Scopes Trial 1920’s Page 19
Table of Contents Page 1: Letter from the editor Page 2-5: Letters to the editor Page 6: “Briefing� Page 7: Politics Page 8: World Page 9: Society
Page 10: Economy Page 11-12: Feature Article Page 13: How Entertainment is Page 14: Sports Page 15: 10 Questions with Babe Ruth Page 16: Bibliography
Letter from the editor by Xya Hatley and Maab Osman
Dear Reader, A lot of people feel very strongly about the argument about the teaching of evolution or not. This situation test what you believe in. Some people believe that both religion and science can coexist with each other and can both be a reason of how humans came about. Maybe god put the apes on the earth and they slowly turned into humans as the years went past but we will never know. Some people believe that there can only be one way how humans were made. People who believed that humans were made by apes are called Modernist and they supported John Scoops who got arrested for teaching the theory of evolution which is illegal. There were also people who believed that god made everything on earth including mankind are traditionalists.
Traditionalists stick to what the bible is because for so long they have been taught that the god made everything and Tennessee is a very catholic state so when the theory of evolution came about that made traditionalist scared of losing their old ways. . It started a lot of contervorystit within the state of Tennessee and everywhere else in the U.S. This controversy is the biggest controversy in history because of the outcome and how people reacted to the theories. Everyone is worried that what they are believing in might be the wrong theory to believe in. Some people believed that the evolution theory is an interesting theory about human development just thinking about how we might all have came from monkeys.
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by Sidney Kiersch
Letters to the editor
Dear Editor Let me tell you what’s been happening with the wets and drys. See, the drys support prohibition, and want to make alcohol illegal. They do so because based on the effects alcohol has on family life, traditional values, health, and morality. A lot of dames are supporting this as well, because lots of men are spending their hard-earned dough on their precious giggle water, instead of using it to support their families. The drys had tied patriotism and prohibition together for a lot of their arguments, and because of this, congressional support for outlawing alcohol grew. That sure sounds swell for the drys, because America went dry on January 1, 1920.
But, there’s people who don’t believe in prohibition, there’s a lot of wets who’ll do anything to get a hair of the dog. A lot of them took real good advantage of the Volstead Act, and those saps found doctors who prescribe alcohol for "medical conditions". Most wets made their own giggle water, which they call "bathtub gin". It has a form of ethanol that's poisonous, and often kills whoever drinks the bathtub gin. Also, most of them are getting alcohol illegally now. They're using their hard-earned jack for bootleg from hoods. Also, there's joints that operate in secret, and those who want to get in have to give a password. The term "speakeasy" comes from the fact that that customers have to remain quiet about their precious juice joint, so that law enforcement officials don't find the joint. Notice how crimes and violence is rising more than ever, ever since the law of prohibition was released. It sure isn’t the cat’s pajamas. Sincerely, Emma.
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Letter to the Editor Dear Editor, I very much enjoyed your article on the subject of evolution, and the teachings of it in schools. I also believe that teachers should not become criminals because of the proven science they teach, only because it is against silly laws put forth to save tradition. I think traditionalists need to see the modern view of the world, and the scientific proof that shows that we are a modern species that evolved from the species before, as Darwin saw as natural selection. Traditionalists also take the Bible too seriously and literally, it is meant for believers of the Christian religion to follow and take into account of their own lives, not everyone around them. Teachers should be allowed to teach lessons on Darwin’ s theory of evolution because it has reason and common sense to it, completely unlike the unjustified beliefs and views of Christian fundamentalists of Creationism.
The Scopes Trial is a perfect example for this subject, as it is tested by a teacher and modernist to show how silly the law is, while during the trial they make it about the clash between science vs. religion, and not about his actual crime. In the end, however, people fail to see how foolish it was that the law was in place and Scopes ended up losing in his defense for science and evolution. Either way, modernists still do not care what society thinks or if it approves of their behavior, unlike traditionalists who think the Bible is the literal word of God and should be used and followed. I hope that in the future people will finally see that science is knowledge and truth, and that our children will be able to know how the world became what it is now today because of scientific explanations and theories, Sincerely Sidney Kiersch
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Letters to the editor
Religion vs. science
Dear editor I strongly don't agree that they should not teach or follow a specific religion in the school . america is a free country everyone should believe who they want , I also think that people should listen to the literal word of god and should be used and follow.we christians believe in fundamentalist ,traditions. we are afraid that everything we value is coming to an end , such as our standards of behavior and thinking . many of us pray to god that things stay the same and not change . we believe science and religion conflict. many americans are very skilled at blending old and new .
