UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA FACULTY OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE ARC5002 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 2
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[be grateful for small things, big things, and everything in between.]
Low Mei Qi GS 49706
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Robust Urban Malaysia Habitat
ARC5002 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 2 MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE FACULTY OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
Author: LOW MEI QI
Editor: Dr Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed Assoc Prof Ar Meor Mohammad Fared Meor Razali Assoc Prof Dr Zalina Shari Ar Wan Sofiah Wan Ishak
Table of Contents 1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
INTRODUCTION ··················································································································· 1 1.1
Project Overview ····································································································· 1
1.2
Project Brief & Design Parameters ······································································· 2
1.3
Project Site & Location···························································································· 3
SITE ANALYSIS ······················································································································ 4 2.1
Land Use & Zoning ··································································································· 6
2.2
Circulation ················································································································· 7
2.3
Site Issues ··················································································································· 8
2.4
SWOT Analysis ··········································································································· 9
CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT ························································································ 10 3.1
Background ············································································································· 10
3.2
Design Issues ··········································································································· 10
3.3
Design Scheme ······································································································ 10
3.4
Design Intention ····································································································· 11
3.5
Target Group ··········································································································· 12
3.6
Design Development ···························································································· 13
SPACE – PLANNING DEVELOPMENT ············································································· 15 4.1
Introduction ············································································································· 15
4.2
Schematic Design·································································································· 16
4.3 5.0
6.0
7.0
4.2.1
Plans ············································································································· 16
4.2.2
Elevation ······································································································ 25
4.2.3
Section ········································································································· 29
4.2.4
Perspective ································································································· 33
Data Development ································································································ 45
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL STUDY ···························································································· 46 5.1
Structural System ···································································································· 48
5.2
Structural Details ···································································································· 51
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL STUDY ············································································ 52 6.1
Electric System ······································································································· 52
6.2
Water System ·········································································································· 53
6.3
Lift ······························································································· 54
FIRE FIGHTING STUDY ······································································································· 56 7.1
Passive Containment [UBBL 134-139, 5th Schedule] ···································· 56 7.1.1 Fire Lift & Fire Staircase ················································································ 58 7.1.2 Running Distance ·························································································· 59 7.1.3 Evacuation ····································································································· 61
7.2
Active Intervention ································································································ 62 7.2.1
8.0
Access for Firefighting and Rescue (UBBL 140) ································ 65
PRESENTATION BOARD ···································································································· 66
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@ Site A 1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Overview
THE 9th World Urban Forum (WUF9), in Kuala Lumpur from Feb 7 to 13, is described by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 70/210 as the “first session” to focus on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda (NUA). This was adopted by the UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in Quito, Ecuador. The NUA states that at this critical moment in history there are more than half of the world’s population live in cities. The theme is “Cities 2030, Cities for All: Implementing the New Urban Agenda”. – World Urban Forum, KL (2018) Housing, by its very nature, have many conservative issues and process to consider. Hence, RUMaH designs should emphasise on experimental, contemporary, innovative themes that enhance the identity of the development, while incorporate advanced construction technology and requirements of local context, social and cultural considerations. Regardless the attention given to improve the supply of housing by the government in Malaysia, housing is still a controversial issue. The issues concerning housing in Malaysia has changed from accessibility to affordability and quality of housing. The term quality not only relate to physical design, size and facilities but also neighbourhood qualities, affordability and locations. Research on housing in Malaysia mainly focused on housing satisfaction, which is still limited and fragmented. It is crucial to balance supply and demand factors in the housing market to ensure that housing supply fits the needs of citizens based on the location, price and target group. Objective:
To prepare a strategic plan of development issues and urban environment in architectural project individually and collectively.
To discuss sustainable building design, taking into account the economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects.
To present a proposal in accordance with the building design professional practice of architecture.
