Mohammad Soleimani-Portfolio by Mohammad Soleimani

MOHAMMAD P O R T

SOLEIMANI L I O

CONTACT Linkedin [Link] m.soleimani.cv@gmail.com +31 687043684 Naritaweg 143-p / 1043BS

EDUCATION 2013 2016

Master of Architecture Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan branch), Isfahan, Iran.

2007 2013

Bachelor of Architecture Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES

2015 2023 2015 2023 2013 2015

2013 2015

2014 2023

2010

Creative vision | Isfahan. Co-Founder •Architectural Visualization Institution Object Studio | Isfahan. •Architectural Design Group Creative Vision Group | Isfahan. Instructor •Thought Post Production •Thought 3D modelling with Rhino •Thought Rendering with Maxwell RenWder USE Studio [Link] | Isfahan. Assistant project •Designed different projects according to the need of the company •Made digital 3D models •Rendering and post production Da studio | Isfahan. Cooperation project •Designed different projects according to the need of the company Delta Architectural Group •Designed different projects according to the need of the company Bracket Design Studio [Link] | Isfahan. Architectural intern •Designed different projects according to the need of the company •Made digital 3D models

III

AWARDS 2020

Wharf design in Masheh beach | Kish Island. third Prize

2014

Commercial Building of Isfahan’s Dreamland | Isfahan. Second Prize

PUBLICATION 2020

International VELUX Award 2013 project (AWR competition), 2013, at ( http://iva.velux.com )

2016

Future Architecture Platform, Sagres landmark, December 2016, at ( http://futurearchitectureplatform. org/ )

2014

eVolo Skyscrapers Magazine, (Visionary Architecture and Urban Design), Sep 2016, ISBN: 978 -1938740220

TECHNIKAL SKILLS Rhinoceros Autocad sketchup Grasshopper V-ray Corona render Maxwell render Lumion Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Adobe Indesign Microsoft Office

LANGUAGES Farsi (Mother Tongue) English (Fluent) Dutch (Beginner)

THE MATRIX Archstorming Competition,Senegal, 2021 Collabrator: Behnaz Shamsaei

“ BRIEF ” Let’s Build Our School (LBOS) began its operations in Senegal, where two of its founders hail from. This charity is dedicated to addressing regions where only 50% of school-age children have access to education, and classrooms are frequently overcrowded, accommodating up to 80 students due to limited infrastructure. The government designates some schools as temporary structures, constructed with bamboo walls and zinc roofs, which are unable to withstand the rainy seasons, resulting in canceled classes and academic setbacks. LBOS aims to replace these structures with locally sourced and recycled materials, such as tires and sandbags, in order to provide a more conducive study environment. LBOS also serves as a research laboratory for developing innovative and cost-effective construction techniques.

THE MATRIX

The project program will be as follows: - Classrooms: the school needs 7 classrooms. The size of each classroom must be 63 m2, since this is a general requirement of the Government of Senegal. The number of classrooms is fixed and can’t be modified in your proposals. - Library: the students are currently using one of the rooms of the block building as a library, but the space is too small and need a larger one. The size of the new library is up to you. - Offices: two small offices are needed, one for the director and another that will be used by the teachers during class breaks or meetings. - Latrines: the current latrine module can be demolished and relocated where desired. The school needs 3 cubicles: 1 for boys, 1 for girls, and 1 for adults. - Canteen: if there’s enough space in your design, it would be great to include a small kitchen + dining room. Since the area of the plot is very limited, this space is not compulsory, it is up to you to include it in your proposals or not. - Orchard + Corral: considering that parents do not have enough money to pay the canteen for their children, a great option would be to include an orchard so the school can be self sufficient and grow its own vegetables, as well as raise chickens. As said, the size of each space can vary depending on your proposal. The plot has an approx mate area of 920 m2 and your design will have to consider that restriction. Having exterior spaces where the kids can play and run is also important and necessary.

“ The Matrix ”

THE MATRIX

The project aims to create a prototype for a primary construction unit and technique for rural development in Senegal. This low-cost prototype can be modified based on climate, resource availability, and construction feasibility.

This modular school LV JRLQJ WR UHSUHVHQW D VLJQLÀFDQW VWHS IRUZDUG LQ WHUPV RI LQWURGXFLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH PDWHULDOV DQG HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ IULHQGO\ FRQVWUXFWLRQV 7KLV V\VWHP RIIHUV PDWHULDO DQG ÀQDQFLDO VDYLQJV ZDVWH UHGXFWLRQ DQG ORFDO HPSOR\PHQW ZLWK WUDQVIHUDEOH RXWSXWV DQG VNLOOV IRU IXWXUH SURMHFWV

80 M | METAL SHEET Despite durability of CEB Technique , however, the walls must still be protected from damaging rains with a large overhanging tin roof.The metal sheet is a available material in the area to protect the brick structure from heavy rain.