It's silly how people thought evolution was that we became from monkeys , God created us . we were born from humans . Yes monkeys have some jeans that we have but that doesn't mean we are the same. its also silly how people would get the monkeys dress like us and walk around with them. I Hope that this changes .
By:Maab Osman
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Urban VS Rural Dear Editor, I agree with your article that urban life is better than rural life.City life is much better than rural life because why break your back working on the farm when the city has all new inventions to make your life much easier for you and your back. We now have great inventions for use, like the telephone. Along with the telephone being a great invention, there are also stores available to make purchases, like the telephone, on almost every corner. The telephone is a great invention because usually you would have to write a letter, or travel to tell someone something, but now with the city's new inventions you can talk anywhere in the city. Another reason why moving to the city is a good idea is because when you move to the city, you have the opportunity to purchase an automobile or take an airplane to a destination, making traveling much easier. Typically you have to ride a horse to get somewhere in rural life, but now you can cut your traveling time in half in the city. City life is much better due to all of the new inventions we have here. So why not move to the city where you can have the latest inventions that will make your life much easier rather than breaking your back with the hard ways of the rural life.
Dear Editor,
I agree with your statement about how urban areas are better than rural areas. Urban areas have more areas for immigrant to live. They have ghettos that have houses for cheap which would help immigrants that don’t not a lot of money other than the rural areas which you would drive immigrates to get a loan and get into debt for trying to get a house in a rural area. Urban areas have a lot of activities you could do too like go to a jazz club, go see a play on broadway, go to the movies, and many more. Rural areas don’t have a lot of fun things to do and if you want to do anything you would have to travel a long way. Urban areas have more jobs for people who are looking for them. These jobs would help people support their families, get out of poverty, and many more. Urban areas also have more updated things like cars, buildings, clothes, ecthan the rural areas that barely have any jobs for people and is not as updated as urban a treas. Living in an Urban area is the greatst thing ever.
Sincerely, Xya Hatley
Sincerely, Noah Meints
An Urban city in the 1920’s.
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Briefing “Pleasure was the colour of the time.” -Harold Clurman
“A day without laughter is a day wasted.” -Charlie Chaplin.
“Don’t mistaken my kindness for weakness, I am kind to everyone, but when someone is unkind to me, weak is not what you are going to remember about me.” -Al Capone, American gangster.
“Every strike brings me closer to the next home run.” -Babe Ruth
“If you wear a short enough skirt the party will come to you.” -Dorthey Parker
“Here’s to Alcohol, The rose coloured glasses of life” -F. Scott Fitzgerald
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by Sidney Kiersch
Politics After WWI by Sidney Kiersch Warren G. Harding, President of the United States from March 1921 to August 1923, knew that after World War I, the last thing the people of America needed was anything out of the ordinary. He knew the people just wanted some peace and quiet. He made the campaign promise to get the U.S. “back to normalcy” was because he wanted to assure the people that things will be back to normal under his presidency, like their lives as they were prewar. President Calvin Coolidge, who was also Harding’s vice president, worked towards normalcy and peace by pushing for the reduction of corporate taxes, income taxes, and inheritance taxes. Inheritance taxes are taxes on assets that are received from people who have died. He also helped the best he could by also cutting his own White House budget. He did so with little changes, such as less towels in the bathrooms.
Harding’s inauguration began the Republican Era, which lasted through the 1920’s. During his presidential term, he committed to the free enterprise system, also known as capitalism, and created the fiscal policy. By doing those things, he was supporting a better economic system which characterized the ownership of property, competition for profits, and the forces of supply and demand to produce needed goods and services and that discourages government regulation.
