November 1929
The Roaring Twenties: Crime and Prohibition
Editors: Maggie McGlauglin, Marijke Nielsen Layout Director: Sophie Gist Advertising/Marketing: Addie Schroeder, Lizzie Raley Graphic Designer: Haley Miller
Also in this issue: An Interview with “The Duke�
Table of Contents 1.
Cover page
2.
Table of Contents
3.
Letter From the Editors
4.
Advertisment #1
5.-7.
Letters to the Editors
8-9.
Briefing
10.
Advertisment #2
11.
Politics
12.
World
13.
Advertisment #3
14.
Society
15.
Economy
16.
Advertisment #4
17-18.
Feature Article
19.
Advertisment #5
20.
Entertainment
21.
Sports
22.
Advertisment #6
23.
10 Questions
24.
Bibliography
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Letter from the Editor Our feature article this month is on whether alcohol should be banned. There are two common perspectives to this topic. The “Wet’s” perspective are those that believe people may choose to go wild with their beverages, but that is their choice to make and if they don’t, they don't have to deal with the things that happen to them afterwards. Many people, after the law was passed, have been making their own concoctions to drinks that have not been examined by the FCA. This has injured many men, because they have no way of knowing if the beverage is safe or not if they don't have the drink checked. Even if the drinks were legal, they take the beverage in to be checked they would get caught for illegal drinking, and then they would be sent to the slammer. We certainly don’t like to see this country suffering because we can’t handle a little beverage like alcohol, but we also don’t want the country to fall apart from rebelling against alcohol. Yes, this beverage is harmful, but it might be even more harmful if you take it away from the citizens of this country. If we take down the ban, and we set some rules or limits this problem won't be our top issue.
Shown Above: Criminal Dutch Shultz
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Addie Schroeder
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Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, I can’t believe people would stay out on their old land when there are brightly lit cities with so many opportunities. The nice article included in your last edition was well needed to bring awareness of how positive urbanization is. In the city what comes around goes around. With so many model Tfords being produced an abundance of families can easily afford to have one of their own which helps boost the oil and rubber industry. The more people we have exchanging ideas and creating inventions the greater the nation becomes. Urbanization needs to continue to rapidly increase from the 51% it certainly holds so we can continue to improve the quality of life. If speakeasies and hoopers don't draw you to the city away from your ox yokes and hay bales then maybe the idea of getting rich quick will interest you. Farming is extremely hard work and requires very long hours. It is dependent on the weather; not enough or too much water can hurt your crops. All day straining your muscles, the whole job is physically exhausting. Even with the income you receive it's nothing compared to the little work and huge paycheck you receive in the city. Social and entertainment opportunities in the country are very limited. In the city you could blouse to a blow or catch a ball game. Why live every day in monotony when there are so many exciting and new things to see and do in the city. Come join the fun it's the bee's knees.
Dear Editor, Your article in last month’s issue describing how youth is breaking tradition is baloney. Adults should not be able to control us for the rest of our lives. Our youth of today is setting new boundaries and finding a new way to life their life. Isn’t that what we want, a nifty change in our society? Now that the war is over, we as women have more freedom and independance. Better yet, now that child labor is eliminated we have more time to party, have fun, and do what we didn’t have the chance to do before the war started. Now, you can’t tell us how to dress or how to act. We proudly cut our hair short and wear short skirts to prove we are not like the traditional generations before us. We are now independent women and our own viewpoint on the world today has an impact. Change isn’t always a bad thing. We like getting dolled up, drinking giggle water, and being owls. That ain’t gonna change. Sincerely, Haley Miller
Dear Editor, I really enjoyed your article on the science and religion debate. Some people believe that god created all men, and some, like me, believe in the theory of evolution. Evolution is a theory in which humans evolved from animals over the course of millions of years. I think that your article really captured my side of the debate. Even if the Theory of Evolution is not proven to be true, I think that it is quite unnecessary for Tennessee to have a law against teaching it. Children deserve to know about both sides of the debate instead of getting their side chosen for them. It is very brave of John Scopes to challenge the law against theory and I support him completely! In this debate I am 110% with the modernists. Traditionalists can for sure have their own beliefs but that law was crossing the line and I really hope for the best for Scopes! Sincerely, Addie
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Letters to the Editor Dear Editor,
Dear Editor,
I really loved your work on urban vs rural areas. I am a strong supporter of rural areas of course because of how much better they are, with keeping traditions and our love and faith in the Lord. For example, rural areas have always been family over fame. By that I mean we care more about our family than we do about having money, of course we care for money, who doesn’t? But everyone in our town for a fact treasure loved ones over things. Everyone in our town we love and protect, granted most of them we see every Sunday mornings, but we know our neighbors, our neighbors neighbors, and even their cousins. Now some are certainly not favored, but that doesn’t mean that they aren’t loved in the eyes of God. However of course the city sounds like an interesting place it’s full of danger. Who in their right mind would rather stay up till’ dawn at a saloon, than have a nice supper with their family? Tryin to find someone such like that would be like tryin to find a needle in the haystack, in these rural areas Also why do all modernists care so much about what others think? All their fancy clothing and money, do they know how to work hard for fresh food? I bet you not. However I do understand the Urban side, with all of their entertainment I would go crazy too. With clubs, movies, and even live singers! Why they even had splendid radios. Which they could do with all of their freedom and money.
