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REGENERATION OF POST CONFLICT COLOMBIA INTEGRATING DISPLACED PEOPLE IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
masterthesis booklet student - Martynas Sinkevičius SUDes examiner - Peter Siöstöm supervisor - Louise Lövenstierne LTH Lund, Sweden
© 2018 Martynas Sinkevičius ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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PREFACE Currently the world as we know is undergoing major processes that are based on political, economic and environmental changes and challenges. Many of these changes are happening in zones that suffered social and economic decay due to wars, civil conflicts or violence in general. However, many of these zones have regained their peace and have become post conflict still carrying remains of previous ideology, symbolism and architecture. It’s not uncommon that all those remains represent mental scaring and negative resemblances to the people that have lived throughout the process of a conflict. This is understandable, since many of them have
lost their children, relates and loved ones. However, removing those physical ’relics’ would also remove a part of history which might be forgotten during the time and the change of generations. Instead of hiding and removing what if we expose the remains of the conflicts, but give them another identity... An identity that creates new positive associations, yet still keeps physical proof of certain historic, perhaps negative processes that future generations will be able to see, touch and understand.
With this this thesis project I would like to represent the journey I had which helped me to develop not only as a designer or an architect, but also helped me to grow personally, understanding certain privileges and values and start perceiving things from a different angle. Wish you a great journey!
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CONTENT INTRODUCTION 06-07 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE IN COLOMBIA | ANTIOQUIA | MEDELLIN 08-13 EXISTING TYPOLOGIES IN ANTIOQUIA 14-17 PROJECT SITE IN MEDELLIN | ’NUEVA VILLA DE LA IGUANA’ 18-29 ’MICROCIRCUTS’ CONCEPT 30-31 GENERAL STRATEGIES | TOOLBOX 32-51 GOAL VISION 52-55 BUILDING TYPOLOGIES & DESIGN METHODS 56-75 FINAL PROPOSAL, PHASING & VISION 76-95
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INTRODUCTION Regeneration of post conflict zones interest me a lot, perhaps because of my country of origin. Lithuania has been occupied by USSR for 50year period. During which many horrifying things happened - people were being killed, exiled against their will to Siberia, suffered violence and terror. A lot of remains of occupational ideology were removed and destroyed simply because of the negative associations they were raising. However, this only increased separation and cultural gap between Lithuanians and the minorities. Also removing a lot of objects that had esthetical and historical value prevented the new generations from being able to physically grasp of what their parents and grandparents saw and felt. After visiting several conflict / post-conflict areas I recognized thesis project as an opportunity to investigate the most recent geopolitical changes in the world and to introduce a holistic urban design as a tool to develop areas for people and according to their aspirations. I believe people that have been exposed to complex conflict situations have a strong story to tell. Which could potentially indicate the right strategy for development of the site in order to construct a successful and robust vision for
the affected area. I was not sure I was going to end up in Colombia to do my thesis project. I was investigating many different countries that were involved in conflicts around the world - countries that had problems with crime, safety, informal settlements and land ownership, social deprivation and urban decay. I knew from the beginning that I was not too much interested in working only with slum areas, neither would like to work with a country that has got the same problems as any other. I wanted something unique and specific to trigger my choice for the site. In November 2016 Colombian Government and a guerrilla rebel group FARC signed peace accords which started a process of ending more than 50year long lasting armed conflict, which resulted in people being killed and millions being displaced. This became one of the biggest modern world sociopolitical achievements. The Colombian conflict is very complex and roots back to civil war 1948 - 1958 called ’La Violencia’ which started with assassination of a popular politician Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. This divided country into conservative government of Colombia against rural socialist liberals who eventually became rebel
armed forces called FARC. FARC participated in extortion, kidnapping and drug trafficking to fund their operations. After the piece deal is signed Colombian government promised to incorporate FARC into Colombian government in return FARC promised to disarm, slow down involvement in drug trafficking, address abuses of human rights over last 5 decades. In the beginning I knew very little about the conflict in Colombia and since I had not been there before I knew very little about Colombia as a country itself. My first intention for master thesis was to investigate the areas FARC has been controlling, find a site that has potential for being developed and create a design that would serve people, once the guerrilla organization has withdrawn from the area and people started returning to their previous homes. That could eventually attract interest to invest and develop the areas in sustainable way. I wanted to find an area that had physical resemblances of FARC control and wanted to recreate sites identity with design which inspires people for brighter future, but also represents what happened in Colombia for last 50 years.
