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One of America’s most historically marked cities.

Maps of Marker Locations Above: Downtown Montgomery Below Left: City of Montgomery Below Right: Montgomery County

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Leaders & Lawyers

Montgomery

The Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Foundation works to build a better quality of life in the Capital of Dreams. By reinforcing strategic community priorities, the Chamber Foundation is creating a more prosperous future for Montgomery and the River Region through its support of historic preservation and revitalization, education and workforce development, building civic capacity, and quality of life initiatives.

For information on how you can support the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Foundation, call 334-834-5200.

Published by Montgomery Area Chamber of

A 501 (c)(3) Non-Profit Corporation, the Montgomery Commerce Historical Preservation Area Chamber of Commerce Foundation operates and Promotion Foundation exclusively for charitable, educational, scientific and literary purposes related the U.S.A. initiatives of the Printed intothe Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce.

In This Place

The Historical Markers of Montgomery, Alabama One of America’s most historically marked cities.

c o v e r ph o t o

Mark Dauber a n I n i t i at i v e o f th e Montgomery Are a C ha m b e r o f C o m m e r c e F o u n d at i o n

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In This Pl ace

FOREWORD

forward

By Mary Ann Neeley, Montgomery Historian

I

n every town, people live and events occur that contribute to the community’s individualism and to those special qualities that make it different from anywhere else in the world.

Curiosity and our need for a sense of time and place cause us to ask what did happen and why. One way of satisfying those urges is through historical markers, which give brief stories of stirring actions, heroic behavior or unique occurrences. For many years, numerous organizations and individuals have denoted the history of Montgomery, city and county, through the placing of markers at significant points, but until this publication there has been no record of either number or location of these tables. Through initial work done by Auburn Montgomery professors Blair Gaines and Nancy Anderson, as well as Auburn Montgomery students, further development by staff of the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Convention & Visitor Bureau, and through funding support from the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Foundation, visitors and Montgomerians now have a guide to titles, topics and sites of these monuments to events both great and small.

Three hundred yards apart, at the head of Dexter Avenue, the two greatest cataclysms in the history of the United States began – the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. Alabama’s Capitol furnished chambers for representatives from defiant Southern states who banded together in 1861 to form the Confederacy, an action that led to the Civil War. One block away, the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church provided the pulpit for a young minister, Martin Luther King, Jr., to proclaim his philosophy of passive resistance as he led the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott, the natal event in the modern Civil Rights Movement.

But much happened in this region before the Civil War and Civil Rights. Native Americans, Spanish, French and English explorers and settlers vied for control of the fertile lands. With the defeat of the Creek Indians in 1814, Montgomery came into being and 32 years later became Alabama’s capital. In 1861, it was the seat of the Confederacy for three months, and in later years reveled as it made transportation history with the Lightning Route, the nation’s first electric streetcar system, and Orville and Wilbur Wright’s Flying School. Montgomery’s markers record these and many other events that gave the city a singular past; taking you to locations where actions occurred, this book is your guide to history.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 4 5 9 12 14 16 19 22 24 25 35 40 40

Foreword.........................................

Introduction....................................

Pioneers & Patriots.........................

City Founders in Early Alabama

The Blues & the Grays...................

Civil War Sites in Montgomery

Cotton & Commerce.....................

Building the Economy of a Southern City

Inventors & Innovations................

Science and Technology

Civil Rights Movement.................

The Places & the People

Airmen, Soldiers & Sailors...........

Montgomery Military History

Leaders & Lawyers.......................

Influential Community Members

Famous Folks...............................

Montgomery’s “Claims to Fame”

Historic Places.............................

Churches, Schools, Homes & Government Sites

Index...........................................

Appendix A

Organizations Placing Markers..........................

Appendix B Sources.............................................

Map..................................... BACK COVER

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In This Pl ace

Introduction

By Jennifer Kornegay, Montgomery Resident & Freelance Writer

T

he founding of Montgomery on the Alabama River in 1819 marked the beginning of a city that has been a launch pad for dreams ever since. Through almost two centuries, Montgomery has drawn and encouraged innovators, visionaries and everyday people to dream big and make those dreams come true, a fact readily evident in our abundance of rich history.

From boasting the country’s first electric streetcar system as well as the country’s first civilian flying school (run by the famous “fathers of flight” the Wright brothers, themselves) to fostering the courage of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr.’s fight for justice that sparked the Civil Rights Movement, the city has long been a place that nurtures and supports the lofty aspirations of dreamers and doers from all walks of life. You can visit the historic sites tied to these accomplishments and feel the captivating moments come alive.

Yet Montgomery’s future is every bit as exciting as its past.

Not even a decade ago, some forward-thinking leaders were honing a new dream, a vision of a revitalized downtown. Key parts of that dream have already been realized: the Riverwalk Amphitheater, The Montgomery Biscuits baseball team, the Harriott II Riverboat, the Renaissance Montgomery Hotel & Spa at the Convention Center, The Montgomery Performing Arts Centre, plus the entertainment district, The Alley, complete with a wide variety of restaurants, nightlife, galleries and more.

Welcome to Montgomery, The Capital of Dreams, where yesterday’s lessons combined with today’s progress and our plans for tomorrow continue to inspire dreams and make them realities.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

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Pioneers & Patriots

pioneers & To the first European-Americans who settled in the Montgomery area, Alabama was still a “Wild West.” The lives of these pioneers, their accomplishments, and the broader national events that affected them profoundly influenced generations to come.

A County Older than the State — Montgomery County

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City of Montgomery

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Court Square

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Court Square Fountain

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Encanchata

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In the Beginning. The Upper Creek were able to discourage most European-American immigration until after the conclusion of the Creek War. Following their defeat by General Andrew Jackson in August 1814, the Creek tribes were forced to cede 23 million acres to the United States, including remaining land in Georgia and most of central and southern Alabama. In 1816, the territory organized Montgomery County, and its lands were sold off the next year at the federal land office in Milledgeville, Georgia.

Intersection of S. Lawrence St. & Washington Ave.

Two Rivals Put Away Differences: A City is Born. Before 1819, two cities met here. To the east sat the main street of Andrew Dexter’s New Philadelphia, to the west that of John Scott’s town, Alabama Town. Notice the differing angles of these streets. Had the two men and their towns not made their peace, we can only wonder what—if anything—would stand at this site now. Court Square.

An Intersection of Time. If you could have stayed on a park bench in this square for long enough—say, 200 years—you would have seen the inauguration of Jefferson Davis, the WWI Rainbow Division victory parade, and the Selma-Montgomery Civil Rights March, among other important processions. Have a seat; who knows what the future may bring through Court Square? Court Square.

Source of Life, Symbol of a City. Here at an artesian well early settlers found fresh water for themselves and their horses in the Alabama heat. The iron fountain placed over it in 1885 has become a Montgomery icon. Court Square.

Area’s True First Inhabitants. Before the paved streets on which you stand at this site, before the dirt roads of Montgomery’s earliest white settlers, stood the Indian village of Encanchata, amidst the forests of Alabama. To close your eyes here is to be mindful that we were not the first to possess this soil—nor will we be the last. Commerce St. between Tallapoosa St. & Bibb St.

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In This Pl ace

Pioneers & Patriots, Continued

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Europeans Along the Alabama River

Early Riverfront Establishment. The 1540 expedition of Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto was first to penetrate the Alabama interior. By 1714, Natives and French agreed to build Fort Toulouse upstream at the River’s origin. At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, France lost this region to England. Maxwell Blvd.

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Farley, Jonathan Coggswell

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Federal Road, The

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Lafayette Ball House

1798-1864 Well-Traveled Pioneer. Farley’s store, chosen for the first election, was itself a pioneering building and housed important events in the city’s early history. Dexter Ave. at McDonough St.

Bumping Along. Travelers on the Federal Road, which connected Washington, D.C. and New Orleans, traveled in stagecoaches built of heavy iron and wood with open windows and no shock absorbers. Over swamps, streams and sand beds, nine passengers rode for a fare of one dollar for every eight to ten miles. Passengers were frequently asked to sway right or left to prevent the coach from tipping over. One mile west of U.S. 31 intersection with Alabama Hwy. 14.

And They Danced into the Night. Music and spirits were the order of the day in 1825 when our “Champion of Liberty,” the Marquis de Lafayette, arrived. Ever the Southern Belle, Montgomery will always remember the dance she shared with this “Illustrious Patriot.” Commerce & Tallapoosa streets.

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Lucas Tavern

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Manac’s Tavern

Lafayette Slept Here. Folks at this tavern, which was moved from here into Old Alabama Town, might still be talking about the festivities of the night the Marquis de Lafayette, Revolutionary War hero, spent here. Jefferson St. between Decatur & Hull streets.

Next Stop, Manac’s Tavern. By the time stagecoach passengers reached Manac’s Tavern, they had traveled across swamps, over swollen streams, and through hostile Creek Indian Territory. A respite from the jouncing stagecoach and a hot meal of any kind were welcome.

However, the only bedsheets were the ones brought by the travelers themselves. One mile west of U.S. 31 & Alabama Hwy. 14.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

Montgomery

Capital of Alabama. Andrew Dexter founded the village of New Philadelphia (around the Capitol). John Scott of Georgiana established Alabama Town (Commerce Street Area) and the two formed in 1819 as one Montgomery. The City became the capital of Alabama in 1846 and was the Confederate States Capital for a short time in 1861.

Maxwell Blvd.