I liked your article about Wets Vs. Drys. I agree that we should keep alcohol. Some citizens are going bonkers without their beverages. If they don't change the law now people will start to get sick and die and I think you showed that very well in your article. The people are making their own substances and it is not healthy for their immune system. I also liked your “Flappers” article on how the women get together and have fun. It really shows the 20’s style and the good parts of this the 1920s. I think more editors should stop being so negative and start thinking about the good things in the world just stop all the arguments. Think of the positives, maybe make some arguments about your opinion but not in a mean or opinionated way. The music article is amazing. It represents how much music has changed America, and how it makes people feel happy. The article gave really good details as to how the musicians make their music and how they start their careers. The musicians start their dreams and they become successful. Lastly, it showed how talented Al Jonsen is and how he inspires so many people. Sincerely, Maggie McGlaughlin
Sincerely, Sophie Gist
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Letters to the Editors Dear Editor,
Dear Editor,
I really enjoyed your article on the science and religion debate. Some people believe that god created all men, and some, like me, believe in the theory of evolution. Evolution is a theory in which humans evolved from animals over the course of millions of years. I think that your article really captured my side of the debate. Even if the Theory of Evolution is not proven to be true, I think that it is quite unnecessary for Tennessee to have a law against teaching it. Children deserve to know about both sides of the debate instead of getting their side chosen for them. It is very brave of John Scopes to challenge the law against theory and I support him completely! In this debate I am 110% with the modernists. Traditionalists can for sure have their own beliefs but that law was crossing the line and I really hope for the best for Scopes!
Your article on prohibition really got me thinking. Prohibition needs to be better enforced. Those young boys and girls are wasting their lives by drinking too many laps. It is not just the young ones, either; There are so many men that work to support their families, but the money just goes to drinking. These men, who can barely walk on their stilts, go home and make bad choices. These drinking problems are harmful to family relationships and others around them. Where do these people get the alcohol? The speakeasies. More action needs to be taken in order to shut down as many of the illegal bars as possible. Another source of the alcohol comes from people at home. Home-brewn booze is becoming more and more popular. They are made from raisins, prunes, potatoes, apples, or other products developed by underemployed California wine producers. It is so easy for people to get alcohol. There are also many people that smuggle alcohol for a living. Bootleggers and Moonshiners are the primary supplier of illegal drinking establishments. They use large stills, often under bridges or other water-plentiful areas, to brew the drinks. Rumrunners are also a popular source of liquor. They illegally import laps from offshore boats and overland from Canada and Mexico. Smuggling is so popular because of the low risk of getting caught, but These people are not getting caught because of the officials that are failing to do their jobs and catch these people! More action needs to be taken!
