Gsapp portfolio

G MAKN I K A MU E R S U T FU A O N ING FUColumbia GSAPP Portfolio of Muso Z Fan

May 10. 2016(zf2163)

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Telling the future, when it comes right down to it, is not solely a human yearning. It is the fundamental nature of any organism, and perhaps any complex system.

Telling the future is what organisms are for.

Kevin Kelly /Out of Control/

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TABLE OF CONTENS Manifesto Suggestions for Future Human Being and the New Architect

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Extreme Design Professor: Mark Wigley

Future Working Immaterial Production Nomad Republic

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In Service Of…Culture of Service at Work and Play Advanced Studio, Columbia University, GSAPP, Summer 2015 Studio Professor: Phu Hoang

Bonus\Future Service Extended Research and Study Based on the Studio Topic In Service Of…Culture of Service at Work and Play This study corresponds with the “Tesla Vector Field Transmission Technology” part in the 2nd Studio Design

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Future Mobility Infrastructure & Sharing Economy

History of Architecture Theory Lecture 2: Exciting 2015 [This is a fiction Movie] Abstract Engineering BART + Tesla and City of Fremont Advanced Studio IV, Columbia University, GSAPP, Fall 2015 Michael Bell, Professor of Architecture 4

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Future Production Civilization & Space Colonization Factory of Factories

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Advanced Studio VI, Columbia University, GSAPP, Spring 2016 Benjamin Aranda, Principal Instructor, Daniel Bosia, CoTeacher

Technology Transformable Design\BigData\VR\AR

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GSAPP Tech & Visual Study Electives Chuck Hoberman, Danil Nagy, Farzin Lotfi-Jam,Toru Hasegawa, Mark L. Collins

Architecture is always about re-designing human.

Mark Wigley

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Suggestions for Future Human Being and the New Architect

As it is, the title of this passage is definitely too bold and reckless for the readers, even if I put a word “humble” in front of the word “suggestions” it does not help so much. Who the hell do you think you are? Why should I listen to you?

Of course, my purpose here is not to humiliate myself, what I want is to point out the current situation that architects are enjoying fewer and fewer attentions and responsibilities in the process of building human civilization. If I exchange the subject from me to the “architect”, it’s true as well.

The direct response would be, “in which situation should I listen to an architect’s suggestion?”

“Maybe when I bought a house or condo?” I’m sorry, your architect friend might feel offensive and say “I’m not an interior designer”. Then you found no excuse to talk about it. If your architect friend was really mad and ask, one might say “Relax dude, honestly I really don’t care so much about the building form, even if I walk into my office building everyday, I cannot draw the building facade from my memory”, which ironically constitutes almost 80% of architects’ efforts on a modern office/residential tower project. People would rather lower their heads down to see more 6

about the texts and graphs on their iPhone screen, than raise their heads up to see the delicate pattern and design of the building facade, albeit most of the information on your iPhone are basically redundant information and mean nothing to your own life. For them, architecture is so far away and boring, iPhone is so close and intimate, and the real city life is actually inside the magic 5.5-inch big iPhone. “I don’t need an architect, just give me a bunch of apps, I will own the city!” Uber, Airbnb, Yelp and Google Maps, they are taking over the control of the buildings and the whole city.

The “tiny” iPhone in your hand becomes the real “shelter” of humanity: “I feel safe when my phone have enough power and connected to the internet.

I feel stressful and lonely when my phone’s power runs out and lost connection to the internet”.

Architecture are left behind as the servant to the iPhone apps, what about architects? They were even forgotten to nowhere.

Are we already in an extreme condition now? Is this extreme condition for human being or for the architects? Is that too alarmist?

Uber, Airbnb, Yelp and Google Maps, they are taking over the control of the buildings and the whole city.

I still remember that afternoon, after one architecture history class in Columbia University, I stopped professor Mark Wigley and asked his view on the future of architecture, either be optimistic or pessimistic. He just casually replied “I don’t know, both could be possible.” It was a little bit shock to me at that moment, when I

was actually already expecting a theory and all the arguments that support it from him, because that’s what I think all the architects in the world are doing - excited to manifest a new world. But later I gradually understand the position behind it as an historian. History never has a right or wrong binary evaluation criteria. Indeed, the human 7

The ‘tiny’ iPhone in your hand becomes the real ‘shelter’ of humanity: “I feel safe when my phone have enough power and connected to the internet. I feel stressful when my phone’s power runs out and lost connection to the internet”.

being need architect to give them a direction or perspective to live with , but either this prediction or fascination for future is right or wrong doesn’t mean that much from the perspective of history.

The most important thing is architect’s position in leading the construction of human civilization, they need to scrutinize the world’s law and understand the systematic logic behind it, they need to digest it, represent it in a comprehensible way, and even warn it at the right time to the human being.

That’s the reason why I extract “architect” from “the human being” and juxtaposition the two in the title, and that’s also the reason why I didn’t put the word “humble” before “suggestion”. This job requires a lot observation and dedication, nobody else could do it and they should take the initiative. The medieval city is a city of diseases, so Le Corbusier stands out and describe architecture as the medicine. The architects are the people who give the human being suggestions, they are the protector of the humanity, and the last defender of our physical and mental boundary. Even if the human civilization is doomed to migrate into the inner cosmic virtual universe(will explain later in this passage), the architects should be the builder of the virtual shelter to protect the human being.

That’s my understanding of the position of the ar8

chitect, and so is the position of this passage: for one thing, give suggestions to the human being from the perspective of an architect, for the other thing, save the contemporary architects from the clumsy routine, introduce the new world and help them upgrade into the new architect. The passage below will stripe off the structure of nowadays human society layer by layer, and give some general suggestions for the next generation New Architect based on these observations.

I. Technology The German architectural theorist Oswald Mathias Ungers raised a question in the 1960s: “Was ist Architektur?(What is architecture)”, in which he tried to analyse the core concept of architecture from the etymological approach. He first distinguished the word “Architektur”(more about architecture) with “Baukunst”(more about construction), which were often confused as one at that time, and then analysed the two Greek etyma of the world “Architektur” - “Archi” and “Technos”.

“Archi” means important and supreme, this prefix was transformed to “Erz” in German, the word “Erzbischhof” is a good example, which means “Archbishop” in English. “Technos” is nowadays’ “Technik” in German, which means technology, but Ungers argued that, the meaning of “Technos” was largely abbreviated and reduced, it should have three layers of meanings: the first is

Was ist Architektur, Ungers Architekturlehre, Arch+, P13-16, 2006

“Handwerk”, which means the use of natural materials, and all the artificial handworks, for example, use wood to build shelters and use the straw to weave a mat; the second is “Wissenschaft”, which could be translated into “Science”, means make use of the natural forces, such as wind power and waterpower; the third part “Kunst” is also the most obscure one, “Kunst” is “art”, but this art means the human’s desire to give ideas and meanings a form. These three meanings combined together, explained meaning of technology, and the supreme version of this “technology”, is the meaning of the “architecture”.

Although this explanation happened half a century ago, it delicately elaborates the primitive aspects of architecture - Architecture is Technology itself, and it is a theory of different technologies.

If I was allowed to develop on Ungers three layers of architecture(or technology), the first and second layers are all about the human - nature relationship, it’s looking outwards. Architecture there sets a boundary between human and the outer environment. Because human being are so fragile, we cannot survive in extreme conditions, like extreme temperature, humidity, loud sound, strong wind, thunderstorm and even tsunami.

