American studies final

-New Music -New Craze Dance Moves -New Celebrities -New Films with sound

Author's: Sydney Hemphill Mesan White Hillary Ramirez Woojin Kil Leena Taha

Impact of sports • In the 1920s sports became popular and a lot of sports became available to middle-class people to these physical activities was all the record breaking athletes. Like “big bill”, Tatem Tilden 2, he was the first American to win a Wimbledon in 1920. He was US champion on several different occasions; he was the greatest tennis player in his time.

• A very important event that helped women gain respect is when Gertrude Ederle swam across the English Channel, this woman was only nineteen when she swam the 21 mile channel. It took her 14 hours and 31 minutes, which was better than the previously set men’s record. This proved that women are equal to men physically, it gave women the respect they needed. The 1920s was a time of great social change. People wanted to forget about the war so people tried new things out.

• Some times sports weren’t all about winning. Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, as racing in 1929 but didn’t win because she helped another competitor, who had had an accident on take-off. This inspired lots of people, they started thinking that winning isn’t always what you need to feel good.

• November 1919 and January 1920, attorney general Mitchell palmer started deporting ‘radicals’, this became known as the “palmer raids” a lot of people were arrested and they were held in really bad conditions. They were being arrested unconstitutionally.

• In the midst of all this a group of people took a stand. Those people were before known as the national civil liberties bureau, but then changed to the American civil liberties union (ACLU). They fight government abuse, and are defending individual freedoms like; speech and religion, a woman’s right to choose, the right to due process, citizens’ rights to privacy, etc. even today they still fight to protect our rights.

• In 1925 Tennessee passed a law that banned the teaching of evolution, and ACLU got John T. Scopes (biology teacher) to teach evolution to challenge the law. Once prosecuted the ACLU and celebrated attorney Clarence Darrow defended him. Scopes was tried guilty, but it made national headlines and persuaded the public on the importance of academic freedom.

• Back in 1920, our individual freedoms were never fully tested in court, this made them meaningless for most people, but since then those laws/rights have been arranged in a systematic code in our laws and are being protected.

Advertising • In 1926 the television was first introduced, it combined visuals with sounds.

• In 1926 Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic, this made him an international hero. This era was a time when if anyone was in the press, they could become an instant celebrity.

• advertising also helped sell things, and it created pop culture, people would all read the same magazines and watch the same commercials, and so they would end up buying the same clothes and stuff and this became popular in their ‘culture’. Like girls with short hair and shorter dresses.

Impact of new communication -Woojin Kil • By 1926, the United States' first radio network had been established, National Broadcasting Corporation and stations about the music programs, news, and sports. Also, there was growing number of mass of marketing magazines too. By the decades, more than 6 hundred radio stations opened in US, and a lot of Americans was listening for the radio. Those media actually make the large scale advertising, popular magazines, movies, radio, and other channels.

Actually, it had newspapers that were about African Americans, and prohibitions, too which can make Americans to share the ideas. Also the appeal of spoken words attracted advertisers, and audiences. • The media made a huge impact of advertisements. It made large scale advertising of the products that industries made. Many industries used media for their marketing and advertisements. Actually, radio makes the listener comfortable wtih a name of industries and make it seems trustworthy and familiar. Also, the radio advertisements attached funny labels to the products' appealing. Actually, the advertising became the major success of the prohits for the industries and newspaper or magazines companies, too. Advertising pervaded thousands of newspapers and magazines.

18th Amendment - Woojin Kil •

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18th Amendment is the law that prohibits the alcoholic beverages in United States by declaring the production, transport and sale of alcohol illegal. It also called as a Prohibition. It actually didn't really prohibit drinking or containing the alcohols, just the transportation and selling.

The Volstead Act was made in October 28, which prohibits the any liquor that contain more than 0.5 percent of alcohol.

This strict law splits the americans into two major groups, Wets and Drys. The prohibition was an effort to alter americans political and social life.

There were two groups felt differently about this prohibition, the Wets and Drys. The Wets are the groups of people who want to repeal the prohibition, like Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTUC) and Anti- Saloon League (ASL) join the drys side. Especially, the women had an idea that they want to protect their families from drunken husband. Also, people who are sided with Drys thought that the alcohol makes more crimes and problems.