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1.2
Project Brief & Design Parameters
[ RUMaH Robust Urban Malaysia Habitat ] Design Brief: The project requires students to explore the issues involved in RUMaH as the world evolves to introduce new styles of work, living and play environment. Design Parameters:
Urban development issues.
Project and site selections will be based on local context with suitable complexity of the development located in urban
Emphasis will be given on the environment, socio-cultural, economy, suitable land use and human comfort issues in buildings
Proposed sites are within 2 acres development.
Providing density of 300 persons per acre
Max storey height – 20 storeys
Plot ratio to refer to MPKT requirement (IF NECESSARY)
To provide essential and appropriate amenities/ infrastructure according to individual concept and target
groups. Hence, the scheme should include commercial, recreational, institutional and multi-functional spaces.
RUMaH Performance requirements: 1. Respond to socio-economic & socio-culture 2. Respond to family and financial status (household cycle) 3. Foster community living (i.e. Passive security, kongsi habitat) 4. Increase community
Objective:
To optimise the development potential of the site in terms of saleable area, production, cost effectiveness, and overall environment.
To innovate theme of the development for enhancing its identity and marketability.
To incorporate available and contemporary design concepts and technology.
To incorporate available and contemporary design concepts and technology Demonstrate awareness and basic skills in sustainable design approach for advance building performance in the design proposal.
Display basic professional skills in responding authorities’ requirements, relevant legislation and bye-laws.
Task: Stage 1: Analysis, Research and Precedents. Stage 2: Synthesis between Brief, Site Analysis & Research Data. Stage 3: Design Development. Stage 4: Presentation.
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1.3
Project Site & Location
Figure 1: Overall map of allocated site at Kuala Terengganu. State: Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu The allocated site given for this RUMAH project is at Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Terengganu lies on the East Coast of Peninsula Malaysia facing the South China Sea. As the stare and royal capital of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu has a total area of 20.776 hectares. Kuala Terengganu is a riverine city strategically located in the estuary of Terengganu River.
Figure 2: Key Plan and Location Plan of proposed site located at Kuala Terengganu. Site: Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu The proposed site is 2.0 acre and located at Kampung Cina in Kuala Terengganu. Approximately 250 m away from the river mouth of Terengganu River that empties into the South China Sea. It is classified as commercial zone which under MBKT Authority.
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2.0
SITE ANALYSIS
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Figure 3: Site Plan of proposed site located at Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu. The proposed site is located along the back lane of shop lot at Jalan Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu. Currently it is a huge empty land and we proposed to divide into 4 parcels. So, a proposed 2-way road will be introduced in this project. Besides, there is no lot number for the site so is need to be survey for a lot number assigned by the Director of Survey and Mapping. From the authority in Terengganu, there are future development proposal which located at the opposite of selected site, which proposed as a bustling mini metropolitan with high-rise hotels, shop lots and residential towers, to provide more job opportunities and enhance the economy of Terengganu. In order to increase the density of city in Kuala Terengganu, the future development will towards high rise vertical housing. Thus, it is a suitable site to develop as a residential as it strategic location in the heart of business district, to increase the provision of housing in the commercial area. The site is full with cultural context which linked with the traditional style Kampung Cina and towards the recreation at riverfront. Hence, it will balance the population of locals and tourists, and it will become a new landmark in Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu.
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One-storey existing building
Proposed Site
Backlane 4000
2500
Figure 4: Existing Site Section X-X from Kampung Cina to Proposed Site.
View A: Jalan Kampung Cina
A C
View B: The Back Lane B
View C: Jalan Kampung Tiong
Figure 5: View of Existing Site at Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu.
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2.1
Land Use & Zoning
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2.2
Circulation
1. Vehicular Movement •
The site has 2 accessible road for ingress: Jalan Banggol & Jalan Masjid Abidin (4 alternative ingress).
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4 egresses from the site to the primary road.
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Best egress location: toward Lorong Haji Jamil.