Therefore, architecture was first introduced as an technology to protect ourselves and harness the nature resources. No matter it’s a tree house or an excavated cave, it provides a shelter to escape from the extreme temperature, humidity, loud sound, strong wind, thunderstorm and even tsunami. Although technology itself has largely expanded its scope and limits through thousands of years evolution, this basic rule stays as the core spirits of architecture and technology and lasts till today, you can hardly say any architecture or technology that is not following this core spirits. Through years, glasses and telescopes

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Human being are keep outsourcing our fragility and capabilities to technologies around us, but on the contrary, human being are actually becoming more and more fragile becomes our eye, shoes and cars becomes our legs, iPhone and computer becomes our memory and brains, they are protecting our daily life from being clumsy and stupid, and even protecting ourselves from being in danger. Human being are keep outsourcing our fragility and capabilities to technologies around us, for the purpose of living better, but on the contrary, in a sense the human being are actually becoming more and more fragile, you are nothing without the technology and architecture, you cannot survive a day in a world without architecture and technology. Therefore, may I ask you a simple question, are you still a human without technology?

I often say that iPhone has already taken over our memories, I had to open the photo album and jump to a certain day to see the pictures I took at that day, to help me memorize what I had done in that day. We will never be able to recall the details of that day without the help of the pictures, in that sense, the details of your life store in iPhone, if your iPhone is lost, you life seems damaged, maybe we could name a new disease based on this, call it “memory details deficiency disease”,

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which sounds like certain part of neurons in your brain is damaged. Well, another interesting fact is that iPhone itself is also a device that is super fragile and depends on a universe of other stuff, like the charger, the shell, the earphone and the universe of apps. The purity and beauty of the minimalist design of iPhone lies on the outsourcing of its other capabilities, which enables it to be thin, light and smart. Human being will probably be the same in the future, by keep outsourcing their capabilities to technologies, they become thinner, lighter and smarter.

The third layer of architecture/technology is then all about the human “self”, it’s the construction of a inner universe, it’s looking inwards. This layer was often neglected in the history of architecture theories, only some very smart guys will have the ability to touch the inner architecture parts, such as Le Corbusier, Buckminster Fuller, etc. But this part of architecture(as a technology) will be very important in nowadays situation, because the world(or the objects of the world) is now dematerializing itself into information. The year 2016 is regarded as the first year of the Virtual Reality

Screenshots from movie <The Matrix>

era, all the tech companies with the largest market value are investing huge money in the virtual world. Facebook invested in Oculus rift, Google has cardboard and just founded an individual VR department, Magic Leap received 1.1billion of investment without showing any product or releasing some key features to the market. The world of the Matrix is coming, but the human being seems not ready. What a world will we be living in, who gonna protect the human being in the virtual world. In the movie of Matrix it’s the architect, but let me ask, are you ready, my dear architects?

From above analysis, we could see that architecture and technology actually have the same roots, they are even the same thing in the very beginning, both of which are all deeply intertwined with the concept of human being. Technology is the most human part of the human being, even though we never realize it, or would like to accept it. It becomes more and more dominant in the world of human society, and also largely deprives the function of architecture, or from another perspective, it is the “architecture” of the modern society. There’s once a very popular joke discussing the difficulty of giving human being a definition, for example one said the living organism who use two legs to walk, then somebody else would say chicken is also like that, but it’s undeniable that “technology” is something unique and exclusive to the human being. The difference of human and other species is that we have technology, you could describe human by technology, because just as we discussed above, human is technology from the very beginning.

So what’s the suggestions for the new architects?

I think it’s obvious that architecture is already left behind by the technology, or in other words technology has already became the new forms of architecture. We would accept this basic premise that the world is keeping subdivide and differentiate itself into a more complicated and networked system, by outsourcing its capabilities and fra-

gility to other parts of the system. Each single unit of this broad network will be more and more categorized and specified. But architects might be the only species who are reversing this trend, because they need to see the general picture for the human being, so they cannot be subdivided and differentiated, they had to learn more and climb up to the top of this evolution tree, in order to understand the whole structure and give suggestions to the human beings. The second law of thermodynamics describes the world of an entropy increase system, I believe the architects should be the doctor who tried to reduce the entropy a little bit avoiding the human being from falling so fast.

Therefore, they need to be saved from the paperwork and introduced to a broader world of new technologies. The field of computer science are already much advanced than architecture, lately there’s an emerging trend in the industry called “the rise of full stack architects”, which means who know both front end client needs and back end server requirements, they are the architects who write the rules and protocols for the whole system, they are the ones to increase the system efficiency and reduce the redundancy. As you see, certain new types of architects are already emerging in different disciplines. If the new architect could grasp the skills from both physical world and the virtual world, they definitely would do more things.

Each single unit of this broad network will be more and more categorized and specified. But architects might be the only species who are reversing this trend, because they need to see the general picture for the human being.

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What Technology Wants, Kevin Kelly

The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins

II.Data and Information Now we understand technology is such an important concept in architecture and human, then what is technology? In the book <What technology wants> written by the co-founder of Wired, Kevin Kelly, he also described technology as an extension to life, but he has a pretty interesting and controversial perspective, from the technology itself. He coined a word called “Technium”, see this “Technium” as an organism and espouse a teleological view of biological evolution, which has been criticized and rejected by some scientists as well. However this kind of theory is pretty strong and has many believers in the general public, especially when it comes to Artificial Intelligence topic. A similar topic is the singularity point .Because these topics are really related to ourselves, so it raised a lot intention and questions. Is Technology really the 7th organism in the earth? Will human being itself soon be left behind? What will the AI do to us when singularity point really comes?

From my point of view, it really doesn’t matters so much to us human being. The problem of the singularity point is not when it will come and what 12

will happen, the real situation might be you will never feel it when it comes. If the AI or the “Technium” is the more advanced form of organism, you can never understand it as a simple and primitive human being. Take the cell - human relationship for example, it’s obvious that even if the human is made of cells, cell will never understand what are the human being thinking about, they just don’t have that higher level of wisdom, although they have their own complicity and collaboration system. The singularity might even already come, but it does not have any relationship with human being any more. However all these thoughts are based on assumptions as well, should not be treated as a theory or conclusion. But I suppose that, the reason why “technology” represents so many interesting biological features, is just because it has deep roots with human and architecture as we discussed in the first chapter. One thing for sure is that, technology in some means is very similar to the human gene. When I was reading Kevin Kelly’s <What technology wants>, I feel very familiar to another book by Richards Dawkins <The Selfish Gene>. The things they have in common are the tendency of regeneration

The things they have in common are the tendency of regeneration and propagation. The gene is passing the genetic information, so what technology wants? Maybe also the information? and propagation. The gene is passing the genetic information, so what technology wants? Maybe also the information?

When the future human being look back to the time period we are now living, they might think this is a period of crazy fascination of quantifying ourselves. Look at all the devices around you, they are all quantifying yourself in a different way.

The fitbit on your wrist is tracking your heart rate and walking distance, your credit card is tracking your financial status and your “credit”, your medical record is tracking your health status, your iPhone and Macbook is tracking your thoughts and memories. These data were collected and connected into the broader network for analysis and prediction, and then give feedback on you to let you be a better “you”, so the fitbit might warn you when you walk less and are in bad health condition, the credit card might warn you when your bank account balance is low, your insurance company might adjust your fee according to your medical record, and your iPhone and all the social network apps like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram might warn you to say hello to a old friend when detecting you have no connection with him or her for a long time, in case that your relationship broke up. Everybody is unintentionally creating a digital mirror in the virtual world, this new you is comprised with multiple layers of information. It was until the virtual “you” send the warnings to

you that you realize there’s a virtual you on the internet, and ironically this virtual “you” is declaring that he’s even better than you, and ask you to be as good as “he” is. When the warning shows on the screen of fitbit, and says today you walk less than 1000 steps and you might be live 5 years shorter if you keep like this, you were already a slave of the technology or the virtual “you”.