The Wets support the idea taht actually crim rate of United States went up after the strict law, prohibition passed.

Actually the prohibition stimulated the bootleggers and gangs so it cause more crimes and problems. Fianlly, the Volstead Act repealed in 1933.

Forms of Transportation Woojin Kil •

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In 1920s, the industries grew with their new transportation, automobile. The automobile was really affective in social life for Americans. Actually, Richard Dudgeaon invented the first automobile that powered on stream in 1866. However, in 1920s, Americans used automobile that was powered on gasoline. It affected families' life among the establishment of mobile society. Actually because they had more free time by only 8 hours working day, Americans can drives freely and have personal freedom. Also, those made families fell apart because they can individually act on their own wishes. The automobile entered the transportation market for the upper class people but it became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class too.

Actually, there were the ideas of the airplanes but it was never taken seriously. Until the government developed the idea of Air-Mail, which is the idea of using airplanes for transport the mail quickly. This idea really became a success and popular. A few airplanes companies began to offer flying people. At the beginning, it was fairly costly and only upper class people can afford it, but it became more common, nad prices fell. So it reached the point that middle class people can afford it.

By Mesan White Post-War Economics/Unemployment • World war 1 had created great Economic prosperity in the united states. The federal government had signed billions of dollars worth of contracts for war-related materials.

• In most nations the economic factors of the time play a significant role in determining how a society will behave. Germany was economically devastated after a draining defeat in world war 1.

• Due to the Versailles treaty, Germany was forced to pay incredibly size able reparation to France and Great Britain. At first Germany tried to recover from the war by way of social spending.

• Germany began creating transpiration projects modernization of power plants and gas works. In 1913 the government was spending approximately 20.5 ore resident; by 1925 it had risen to almost 65 marks per resident and finally in 1929 it reached over one hundred marks per resident.data:image/jpeg;

By Mesan White Post-War Disarmament •

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American also longed peace president Harding responding by inviting representatives Great Britain , France, Italy, and japan Washington naval conference opened in 1921, secretary of state Charles Evan Hughes shocked the delegates by offering to scrap 30 U.S. warships.

Supports of the naval disarmament agreement hope it would discourage future wars.Naysayers however feared that military ambitions would not be so easily contained. They were right. The Washington naval conference did limit the construction of large warships, but it did not affect smaller ships and submarines.

Japan, Great Britain, and the United States were adding cruisers and other small ships to their fleet. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Warren_G_Hard ing_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg American also longed peace president Harding responding by inviting representatives Great Britain , France, Italy, and japan Washington naval conference opened in 1921, secretary of state Charles Evan Hughes shocked the delegates by offering to scrap 30 U.S. warships.

Supports of the naval disarmament agreement hope it would discourage future wars.Naysayers however feared that military ambitions would not be so easily contained. They were right. The Washington naval conference did limit the construction of large warships, but it did not affect smaller ships and submarines.

Japan, Great Britain, and the United States were adding cruisers and other small ships to their fleet. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Warren_G_Hard ing_portrait_as_senator_June_1920.jpg

By Mesan White Impact of new celebrities •

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Some celebrities started poor, they didn't have nothing really. some celebrities came from a small town having a hard time. they went to a big city did what they was suppose to do to become famous. they met a few people. some became famous by they self or some became famous with a group of people. so now they is showing all the people that put them down what they can really do in life.

Some celebrities how found was James Bland, The Fisk Jubilee Singers, Scott Joplin, William Christopher, Buddy Bolden, and Coco Chanel. James Bland became famous for his sentimental ballads that glorified the old south, he was born in the north and of the middle-class parents who were far away from the slave negro folk experience. The Fisk Jubilee Singers first university in Nashville, Tennessee, was founded after the civil war by the Freedmen’s Bureau. Scott Joplin was born in Texarkana, Texas in 1986, showing an early interest in music, he was lucky to receive training from local black music, teachers who taught him basics of European classical music. William Christopher Handy was born in Florence, Alabama, on November 16, 1873.Buddy Bolden not much is known about Buddy Bolden. he was born Charles Bolden in New Orleans in 1868.Coco Chanel and the changing face of style Coco Chanel was an amazing fashion designer and business woman. Chanel’s spirit sums up the essence of the 1920’s. http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/PJBE033_joplin_DV_20111205164659.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/XkOlfVmmk1M/UIAvNlJS3iI/AAAAAAAAAW8/B1giRYGjFOE/s400/h ttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/XkOlfVmmk1M/UIAvNlJS3iI/AAAAAAAAAW8/B1giRYGjFOE/s400/cocochanel.jpg

