Furthermore, we often see that the edition of the standard is old or not mentioned at all; apparently they don’t even know the ‘State of the Art’.

Rules of Procedure and therefore punishable as ‘misuse’. One could even openly question the competence of such persons.

Tips

An explanation

• Take a serious look to see what is on offer.

• Cheap can be expensive, especially when it comes to the safety of the plant, but even more so when it comes to the safety of the

What also happens is that IECEx terms and ATEX terms are confused. This is unfortunate because IECEx, as a voluntarily applicable system, deviates very strongly from ATEX here; whatever

But what if there is an accident or calamity with the product in question. Who is responsible then? In fact, the answer is simple: the plant owner always remains responsible for what they do or do not allow in their factory.

employees.

• Be on the lookout for misleading sales pitches; ‘A large oil company also uses it’.

• The larger reputable Ex manufacturers, many of whom have

level of protection you wish to apply under IECEx, from ‘a’ to ‘c’, in all three cases an independent IECEx Certification Body shall perform an assessment and certify

Whether the purchaser or user of the product is insured if it turns out to be a dubious product will have to be made

conformity to ISO or IEC standards.

An ATEX related ‘certificate’ (which should be an EU Declaration of Conformity) is therefore indeed misleading if it is signed with titles such as Competent Person according to the Personnel Competency

clear. Should it go wrong, it can go so wrong that there is practically no evidence left. If the cause can be found, the manufacturer will have some explaining to do in court. It would probably mean the end of the company.

been in business for over 50 years, know how things should be done and do everything they can to apply the regulations correctly.

• Ask the inspection agencies whether they assess the documents supplied sufficiently in terms of content. Just receiving an impressive document does not mean that it is correct.

About the author Figure 4 – An Ex smartphone in combination with an Ex camera and Ex headset making video meetings between office and hazardous areas possible

Karel Neleman is an Ex authorised person at BARTEC Group. He is a Member of the Dutch National Standardisation committee Explosion Safety and Chairman of the Installations Subcommittee. Karel is also Delegated Ex manufacturer in the Dutch ATEX Comitology Committee, Delegated Ex manufacturer in the international IECEx Management Committee, member of several TC31 Maintenance Teams that bring standards to the desired State of the Art, and a member of the ATEX 153 platform; a repository of knowledge about Ex applications.

www.hazardexonthenet.net

Conference • Workshops • Exhibition • Awards Programme

S NEW DATE RELEASED

2021

6th & 7th October • Harrogate • Yorkshire • UK

Following recent updates from the UK Government, the Hazardex 2021 Conference, Exhibition & Awards will now take place in person, on the 6th & 7th October 2021.

xhibitor Delegate, E packages & Sponsor x for Hazarde le b a il a v a now t 21 - contac 0 2 x e T P P & ils us for deta

Media Partner

The health and safety of all participants remains key in the organisation of Hazardex 2021. With the continued rollout of vaccinations across the UK and Internationally, these new dates will help ensure the event is safe and productive for all.

COVID-19 regulations and UK Government guidelines will be observed & enforced as required at the time of the event.

Contact us for 2021 participation information now!

Email: hazardex@imlgroup.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1732 359990 www.hazardex-event.co.uk www.hazardexonthenet.net

Supporting Organisations

Events 41

Hydrogen + Fuel Cells EUROPE (Virtual) Date: 12-16 April 2021 Location: Online Hydrogen + Fuel Cells EUROPE is part of HANNOVER MESSE and will take place between April 12-16. It is the platform where key challenges can be discussed, solutions presented and networks expanded.

The digital conference and exhibition will include topics such as: hydrogen generation, hydrogen storage and transport, fuel cell systems and applications, stationary, automotive, mobile, special markets, components and supplying technology, fuel cell and battery testing, and stationary batteries.

The event will include exhibitor livestreaming where you can immerse yourself in bestcase applications and get concrete solution approaches via livestream and video chats.

An Interactive Conference Program and digital networking service will allow you to connect with leading hydrogen industry figures. Via a matchmaking service, you can find suitable contacts, arrange appointments, and get into conversations with exhibitors and other participants via video call.

The digital event will also include a personal dashboard where you can save your favourite content, access your appointment planner and contact list, or view personal

recommendations based on your interests.