Herbert Hoover also made contributions to the peace and prosperity of the U.S. post WWI, such as believing in promoting business, encouraging what he called “associationalism,” involving bring leaders of the industry together to improve economic efficiency.
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World After the war WW1 had left the american people disillusioned and distrustful foreigners. the refusal of congress to rectify the 1991 versailles peace treaty was the first indication of the persuasive isolationism that way to characterize the 1920s.
Made a plan in (1924) the dats scared . Reparations obligations to the allied nations , for five years . Republicans selected dawes to dent calvin coolidge . In 1925 dawson the nobel peace prize for his contribution to the plan .
The dawes plan Willson a punitive peace against Germany that required heavy reparations payments . Germany stopped paying reparations in 1923. German , France , Great Britain , Italy and other nations were unable to repay their debts to united state . U.S compounded the international (1922).
Many americans settlers turned their backs to europe because of religions persecution or poverty . the arrived in america in search a better world .
By:Maab Osman
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The Society of the U.S. Today by Sidney Kiersch
The society of the 1920’s is changing for the better, and will affect the United States for years to come. The young people of today are more daring and pushing the limits than generations before them. An example of a more daring young person would be a flapper, a young woman with bobbed hair and wears short skirts, who drinks and smokes and says things that are considered “unladylike.� Equality amongst gender difference is becoming better and better each day. Today, more Americans live in cities rather than farms.Great economic growth brought a consumer society to Americans that is unfamiliar. Because of this, people all across the country are now buying the same products, listening to the same music, doing the same dances, and using the same slang terms.
American women have more freedom than ever this decade, securing the right to vote nationally back in 1920. With more and better job opportunities for them these days, they can afford to be a bigger part of this new consumer society. The job of being a stay-at-home mother or wife is becoming easier with many new machines and technologies that have come out, such as the washing machine and vacuum cleaner, which has made housework for these women more simpler and less time consuming. Americans now have more and extra money to spend with rising incomes and minimum wage, and popular buys today are ready-to-wear clothing, radios, and home appliances like electric refrigerators. A product that is growing in importance is the automobile, with low and affordable prices, along with generous credit. The Ford Model T as of today is only $650, so many are able to buy this product that is practically a necessity.
A group of young flappers walking down the street
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The Economy Of Today by Emma Dochterman
There’s lots of new things everyday, some that aren’t so good, and some that are ab-so-lute-ly the berries. Consumer credit, which is making a consumer economy. What started consumer credit was advertising and now people are using hotsy-totsy things called credit cards. They can use it to buy stuff without using their dough yet, which sure is the berries. But the thing is, we can’t and never stop buying, can we? Companies are encouraging us to keep buying their things, all through advertising. And their sales are being helped by catalogs, mail orders, and chain department stores. But is the stock market good or bad? Before this mighty swell decade began, people saw the stock market as a place for long term investment. People see the stock market as a way to get a lot of jack, and those held onto stocks for a long period of time were the most successful.
Farmers, African Americans, and immigrants do not share in the prosperity of our decade. The African Americans have a low standard of living and very low opportunities. Lots of families from the south moved to the north for jobs and work, and many African Americans moved too, as well as to escape racism and racial violence from the south. Immigrants suffer from restrictive laws, and lots of jobs limit the number of people from areas that are allowed to immigrate to the US. There’s a huge hostility towards them, and it makes it hard for them to get a job. Greed and overconfidence pushed trading to frenzy. On October 24, 1924, prices plummeted and $4 billion dollars had been lost. Tons of businesses failed, banks closed, lots of people lost their jobs, people in the stock market had been wiped out. This is the beginning of a problem in our decade, known as “The Great Depression.”