816 Stick|325 M | BAMBO The net of bamboo is used to make structural support for the metal sheet.Since metal roofs which absorb the heat from the sun, making the interior living space intolerably hot, make a gap between two layers of roof skin to circulate wind through in order to alleviate the high-temperature metal sheet.

1440 CEB TYPE (A) The CEB have the added advantage of provide thermal protection against the hot climate.

824 CEB TYPE (B)

840

120

CEB ceiling allows for maximum ventilation, pulling cool air in from the interior windows and releasing hot air out through the arch of ceiling.

The modular school represents a significant The distance between modules is in a Sinceadvancemetal roofs which absorb the heat way to get maximum south light. IURP WKH VXQ PDNLQJ WKH LQWHULRU OLYLQJ ment in sustainable and eco-friendly construction, VSDFH LQWROHUDEO\ KRW PDNH D JDS EHWZHHQ reduction, WZR OD\HUV RI URRI VNLQ WR offering material and financial savings, waste circulate wind through in order to the high-temperature metal and local job opportunities. It also impartsalleviate transferable sheet. 45 skills and outputs for future projects.

The soil is recognized as an effective ÀOWHU VRLO FRQWDLQV SRUHV RI GLIIHUHQW VL]HV WKDW FDQ SK\VLFDOO\ ÀOWHU SDUWLFOHV out of water. The water of rain is collected from the roof and ground to the well to use for orchard and cleaning.

The soil’s pores act as an effective filter for water, enabling the collection of rainwater from the roof and the ground for orchard irrigation and cleaning purposes.

768 CEB TYPE (C) The CEB have the added advantage of provide thermal protection against the hot climate.

87 BAMBO 3008 Unit | CEB TYPE (A)

The spacing between modules is designed to maximize southern sunlight.

The doors of units are easily made by the wooden frame and weaving leaves bamboo.

Column 30*30 840

120

6.48 M | METAL Sheet

To mitigate the excessive heat absorption of metal roofs The role of this bending metal sheet is to collect and the resulting intolerable interior living conditions, the water from the roof create a gap between two layers of roof covering to and leading it underground collecting allowThe for soil air is circulation reduce the temperature recognizedand as an effective The of distance between modules is in a water systems with pipes to the Well. the metal sheets. ÀOWHU VRLO FRQWDLQV SRUHV RI GLIIHUHQW way to get maximum south light.

THE MATRIX

VL]HV WKDW FDQ SK\VLFDOO\ ÀOWHU SDUWLFOHV out of water. The water of rain is collected from the roof and ground to the well to use for orchard and cleaning.

Since metal roofs which absorb the heat IURP WKH VXQ PDNLQJ WKH LQWHULRU OLYLQJ VSDFH LQWROHUDEO\ KRW PDNH D JDS EHWZHHQ WZR OD\HUV RI URRI VNLQ WR circulate wind through in order to alleviate the high-temperature metal sheet.

VII

“SCHOOL YARD”

THE MATRIX

In the beginning, we define a locally-made compressed earth block (CEB) module, which is a flexible and repeatable module that creates defined spaces with various scales and functions, requiring minimal constructional support while saving time, money, and resources. CEB also possesses high thermal capacity, reducing energy waste. The significant advantage of the CEB technique is that even non-professionals can produce it using a simple machine and formula. Development with CEB can be easily scaled up, functioning like a modular puzzle.

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INTO THE HORIZON Rwanda Chapel Young Architects Competition 2019 Collabrator: Behnaz Shamsaei

“ BRIEF ”

Human beings cherish questions that are greater than their minds can fathom. They hold wishes that are dearer than their hearts. Some of the greatest masterpieces of ancient architecture were not constructed solely to meet immediate needs. Temples, pyramids, and cathedrals were built as expressions of faith within a community. They symbolize a persistent longing for transcendence and represent an innate, insatiable yearning for the divine. Wherever there is a community, there exists a sacred space. Rukomo is a remote village located in the uplands of Rwanda, nestled in the heart of an inaccessible continent. Here resides a community that has weathered moments of deep and profound sorrow. The scars of this history serve as reminders of the indifference and apathy that plague the so-called “First World.” Despite having little, the people here smile frequently. They live far removed from the frenetic pace of life in many other parts of the world. These people seek spaces for their inner spirituality and experience a profound return to their spiritual roots. The Rwanda Chapel is dedicated to the community of Rukomo by YAC’s competition. Its purpose is to provide a church for the believers and the local religious community. This chapel will serve as a place of peace and reconciliation where people can celebrate or meditate, transcending disagreements and differences. It will be a place where unity is found in the shared aspiration for eternity.