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Montgomery, Brig. Gen. Richard See Naming the City of Montgomery (below)

Montgomery County

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Montgomery’s First Election, January 3, 1820

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Montgomery Freemasonry

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Mordecai, Abram

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Mordecai’s Cotton Gin

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Horseshoe Bend Hero Gives Life, Name to Area. Before the state of Alabama was ever born, this county was created from lands won in the war with the Creek Indian Nation and named for a hero of its major battle, who is commemorated here with a marker and nearby with a statue.

Washington Ave. & Lawrence St.

Just a Month after the City’s Birth. At this site the first city fathers were named and a proposal offered to name the city for a Revolutionary War hero. Dexter Ave. at McDonough St.

City Founder Founds Freemasonry. Andrew Dexter, founder of Montgomery, also gave life in 1821 to the Masonic fraternity, known here and everywhere for its philanthropy. Commerce St. between Tallapoosa & Bibb streets.

First American Settler. In 1785, when the Wild West included Alabama, Abram Mordecai blazed his trail near here on land that would become Montgomery County. Fiercely independent, making a living trading furs, and knowledgeable of the ways of the Indians, he was a true frontiersman.

Columbus St. near Hull St.

Alabama’s First. Cotton has played a crucial role in the story of the South, and the gin made it all possible. No sooner did the county have a white settler than it had a gin—and with it, conflict. Learn about the story here. Columbus St. near Hull St.

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Pioneers & Patriots, Continued

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Naming the City of Montgomery/Brig. Gen. Richard Montgomery

First American General Killed in Revolutionary War. Would you have guessed that a funeral procession from Canada prompted the naming of this city? See this marker to learn the connection. Court Square.

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Native Americans

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Old Oakwood Cemetery

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Struggle for Colonial Empire

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Tocqueville, Alexis de

Earliest Alabamians. Called Creeks by the Europeans, they developed a civilization based on village life, with hunting and agriculture as an economic base. In 1814, Andrew Jackson defeated these Creek Indians at Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River. Maxwell Blvd.

Since 1817. Ordinary citizens and slaves, along with distinguished and notorious characters of history, are interred here. A walk through the tree-shaded lanes tells Montgomery’s stories. N. Ripley & Columbus streets.

Rivals Fight for Control. Just to the east of Union Station, by the pedestrian steps that lead to the Riverfront Park tunnel, this sign marks the spot where an ambush of French explorers occurred on May 24, 1703. The attacking Indians were armed by British agents as the tension between France and Britain played out in the New World. End of Commerce St.

Biographer of a Nation Passes by. His Democracy in America has been called one of the most insightful commentaries available on American society—even though it was written over 150 years ago. The Montgomery area was one of de Tocqueville’s sources of information, as commemorated here. S. Perry St. between High & Grove streets.

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THE BLUES & THE GRAYS

The Blues The United States’ bloodiest war had a marked effect on the Montgomery area. When brother turned against brother, Montgomery played an unforgettable role in the center of the “civil” storm.

A Nation Divided

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Alabama Confederate Monument

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Civil War—Barnes School

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Civil War Medicine/Montgomery’s Confederate Hospitals

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Civil War Military Prisons

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The Split Within. After secession, the seven Confederate states created a government here, and this marker tells how. Corner of N. Bainbridge St. & Dexter Ave.

The Largest and Oldest Monument on the Capitol Grounds. Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederacy, laid the cornerstone for the monument in 1886. The four granite figures around the base represent the four primary branches of the Confederate armed forces: Infantry soldiers, Cavalry Soldiers, Artillery soldiers and the Navy soldiers. Monroe St. near N. Union St.

Hide the Silver! See the ledge where Mrs. Pickett hid the family valuables as her home became headquarters for occupying Union troops in 1865. Later, the house was converted into a private school for boys. You decide who would have been the greatest threat to Grandma Pickett’s silver! Mildred & S. Court streets.

Wartime Medicine. From the beginning of the history of Montgomery, Oakwood Cemetery was the primary burial place for the city. During the Civil War, it became the place where several hundred Confederate soldiers were buried.

Some of these were casualties from major battles who did not recover in hospitals set up in the city but far too many died from other causes such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, malaria and pneumonia. This marker commemorates the work of those hospitals and the final resting place for those who died.

Oakwood Cemetery near buried Confederate Soldiers.

Suffering Yankees. More Union troops died in Confederate prisons than did Confederates in Union prisons; find out how and why. Coosa St. between Tallapoosa St. & the river.

Confederate Hospital See Soldiers’ Home, The (below)

Confederate Military Prison

In a Cotton Warehouse. Many of them destined to die in captivity, Union prisoners here endured extreme hardships. Coosa St. between Tallapoosa St. & the river.

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In This Pl ace

blues & grays, Continued

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29A

Cradle of the Confederacy

Confederate Flag First Flies. The provisional Confederate Congress met in this Capitol after secession in 1861. Recent restoration has given the building a dramatic decor from a slightly later period. N. Bainbridge St.

CSA Post Office Department

First Post Office for the Confederate States of America. This spot marks the site of the first offices of the Confederate States Post Office Department, though it was located here only for a short time before the capital was moved to Richmond, VA. Corner of Washington & Dexter avenues.

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First White House of the Confederacy

30A

First White House of the Confederacy

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Confederate Power House. This antebellum mansion was home to President Jefferson Davis and his family until the Confederate capital was moved to Richmond. Corner of S. Union St. & Washington Ave.

Original Location. This site was the first location for the First White House of the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis and his family resided in the house while he served as President of the Confederate States of America. The house was saved, restored and moved closer to the capitol in 1921. Corner of Lee & Bibb streets.

Fry, Brig. Gen. Burkett Davenport, CSA/Col. B.D. Fry at Battle of Gettysburg

War’s Turning Point. You have just finished marching 25 miles in 11 hours. Now, Col. Oates leads you in five charges against Federal troops at Gettysburg. Will you succeed or fail?

Oakwood Cemetery.

Fry, Col. B.D. at Battle of Gettysburg See Fry, Brig. Gen. Burkett Davenport, CSA (above)

Montgomery’s Confederate Hospitals See Civil War Medicine (above)

Oates, Col. W.C., CSA at Gettysburg See Oates, Governor William Calvin (below)

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Oates, Governor William Calvin/ Oates, Col. W.C., CSA at Gettysburg Up the Hill. His troops made the attack on the Maine regiment at Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg, featured in books and films. He’ll tell you here why he didn’t succeed. Oakwood Cemetery.

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Offices of the Confederate Government

First Capital of a Short-Lived Nation. The Confederate States of America did not last long, nor was Montgomery long its leading city—but for about a month in 1861, the operations of a national government centered on this place.

Commerce & Bibb streets.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

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Soldiers’ Home, The/ Confederate Hospital

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Teague House

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Telegram Which Began War Between the States/ Winter Building

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United States Flag Raised Over Alabama Capitol, Apr. 12, 1865

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Wilson, Maj. Gen. James Harrison, USV

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Wilson’s Raiders, April, 1865

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At this site you can discover how a house on the Bellinger farm, south of Montgomery, became first a Soldiers’ Home, then a Ladies’ Hospital and eventually a residence and the site of a school. S. Hull St. & Highland Ct. Martial Law Declared in City. From the porch of this home, federal troops known as “Wilson’s Raiders” took command of Montgomery, and the former CSA capital was in Northern hands. Stand where Gen. Wilson did and ask yoursef what he saw in the face of Montgomery that day—and what you see today. S. Perry and High streets.

Words of War. You are Secretary of War for the Confederate States of America, and you must instruct your general at the front. Read the full text of the message that started it all as you stand within sight of the location of its original transmission. Court Square.

A Blaze of Glory. After the deciding blow at Appomattox, Confederate generals burned bushels of corn and cotton here to deny invading Yankees their supplies in the Confederacy’s first capital. N. Bainbridge St. & Dexter Ave. See also Wilson’s Raiders (below).

Yankee General in Montgomery. Gen. Wilson entered Montgomery in 1865. He is said to have commandeered the Teague House, ordered a two-week rest for his soldiers and read the Emancipation Proclamation to a “throng of Negroes.” According to the Montgomery Advertiser, he departed two days later, satisfied to see the Stars and Stripes flying over the Capitol, the courthouse and the Exchange Hotel. Maxwell AFB. Death of a Nation. Montgomery citizens had lined the streets and cheered wildly for the birth of their new nation, the Confederate States of America. Four years later, citizens watched silently as General Wilson’s calvary marched proudly through their city in victory. Maxwell AFB. See also United States Flag Raised Over Alabama Capitol, Apr. 12, 1865.

Winter Building

See Telegram Which Began War Between the States (above).

Yancey, William Lowndes

The “Mouth of the South.” When this fiery orator’s voice rang through Montgomery, a nation went to war—and his echoes are still heard here today. Jefferson St. between Decatur & Hull streets.

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COTTON & COMMERCE

cotton & Montgomery’s political prominence should not cause us to overlook its commercial importance in the development of the South, nor the tiny plant that played such a vital role in it.

—”King Cotton”

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Alabama River: The Grand Avenue

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Centennial Hill

Montgomery’s Economic Boom. Since the Alabama River was discovered it has contributed to the city and the state’s economy. In the early 1800s, cotton was the lifeblood of Alabama and the river was its major artery.

Originally goods primarily traveled downstream, but in 1821, the steamboat arrived and launched the start of commerce upstream and down. Maxwell Blvd. west of Whitman St.

The Neighborhood for Prominence. In the 1870s, this was the neighborhood of the African-American elite, a base for many families and events vital to the city’s development. Corner of High & Union streets.

Forefront of Montgomery’s Future, The

See Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce (below).

