Reynaldo lita part 3

CASE STUDY: THE RESTORATION OF EARTHQUAKEDAMAGED BUILT HERITAGE OF BOHOL AND CEBU

REYNALDO S. LITA Officer in charge Historic Preservation Division National Historical Commission

Church of Our Lady of Light (Faรงade) Loon, Bohol Built, 1855-1864

12 December 2010 (Photo by Ellen Samonte)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Leony Ongkingco)

Our Lady of Light Parish Church (Right side) Loon, Bohol Built, 1855-1864

22 February 2011 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Rizal Monument at the town square of Loon (Facade) Loon, Bohol Built, 1928

22 February 2011 (Photo by Candido Castro)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Rizal Monument at the town square of Loon (Left side) Loon, Bohol Built, 1928

22 February 2011 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Immaculate Concepcion Parish Baclayon ,Bohol Built, 1727

7 September 2010 (Photo by Ar-bi Arciaga)

17 October 2013 (Photo by Benjamin Concepcion Empleo)

Immaculate Concepcion Parish Church (Right side of the bell tower) Baclayon ,Bohol Built, 1727

15 August 2008 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

17 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Immaculate Concepcion Parish Church (Right side) Baclayon ,Bohol Built, 1727

13 October 2010 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

17 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

The Assumption of Our Lady Shrine-Parish Church (Faรงade) Dauis, Bohol Built, 1863-1879

15 August 2008 (Photo by Christine Dulnuan)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Benjamin Concepcion Empleo)

The Assumption of Our Lady Shrine-Parish Church (Rear) Dauis, Bohol Built, 1863-1879

14 August 2008 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Saint Augustine Church (Faรงade) Panglao, Bohol Built, late 19th century

15 August 2008 (Photo by Christine Dulnuan)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Benjamin Concepcion Empleo)

Church of San Pedro Apostol (Faรงade) Loboc, Bohol Built, 1734

15 August 2008 (Photo by Christine Dulnuan)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Ian Alfonso)

Church of San Pedro Apostol (Belltower) Loboc, Bohol Built, 1858

13 September 2007 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

17 October 2013 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

Church of the Holy Cross Maribojoc,Bohol Built, 1852-1872

13 October 2010 (Photo by Anthony Manding)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Benjamin Concepcion Empleo)

Church of the Holy Trinity Loay, Bohol Built, 1882

15 October 2008 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

20 October 2013 (Photo by Daryl De Leon)

St. Isidore the Farmer Church Tubigon, Bohol Built, 1886

22 February 2011 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

08 October 2014 (Photo by Friscian Panganiban)

Tubigon Municipal Hall Tubigon, Bohol

22 February 2011 (Photo by Reynaldo Lita)

18 October 2013 (Photo by Benjamin Concepcion Empleo)

A No

Name of structure

BOHOL Location

Significance

Built

Degree of damage

Cultural agency

1 2

Immaculate Conception Church Complex Our Lady of the Assumption Church Complex

Baclayon Dauis

NCT, NHL NCT, NHL

1727 1863

C C

NHCP NHCP

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Holy Trinity Parish Church Complex Pamilacan Watchtower Church of San Isidro Labrador Church of the Most Holy Trinity St. Paul Parish Church St. Anthony the Abbott Parish Church Rizal monument in Loon town plaza Rizal monument in Loboc town plaza Kuta Buildings of Corella St. Peter Church St. Monica Church St. Augustine Church Complex

Loay Baclayon Tubigon Talibon Inabanga Carmen Loon Loboc Corella Loboc Alburquerque Panglao

NHL ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP NCT, NHL NCT NCT

C A C A C C C C B D A A

NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NHCP NM NM NM

15

Santa Cruz Church

Maribojoc

D

NM

16 17 18 19

Our Lady of Light Parish Church Sto. Ni単o Parish Church San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church Bohol Provincial Capitol

Loon Cortes Dimiao Tagbilaran City

D C B

NM NM NM NM

20 21 22

Punta Cruz Watchtower Loay Watchtower Balilihan Watchtower

Maribojoc Loay Balilihan

1822 ND 1887 1858 1873 1887 Pre-war Pre-war 1865 1768 1885 18941897 18521872 1755 1892 1750 1860, 1911 1796 ND 1840

C B C

NM NM NM

NCT NCT, NHL NCT NCT NCT NCT NCT NCT

B No

CEBU Name of structure

Location

Significance

Built

Degree of damage C

1

Basilica Minore del Sto. Niño

Cebu City

NHL

1740

2

Magellan’s Cross

Cebu City

NHL

1735, 1740

A

3

Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral

Cebu City

Marker

1735

A

4

Fort San Pedro

Cebu City

ICP

1689

B

5

Museo Sugbo (Carcel de Cebu)