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Feature Article-The Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial is a trial held in Tennessee in 1925. It was held for John Scopes, a substitute teacher who was arrested for teaching about evolution in school. Evolution is a theory by scientist Charles Darwin, that said humans have evolved over the course of many years from lower animals, including monkeys. Lots of Christians didn’t believe him because they said God created the human race. The law to make teaching of evolution illegal was challenged by the American Civil Liberties Union. The ACLU provided publicity, legal advice, and help for the challenge of the Butler Act. John Scopes was fined $100 on May 9th, and his trial began in July 1925. The crimes that John Scopes was committed of was breaking the Tennessee Butler Act, which states it is unlawful for educators in schools “to teach any theory that denies the story of divine creation as taught by the Bible and to teach instead that man was descended from a lower order of animals.” This was exactly what George Rappelyea planned with Scopes to do, and what he was accused and convicted of. The Tennessee General Assembly made the teachings of evolution a crime with penalty, being less cautious than they would in any other case, which applied to Scopes, fined $100 as a penalty of his crime. Modernists believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution, and unlike Christian fundamentalists and traditionalists, no longer care if society approves of their behavior. The struggle between the two groups, modernists and traditionalists, and their points of view and beliefs has led to a wave of religious revivalism, especially in the American south. Modernists embrace the concepts of evolution and natural selection, and the process of it that the most favorable adaptations of species to their environment, with all plants and animals, including the human species.
Modernists believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution, and unlike Christian fundamentalists and traditionalists, no longer care if society approves of their behavior. The struggle between the two groups, modernists and traditionalists, and their points of view and beliefs has led to a wave of religious revivalism, especially in the American south. Modernists embrace the concepts of evolution and natural selection, and the process of it that the most favorable adaptations of species to their environment, with all plants and animals, including the human species. Traditionalists and Christian fundamentalists are supporters of AntiDarwinism, and believe in creationism, that God created the universe and the human race. The idea of Anti-Darwinism is common as of the spring of 1923, with 6 state legislatures considering such legislation. Only 2 states ended up with such a law, Florida and Oklahoma, finally adopting anti-evolution measures, along with Tennessee and the Butler Act 2 years later in 1925. William Jennings Bryan, a supporter of creationism and the Christian fundamentalist viewpoint. He argued against evolution before and in the duration of Scopes’ trial.
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How people felt the evolution theory looks like. One person who was in the argument about the teaching of evolution was William Jennings Bryan.William Jennings Bryan is a traditionalist who is against the teaching of evolution who is a populist and leds a fundamentalist crusade to banish the teaching of the evolution theory to americans. He felt that the evolution undermined traditional values that he supported and worried that the theory was being used by supporters of growing eugenics movements that was advocating sterilization of inferior stoke. On the other hand George Rappelyea is a Modernist who is for the evolution theory. He was 31 years old and believed that both science and religion could coexist with each other. He also convinced people including the school superintendent that a trial would be a worry of putting the town on the map and he didn’t want that. For any trial to take place there always has to be an issue with a law, and for the Scopes case the law was the Butler Law. In this law it stated that the teachings of the theory of evolution or any theory at all that didn’t go by the story of creation of man taught in the Bible. This law wasn’t permitted in Universities or in any public school in the State. The reason for Scopes Trial was to try to test this law.
Even though the trial had failed it’s main purpose, it had some ups too. It was thought out to be one of the century’s greatest trial and got so much media publicity and caught the eyes and attention from so much people. It was also the start of the controversy of the theory of evolution. In the future people are going to be thinking about the Scopes and Trails differently . Technology is changing everything. Lots of people are already thinking that this is silly. Yes monkeys have similar genes to humans, but that doesn't mean that were the same . People should not bring monkeys and make them dress like human and bring them to public.
A newspaper article about the Scopes Trial
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Delicious and long lasting flavor!
Chew after every meal for fresh breath and a healthy mouth! by Sidney Kiersch
How Entertainment is by Xya Hatley Entertainment is the berries. We have found more ways to entertain ourselves like Jazz music, movies, dance, the harlem renaissance, and the radio. Jazz came from blacks who mixed their music with their traditions and spirituals and brought it the New Orleans where it quickly spread to the North when they migrated up there. Jazz became so big that jazz clubs came popping up everywhere and I would alway go have a duck’s quack. One of my favorite jazz players is Louis Armstrong who is well- know around here, just ask your neighbor. Movies really started to devolve and become more popular after they started to make talking pictures. Many people would go see silent and talking movies. Girls would take their little umbrellas to go see them and it brought a lot of people together. (over 100 million people. Dancing really changed for everyone especially for flappers. There are new dances called the the shimmy, charleston, and the fox-trot which are very popular now. These new faces made flappers turn into weed and brought new ideas to dance. The fox-trot made couples dance so close that their cheeks are touching each other, shocking right because back in my mom’s days they couldn’t be that close. The charleston
A flapper (dancer) doing the popular dance the Charleston.