Impact of Film • American inventor Thomas Edison began making short motion pictures at the turn of the century. In 1903 a movie called “The Great Train Bobby” was the first to tell a complete story. Yong Americans tried to copy what they saw in the movies. And they dreamed about far-away places and a different kind of life. Rich families and poor families saw the same movies. Their children shared the same wish to be like a movie stars.

In the way, the son of a banker and the sun of a factory worker had much in common.

• By the 1921 the company was in virtual of 500key theaters in the U.S and first-run theaters in major cities around the world. By the end of the twenties Adolih Zukor had built up most formidable combination in the industry: paramount had the stars, the production outfit, the distribution channels and control over 2000 theaters. The easiest way to “sell” pictures in advance to exhibitors and to produce them rapidly, was to imitate recent successes: thus the “cycle” was born, with the “formula pictures” as the unit.

th 19

Amendment

• The 19th amendment (1920) to the constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote “shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any, state on account of sex” Although this equality was implied in the 14th amendment (1868), most of the states continued to restrict or prohibit women’s suffrage.

• In January 1918, the woman suffrage amendment passed the house of representative with the necessary two-thirds majority vote. In June 1919, it was approved by senates sent to the states for ratification. Campaigns were waged by suffragist around the country to secure ratification, and on August 18, 1920, Tennessee became 36th state to ratify the amendment. On august 26, it was formally adopted into the constitution by proclamation of secretary of sate Bainbridge Colby.

Economic Boom • The 1920s was a decade that began on January 1, 1920 and ended on December 31, 1929. It is sometimes referred to as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age, when speaking about the United States and Canada. In Europe the decade is sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age Twenties"[1] because of the economic boom following World War I. • Since the end of the 20th century, the economic strength during the 1920s has drawn close comparison with the 1950s and 1990s, especially in the United States of America. These three decades are regarded as periods of economic prosperity, which lasted throughout nearly each entire decade. • However, not all countries enjoyed this prosperity.

The Weimar Republic, like many other European countries, had to face a severe economic downturn in the opening years of the decade, because of the enormous debt caused by the war as well as the Treaty of Versailles.

Post-War Isolation By: Sydney Hemphill •

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In the 1920’s many Americans was yearning for a withdrawal from international affairs. And that policy became known as isolationism. The isolationist attitudes were very strong in the senate when it was voted down the treaty of Versailles. Americans didn’t like Americans getting involved in other war that didn’t concern the United States because they were getting hurt in certain area like jobs, food and money.

Presidents Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were not isolationists. They thought that the foreign trade connected American farmers and business people to that rest of the world. But they weren’t thinking about their own because that hurt the Americans in jobs areas and money, that affect their lives The isolationists feeling was strongest toward Europe. In Harding campaign he favored entry into the League of Nations, upon taking office, he declared “we seek no part in directing the destinies of the old world.’’ Americans thought that was a great idea. Then he became president , that all went away.

Hart, Daine. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print

Unions/Strikes By: Sydney Hemphill •

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In 1877 a strike on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which escalated into a general strike throughout the north. Then at the start of the 20th century Americans workers faced numerous problems. As you can see Americans been going on strikes and unions for a long time. Americans know their rights and what's wrong.

The high level of union memberships in the United states at the start of the twenties was a product of the desire of American workers to mount concerted opposition to the frequently poor conditions in the recently industrialized economy.

Hart, Daine. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print

Impact of Music in the 1920’s By: Sydney Hemphill •

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Music Impacted the 1920’s in the numerous ways. Those ways are; singers, dance and different types of sound. The mainstream of America loving music was Jazz. Jazz music is spirituals of black in the nineteenth century fused with other traditions as ragtime music.