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High Red Bluff

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Lower Commerce St.

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Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce/The Forefront of Montgomery’s Future

Center Point of Transportation and Commerce. What’s that coming ‘round the riverbend?

A steamboat, paddling in to load up the cotton, of course.

Steamboats came regularly, beginning in 1821 with the “Harriott.” From this vantage point see where the river queens hauled in and out the cargoes that made Montgomery prosper.

Riverfront Park at Commerce St.

Bustling Commercial Center. The 19th Century has been reborn in this warehouse district, whose architectural diversity will charm you. Commerce St. at Union Station.

Promising Site for Enterprise. Promoting development of this city, the Chamber since 1873 has accumulated a remarkable and diverse list of accomplishments detailed here. 41 Commerce St.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

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Morris, Josiah

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Murphy House

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Train Shed

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Transportation and Commerce

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Tulane, Victor Hugo

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Union Station

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Union Station and Riverfront Park

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First Owner, City of Birmingham. It is 1870.

Thanks to this prominent banker’s funds, development will soon begin on a few thousand acres that will become the state’s largest metropolis. What name would you choose for it? 8 Commerce St.

Classic Architecture. Monopoly players know the value of owning the water works! After attaining success as a cotton broker, John H. Murphy incorporated the city’s first water company, headquartered today in his classic Greek Revival-style home. Bibb & Coosa streets.

Golden Days of Railroading. This 19th-century structure, recently restored, ranks with the Eiffel Tower and Brooklyn Bridge in its innovative methods and material. Union Station Train Shed.

Early Economic Development. The Alabama River played an important role in the growth of the economy in the region during the 19th century as a source of transportation of goods. Originally goods primarily traveled in one direction, downstream. But in 1821 with the arrival of the first steamboat, The Harriott, commerce flourished upstream and down. Followed by the development of the first railroad in 1834, Montgomery was transformed into a transportation hub for people and commerce in the Southeast. Maxwell Blvd.

“Rags to Riches.” During a time of hardship for the African-American community, this man’s good works and business sense earned him the respect of blacks and whites alike. High & S. Jackson streets.

Serving Six Rail Lines through the Busy City. Imagine arriving at ths welcoming building with its eclectic architecture in its heyday and hearing the hiss and roar of steam engines in the shed behind. Union Station at Water St.

All Aboard! Rail power joined water transport in making Montgomery a hub of activity for the South. Here you can walk through the tunnel created to allow horse-drawn wagons to carry cotton down to the wharf without having to cross the train tracks. Commerce St. near riverfront.

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In This Pl ace

Inventors & Innovations

Inventors Perhaps Montgomery’s best-kept secret is the leading role it has played in scientific progress, from medicine to transportation.

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City of St. Jude

A Father’s Mission. Founded by Father Harold Purcell in the 1930s, the City of St. Jude included a church, school, medical facilities, social center and rectory with a mission to provide spiritual, educational, social and health services for Montgomery’s black citizens. In 1953 it provided primary polio treatment, then served as a camp site for the Selma to Montgomery March in 1956. The church and school continue to serve the community in the spirit as that of its founder. 2048 W. Fairview Ave.

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Early Alabama Entrepreneur

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Forest Avenue Medical Facilities

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Julian, Percy Lavon, Scientist and Humanitarian

Iron Horse Makes Inaugural Run. In 1836 a locomotive named for Abner McGehee, the Montgomery Railroad’s founder and owner of a plantation that sits all around this point, made its inaugural 12-mile run. See here how the nearby community of Hope Hull got its name. I-65 at Hope Hull.

Innovative Medicine. Jackson, on eof the area’s largest hospitals, was founded by Dr. Frank Jackson in 1946 along with twelve other doctors who were devoted to the community. 1010 Forest Ave.

Great Deeds to Come. You stand on the street where Percy Lavon Julian was born. Later, his studies and experiments would lead to astonishing and diverse scientific discoveries. Holt & Bullock streets.

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Lightning Route, The

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McGehee, Abner

City Installs First Electric Streetcar Railway System in Western Hemisphere.

The discovery of electricity brought many changes in the later 1800s, including changes in transportation. Here, beginning in 1886, ran the streetcar line that put Montgomery in the forefront of this innovation. Court Square.

Revered Methodist Layman Laid to Rest.

Abner McGehee, the driving force behind the first railroad between Montgomery and West Point, Georgia, now lies in this quiet family graveyard close to McGehee’s Switch. The whistle from a passing freight train is a mournful reminder of long-ago days when this area was a busy, productive plantation. I-65 at Hope Hull.

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Office of Dr. Luther Leonidas Hill

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Office Site of Dr. J. Marion Sims

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First Open Heart Surgery in Western Hemisphere. 1902: a stab wound, and a young boy is rushed to the office here, his life hanging in the balance. Young Dr. Hill takes up sutures, mending the child’s exposed heart.

A revered local medical legacy begins. Perry & Washington streets.

“Father of Modern Gynecology.” Dr. Sims earned this title in the 1840s, performing groundbreaking surgical operations for women. Dr. Sims left Montgomery to treat members of European royalty, but every woman can be thankful for the advances he made in the small hospital that stood here. Perry & Washington streets.

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CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Inventors Courageous voices and courageous deeds made Montgomery the epicenter of a movement that would extend truer liberty to all Americans, a movement for the rights of all mankind whose effects are still being felt around the world.

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Browder, Aurelia Eliscera Shines, Civil Rights Pioneer Fighting for What’s Right. The Montgomery Bus Boycott began in December 1955 after several African American women refused to give up their seats to white passengers. The boycott lasted 381 days until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the city bus system unconstitutional. The buses were desegregated on December 22, 1956. Highland Ave. between Sharpe St. & Ross St.

Bus Stop, The

See Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley (below)

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City of Montgomery v. Rosa Parks

The Trial of a Seamstress. Mrs. Parks was found guilty of disorderly conduct on December 5, 1955 for refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a bus. That verdict led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Perry St. at Lister Hill Plaza

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Civil Rights Freedom Riders

Ticket to Ride. Today the old Greyhound Bus Terminal houses the Freedom Rides Museum, but in 1961 it was the scene of an early civil rights confrontation. The marker tells the story of the violent events of May 20, 1961. The museum opened in 2011. 210 S. Court St.

Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church

A Mighty Tabernacle. The centerpiece of the Civil Rights Movement. Can you imagine sitting in this small but spirit-filled church in 1958 and hearing the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. preach? Dexter Ave. & S. Decatur St.

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Gilmore, Georgia

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Greyhound Bus Station

The “Club from Nowhere.” The smells of freshbaked pies and cakes fill the air as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. files past you, plate in hand. Learn how Georgia Gilmore’s culinary skills aided civil rights efforts. 405 Dericote St.

Road to Equality. On May 20, 1961, the Freedom Riders bus pulled into the Greyhound Bus Station in Montgomery, Alabama and were met by an angry mob. Fifty years later, the old bus station became the site of a museum dedicated to the Civil Rights era Freedom Rides. 210 S. Court St.

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Harris House

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Holt Street Baptist Church

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Home of Dr. E. D. Nixon, Sr.

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King, Dr. Martin Luther/Ministers’ Home, Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church

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Advocate for Civil Rights. Dr. Richard H. Harris was an instrumental organizer and supporter during the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56. He also was a key supporter of the Freedom Riders in 1961. S. Jackson St. near Key St.

Launching a Crusade. You can almost feel the energy and determination of the 5,000 people who gathered here, under the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on the first day of the Bus Boycott in December 1955. Holt & Bullock streets.

A Name You’ll Remember. Dr. Nixon posted bail for Rosa Parks and gathered support for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. You stand at a site that was witness to death threats and even a bombing, yet resonant with the spirit of “The Father of the Civil Rights Movement.” Clinton St. between Rosa Parks Ave. & Holt St.

A Man of Peace and Power. Although a bomb exploded here in 1956, Dr. King calmed angry crowds, saying peace would conquer all fears and doubts.

Key & S. Jackson streets.

Ministers’ Home, Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church See King, Dr. Martin Luther (above).

Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley/ The Bus Stop

A Courageous Woman’s Movement. Rosa McCauley Parks moved from Tuskegee to Pine Level (south of Montgomery) and married Raymond Parks in 1932. The two together became active in the NAACP while she alone became known as the “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement” after refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a segregated Montgomery bus. This stand sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott on December 5, 1955 that unintentionally lasted one year until the U.S. Supreme Court ordered integration of public transportation. Intersection of Dexter Ave. & Commerce St.

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civil rights movement, Continued

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Parks, Rosa/Montgomery Bus Boycott

Simple Act of Courage Shakes a Nation Forever. When she stood on this spot on a cold December day in 1955, Mrs. Parks had no plans to change the world— only to catch a bus. Yet her conviction in refusing to yield her seat merely for the color of her skin and the boycott of the Montgomery bus system that followed sparked a chain reaction that is still affecting the life of every man, woman, and child who cherishes his or her civil rights. Montgomery & Molton streets.

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Posey, The E.L. – Parking Lot

Rolling Churches. This parking lot was one of two main hubs used by the black community during the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 and 1956. The boycott ended when integrated bus service began on December 21, 1956. McDonough St. between Monroe St. & Dexter Ave.

Selma to Montgomery March, The

They Camped here on Their way to Vote.

More than 25,000 marchers seeking voting rights in March 1965 camped at this location – The City of St. Jude. Joining them were celebrities such as Harry Belafonte, Sammy Davis, Jr., Mahalia Jackson and more. W. Fairview Ave.

