1920’s magazine final

The Roaring 1920’s

By: Logan, Jessie, Abby, Emina, Olivia, Serenity

Table Of Contents Impact of sports by Abby Zimmerman.…page 2 Impact of Celebrities by Olivia Moor….page 3 Impact of communication by Logan McNeal....page 4 Impact of Music by Emina Abdagic.…page 5 Racial Tensions by Jessica Skopec….page 6 Dating by Serenity Hopkins….page 7 19th Amendment by Abby Zimmerman.…page 9 The Scopes Trial by Olivia Moore....page 10 The 18th Amendment by Logan McNeal....page 11 Immigration Tensions by Emina Abdagic….page 12 Post-War Tensions by Jessica Skopec….page 13 American Civil Liberties by Serenity Hopkins.…page 14 Henry Ford/assembly lines/mass production by Abby Zimmerman….page 16 Advertising by Olivia Moore....page 17 Transportation by Logan McNeal….page 18 Consumerism by Emina Abdagic….page 19 Post-war economics/unemployment by Jessica Skopec.…page 20 Credit/Installment Buying by Serenity Hopkins....page 21

Impact of Sports The 1920s was a stepping stone for many by many Americans from all ages and new forms of entertainment such as film, social classes. Jack Dempsey an American music, and sports. During this time sports boxer, helped attract and expose many more people to boxing. The reigning U.S. was second to movies as America’s favorite form of entertainment. Labeled as heavyweight champion was most known for his fights against Georges Carpentier the “Golden Age of Sports”, many personalities and epic-making events from and Gene Tunney which together racked various sports dominated the years. Sports in a total of around 4.5 million dollars.

Gertude Ederle, an American swimmer, like baseball, football, boxing, and wrestling attracted many new fans. These not only shocked the world in 1926 when she became the first women to swim the sports not only gave Americans new English Channel, but she also beat the heroes but also helped the economy.

The increase in free time and mass media men’s record by nearly two hours. The also helped gain public interest in sports. most famous out of all the athletes in this Because of the increase in free time from era was none other than the greatest player the five-day work week and the eight-hour that ever lived, Babe Ruth. The “Sultan of work day Americans had more time to Swat” broke records and attracted many pursue other interests. It was estimated new fans to the New York Yankees but to that one fourth of the nation’s income was game of baseball in general. spent on play and recreation, some of this By: Abby Zimmerman money went to spectator sports. Also new forms of radio broadcasts were available that featured popular sporting events.

People who use to not have time to go to the game could now listen to their favorite teams on the radio.

Along with sports came personalities.

People like Gertude Ederle, Jack Dempsey, and the infamous Babe Ruth were idolized

Impact of Celebrities

ď‚– models for young girls. More and More In the 1920s the new eight hour women were participating in sports. work week and five hour work day allowed Americans to have more time Sports stars in the 1920s became for entertainment. With more free time household names that are still popular today. and the wide spread of popular culture, people all over the country By: Olivia Moore were able to find common interest in celebrities. Whether they were movie stars or sports heroes, celebrities of the 1920s had a huge impact on pop culture. They helped start new fashions and ways of life.

Movie attendance skyrocketed in the 1920s. Ticket sale income more than double from $301 million in 1921, to $721 million in 1929. Movie stars such as Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford inspired new fashions and hair styles.

They contributed to frequent changes in pop culture. Movie stars also always had to be good looking. This led to the start of the cosmetic businesses.

Sports were another source of celebrities. Fans flooded into baseball and football stadiums, just to watch their favorite player. Babe Ruth was the most popular sport star of the time. He made the sport of baseball even more popular. Female athletes became role

Impact of communication During the 1920’s

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If you think about how popular our share ideas and thoughts about different subjects. Regional electronics are today then just differences that had ones divided imagine the same popularity over something we take for granted every other states from receiving day. Radio, print media, and motion information soon started to get the pictures are what impacted the way same information as other states.

This helped our country by bringing people communicated during the people together.

1920’s.

