cap01-Environment

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Energy and Environment

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by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

First af all …

Why we need energy ?

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

From the second Law of thermodynamics …

1.- Any system search the energetic equilibrium.

2.- Any isolated system keep or decrease its available energy

Then …

If we need to break or separate a system of its state of equilibrium whit the environment, we need available energy.

T= 3ºC

V = 5 m/s

T= 20ºC V = 0ºC

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

How works the biosphere

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

The sun has been the energetic base of life on the earth for millions of years…

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

…until the last 250 years, when a new metabolism begins

by Moisès Morató

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

How it begins ?

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

The greats stocks of accumulated energy found a partner, the industrial revolution, together will change the world known: First industrial revolution

Second industrial revolution - EEUU 1850-1920 - Energy power based in oil.

- The car as icon.

- England (1760-1850) - Energy source: carbon - The Locomotive as icon

Coal mine

Coronel Edwin L. Drake.

Pennsylvania, 1859

Henri Ford Ford-T (1914)

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

What was the first consequence ?

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

The feedback between big amounts of available energy and industrial revolutions let growth all that is related with the human world:

- human population

- activities

-information

- occupied surface

- resources

-residual waste

Before industrial revolutions

After industrial revolutions

Architecture and solar energy

by Moisès Morató

Energy and environment

A growing world that lives of …

a finite amount of energy

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

A world that has grown in a hierarquical and centralized energetic structure

Producer Consumer

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Though other possibilities are possible …

distributed system

Producer Consumer

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

A environment changing

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Some causes of the environment change Non biological Natural activities

No human Biological natural activities

Human activities

Tectonic movement, volcanoes, rain, radiation, wind heat, freeze

Activity of life in biosphere

- Resources exploitation - Territory occupation - Generation of residuals - Generation and energy consumption -…

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Primary energy: The sources

Transforming technologies

Final energy

Oil Natural gas Coil Uranium Wind Sun Water (Tidal energy) Water (Gravitational energy) Geothermal …

Conventional power station Cogeneration Combined cycles Wind turbine Nuclear power station Engines MCI Solar (PV) Solar (Thermal) …

Electricity Gasoline Diesel oil Natural Gas Pellets Heated water …

The energy path Emissions Accidents Residuals

Emissions Accidents Residuals

Emissions Accidents Residuals

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Energy and metabolisms

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by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

metabolism of the biosphere Energy

Materials The Cycle of matter is closed

Sun is the main source of energy Local consumption of energy = Local biosphere potentials

Residual = Resource

No centralized system

Biological entities Sun heat

Residual matter

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Current metabolism in the thecnosphere Energy

Materials

Fossil resources as main energy

No cycle in materials

Territorial dependencies of external energy

Accumulation of residual matter

Limited resources Emission of toxic gases

Intoxication of natural systems

High centralized system

Limited resources

Emissions and heat products

material resources

Residual matter Fossil resources

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Renewable and no renewable energies

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Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Renewable energy is contained in free fluxes.

Main features: - Balance of matter = 0 (no residual material is accumulated) - No always power is available.

- Infinite sources.No use up.

by Mois猫s Morat贸

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Origin of renewable energy

Sun

Solar energy

earth-moon

Tidal energy

earth

Geothermal energy

Hidraulic energy

Eolic energy

biomass energy

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

No renewable energy is accumulated into the earth

Main features: - Balance of matter > 0 (Residual material is accumulated) - Power is always available (while sources exists !).

- Finite sources.

by Mois猫s Morat贸

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Origin of no renewable energy

Big stocks of vegetal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become coil

Big stocks of animal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become oil and natural gas ‌

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Consequences of the actual metabolism energetic.

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by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy

by Moisès Morató

Energy and environment

Some consequences of the actual energetic model :

• Exponential grown of human population • Waste no cycled.

• Exhaustion of energy resources and materials.

• Reduction of biodiversity and wild surfaces • Pressure against support natural systems (atmosphere, fluvial systems, etc) • Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (greenhouse effect) • Armed conflicts for control of energy

FONT: Auma

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

• Exponential grown of human population (positive feedback)

A big human population leads to a growing demand

Large quantities of cheap energy are available

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT) H2O, CO2 , CH4 , NOx , CFC

Short wave Short wave

Long wave

Higher Temperature of equilibrium in the surface -18 ºC to 14ºC Source: oni.escuelas.edu.ar

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)

Source: wikipedia

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy

by Moisès Morató

Energy and environment

• Conflicts for control of the energy

The Gulf War

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

A little example of metabolism that lives of free energy

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

It is efficiency the solution ?

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by Mois猫s Morat贸

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Litre/Km

technological limitations

1960

2010

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Elements

Time

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Elements

Effciency

x

=

The absolut demand of energy is growing !

by Mois猫s Morat贸

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

There are other possibilities ?

by Moisès Morató

Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment

Could be …

- Whit production based in distributed systems

- Increasing save and efficiency ratios

- In a system based in renewable sources of free energies

- Containing exponential human growth effects