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Jalan Banggol will cause less congestion compared to Jalan Kampung Cina.
Figure 6: Vehicular Movement around Proposed Site.
2. Pedestrian Movement •
O-bike provision nearby support mobility of pedestrians.
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Close proximity to bus terminal and few MyBus Station encourage pedestrian to use public transport.
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Pedestrian walkway around the site is narrow and not well-shaded.
Figure 7: Pedestrian Movement around Proposed Site.
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2.3
Site Issues
1. Social Aspect
Lack of housing provision (business district area)
Inactive participation
Heritage conservation
Tourists more than local
Less professional career
Lack of security or privacy
Single income
Business unstable /fluctuated (monsoon, tourism, public holiday)
Slow economy due to uncompetitive
High dependence on tourism
Lack of local economy diversity
High living cost
Change of urban form or streetscape
Lack of awareness towards sustainability
Lack of public transportation service
Lack of public amenities or community area
Poor permeability
Busy road and traffic
2. Economic Aspect
3. Environment Aspect
Figure 8: Social, Economic and Environment Aspect at Chinatown, Kuala Terengganu.
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2.4
SWOT Analysis
Strengths •
Connected to lively neighborhood, amenities, landmarks and nodes
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Near to heritage site
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Tourist spots
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Central business district
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City and river view
Weakness •
Congested traffic
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Surrounded by one-way traffic
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Noise pollution
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Surrounded by dilapidated buildings
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Hardscape and utilities to be upgraded
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Located next to the back lane of shop lots
Opportunities •
Road widening in future planning to reduce the traffic congestion
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Strong cultural value
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Zoning for mixed-use development
Threats •
Hectic neighborhood
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High property value
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Congested traffic esp. during weekend and public holiday
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3.0
CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1
Background 1. Base on the interview at Terengganu, 80% of the respondent who wanted their landed property which prefer to live in a village environment which have more community value. 2. Courtyard is one of the traditional architectural forms that contributed in determining climatic environment, physical and social interaction. 3. Study the existing courtyard in the old shop lot at China Town, and link with the rejuvenate alley culture, to increase the social vibrant in the neighbourhood context.
Figure 9: Demand on landed property vs High-rise in future.
3.2
Design Issues 1. Higher demand in landed property, people prefer to stay at the ground, resulting in many empty units in apartment / condominium. 2. Lack of public amenities or community area. 3. Major income groups are medium income or single income.
3.3
Design Scheme
Vertical Courtyard Social Housing This design project is a proposal of High Density Residential Development at Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia. The design scheme of this residential project is ‘vertical courtyard social housing’. During the site visitation, we interviewed the local people. About residential, they all preferred to stay at the ‘landed property’. In order to increase the density of city in Terengganu, the future development will towards high rise vertical housing. Thus, the potential of using courtyard as strategy in vertical housing to create the sense of ‘staying at the ground’. So, every unit entrance by yard or verandah, use to promote the demand and provision of vertical housing in Kuala Terengganu, and increase the social interaction within the neighbourhood.
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3.4
Design Intention
Inspired by the alley at Chinatown Terengganu. The concept of rejuvenated the alley become an attraction to increase the social interaction, and to utilise the space in-between building blocks. The residence is visually & physically connected to the alley by the orientation of layout and the link bridges. Welcoming the public from Chinatown, provide the sense of cultural by the festival decorations in between the residence blocks. The courtyard as strategy to provide the natural sense of the ground, to provide the natural ventilation, and benefit in environmental sustainability. When all the circulation space becomes a social connection space, so called the ‘social alley’, to enhance the neighbourhood bonding and social interaction.
Figure 10: Rejuvenated Alley near to the proposed site at Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu.
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3.5
Target Group
Figure 11: Average Household Size in Kuala Terengganu from year 2013 to 2018. Based on the data collected from the questionnaire, figure 11 demonstrates the average household size in Kuala Terengganu during the year 2013 until Year 2018. Most of the household unit in Kuala Terengganu are medium size family, which have 4-5 members in average.
