100 Scientists Who Made History

Page 108

Computing creatives GENIUSES who revolutionized the world of computing There aren’t many areas of modern life that haven’t been changed by computers. In the world of computer science, these gifted geeks were trailblazers.

Ada Lovelace The daughter of poet Lord Byron, Ada Lovelace developed a passion for mathematics as a child. After meeting British mathematician Charles Babbage in 1833, she wrote detailed notes about his calculating machine, the Analytical Engine. She then created a set of instructions, or an algorithm, to make the machine perform different functions. By doing this, she became the world’s FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER.

w kno apped u o r y Did moth got t opper a ,H After computer rm “bug” in a d the te r glitch. coine compute for a

Grace Murray Hopper

American Grace Murray Hopper began working with computers when she joined the United States Navy in 1943. She believed that programming should be accessible to all, so she created FLOW-MATIC, the world’s first programming language to use ENGLISH WORDS instead of mathematical symbols. This led to the development of COBOL, and laid the groundwork for languages such as Scratch and Python. 108


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Acknowledgments

13min
page 128

Index

4min
page 127

Let’s applaud

3min
pages 124-125

Glossary

2min
page 126

Communicators

1min
pages 122-123

Rachel Carson

1min
page 121

Ali Javan

0
page 120

Alfred Nobel

2min
pages 118-119

Alan Turing

2min
pages 116-117

Joseph Lister

2min
pages 114-115

Wilhelm Röntgen

0
page 110

C V Raman

0
page 111

Computing creatives Ada Lovelace

1min
pages 108-109

Nikola Tesla

2min
pages 112-113

Rudolf Diesel

1min
page 107

James Watt

0
page 106

Stephen Hawking

2min
pages 102-105

Vera Rubin

2min
pages 100-101

Edwin Hubble

2min
pages 98-99

Quantum physicists James Chadwick

2min
pages 96-97

Penzias and Wilson

2min
pages 94-95

Albert Einstein

2min
pages 90-91

J Robert Oppenheimer

2min
pages 92-93

Ernest Rutherford

2min
pages 88-89

James Clerk Maxwell

2min
pages 86-87

Isaac Newton

2min
pages 84-85

Edmond Halley

1min
page 82

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

1min
page 83

Nicolaus Copernicus

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page 77

Christiaan Huygens

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page 81

Galileo Galilei

2min
pages 78-79

Johannes Kepler

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page 80

Leonardo da Vinci

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page 76

Barbara McClintock

2min
pages 72-75

Alice Ball

2min
pages 68-69

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

2min
pages 70-71

The Curies

2min
pages 66-67

Inventive chemists

1min
pages 64-65

Dmitri Mendeleev

2min
pages 62-63

Louis Pasteur

2min
pages 60-61

Michael Faraday

2min
pages 58-59

Alessandro Volta

2min
pages 56-57

Joseph Priestley

0
page 55

Joseph Black

1min
page 54

Robert Boyle

2min
pages 52-53

Medical masterminds

2min
pages 48-51

Charles David Keeling

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page 47

Inge Lehmann

2min
pages 44-45

James Lovelock

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page 46

Franklin, Crick and Watson

2min
pages 42-43

Alexander Fleming

2min
pages 40-41

Thomas Hunt Morgan

1min
page 39

Nettie Stevens

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page 38

Gregor Mendel

2min
pages 36-37

Seeing things Alhazen

2min
pages 30-31

Charles Darwin

2min
pages 34-35

Robert Hooke

0
page 32

Mary Anning

0
page 29

Fibonacci

2min
pages 22-23

Hildegard of Bingen

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page 28

Averroës

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page 21

Zhang Heng

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page 16

Avicenna

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page 20

Hippocrates

2min
pages 14-15

Al-Khwˉarizmˉı

2min
pages 18-19

Aristotle

2min
pages 8-9

Claudius Galen

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page 17

Greek greats Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus

1min
pages 10-11

Archimedes

2min
pages 12-13
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