Think of the way movies are made Think about the way the radio is today and how they bring people today, lots of channels, variety of together. During the 1920’s the first music being played, and different motion pictures were made, a lot of talk shows. During the 1920’s the radio was completely different the them did not have sound like we have in movies today. Motion reason is because the music that could be played was strictly jazz or pictures also helped shape the way classical and there weren’t as many people thought about life. Motion pictures allowed people channels as there are today. The reason radio was so popular during entertainment that was not costly and close to home. the 1920’s was because it was something brand new. It also All of these things helped to shape allowed people to hear about events our country into what it is today. without actually going there or Many of the things they used to reading about it. When radio really communicate with we still use today. started to become popular sales rose By: Logan Mcneal from $2 million a year in sales to $600 million in sales. Radio is still around today so that sums up just how much we rely on the radio.

Think about how many magazines and newspapers you have in your home, you proudly have quit a few.

Well during the 1920’s print media was what helped shape the way people dressed, acted, and lived there daily lives. Print media is what brought our country together to

Racial Tensions

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During the 1920s the Klu Klux Klan students could attend. Asians were was at an all-time high, at 4 million barred from becoming U.S. citizens, members. The KKK was against and from owning land. Asians were Catholics, Jewish, African-Americans, also banned from marrying whites. and foreign born people. World War 1 There were many racial tensions in the helped promote the KKK by rejected 1920s, proving that not everyone was the League of Nations which meant having a good time. that the United States was 100% By: Jessie Skopec Americanism. The KKK would brand, feather and tar, blackmail, whip, kidnap, and murder anyone in the groups they targeted.

Many African-Americans thought that after the war things would be better for them, because they helped serve the country. However, when they got back lynch mobs were formed, and more than 70 blacks were murdered.

This gave the feeling to some people that they would never be treated right, so they followed the Back to Africa Movement led by Marcus Garvey. This was a movement that transported people back to Africa so they could be treated fairly again. Although AfricanAmericans were targeted the most, they weren’t the only group affected.

In a lot of communities Jewish people could not rent apartments, or apply for jobs. They also wouldn’t be allowed into some colleges, because there was a limit on how many Jewish

1920’s Dating Young vs. Old

 Before WW1 women never worked or did older generation wasn’t so happy about this anything for themselves they never left the new change and many banned their children house and were expected to stay home slave from this. over the hot stove all day and take care of the By: Serenity Hopkins children well that’s all going to change.

Now that the war was over everyone expected thing to go back to normal well that didn’t happen the faces of things changed especially dating. Before there were arranged marriages, the young man would court the lady they would have dinner at the parents’ house and the young couple would be aloud out of the house only for a couple minutes.

Traditional pure, innocent, woman were chased but not when the flappers stepped onto the scene the demolished this old tradition, flappers wore short dresses , cut their hair, kissed their boyfriends out in public, smoked, drank and sat behind the wheels of fast cars.

There was no need to be arranged to marry anyone anymore dating came along with the new tradition as well as blind dates. Marriage rates went down and divorce rates went up, suddenly everyone you knew was dating men were picking up the girls in shiny new fords and taking you to jazz shows. Woman started to shape the dating scene, now instead of being skinny they wanted the “hourglass’ figure, with that there was also in increase in sexual activities which lead to birth control founded by Margaret Sanger. Least to say the

Harlem Stomp and all that jazz!

 In the wonderful roaring 1920’s jazz jazz music with them (while they moved) soon it spread around and music was a way to call people, to brush their troubles off and dance on. started to become more popular and a The quick upbeat music made people part of Americas culture. feel different from classical music, “That sweet, sweet sound of jazz, although not everyone approved of the mhm.” upbeat jazz. Older Americans thought By: Emina Abdagic that classical was better and held its morals while jazz had loose morals. But that didn’t stop the jazz loving people even when acts were passed to try to stop the jazz.

Soon jazz was America’s music and spread around different parts of America! Soon the Charleston came along and was popular in use of dancing to all that jazz. Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong was a jazz genius for his great trumpet playing.

Louis Armstrong was nicknamed “Satchmo” because he had a big mouth, but was a genius in trumpet playing.

All sorts of people would come into a club and be able to hear the booming sound of jazz to their own ears and feel free. Eventually most AfricanAmericans left and moved to a different part of America hoping they could find more jobs. While bringing

The impact of the 19th Amendment in the 1920s

 vote On June 4, 1919 The 19th marched, and lobbied, to achieve what Amendment was passed, giving all was considered a drastic change at the women the right to vote. Ever since the time. Some people were annoyed by U.S was founded, men always had these supporters. Sometimes more rights than women; some people supporters were mocked, put in jail, wanted to change that. In 1848, and even physically abused. In the end Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia the struggle was all worth it, in 1920, Mott organized a convention in Seneca which marked the first election where Falls, New York. This convention women. sparked interest in women’s rights, By: Abby Zimmerman especially in women’s suffrage on a national level.