Figure 12: Average Annual Salary per household in year 2016. Figure 12 shows the average number of annual salary per household unit in year 2016. It indicated that the average range of household income in Terengganu is about RM4000 RM5000, which are medium income group be in the majority.
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3.6
Design Development
Sun Path Orientation
Positive and Negative View of Site
Public, Semi Public & Private Zone
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Hierarchy of Building Typology
Existing Element from Site
Courtyard vs Alley Concept
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4.0
SPACE – PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
4.1
Introduction
This residences as a cultural centre at ground floor. Introduce some space for cultural events or activities, such as exhibition hall, gallery, outdoor performing stage, installation art, kioks and workshops. Facilities floor is a semi-public zone. While some public family can join the community kitchen, and their kids or families can enjoy the children playground and swimming pool. Mainly for the families who send their kids to the kindergarten at the bottom level. There are 5 levels of rooftops garden at Block A and Block B which under the opening of lightweight pitch roof. The materials of community kitchen is base from what they planted in this rooftop garden. According to the form of this residence, others than the alley from Chinatown, the different building blocks level create the sense of hierarchy from lower form (old shop houses) to the high-rise form (future development at neighbour land), to avoid the big contrasts with the old shop houses. Thus, the lightweight pitch roof is transformed from the roof of old shophouse to make the sense of belongingness to Chinatown.
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4.2
Schematic Design
4.2.1 Plans
SITE PLAN Scale NTS
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205 nos Carpark & 5 nos OKU Carpark M&E Rooms included: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Genset Room TNB Sub-station TNB Meter Consumer HT Transformer Room LV Room
BASEMENT 1 CARPARK Scale NTS
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205 nos Carpark & 5 nos OKU Carpark M&E Rooms included: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Wet Riser/ Sprinkler/ Sewerage Pump Room Hose Reel/ Cold Water/ Suction Pump Room Wet Riser Tank Hose Reel Tank RC Sprinkler Tank Cold Water Suction Tank
BASEMENT 2 CARPARK Scale NTS
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN Scale NTS
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TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN 1 Scale NTS
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TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN 2 Scale NTS
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LEVEL 4 FLOOR PLAN (FACILITIES LEVEL) Scale NTS
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SOUTH ELEVATION Scale NTS
4.2.2 Elevation
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NORTH ELEVATION Scale NTS
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WEST ELEVATION Scale NTS
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EAST ELEVATION Scale NTS
4.2.3 Section
SECTION A - A Scale NTS
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SECTION B - B Scale NTS
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4.2.4 Perspective Exploded Model Perspective
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Perspective View 1: Bird Eye View
Perspective View 2: Main Entrance to Drop-off and Basement Carpark.
1 2
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Perspective View 3: Drop-of Area.
Perspective View 4: From main entrance to the center courtyard.
4 3
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Perspective View 5: ‘Social Alley’ – the center courtyard between building blocks.
Perspective View 6: Some landscape furniture placed in the courtyard.
5 6
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Perspective View 7: ‘Social Alley’ – the center courtyard between building blocks..
Perspective View 8: Kiosk for local food, relocated the food store from adjacent site.
7 8
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Perspective View 9: Covered pedestrian walk from Kampung Cina.
Perspective View 10: Frontage welcome the tourists from Kampung Cina to cultural center.
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Perspective View 11: Proposed installation art platform and outdoor carpark.
Perspective View 12: Proposed installation art platform and outdoor carpark.
11 12
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Perspective View 13: Link Bridge connect the circulation from block A to block B.
Perspective View 14: Pool Deck Facilities Floor at Level 4.
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Perspective View 15: Utilise the space of corridor in between units.
Perspective View 16: Reading corner allow to share books with neighbours.
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Perspective View 17: Utilise the space of corridor in between units.