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South Jackson Street

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Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church

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The Center. During the Civil Rights movement, this neighborhood was a pivotal place for African-Americans, and where many movement leaders lived and led meetings. Corner of High & S. Jackson streets.

NAACP Youth Council Meeting House. This church, was organized in 1918, eventually became the place where Mrs. Rosa Parks, mother of the Civil Rights Movement, would hold meetings of her NAACP Youth Council. Assisting her was a famous white pastor during the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Robert Graetz. Rosa Parks Ave.

Whitehurst, Bernard

Policing in a Historic City: Civil Rights and Wrongs in Montgomery. In 1975, Whitehurst was mistakenly believed to be a suspect in a robbery and shot to death by a police officer. Thirsty seven years later, the Montgomery City Council recognized the family and dedicated a marker in his honor. This historic case is currently being used in the police curriculum. Corner of Perry St. & Madison Ave.

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AIRMEN, SOLDIERS & SAILORS

airment, Montgomery has always embraced those who fight to defend our freedom. A distinguished military history is commemorated throughout the region.

9th Infantry Division/The Old Reliables

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37th Division, the Buckeye Division, World War I/World War II & Korea

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In for the Long Haul. Fighting with strength and endurance—in two world wars, under NATO, and in Vietnam— the 9th was always ready to answer the call. Johnson Ave. & Lower Wetumpka Rd.

The Spirit of Unity. Here at Camp Sheridan in 1917 troops of the Ohio National Guard were organized into a division that would fight through three wars in Europe, the Pacific, and Asia, with eight members earning the Medal of Honor. Johnson Ave. & Lower Wetumpka Rd.

167th Infantry (4th Alabama)/ Alabama’s Own

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From 1836 through the Korean War. Formed to defend Fort Foster in Florida, the 167th also served in the Mexican War, the Civil War, two world wars, and the Korean conflict. Fighting alongside Brig. Gen. T.J. Jackson at the Battle of Manassas, the 167th helped “Stonewall” Jackson earn his nickname by plugging a vital gap—just one acomplishment in decades of service. Johnson Ave. & Lower Wetumpka Rd.

Above & Beyond

See Davis, Maj. Charles W., Infantry United States Army (below)

Air Force ROTC

Officers Made Here. You stand at a place that has provided the home to Headquarters, Air Force ROTC, since 1956. This program represents the service’s oldest and largest source of commissioned officers. Maxwell AFB.

Air University

Amid the Planes. While strolling among the planes on display, imagine them in their heyday with engines roaring.

Think of pilots in flight suits climbing into cockpits and waiting for the “all clear” from their crew chief. These exhibits document the proud history of the United States Air Force. Maxwell AFB.

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Alabama’s Own

See 167th Infantry (4th Alabama) (above).

Camp Sheridan

World War Training Site. This site trained the 37th Division of the National Guard Troops of Ohio for service in the World War. Johnson Ave. East of Lower Wetumpka Rd.

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AIRMEN, SOLDIERS & SAILORS, Continued

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Capitol City Guards, 1884-1905

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Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L.

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Davis, Maj. Charles W., Infantry United States Army/Above & Beyond

Longer Service than any other Volunteer Unit. For 20 years, the state’s leading African-American volunteer regiment participated in military functions and ceremonial occasions. Dexter Ave. between Lawrence & McDonough streets.

Tiger with Wings. Maj. Gen. Claire Chennault liked a good fight and championed aerial pursuit and tactics as essential to warfare. Movie aerial dogfights—even Star Wars—are based on tactics taught by Chennault here. Maxwell AFB.

Maj. Davis won the Medal of Honor. During a distinguished 32-year career, Maj. Charles W. Davis of the United States Army won the Medal of Honor during the battle for Guadalcanal during World War II. Riverwalk, Montgomery.

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Golden Star Memorial

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Gunter Annex/Gunter Basic Flying Training School

Honoring Those who have Fallen. A war memorial for fallen soldiers located on the grounds of the state capital of Alabama in Montgomery. This is a living memorial; it has various golden flowers filling a large star throughout the year. It would be a World War I monument considering that it was placed in 1921 and has been maintained ever since that time. Alabama State Capitol grounds.

Air Support. Home to diverse support and training units of the Air Force when the basic flying training school was opened in August 1940 at Gunter. There were no barracks for the 120 cadets, no hangers for the first six training planes, no landing fields for training and no permanent control tower.

By December 7, 1941, however, Gunter Field was training thousands of young American and British airmen. Gunter AFB.

Gunter Basic Flying School See Gunter Annex (above)

Keyton Station See Remount Depot (below)

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Maxwell, Lt. William C.

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Maxwell Air Force Base

Aviation Pioneer and Hero. You can read here of the exploits and bravery that led to this military base being renamed for him. Maxwell AFB. Wright Brothers Open Flying School on Farm. Indian burial mounds in open fields, reminiscent of the Kitty Hawk sand dunes, and favorable information regarding Alabama’s weather led to the Wright Brothers’ decision to open their flying school here. Doubtful Montgomery citizens walked or rode their horses out to the farm; they returned to town shaking their heads. Men could fly! Maxwell AFB.

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Maxwell Air Force Base/Air University

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Montgomery County Korean War Veterans

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First Flight School. The Wright brothers opened the nation’s first flight school in Montgomery in 1910 on the Kohn plantation. Today, Air University trains officers in a number of academic schools. Maxwell Blvd.

Honoring the Fallen. Many men and women of Montgomery County fought in the Korean War. This marker commemorates their dedication and sacrifice. S. Perry St. South of Washington Ave.

Old Reliables, The

See 9th Infantry Division (above).

Prisoners of War

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Remount Depot/ Keyton Station

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Taylor Field

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Three Men on a Flying Trapeze

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White, Jr., Sherman W. (1919-1943)

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A Memorial. This marker honors Gen. Charles Graham Boyd and others who lived and died as prisoners during America’s wars. Sited at the former Western Railway of Alabama warehouse at Coosa & Tallapoosa streets.

An Area Full of Military War History. As the Remount Depot during World War I, this area held 5,000 animals, 300 officers and a blacksmith school for 100 men. After the war, Keyton Station was the railroad stop here. E. Fifth at Jean St. Army Flying School. Picture 16 hangers and other buildings built in 1917 over 900 acres here, where America’s fledging pilots completed their training before embarking for France. Ray Thorington Rd. Local Flyers Perform Daring Feats. Capt.

Claire Chennault and his Flying Trapeze were regionally famous for their gravity-defying loops and spins. The Trapeze practiced at Maxwell AFB; sometimes when the trio flew over Montgomery, teachers allowed students to go outside and watch. Maxwell AFB. 99th Fighter Squadron’s First Lieutenant. Sherman, Sr. and Nettie White lived at this site with their three children including Sherman, Jr. who left college to enlist as an Army Air Force aviation cadet in Tuskegee, Alabama. In the third class at Tuskegee, White graduated in May 1942 as a 2d. Lieutenant. He joined the 99th Fighter Squadron at Tuskegee, the U.S. Armed Forces’ first all-black tactical air unit and then moved to North Africa for combat. On July 2, 1943, White was one of the U.S. Armed Forces’ first two black aviators killed in action. W. Jeff Davis Ave.

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LEADERS & LAWYERS

leaders & Wise leadership is essential to the success of any city.

Remembering those who have served Montgomery and Alabama inspires us to continue to expand upon their visions.

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Black Members of the Alabama Legislature Who Served during the Reconstruction Period of 1868-1879

Honoring Those who Served. During Alabama’s Reconstruction, many black men stood up and served as leaders in the Alabama Legislature. In 2011, the state of Alabama honored those black members of the Legislature with a marker on the Alabama State Capital grounds. N. Bainbridge St.

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Cook, Elijah

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History of the Alabama State Bar

Educator, Businessman, Lawmaker. A prominent and influential black businessman who was born into slavery and as a boy trained as a carpenter. After attending night school, he became an educator, businessman and lawmaker. Cook was influential in establishing Montgomery’s first school for blacks. Perry St. between Madison Ave. & Monroe St.

First Code of Ethics. States in the rest of the nation and the American Bar Association based their codes of legal ethics on Alabama’s, which were crafted in Montgomery in 1887. 415 Dexter Ave.

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House of the Mayors

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Jones, Governor – House

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Lewis, The Hon. Rufus A.

Home Boasts Numerous City Leaders as Residents. Through several decades from the 1850’s, mayors of Montgomery and surrounding towns resided in this house. Each left his mark, both in the life of the city and quite literally in the architecture seen here. S. Perry St. between High & Grove streets.

Legal Circles of Influence. The Executive Mansion during Thomas Goode Jones’ terms as governor (1890-94), this house afterward served as Jones’ federal courtroom, and the one behind it was used by his son to found Jones Law School.

Adams Ave. & Hull St.

Man of Many Careers. Lewis began an earnest voting rights drive in the early 1940’s credited with registering 4 generations of Montgomery voters. Lewis opened a night club for African American voters in 1952 and was the football coach at Alabama State University in 1958. Elected an Alabama state legislator in 1974, Lewis resigned when appointed the first black U.S. Marshal for the Middle District of Alabama by President Jimmy Carter in 1976. Dericote St. & Bolivar St.

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Loveless, Henry Allen

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Pavilion Park

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Site of the Warren Reese House

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Shorter, Governor – House

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Smith-Joseph-Stratton House

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African-American Achiever. H. A. Loveless took up many occupations detailed here and served his community in civic organizations. His achievements tell a story of post-Civil War Montgomery. 921 W. Jeff Davis St.