Sincerely, Addie
Sincerely, Marijke Nielsen
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Briefing “There are two kinds of worries those you can do something about and those you can't. Don't spend any time on the latter.” -Duke Ellington
"America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality." -Warren G Harding “I have no trouble with my enemies. I can take care of my enemies all right. But my damn friends... They're the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!” Warren G Harding
“If you have to ask what jazz is, you'll never know.” -Louis Armstrong
“It's all life is. Just going 'round kissing people.” -F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Prison Population from 1917-1922 1100-1600 biggest increase at beginning of prohibition
U.S. Population 106,021,537 15% increase of population from 1910 Wholesale Price dropped 47% in 1921 rocketed back up in 1922 Stock market high, 1929 New York stock exchange gained most $ Coorperate common stock suffered most
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By Lizzie Raley
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Politics Sophie Gist Politics are very popular these days; Starting with Warren G. Harding, one of the worst presidents America has ever seen! Harding was president during World War II, along with the doings of the Teapot Dome Scandal. Besides that, Harding wants the government to be more pro-business to turn the economy around, in a more positive way. By becoming more pro-business, the government would have more money and more supporters. To do so, the United States called for an international conference for peace throughout the nations. Held in Washington, D.C., the conference resulted in the drafting and signing of several major and minor treaty agreements. The Four-Power Act, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and France on December 13, 1921, said nations over the Pacific ocean would remain in peace. The Five-Power Naval Limitation Treaty was signed on February 6, 1922 by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. This treaty was stated by Charles Evans Hughes, to scrap almost 1,900,000 tons of warships belonging to Great Powers.The same five powers signed another treaty regulating the use of submarines and outlawing the use of poison gas in warfare. A Nine-Power Pact signed by the above five powers plus the Netherlands, Portugal, and China affirmed China’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity and gave all nations the right to do business with it on equal terms.
Hardings downfall however started with appointing Albert Fall as Secretary of Interior. Fall was paid in bribes to drill in the three reserves containing the most valuable fuel supply: petroleum. After US decided they needed a better fuel besides coal, they found the 3 naval petroleum reserves, one near Salt Creek, Natrona County, and one near a land formation that looked like a giant teapot. All three of which were not supposed to be drilled unless a national emergency arose, but Fall, being Harding’s close friend, had convinced the president to let petroleum flow. The US was soon to run out of petroleum after Fall was paid and had stepped out of the office. Much like Harding, Calvin Coolidge wanted to support the economy through big businesses. When Coolidge was in office, the value of goods rose from $86.1 billion to $98.2 billion and total corruption had decreased from $119 billion to $53 billion. When the stock market rapidly deflated, Coolidge chose to not address the problem sending the United States to a deep debt. Some say Coolidge was successful, and he could have been more successful if he wasn’ t so soft spoken and quiet.
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Foreign Policies Marijke Nielsen Which is better for the United States? Isolation, or foreign involvement? George Washington advised, “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” Thomas Jefferson warned against “entangling alliances with Europe.” The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 supported those statements by preventing European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. Since then, the U.S. has fought to protect the doctrine, but the recent affairs in the Great War is the first break in foreign policies. In November of 1921, the Washington Naval Conference was in Session. The leader of the Conference was Charles Evan Hughes (Republican). After World War I, The naval race started between the U.S., Great Britain, and Japan because of their vulnerable islands. The Washington Naval Conference helped to eliminate the naval race. Now, after the conference, Great Britain, Japan, France, the United States, and Italy all agree to respect the territorial holdings of one another. The ratios ended as followed; U.S.-5: Great Britain-5: Japan-3: France-1.67: Italy-1.67. The Dawes Plan has been created by the “Dawes Committee” because of Germany’s reparations. Since Germany has finished paying off their reparation debts, the U.S. is suffering economic issues. The committee made an economic plan for stability of the European nations. The plan was completed in April of 1924. The Dawes plan is to lower Germany’s reparation plans and now calls on America’s Bankers to make substantial loans to Germany to stabilize their currency and meet the reparation goals.
Calvin Coolidge often quietly embarks in foreign affairs. Coolidge traveled to Paris, France for the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. While he was there, a pact was initiated by Aristide Briand, the French Foreign Minister. Briand hoped to tie the Americans into a system of protective alliances, that serve as “bulwark” for the powers in Europe (mostly France) against the new German Aggression. Frank B. Kellogg, Secretary of State, was influenced by the “outlawry of war” movement and many people. He agreed to sign the pact because the U.S. had failed to join the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson desperately tries to keep peace. He is determined that WWI was not fought in vain, but produced a better world than before the “Great War.” When he traveled to France to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson discovered that the Allies, while sober, are not friendly because of the very high number of casualties and damage costs. The Allies’ main goal was to get their revenge on Germany. This is one of the reasons why the United States does not associate with the treaty.