So here comes the “Satan’s deal”, technology is seducing the human being to give more data to it, and as an exchange, it gives you a “better version of you”. The “better” could mean “healthier”, “happier”, “cheaper”, but the purpose behind it is get more data from you. There’s no room for bargaining between you and technology, they will always find a way to let you give them more data.

In order to discuss data, we need to first differentiate data from information. Data is the raw material we got, after certain kind of processing, it becomes information and surprisingly has a meaning. When information is collected and structured, it will become knowledge. The abstraction and deduction from the knowledge will finally generate wisdom. Data is actually nothing with itself, it only has meaning when it’s connected. For example, your step data on your fitbit will only tell you how many steps you walked, whether it’s 10 steps or 1000 steps seems make no big difference. But if the data was put into the sea of data, they will compare and understand the data and then give you feedback, such as your steps

So here comes the “Satan’s deal”, technology is seducing the human being to give more data to it, and as an exchange, it gives you a “better version of you”.

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in the end, technology will directly reading data from human being, in order to get the data from the whole physical world. Human being would be the final and most efficient data collecting gadgets on the earth. are lower than the average walking steps at your age, you might live 5 years longer if you reach 1000 steps everyday, many people whose walking behaviour are similar to you have 70% possibilities of having a heart attack, would you check the solutions and let me recommend some insurance companies? The girl you liked on Tinder are running on same park everyday just two hours later than you , would you like to adjust your daily running time? You will never think of all these scenarios with the single fitbit data, but if this single fitbit data was connected to the broader network, it no longer is just a single data, it is the network itself. From that we could see, the only purpose for data is just to get connected. So all the technology now, has this single tendency of getting more and more data from the human being and get them connected to the network. This is a constant process of quantifying and dematerializing the physical world into the virtual world. Nowadays, we could still see a lot of sensors and cameras trying to get more data from human being, but I believe, in the end, technology will directly reading data from human being, in order to get the data from the whole physical world. Human being would be the final and most efficient data collecting gadgets on the earth.

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This is actually not just an assumption, if you check this year’s annual software developer-focused conferences by Google and Facebook, this tendency can hardly be more obvious. Facebook wants to launch the plane and satellite to build a communication network, getting more people connected to the internet and become their users

to collect more data. Google has a similar plan of project loon, but they are more interested in machine learning and artificial intelligence, in order to better understand and analysis the data they collected, and then give a better feedback.

These two tech giant are leading the silicon valley’s developing trend, but they are also ignorantly led by the own needs of technology. Another very important field is Virtual Reality, that actually has more correlation with data, because the whole logic of data is about efficiency, and this efficiency has another two dimensions, one is accuracy, the other is speed, which is very similar to the general concepts of communication theory.

The reason behind the fact that we are constant dematerializing and transforming data and information into the virtual world is just the because in physical world no matter the quantity or the speed of data and communication has a physical limits, it’s non efficient, but in virtual world, we could have endless amount of data and the fastest speed of communication(if you consider the conjugate quantum variables, there will be no decay(attenuation) or misconception during the communication process), which could also be used as an explanation to the “Fermi paradox”, however, that deserves another chapter for discussion, let’s stop by this.

So what’s the suggestions for the new architects?

If finally we gonna give all of our data, should architects assist this process or defend it? At least for the current situation, architecture hasn’t even upgrade itself to a data-ready situation. Architects have no voice on this issue. Nowadays the build-

Courtesy of Case/Wework

ings are dead, certain parts are missing in the data communication process, which means on the other hand, it shows a lot space to upgrade and improve. As this kind of pioneer, the sharing economy company “Wework” has already initiated a good start. Wework has acquired the former research institute “Case” from the architecture firm “SOM”, and now they are analysing the buildings and trying to read the information from the buildings. If you consider it from the communication theory or more specifically Claude Shannon’s information theory, building a communication system between the physical world and the human being is huge field for future architects. Of course the dull architecture firm “SOM” won’t be able to think in that way, they should belongs to a subdivided specialized tiny branch of the civilization tree, and back to the first technology part discussion, they also don’t have the right skillsets for doing this thing. Actually all the “new architects” in Wework are using the common tools from computer science industry to do the architecture work, they don’t even use PPT for presentation, which in return proves the first suggestion that the new architects need new skillsets.

Another important direction from the design part is the feedback loop system, which is a very common but classic concept from the game design theory. In that case, the future architecture would like the fancy technology gadgets, they must be able to interact with the human being.

In that sense, the architect’s job will like nowadays UX(User Experience) designer, and even will emerge another new profession of UX(Urban

Experience) designer. This user determined architecture will fundamentally change the direction of architecture design. Traditional architecture lacks this feedback loop, so architects have the dominant control over the whole project, the direct result of which is the superficial personal tag architectural style.

However, the final Architecture design, may end up with the Privacy Design, as the technology is gradually seducing the human being to give out their data and sovereignty, architects should take the responsibility to warn them. Technology has already gradually changed our perception of privacy, and there’s already a mind gap between different generations. The millennials are much more open and free than their parents. They are more easy to get used to the new technology and use it, so we see young people start to open youtube channels to broadcast their own life, they want to turn their whole life into digital, they are successfully transformed into the living datasets with no privacy. The privacy here means the boundary between the inner self and the outer world, this might be the final architecture that human being are building, especially in the future virtual world, what kind of privacy could you still have, how much percentage of humanity are you still keeping, how to persuade yourself that you are still human being, or what does human being mean in the future?

However, the final Architecture design, may end up with the Privacy Design, as the technology is gradually seducing the human being to give out their data and sovereignty, architects should take the responsibility to warn them.

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NOMAD REPUBLIC In Service Of…Culture of Service at Work and Play Advanced Studio, Columbia University, GSAPP, Summer 2015 Studio Professor: Phu Hoang Studio TA: Kamilla Csegzi

The studio is based on the notion of service and its changing form in architecture, urban and, of course, social domains.

Service is defined as the performance of work or activity for another—in cities, it is in the form of high speed broadband internet, hotel concierge information, or even architecture work.

In the global capital of New York City, a robust service economy takes many different forms as it continues to replace manufacturing as the city’s main economy. The technologically driven growth of New York’s financial, hospitality, media and creative services has produced a “culture of service” that is simultaneously omnipresent and invisible. New York City, transformed into a service city, physically manifests “work” in the food delivery cold rooms of luxury condominium towers, the communal workspace of boutique hotels, and the Amazon delivery lockers embedded within nameless local delis.

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THE FUTURE OF WORKING & ORGANIZATION & COMMUNICATION & BUILDING SERVICE

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Most of the Skills learned at school have no use in work

Intrinsic Requirment For Architectural Space Evolution

Frequently Change Job

24x7 Hours of Working Mobile Phone made us working all the time Working Culture Has Changed

Outsourcing Blurred boudary between work/life

Tendency Decentralization Parcelization Globalization

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Capitalism Decentralization

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Where have all the workers gone?

Why are all the services becoming invisable?

The history shows us a clear clue of how capital flow lead to the social change and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception of service. There are 3 different stages during the development of capitalism, it is once accumulated and centralised even into monopoly, and till now, it is gradually becoming decentralized and dispersed, merging into the core of internet services.