Leading Lights of the City. From John Scott, who founded part of what was to become Montgomery, to the Rev. E. D. Nixon, Pavilion Park includes six tablets about noteworthy citizens, activists for a better city. The park includes commemorative bas reliefs on themes similar to those on the Capitol dome mural but updated to the present. Monroe & McDonough streets.

Young War Hero Becomes Mayor. To learn of Reese’s military and political achievements, read this marker.

To see the classic Greek Revival mansion he inherited from his uncle, visit Old Alabama Town on N. Hull St. Decatur St. at Scott St.

Political Fortunes Rise and Fall with War. When he was elected governor of Alabama in 1861, John Gill Shorter was expecting the South to win! Today, you can imagine him sitting inside, desperately plotting to hold on for reelection, here in the house where he and prominent later city leaders lived. S. Lawrence St. north of Scott St.

Residence of Influential Mayor. Built in 1855, this house, now restored to its glory, was home to the president of Montgomery’s pioneering streetcar system, Mayor E. B. Joseph. Alabama & McDonough streets.

Williams, Bertha Pleasant

First Black Librarian. In 1960 a new branch library opened on Cleveland Avenue and Williams became the head librarian and worked there for eleven years. After leaving the city library system she moved to the Alabama State University Library where she worked for fourteen more years. Rosa L. Parks Ave. at Early St.

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FAMOUS FOLKS

famous

When gifted artists touch the world, it is always fascinating to return to see the roots from which they grew and drew strength and inspiration.

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Cole, Nat “King”

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Fitzgerald Home

“Sweet Georgia Brown.” The popular jazz musician Nat King Cole, born here, was the first African-American to have a radio and then television show. His achievements are detailed here. 1333 S. Hall St.

Home of Jazz Age Icons. In 1931-1932, Montgomery native Zelda Sayre and F. Scott Fitzgerald made their home under this roof and nurtured their daughter, Scottie, as well as a novel to each of their names. Oh, the stories these walls could tell....

919 Felder Ave.

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Montgomery Theatre

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Payne, Rufus, 1884-1939

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Starke, Professor John Metcalfe –“Fesser Starke” 1860-1941.

The Hot Spot to Be. John Wilkes Booth and other famous actors played here, “Dixie” premiered here, and orators urged secession here. 24 Perry St.

Hank Williams’ Only Teacher. Rufus “Tee-Tot” Payne was born in Greenville, Alabama and grew up in New Orleans in the midst of jazz musicians. Payne returned to Greenville following his parent’s death and met a young Hank Williams, an eager music student. Payne followed Williams to Montgomery in 1937 and lived there until his death in 1939.

Tee-Tot died a pauper and lies in an unmarked grave. Harrison Rd. at Lincoln Rd.

Paragon of an Educator. Learn here the details of the career of Starke School’s founder. Dexter Ave. & Decatur St.

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Williams, Hank – Alabama Troubadour

Country Singing Legend Gets Start in Local Theater. Before he could steal the show at Nashville’s Grand Old Opry, this Alabama boy had to win a contest singing at Montgomery’s Empire Theater. From that beginning in 1923, Williams took the music of the South to the world, coming home for his “final curtain call” in 1953.

Montgomery & Molton streets.

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HISTORIC PLACES

historic Churches, schools, government buildings, homes: the architecture of our enduring monuments enables the beauty of our past to live before our eyes.

Alabama’s First Capitals

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Alabama’s Governor’s Mansion

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Alabama Highway Patrol

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Alabama State Capitol, The

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Alabama State University

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Alabama State University the Early Years

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Antioch Baptist Church Mount Meigs, Alabama

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In Search of the Right Spot. This capitol building is the fifth location for territorial and state government. The others have rich histories, too. Corner of N. Bainbridge St. & Dexter Ave.

One of Montgomery’s Finest Homes. The mansion was built in 1907 for General Robert Fulwood Ligon and then purchased by the state in 1911. Governor Gordon Persons was the first to occupy the mansion in 1951. S. Perry St. between Finley Ave. & E. Cromwell St.

A Beginning. Governor Bibb Graves commissioned the Alabama Highway Patrol at this location in 1936. Alabama State Capitol Grounds near Ave of Flags.

From Civil War to Civil Rights. Key events over more than 100 years were launched or concluded at this newly restored 19th century building, a national historic landmark. N. Bainbridge St. & Dexter Ave.

First University for African-Americans in Alabama. Founded in 1866 by nine slaves, as the Abraham Lincoln Normal School. The school would later become Alabama State University in 1969 and known as one of the nation’s historically black colleges.

World Class Institution. Alabama State University was founded in 1867, in Marion, Ala. as a school for AfricanAmericans. The school started as the Lincoln Normal School with $500 raised by nine freed slaves now known as the Marion Nine, making ASU one of the nation’s oldest institutions of higher education founded for black Americans. Hall St. near the intersection with Tatum St.

First Church established in Montgomery County. During the years prior to 1849, all sermons were delivered by Caucasian pastors and approximately 40 AfricanAmericans were baptized during that time. Gibbs Rd, Mt. Meigs.

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HISTORIC PLACES, Continued

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Augusta and the Old Augusta Cemetery

Head of Navigation on the Tallapoosa River. Augusta, Ala., was located on the Tallapoosa River.

It occupied the site of the old Indian village of Sawonagi, a Shawnee town settled in the Creek Country on the Indian trail from the Atlantic to the French post at the junction of the Tallapoosa and Coosa Rivers. Wares Ferry Rd. just east of Dozier Rd.

Best Public Resort, The See Pickett Springs (below)

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Bethel Cemetery, The

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Bethel Missionary Baptist Church

Split between Primitive and Missionary.

George Shackelford deeded land for the church in 1819. In 1827 the church became the center of a major split in Baptist denominational history. The split reflected a difference in theological thinking regarding missions. US Hwy 31 one mile North of the Pintlala Intersection.

“Love and Charity Hall.” This congregation, whose active role in social ministry under various leaders is documented here, put a cornerstone here that says it all.

2106 Mill St.

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Beulah Baptist Church

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Bibb Street Methodist Protestant Church

First Classroom of Alabama State University. Beulah has a rich history and became the first classroom of the State Normal College, which eventually became Alabama State University. Many civil, political and spiritual meetings were held in Beulah’s sanctuary, including but not limited to the Civil Rights Mass Meetings of the sixties and the Emancipation Celebration. Rosa L. Parks Ave. near National St.

First Church in Historic Montgomery neighborhood. In 1923 the Home Mission Board issued that the church be moved to Capital Heights, a new and rapidly growing neighborhood. Once moved the name changed to Capital Heights Methodist Protestant Church which would later become Capital Heights United Methodist Church in 1968.

Corner of Winona Ave. & Florida St.

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Camellia Designated Alabama State Flower

Rose of Winter. The Japanese Camellia (Camellia japonica) is one of the best known species of camellia and is a member of the tea family. It is a flowering shrub and in the wild, flowering is between January and March. The flowers appear along the branches, particularly towards the ends, and have very short stems. Monroe St.

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Capital Heights United Methodist Church

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Carnegie Library

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Catoma Street Church of Christ

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Central Bank Building

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Historic Church of Montgomery. In 1939 three branches of the Methodist church united to become the Methodist church. This church held the last meeting of the former organization, the Alabama Methodist Protestant Church in October of that year. 2000 Winona Ave. First Free Public Library. In 1900, Andrew Carnegie offered $50,000 for a building if property was acquired. Over $12,000 was raised locally to purchase a lot at the corner of Perry and Adams Streets. The new library was opened in 1904. It was used until 1959 when the library was moved to a new facility a few blocks away. The Carnegie Building is currently used by the city of Montgomery to house the Property Appraisal Office. 131 S. Perry St.

Humble Beginnings. You stand at one of the birthplaces for religion in Alabama. What will you see when you look through the “Eye of God” in the auditorium? Church & Catoma streets.

Fortunes Made and Lost in Innovative Building.

Praised for the architecture of its exterior, the Central Bank Building has seen U.S. dollars, Confederate notes and rare and precious jewels come and go. Their histories are the real treasures now in its vaults. Court Square.

Chamber of Commerce Visitor Information Center See Thompson House (below)

Day Street Baptist Church

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Decorative Lions Heads

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Fair Prospect Cemetery

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Center of Community Life. See why this handsome building, built along Gothic lines with its tower and arched hand-painted stained-glass windows, is a strong example of Booker T. Washington’s goal of seeing African-Americans educated in all careers. 861 Day St. Ornate in Commercial Style Architecture. These decorative terra cotta lions heads, were utilized by the First National Bank of Montgomery on the cornice of their 12 story building from 1907 to 1978. Once the building underwent an extensive renovation, the heads were removed. Intersection of Commerce St. & Dexter Ave. The Heritage of Alabama’s Restorer. Justus McDuffie (“Mack”) Barnes was born on February 10, 1836 in southern Montgomery County, AL and became a leader in education in Central Alabama. When he returned from Bethany in 1856, he established Strata Academy on his father’s plantation. It offered an elementary and secondary education.

The school was incorporated as Highland Home College in 1889. US Hwy 331 north of Highland Home, AL.

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Figh-Pickett House

Oldest Brick House Standing in the City.

This house wrote history. Built in 1837, it has been home to one of the builders of the state Capitol and then later to the family of Alabama’s first historian, A. J. Pickett. S. Court St. at Mildred St

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First Baptist Church

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First Baptist Church

Congregation Shares Long and Influential History. Early Montgomerians demonstrated a spirit of cooperation, sharing a common house of worship for several denominations. This impressive Italian-modeled edifice is now home to one of those groups important in the development of the nation’s largest religious denomination today, the Southern Baptist Convention. S. Perry & Scott streets.