INTO THE HORIZON

Throughout generations, one of the most intriguing themes for architects has been sacred spaces. With the Rwanda Chapel competition, designing such a space presents an additional opportunity. Through contemporary architecture, architects have the chance to support one of the most impoverished regions on the planet. Rwanda Chapel represents the result of international collaboration, aiming to donate a genuine monument to Rukomo. It will symbolize global solidarity and cooperation and stand as an architectural masterpiece dedicated to one of history’s most enduring and elusive mysteries: the divine.

“ IN / OUT ”

INTO THE HORIZON

Implementing architectural materials such as bamboo and clay emphasizes sustainable architecture. Since the chapel’s architecture is self-help and modular, there is always the possibility of expansion over time, which can be utilized for additional services that the church can provide. The chapel’s character is expressed through its structure. We propose to dissolve the boundary between the chapel and the pristine surrounding nature to amplify its presence. To achieve this, we allow the outside greenery to extend into the interior areas of the church.

In early Christianity, the term “church” referred to the act of assembling together rather than to the building itself. Traditionally, the interior parts of a church were used for congregation and community services, while the exterior parts served as landmarks. In the “Into the Horizon” project, our goal is to create a landmark that preserves the concept of assembly while reexamining the idea of separating the interior from the exterior.

Church = Community Church = Community

Blending OutsideBlending and Inside Outside and Inside

Church = Community Church = Nature = Community = Nature

Neither Christianity’s spiritual places nor their beliefs can be equated to natural or historical phenomena. Instead, these concepts convey abstraction, through which one can define the meaning of life. We have endeavored to preserve the spirituality of the church by interconnecting the ground, nature, and the sky. This project could be described as a place of divinity harmoniously integrated with nature, while also serving as a landmark for the area.

Outside - Inside

INTO THE HORIZON

“Into the Horizon” represents a dialogue between the “inside and outside” functions of a church and serves as a gateway to nature in Rukomo. This blending, in which the inside is considered a part of the outside, conveys the idea that ‘all have the same value.’

Outside + Inside

Outside +

An analysis of traditional church architectures suggests that the organization of church buildings is primarily horizontal. While these churches may feature high ceilings, apart from their symbolic and spiritual significance, this verticality serves no practical purpose. We aimed to adopt a similar expansion concept by allowing the structure to grow horizontally while preserving the vertical dimension for matters of spirituality.

Considering the economic pressures in Rukomo, selfhelp building can be justified as a good practice. We have strived to incorporate this fact into the architectural design so that the church can be constructed and maintained by local residents without relying on outside assistance. Additionally, by employing local materials and construction techniques, this project makes self-help architecture possible.

Bambo Structure

Rammed Earth

Church`s Bell Altar Rammed Earth Stair

INTO THE HORIZON

Parvis

XII

EART HABITAT Master Thesis 2018

“ BRIEF ” Design Housing for citizens of Slum in Mahmud Abad region by Approach of Self Help System

EART HABITAT

In the design of this project, two questions were posed. Firstly, how can we replace slum housing with affordable, accessible, and well-structured homes? Secondly, how can we regard soil as an affordable and safe material for construction?

XIII

“ FOCAL POINTS ”

EART HABITAT

The courtyards serve as the primary source of light, eliminating the need for external windows. This strategy aims to create diversity in the neighborhood arrangement. On the other hand, all yards are designed to be fully utilized as semi-private spaces.

XIV

Triple division on four sides of the main axis of the yard and four corners .

For centuries before the time of Christ, earth has remained a favored construction material. Today, approximately one-third of the global population resides in structures made from this material. In this context, the term “substances made from soil” refers to materials such as clay, silt, and gravel. Furthermore, adobe buildings, created using various technical methods, can be categorized into general groups.

The process of creating a corridor pattern .

The process of making dual divisions .

The process of converting a triple division into five involves the aggregation of the two axes and the triple division. This refers to the formation process of the Shekam-Darideh and Chalipa patterns.

EART HABITAT

Instructions for placing four patterns on the main axes .

Triple division on four sides of the main axis of the yard and four corners .

0.3

1.20

0.3

2.70

0.3

1.20

The method of achieving the small Module from the big Module .