Exhibitors include nel, AVL, borit, DANA, Sumitomo Electric, Toyota, Hyundai Mobis, ITM Power, PowerCell, Hexagon, and many more. www.h2fc-fair.com/en/

American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers Annual Meeting 2021 Date: 12-13 April 2021 Location: Online The American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) Annual Meeting assembles key executives, decisionmakers, and technical experts from refining businesses, technology providers, contracting and consulting firms, and equipment manufacturers around the world. This year’s event has gone virtual, potentially connecting even more of the AFPM global network on April 12 and 13.

The mission for the Annual Meeting is to deliver an engaging program addressing both significant opportunities and challenges for US refiners and petrochemical manufacturers. This year it may seem the challenges outweigh the opportunities, but the AFPM is excited to deliver a program designed to arm you with critical information to help you achieve more, go farther, and improve your company’s performance. The AFPM hopes to hold the 2022 meeting in-person.

Chet Thompson, President & CEO of AFPM and Joe Gorder, Chairman, President & CEO of Valero Energy Corporation. There will also be breakout sessions hosted by BASF, Honeywell, Technip Energies, Haldor Topsoe, and any more.

Among the speakers at AFPM 2021 are

www.afpm.org/events/AM21

MEOS 2021 Date: 24-27 May 2021 Location: Bahrain

some of the oil & gas industry’s largest corporations.

The 22nd edition of the Middle East Oil & Gas show and conference (MEOS) has been rescheduled to May 24-27 and will be held in-person at the Bahrain International Exhibition & Convention Centre.

MEOS is also privileged to receive full support from GCC national oil companies including ADNOC, BAPCO, KPC, PDO and Saudi Aramco, who take showcase stands at the exhibition, implement major visitor delegations and play an active role on the conference organising committee.

The MEOS exhibition serves all areas of the oil & gas industry and has done over the last 40+ years. Attended by every oil producing state in the region, the exhibition attracts specialised businesses and

Organised by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the parallel conference consists of high quality technical presentations focused on Middle East

issues. The conference typically features over 300 papers, a series of panel sessions led by presidents, CEOs and chairmen of key players, and a high ranking collection of keynote speakers.

MEOS 2021 conference will take place under the theme: Shaping the Future of Energy in a Dynamic World. www.meos-expo.com

www.hazardexonthenet.net

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Like what you see, but not your copy?

If you or/and a colleague would like to receive FREE copies of HazardEx Magazine every month, you can register online by scanning the QR code below

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Open the QR code on your phone or launch the camera on an iPhone, scan the QR code above and complete the online form or visit https://data.imlgroup.uk/hazardex-quick-signup/

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Data Files/Buyers Guide 27 Buyers Guide and Datafiles 43

Explosion-safe Air Conditioners

Hazardex 2021 Exhibito TEX Zone 2 iPhone 11 (Pro Max) – Increased Intrinsically Safe Apple Smartphone ATEX

SUCO introduces world’s most compact Ex uring, the Netherlands.

The Apple switch iPhone 11 pressure

EASY TO ORDER GAS and DUST ATEX FANS

Measurement and Control – ExCABINS Special AND Interest Group FOR OFFICES, CRANE TLQ’S

Product Data file Features: in hazardous locations. The explosion proof • Explosion safetyFerrari level: IIhave 3G ; standardised Ex ec ic IIC T4their Gc Zone 2 and Zone 22 Suitable for Zone 2 environments tured by Apple than converted and certified is certified according to • Charger 110-240VAC ventilation fans to make it easier to enquire and order, The new series 0342/0343 es by Atexxo Manufacturing. makes the andwon • Charger EASY our website contains a simple enquiry form for you to ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU IECExthe scheme TheThis InstMC Ex-SIG Best User engagement at a50/60Hz professional level.

Capacity up to 14 kW se in gas /vapor zone 2 hazardous areas. complete with your requirements and can be emailed to for the ex zones gas 1+2,(zone dust 21+22 and mining.

Applications: Hazardous material storage, petro Application award at the Hazardex 2020 GAS e installed by the end-user themselves. usand for more information.

By reducing the ignition gaps to a minimum, the chemical plants and oil gas extraction sites.

Cooling and heating Awards Excellence, which took The qualifi cation is based on peer review in The Zone 2 fans are suitable for general explosive Ex pressure switches assigned the ignition egulations is achieved by modifi cationfor ofare the ATE Atexxo Manufacturing is market leading in the field gases and Zone for non-conductive explosive protection type “Flameproof Enclosure (Ex d)”.