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Addie Schroeder
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Change in Society Haley Miller After the war, the society was changed dramatically. More tensions arose between groups and more people spoke out about what they wanted in society. The first thing that changed is the idea of the “New Woman.” Women were now breaking boundaries and not following the idea of a traditional woman. They now didn’t care how they dressed, spoke, or acted. They didn’t care what other people thought about them. They seemed to be having more fun and freedom in their daily lives. The Klu Klux Klan was recreated in 1915 by Edward Clark in Atlanta. The group keeps on growing everyday, it’s just berries! But not for all of us. The growth of the Klu Klux Klan has threatened many ethnic groups. The Klu Klux Klan mainly targets African Americans, immigrants, Jews, and Catholics. You might want to stay inside at night if you belong to one of those groups, for that’s when the Klan thinks it is best to attack. The Klan tortures and even murders their innocent victims. It’s not a good site to see. The Klan commonly whips, kidnaps, and burns their targets. The organization took as a symbol a burning cross and held parades and marches around the country. The Klu Klux Klan is spreading controversy throughout America.Although they are terrorizing our citizens, they are slowly gaining political power, just because the government can’t stop them with what they are doing to our nation.
The Klu Klux Klan is spreading controversy throughout America. Although they are terrorizing our citizens, they are slowly gaining political power, because the government can’t stop them with what they are doing to our nation. The Klan has threatened to take people who try to stop them, so people have stopped trying. Beginning in the 1920’s, there is a growing movement happening involving African Americans; Back to Africa Movement. Leading this movement with a strong 2 million followers is Marcus Garvey. He believed blacks would never be treated fairly in a white dominated country and he traveled around America to speak his opinion to the public. He gained publicity and collected money to start several businesses. Nativism was another societal change. More and more people started migrating from Southern and Eastern Europe again. That triggered resurgence of nativism along with calls for restricting immigration. Citizens of the United States feared that the immigrants would never fully become 100% American and they knew reducing the number of immigrants allowed in would relieve urban crowding and reduce ethnic conflicts.
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Economic Boom Lizzie Raley Do you have a vacuum? what about a piano? maybe a washing machine?Ever since new technologies help mass production many people are becoming rich quick. Exchanging stock tips is not a rare occasion. As people buy more stocks the prices keep rising which fuels even more buying. The risk in investing in stocks has people addicted. With rich people and businesses there is a lot more spending and a lot more affordable to the average family. New types of advertising helps draw buyers in. Newspaper, magazines, tv, billboards, and radio advertisements are all bright, visual, and flashy to the human eye. If you don’t have something, you want it. Because of cars being more financially available to middle class families a lot has changed. more people go out at night and challenge expectations.
With more cars out on the road the oil and rubber industries have boomed. With a higher demand for oil in cars and rubber for tires these industries have grown and prospered. Before people were successful they still enjoyed the everyday pleasures that everyone else did by buying on credit. The method of buying expensive items with a small deposit and installment payment plan helped people not go into debit. With everything evolving in the city the population in the city keeps growing. The more people there are the more stuff has to be produced. Buildings get higher, businesses produce faster, and necessities expand. With more floors to every building better plumbing and heating were installed. The higher the demand for one thing the more we need another. Everything is growing, expanding and prospering from one another.
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Feature Article: Crime and Prohibition The 1920s is referred to as “The Lawless Decade” because millions of Americans drink in illegal bars during this time of prohibition. Prohibition has led to the rise of organized crime and corruption among politicians and the police force. This decade is also noted for the spectacular trials. The law that outlaws prohibition is the Eighteenth Amendment. In October of 1919, the 18th Amendment abolished the “manufacturing, transportation, sale, barter, import, export, delivering, furnishing or possession of any intoxicating liquor except authorized in this act.” The 18th Amendment was intended to reduce drinking in the United States.