Perspective View 18: Internal Courtyard enhance the social interaction.
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Perspective View 19: Relaxing box view to the center courtyard. (Facility by management)
Perspective View 20: Swimming Pool and relaxing lounge.
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4.3
Data Development
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5.0
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL STUDY
5.1
Structural System
RC Shear Wall
SHEAR WALL
Figure 13: Shear Walls location in typical floor level. Reinforced Concrete Structural Frames are one of the most popular structural systems in Malaysia. In this system RCC frame is braced with Concrete Shear wall. A shear wall is a structural panel that can resist lateral forces acting on it. Recently, developer in Malaysia will choose shear wall structural system in medium-rise or high-rise building due to the economic reasons. Shear wall system provide efficient in terms of construction cost and effectiveness in minimizing earthquake damage.
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Figure 14: Placement of Shear Walls. The most convenient place to locate shear wall is an external blank wall on edges or on two parallel edges so that stiffness of structure is maintained in best possible way. It should be spaced symmetrically so that center of gravity (c.g.) of structure remains at center and there is not much eccentricity on application of lateral loads like Seismic, wind etc. So, its placement needs special skills and experience because if not placed at proper location it would lead to adverse behavior.
Figure 15: Shear Walls in high-rise building. Wind and Seismic loads are most common loads that shear walls are designed to carry. It is competitive with steel if economically designed and executed.
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Figure 16: Reinforces Concrete Shear Wall. The minimum thickness for wall to be provided is 150 mm. Shear wall in its plane has tremendous load carrying capacity but for out of its plane loads its capacity decreases i.e. its moment resistance capacity decreases. Moments that are resisted by wall are ultimately transferred to foundation and as a large amount of moment has to be resisted by shear wall, foundation of shear wall becomes heavy. As all the load that comes on beam is transfer to wall through junction and that junction has a crucial point of this system is transfer of load. So, this connection needs special attention and technique. Mostly in walls openings are not provided but if it is needed to be provided than skill and technique are required. If openings are provided at critical point then it will lead to failure in transfer of load than ultimately leads to failure in structural system. Advantages of Reinforced Frame braced with Shear wall
The size of the column gets reduced considerable with the use of shear wall in frame.
Size of column can be changed to a large extent at different floors with the use of shear wall in frame.
More carpet area is available in building as size of column is reduced with the use of shear wall in frame.
Cost of construction is less as compared to frame without shear wall.
It is more resistant to Earthquake.
Speed of construction is fast.
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5.2
Structural Details
RC Shear Wall Foundation Details
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6.0
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL STUDY
6.1
Electric System Electricity is the primary power source for the maintenance of any building. In order to sustain the power of pumps and lighting fixtures system. Electrical energy also generates the motion power for elevators or other vertical transportation devices within the building. Besides, supplementary mechanical light source is also crucial to operate the building. Efficient utilization of natural sunlight will sufficiently reduce the power wastage from mechanical light source. The overall electrical system mentioned above to generate these electrical appliances originates from a singular utility source. From the central source, the power is distributed into multiple electrical circuits that continue to sustain the various building needs. The conversion of the electrical energy requires TNB substation and distribution boxes. Meanwhile, emergency electrical source includes the utilization of genset room.
Figure 17: Location of Electrical Room at ground floor.
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6.2
Water System Uniform building regulations stipulate that all building must be supplied with potable water and can carried our daily activities. It means that the water supplied must be clean and free from bacteria, has been filtered and chlorinated. Sources of water supply in Malaysia are usually supplied by PWD. For high rise buildings, the water pressure is not sufficient enough to push the water to higher level. This problem can be resolved by using a mechanical system that was designed to increase water pressure. However, the water supply system has to be considered before installation as there are two main types of water system, which area: 1. Direct system 2. Indirect system Direct system method places each fixture connected with the supply under same pressure as street main. The habitat utilized indirect system which supports isolated works and saving cost of the operators in the hub. The main water source of the building comes from the suction water tank located on the roof level. The servicing pipes supplying water to each units and also common areas in each house are all supplied with water ducts in each floor.