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Sharing Economy Chronology INFORMATION

RELATIONSHIP

OWNERSHIP

Facebook 2004.2.4

LIBERATION

Airbnb 2008.8

MUNICIPAL? Google 1998.9.4

GOVERNMENT?

Wework 2010.2.15

Linkedin 2002.12

PUBLIC SAFETY? CAPITAL?

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ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT BETWEEN MUSO AND HIS COLLEAGUES

10:00 am TIME TO GO TO WORK

CHINA

HUSKI & KEVIN & STEVE LOCATION: SHANGHAI

VIDE SEAMLESS SERVICE UNDER SHARING ECONOMY PRINCIPALS

10:00 pm TIME TO GO TO BED

US

MUSO LOCATION: NEW YORK

the analysis was based on a hypothetical situation of cross nation collabration of an real architectural project between muso and his colleagues. although physical coworking is not possible, the networked service could cross the geographical barrier and provide seamless service under sharing economy principals

Globalization The sharing econmy and its culture of service is both omnipresent and invisible. Nowadays, networked service has dramatically changed the way people use the building service and urban service. They even changed the way how people work and how people perceive work, which is greatly reshaped by globalization and technique advancement. Mobile devices and other interfaces has made people connected with work 24/7. We are constantly in the process of working. However, the work itself, has been subdividing and fractionizing into parcels as well. It has a lifespan, it is temporary, and it is now migrating from material world to the network.

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GLOBAL//

Crowd Sourcing/

THE DOWNLOAD/UPLOAD SPEED AND BANDWIDTH AFFECTS THE CO-CORKING EXPERIENCE, IN TERMS OF THE SPECIFIC PROJECT, IT WILL SLOW DOWN THE CONSTRUCTION TIME

BRYANT PARK FILE SIZE 51.1 DOWNLOAD 11161.6 TIME 0.07813455657

42ND ST FILE SIZE 51.1 DOWNLOAD 470 TIME 1.855546099

CHELSEA FILE SIZE 51.1 DOWNLOAD 566 TIME 1.540824499

SOHO WEST FILE SIZE 51.1 DOWNLOAD 2016 TIME 0.4325925926

Crowd Sourcing has changed how we work, previously, all the jobs are finished like in factory, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a linear production process, human are treated like machines. We have to finish one job and then hand it over to our colleagues, if one fails, it will make the whole team delay.

The disadvantage is so obvious, so nowadays modern work are finished in a non-linear way, people from different space and time work together on one single project. The division of work will no longer be limited to a single method, people could choose what they are good at, by outsourcing the job, the whole work will be finished even quicker and more efficient.

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DORIS GUANGZHOU 21 UNITS

HUSKI SHANGHAI 34 UNITS

MUSO NEW YORK 36 UNITS

KEVIN BEIJING 25 UNITS

WEWORK PHYSICAL & NETWORK SERVICES MAKE ONE CONSTRUCTION DISTRIBUTED BY DIFFERENT COUNTRY / PERSON AVAILABLE 100%

11%

31%

85%

100%

0%

24%

86%

100% 100%

100%

20%

40%

72%

88%

100%

12%

35%

47%

100%

100%

11%

30%

70%

97%

25

3763359 sqm

BRYANT PARK

MADISON

42ND ST

NOMAD PARK SOUTH CHELSEA GRAMERCY 500m

500m PEDESTRIAN WALKABLE SERVICE RING

ALL THE WEWORK SPACES IN MANHATTEN MIDTOWN CREATE A NETWORK WHICH EXPANDS THE SERVICE AREA FOR WEWORK

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9:00 AM

COFFEE

12:00 PM

RESTAURANT

6:00 PM

APARTMENT

9:00 PM

NIGHT CLUB

12:00 AM

HOTEL

SERVICE TYPE OVERLAY IN TERMS OF TIME AND PROGRAM

URBAN//

OutSourcing Urban Service 27

LOCAL// Wework as an distributed building

MADISON 2 FLOOR IN THE MIDDLE

Wework is actually no big difference with traditional other office space provider, but they operate it like an internet company, and but this company (or office building) a distributed system, which is radically different from the traditional office provider.

Imagining there’s a Wework building which contains all the wework offices in New York, this building provide the typical wework style service, but it’s distributed, which means it occupies more area in New York and has more services. It’s a broad working network instead of a centralised office tower.

This is actually the core concept of all the sharing economy, we could imagining AirBnB as the distributed hotel system which offers the unified AirBnB style service, and Uber as the distributed transportation system which offers the unified Uber style service.

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CHELSEA 2 FLOOR 2ND AND 3RD

BLOCK SE

BRYANT PARK 2 FLOOR ON THE GROUND

NOMAD 2 FLOOR IN THE MIDDLE

42ND ST 5 FLOOR 3 FLOORS FROM 15-17 2 FLOORS FROM 19-20

ERVICE>>BUILDING SERVICE>>WEWORK SERVICES

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Site Condition//

G

SC

CO WO RK IN

CIRCULATION INTERACTION

HO O

L

Make Use of Light Shaft

MASSING

BO UG H

TL

BO UG H

IGH TR

IGH TR

TS

IGH

TS

UR

BA N

LO BB Y

TL

IGH

LIGHT SHAFT

NEW YORK URBAN TYPOLOGY

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URBAN LIGHTSHAFT NETWORK

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Cafeteria

PRIVATE

Cafeteria Ramp to Upstair

Security Gate

PRIVATE

Community Garden

Bike Parking Reception

Lobby

Security GateReception

PUBLIC

Ramp to Upstair

Security Gate

PRIVATE PUBLIC

STAY//REST

STAY//R

PRIVATE

Community Garden

Bike Parking

Security Gate

Lobby Mailbox

Bikeway

Mailbox

Bikeway

A good interface to interact with other urban services is crucial in future office building design, because many building services will be outsourced to the city.

Open ground floor would be a very important strategy for future working space, because many services will be outsourced to the society, for example, providing food drinks, when the food order could be instant, especially when machine learning was introduced, building services could be reduced to the minimal. A good interface to interact with other urban services is crucial in future office building design, the open ground floor strategy is a very good option.

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Immaterial Production FORDISM Ford Assembly Line By immaterial and biopolitical we try to grasp together the production of ideas, information, images, knowledges, code, languages, social relationships, affects, and the like.

-Michael Hardt, The Common in Communism

COMMUNICATION

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New Types of Working TRADITIONAL CONGLOMERATE

NOWADAYS TASK BASED FAST COMPANY

THEY ARE BECOMING....

1.TINY AND MORE TARGETED 2.EPHEMERAL 3.FLAT ORGANIZATION 4.MORE ABOUT IMMATERIAL PRODUCTION

THEY WANT TO BE....

1.BIGGER, MORE BRANCHES 2.LONGER LASTING IN THE INDUSTRY 3.STRICT HIEARCHY 4.MORE ABOUT MATERIAL PRODUCTION

FORDISM

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM COWORKING ENVIRONMENT

DEDICATED OFFICE PROCESS 1

PROCESS 2

Encourage Communication & Discussion

PROCESS 3

Assemble Line // Discussion is forbidden to increase efficiency

BORN

ADOLESCENCE

Free individuals with different talents organized by projects \tasks\ideas

MATURITY

Mentored by different groups of specialists, to help realise their goal.

OPEN COWORKING ENVIRONMENT

A Temporary Company with a group of people sharing the same goal, which is good for keep group privacy and keep away competitiors.

DEDICATED OFFICE

DECEASE

When this goal is achieved, company will die, talents will redistribute and reorganize into another network of relationship.

