100 Scientists Who Made History

Page 120

Guiding light Javan was born in Tehran, the capital of Iran, but moved to the USA after World War II. He earned a PhD in physics from Columbia University in 1954. Years of study and research resulted in his invention of the world’s first GAS LASER in 1960. This instrument carries an electric current through a gas to produce a strong light. Javan’s gas laser was the first laser to generate a constant beam of light.

Ali Javan

The LEADING LIGHT whose invention shone across all areas of science

Javan’s gas laser

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Javan was awarded the Frederic Ives Medal in 1975.

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Hall of fame

120

Javan was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until the end of his career. He made major breakthroughs in different fields of physics, and established the USA’s FIRST RESEARCH BASE for laser technology. A lifetime with lasers resulted in many awards, including entry in the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.


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Articles inside

Acknowledgments

13min
page 128

Index

4min
page 127

Let’s applaud

3min
pages 124-125

Glossary

2min
page 126

Communicators

1min
pages 122-123

Rachel Carson

1min
page 121

Ali Javan

0
page 120

Alfred Nobel

2min
pages 118-119

Alan Turing

2min
pages 116-117

Joseph Lister

2min
pages 114-115

Wilhelm Röntgen

0
page 110

C V Raman

0
page 111

Computing creatives Ada Lovelace

1min
pages 108-109

Nikola Tesla

2min
pages 112-113

Rudolf Diesel

1min
page 107

James Watt

0
page 106

Stephen Hawking

2min
pages 102-105

Vera Rubin

2min
pages 100-101

Edwin Hubble

2min
pages 98-99

Quantum physicists James Chadwick

2min
pages 96-97

Penzias and Wilson

2min
pages 94-95

Albert Einstein

2min
pages 90-91

J Robert Oppenheimer

2min
pages 92-93

Ernest Rutherford

2min
pages 88-89

James Clerk Maxwell

2min
pages 86-87

Isaac Newton

2min
pages 84-85

Edmond Halley

1min
page 82

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

1min
page 83

Nicolaus Copernicus

0
page 77

Christiaan Huygens

0
page 81

Galileo Galilei

2min
pages 78-79

Johannes Kepler

0
page 80

Leonardo da Vinci

0
page 76

Barbara McClintock

2min
pages 72-75

Alice Ball

2min
pages 68-69

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

2min
pages 70-71

The Curies

2min
pages 66-67

Inventive chemists

1min
pages 64-65

Dmitri Mendeleev

2min
pages 62-63

Louis Pasteur

2min
pages 60-61

Michael Faraday

2min
pages 58-59

Alessandro Volta

2min
pages 56-57

Joseph Priestley

0
page 55

Joseph Black

1min
page 54

Robert Boyle

2min
pages 52-53

Medical masterminds

2min
pages 48-51

Charles David Keeling

0
page 47

Inge Lehmann

2min
pages 44-45

James Lovelock

0
page 46

Franklin, Crick and Watson

2min
pages 42-43

Alexander Fleming

2min
pages 40-41

Thomas Hunt Morgan

1min
page 39

Nettie Stevens

0
page 38

Gregor Mendel

2min
pages 36-37

Seeing things Alhazen

2min
pages 30-31

Charles Darwin

2min
pages 34-35

Robert Hooke

0
page 32

Mary Anning

0
page 29

Fibonacci

2min
pages 22-23

Hildegard of Bingen

0
page 28

Averroës

0
page 21

Zhang Heng

0
page 16

Avicenna

0
page 20

Hippocrates

2min
pages 14-15

Al-Khwˉarizmˉı

2min
pages 18-19

Aristotle

2min
pages 8-9

Claudius Galen

0
page 17

Greek greats Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus

1min
pages 10-11

Archimedes

2min
pages 12-13
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