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6.3
Lift Lift is the most convenient way of vertical circulation for the users in the building comparing to staircases and ramps, especially on high-rises building. Lift is required in the building with the following terms: 1. Building By-Laws •
For any building that has clear floor of more than four storeys must be equipped with lift systems.
2. Safety Purpose •
Fire lift is necessarily required for high-rise building for firefighting and rescue purpose.
3. Regular task •
Lift is needed for transporting live loads to higher floors.
•
Passenger lift, fire lift and service lifts are installed in this project.
Figure 18: Lift location at ground floor.
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Figure 19: Basement 1 – M&E Services Room
Figure 20: Basement 2 – M&E Services Room
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7.0
FIRE FIGHTING STUDY
7.1
Passive Containment [UBBL 134-139, 5th Schedule]
Compartmentation: •
To contain the spread of fire from the point of origin.
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To limit the potential size of the fire.
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To separate areas of different levels of hazard.
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To separate areas of safe exit, evacuation or refuge.
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To limit threat to the structural integrity of the building.
•
To allow sufficient time for safe evacuation, active extinguishment of fire and rescue.
As the proposed building exceed 30 meters in height, all floors above 9m from ground floor are constructed as compartment floors. The proposed building is divided into compartments in complying with UBBL 134, in accordance to the different Purpose Group and within the limit of compartment. [Refer to Table 21] Generally, i.
Each floor is a compartment floor with some floors have more than one compartments (all car parking floors) [UBBL 137]
ii.
Each compartment is separated by compartment floors and compartment walls with barriers at external walls by min 750mm horizontal / 900mm vertical [UBBL 149] and with elements of structure comply to FRP required under 9th schedule
iii.
All lift cores and escape staircases are constructed as protected shafts.
Listed below are the rooms with fire risks which are separated from other areas by fire resistant elements with FRP i.e.: Floor as compartment floors and all walls have FRP of 2 hours [UBBL 139]: i.
Transformer room at basement 1
ii.
TNB switching station at basement 1
iii.
LV switch gear room at basement 1
iv.
Genset at basement 1
v.
Fire control room at basement 1
vi.
SDF room at basement 1
vii.
MDF room at basement 1
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Elements of Structure for Application of FRP: i.
Structural frame, beams and columns (excl. roof structures)
ii.
Floor (except the lowest floor)
iii.
Compartment floor [UBBL 148]
iv.
Compartment wall [UBBL 148]
v.
External wall barriers [UBBL 149]
vi.
Protected shaft: structure and enclosure [UBBL 150]
vii.
Separating wall [UBBL 141]
Floor
Description
Purpose Group
Total Floor Area (m2)
Height (m)
Volume (m3)
Compartment
Basement 1
Carpark
VIII
8,390
3.0
25,180
3
Basement 2
Carpark
VIII
8,390
3.0
25,180
3
II, V, VII
4,750
6.6
31,355
4
3.3
44,960
120
Cultural
Ground
Center Units, Pool Deck,
Level 1-4
Playground,
III, VII
13,625
Community Kitchen Level 5-10
Units
III
10,900
3.3
35,970
180
Level 11-15
Units
III
4,740
3.3
15,630
150
Table 21: Project details according to compartment. Note: Purpose Group II
: Institutional
Purpose Group III
: Residential
Purpose Group IV
: Shop
Purpose Group VII
: Place of Assembly
Purpose Group VIII
: Storage and General
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7.1.1
Fire Lift & Fire Staircase
Figure 22: Indicated location of Fire Lift and Fire Staircase at ground floor. The proposed building has a total number 4 staircase above ground [Staircase 1� 4 to serve upper floors] and [Staircase 1-3 to serve basement carpark]. All staircases have a minimum width of 1125mm with landing not less than the required width of stairs. Staircases from upper floors and those from basement floors have different escape routes with respective final exits at ground floor.