Many Americans get around prohibition by making their own “bathtub gin.” Buying “bootleg” alcohol that has been illegally distilled and imported from Canada and Mexico is also common. Also, the growing strength of the Prohibition Bureau causes the support for drinking to get sturdier. Bootlegging is the production, transportation, and sale of illegal alcohol. Rummrunning is illegally importing liquor that was bought from off-shore boats and overland from Mexico and Canada.
Prohibition has put over 10,000 people behind bars and it still fails to stop Americans from drinking. There were two perspectives on prohibition: the “wet” perspective, and the “dry” perspective. The “wets” were the opponents of prohibition; they were against prohibition. They were mainly in large cities and immigrant communities.
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Crime and Prohibition cont.
Another popular form of getting around prohibition is finding someone who sells alcohol. Criminals like Al Capone, Arnold Rothstein, and Dutch Shultz. These scandals are faomous for their boot-legging and rumrunning. Dutch Shultz even discovered selling alcohol illegally pays better than legitimate employment. H.L. Mencken thinks of the wets as, “ignorant bumpkins of the cow states who resented the fact that they had to swill raw corn liquor while while city slickers got good wine and whiskey.” Because of all of the bootlegging and rumrunning, the government decided an act was necessary to support the eighteenth amendment. This act is called the Volstead Act. The act would be useful if put to use, but the government has not yet given the Bureau of Prohibition any money or supplies to enforce the act.
Shown Above: Criminal Al Capone
The “Dry” perspective is the exact opposite of the wets. This perspective is more of a traditionalist perspective.The drys support the 18th Amendment. They believe alcoholism causes crime, violence, and the breakup of families. The “Drys” also believe that stopping people from drinking could result in healthier, happier societies. Prohibition is one of the most argued topics of today. Is it suitable for the United States? Is the act really working? Should the 18th Amendment be repealed?
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19 Addie Schroeder
Entertainment Maggie McGlaughlin
Fashion is very loose fitted and fun. Vogue started printing columns in magazines now where people can look at what is in right now and what the people are interested in related to clothing. Radio was also an advertising
Music is also a way people express themselves. Jazz is one way people expressed themselves, this is the best colored people musical talent a lot of colored people succeeded in
for people to find out what people
jazz and made a career. There are
were wearing at the time. The radio
record contracts that people can sign
station could tell people what they
if they are ready to perform
should wear, and they just had to
perfessionally.
listen to the radio. A lot of people payed attention to their clothes, fashion is a serious thing. So does the car they have or their house decor. Most women wear loose dresses with
The most successful jazz player or a very talented jazz player was Al Jolson, he is a talented jazz composer and player.
a lot of accessories and most women
Blues was also a musical talent
have a cigarette to top it all off. Most
that people made a career out of and
men wear plaid pants with a fancy
let them express themsleves. this
overcoat and a hat. with slick hair.
music spread in french also.
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The Golden Age Addie Schroeder The Golden Age, or as you may know it, the 1920s, is a decade of the most amazing and talented athletes of all time. Right now, professional sports are becoming big business and I can’t stop spending all my money going to games. Americans are spending a crazy amount of time and money watching heavyweight boxing, tennis, baseball, golf, and college football. Tennis has really been getting popular over the past few years. Lawn tennis had been played since 1874 and championships started in 1881, but the remarkable transformation really began in this decade. I love going to games to watch Bill Tilden. He is definitely the best tennis player I have ever seen. Now, moving on to baseball. The Great Bambino, The Sultan of Swat, also known as Babe Ruth, is for sure one of the greatest baseball players of all time. In 1920 he hit a record of 54 home runs and led the team with 137 runs batted in, and I was there to witness it all! Babe Ruth is one of the main reasons baseball is becoming a huge sport.
Speaking of huge sports… Boxing is for sure the most popular sport right now. since this past year, Jack Dempsey was the boxer that you would pay loads to watch and work your booty off to beat. Dempsey won 49 out of 60 of his professional fights by knocking out his opponents. His first loss was to Gene Tunny in the tenth round of the match. After his loss, Dempsey eventually just gave up boxing in 1926. Now Gene Tunny is the one to beat. Even though boxing is the most popular sport right now, football is making its way up the charts. The NFL (National Football League) began in 1920 mostly in smaller towns but now it’s gradually making its way to the big leagues. Harold “Red” Grange is considered to be football’s greatest player. In his first game ever, he made three touchdowns with runs of 12 yards, 35 yards, and 60 yards! After he left Illinois he turned pro and joined the NFL’s Chicago Bears. I go to Bears games all the time to watch him play! Overall I think this decade has been amazing for sports. I love going to games and watching these amazing athletes kick some serious booty! I really can’t wait to go 21 to more!