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POPULATION
48.9 million
Before arriving to Colombia, I knew very little about the country and the Colombian conflict. Therefore, I started with basic research in order to understand what type of a country I am going to be working with. Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world and therefore possesses a
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URBAN POPULATION
BIGGEST METROPOLITAIN AREAS
79.5%
rich cultural heritage. Its territory encompasses Amazon forest, tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines which indicates rich and diverse flora and fauna. At the moment Colombia is hosting almost 50 million people of which almost 80% live in urban areas.
Interestingly, most of the people that live in urban areas are located in only 4 urban centres: Bogota, Medellin, Cali and Barranquilla. This made me wonder why there is such a tendency to move to overcrowded cities when you got all this land available.
...WHICH EQUALS
VICTIMS OF THE CONFLICT 6.6 million
IDP MOVEMENT TO METROPOLITAIN AREAS
>40% 14% 4 metropolitan centres host more than 40% of Colombian population. It is mostly due to ongoing Colombian conflict. Guerrilla groups are controlling many rural areas, people
are being forced to leave their home and establish themselves and their families in urban areas. This explains the pattern of increasing numbers in urbanization.
At the moment victims of the conflict represent at least 14% of Colombian population. However, in reality nearly everyone in the country has been touched by the crisis in one way or another.
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IDP LIVING IN POVERTY AND EXTREME POVERTY
IDP CONDITIONS ENTERING URBAN AREAS
m
IDP LACK SKILLSET TO LIVE IN URBAN AREAS
2
64% 33%
Since it is expected urbanization levels to increase, it is crucial to understand what kind of people are moving to the cities and what kind of conditions they start living in once settled. More than half of IDP live in poverty, which is no surprise considering what they have to go though.
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?
We have got people that suffered physical & mental abuse. People who have lost their land and home. People who have been forced to flee and who have no skillset to live in urban environment, and there are many of them in this situation.
=
Also, a person from rural environment has completely different mentality and lifestyle compared to a person who was born and lived in urban context all his life. This makes integration process more difficult.
15 000 NEW IDP EVERY MONTH
53.2 million
However, the displacement growth does not stop there. Even after the peace deal there are 15 000 IDP being registered every month, which means it’s a still ongoing problem and it needs to be solved. Demographical predictions for future indicate that by
URBAN POPULATION BY 2050
POPULATION BY 2030
2030 Colombia will host more than 53 million people. And with current urbanisation and displacement rates the urbanization level will reach almost 97% by 2050. This indicates potential problems for Colombia’s urban centres like Bogota, Medellin and etc.
96.6%
There is a need for a holistic and robust city planning and design, that provides adaptable solutions suitable for population’s growth.
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IDP DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO URBAN ECONOMY
POVERTY OFTEN LEADS TO AN ‘ALTERNATIVE’ ECONOMY
LOST ATTRACTION, INTEREST & INVESTMENTS TO THE LAND
=
Displacement of people from rural areas had a strong affect to Colombia’s economy. Since one of the main economies in rural areas is farming most of the IDP used to do that too. Now when they are displaced to urban zones, there is a lack of farmers and therefore the food prices increase. This affects IDP even
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more since it’s harder for them to survive once they establish themselves in an urban area. Because of no budget and lack of skillset to survive in the city big part of IDP turn into drug trafficking, violence and crimes. Which creates a bad reputation for IDP. Thus, communities that have high number
IDP lose public attractiveness and interest, therefore lose support and investments. As a result, areas start decaying, community’s transparency decreases and crime increases.