Louis Armstrong, a well- known jazz player in the 1920’s. became popular after people started to see it in an african american play on running wild. The Charleston is when you put your hands on your knees and you start to switch hands on your knees. Something else that is big is dance marathons because they are the frog's eyebrows. The Rado brought the world into homes everywhere. They are a great way of getting an egg harbor in our homes.. The Chase and Sanborn hour is a popular radio show we listen to that broadcast music, sports, and news on the simple crystal set one. Radio is getting more and more popular so there has been some improvements to it that makes it even better than it is. It makes everyone happy even fire alarms. One of the best things that ever happened was the Harlem Renaissance.The Harlem Renaissance was a new style of writing music, art, and dance brought by blacks in one community in New York. Langston Hughes is the leader of the renaissance and a poet/ author. By him leading the harlem renaissance he helped black students graduate with high honors especially black women who was a tomato. The harlem renaissance reshaped how blacks felt about their culture and made them embrace it. I’ m goofy about Entertainment in the 1920’s.
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Babe Ruth and Spectator Sports Everybody is talking about George Herman “Babe” Ruth Jr. The hard-boiled man has a love for a zest life, and his dramatic rise from humble beginnings makes him impossible not to chat about. He is an incredibly humble man, not letting the dough he makes change his personality. The Babe makes the game incredibly more exciting. He makes hitting home-runs a more common part of the game. The man has already broken the record for most bases on balls and home-runs hit in a season. Babe Ruth has become incredibly famous and a national icon. America wants to know everything about this man and his fellow athletes. He’s attracted so many fans they nicknamed the 1923 Yankee Stadium “The house Ruth built.”
The Babe has immensely helped the growth of spectator sports. Much of American’s leisure time and dough is now being spent on watching good ol’ ball games around the country. Major League Baseball teams are gaining many loyal fans, especially the Yankees. Another aspect greatly affecting spectator sports mass media. Millions of Americans tune in to radio broadcasts to listen to the announcer upchuck as much information about what is happening as he possibly can. Magazines and newspapers all across the country are advertising big games and giving final results of yesterday’ s big game.
By:Noah Meints Picture of Babe Ruth
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Interview with Babe Ruth Did you really call the home run in Game 3 of the 1932 World Series? I sure did. I let pitcher Charlie Root know that I was going to hit his next pitch right out of the park.
What were your feelings when your contract was sold by the Red Sox to the Yankees? Boston was good to me and I felt let down some, but I am glad that Colonel Ruppert would put up with all that just to get me.
What do you consider your best year? Oh, 1927, the year I hit 60 homers. They didn't think I could break my own record, but I showed them. What do you consider your greatest accomplishment? Pitching 29 consecutive scoreless innings in the World Series was pretty special. You've had many nicknames. Which one is your favorite? Nicknames is a big part of the game, and I like all the ones coming my way: Sultan of Swat, the Bambino, King of Swing. But Babe is the one I like the most. Lots of players eat different food before and even during games. What did you like to eat?
What do you think about the new Yankee Stadium? As long as they keep that short porch in right field I feel pretty good about it. Who is the toughest pitcher you hit against? In 1922, a young lefty named Hub Pruett came to Yankees stadium and I had a heck of a time. He struck me out 10 of the first 14 times I faced him. Were you happy switching from pitcher to hitter? Had you stayed a pitcher, how many games do you think you could have won? Oh, I don't know. Plenty more, that's for sure. I love to pitch more than anything. But swinging big is what I do best, and I don't blame them for the switch.
Every game I would make sure I had my baseball six-pack; a half-dozen hot dogs with mustard and onions! Any thoughts on the whole steroids era? Well, the only performance enhancer I ever take is soda, which gets me to the ballpark ready to play.
Babe Ruth “King of Swing�
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