Cebu City

Marker

1565

B

6

St. Catherine of Alexandria Parish Church

Carcar

Marker

1871

A

7

Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza Church

Sibonga

ICP

1860

A

8

San Guillermo de Aquitania Church

Dalaguete

NHL

1802

B

9

St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church

Argao

Marker

1733

A

10

Nuestra Señora Patrocinio de Maria Church

Boljoon

NHL

1783

A

11

Saint Peter & Paul Church

Bantayan

Marker

1839

A

12

St. Michael the Archangel Church

Samboan

ICP

1842

B

13

Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church

Pardo, Cebu City

ICP

1893

B

14

St. Francis of Assisi Church

Dumajug

ICP

1854

A

15

Malabuyoc Watchtower

Malabuyoc

ICP

ND

A

Cultural agency

NHCP

ON EARTHQUAKES AND OLD BUILDINGS

Source: A.C. Ong Consulting Inc. (2014)

Dauis Church Dauis, Bohol

Bohol corals Panglao Church

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Anatomy of a coral stone masonry

Source: Reynaldo A. Inovero (2014)

Historic buildings are not necessarily weak because they are old, or have been built with masonry.

Earthquakes target the weak points of the buildings. These areas are those poorly constructed, erroneously repaired, and subjected to various stresses in the past.

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

PRE-RESTORATION WORK

Baclayon Church Baclayon, Bohol

Source: Geotech Mercantile

1. Scanning of walls.

Using 3D laser scanning technology, this documentation method provides a threedimensional virtual scaled model of the damage to the structure. In the absence of architectural documents, the churches being several hundred years old, the results of these tests also provide the as-built plan of each structure.

Baclayon Church Baclayon, Bohol

2. Clearing of unnecessary debris

Source: Anthony Vincent Manding, Immaculate Conception Parish

Unusable and unsafe materials, such as rusty reinforcement bars, are removed and segregated in order to clear paths and roads and provide access for the retrieval process.

Loon Church Loon, Bohol

Source: National Museum, Bohol

3. Retrieval and documentation of usable loose stone blocks, object sand elements Stone blocks, church objects, coral blocks with carvings, ceiling paintings and other usable materials are labelled and classified by section, location, and type of material. These materials are essential to the rebuilding process.

Baclayon Church Baclayon, Bohol

Source: Anthony Vincent Manding, Immaculate Conception Parish

4. Storage and security of retrieved and documented objects.

The labeled and documented materials are temporarily stored in a safe place.

Sto. Nino Basilica Cebu City

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

5. Installation of shoring, braces and scaffolding To conform to safety requirements and prevent further collapse of the structure owing to aftershocks and strong rain, shoring and bracing supports are installed.

Dauis Church GPR

Source: UPNIGS (2014)

6. Geological/soil and vertical structure assessment These scientific tests, including soil boring and ground penetrating radar tests, determine the geological integrity of the area and the soil bearing capacity of the damaged site. The findings will influence basic conservation decisions, such as whether reconstruction can or cannot take place and what interventions are necessary in order to strengthen the soil foundation.

Dauis Church Dauis, Bohol

Source: A.C. Ong Consultancy Inc. (2014)

7. Detailed engineering study This study assesses the structural condition of the structure, especially its foundation, and helps determine the prerequisites of restoration such as retrofitting.

8. Materials characterization

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Samples of church walls are collected and tested in the NHCP laboratory to determine the properties of the materials that will then provide the basis for arriving at the appropriate combination of materials to be applied in restoring the structure.

Dauis Church Dauis, Bohol

Partnerships

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Baclayon Church, July 2007

Baclayon Church: Rapid assessment and documentation, 17 October 2013

Baclayon Church: Shoring support of the portico and bell tower

Baclayon Baclayon Church: Church: Ongoing restored restoration bell tower, work, March March 20162016

Baclayon Church: Rapid assessment and documentation, 17 October 2013

Baclayon Church: Shoring support of the bell tower

Baclayon Church: Ongoing restoration of the bell tower, March 2016

Baclayon Church: Shoring support for the interior walls

Baclayon Church: Shoring support for the interior walls

Rapid assessment, 17 October 2013

Baclayon Church: Shoring support for the interior walls

Baclayon Church: Dismantling and storage of the pipe organs

Baclayon Church: Rapid assessment and documentation, 17 October 2013

Baclayon Church: Shoring support of the walls of the left transept

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1727 Church construction Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1768 Watch tower Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1850 Baptisery Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1853 Mortuary chapel Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1872 Convent Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1875 Portico Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

1893 G.I. Roofing Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

20th Century Various Repair Works by the parish and stakeholders

Historical data from Regalado Trota Jose’s Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches

Immaculate Conception Church, Baclayon: CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

2013 After the earthquake Drawings by NHCP Architectural Section

LESSONS FROM THE 1948 EARTHQUAKE

The province of Iloilo suffered the same fate as Bohol Province when an earthquake hit Panay Island on 25 January 1948. Approximately 53 church structures were damaged by the calamity.

Jaro Belltower before and after The 1948 earthquake

Source: Mill Hill Missionaries (1948)

Jaro Belltower before and after The 1948 earthquake

Source: Veritas (Truth), (1948)

Oton Church, 1935 Oton, Iloilo

Source: Mill Hill Missionaries

Oton Church, 1948 Oton, Iloilo

Source: Mill Hill Missionaries (1948)

Oton Church, 1948 Oton, Iloilo

Based on the post-earthquake documentation of 1948, the remains of Oton Church may have been restored and the collapsed transepts and faรงade reconstructed.