BIGGEST NUMBER OF IDP WITHIN THE COUNTRY
CAUCASIA APARTADO
URABA
ANTIOQUIA SANTA FE DE ANTIOQUIA
SANTA ROASA DE OSOS PUERTO BERRIO
MEDELLIN
MEDELLIN METROPOLITAIN AREA
RIONEGRO
BOLIVAR
After arriving to Colombia and talking to professors from Antioquia University and National Colombian University I understood that it is not only certain towns or areas that have been affected by the conflict and that need to be regenerated. The bigger problem is the displaced people that are seeking shelter in the urban area and integration of them into a complex urban model. Therefore, I focused my thesis project on IDP and their integration. I decided to settle in Antioquia region, because it has the biggest number of IDP in the country. Antioquia
itself is divided into 8 zones. I decided to live in Metropolitan Aburrå Valley which has 2nd biggest city in Colombia - Medellin. It hosts the biggest amount of IDP in the country. Professors from the social science departments indicated that many of displaced people come from a region called Uraba, which is located on the west side of Antioquia, has access to Caribbean Sea and sits very close to the boarder to Panama. Therefore, it’s a very strategical and valuable area for guerrillas. Because most of internally displaced people were
coming from Uraba region I decided to travel around it in order to understand the conditions and environment people live in. During the travelling I distinguished 3 main settlement typologies: Spanish Colonial, Rural Uraba and as I call it Urban Modular. My aim was to understand strengths and weaknesses of each typology, understand opportunities and ability to use that information during future design process.
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ANTIOQUIA EXSISTING TYPOLOGIES
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where fun happens...
SPANISH COLONIAL LINEAR CIRCULATION RIGID GRID RELIGIOUS & GOVERNMENTAL OBJECTS AS CENTRES DEFINED CENTRAL PLAZA TALLEST BUILDINGS AROUND THE CENTRAL SPACE LIGHT COLOUR FACADES WOOD AND MORTAR AS FINISHES ORNAMENTAL TO EXPRESS HIERARCHY COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE HEAYVEIGHT AND DURABLE
Spanish colonial typology in Colombia dates back to 16th century. Towns and cities usually have a clear linear grid which frames blocks and a central space (plaza) in the middle. The plaza is usually used as a marketplace and as a space for public events. It is surrounded with
what used to be most important buildings/objects of the town: churches, town halls and commercial spaces. It also indicates the hierarchy in the town by having people with most power closer to the plaza. Architecture of buildings consists of highly detailed ornaments and
dynamic forms. Wood and colourful mortar are usually used for finishes. Because of buildings life span, the architecture is known as very durable and is usually listed as world heritage.
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where fun happens...
RURAL URABA CONCENTRATED AROUND NATURAL RESOURCES LOCAL AND ORGANIC BUILDING/CLOTHING MATERIALS RIVERS AS SOCIAL/TRANSPORTATION/TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE SEMI-OPEN STRUCTURES ELEVATED TO AVOID PREDATORS, WATER AND PROVIDE VENTILATION COMPACT LIVING CULTURALLY RICH STRUCTURES ASSEMBLED BY WEAVING AND INTERLOCKING LIGHTWEIGHT AND SOMETIMES FRAGILE
Rural Uraba typology is very present in remote areas that are located next to a drinkable water source which is usually a river. The locals use rivers for transportation, trade and social purposes. The structures are made from the
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natural materials which locals can find in forests. The houses they live in are very lightweight, easy to be reassembled and modified. They are usually elevated from the ground to increase air circulation, avoid floods and predators. Villages usually consist
of very compact living units that are made by the local craftsmen using traditional building techniques: weaving, interlocking joints and etc. This makes the areas very culturally rich and unique.
where fun happens...
URBAN MODULAR ADAPTABLE TO GROWTH DRAMATICALLY BEAUTIFUL SOMETIMES LACKS TRANSPARENCY ’’ALL THAT CAN FIND’’ BUILDING MATERIALS COMPACT LIVING ACCOMMODATES DENSE POPULATION STREET AS SOCIAL/CULTURAL URBAN REALM ADAPTS TO TOPOGRAPHY
Urban modular typology is usually found in more urbanized towns and villages. It consists of many compact units that are located in the valleys following existing topography. The units are made out of ’’all you
can find’’ materials (concrete blocks, brick, wood, metal sheets and etc.). Structures are constantly growing and changing and create very interesting and intimate streetscape. The chaotic composition of units has its´
beauty, however sometimes certain neighbourhoods become very dense, secluded and loose transparency, which might cause increasing crime rates.