From 1878 when women’s suffrage was first introduced, to 1920 when the 19th amendment was ratified, women worked tirelessly for more rights. The problem was that different organizations had different ideas. Some organizations tried to pass a suffrage act in each state. Others challenged male voting laws in court. It wasn’t until 1916, that most suffrage organizations agreed that a constitutional amendment was the best way to go.

Over time people were willing to do anything to achieve women’s suffrage. Supporters started using more public tactics. These included parades, silent vigils, and hunger strikes. Others lectured, wrote,

John Scopes Trial

 July 10, 1925 marked the beginning of the jury only nine minutes to find the a trial between science and religion. It defendant guilty, and Scopes was charged a $100 fine. John Scopes did was the first day of the John Scopes not testify during the trial but in the Trial in the small town of Dayton, end he did say, “I feel that I have been Tennessee. Starting out as a way to convicted of violating an unjust statute. protest a law and attract attention to I will continue in the future, as I have the town, John’s Trial turned into a in the past, to oppose this law in any nationwide battle between belief in way I can. Any other action would be evolution and belief in the bible. It in violation of my ideal of academic further separated the modernist and freedom.” traditionalist perspectives.

By: Olivia Moore John Thomas Scopes was a twentyfour year old science teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. Tennessee was the first state to pass the Butler Act which made the teaching of evolution illegal. Scopes, along with many other modernists disagreed with the Butler Act. As way to protest the law, Scopes agreed to teach a lesson over Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. The American Civil Liberties Union also agreed to defend Scopes before he was arrested.

By now, the whole country was following the John Scopes Trial. It took

Prohibition During the 1920’s/ 18th Amendment

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Can you imagine a world where were against it but by 1932 this nobody is allowed to have a sip of number was turned upside down. alcohol or buy and sell alcohol well Three out of four Americans wanted during the 1920’s you wouldn’t have prohibition to end. to imagine it, it was a reality? Before Finally after a lot of fuss the world war one twenty-six states had government repealed the 18th voted themselves “dry” or alcohol amendment and the Volstead act. At free. After World War 1 many the end of the prohibition our country Americans wanted America to be was at the start of going into a “dry” because they believed that depression. What people thought alcohol lead to violence and a bad prohibition would do never happened economy. instead of lowering crime rates it December 17th, 1917 the 18th increased the rates and the economy amendment was created. This was effected greatly which lead to the amendment made it illegal to buy, sell, great depression. or transport hard liquor. Many were By: Logan Mcneal happy about this thinking that it would help our country’s economy and cut down on violence. Further down the road the Volstead act was put into place to Bann anything with and alcohol level over 1%, this meant that people could not drink beer or wines this lead to a lot of violence and civilians breaking the law. In 1922 a magazine called the literary digest conducted an annual poll of supporters for prohibition. When the pole first started about 80% of people were in support and only about 20%

Immigration

 Amazing how many people were attracted to immigrate to the United States each year. Between 1905 and 1914, a million people a year have immigrated to the United States although, during WWI the immigration percentage dropped sharply.

1928, 430,000 foreigners entered the United States. In 1921 only 375,000 people were allowed into the U.S each year and there was a number limit for how many people immigrated from each country called the Quota System.

The limitation of how many immigrants could enter per year was just temporary until the government could study the immigration pattern a little closer. “First come, First serve!”

They say. Couldn’t you imagine having millions of people immigrating per year, night and day? That’s a lot! No wonder why the United States put a limit to how many people could immigrate By: Emina Abdagic

Post-War Isolationism

 For Americans the war ended sooner the 1920 more than five million Americans were unemployed. than expected, and the U.S. had no plans for demobilization. This caused By: Jessie Skopec hundreds of factories to close, because they didn’t have to produce anymore materials for the war. Crop prices also fell as overseas demand for farm products dropped. This left millions of Americans jobless, and it did not help when the military discharged four million soldiers.

Another factor that led to a bad economy was that Americans went on a spending spree after the war ended.

Americans took all their money that they were saving during the war, and started to go crazy with it. This made prices go up, and the value of the dollar shrank by more than 15% each year. Americans were now paying twice as much for clothing and food as they had been in 1913.