(Brick-A-Day Church) Unusual Rebuilding Process. Once the church of Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, this building was constructed by gifts of bricks from its members. 347 N. Ripley St.

First Emancipation Observance—1866

See Montgomery’s Slave Market (below)

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First United Methodist Church Montgomery

Oldest Organized Church in Montgomery.

After being located in downtown Montgomery on Court Street for nearly 100 years, the congregation purchased land in Cloverdale Park and changed the name to First Methodist Church in 1932. W. Cloverdale Park, south of Felder Ave.

Funeral for Hank Williams See Montgomery City Hall (below)

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Georgia Washington School

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Grace Episcopal Church

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Grange Hall School

Peoples Village School. Georgia Washington was born a slave and was recruited by Dr. Booker T. Washington to teach in. 696 Georgia Washington Rd., Mt. Meigs, Ala.

“Gothic Revival” Style. A Pennsylvania architect prepared plans for this 19th-century structure but construction was delayed for 30 years due to the Civil War and the hardships it caused. 906 Pike Rd., Mt. Meigs, Ala.

Preserving the Past. The Grange Hall was built around 1875 to serve as a meeting place for the local Grange. It was also used for education purposes and became the primary function of the building after the Grange organization ceased to function in Pintlala The building served the local school and community for many years before being moved to Old Alabama Town in Montgomery in an effort to preserve it for future generations. Old Alabama Town

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History and Mystery. More than books and students form its legacy. Have you ever heard of the Red Lady? Perhaps you will meet her ghost while visiting this historic campus.

Woodley Rd. between Narrow Lane Rd. & Southview Ave.

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Hydroelectricity in the River Region See Montgomery and Electricity (below)

Jackson Community House, The/ The Montgomery City Federation of Women’s Clubs

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Johnson Jr., Frank M. – Federal Building and United States Courthouse

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Kahl Montgomery

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Knox Hall

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Community House. The two-story frame house was built by Jefferson Franklin Jackson in 1853 who served as a United States Attorney for northern and central Alabama and died during the Civil War years. The house was purchased in 1943 by the Montgomery City Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, an African American organization comprising of twenty-five adult clubs and fifteen youth clubs, for use as a meeting place and became known as the Community House. Significantly, the house was used to host meetings of the Women’s Political Council, which was the first group to officially call for a boycott of the racially segregated Montgomery bus system, leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. S. Union St. between Alabama St. & High St.

Great Judicial Minds & Architecture. In 1992, the federal building was renamed the Frank M. Johnson, Jr., Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse to honor one of the country’s most distinguished judges who presided there for nearly three decades. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Frank M. Johnson, Jr., (1918-1999) to the position of district judge for the middle district of Alabama in 1955. Johnson ruled on a series of cases that changed Alabama’s system of racial discrimination. Church St. between Court & Catoma streets

Montgomery’s “House of Light.” You can still see the ark which contained the Torah Scroll for this congregation (“kahl” means “congregation”) founded in 1846.

Church & Catoma streets.

Classic Greek Revival Architecture. Builder William Knox lost the gold of his “fort” here in loans made by his Central Bank to the Confederacy, but a treasure still remains in the grace and beauty of his textbook antebellum mansion. S. Perry & Scott streets.

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Lilly Baptist Church

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Lincoln Cemetery

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Lomax House

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Loveless School

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Marks House

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Montgomery City-County Public Library/Juliette Hampton Morgan Library

“The Lilly.” Lilly Baptist Church was established in 1900 as a missionary church of Bethel Missionary Baptist. Active in the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56, its 500 members contributed to the nationally acclaimed film, “A Long Walk Home.” 820 Hill St.

Landscaping like Olmstead’s. African-American funerary art on display commemorates community leaders.

Lincoln & Harrison roads.

Social Center of City for 60 Years. It you had to identify the hometown of the governor of Orizaba, Mexico, your first guess probably would not be Montgomery. Discover the link between this Mexican War colonel and our city at this focal point of Montgomery society. S. Court & Alabama streets.

A Place of Academic Firsts. African-American junior and senior high school students’ first school was housed in this building, now home to one of the city’s academic magnet high schools. 921 W. Jeff Davis Ave.

Standing 173 years. A movie was filmed here because of the authentic pioneer architecture, including heart of pine floors. The land around it was purchased for $1.25 an acre.

Pike Road, Ala.

First Official Library. This marker traces the history of libraries in Montgomery, going back to the first one in 1843.

The real beginning of free public library service was when a Carnegie Library was built and opened in 1904. The library opened in honor of Juliette Hampton Morgan, a white civil rights activist who wrote letters to the Montgomery Advertiser in support of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Intersection of S. Lawrence St. & High St.

Montgomery City Federation of Women’s Clubs, The See Jackson Community House, The (above)

152

Montgomery City Hall/Funeral for Hank Williams If These Walls Could Talk. In 1937 a new city hall was completed and re-opened to the public. Not only did the building house city official offices, it was also the site for the Hank Williams funeral. Intersection of N. Perry St. & Monroe St.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

31

Montgomery and Electricity/ Hydroelectricity in the River Region

153

Montgomery’s Slave Markets/ First Emancipation Observations

154

A City of Innovation. The city of Montgomery spearheaded modern technology in the late 1800’s to create lighting and motive power. Later hydroelectricity was produced using dams throughout the River Region and played a significant role in the growth of the city and region. E. Jefferson St. between N. Lawrence St. & N. McDonough St.

Slave Trades to Emancipation. The city’s slave market was at the base of Market Street (Court Square) which is now Dexter Avenue/Commerce Street. Here, slaves of all ages were inspected and auctioned, along with land and livestock. And, Montgomery’s first observance of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation was New Year’s Day at Wilson’s Grove on Mildred Street. A parade formed at Gilmer’s Warehouse at this location on Commerce Street. Intersection of Montgomery St. & Commerce St.

Moore, Marshall J. – House

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity House. The Moore’s were among the first graduates and early faculty members of Lincoln Normal School in Marion, Alabama which relocated to Montgomery in 1887 and is now Alabama State University.

Men’s fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha purchased the home in 2001 and restored it to its original Victorian character. The home was added to the Alabama Register of Landmark’s and Heritage in 1999. S. Jackson St. & Tuscaloosa St.

155

Morgan, Juliette Hampton

See Montgomery City-County Public Library (above)

Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal AME Zion Church

156

Oak Park Montgomery’s First Public Park

157

Religious, Political and Social Icon. Mount Zion A.M.E. Zion Church was constructed in 1899 and heavily remodeled in 1921. It served as a significant Center for religious, political, and social life for blacks in Montgomery throughout most of the twentieth-century. It housed the organization of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), is featured in the film “A Long Walk Home” and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Holt St.

Recreation to Healthcare. Oak Park is the oldest city park in Montgomery, Alabama, dating back to its original purchase in 1886. The park is currently home to a planetarium, picnic facilities, and horseshoe pits. The park is located across from Jackson Hospital. 1010 Forest Ave.

32

In This Pl ace

HISTORIC PLACES, Continued

158

Oaks Plantation, The

Luxurious Aviation. This 1830’s home sat on a 1,780 acre plantation lined with oak trees up the long drive. The site became an auxiliary landing strip called Mt. Meigs Field during WWII and was used for training by American, French and British aviation cadets. It was also used by the infamous “Tuskegee Airmen.” 711 Ave. of the Oaks, Pike Rd.

159

Old Ship A.M.E. Zion Church

160

Overlook Park

161

Pickett Springs/The Best Public Resorts

“It’s the Old Ship of Zion Moving On.” Learn the story of this saying at this structure, which was moved here as a result of the segregation that followed the Civil War. Governors, scientists, a president and a dreamer have stirred souls here—and still Zion moves on. Mildred Ave. & Holcombe St.

A View Above the Rest. On a prominent bluff located in downtown Montgomery, Overlook Park was envisioned by former Mayor Emory Folmar and his city council.

This area features beautiful views of the Alabama River and the surrounding area. Maxwell Blvd. near Whitman St.

Entertainment and Relaxation. In the 1880s, Western Railroad of Alabama opened Pickett Springs on site of William Harris’s plantation, Pickett Springs became infantry grounds during WWI and then a large cotton mill opened here in the 1920’s. In September, 1886, Montgomery Advertiser noted Pickett Springs as the “best public resort” offering entertainment and relaxation for citizens who traveled out by train until 1902 when street railway service started. Lower Wetumpka Rd.

162

Pike Road School

163

Pintlala Grange Hall

164

Opening Day. On the first day for the new school, buses rolled in the school yard bringing students from a 100-squaremile area, but students were immediately dismissed after H. W. Dowling, the school principal, announced the Armistice ending World War I. Pike Road, Ala.

Meeting Rooms to Class Space. The building served its primary purpose as a meeting place for the National Grange of the Patrons Husbandry, but after that it was used for community purposes, from meetings to classroom space. The building is now located in Old Alabama Town in Montgomery, Alabama. Columbus St. at Old Alabama Town

Pintlala School

Class of 1923 Graduates. Fourteen young men and women were the first graduates of the newly consolidated Pintlala School boasting nine grades but no hot lunches. Heat was furnished by wood the boys gathered when being punished for misdeeds. West of intersection of U.S. 31 & County Rd. 14.