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MEDELLIN
Staying in Medellin for nearly 2 months made me wonder a lot about privilege of being born in one county and not another. The location and the social environment makes us to be what we are. Developing that environment to be diverse, productive and safe has positive affect in people that live in it.
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Medellin is a metropolitan giant in Colombia located in Aburra Valley. It consists of 16 communas that consist of plots and buildings of mixed ownerships: formal, informal and pirate ownerships. Because of informal and pirate settlements and increasing urbanization rate Medellin has grown rapidly over past years, which
resulted in urban sprawl that government is having hard time to control.
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Escala de impresión: 1:35.000
METROCABLE, Línea L, Santo Domingo-Arví
Municipio de Envigado
Fecha de Elaboración: enero de 2017
METROCABLE, La Aldea-Las Teresitas-El Morrón
1/33 Pe
F
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Municipio Zonasde de media ladera heterogéneas METROCABLE,Línea M, Miraflores-13 Noviembre infrastructional and should connect many communities Further step is to service connected areas, create METRO, Línea A , Rionegro Niquía-La Estrella METROPLUS, Línea 1, UdeM -Av.Ferrocarril-Parque Aranjuez that have outspread in Eastern and Western parts of feasible infrastructure and densify around the axes. METRO, Línea B, San Antonio-San Javier METROPLUS, Línea 2, U. de M.,Pretroncal Oriental Medellin. Nueva Villa De La Iguana (the project site) is located METROCABLE, Línea J, San Javier -La Aurora TRANVIA, Línea 1, San Antonio-Alejandro Echavarría Next step is to stop urban sprawl by setting up on the East-West axis and is not too far away from green barrier, which should reduce the possibility of the Medellin River, which makes it attractive area for Sistema de Coordenadas landslides from the surrounding mountains and help development. Coordenadas Proyectadas: PCS MAG Ant Medellín Latitud de Origen: 6,2292 to control population growth and living conditions of Big question is what is the right way to develop ’Nueva Proyección: Transversa de Mercator Unidad Lineal: Metros Falso Este:located 835.378 around the perimeter. Coordenadas Geográficas: GCS_MAGNA those Villa De La Iguana’?
Fuente de información:
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Municipio de ZonasGuarne de media ladera heterogéneas
Un municipio que aporte a la consolidación 7 del territorio metropolitano y regional CR 43
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D B 93 CL
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Municipio de Bello
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CL 55
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ESTE