Then that moved into New Orleans around 1900, where the rhythmic, improvisational sound came into Jazz. Next thing, its the most popular thing around and new things started happening. Americans liked Jazz music because it can express itself in almost anything, so that allowed Americans to express themselves.

Song names like “Anit We Got Fun” was a hit in the 1920’s because it reflected the growing emphasis of the American public on having fun, enjoying new pastimes and entertainment of all sorts. The help of radios also helped music spread around American. With new music starting also new dances moves started too. The nation's youth led the way with dances such as; the Shimmy, the Charleston, and the Fox-Trot.

America is like a person with different types of layers because it has many different people.

We have music to thank for that because music allows people to be who they want to be and let them express it in there own way. Music has shaped America to be different and unique.

Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print.

Henry Ford By: Leena Taha •

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In the 1920s the motorcar came to represent the American dream, by offering independence and adventure, cars fell in price dramatically; so that many Americans could afford them, the invention of this car was a huge impact in the 1920s they could be made more cheaply and by using assembly line methods Henry Ford’s Assembly line brought the average price of a car down from $850 in 1908 to $250 in 1955, as a result car factories paid high wages and jobs were sought after.

An Assembly line is a manufacturing process in which individual parts of a larger product are put together in a specific order, in 1913 Henry Ford installs to the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to 2 hours and 30 minutes, mass production was revolutionized by the use of the assembly line, which reduced the cost of automobiles to affordable levels.

By 1925 Ford was producing a car every ten seconds; a new model T cost only $290. In 1920S ABOUT $1,000,000 was spent on building national highways there was an effect I the second industrial revolution, in consumer goods like radios, cars, fridges, telephones and vacuum cleaners, these goods were not new but they had previously been available to the rich only, now they were sold; In millions to a mass market this great benefit was that all these products made life in the 1920s much easier.

Immigration Tensions By: Leena Taha •

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The social tension of the 1920s was to a large extent due to backlash from Nativists and the KKK toward immigrants with surge threatening jobs and tainting jobs and tainting the white AngloSaxon society, the idea of nativism began to preliterate through the minds of native born Americans. Social conflicts often came to violent ends by the hands of the members of the Ku Klux Klan, they had a natives mindset, and harbored hatred towards anyone who is not Anglo-Saxon descent, and Movements made for a dangerous society and made matter even more difficult for penniless immigrants trying to survive.

The quota system was the first quantitative immigration law and limited the numbers of immigrants from any country entering the USA. The quota provided immigration visas to 2% of a country’s population could enter the US as immigrants each year. This mainly was to limit European Immigration and was successful in limiting immigration except from Mexico and Canada.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolome Vanzetti, both ItalianAmerican were convicted of robbery and murder, although the arguments brought against them were disapproved in court. On April 9th 1927 their final appeal was rejected and the two were sentenced to death, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed on August 1927 but even the new evidence didn’t completely quell the controversy , but on October 1961 it was proven that Sacco’s revolver was his that killed a man

Racial Tensions By: Leena Taha •

Strides have been made to guarantee equal opportunities to all people. But in the 1920s, African Americans daily felt the sting of bigotry; racial tensions were soaring high in Detroit that year. Henry Ford’s introduction of the five-dollar a day wage in 1914 has spurred an exodus of poor, black southerners to Detroit to build automobiles, the city Police Department was responsible for the death of 50 blacks from 1923 to 1925.

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Meanwhile, the Ku Klux Klan buttressed by a similar movement north of poor white southerners became involved in a city politics and fielded a candidate in the 1925 mayoral race. In July, a local group called the Waterworks Improvement Association was formed to “render constructive social and civic service” to the neighborhood. The innocent sounding name hid the real purpose which was to keep the area free of blacks

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Civil war reconstruction failed to assure the full rights of citizens to the freed slaves, By 1890s Ku Klux Klan terrorism, lynching’s, racialsegregation, laws made a mockery of the rights guaranteed by the 13th, 14th ,and 15th amendment. W.E.B DuBois attacked Washington acceptance of racial segregation arguing about whites denying their right to vote. Lynching’s and riots against blacks led to the formation in 1909 of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.)

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