230 or 400 VAC ally safe electrical circuit, which makes the Hazardex of usermanner friendly and to install explosion proof place at the Conference & the same as easy IEng/CEng, with22 a fans similar dusts.

They can be suitable for internal and external The Ex pressure switches with protection azardous locations. All features of the original equipment. insuited Harrogate, on February application is overseen by theor internal only, Ambient temperature –27°C to 52°C explosive atmospheres which means insulation “class are for supplyUK voltages up to 250 V. The switching points process, and face scanner can be usedExhibition safely at II” hazardous HazardEx ATEX Ad 8/1/2021 For more information orbe custom solutions can supplied with ATEX rated or safe area can easily adjusted during operation with an designed adjustment screw. Institute’s Professional they 26.beThe Hazardex awards are Registration Committee. please contact our sales department or Heading: visit Keep Hazardous II 3theG Ex ecareh being ic mc IICandT4 Gc Locations Safe, Cool, motors depending on the area classification fans used in.Protected a mounting ofis52 mm at hex 27, the 0342/0343 series are the most Ferrari have standardised their Zone 2 and Zon pro max) comes with aWith black case finishsize and our website www.atexxo.com to Ex recognise excellence in the hazardous compact pressure switches with a broad approval for gas, dust and mining order, our website simple Body (115 words): The ATEX Vortex A/C Enclosure Cooler iscontains certified afor ATEX enquiry Zones 2 fo a rsions. Beside safe use as a phone all versions www.ferrarifantechnologyuk.co.uk be emailed up to us for more information. applications. environments to 80°C and are designed to c ement and or RFID area sector and has become the The Institute has a range of Special Interest temperature rating. The units operate incan lly safe camera scanner. info@ferrarifantechnologyuk.co.uk quietly with their 62 dBA sound level, rather than adding to industrial noise. The unit is b The Zone 2 fans are suitable for general explos www.SUCO Worldwide info:supplying info@suco.de Tel: +49 7142 597 0 ospheres benchmark for those products, Groups, which members of the Institute can join no ambient, dirty, or humid air enters the cabinet. A mechanical thermostat turns the u Tel: 0845 634 2174 explosive dusts. They can be suitable for intern

operating All they Vortex have a sm -SIG) aims services and systems. More details can be for free as a membership benefit, including: necessary, optimizing performance and only, whichcosts. means canA/C bemodels supplied with A that easily mounts on any enclosure andclassification in confined spaces.

The EVL series lighting fixtures innovated and enhanced the fans are being used in. and support found at www.hazardex-event.co.uk.

• Explosive Atmospheres Information: www.vortec.com |www.ferrarifantechnologyuk.co.uk sales@vortec.com | 800-441-7475 DUST. THE UNDERESTIMATED Keep HazardousContact Locations Safe, Cool, The EVLRISK series of LED lighting fixtures, launched velopment in the • Functional Safety by evelopment OF EXPLOSION Cortem Group in 2015 and available in four sizes,and Protected Image: info@ferrarifantechnologyuk.co.uk nge of activities The Institute of Measurement andhas Control also and enhanced • Flow to offer an even been innovated

0845 634 2174

of risk awareness The ATEX Vortex A/C Enclosure Cooler safer and more performing• product. up is producingThe level offers a professional level qualification in Ex Cybersecurity in food processing is certified for ATEX Zones 2 and 22 • New “Ex op is” certificate o help inform industries matters: for dust‘Registered explosion Explosive Atmospheres with a T4 temperature rating. The units • New multi-LED plate • Digital Transformation is relativelyThis is available to InstMC operate environments up to 80°C • Newmembers range of the ambient temperature to -40°C + 60°Cinand temperature hese are first hazardsEngineer’.

• Measurement low. Take advantage of and are designed to cool enclosures classes colder (T5) with gas group IIB+H2 and IIC e SIG before our unmatched who are expert registered with the Engineering Council • Standards • New supply voltages range from 12 to 277V quietly with their 62 dBA sound level, knowledge in preventingand who can demonstrate rather than adding to industrial ble. An example as IEng/CEng, • New powers available start from 20W up to 220W, with steps of 10W and 20Wnoise.

use use Twitter?

Twitter? dust explosions and use it

Application Example

Ferrari Fan Technology (UK) recently supplied v Bioprocessing company in Ireland. This project were situated on the roof of the building. The e protection from severe weather and to ensure

The unit is built to ensure no ambient,

• Different lumen outputs ranging from amay minimum of 1,700lm to Institute’s a maximum s included on to protect appropriate ‘competence & commitment’ Further details bedirty, found at the your employees, or humid air enters the cabinet. of 21,000lm in the Ex discipline, together with•ongoing website www.instmc.org plant and machinery.