CL R CL 54 10 31 97A R AA CR 7 CR CL 9 4E CL CC A CL 107C 9 CL 29 ES CL L9 103 CL 9 6 TE A B 7 7ACL 3 CL 1 83 C C L 96 00A 1 CL 103D 10 L CR L A 58 10 CL C CL 1 CL B 103 erv. 7-0 CLC55C92 CL 21 B 9 9 R L 3 8 -9 8 3 C C CL 9 V. 7 #7 D 90 R CL 1 CL 10 L1 5 C 92 02C 4A A CL 10 53 06 97 CR 2 A CL 5 L BB CL 99 9 CL CL C0 CL 53A CR CL 9 2 CL A 53 CL 96A CL 10 6 CL 54 10 D CL 9 51 0 CL CL 82 C V CL 4 CL L1 T CL A CL52 CL 102A CL 51B 9 0 C 5 L 9 8 0B 80 97A CL 91B 1A 8B A CL 9 CL 10 C CL 9 CL 51A 8 CL 9 1A B B 8D CL 48 3 CL 96 CL 9 CL C A CL 100AB CL 46A 2 R 95 CL 8048B CL 99B 94D CL 97 CL CL CL 9 1 CL 4 CL CL 95B 99A CL 1 9A 94A A CL CL CL 95 CL 96 47 95A 92E CL CL 93 CL CL 95A CL CL 49 CL E E 8 CL 94 D 94A 8 9 A CL 46 1 CL 46 CL CL 92D CL 94 CL CL 92C 94B 79 59 CR A B CL 47 A R C CL 93 CL 91 CL C 83 L 84A CR 71 CL 92A ES D E DG 85 94 TE CL 92C A CL C 92 CL L9 80 C L L 91 CL 1 C L C 8 C A 91A CL 878 CL 2 93 R 77 CL CL 89 DD 47 CL 90 89A 87 A CL ES CL 77 CL CL 84 CL 89 T ECL 89 BB 91 C CL 88 CL SR 87 8A CL 88 L 8 8 85 9A A CL 81 CL C 75 87 A CL 86BB CL 87 L8 R CL DG C 6B CL 79 30 CL 85A CL 86 CL 19 EST CL 86A C E CR 80 R A 2 R 84 21 CL 3 85D CL CL 84 B C CL 85 A CL CL CL CL 85 76 CL 85 80 80 A CL 82 A C CL 4 84 C B L 8 CL 84 CL 56 C CL CL 84 R 75 CL 75 CL CL C CL 81 B 82 77 B 83 A A CL 83 E 78 CL V 74 80 CL 81 T CL CL CL 75 A TE 81 B CL 82 CL 79 CL 15 CL 75 ES DG 73 TE CL 7 CL 23 36 1 CL 81 ES CL 80 ES R A CL 77AA TE CLC78 36 CL C 9 C CL 79 7 CL 6 CR 79D L CL 36 CR CL 14A CL 63 4 C CL 75C CL 7 76 CL 77 CR 71 CL 72 3 CL 77A CL 73A CR 25 74 CL 75 CR LA 74 C CL 10 C C CL CR L 15 75B CL 72 9B CL 72 CL 72A CL 9 B CL 60 ES CL 70 74 CL CL 71C 54 TE C CR 1 CL 10 A CL 71B C L L 61 71A R 4 CL 9 CL 55 C CL 70A CL 67A 1 C 7 C CL 70 CL 69 DG CL 70 CL 70 2 CL 4 8 CL 5 CL 7C CL 68 CL 8A CR ES CL 69 CL 6 CL 69D TE 5 CL 8 CL 66 CL 6 8 CL 67 CL 63 53 CL 9A C LC L 6 CL 68B CL 8A CL CL 7B 65 CL 65 52 CL 62 51 G F CL 64 CL 67 CL 7 CL 9B CL 6A 8 7A CL CL 5 CL CL 7 CL 61 9 CL CL 66E 50 CL 59A CL 60 CL 5 CL 6 5 TV 57 6 CL CL CL 5 CL 59 5 C L 6C 5 8A 66 CL 51 CL 4 CL 17 CL 4 CL 48 CL CL 6 D CR 49B 5A CL 56 51 CL C B A CL 3 CL 54 C L L 63 C L CL 64 CL A 58 CL 6 1BB 6 6 3 CL 2 5 A CL 55A CL 56A CL 48C CL 57A CL CL 48 4 50 C L 9A CR 21 CL CL 59C 49 B CL 47 24CL 1BB 54 CL 47D CR 72 CL CL R C CL C 46 F 5 5 CR 1 ES R R 5 CL 46A 57 D 30 TE CL 57E 58 CL 7 L D 56 C CL 59A 57 A CL 48 CL 45 L CL 57 CL 58A B C 1B CL CL 44A 57 CL 5 CL 8 56HB CL 53 CL 57 CL 3 H C C CL CL 57C CL 56 CL CL 43A CL 1 2 CL 57 45 CL AA CL 56HC CL 42A CL 50 51 CL CL A CL 57 49 41A 5 6FA G 45 L A 54 57 C CL CL E CL D 56 25 B 50 CQ CL 57 G CL CL B CR 29 CL 55 48 C 6 A BB CQ Q CL 36 CQ 25 5 CL 47 R A C 2 CQ 4 40 C CR L4 3 45 6 B R C CL 49A CQ 1 C L 6# 66 CR 53 CL 42 56 11CL 52 R 37 C CL F 79 C CL L4 C 44 CL 41 CR 43 L CL 38 8A 2A CL 34 CL 40A R 2 1A 51 CL C B C 2 A 50 L CR 34 A 19 B C C R 56B C L L 50 4 A A CL 33 CL 37 44 CL 40 6A CL CL 3 50 D C R 2 0 33 A CR CR C CL 32F 14 3 CL CL 5 CL L CL 6 CL CL CL 41 C CR 7 32 CR R 1 46 L C L 56A CL 39 49 D 39 CL B 40 54 C C 4 C C 4 L 7 7 55 CL 32C A 58 L CL 38 52 CL B A CL 32B CL 34 CL 43A 15 35 CL CL CL 58 C 50 CR 36 R 17 52 A 32A CL 45C C CL 55C CL CL 32A CL 42 CL 37 Serv. 7-0 CL 2A 3 CL CL 52A CL 36B 35 CL 31 45 30 . 7 #7 -9 CL 43 C SERV 8A B CL 33 A CR 4A A R2 16 C CL 42 CL 5 CL 100AB CL 36 CL C 0A CR R CL 11 B 38 C L CL 3 C R 39 F 41 53 32 C CL 51 CL 54 CL D A R 30 CL CL 40 CL 38B CL 45D C 52 CL 51B C B CL 29D CL 4 CL 49A L3 29 5A CL 32C 0 CL 51A CL CL A CL CL 48 44 CL 48 3 C A 29A B R CL CL 2 C CL 29C CL 2 CL 1 CL 4 CL 27 L 28 CL 48B B 31 9A C L 28 9A CL 4D C 4 L 47 27 29 C CL CL 878 C R CL 49 CL CL 46 R CL 46 31 CL 3 CL L 2 4 44 C 5 9 26 27A A L2 CL A C CL C L 27B 25 43E CL CL 25 27A A 4A CL 33 43D A CL 3 C CL CL 26 2 L 24 CL 22A 86 CL 2 2 CL 20 CL CL 24 23 TV CL 20 CL 19A C L 22 CL 19 CL 85 CL 17 CL 82 CL 18A CL 18 41 5 19 CL CR CL 1 CL CL 16 CL 19 18C A CL 18D A CL 19 18D CL CR C R 19 82 2 CL 0 CL 14 CL 18 16A ES L TE C CL 17A CL 16 CL 12