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7.1.2
Running Distance
Figure 22: Fire Staircase location and travel distance at ground floor.
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Figure 22: Fire Staircase location and travel distance at typical floor.
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7.1.3
Evacuation
Other evacuation requirement components for a residential block are in the following: Part A - Detection Part B - Alarm Part C - Exits Part D - Travel Distance (refer to Floor Plans) Part E - Components Part F - Capacity of Exits (refer to Table VI)
Part A – Detection •
very early detection
•
early detection
•
manual detection
Part B – Alarm •
automatic
•
pre-alarm
•
local/manual
Part C & D – Exits & Travel Distance (Details refer to Floor Plans) •
Every floor has a minimum of 4 separate exits with additional exits as necessary in complying to the limits of travel distances specified in 7th schedule.
Part E – Components (Details refer to Floor Plans)
i.
ii.
Exit Door, Exit Discharge (UBBL 173, 186, 193) •
exit doors are always be able to be opened (without undue effort) at all time.
•
all exit doors swing towards the direction of escape, through exit routes to final exits
•
'exit' in this context means storey exit, horizontal exit or final exit.
Protected Corridor, Protected Staircase (UBBL 157, 189--‐191)
Part F – Capacity of Exits •
to indicate that all floors have sufficient exit width.
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7.2
Active Intervention
(Note: details refer to each floor plan) Active systems for evacuation: ‐ i.
Detection and Alarm
ii.
Communication
iii. Portable fire extinguishers Active systems for compartmentation: ‐ iv. Smoke control - NA
v. Extinguishment ‐ manual (Hose Reels)
Automatic (Sprinkler System, CO2 Extinguishing System) Active systems for fire-fighting and rescue: vi. Fire Lifts vii. Wet Risers viii. Hydrants Active systems ix. Others
i.
Detection and Alarm
•
fire alarm systems are in compliance to 10th schedule. (UBBL 237)
•
a fire command center is provided on ground floor [building exceed 30.5m or exceeding 9290sqm in gross area. (UBBL 238)]
•
Fire detection devices provided in this project: a. Manual break glass b. Heat detector (for spaces up to 9m high) ‐ Heat detector: for general areas.
c. Smoke detector (for spaces up to 10m high) - for electrical rooms and store.
d. Beam(smoke) detectors for high spaces such as atrium up to 25m high - N/A e. Flame (IR or UV) detectors - N/A ii.
Communication
•
Two voice communication system are provided: a. Public address system, and b. Fire brigade intercommunication system
•
Fire control panel is located in a Control Room at ground floor and connected to the main lobby.
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iii. Portable fire extinguishers •
Portable fire extinguishers are required for first aid use. (UBBL 227)
•
2 types are provided in this project: a. Dry powder type of 6 kg for general use. (Classes of fire involved: A, B, C & F) Class A
- combustible solids like paper, wood
Class B
- inflammable liquids like kerosene, diesel
Class C - flammable gases Class F
- Cooking oil fires
b. Carbon Dioxide type for electrical rooms. (Classes of fire involved: E) Class E •
- Ignition of an electrical nature
Locations and spacing: a. Beside exit and staircase doors. b. Generally located within 20m of any potential hazard.
iv. Smoke control •
3 types: a. pressurization system: to prevent entry of smoke by pressurizing the compartment with air. - N/A b. space depressurization system: to prevent the spread of smoke by extraction. - N/A c. smoke dilution system: to remove the smoke by extraction and make-up of air. – Applied at sub-basement
v. Extinguishment – manual (Hose Reels) •
Location and spacing: a. near exit and staircase doors. b. all spaces are within 36m of a hose reel. c. Hose reel pumps and tanks are located at podium room, level 9
Extinguishment – manual (Hose Reels) •
Automatic sprinkler systems are provided for storage and other types of occupancies where automatic extinguishing system is necessary. (UBBL 226)
•
All areas are provided with sprinkler system except podium car park, transformer rooms, switch gear rooms, lift motor rooms and toilets.