Replacing the patterns for achieving appropriate answer today’s needs .

EART HABITAT

An example of a coexistence, along with all the patterns .

XVI

Detail 004

Detail 003

Detail 002

The design of the arches was based on ancient Iranian arches that were used in old buildings. However, all the arches were analyzed for better performance in order to identify critical points. Additionally, in special situations for transferring loads, some additional factors are considered.

To enhance the transmission of lateral forces to the columns, use tension elements on the lateral side of arches. Additionally, incorporating concrete frames (Tavizeh) for closet closure in the structure helps prevent the collapse of walls and columns.

Creating different spaces is based on the triple pattern, which was used in the past. One of the advantages of using this model in these buildings is the reduction in the number of different roof models, and consequently, a better analysis of them.

Detail 001

The facilities are set up during the construction.

EART HABITAT

The courtyards are the main suppliers of light; consequently, there is no need to use outside windows for light. This strategy is aimed at creating diversity in the neighborhood arrangement. On the other hand, all yards are designed to be fully utilized as semi-private spaces.

Excavation soil, after analysis can be used for constructing of houses.

XVII

-0.30

±0.00

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

±0.00

-0.30

+3.90

-3.90

-0.30

-3.90

Building Block : 001 (Developed Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

-0.30

Building Block : 002 (Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

Building Block : 001 (First Floor) Area(m2): 186.66

Building Block : 002 (First Floor) Area(m2): 239.04

-0.30

±0.00

-0.30

±0.00

C ±0.00

-3.90

A -0.30

-3.90 -3.90

Building Block : 001 (Basement Floor) Area(m2): 73.89

Building Block : 002 (Basement Floor) Area(m2): 89.64

Building Block : 001 (Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

Building Block : 002 (Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

±0.00

-3.90

+3.90

-3.90

-0.30

-3.90

D +3.90

-0.30

±0.00 -0.30

-0.30

+3.90

±0.00 -0.30

-0.30

-3.90

Building Block : 003 (First Floor) Area(m2): 187.68

Building Block : 006 (Developed Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

+3.90

D -0.30

Building Block : 006 (First Floor) Area(m2): 193.95

Building Block : 003 (Developed Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

-3.90

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

+3.90

-0.30

+3.90

±0.00 ±0.00

-0.30 ±0.00

-0.30

-3.90

+3.90

-0.30

Building Block : 004 (First Flooor) Area(m2): 203.85

Building Block : 005 (Developed Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

Building Block : 005 (First Floor) Area(m2): 227.25

Building Block : 004 (Developed Ground Flooor) Area(m2): 409.14

+3.90

-0.30

-3.90

-0.30

-0.30 -3.90

-3.90 -0.30

-0.30

±0.00

-0.30 ±0.00

-0.30

±0.00

Building Block : 004 (Ground Flooor) Area(m2): 409.14

Building Block : 005 (Basement Floor) Area(m2): 72.54

Building Block : 005 (Ground Floor) Area(m2): 409.14

EART HABITAT

Building Block : 004 (Basement Flooor) Area(m2): 72.54

EART HABITAT

XVIII

XIX

0.30

CEB -Type 006

0.03

0.30

CEB -Type 006 0.15

0.075

0.03

0.30

CEB -Type 006

0.15

0.30 0.03

0.30

CEB -Type 006 0.15

0.30

CEB -Type 006 0.15

0.30

“ CEB BLOCK DESIGNT ” 0.30

CEB -Type 006

0.15

0.30

EART HABITAT

In the blocks, certain cavities and bulges are incorporated to facilitate more precise alignment when laying them on top of each other and reduce human errors.

EART HABITAT

The facilities for the spaces are pre-designed and placed inside the gaps between the walls. Hence, there is no need to scrape them or add another layer to the wall.

XXI

EART HABITAT

Some part of wall that are suitable for facilities would be empty for assembling equipment on that.

XXII

SAGRES LANDMARK ArkxSite Competition

Collabrator: Behnaz Shamsaei Pouria Radmanesh

The Site Landmark, located between the Sagres Promontory and Cape St. Vincent, aims to establish a new destination point within this breathtaking landscape. It is designed to be a place where visitors can connect with the landscape, the sky, and the sea, providing them with a unique experience amidst the vastness of the location. There are no restrictions on height, excavation, or extension beyond the cliff edges.