Source: Manila Bulletin (1948)

Oton Church, 2011 Oton, Iloilo

Source: NHCP (2011)

Lambunao Church Lambunao, Iloilo

Source: Manila Bulletin (1948)

http://lingganay.blogspot.com/2007/02/lambunao-church.html

HISTORIC PRESERVATION VALUES The past, the present, and the future together formed one unity which inspired humanity to continue its creative efforts.

Source: John Warren. Context: New Buildings in Historic Settings

Seven degrees of conservation interventions 1. Prevention of deterioration 2. Preservation of existing state 3. Consolidation of the fabric 4. Restoration 5. Rehabilitation 6. Reproduction 7. Reconstruction Source: Fielden, Bernard M. Conservation of Historic Buildings. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982.

Source: NHCP (2014)

Sta. Barbara Church Sta. Barbara, Iloilo

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Earthquake damage

Sta. Barbara Church Sta. Barbara, Iloilo

Tigbauan Church, Iloilo

Leon Church, Iloilo

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Cathedral of Ica Peru (2007 Earthquake)

There is a need to develop less-invasive alternative retrofitting techniques by adapting traditional and historical methods and materials in order to increase safety in existing earthen buildings. Simple interventions to connect wall to roof may have minimized the damage in the Cathedral of Ica, Peru.

Source: Getty Conservation Institute

San Agustin Church Intramuros, Manila

Before the 1880 earthquake

Source: Regalado Trota Jose and Pedro Galende,, San Agustin

After the 1880 earthquake

1880-Present

Jaro Belltower Jaro, Iloilo City

1948-1990

Source: National Historical Commission photo collection

1991

1992

2014

Dingras Church Facade Dingras, Ilocos Norte

2008

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2008) and Joel Aldor (2014)

2014

Source: Manila Archdiocesan Archive

Source: NHCP (2008)

Authenticity does not require a significant place to be frozen as it is. The outstanding values of a place could be sustained dynamically, so long as its stories remained credible and truthful.

- Joan Domicelj Am, “Authentic? Nara revisited...� Essays in Honor of Jukka Jukilehto (Rome: ICCROM, 2009).

Old buildings are for the living. The continued use and development of old buildings is fundamentally sustainable.

Source: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (2014)

Things to do after an earthquake (1) Organize an in-depth assessment of damage with estimates of costs of restoration; (2) Establish priorities for the program of restoration and repair; (3) Execute structural repairs using teams of architects trained in preservation, as well as engineers, historians, and archaeologists; (4) Set up multidisciplinary teams to propose projects for repair and reconstruction of damaged buildings, making certain that the engineers' work is integrated into the architectural/historical methodology in accordance with the conservation standards; (5) Evaluate alternative schemes balancing risk and vulnerability against degree of intervention and loss of cultural values; (6) Present plans for public approval and support; and (7) Execute structural repairs.

Source: Fielden, Bernard M. Between Two Earthquakes. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982.

Status of Structural Conservation Projects (as of 15 May 2016)

Completed (2015) Bohol Cebu Sub-total Total projects

2 2

On-going

To start in 2016

6 11 17 26 sites and structures

4 3 7

Structural Conservation Projects Heritage sites and structures Church complexes (churches, convents, bell towers, parochial schools, casa tribunal, plaza) Military structures (fortification, watch towers) Public buildings (government offices, museum, school) Monuments Total projects

Projects 17

3 3 3 26

Summary of conservation funds Year 2013

2014

2015 2016

Conservation work Pre-restoration (retrieval work, coordination with stakeholders, clearing operations) Pre-restoration work (scientific tests, shoring of walls, temporary facilities, detailed engineering studies) Conservation work (1st phase)

Source of fund NCCA

Funds (M) 4.0

TIEZA

80.3

NHCP

500.0

Conservation work (2nd phase) NHCP Total conservation funds (as of January 2016)

227.5 811.8

P500 Million NHCP Budget

Structural conservation: 86.5 %

Movable objects: 10%

Miscellaneous expenses: 3.5%

Structural conservation

Church complexes: 81.6% Public buildings: 6.4% Military structures: 8.8% Monuments: 3.2%

Summary:

Manpower

Methods

Challenges of Conservation

Message

METHODS

Materials

MATERIALS

MANPOWER 1,300 jobs Local

National

30%

70%

METHODS

Source: National Historical Commission photo collection

MESSAGE

“In the process we attempt, sometimes in vain, to reconcile different views. We also receive flak from parties we fail to please, and little praise from those we satisfy. But we take all these in stride not because we are immune to unfounded criticism---we are not---but because of an overriding commitment to preserve our heritage. In the end this is what heritage work is all about: we look back in the past with an eye to the future, and that future is larger and more important than all of us combined."

Maria Serena I. Diokno Reflections on Heritage", Journal of Philippine Local History & Heritage, Vol. 2 No. 1.