OPEN COWORKING ENVIRONMENT

VENTURE CAPITAL

SCHOOL (INCUBATOR)

WORKGROUP (COMPANY)

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BUILDING SERVICE BE ARRANGED AND RE-ALLOCATED BY NETWORK SERVICES VIRTUAL/PHYSICAL

Thirty years ago, in many factories there were signs posted that commanded: “Silence, men at work!” Whoever was at work kept quiet. One began “chatting” only upon leaving the factory or the office. The principle breakthrough in post-Fordism is that it has placed language into the workplace. Today, in certain workshops, one could well put up signs mirroring those of the past, but declaring: “Men at work here. Talk!”

A certain number of standard utterances is not what is required of the worker; rather, an informal act of communication is required, one which is flexible, capable of confronting the most diverse possibilities -Paolo Virno a Grammar of the Multitude 36

TASKS: LOOKING FOR ONE CONFERENCE ROOM

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54.0m

Section Cut

section reinvention to make the flowing space possible

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service

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Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service

Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service

Coworking Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Conference Coworking

Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service Coworking Service

Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Library/School Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office Coworking Dedicated Office

DEDICATED OFFICE DEDICATED OFFICE COWORKING

COWORKING

COWORKING LIBRARY

DEDICATED OFFICE

COWORKING EXHIBITION COWORKING

COWORKING

DEDICATED OFFICE

PLAYGROUND COWORKING

COWORKING

COWORKING

COWORKING AUDITORIUM COWORKING

COWORKING STORAGE URBAN LOBBY

URBAN LOBBY

multiple means of circulation would encourage communication and interaction

CROSS FLOOR COMMUNICATION

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#PARK LIVE SHOW MEETING CLIENT

*People 2 People

*Individual 2 People

*Offline 2 Online *Customer 2 Customer

UBER CARD SERVICE

In the future office buildings, the concept of floor will disappear, because both the floor and the rooms are keeping changing their position in space and open or close status according to userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements.

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INSTACART DELIVERY *Business 2 Customer

NON-LINEAR EXPERIENCE OF USING SPACE In the future office buildings, the concept of floor will disappear, because both the floor and the rooms are keeping changing their position in space and open or close status according to userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements. We are using the space different from what we did before. So a new kind of positioning system should be introduced to future building system.

As we mentioned in the past passages, the

ground floor is very important as an interface to interact with the city and urban services, so the first floor might become bigger and have multiple programs, this trend has already becoming obvious when we look at most podium design for the highrise tower, but thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also a possiblity that the ground floor will offer direct connection to the upper ground, currently we only have lifts, but the form of this connection might vary in the near future.

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DAY 45. LECTURE ON STARTUP Whole team listened to the lecture on startup at the early stage of their own business, feel very helpful and inspiring.

NAP CABIN Work 24X7 is very common in the very first period of startup

DAY15 GROUP MEETING Group meeting to decide if they need to register a company and move to dedicated office.

DAY8. SEEKING HELP SPECIALISTS

Technical problem pos intranet, some speciali another floor could hel

DAY 90. VENTURE

Private meeting wit Venture capital, Se Round.

DAY 1 PREMEET

DAY 1. CONCEPT Idea start from discussion with other members in coworking.

OPEN SPACE GYM

DAY 60. BIGGE

Team becomes product/servic to move again with bigger off

+6.00 m Open Floor 44

DAY 30. LAUNCH A COMPANY Whole team migrate to the one of the dedicated office, start working towards the same direction.

+9.20 m Dedicated Floor

FROM

st on ists on lp solve it.

DAY 30. LAUNCH A COMPANY Whole team migrates to one of the dedicated office, start working for the same goal.

DAY3. BRAINSTORMING Open discussion and Brainstorming for the original idea.

th eed

DAY 1. CONCEPT Idea start from discussion with other members in coworking.

186.

-IPO TING

DAY200. TEAM SPLIT Some member quit the team with stock share bonus, and return to coworking space, looking for the next project.

ER COMPANY

s extreme big as the ce grows, they need to another floor fice space

+27.00 m Mix Floor

+33.00 m Mix Floor 45

DAY 90. INCUBATOR EDUCATION WEEK

DAY 30. LAUNCH A COMPANY Moved to closed dedicated office for the purpose of confidentiality.

DAY 1. CONCEPT Idea starts from discussion with other members in coworking space, then they decide to realize this idea.

DAY 10. BUILD UP TEAM Recruiting people from differe backgrounds(Design\IT\Finan

DAY 15. PROTOTYPING Team moved to LIBRARY (Data Center) for Project Research & Prototyping

DAY 120. MEETING WITH VENTURE CAPTIAL SEED ROUND, ANGEL ROUND, SERIES A, B.....

ent nce).

DAY 365. IPO\BUY IN BUY OUT Product or Service getting mature, team realize their original dream

DAY 380. RETURN TO OPEN COWORKING Team split, some stay at the company, others quit executive team, get shareholding and then return to coworking space looking for the next opportunity

47

FUTURE SERVICES Extended Research and Study Based on the Studio Topic In Service Of…Culture of Service at Work and Play Advanced Studio, Columbia University, GSAPP, Summer 2015 Studio Professor: Phu Hoang Studio TA: Kamilla Csegzi This study corresponds with the “Tesla Vector Field Transmission Technology” part in the 2nd Studio Design

48

HUMAN BEING IS THE MOST PIPED SPECIES ON EARTH WHAT’S THE FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURE? & WHAT’S THE FUTURE OF BUILDING SERVICES? & WILL VIRTUAL REALITY CONTROL THE PHYSICAL WORLD?

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Human Being Is The Most Piped Species On Earth

OPTIC FIBER

OPTIC FIBER

PLUMBING

HVAC

ELECTRICITY WIRES

LIGHTING

DATA

WATER

HEATING/COOLING

ELECTRICITY

CURVE

CURVE

LINE

LINE

CURVE

SERVICES

OPTICAL FIBER AS THE TUNNEL FOR LIGHT & DATA

We might even provide the full service to a space by purely using the pipes

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Different Attitudes: Hide/Show

RICHARD ROGERS Centre Georges | Pompidou Paris,France | 1971-1977 | Richard Rogers

NORMAN FOSTER

Sainsbury Centre For Visual Arts| Norwich, UK |1988-1991 | Norman Foster

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Limitation of Scalar Field Service System

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LIGHTENING

HEATING

COOLING

FIRE SPRINKLER

STORAGE

TABLE & CHAIR

DATA RPOCESSING

INTERFACE & TOUCH

DISPLAY

Linear Experience Waste of Energy

LIGHTENING

FIRE SPRINKLER HEATING

E IC

RV

K OR

SE

TW

NE

STORAGE

COOLING

DATA RPOCESSING

TABLE & CHAIR

I BU

G

IN

LD

INTERFACE & TOUCH

E

IC

RV

SE

DISPLAY

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54

transform the linear pipe system to adjustable vector surface field system, but the final goal would be the vector point system

FACDE MOVEMENT + BASED ON ILLUMINATION

FACADE

MEMBRANE NETWORK +STRUCTURE

WINDOWS FOR VIEW

OPTICAL FIBER

OFFICES

LIGHT COLLECTOR +INFORMATION REFLECTOR

SCHOOL

WEWORK SPACE

URBAN LAYER

LIGHT SHAFT

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THE FUTURE OF BUILDING SERVICE

Targeted Vector Field System

Services will be targeted only at you and transported to you directly, instead of heat or light radiation, this will save most of the energy and provide better experience to you. This technology is already there, as the touchless mobile phone charging system, and also the HTC Vive VR positioning system.

