by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Energy and Environment
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by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
First af all …
Why we need energy ?
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
From the second Law of thermodynamics … 1.- Any system search the energetic equilibrium. 2.- Any isolated system keep or decrease its available energy
Then … If we need to break or separate a system of its state of equilibrium whit the environment, we need available energy.
T= 3ºC
V = 5 m/s
T= 20ºC V = 0ºC
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
How works the biosphere
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
The sun has been the energetic base of life on the earth for millions of years…
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
…until the last 250 years, when a new metabolism begins
by Moisès Morató
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
How it begins ?
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
The greats stocks of accumulated energy found a partner, the industrial revolution, together will change the world known: First industrial revolution
Second industrial revolution - EEUU 1850-1920 - Energy power based in oil. - The car as icon.
- England (1760-1850) - Energy source: carbon - The Locomotive as icon
Coal mine
Coronel Edwin L. Drake. Pennsylvania, 1859
Henri Ford Ford-T (1914)
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
What was the first consequence ?
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
The feedback between big amounts of available energy and industrial revolutions let growth all that is related with the human world:
- human population
- activities
-information
- occupied surface
- resources
-residual waste
Before industrial revolutions
After industrial revolutions
Architecture and solar energy
by Moisès Morató
Energy and environment
A growing world that lives of …
a finite amount of energy
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
A world that has grown in a hierarquical and centralized energetic structure
Producer Consumer
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Though other possibilities are possible …
distributed system
Producer Consumer
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
A environment changing
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Some causes of the environment change Non biological Natural activities
No human Biological natural activities
Human activities
Tectonic movement, volcanoes, rain, radiation, wind heat, freeze
Activity of life in biosphere
- Resources exploitation - Territory occupation - Generation of residuals - Generation and energy consumption -…
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Primary energy: The sources
Transforming technologies
Final energy
Oil Natural gas Coil Uranium Wind Sun Water (Tidal energy) Water (Gravitational energy) Geothermal … Conventional power station Cogeneration Combined cycles Wind turbine Nuclear power station Engines MCI Solar (PV) Solar (Thermal) … Electricity Gasoline Diesel oil Natural Gas Pellets Heated water …
The energy path Emissions Accidents Residuals
Emissions Accidents Residuals
Emissions Accidents Residuals
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Energy and metabolisms
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by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
metabolism of the biosphere Energy
Materials The Cycle of matter is closed
Sun is the main source of energy Local consumption of energy = Local biosphere potentials
Residual = Resource
No centralized system
Biological entities Sun heat
Residual matter
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Current metabolism in the thecnosphere Energy
Materials
Fossil resources as main energy
No cycle in materials
Territorial dependencies of external energy
Accumulation of residual matter
Limited resources Emission of toxic gases
Intoxication of natural systems
High centralized system
Limited resources
Emissions and heat products
material resources
Residual matter Fossil resources
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Renewable and no renewable energies
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Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Renewable energy is contained in free fluxes.
Main features: - Balance of matter = 0 (no residual material is accumulated) - No always power is available. - Infinite sources.No use up.
by Mois猫s Morat贸
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Origin of renewable energy
Sun
Solar energy
earth-moon
Tidal energy
earth
Geothermal energy
Hidraulic energy
Eolic energy
biomass energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
No renewable energy is accumulated into the earth
Main features: - Balance of matter > 0 (Residual material is accumulated) - Power is always available (while sources exists !). - Finite sources.
by Mois猫s Morat贸
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Origin of no renewable energy
Big stocks of vegetal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become coil
Big stocks of animal organic matter were stored along millions of years at high pressure and become oil and natural gas ‌
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Consequences of the actual metabolism energetic.
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by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy
by Moisès Morató
Energy and environment
Some consequences of the actual energetic model :
• Exponential grown of human population • Waste no cycled. • Exhaustion of energy resources and materials.
• Reduction of biodiversity and wild surfaces • Pressure against support natural systems (atmosphere, fluvial systems, etc) • Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (greenhouse effect) • Armed conflicts for control of energy
FONT: Auma
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
• Exponential grown of human population (positive feedback)
A big human population leads to a growing demand
Large quantities of cheap energy are available
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT) H2O, CO2 , CH4 , NOx , CFC
Short wave Short wave
Long wave
Higher Temperature of equilibrium in the surface -18 ºC to 14ºC Source: oni.escuelas.edu.ar
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)
Source: wikipedia
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
• Thermodynamic atmospheric effects (THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT)
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy
by Moisès Morató
Energy and environment
• Conflicts for control of the energy
The Gulf War
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
A little example of metabolism that lives of free energy
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
It is efficiency the solution ?
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by Mois猫s Morat贸
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Litre/Km
technological limitations
1960
2010
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Elements
Time
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Elements
Effciency
x
=
The absolut demand of energy is growing !
by Mois猫s Morat贸
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
There are other possibilities ?
by Moisès Morató
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
Could be … - Whit production based in distributed systems
- Increasing save and efficiency ratios
- In a system based in renewable sources of free energies
- Containing exponential human growth effects