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

33

Pisgah Primitive Baptist Church

165

Rice-Semple-Haardt House

166

Sidney Lanier High School

167

St. James Holt Crossing Baptist Church – Historic Site

168

St. John’s Episcopal Church

169

St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church

170

Starke University School 1888-1968

171

The Little White Church in the Dale. The church, built with native yellow pine and cypress shingles, is nestled in an oak grove. Services were held one Saturday and Sunday each month. Distant church members arrived in buggies, on horseback and on foot. At county roads 39 & 158.

Antebellum Mansion. Built in the 1850’s this substantial house decorated with much Victorian “gingerbread” molding has also served as a museum to a beloved lady governor. Court St. south of High St.

Sidney Lanier Wins 21-0. On Saturday, November 3, 1928, an estimated 7,000 fans crowd into Cramton Bowl on a chilly, misty day to see the last game between the Sidney Lanier Poets and the Cloverdale Crimsons, then rivals. This game will decide the name of the new consolidated school.

Court St. near Fairview Ave.

Oldest African American Baptist Church.

On this site, the St. James Baptist Church #2, also known as St. James Holt Crossing Baptist Church, stood as the oldest Baptist church founded by African Americans in the City of Montgomery. Organized in 1875, the Church occupied two buildings on this property - one was relocated to make way for the railroad in 1908, and the second was relocated in 2004 as part of improvements to adjoining properties. Zelda Rd. at Carter Hill Rd.

Organized in 1834. Historic for the leading Confederate government figures who prayed here and the denominational events that followed. Madison Ave. & Perry St.

Early Inhabitants Prioritize Church-Building. Whether within a wooden structure or the impressive brick facility seen here, services at Montgomery houses of worship have remained perhaps the most constant activity of any throughout the changes the city has seen, from this church’s beginning in 1833 to today. S. Lawrence & Adams streets.

“Omnia vincit labor—Work wins” And Work They Did. Diligent students became state leaders from the late 19th century on. Dexter Ave. & Decatur St.

34

In This Pl ace

HISTORIC PLACES, Continued

172

Swayne College/Booker T. Washington School

Black education paved in Montgomery.

Named for Union General and Freemen’s Bureau Agent Wager Swayne, Swayne College was dedicated on April 21, 1869.

With tuition free to local students, it offered coursework in the alphabet, reading and spelling, advanced reading, arithmetic, geography, and writing. Closing in 1937, Swayne College paved the way for black education in Montgomery and was succeeded

by Booker T. Washington School, named for one of the nation’s premier educators, Booker T. Washington.

532 S. Union St.

173

Tankersley Rosenwald School

174

Tatum Street

175

Teague Road

176

Thompson House/Chamber of Commerce Visitor Information Center

Education Equals Opportunity. Between 1912-32 a team of visionaries set out to create opportunities for African Americans in mostly rural areas of the South by establishing Rosenwald Schools throughout the country. School Spur Rd., Hope Hull

Faculty Row. For three years, American Missionary Association (AMA) teachers would call Tatum Street home after state funding was restored to them.

Tatum St.

Road to Automotive Success. What probably started as a small country road is now a multi-lane highway thanks to the building of the Hyundai Plant in Montgomery County. This marker tells the history of the road. Hyundai Blvd., Hope Hull

Prosperity, Change and Optimism. The 1850’s Greek Revival-style Thompson Mansion was relocated from Tuskegee to Montgomery and re-erected in 1987 by the Landmarks Foundation. This home was said to reflect prosperity, change and optimism in the post-Civil War era. The now empty Thompson Mansion was used as a Visitors Center in the 1990’s by the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce.

401 Madison Ave.

177

Tullibody

One of Alabama’s First Schools. William Burns Paterson built a one-room schoolhouse he called Tullibody in Greensboro and in 1887 the campus was moved to Montgomery. Corner of S. Jackson & Tuscaloosa street.

Washington, Booker T. – School See Swayne College (above)

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

35

INDEX OF MARKER TITLES

INDEX OF

9th Infantry Division............................................................................................... 19 37th Division........................................................................................................... 19 167th Infantry (4th Alabama)................................................................................. 19 A County Older Than the State – Montgomery County......................................... 5 A Nation Divided...................................................................................................... 9 Above and Beyond................................................................................................. 19 Air Force ROTC....................................................................................................... 19 Air University.......................................................................................................... 19 Alabama Confederate Monument........................................................................... 9 Alabama’s First Capitals........................................................................................ 25 Alabama Governor’s Mansion............................................................................... 25 Alabama Highway Patrol....................................................................................... 25 Alabama’s Own...................................................................................................... 19 Alabama River: The Grand Avenue........................................................................ 12 Alabama State Capitol, The .................................................................................. 25 Alabama State University...................................................................................... 25 Alabama State University the Early Years............................................................ 25 Antioch Babtist Church Mt. Meigs........................................................................ 25 Augusta and the Old Augusta Cemetery............................................................... 26 Best Public Resort, The.......................................................................................... 26 Bethel Cemetery, The............................................................................................. 26 Bethel Missionary Baptist Church......................................................................... 26 Beulah Baptist Church............................................................................................ 26 Bibb Street Methodist Protestant Church............................................................. 26 Black Members of the Alabama Legislature Who Served During The Reconstruction Period of 1868-187916..................................... 22 Browder, Aurelia Eliscera Shines, Civil Rights Pioneer........................................ 16 Bus Stop, The.......................................................................................................... 16 Camellia Designated Alabama State Flower........................................................ 26 Camp Sheridan....................................................................................................... 19 Capitol City Guards................................................................................................ 20 Capital Heights United Methodist Church............................................................ 27 Carnegie Library..................................................................................................... 27 Catoma Street Church of Christ............................................................................. 27 Centennial Hill........................................................................................................ 12 Central Bank Building............................................................................................. 27 Chamber of Commerce Visitor Information Center.............................................. 27 Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L. .............................................................................. 20 City of Montgomery................................................................................................. 5 City of Montgomery v. Rosa Parks........................................................................ 16

36

In This Pl ace

City of St. Jude....................................................................................................... 14 Civil Rights Freedom Riders................................................................................... 16 Civil War Barnes School.......................................................................................... 9 Civil War Medicine................................................................................................... 9 Civil War Military Prisons........................................................................................ 9 Cole, Nat “King” .................................................................................................... 24 Confederate Hospital............................................................................................... 9 Confederate Military Prison.................................................................................... 9 Cook, Elijah ............................................................................................................ 22 Court Square............................................................................................................. 5 Court Square Fountain............................................................................................. 5 Cradle of the Confederacy..................................................................................... 10 CSA Post Office Department................................................................................. 10 Davis, Maj. Charles W., Infantry United States Army.......................................... 20 Day Street Baptist Church..................................................................................... 27 Decorative Lions Heads......................................................................................... 27 Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church..................................................... 16 Early Alabama Entrepreneur.................................................................................. 14 Encanchata............................................................................................................... 5 Europeans Along the Alabama River....................................................................... 6 Fair Prospect Cemetery.......................................................................................... 27 Farley, Jonathan Coggswell..................................................................................... 6 Federal Road, The..................................................................................................... 6 Figh-Pickett House................................................................................................. 28 First Baptist Church................................................................................................ 28 First Emancipation Observance............................................................................. 28 First United Methodist Church Montgomery........................................................ 28 First White House of the Confederacy.................................................................. 10 Fitzgerald Home...................................................................................................... 24 Forefront of Montgomery’s Future, The................................................................ 12 Forest Avenue’s Medical Facilities........................................................................ 14 Fry, Brig. Gen. Birkett Davenport, CSA.................................................................. 10 Fry, Col. B.D. at Battle of Gettysburg.................................................................... 10 Funeral for Hank Williams...................................................................................... 28 Georgia Washington School.................................................................................. 28 Gilmore, Georgia..................................................................................................... 16 Golden Star Memorial............................................................................................ 20 Grace Episcopal Church......................................................................................... 28 Grange Hall School................................................................................................. 28 Greyhound Bus Station.......................................................................................... 16 Gunter Annex.......................................................................................................... 20 Gunter Basic Flying Training School...................................................................... 20 Harris House........................................................................................................... 17 High Red Bluff......................................................................................................... 12

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

37

History of the Alabama State Bar......................................................................... 22 Holt Street Baptist Church..................................................................................... 17 Home of Dr. E.D. Nixon, Sr..................................................................................... 17 House of the Mayors.............................................................................................. 22 Huntingdon College, A Liberal Arts College......................................................... 29 Hydroelectricity in the River Region...................................................................... 29 Jackson-Community House, The........................................................................... 29 Johnson, Jr., The Frank M. – Federal Building and United States Courthouse.................................................................................................... 29 Jones, Governor - House........................................................................................ 22 Julian, Percy Lavon, Scientist and Humanitarian................................................. 14 Kahl Montgomery................................................................................................... 29 Keyton Station........................................................................................................ 20 King, Dr. Martin Luther.......................................................................................... 17 Knox Hall................................................................................................................. 29 Lafayette Ball House................................................................................................ 6 Lewis, The Hon. Rufus A. ...................................................................................... 22 Lightning Route, The.............................................................................................. 14 Lilly Baptist Church................................................................................................. 30 Lincoln Cemetery.................................................................................................... 30 Lomax House.......................................................................................................... 30 Loveless, Henry Allen ............................................................................................ 23 Loveless School...................................................................................................... 30 Lower Commerce Street........................................................................................ 12 Lucas Tavern............................................................................................................. 6 Manac’s Tavern........................................................................................................ 6 Marks House........................................................................................................... 30 Maxwell, Lt. William C. ......................................................................................... 20 Maxwell Air Force Base......................................................................................... 20 Maxwell Air Force Base/Air University................................................................ 21 McGehee, Abner.................................................................................................... 14 Minister’s Home Dexter Avenue............................................................................ 17 Montgomery............................................................................................................. 7 Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce........................................................... 12 Montgomery, Brig. Gen. Richard ............................................................................ 7 Montgomery City-County Public Library............................................................... 30 Montgomery City Federation of Women’s Clubs, The.......................................... 30 Montgomery City Hall............................................................................................ 30 Montgomery’s Confederate Hospitals.................................................................. 10 Montgomery County................................................................................................ 7 Montgomery County Korean War Veterans.......................................................... 21 Montgomery and Electricity.................................................................................. 31 Montgomery’s First Election.................................................................................... 7 Montgomery Freemasonry....................................................................................... 7 Montgomery’s Slave Markets............................................................................... 31