Together, this led to a recession. A recession is a decline in economic activity and prosperity. In 1920-1921 100,000 businesses went bankrupt, and had to shut down. With the demand for farm products dropping, 453,000 farmers lost their land. By the end of

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

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were arrested and then later released.

ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) was founded in 1920 by Crystal Since being founded ACLU has been Eastmen, Roger Baldwin and Walter involved in many important legal actions and helping American citizens.

Nelles. This non-profit organization whose mission is to defend and By: Serenity Hopkins preserve individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person I the country by the constitution. Such as freedom of speech, woman’s rights, religion, right to citizen’s privacy.

This communist revolution originally started in Russia and made its way slowly to America. ACLU was inspired by the Bill of Rights especially since the constitution was fatally flawed. It specified what the government could do but did not say what it could not do.

For another thing it did not apply to everyone. The "consent of the governed" meant propertied white men only and not African Americans any minority or women.

The ACLU decided that they needed to step in immediately gaining more than 500,000 members. Attorney General Mitchell was not happy he began the palmer raids; he rounded up radicals and had then deported depending on their race, thousands

Henry Ford/Assembly Line/Mass Production

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Founder of the infamous Ford Motor hiring low skilled laborers, and Company, Henry Ford became the improving the flow of work by father of the modern assembly line bringing the work to the workers (the used in mass production. His “Model moving assembly line). This allowed T” revolutionized transportation and Ford to lower the cost of the vehicle contributed to urbanization that and still make a good profit by selling changed the society in the 1920s. His even more cars. These principles not innovations immensely impacted only improved the economy but it American life through introducing changed the way people lived their higher wages and making the lives and it gave almost everyone a automobile industry one of the largest chance to own a vehicle. in the nation. His legacy still lives out By: Abby Zimmerman today, through the Ford Foundation one of the most rich and charitable foundations in the world.

Introduced in October of 1913 by the Ford Motor Company the moving assembly line and mass production transformed the automobile industry.

Before, vehicles were only in reach of the upper class. Henry Ford’s goal was to create a car for the middle class; his idea was mass production. Him and his team looked at countless industries and discovered four principles to achieve this goal: Interchangeable parts, continuous flow, division of labor, and reducing wasted effort.

He put these principles into action by making each piece of each car the same, cutting tools to make the parts,

Advertising in the 1920s

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During the 1920s there was a huge rise across the country. The radio was in consumer culture. Mass production, becoming a necessity in all American lowered prices, and credit or installment households. The millions of people buying made products more available to tuned in to sporting events and radio the public. The way of buying things broadcasts could also hear the new and was forever changed, and so was the improved advertisements of the 1920s. way of advertising them. New Ads were appearing everywhere and, techniques and styles of advertising they were more eye-catching and were developed in order to get persuasive than ever. customers to buy their products. Ads By: Olivia Moore had more color, they had catchy slogans, and businesses built up brand reputation.

In advertising, it was no longer okay to just say what the product was and what it did. Ads now played off the emotions of their customers.

Companies hired psychologist to make ads that were made to make people need and desire the products they showed.

They were designed to make people feel left out, or guilty for not owning a product. Businesses frequently created new models of their merchandise.

Consumers felt the need to by the newest versions in order to maintain social status.

New technological advances also modernized the world of advertising.

Ads could be put in magazines and newspapers and read across the country but, even better, ads could now be heard

Transportation During the1920’s

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Do you ever wonder what it would Good Roads association. This be like to not have cars, planes, and association was dedicated to make trains? Well during the 1920’s this stuff roads safer for people to travel on. By was just starting to become a big part 1929 legislatures raised the gas price to of the economy and society. Many five cents which allowed them to pay during this time were fascinated by all for roads to be paved. the new ways of getting around. Before While many Americans traveled by the 1920’s many people got around by car or railroad some Americans boat or by train, this was the only way traveled by plane. When the success of they could get goods and other things Charles Lindbergh reaching pairs by from one place to another. plane hit America many Americans By the time the 1920’s rolled in looked at this as a new way of transportation. By 1930 there were fifteen hundred railroads connected cities and towns trough out the United quite a few airports around the United States. Rail ways developed programs States this allowed people to fly from New York to Miami. All this new that allowed vacationers a place to transportation helped the economy. sleep and quality food to eat as they Transportation benefited farmers the traveled. This made traveling a lot most because it allowed them to haul more comfortable for passengers. their crops and other goods to towns Cars were another big thing being and cities. produced in the 1920’s many people could buy cars because they were By. Logan Mcneal cheap. The most popular modal of car was to model T ford because of their reasonable price and durability. The problem with the cars was that when you wanted to go to another town many of the roads were made of dirt making travel hard during the winter months or during the rainy season.