SAGRES LANDMARK

1.Competition Intervation Area 2.Site Promontory 3.Existing Paths 4.Main/Access Road 5.Cap St. Vincent (Europe’s Westerly Point) 6.Beliche Fortress 7.Sagres Fortress 8.Sagres Promontory 9.Beach 10.Atlantic Ocean

XXIII

“ LANDMARK ”

SAGRES LANDMARK

“ IN / OUT ”

SAGRES LANDMARK

XXIV

The Sagres site is located in a unique setting that subtly influences the design concepts. Within these distinctive characteristics, one can observe the rocky terrain, prevailing winds, and a sense of being at the end of the world. As a landmark possessing distinct attributes, our design is primarily driven by the idea of creating a sense of isolation for visitors while minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment. We believe that the sensation of sinking into and emerging from the ground fosters a dialogue and offers an environment for solitude and contemplation that harmoniously integrates the sky, land, and oceans without detracting from the natural spectacle.

XXV

In the past, landmarks were considered to be natural or man-made features that provided information for navigation, including longitude or latitude coordinates, among other data. Nowadays, in addition to these criteria, landmarks also convey symbolic concepts. From a physical perspective, landmarks can be viewed both internally and externally, with internal symbolism carrying more conceptual weight in modern times.

SAGRES LANDMARK

“PATH”

XXVI

JIROOFT SCHOOL Jiroft Primary School 2018 Iran Architecture Biennial 2nd Collabrator: Saeid Kalantari

“ BRIEF ” On its second anniversary, the Iran Architecture Biennial called upon all participants to design a sustainable primary school for a deprived area in Kerman-Jiroft. This competition challenged architects to create a school with distinctive features that reflect various aspects of Indigenous People, including their culture, while also incorporating strong environmental qualities. Moreover, considering architecture for economically disadvantaged individuals, it was required to be constructed within a minimal budget and integrate sustainable elements. The Course of Iranian School formation

1.School in mousqe

2.School next to mousqe

3.School, the point of city (with Ivan)

4.H-shaped school

5.Linear school

Private part Public part Deviding the school into private and public spaces

Linear classes along corridors

Deviding the education part into current and deployable part

Schools and coridors around the school yard

Yard with different qualities(Grade1,2,3)

Current education part Deployable Part

Microclimate

Space quality

Communal space

Recyclable Local material

Architecture challenges in deprived areas

Healthy

Earth Architecture Low expenses

Lack of specialized labor

Reduction of energy consumption

Answer

Motivative

JIROOFT SCHOOL

Answer Dehno

Expandable to Self-Help Job creation other land uses System

High expenses of construction

Low expenses

XXVII

III

G D

G Pantry H Buffet

HI Prayer Buffet room

E H

Prayer room JI Stadium

Stadiumroom KJ Security I

Security room L Interactive space K

M L W.C Interactive space

III

B activity B Educational Educational activity and Hygiene room and Hygiene room C Workshops Workshops classes) C (Deployable (Deployable classes) D Library D Library E Administrative E Administrative F Amphitheatre F Amphitheatre G Pantry

N Parking M W.C O Teacher s house N Parking

O Teacher s house

JIROOFT SCHOOL

IIII

A A Class Class A

III

XXVIII

JIROOFT SCHOOL

In this millennium, with the strengthening of earth resistance and the dissemination of the mentioned approaches across various climatic zones worldwide, we can observe that these methods can have universal applications.

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“CLASSROOM”

JIROOFT SCHOOL

Earth has been a favored construction material for centuries, predating Christ. Today, approximately one-third of the world’s population resides in structures made from this material.

XXX

Pulished Plaster: Sodium silicate (liquid glass)

Rammed Earth and cement (2cm) 6:1 Thatch And Cement (4cm) Thatch (10cm )

JIROOFT SCHOOL

Rammed Earth (15cm )

XXXI

Tensile Structure Soil plaster Wicker

Palm Leaf

Soil plaster Lime plaster

Wattel and Daub (11cm)

Compressed Earth Block( CEB )

Fired Brick

Inﬁll

JIROOFT SCHOOL

Reinforced Concrete Beam

XXXII

ISFAHAN HOUSE House Design

Collabrator: Kamran Ghomi

“ PROGRAM ”

JIROOFT SCHOOL

The Isfahan House, a collaborative project with Kamran Ghomi at Object Studio, symbolizes the seamless integration of residential living with the urban environment. This single-story structure defies conventional spatial norms, setting it apart from neighboring buildings ranging from three to six floors. Furthermore, this project not only boasts its prime parkside location but also offers an array of outdoor spaces, including a serene courtyard garden, a terrace adorned with a solitary tree, and an enchanting rooftop mini-garden. These green spaces provide residents with a deeper connection to nature within the heart of the city

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01 Program: 2 unit Home Entrance Accessibility

02 Vertical Circulation

Shading for control of natural light from top of stari space

Converting a linear terrace to a usable space for rest and communicate

03 Parking Space Trace Space Mechanical Space Public Green Space View

Forming the space of library with the presence of natural light throw ceiling, presence of shrub for control of light and spiriting space.