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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE THEORY LECTURE 2: EXCITING 2015

Abstract Engineering BART + Tesla and City of Fremont Advanced Studio IV, Columbia University, GSAPP, Fall 2015 Michael Bell, Professor of Architecture With Yaohua Wang, Associate in Architecture [Movie Background] December 12, 2060 in Fremont, CA, USA Fall 2060, Joint Class Columbia GSAPP with GSB(Business School) [Main Character] GSAPP Professor: Mark Quickley, GSB Professor: Joseph F. Stiglitz [Character Voice] Mark Quickley: Kelly Yuen, Joseph F. Stiglitz: Muso Z. Fan

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Near Infrastructural Architecture: Our studio will focus on the future of infrastructure as an instrument of the public investment but also increasingly of architectural design. This studio is the fourth in a series that has sought to hybridize infrastructure and architecture and to extend the public economics of infrastructure and bring this to architecture and to architectural programming. The studio will seek to leverage the public nature of infrastructure as a development means for architecture and its wider social values. Our work will also look at ways in which the normative practice or real-estate in housing development can be supplanted by realizing architecture and its goals within infrastructural projects.

WHAT’S THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY? IS CAR THE PRIMITIVE FORM OF MOVING ARCHITECTURE? & IS TESLA A CAR COMPANY? & WHAT’S THE FUTURE OF INFRASTRUCTURE? & HOW DOES ARCHITECTURE RELATE WITH SHARING ECONOMY?

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Scan to Watch the Movie

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1936 Keynesian Economics Keynesian economics is the view, and the various theories about why, in the short run (and especially during recessions) economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy).

JOHN MAYNARD K

FRIEDRICH HAYEK

1935 Free Market System Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets

Mass Production CARL MARX

1929-1939 Great Depression The Great Depression was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.

1885 Capital Volume III Capital, Volume II, subtitled The Process of Circulation of Capital, is the second of three volumes of Capital: Critique of Political Economy. It was prepared by Friedrich Engels from notes left by Karl Marx and published in 1885

QuantativeEasing

Great Depression

The 2nd Industrial Revolution(Technological Revolution)

C

LE CORBUSIER

1923 Towards A New Architecture A collection of essays written by Le Corbusier, advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture.

Modern Architecture

BUCKMINSTER FULLER

ALBERT EINSTEIN

1933-1934 Dymaxion Car The Dymaxion car was designed by US inventor Buckminster Fuller during the Great Depression and featured prominently at Chicago's 1933-1934 World's Fair.

1915 Einstein field equations The Einstein field equations are the set of 10 equations in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity that describes the fundamental interaction of gravitation as a result of spacetime being curved by matter and energy.

Unified Field Theory?

ALAN TURING

1950 Computing Mach "Computing Machinery a Alan Turing and publishe seminal paper on the top which the concept of wh Turing test was introduc

Artificial Inte

Mar 4, 1908 Ford Moter, Model-T One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company.

Motor Culture

1885

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

hisotry of architecture theory

KEYNES

The trust machine

world financial crisis

Oct 31 2015 The Economist A block chain or blockchain is a permissionless distributed database based on the bitcoin protocol that maintains a continuously growing list of transactional data records hardened against tampering and revision, even by operators of the data store's nodes.

A4005 History of Architecture Theory by Professor Mark Quikley & Joseph F Stiglitz GSAPP History of Architecture Theory, class presentation, Dec 12, 2060

BlockChain Aug 22, 2014 New York Times Goldman to Pay $3.15 Billion to Settle Mortgage Claims Goldman Sachs is paying its largest bill yet to resolve a government lawsuit related to the financial crisis.

1997-2000 dotcom bubble The dot-com bubble was a historic speculative bubble covering roughly 1997–2000,during which stock markets in industrialized nations saw their equity value rise rapidly from growth in the Internet sector and related fields.

Arch& Car & Software M&A

SharingEconomy

May 16, 2025 Reuters German auto company Audi declares partnership with GMP architeckten to develop next generation mobility vehicle

Software is eating the world!

RENZO PIANO 1971-1977 Pompidou Center The Fun Palace was one of his most influential projects and inspired Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano’s early 1970s project, Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.

MARC ANDREESSEN

O2O(Online to Offline

ELON MUSK

Uber 2009.3

Tesla Motors 2003

REYNER BANHAM 1965 A Home is not a House I“The two ideas behind this are to give everyone a standard of living package containing all the necessities of modern life (shelter, food, energy, television) and to do away with all the permanent structures of building, and men would not be constrained by past settlements.

LARRY PAGE SERGEY BRIN

Google 1998.9.4

Airbnb 2008.8

Mar 4, 2016 Economist & Archdaily Tesla today buys in AECOM to start there business in construction field, and aims to build infrastructure for the future

Aug 2011 Wall Street Journal In an interview with WSJ's Kevin Delaney, Groupon and LinkedIn investor Marc Andreessen insists that the recent popularity of tech companies does not constitute a bubble.

Tesla Stream

Nov, 2030 NewYork Times Uber finally buys in SOM from Tesla, making it the biggest architecture firm in the world now.

GSAPP ABSTRACT ENGINEERING 2015 Abstract Engineering Studio Thesis from Muso Z. Fan, Columbia GSAPP Professor Michael Bell’s Studio Abstract Engineering

Breather 2012.7.1

Sep 2023 Economist Tesla buys in SOM and then becomes both the largest architecture & car company in the world

Towards a New Architecture 2.0

Wework 2010.2.15

Self Driving Tesla Human Driving banned by law in US

Solar City 2006

Wikipedia 2001.1.15

Field Theory

1986 High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) HTS are materials that behave as superconductors at unusually high temperatures. The first high-Tc superconductor was discovered in 1986 by IBM researchers Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller,who were awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics

STEPHEN HAWKING

BigData

Linkedin 2002.12

Magnetic levitation

Facebook 2004.2.4

1970

1975

1980

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1990

VisibleLightCommunication(VLC)

2009 Model S Tesla Motors begins delivering Model S electric cars in a Silicon Valley milestone.

Twitter 2006.3.21

Aug 2009, Qi (inductive power standard) The Qi system comprises a power transmission pad and a compatible receiver in a portable device.Mobile device manufacturers that are working with the standard include Asus, HTC, Huawei, LG Electronics, Motorola Mobility, Nokia, Samsung, BlackBerry, and Sony.

1984 Maglev The first commercial maglev people mover was simply called "MAGLEV" and officially opened in 1984 near Birmingham, England.

1965

Vector Field Service Transmission by Tesla 2024

September, 2015 Model-X Tesla CEO Musk launches Model X electric SUV: “safest SUV ever”

Social Network

elligence Machine Learning

1960

Commodification of Spatial Experience

architecture will change the world!

String Theory

hinery and Intelligence Quantum and Intelligence", written by ed in 1950 in Mind, is a pic of artificial intelligence in hat is now known as the ced to a wide audience.

Oct 4, 2027 NewYork Times KPF buys in wework to imagine next generation working enviroment.

Urban Mobility Infrastructure

Spotify Oct 2008

Netflix start subscription based service since 1999

Jun 2026 Wallstreat Journal Airbnb and Gensler architects merge as one company

Apr 4, 2019 The Guardian Foster buys in British luxury cars company Aston Martin and Bentley to keep provide first class moving experience.

