THE HUMOUR

The use of humour is a resource that is used on a daily basis in our lives. There are different types of humour: satirical, dark humour, clean humour... Humour can become a great tool to ridicule the enemy and to rally the people. It can act as a catalyst for social cohesion as well as for socialising

collective emotions and feelings such as fear, anguish,

uncertainty, anger, which are so often experienced during a period of war. We all want to laugh, and laughter has many

physical and psychological benets.

Graphic humour is a language rich in genres and performers, and is mainly expressed through jokes, comic strips, cartoons

and personal caricatures.

In many parts of the world, however, the humourist, the

comic, the cartoonist continue to be persecuted professions.

Villalba (2017) explains:

Palestinian cartoonist Mohammad Sabaaneh of Cartooning for Peace was imprisoned in Israel for a few months, incommunicado [in 2013]. Syrian cartoonist Ali Farzat became famous because he was kidnapped and had his ngers broken [in 2011]. There are cartoonists who have suffered physical reprisals and their integrity is in danger. Here, it' s difcult to leave the house andget fuckedup witha fewpunches. The most that can happen is thatthey don 'tcallyou anymore.

The phrase "Je suis Charlie" (I am Charlie) became a trending topic on social media in January 2015 after the attack on the

satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo in Paris. The attack, in which twelve of the magazine ' s staff were killed, was claimed by Daesh, where among other reasons they claimed the number of ghters returning to France, the country ' s jihadist target. The weekly had been threatened since 2006 for caricaturing the Prophet Mohammed, because according to Islam, deities cannot be depicted. Two years after the attack, the weekly reopened its doors to continue satirizing current affairs, political and religious gures, with no intention of giving up what they consider to be

their fundamental rights.

However, these attacks are not only carried out against artists but also against communicators and journalists. They are even more frequent among artists and journalists in countries

such as Syria or Iraq, who have been kidnapped by extremist groups and in some cases killed for simply exercising their freedom of expression.

In other countries, for example in Mexico, the murder of

journalists because of their investigations into political

corruption or organised crime is a social scourge that, unfortunately, is commonplace. Graphic art is a further

component of the media, which is one of the latent conicts in

today ' s societies, where intransigence even in the

governmental sphere is on the increase * .

An example of this rising trend of intransigence is the extreme

radicalisation of some traditionally centre-right parties '

discourse on immigration or gender.

It is very important that students become aware of this

problem as a complex and global phenomenon that occurs in

all types of societies.

Text extracted from: Articompromís durantla Guerra Civil, unaperspectiva des de la cultura depau https://www.museunacional.cat/ca/art-i-compromis-0

Guía Educart Dossiers: https://www.museunacional.cat/sites/default/les/art-icompromis _ 28gener.pdf, pág. 63-66.

0 CREATION OF THE WORKSHOP

The initial design for this workshop was prepared by Aline Soberón, one of the authors of the book and the exhibition, and Idoia Orbe, head of Education at the Gernika Peace Museum.