38

In This Pl ace

Montgomery Theatre............................................................................................. 24 Moore, Marshall J. - House................................................................................... 31 Mordecai, Abram ..................................................................................................... 7 Mordecai’s Cotton Gin............................................................................................. 7 Morgan, Juliette Hampton .................................................................................... 31 Morris, Josiah ........................................................................................................ 13 Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal AME Zion Church............................... 31 Murphy House........................................................................................................ 13 Naming the City of Montgomery............................................................................. 8 Native Americans..................................................................................................... 8 Oak Park Montgomery’s First Public Park............................................................. 31 Oaks Plantation, The.............................................................................................. 32 Oates, Col. W.C., CSA at Gettysburg.................................................................... 10 Oates, Governor William Calvin ............................................................................ 10 Office of Dr. Luther Leonidas Hill........................................................................... 15 Offices of the Confederate Government............................................................... 10 Office Site of Dr. J. Marion Sims........................................................................... 15 Old Oakwood Cemetery........................................................................................... 8 Old Reliables, The................................................................................................... 21 Old Ship A.M.E. Zion Church.................................................................................. 32 Overlook Park.......................................................................................................... 32 Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley ............................................................................... 17 Parks, Rosa - Montgomery Bus Boycott................................................................ 18 Pavilion Park........................................................................................................... 23 Payne, Rufus 1884-1939........................................................................................ 24 Pickett Springs........................................................................................................ 32 Pike Road School.................................................................................................... 32 Pintlala Grange Hall................................................................................................ 32 Pintlala School........................................................................................................ 32 Posey, The E.L. - Parking Lot.................................................................................. 18 Prisoners of War..................................................................................................... 21 Psigah Priminitive Baptist Church.......................................................................... 33 Remount Depot....................................................................................................... 21 Rice-Semple-Haardt House................................................................................... 33 Selma to Montgomery March................................................................................ 18 Site of The Warren Reese House.......................................................................... 23 Shorter, Governor House........................................................................................ 23 Sidney Lanier High School..................................................................................... 33 Smith-Joseph-Stratton House.............................................................................. 23 Soldier’s Home, The............................................................................................... 11 South Jackson Street............................................................................................. 18 St. James Holt Crossing Baptist Church - Historic Site........................................ 33 St. John’s Episcopal Church................................................................................... 33 St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church ....................................................................... 33

Hi s t o r i c a l m a r k e r s o f M o n t g o m e r y

39

Starke, Professor John Metcalfe........................................................................... 24 Starke University School........................................................................................ 33 Struggle for Colonial Empire.................................................................................... 8 Swayne College...................................................................................................... 34 Tankersley Rosenwald School............................................................................... 34 Tatum Street........................................................................................................... 34 Taylor Field.............................................................................................................. 21 Teague House......................................................................................................... 11 Teague Road........................................................................................................... 34 Telegram Which Began War Between the States................................................ 11 Thompson House.................................................................................................... 34 Three Men on a Flying Trapeze.............................................................................. 21 Tocqueville, Alexis de .............................................................................................. 8 Train Shed............................................................................................................... 13 Transportation and Commerce.............................................................................. 13 Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church...................................................................... 18 Tulane, Victor Hugo................................................................................................ 13 Tullibody.................................................................................................................. 34 Union Station.......................................................................................................... 13 Union Station and Riverfront Park......................................................................... 13 United States Flag Raised Over Alabama Capitol................................................ 11 Washington, Booker T. - School............................................................................. 34 White, Jr., Sherman W. ......................................................................................... 21 Whitehurst, Bernard.............................................................................................. 18 Williams, Bertha Pleasant..................................................................................... 23 Williams, Hank - Alabama Troubador.................................................................... 24 Wilson, Maj. Gen. James Harrison, USV ............................................................. 11 Wilson’s Raiders..................................................................................................... 11 Winter Building....................................................................................................... 11 Yancey, William Lowndes...................................................................................... 11

40

In This Pl ace

APPENDIX A Selected List of Groups and Associations Placing Markers: Air Force Sergeants’ Association Alabama Bar Association Alabama Historical Association Alabama Historical Commission Cahaba Trace Commission Children of the American Revolution Children of the Confederacy City of Montgomery Daughters of the American Revolution East Montgomery County Historical Society Federal Memorial Association of Montgomery Historical Development Commission Montgomery Alumnae Chapter of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Historical Preservation & Promotion Foundation Montgomery Area Stamp Club Montgomery City Council Pike Road Historical Association

APPENDIX B Sources www.archives.alabama.gov/aha/markers/montgomery.html www.hmdb.org/marker www.hmsoa.org/al/montgomery www.lat34north.com/HistoricMarkersAL/CountyDetail. cfm?CountyNameKey=Montgomery www.preserveala.org/ www.waymarking.com

85

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48

30

159

Mildred St.

Key St.

Hutchinson St.

University Dr.

Marguerite

Highland Ct.

Cromwell

Carrie

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Cotton & Commerce

l

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b

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One of America’s most historically marked cities.

St. John

34

Bellinger

Inventors & Innovations 115

Civil Rights Airmen, Soldiers & Sailers

Clinton St.

108

Cramer

Pioneers & Patriots

69

A

Tuscaloosa St.

Julia

The Blues & The Grays

Montgomery

65

Arba St. E. Jeff. Davis

LEGEND

76

Emerson St.

61

155

123

75

174

85

W. Jefferson Davis

Columbia St. Mill St.

172

50

Dericote St.

Court St.

Rosa Parks Ave.

Holt St.

56

Grove St.

South St.

96

103

102

42

Grove St.

156

Bullock St.

68

25

70 67

High St.

22 100

Sayre St.

Holcombe St.

N

134

151

Hall St.

Brassell

142

105

145 166 35

Hilliard

106

In This Place

Cramton Bowl

136

Jackson St.

135

Bainbridge St.

101

Alabama St. 107 Scott St.

148

66

126

24

29 114 117 64 171 23 97 37 116 86 Washington Ave. 112

Decatur St.

83 59 60 29A 91 1 128 13 170

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McDonough St.

.

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Fairview

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118 119 177 137

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Taylor Rd.

146 149

124

US 80

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Highland Ave.

157

I-85

127

Perry Hill

ell 81 84 Maxw Day St.131 88

74

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Blvd.

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www.montgomerychamber.com/foundation Additional Tourism Information www.visitingmontgomery.com

a

One of America’s most historically marked cities.

Maps of Marker Locations Above: Downtown Montgomery Below Left: City of Montgomery Below Right: Montgomery County

Linden

Leaders & Lawyers

Montgomery

85

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48

30

159

Mildred St.

Key St.

Hutchinson St.

University Dr.

Marguerite

Highland Ct.

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Carrie

Noble

Cotton & Commerce

l

a

b

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St. John

34

Bellinger

Inventors & Innovations 115

Civil Rights Airmen, Soldiers & Sailers

Clinton St.

108

Cramer

Pioneers & Patriots

69

A

Tuscaloosa St.

Julia

The Blues & The Grays

Montgomery

65

Arba St. E. Jeff. Davis

LEGEND

76

Emerson St.

61

155

123

75

174

85

W. Jefferson Davis

Columbia St. Mill St.

172

50

Dericote St.

Court St.

Rosa Parks Ave.

Holt St.

56

Grove St.

South St.

96

103

102

42

Grove St.

156

Bullock St.

68

25

70 67

High St.

22 100

Sayre St.

Holcombe St.

N

134

151

Hall St.

Brassell

142

105

145 166 35

Hilliard

106

In This Place

Cramton Bowl

136

Jackson St.

135

Bainbridge St.

101

Alabama St. 107 Scott St.

148

66

126

24

29 114 117 64 171 23 97 37 116 86 Washington Ave. 112

Decatur St.

83 59 60 29A 91 1 128 13 170

Hull St.

McDonough St.

.

.

St

Perry St.

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141

168

Cty. 40 Pike Road

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118 119 177 137

Carter Hill

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Cty. 39

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109

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Rosa Parks Ave.

st We

167

55

175 US 331

120 150 138 Cty. 85 139 158

US 31

107A

Hope Hull 54 58

Taylor Rd.

146 149

124

US 80

Atlanta Hwy.

Highland Ave.

157

I-85

127

Perry Hill

ell 81 84 Maxw Day St.131 88

74

Wares Ferry Rd.

Madison Ave.

Blvd.

53

121

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125

39

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vd.

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2

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95 80

1

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Pisgah

www.montgomerychamber.com/foundation Additional Tourism Information www.visitingmontgomery.com

a

One of America’s most historically marked cities.

Maps of Marker Locations Above: Downtown Montgomery Below Left: City of Montgomery Below Right: Montgomery County

Linden

Leaders & Lawyers

Montgomery