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The ideal platform to detect protein and RNA in exosomes
ExoTESTTM
Exosomes immunocapturing
Simple ELISA assay for exosomes capture, quantification and characterization from culture supernatants, plasma or other biofluids
Exosomes are small endosome-derived lipid nanoparticles (50-120 nm) actively secreted by exocytosis by most living cells. Exosome relase occurs either constitutively or upon induction, under both normal and pathological conditions, in a dynamic, regulated and functionally relevant manner so that both amount and molecular composition of released exosomes depend on the state of a parent cell. This is one of major premises of employing exosomes for research and Physiological exosome functions
Pathological exosome functions
Exosomes have pleiotropic functions dependent on cell type and condition
Emerging role in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases
Export pathway for proteins that are to be discarded or to be passed on to other cells
Due to alteration in cell metabolism and export pathways the concentration of exosomes is elevated in the blood of cancer patients1; exosomal export of anti cancer drugs contributes to drug resistance2
Cell-cell interaction/signaling
Cancer spread and immunomodulation
Inter-cellular communication devices for transfer of proteins, lipids and genetic material between cells, in the parent cell microenviroment and/or at distance
Cancer spread - mRNAs and miRNAs present in exosomes can transfer new properties such as metastatic ability
Antigen presentation and immune response Immunomodulation – exsosomes are so far diagnostic purposes. Exosomes have been isolated from regulation (stimulation or suppression) implicated both in tumor rejection and inhibition of diverse cell lines (hematopoietic cells, tumor lines, antitumor immune responses primary cultures, virus infected cells) as well as from Formation of morphogen gradients during Transfer of infectious cargo (prions, viruses, β development amyloid biological fluids in particular blood (e.g. serum and plasma from cancer patients) and other body fluids (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusions, synovial fluid, urine, amniotic fluid, semen, saliva etc). During their biogenesis exosomes incorporate a wide range of membranes and cytosolic proteins involved in many cellular functions 1-4 . In this way besides proteins that reflect their endosomal origin, exosomes contain a unique protein fingerprint that reflects parent cell type and condition. Exosomes shuttle also RNA molecules, mRNAs and miRNAs, both classes 5,6 proved to be functional in target cell, being translated or modulating gene silencing respectively . Consequently exosomes may act as inter-cellular communication devices that extend new properties to recipient cells. Overall, exosome molecular composition distinguishes resting from activated, healthy from diseased cell.
EXOTESTTM IS A FUNDAMENTAL TOOL FOR EXOSOME-BASED RESEARCH TM
ExoTEST is a patented double sandwich ELISA assay for quantitative and qualitative analysis of exosomes. TM ExoTEST captures exosomes from biological samples by using antibodies for exosome specific surface proteins. Quantification and characterization of exosomal proteins is subsequently performed by using detection antibodies of TM interest. By employing different combinations of capture and detection antibodies ExoTEST can be customized for assessing multiple antigens in a total exosome population in the sample or addressing a defined exosome subpopulation. Informative protein profile for the samples of interest can be combined/complemented with subsequent RNA (mRNA or miRNA) extraction and analysis from captured exosomes. The upstream enrichment in specific exosome subpopulation(s) significantly reduces the background noise that impairs the analysis of RNA sequences. TM ExoTEST therefore represent a fundamental novel, reliable, practical and easy solution for any comprehensive exosome analysis from different biological samples including human body fluids.