LearnArtidor thermostat turnsfor the unit Explosion Safety B.V. | The Netherlands | artidor.com | Asales@artidor.com Transportable version with electronic driver and a mechanical model specifi cally designed

The fumehood extract fans used were selected FS311/P4 with 1.1kW 4-pole and was selected 2.2kW 4-pole and was selected to achieve 0.71

more about explosion on only discharge when necessary, a rapid and a timely replacement of the old generation lighting optimizing fixtures fans used for wash and autoclave room ext protection on our website performance and operating costs. All Vortex A/C models haveThe a small footprint that installed directly on a pole. impellers, FR561/N4 with 3kW 4-pole and was r-stahl.com. Is your equipment compliant? easily mounts on any enclosure and in confined spaces. www.cortemgroup.com info@cortemgroup.com

enquiries@r-stahl.com | Tel: +44 (0) 121 767 6400 www.vortec.com | sales@vortec.com | Tel: +1-800-441-7475 at @HazardEx yers Guidewww.r-stahl.com |for The fans used for storage cabinet extract were EEMUA Publication 186 - A Practitioner’s at @HazardEx for 0.37kW 2-pole and was selected to provide 0.2 Buyers Guide and Datafi les 51 Handbook for potentially explosive atmospheres and discussions was selected to provide 0.035m3/s at 341Pa an Data files Control Panels to provide 0.739m3/s at 403Pa.

FR251/N4 with 0.55kW 2-pole and was selecte

and discussions afety in the worlds afety in the worlds zard industries MATION & TECHNOLOGY zard CONTROL industries

EEMUA 186 offers guidance for safe installation, inspection and maintenance work in potentially explosive atmospheres.

EEMUA 186 focuses on ignition caused by electrical and mechanical sources and interprets relevantCONTROL parts AUTOMATION & TECHNOLOGY of international and European standards, directives and Do regulations.

YOU use Twitter? tal Solutions Provider Your Total Solutions Provider EEMUA 186 covers application design engineering and Follow us at @HazardEx for allPerson news s in design and custom build of a wide range of in design and custom build of a wide range of duties of the Responsible Specialists (IEC standards).

It includes andFollow discussions related to safety in Areahazardous us at @HazardEx for all s Area Equipment Hazardous Equipmentareas in separate chapters onnews fuel filling stations, andworlds discussions related to water, safety in mechanical ignition sources. the high hazard industries water and waste and the worlds high hazard industries OEM for and Technor Marechal red OEM for Technor Marechal Closely associated withRegistered the CompEx® training competency assessment scheme, this easily navigable resource is available to purchase at: Southampton https://www.eemua.org/Products/Publications/Print/EEMUASO40 9AH azardous area environments Publication-186.aspx +44 (0) 2380 665544

All fans are certified ATEX II 3G IIB T3 with safe

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azardous area environments enquiries@trant.co.uk the journal for hazardous area environments trant.co.uk the journal for hazardous area environments

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CompEx Courses ExF Foundation Ex F Plus Foundation Plus Ex01 – Ex04 Gas & Vapours Ex01 – Ex04 Refresher Ex05 – Ex06 Dust Ex11 Mechanical Ex12 Design Ex14 Responsible Person

Further Accredited Courses in: Electrical Instrumentation Mechanical Health & Safety

+44 (0) 1642 438700 bookings@roxby.com www.roxby.com

AUTOMATION CONTROL & TECHNOLOGY

or Buyers Guide contact

Your Total Solutions Provider Specialists in design and custom build of a wide range of

Hazardous Area Equipment Kathryn Startin

on

Registered OEM for Technor Marechal

+44 (0)1732 359990 or

Southampton SO40 9AH

kathryn.startin@imlgroup.co.uk +44 (0) 2380 665544 enquiries@trant.co.uk trant.co.uk

enquiries@fes-ex.com

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+44 (0)1472 598987

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www.fes-ex.com

For ALL of your DSEAR/ATEX Compliance needs…

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PROCESS SAFETY CONSULTANCY DESIGN INSTALLATION INSPECTION (INC. NON ELECTRICAL) RECTIFICATION TESTING HAZARDOUS AREA ASSET MANAGEMENT

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