CL
Lím
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ME
ME
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Coordenad Proyección Falso Este Falso Norte Meridiano
1. 19 Fuente de
7 11
Informal settlements have tendency to grow towards west and east directions. There is a saying in Medellin that the further to the mountains you go the less safe it gets. It’s because the communities that are located further away from the city has less supervision from the municipality, therefore its easier for crime and violence to take place. Perimeter of the city is usually where IDP establish themselves and try to start a new life. However, many of the areas around the perimeter are controlled by organizations and groups or share ideology of guerrillas or paramilitary groups. This situation makes IDP harder to get accepted into communities. Because of this, some of the IDP constantly migrate
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around the perimeter of the city trying to find a suitable environment to settle down. It is very unlikely that IDP would establish themselves within the city centre. It is simply because prices of the land are too high and because of density in the city it’s very unlikely IDP would find a space for themselves and their families. However, there are some areas within the city that consist of displaced people that came to the area long time ago as well as the new IDP that are there only for several years. Instead of locating themselves around the perimeter of the city some IDP settled next to river Quebrada La Iguana and the area is called ’Nueva Villa De La Iguana’.
The site is located right in-between 2 communas. Communa 11 - Laureles is one the most developed communas in Medellin. It consists of planned residential neighbourhoods, public facilities, city stadium and many lively commercial streets. It’s one of most desirable areas to live in Medellin. Laureles boarders communa 7, which is called Robledo. Communa 7 does not have such a great reputation as Laureles, however recently many strategic objects established in the area, which makes it attractive for future development.
NUEVA VILLA DE LA IGUANA
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TOPOGRAPHY
GREEN STRUCTURES
BLUE STRUCTURES
+150m
+45m +100m +40m +30m +35m
+30m
+25m
+5m +20m
+10m
The very first thing what I noticed walking around the site was the shift in levels. There is a shift of more than 40 meters from Eastern Side to Western side of the site. The settlements are bordering a hill located on the northern side of the site which peaks 150 meters higher than the site located at the bottom of the hill. Due to ground water the southern part of the hill consists of an area that has unstable soil and has potential risk of landslide.