•
Type of system used: wet pipe system where pipe work is charged with water all the times.
•
Sprinkler tanks and pump are provided on podium roof at level 9.
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Extinguishment – automatic (CO2 Extinguishing System) •
system using CO2 are provided in all electrical rooms where water may not be suitable. (UBBL 235)
vi. Fire Lifts •
This building exceeds 18.5m therefore are provided with firemen’s lift. (UBBL 243)
•
Locations and spacing: a. Not more than 61m from the furthermost point of the floor. b. Not more than 61m from the main entrance of the building or the fire control room whichever is nearer.
•
Design requirements: a. Lift capacity is 550kg min b. Lift car platform size is not less than 1.45 sqm. c. Lift car doors are at min 800mm clear in width. d. All fire lifts serve all occupied floors
All fire lifts are located within a protected shaft with fire-fighting access lobby and directly connected to a protected staircase and wet riser. The size of each fire-fighting access lobby is not more than 11 sqm [not less than 5.57 sqm] and is naturally ventilated. The Fire Lift serves on every floor including basement floor. vii. Wet Risers •
Wet risers are provided for this building [topmost floor is above 30.5m from the fire appliance access level. (UBBL 231)
•
Location and spacing: a. Landing valves located within fire access lobbies. b. Provided on every upper floor such that all spaces are within 45m from a landing valve. c. Distance between landing valves on the same floor not to exceed 60m. d. Breeching inlet is not more than 18m from fire appliance access road and not more than 30m from nearest outdoor hydrant. e.
•
Pumps and pipe work: a. Each stack does not exceed 60m calculated from the wet riser pump to the topmost floor that are protected.
•
Wet riser pumps and tanks: a. Wet riser pumps and tanks are located in basement.
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viii. Hydrants •
The proposed building is provided with at least 2 fire hydrants (UBBL 225)
•
Hydrants are located: a. Away from obstructions such as street furniture (benches), phone booth, etc. b. Not less than 2m from adjacent buildings and overhangs. c. Between 610mm to 2400mm from Fire Appliance Access. d. Away from risks of vehicular damage. e. Not more than 90m apart from each other.
•
The proposed building will be served with a total number of 2 hydrants located at a maximum distance of 90m apart
ix. Active systems: Others •
The proposed building is also provided with; a. Emergency lights (UBBL 253 (5)) b. ‘keluar’ signs c. Emergency power system connected to essential power system [including fire lift, alarm panel] (UBBL 253)
7.2.1 Access for Firefighting and Rescue (UBBL 140) A. Protection of stairs and lobbies a) Smoke lobbies (UBBL 196) •
A protected lobby primarily to isolate staircases from smoke infiltration.
b) Fire Fighting Access Lobby (UBBL 229) •
A protected lobby designed for fire-fighting access.
•
All fire-fighting access and smoke lobbies are naturally ventilated. (UBBL 196,197)
c) Ventilation of Stairs (UBBL 198-201) •
All escape staircases are naturally ventilated.
B. Fire Appliance Access •
‘Access Way’ (street, road or open space) is provided as a proportion of the perimeter of the building, with reference to the volume of the building.
•
The proposed building exceeds 7000 cubic meters (125636.79 cubic meter) therefore is provided with fire appliance access in compliance to UBBL 140.
•
The fire access is 6.1m wide island access to the proposed building.
•
The fire access is served with breaching inlets and hydrants.
•
The minimum width of Fire Appliance Access is 6m.
•
The length of largest Fire Appliance Access is 6.1m.
•
The access is served with water from hydrants.
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8.0
PRESENTATION BOARD
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