04 Void Lighting Trace View and Lighting Control

Using the space beneath the stairs for mechanical purposes.

05 Public Space Semi Public Space Semi Private Space Private Space

06 Public Space Semi Public Space Semi Private Space Private Space

JIROOFT SCHOOL

Upon entering the first floor, one is greeted by the sight of a tree bathed in natural light from the roof, situated within the living area. Next to this space, a bookshelf and a cozy sitting area have been provided, offering the perfect spot for reading a book or enjoying a leisurely cup of tea.

XXXIV

ISFAHAN HOUSE

A brick and cement box constructed for the purpose of cultivating a tree on a terrace.

XXXV

Bedroom

Kitchen

TV Room

Parking

Living Room ±0.00

Garden

±0.00

SCALE: 1.150 1

Ground Floor Plan

“GROUND FLOOR”

Bedroom

+9.80

Bedroom

+7.00

+2.95 +3.40

Kitchen

TV Room

SECTION A-A

Living Room

+9.80

8 +7.00 ±0.00

SCALE: 1.150 1

7 +2.95

First Floor Plan

A SECTION B-B

“FIRST FLOOR” ISFAHAN HOUSE

XXXVI

ISFAHAN HOUSE

The kitchen window opens to the park adjacent to the project, and in the evening, the natural shading provided by the trees creates a delightful atmosphere in both the kitchen and the living room.Thanks to the abundance of skylights on every facade, the building requires no artificial lighting until late in the day.

XXXVII

“ SOLUTION ”

ISFAHAN HOUSE

The second kitchen window opens onto the terrace, which has an open roof & connections to the yard & the park. To regulate light and visibility, the terrace is equipped with adjustable louvres that can be rotated and moved as needed.

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DREAM LAND Isfahan Municipality

Collabrator: USE Sudio, Ehsan Hajrasouliha

1.Existing

2. Division to 8

3. Lifting

Dream Land, the largest and most well-equipped amusement park in the country and often in the Middle East, has garnered attention not for its grand descriptions or the embodiment of dreams but rather for the challenges it faces in design and execution. The park has become a chaotic amalgamation of colors, materials, styles, and clichéd excitement, forming a “city” that falls short of its dream-like aspirations. Even elements like bottom-up houses and prehistoric creatures in the suburbs of the historic city of Isfahan fail to provide the anticipated excitement. A pressing question arises: should this complex solely cater to the needs and excitement of children?

4. Movment Countiunity Far encounter, close encounter 5. Creating a semi-public space by depression in the ground

6. volume increase

7. Green roof

DREAM LAND

8. Final result

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1. Existing

2 . Division

3. Completion

4. Use of land

5 . Connection

6. Volume increase

Open public space

Clothing

cafe & restaurnt

Open Cinema

Ofﬁce

Art & culture

Pool

Entertainment & Game

7. Circulation

8. Order of function and Zone Line

“ BRIEF ”

DREAM LAND

The main challenge at hand involves effectively communicating with the complex. A delicate balance is crucial to prevent introducing more complications, as any additional factors could worsen the project’s disorder. The office-commercial complex, occupying around 25,000m² in the northwest corner of the site next to the entrance gate, stands out more due to its inseparable hotel—the sole recognizable landmark from the highway. However, the complex’s distinctive feature, its massive size, is disproportionate and incomprehensible. It fails to establish a connection with people, both from a distance and up close. Despite movement being pivotal, the project’s impact on this aspect is minimal. Its contribution seems confined to its name, struggling with identity and function compared to the adjacent elements of the site, while also disregarding the surrounding views. These challenges represent only a portion of the broader complexities; it’s clear that a mere “skin” won’t be adequate to tackle these issues.

DREAM LAND

The design approach necessitates a comprehensive solution to guide the design process. Esfahan’s historical bazaar serves as an example of a multi-functional complex with a diverse range of functions and relationships. The arrangement of main corridors and surrounding spaces (such as sarais, mosques, schools, etc.) allows for individualized characteristics within a cohesive context.

