100 Scientists Who Made History

Page 86

k r e l C s e Jam l l e w x a M d the e t a e r c o h w t is ysic The Scottish ph ROMAGNETISM, theory of ELECT adio and television for r paving the way

This giant of physics revolutionized science when he united the fields of electricity and magnetism in one theory.

that Maxwell showed and both magnetism s of form electricity are tic fields. electromagne

axwell’s In the 1980s, Maturn’s theory about S d correct rings was prove spacecraft. by the Voyager

Maxwell’s equations

Inquisitive mind Curious as a child, James Clerk Maxwell published his first scientific paper at the age of 14. In 1856, he published a major ESSAY ON SATURN’S RINGS. Scientists had long struggled to understand why they didn’t break up or move apart. Using mathematics, Maxwell suggested they were neither entirely solid nor a fluid, but made up of lots of separate parts.

Maxwell’s most famous discovery was that electricity and magnetism are essentially two aspects of the same force. He also showed that electric and magnetic fields travel through space in the form of waves, and that light is a type of electromagnetic wave. His FOUR MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS, which describe the behaviour of electric and magnetic fields and how they interact with matter, are ow? id you knin was D considered a cornerstone Albert Einste xwell and of modern physics. pired by Ma

ins raph of him had a photog dy wall. on his stu

Who came before... A link between electricity and magnetism was found in 1820 by Danish physicist Hans CHristian Oersted, who showed that electricity flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet. 86

The electromagnet was invented in 1825 by English electrical engineer William sturgeOn. This led to the development of the telegraph in the 1830s, the first step in electric telecommunications.


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Articles inside

Acknowledgments

13min
page 128

Index

4min
page 127

Let’s applaud

3min
pages 124-125

Glossary

2min
page 126

Communicators

1min
pages 122-123

Rachel Carson

1min
page 121

Ali Javan

0
page 120

Alfred Nobel

2min
pages 118-119

Alan Turing

2min
pages 116-117

Joseph Lister

2min
pages 114-115

Wilhelm Röntgen

0
page 110

C V Raman

0
page 111

Computing creatives Ada Lovelace

1min
pages 108-109

Nikola Tesla

2min
pages 112-113

Rudolf Diesel

1min
page 107

James Watt

0
page 106

Stephen Hawking

2min
pages 102-105

Vera Rubin

2min
pages 100-101

Edwin Hubble

2min
pages 98-99

Quantum physicists James Chadwick

2min
pages 96-97

Penzias and Wilson

2min
pages 94-95

Albert Einstein

2min
pages 90-91

J Robert Oppenheimer

2min
pages 92-93

Ernest Rutherford

2min
pages 88-89

James Clerk Maxwell

2min
pages 86-87

Isaac Newton

2min
pages 84-85

Edmond Halley

1min
page 82

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

1min
page 83

Nicolaus Copernicus

0
page 77

Christiaan Huygens

0
page 81

Galileo Galilei

2min
pages 78-79

Johannes Kepler

0
page 80

Leonardo da Vinci

0
page 76

Barbara McClintock

2min
pages 72-75

Alice Ball

2min
pages 68-69

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

2min
pages 70-71

The Curies

2min
pages 66-67

Inventive chemists

1min
pages 64-65

Dmitri Mendeleev

2min
pages 62-63

Louis Pasteur

2min
pages 60-61

Michael Faraday

2min
pages 58-59

Alessandro Volta

2min
pages 56-57

Joseph Priestley

0
page 55

Joseph Black

1min
page 54

Robert Boyle

2min
pages 52-53

Medical masterminds

2min
pages 48-51

Charles David Keeling

0
page 47

Inge Lehmann

2min
pages 44-45

James Lovelock

0
page 46

Franklin, Crick and Watson

2min
pages 42-43

Alexander Fleming

2min
pages 40-41

Thomas Hunt Morgan

1min
page 39

Nettie Stevens

0
page 38

Gregor Mendel

2min
pages 36-37

Seeing things Alhazen

2min
pages 30-31

Charles Darwin

2min
pages 34-35

Robert Hooke

0
page 32

Mary Anning

0
page 29

Fibonacci

2min
pages 22-23

Hildegard of Bingen

0
page 28

Averroës

0
page 21

Zhang Heng

0
page 16

Avicenna

0
page 20

Hippocrates

2min
pages 14-15

Al-Khwˉarizmˉı

2min
pages 18-19

Aristotle

2min
pages 8-9

Claudius Galen

0
page 17

Greek greats Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus

1min
pages 10-11

Archimedes

2min
pages 12-13
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