Streaming & Subscribtion

Postmodern Architecture Ornament

Service space in Architecture

The 4th Industrial Revolution(Industrial 4.0)

2007-2010 Subprime Mortgage Crisis The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency that coincided with the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009

ROBERT VENTURI

RICHARD ROGERS

Internet of Things Golden Decade(Massive Merger&Acquisition)

Subprime Mortgage Crisis(2007-2010)

1972~1977 Learning from Las Vegas In 1972, Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour published the folio Learning from Las Vegas later revised in 1977 using the student work as a foil for new theory.

1961~1964 Fun Palace Fun Palace is Cedric Price’s most celebrated work.

Whether characterised as a giant toy or as a building-sized transformable machine, the project’s interest resides in its radical reliance on structure and technology, its exemplification of notions of time-based and anticipatory architecture.

BitCoin 2008-2009 Bitcoin Bitcoin is a digital asset and a payment system invented by Satoshi Nakamoto, who published the invention in 2008 and released it as open-source software in 2009. The system is peer-to-peer; users can transact directly without needing an intermediary.

QuantativeEasing

dot-com Bubble(1997-2000)

CEDRIC PRICE

Mass Customization

Nov 9, 2015 Wired Google Just Open Sourced TensorFlow, Its Artificial Intelligence Engine

Economy

Sep 2021 Economist LiFi is now an international standard, opening the door for lots of new and exciting products in the near future.

Technology Architecture

TensorFlow

Legend

Wireless Charging(Inductive Charging)

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2025

2030

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FACTORY OF FACTORIES Advanced Studio VI, Columbia University, GSAPP, Spring 2016 Benjamin Aranda, Principal Instructor, Daniel Bosia, CoTeacher Teaching Assistants: Joaquin Bonifaz, Stephanie Lin

The focus of this studio is the design of the next generation of factories in the American desert. The desert has long been the site of architectural imagination. Its dry air, clear skies, and unique geological formations inform and inspire the way humans inhabit it. From ancient cliff dwellings to utopian structures and movie sets, architectural experiment within the desert comes in many forms and varying degrees of permanence.

In some cases, these experiments have proven to fail, such as the gold rush era ghost towns and utopian experiments. In other cases the natural conditions have created military and civilian infrastructure projects of epic proportions.

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WHAT DOES FACTORY MEAN? WHATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THE FUTURE OF MANUFACTURE? PRODUCTION? & THE FIRST THING TO BUILD ON MARS AS THE PIONEER FOR SPACE COLONIZATION? & THE SEED FOR CIVILIZATION? & OR CIVILIZATION ITSELF? (LIKE GENE, PRODUCE AND SPREAD)

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Mars

Space Colonization Our site was in both Tucson, AZ and Mars. The site acutally gvies us the inspiration, because the desert is the perfect place for Space industry, which is very similar to the condition on Mars. If we gonna build the next generation of factory(human habitat) on Mars, we need to think Factories like an organism. We lauch a single unit to Mars though the SpaceX, when the unit hits the ground of Mars, it will grow into a factory like the seed.

Tucson 87

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Mass Production is complicated, so we need to introduce the data system to solve both Genealogy Problem and prepare for the future IoT(Internet of Things) factory.

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PROCESS IN PROCESS

Multiple Degree of Complexity Time dimension added

Degree of Complexity 1 [0]

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Use Growth System to construct a Surface

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Modular Units from Growth System Three reproductive 3d Print Machine could create a tetrahedron geometry.

Two tetrahedron together could form a octahedron, which will have the tendency to grow in one more dimension

BUILDING MODULE

The production line could be the structure to support the geometry.

The new octahedron could be used as the space for human being.

We first studied the modern 3d print technology, which enables us to 3D print the structure and surface from the sand, which is abundant raw materials in both Tuscon and Mars.

We developed this growth Algorithm to build the structure of any kinds of surfaces, and then we studied the basic modular units of our system. There are two types, type A could grow into facades which has a Z dimension, type B could grow into horizental planes providing usable space.

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Growth Theory must be introduced to the Future Scalable Factory LEARN FROM NATURE the Fibonacci sequence first appears in the book Liber Abaci (1202) by Fibonacci.Fibonacci considers the growth of an idealized (biologically unrealistic) rabbit population, assuming that: a newly born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field; rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits; rabbits never die and a mating pair always produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was: how many pairs will there be in one year?

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LEARN FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child. A recursive definition using just set theory notions is that a (non-empty) binary tree is a triple (L, S, R), where L and R are binary trees or the empty set and S is a singleton set. Some authors allow the binary tree to be the empty set as well.

In a language with records and references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a tree node structure which contains some data and references to its left child and its right child.

Sometimes it also contains a reference to its unique parent. If a node has fewer than two chil-

dren, some of the child pointers may be set to a special null value, or to a special sentinel node.

This method of storing binary trees wastes a fair bit of memory, as the pointers will be null (or point to the sentinel) more than half the time; a more conservative representation alternative is threaded binary tree.

In languages with tagged unions such as ML, a tree node is often a tagged union of two types of nodes, one of which is a 3-tuple of data, left child, and right child, and the other of which is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;leafâ&#x20AC;? node, which contains no data and functions much like the null value in a language with pointers.

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Modular Units Growing into Space like an Organism SECTOR SCALE 170.90

69.88

46.59

38.82

256.85

199.88

54.35

142.91

363.02

249.09 191.13

135.15

GROWTH SECTORS

363.02 249.09

191.13

Area 7046 sqm Iteration of Growth 5 Branches 30 Data Structure [0:0:0:0:0]

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Area 12489 sqm Iteration of Growth 6 Branches 61 Data Structure [0:0:0:0:0:0]

Area 20267 sqm Iteration of Growth 7 Branches 116 Data Structure [0:0:0:0:0:0:0]

256.85

201.71

170.90

142.91

135.15

Area 44565 sqm Iteration of Growth 9 Branches 534 Data Structure [0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0]

o

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FACTORY INVISIBLE DATA SYSTEM 103

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SPACE BUILT FROM SINGLE UNITS 105

MANUFACTORING FLOW Material Flow was devided into 2 major parts, and each components were manufactored and transported in the data tree logic.

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ADJUSTABLE FACTORY Factory sector is like the turntable, could adjust the position and intersection area with the other functional sector 107

Space for Factory Manu or Human Habitation on

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ufactoring n Mars

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DETAILED PLAN Zoom in detailed plan for a single tree branch, represents the assembly of the 2nd part supporting material and Merlin Engine.

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PHYSICAL MODEL 3D Printed on Makerbolt + white paint, lazer cutted model board 115

The future is already here, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s just not very evenly distributed.

William Gibson

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TRANSFORMABLE ARCHITECTURE & BIG DATA & MACHINE LEARNING & AUGMENTED REALITY & VIRTUAL REALITY

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Kinetic Mediator Transformable Structure Design GSAPP Tech Electives Class: Transformable Design Methods Professor: Chuck Hoberman Team: Muso Fan, Rives Kitchell, Caitlin Magill,Yijin Zhuo

1. ABSTRACT Life in Avery is relatively public and inclusive in the lower stories of the building including brownies cafĂŠ and Avery Library, yet most of the GSAPP architecture students sequester themselves in the upper floors of the building. These students tend not to interact or overlap with students outside of GSAPP. The third floor mezzanine functions mostly as a corridor. Architecture students pass through on their way to studios above without pause.

Other members of the Columbia community have no need to continue up the stairs from the main entry. The third floor mezzanine and its full height interior window represent a unique moment of visual connection between these isolated groups.