Harriet Morehead berry was part of the

Consumerism

 autographed boxing gloves.” And that New ways of Ad’s, jazz music, explains how we are a Consumerism freedom, cars, and all the goodies of the 1920’s. Advertising has changed in Culture today the 1920’s by using questioning, guilt in By: Emina Abdagic making you think you needed the product to be what society wanted you to be, and they also threw in some “professional” facts sometimes from specialists.

The consumer culture started to get popular. It was a view that buying a lot will help the economy but in return also make life easy. George Washington Carver invented over 300 products! From soap to candy and from candy to peanuts from peanuts to face powder, printers ink, soap and more.

Radios, magazines, advertising and more led to the Consumerism Lifestyle of the 1920’s. Promises in advertising were used to attract and guarantee buyers that the product would be life changing and work well to make their life easier or from miserable to fun.

Some advertising Coca-Cola was also used to target children or sports fans, for example one ad would say, “Collect a lot of Coca-Cola tops to get my free

Postwar Economics and Unemployment

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For Americans the war ended sooner By: Jessie Skopec than expected, and the U.S. had no plans for demobilization. This caused hundreds of factories to close, because they didn’t have to produce anymore materials for the war. Crop prices also fell as overseas demand for farm products dropped. This left millions of Americans jobless, and it did not help when the military discharged four million soldiers.

Another factor that led to a bad economy was that Americans went on a spending spree after the war ended.

Americans took all their money that they were saving during the war, and started to go crazy with it. This made prices go up, and the value of the dollar shrank by more than 15% each year. Americans were now paying twice as much for clothing and food as they had been in 1913.

Together, this led to a recession. A recession is a decline in economic activity and prosperity. In 1920-1921 100,000 businesses went bankrupt, and had to shut down. With the demand for farm products dropping, 453,000 farmers lost their land. By the end of the 1920 more than five million Americans were unemployed.

Credit/Installment Buying

 In the 1920’s many middle class families were buying many expensive items, cars, furniture, and washing machines on an installment plan.

Installment plan is a credit system by which payment for merchandise is made in installments over a fixed period of time.

Advertising was really big with credit buying because the public believed that they were paying less but for a longer period of time. Americans bought more as toward putting money towards the economy.

The consumer revolution resulted in the masses of buying many things in bulk on credit. Many people abused the option of installment plans; they purchased lots of goods thinking they could pay it back and found themselves in debt. By 1929 the stock market had entered a “New Era”.

By: Serenity Hopkins

Citations Dating Patterns Young vs. Old- Serenity 1.www.thegloss-1920’s.com 2.www.davies-linguistics.byu.edu

2. Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

American Civil Liberties Unions-Serenity The 19th Amendment-Abby 1.www.Aclu.org 1.www.archives.gov 2.www.inklings.com 2.www.history.com 18th Amendment/ Prohibition- Logan 1. Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

2. The DBQ Project Prohibition: Why Did America Change its mind?

Impact of New Communication-Logan 1. This fabulous century 1920-1930 by the editors of Time Life Books(easy bib) 2. Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

Olivia-Citations http://www.1920s-music-andfashion.com http://www.blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu http://www.1920-30.com/sports Hansen, Freya O. The Scopes Monkey Trial. New York: Enslow, 2000. Print Jessie- Citations Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print www. US History.com

Consumer Credit in the 1920’s-Serenity 1. www.umsl.edu Emina- Citations 2. www.the1920skrishejilale.weebly.com Hill, Laban Carrick. Harlem Stomp!: A Cultural History of the Harlem Transportation during the 1920’s-Logan Renaissance. New York: Little, Brown, 1. Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing 2003. Print.

American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Hart, Diane. History Alive!: Pursuing Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

American Ideals.Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ 2.

Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

Ncpedia.org/transportation/overview1920s Henry Ford/Assembly Line/Mass Production-Abby 1. www.newworldencyclopeda.org 2. www.pbs.org 2.

Impact of Sports-Abby 1. The 1920’s (easy bib)