XLI

“ SOLUTION ”

DREAM LAND

The organization ensures that each section accommodates specific activities, creating a competitive yet user-driven environment. The site, location, and function are crucial components in defining the building’s facade. The elevation can be evaluated from two perspectives: one from close proximity, experienced by people nearby, and the other from a distance, as perceived by surrounding elements that emphasize the project’s monumental nature. The design process prioritizes continuity of movement and a sense of lightness, achieved through elevating the building from the ground and creating transparency at ground level. Overcoming challenges and obstacles greatly influenced the design process and ultimately shaped the project’s outcome. The lighting design was no exception, as raising and illuminating the ground level enhances reflection, resulting in a lighter appearance for the substantial structures. Shifting and dividing volumes created cracks and transformed some into illuminated boxes, further highlighting the project’s monumentality at night. Given the functions in proximity, some of these features could serve for film screenings, advertisements, and even open-air cinemas, taking advantage of the land’s potential.

XLII

NEXUS D-HABITAT 2014 eVolo Skyscraper Competition

Collabrator: Mona Zandi, Behnaz Shamsaie, Afshin Koupaie

“ BRIEF ” wet

A study conducted by the United Nations University highlights that desertification, a form of land degradation leading to increased aridity, is becoming a critical environmental challenge due to climate change. Drylands lose water bodies, vegetation, and wildlife, which affect the livelihoods of those residing in marginal areas.

“ DESERTIFICATION ” Dry

D-HABITAT

Projected future aridity by National Center for Atmospheric Research ((NCAR (Aiguo Dai, Drought under global warming, 2010 )

The current situation has prompted people to leave their homes in pursuit of better lives in other cities and regions, contributing to desertification. NEXUS D-Habitat, a network of habitats, aims to counteract this trend by encouraging people to stay in marginal lands rather than migrating. NEXUS Nodes collaborate to establish activities around degraded lands, curbing their further expansion. This series of Desert Habitats prevents migration from desert areas to greener lands by offering a satisfactory living and working environment. One of the main drivers of desert growth is people’s migration from marginal desert lands to more developed habitats, perpetuating the cycle of desert expansion and migration. To address this, a solution is proposed through Nexus Habitats within the desert, which prevent further desert land expansion through interconnections. The upcoming diagram illustrates potential outcomes of implementing Nexus D-Habitats or similar projects, compared to the ongoing abandonment of marginal lands. Additionally, plants excel in capturing solar power, operating with nearly 100 percent quantum efficiency to generate an equal number of electrons for each captured photon of sunlight. Even a fraction of this efficiency converted into electricity would surpass the performance of solar panels, which generally operate at efficiency levels between 12 and 17 percent. Research by the University of Georgia focuses on directly harvesting electricity from plants by interrupting photosynthesis and capturing electrons for electricity generation, utilizing carbon nanotubes to convey electrons from modified thylakoids.

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“NEXUS D-HABITAT”

D-HABITAT

Addressing this challenge, the NEXUS D-Habitat initiative offers a network of habitats to discourage people from leaving marginal lands and instead encourages habitation. Collaborative NEXUS Nodes establish activities around degraded areas, curbing their expansion. By forming a series of Desert Habitats, the migration of people from desert lands to more fertile regions can be curbed, fostering a conducive living and working environment. Migration from marginal desert lands is identified as a driver of desert growth, leading to a cycle of repeated migration. To counter this, the proposal introduces Nexus Habitats within deserts, providing satisfactory living conditions and an economic cycle between chain nodes, ultimately restraining further desert expansion. Furthermore, plants, with their high solar energy conversion efficiency, are presented as powerful energy sources. A research project by the University of Georgia explores harnessing electricity directly from plants by interrupting photosynthesis and capturing generated electrons, conveying them for electricity generation via carbon nanotubes.

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Step 1 // 3D-Printing the Main Structure Using the simulated dune shape in a zone, the 3D printing process of NEXUS D-Habitat will begin. The 3D printing material consists of a compound of sand and glue, and the two-way winds in most regions of marginal lands will result in a closed dune-shaped structure.

July - August - September

April - May - June

Step 2 // Salt Facade System Inside Complex 3D Printing, the interior facade with salt, inspired by halite, will provide a light-controlled space for living and working. Simultaneously, it resists erosion and usual damages that occur with conventional building materials like glass.

January - February - March

October - November - December

Step 3 // Nebkha Facade System The outer facade of the NEXUS D-Habitat is constructed by harnessing the natural wind force and the absorbing capability of Tamarix (desert plants). The wind blows sand onto the maximum surface of dunes, and the plants will stabilize the sand, resulting in a facade that mimics the Nebkha formation.

July - August - September

April - May - June

Step 4 // Microclimate Systgem To prevent water vapors from escaping the complex, the NEXUS D-Habitat needs to create a condensation low-temperature zone at the crater. This zone acts like a microclimate, resulting in internal precipitation.