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Lizzie Raley
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10 questions with Duke Ellington
HM: Why did you choose piano over any other instruments?
Interviewed by Haley Miller
HM: When did you write your first song?
HM: When did you begin your musical education? DE: “I began playing the piano as I child. My mother played the piano as well and oversaw my education. I started playing professionally at 17.”
DE: “I listened to my mother play when I was very young and loved the sound of it and decided to have music be part of my life.”
DE: “I wrote my first song when I was 15. It was called “Soda Fountain Rag.” My fans thought it was a big hit.” HM: What kind of music do you play?
HM: How was life for you growing up in Washington D.C?
DE: “I play jazz, swing, and big band. I have also written a variety of songs.”
DE: “Life growing up was rather swell. My family was considered middle class and I was inspired by my job as a soda jerk at the age of 15.”
HM: Who was inspiring to you growing up?
HM: Why were you given the nickname Duke?
DE: “I look up to Gershwin a lot. He is an amazing jazz player as well as an amazing role model to me.”
DE: “I was given this name by my fans for my gentlemanly ways.”
HM: Where do you play your music? DE: “I play a lot of my music at the Cotton Club. The Cotton Club provided me with a larger audience through the radio and recordings.” HM: What would you say is your most famous piece? DE: “I would have to say “Mood Indigo”, which I wrote while I was touring around the country. HM: Do you have any final last words you would like to share? DE: “I would just like to thank my family for supporting me the whole way and for my 23 mom who introduced me to the fine arts. Thank you.”
BIBLIOGRAPHY Marijke Nielsen Bibliography "AddALL.com - American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242." AddALL.com American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. "Al Capone and Prohibition." N.p., n.d. Web. "America's Decades - The 1920s (Paperback Edition) (America's Decades)." 0737702974. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Hanson, Erica. "A Cultural History of the United States Through the Decades - The 1920s (A Cultural History of the United States Through the Decades Series)." 1560065524. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. N.p., n.d. Web. Pietruza, David. "The Roaring Twenties (World History)." PaperBackSwap.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. "U.S.A. 1920s." (Book, 2005) [WorldCat.org]. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Addie Schroeder Bibliography George Herman "Babe" Ruth. Digital image. AP Images. N.p., 25 Mar. 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. George Herman. Digital image. AP Images. N.p., 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. The Growth of Advertising. Digital image. Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. "Infamous Trials." Alibris. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Max Baer and Jack Dempsey. Digital image. AP Images. N.p., 02 Nov. 2009. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. "The Roaring Twenties (World History)." PaperBackSwap.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Safety Razor. Digital image. Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Sophie Bibliography Warren G Harding." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015 O'Neal, Michael. America in the 1920s. New York: Facts On File, 2006. Print http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Flappers.aspx#2 http://www.brainyquote.com/
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Sophie Bibliography Warren G Harding." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015 O'Neal, Michael. America in the 1920s. New York: Facts On File, 2006. Print http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Flappers.aspx#2 http://www.brainyquote.com/ Haley Bibliography Duke Ellignton. Digital image. Www.biography.com. LLC. Say Entertainment, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Hanson, Erica. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. Kallen, Stuart A. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2002. Print. Klu Klux Klan. Digital image. Http://www.conservapedia.com/Ku_Klux_Klan. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Liizzie’s Bibliography 1920's business. Digital image. Emaze. Kristie Hoang, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Oh! Oh! It's Oreo. Digital image. Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers Ltd, 6 Mar. 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Pietrusza, David. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print. U.S.A. Twenties. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Wrigley's gum. Digital image. Youtube. N.p., n.d. Web. <www.candyfavorites.com> Maggie Bibliography Http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fVrlPI28wwc/maxresdefault.jpg. N.p., n.d. Web. Wukovits, John F. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Print 25
Http://themobmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Dutch-Schultz.jpg. N.p., n.d. Web.