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The hill is also a metropolitan park called ’Cerro El Volador’, which is fenced off all around the perimeter in order to protect the park from informal settlements. The park has rich flora and fauna, however lacks accessibility and connectivity to the city. The southern side of the site is mostly covered with grass and small bushes. It is the transitional zone between Laureles and Robledo districts. Because of complex road infrastructure southern green area is divided into small plots, it doesn’t have any function and is considered to be backside of both districts.
River Q. La Iguana is also located on the southern side of the site and unfortunately is also considered as a backside of the site. The river tends to overflow from time to time, therefore there is a must to treat the river edge to prevent area from floods. There are 2 creeks located in the site that bring water from the park down to the river. One of them is located right underneath habitable area of the site. The water of the river is polluted by many different pollutants in many different locations up the stream. However, a lot of people rely on that water for drinking, cooking, washing and sanitary needs.
MICROCLIMATE
CONNECTIVITY
EXISTING GRID & PLOT DIVISION
... TOWARDS ROBLEDO
ND
WI
01 July 05:45
18:24 12:00
E
06:17
17:52 12:00
01 January
... TOWARDS LAURELES
In terms of microclimate, the temperature is consistent during the whole year with only difference in times of dusk and dawn. Average temperature is 17C. The wind is from the North-East. Most rainfall for Medellin happens during winter months: April to November. And the dry season starts from December to March.
The site is framed by 2 roads on Western and Eastern sides. 2 other roads are penetrating the site and link Robledo and Laureles districts. These 4 Roads accommodate the main traffic flowing from one district to another. They are also connected with a road on the Laureles side which connects East and West and works as a borderline of the project site. Pedestrians and cyclists use the same roads as the cars. Due to very heavy traffic there is high level on air pollution along the main roads. There is a clear lack of pedestrian and cyclist routes that connect 2 districts together.
The differences of two districts are very much visible in the grid diagram. The lack of connectivity is also very much present. The diagram also indicates the variation of plot sizes which shows how different and complex is the project site.
1. 23
BUILT SCALE
ACTIVE ZONES
DENSITY
NATIONAL COLOMBIA UNIVERSITY
ESTADIO
The project site also stands out with the scale of its built structures. It is compact and placed along the inner street which becomes the main axis of the site. The scale of buildings increases drastically once moved to Laureles district.
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Areas in blue indicate commercial and public activity on the street level in Laureles communa. The project site has 3 main zones that shows commercial activity marked in orange.
Even though the project site consists of many compact dwellings its density is the lowest compared to areas in Laureles district. Higher density is possible and most likely needed, however buildings need to be higher in comparison with current 3-4 story dwellings.
RESIDENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
PUBLIC & LOCAL REALMS
IMPORTANT OBJECTS
recycling point/ car repair
church
1
community administration church playground
2
3
church playground
recycling point/ car repair
4
Residential area of the project site consists of 4 parts. Part 1, 2 and 3 indicates zones that date back to the beginning of Colombian conflict. People who established themselves here were IDP long time ago. From informal settlements the area grew, generated economy, developed over the years and became a functional part in the city of Medellin. The area had a very high amount of indigenous people and Afro-Colombians, but over the years it got mixed up with local Paisas. At the moment zones 1, 2 and 3 accommodate around 300 families. However, zone no.4 is different because it consists of newly displaced people that arrived to the area 5 years ago. That is 22 families (80 people out of which 35 are kids). At the moment new IDP live at the riverfront which floods from time to time. They have no economy to sustain themselves financially and struggle integrate themselves into Medellin urban life.
Area consists of 2 main connections for local circulation. The central core street - that’s where most of the commercial activity happens. Its width varies in size 5m to 10m. The street connects all the old residential parts and links to the main roads on the Eastern and Western parts. Blue marked street is the local pedestrian path which is located just next to the riverfront. It is very intimate and definitely give a certain charm to the site. At the moment it is used for backside entrances to the houses facing the river.
The project site does not consist of only residential units. It also includes several churches, playgrounds and community administration building. There are also 2 recycling / car repair areas located on the Western and Eastern parts of the site.
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