October - November - December

January - February - March

10000 9000 8000 7000 600 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

D-HABITAT

2075 - 2100 10000

2050 - 2075 The Nexus D-Habitat

5000

2025 - 2050 The prevention of desertiﬁcation

0 500 1000

2000 - 2025 The trend of desertiﬁcation

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Evaporation

Percipitation

Evaporation

“ DESERTIFICATION ” Traditional desert marginal land settlements have been abandoned due to the severe life conditions of such environments. • Low height villages risk of burrial under sand storms at a galance it may seem that high rise buildings may be the solution, however It doesn’t solve the whole problem. The exterior part of the skyscraper will be exposed to sand, and the openings allow the sand to enter the living space! • High Tempreature

D-HABITAT

• Lack of water resources. “Using underground water resources will solve the problem to some extent, but it initiates a new crisis: the excessive use of underground water resources without recharging them. “Winds are blowing sand into habitats of desert marginal lands, damaging the living areas and causing people to leave their home villages. They also form sand dunes, which are the maximum surface of sand facing the wind. Simulating this surface will allow us to use wind force as a natural construction force. “Constructing an introverted high-rise building prevents sand from entering the complex by closing the exterior facade and opening the interior facade. “Using underground water resources inside a closed system, providing an isolated environment from intense sunlight and blowing sands, will lower the temperature and provide a more livable complex, encouraging people not to leave but to live.”

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SPIDER WEB TOWER D3 Housing Competition

“ GLOBAL WARMING ” Regardless the five continent’s glaciers and also with knowing that the melting of floating ice does not affect sea level, We need to consider at least 25 million cubic kilometers of ice in Antarctica and 1.7 cubic kilometers of ice of Greenland in the Arctic … S0 S1= S0 - S * (0.9) S2 = S1 - S * (0.9*0.112) S3 = S2 - S * (0.9*0.112*0.112) Sn = Sn -1 - Sn -1 * (0.9*0.112 ) n -1

2.050

WEB TOWER

2050

2080

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“ INDONESIA ”

WEB TOWER

“The results of the Bali meetings in Indonesia underscore the perilous implications of neglecting the rising water levels attributed to global warming. Failure to address this issue seriously could result in the submergence of approximately 17,000 islands in Indonesia and across the world. By 2035, the nation’s largest airport is predicted to become submerged and rendered unusable. Additionally, this escalating trend could spell the destruction of the presidential palace of “Doch Ara,” located merely 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the city by 2080. Consequences of heightened water levels include extensive damage to beaches, the displacement of millions of island inhabitants, and severe harm to urban infrastructure and public facilities throughout Indonesia. Prominent areas like Java and major coastal cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang—critical to the nation’s economy and industry—are at serious risk. Predictions based on greenhouse gas emissions indicate that Indonesia may lose 400 square kilometers of its land by 2080, exacerbating challenges for a nation already grappling with agricultural issues due to damaged arable land.”

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“Spider silk proteins predominantly comprise repetitive amino acid ‘motifs’ within internal regions. The significant conservation of amino acid sequences at the termini across various silk types, even among those that diverged over millions of years, suggests a consistent function in silk production. However, the diverse ensemble of repeats in different silk types exhibits such divergence that straightforward homologization becomes challenging.” Duct

Spigot Tail

Funnel lumen

Repetitive modules c

n terminus

terminus

GGTGQGGAGQGGAGAAAAAAAA

Functional motif

GGX

GPGX

MaSP1 MaSP2 Misp Flag TuSp AcSp

Frame thread Sticky spiral Bridge thread Hub Radii U-turns Frame point

WEB TOWER

Anchor point

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“ WEB TOWER ” “In response, alternative options beyond evacuating cities like Surabaya should be explored. The proposed project hinges on leveraging the tall skyscrapers within the city, connecting them to foster interrelationships. However, given limited ground access, provisions for agriculture are imperative to ensure food security for residents. Consequently, the consideration of new agricultural zones within the city’s network is underway, with planning for skyscraper construction staging components already initiated. Drawing inspiration from an innovative response to floods in parts of Pakistan, where spiders utilized trees for their webs, Surabaya could adopt artificial interlocking fibers as a viable solution due to the absence of suitable structures. Among potential choices, the tensegrity structure stands out, prioritized for its gradual constructibility over years, lightweight design enabling increased utilization space, incorporation of materials resembling artificial spider webs, and resilience against turbulent water waves.”

RESIDENTIAL TOWER

WEB TOWER

VERTICAL FARMING TOWER