The Kinetic Mediator will invite GSAPP students passing through to pause and engage this moment of connection with the Columbia community. Its modulated surface parallels and transforms the existing geometric pattern of the ironwork across the window looking through to Avery Library. For us, the ironwork represents the existing relationship or lackthereof between GSAPP students and the Columbia community. The transparent arms of the Kinetic Mediator mirror this ironwork and represent a more transparent and open exchange between these two groups that tend to remain isolated from one another.

The kinetic quality of the Kinetic Mediator allows students to physically engage this surface partially covering and uncovering the transparency with an origami-like façade. The movement disrupts the static view from below and connects the students in the library to the window. The Kinetic Mediator then gives students that might pass through Avery lobby straight into the library a reason to continue upstairs and join the GSAPP students on the mezzanine.

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X 24

X 12

X 12

X 12

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2. TRANSFORMATION The Kinetic Mediator consists of 22 irises running on sliders in two frames which mirror one another. The transparent arms are made of 3/16â&#x20AC;? acrylic. The arms connect to one another and the frame with aluminum binding posts. Each iris connects at its tapered ends to two other irises facing the opposite directionâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;allowing one side to expand while the other contracts and vice versa. The larger irises are affixed with folded origami-like surfaces that flatten into a single opaque plane when the iris is fully extended. When the large irises contract, the surfaces open and fold out of plane together (perpendicular to the iris structures, jutting out towards the viewer).

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3. PROCESS We began with a variety of design variations using irises to partially cover the surface of the window. As we began overlaying designs onto the pattern of the ironwork window, we chose the iteration of alternating irises that best interacted with the pattern. We then adapted it to the scale of the existing geometry.

In our first prototype, built with acrylic arms and a chipboard frame, the irises were fixed to points on the outer frame. From this model, we realized that the irises would need to attach to sliders than ran at the same angle as the irises.

In our next prototype, we used wood for the arms and frame of the device. We used a large

bolt, nut and washers in between the components.

From here, we wanted to reduce the bulk of the device by simplifying our connections, and using a transparent material for the arms of the irises. The result we hoped would be to reduce the presence of the structure and create a stronger visual connection to the window and between the viewers on the mezzanine and in the library.

After this we built a full scale model of a single iris using acrylic for the arms and lightweight aluminum binding posts to connect the components.

We also applied our first rendition of the origami surface to this iris. From this trial we found that the folds in the origami needed to be shifted. These surfaces couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be fully symmetrical in order to

properly fold when the iris was contracted.

In our final version we integrated a straight horizontal slider at the center of the frame to help support the bulk of the device and to allow an easy place from which the device could be operated.

We also custom cut transparent washers in order to further reduce the presence of the structure thus maximizing the visual connection between users on either side of the device.

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CLOSED

OPEN

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STRUCTURE DETAIL

protective washer 5/16” washers 2/16” washers 1 3/4” binding post

surface

protective washer 2/16” washers 3/4” binding post

protective washer 5/16” washers 1 3/4” binding post

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Yellow Detective Web Development(Front/Back End) + Machine Learning for Future Architects & Urban Designer Class: Datamining the City Professor: Danil Nagy Team Lead: Muso Z. Fan Front End: d3.js, leaflet.js(JavaScript) Back End: Flask(Python) Database: OrientDB Machine Learning: Scikit-learn(Python)

Vimeo Video

Sourcecode

In the Datamining the City project, we want to explore the possibilities of using the bigdata and machine learning to visualize the social media information, and discover the latent relationship between human behaviour and urban behaviour.

Our specific interest is China’s sex industry, so we pick up the city Dongguan, a city most famous for its sex industry, as our test ground. We collected all the social media checkin data in Dongguan’s Houjie area during a certain period from 1pm-3pm, found all the people who checked-in at this time in this place as Data Set A, who have great possibilities to be the customer of the sex service. After that, we traced all the other checkin information of the Data Set A as the place Data Set B, and visualized this inforamtion on the Map, by doing this, we discovered the pattern that Dongguan’s sex industry has a broad service radius, as far as Hongkong Macau, and other small cities in Guangdong Province, Shenzhen was surprisingly not on the top list, the customers might find sex services within the city.

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Museum Of Physics Virtual Reality Apps for Future Architects & Urban Designer Class: Play - Virtual Reality Game Design Professor: Farzin Lotfi-Jam Team Lead: Muso Z. Fan Team: Muso (Script & Effects) Zixiao Ji(Script), Ruiling Li (Model),Xin You(Model) Platform: Unity3D, Oculus Rift

Vimeo Video

Sourcecode

This project explores the possibility of “architecture” or “experience” design in future fully immersive VR environment. Architects and artists would truly control the Physics Law of the new world and design fascinating experience for the users, which is exactly like the world in the film [Inception].

The final game Mac app and the source code could be downloaded on https://github.com/mfworkgroup/gsapp-play-sp16 In this Museum of Physics, the #Player start exploring the world from the homebase. All the outside world is in dark like a universe.In a fully immersive 3D space, the player would easily got lost, so we introduce dthe concept of [HomeBase] to give user a feeling of “I could always get a way to home”. We also introduced the concept of [Portal] between different worlds in order to provide some shortcuts. Outer world does not have gravity, the 2nd image shows that how you come back to HomeBase and fall as an result of gravity You have 6 Portals linking to 6 different world or experience.

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AveRy Augmented Reality Apps for Future Architects & Urban Designer Class: Appitecture - iOS software Development Professor: Toru Hasegawa, Mark L. Collins Designer: Muso Zhe Fan, Guangyue Cao Platform: Xcode, Unity3D, Vuforia SDK

AveRy is an Augmented Reality applications designed for architects and urban planners. By simply playing with 2D drawings (plans, sections, diagrams), we could see the 3D spatial attributes, easily and quickly do the spatial organization and design in a single app, which in the past need to be first modeled in computer software and then rendered either into images or animation. This is a more convenient and responsive way for architects and urban designers to interact with the design, it is the future design aid for architects and urban designers.

In Architecture Study, the targets are floor plans of Avery Hall. Virtual Avery models can be viewed through the camera of a mobile device. In Urban Study, users can play with different urban programs models in one scene by simply moving around the image targets.

1. Launch View

Architecture Study

Architecture Study

Urban Study

Urban Study

2. Navigation View 4. Swipe back to Navigation View

3.1 Architecture Study

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3.2 Urban Study

floor plans

target images

virtual Avery Hall model

3.1 ARCHITECTURE STUDY

combined urban model

virtual urban model

office building

public building

commercial

greenland

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Github Vimeo Sourcecode Video Realtime screenshots from the AveRy on Apple iPad, Scan the code to watch the video

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INSTRUCTIONS Please face your cameras to these images, the model will appear on your devices, you could hide certain part of the images which will remove the relevant 3D objects on the devices instantly. For architecture projects, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the different floors, for urban project, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the different programs.

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Acknowledgements

I would love to express my gratitude to Professor Mark Wigley, Michael Bell, Phu Hoang, Benjamin Aranda, Danil Nagy, Farzin Lotfi-Jam,Toru Hasegawa, Mark L. Collins, and Chuck Hoberman for their kind instructions during my period in GSAPP, it really opens a door for me and the future.

I also want to thank my father, mother, my ex-girlfriend, and my friends in GSAPP: Yan Zhang(now in MIT Media Lab), Boyuan Jiang, Zixiao Ji, Guangyue Cao, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s my great honor to know all you guys.

Future is here, letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s embrace it.

Sincerely yours, Muso Zhe Fan May 10, 2016

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The best way to predict the future is to design it.

Buckminster Fuller

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