Cinstruction Analysis A2

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2020 Dr Alberto Pugnale, Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella, Senior Tutor Anastasia Sklavakis, Tutor Insert a cover image, use a good one from Muyan Li, 1068026, Semester 2, 2020 your case study Lake Wendouree House, Tutorial 6.

ASSIGNMENT 2

FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: construction stages, details and annotations

Cover image, photo by Peter Bennetts

Section: 3A

Stage 01 Site Preperation and Footings

Excavation, Demolition, Foundation and Trenchwork In stage 1, construction site is cleaned to be in a good condition and ready to be constructed. Trees within the construction site have been removed by construction workers (Fig 1). Then site condition is surveyed by surveyor and the building details are confirmed. After that, the soil testing is run to investigate the soil condition of this site.

Fig 2. Timber Formwork

Fig 1. Site cleaning

Excavation starts when the site is prepared and demolition of the site has been completed. Trenchwork is run to install concrete footing structure. Service pipes are installed by workers during this process. Timber formwork is constructed around the site to function as mould for concrete structural components (Fig 2). Before blinding and pouring the concrete, slump test is required to test the workability of the concrete. Construction process is continued when the concrete is in the “True” condition (Fig 3). Compaction of the concrete is run, which is to increase the strength, durability, abrasion resistance and minimise shrinkage of concrete (Fig 4).

Fig 4. Compaction

Fig 3 Slump Test

Building Outline

Excavator is for earth excavation and demolition for the site.

Site boundries and construction process are confirmed and managed by builders.

Trenching for footings Service Pipes are installed Timber formwork

Blinding Concrete Earth

Stiff clay

01 2

Section 1 Scale 1:50 @A3

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Stage 02 Ground Floor Slab In stage 2, ground foundation system continues to be constructed following stage 1. The concrete slab and thin surface is finally completed in this stage.

When trenchwork has been finished in stage 1, the 0.2mm polyethylene waterproof membrane is laid on top of it, which is to prevent water leakage and damage the structural elements. Lightweight void formers are filled in the non-working areas to support the vertical structures above them. Then steel reinforcing mesh is installed between viod formers to enhance the strengh of concrete (Fig 1). Blinding concrete is pouring on the top of them to seal most of the structural elements (Fig 2). Timber formwork provides supports for pouring concrete (Fig 3).

Fig 3 Timber formwork

Fig 2 Concrete has cured

Construction worker pouring the concrete to site

Cement Truck delivers concrete to the site

Pump truck suck concrete to the site

Finishing and smoothing concrete surface

Fig 1 Void formers and reinforcing mesh

Compacted engineer fills Service Pipes Concrete slab

Stiff Clay

Section 2 Scale 1:75 @A3

Reinforcement Sand cover bars on the concrete slab (3 N16 bar)

Framework retainment

Void Former

Earth

01 3

0.2mm Polyethylene waterproof membrane

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Concrete

Stage 03 Vertical Structure above Ground Steelwork In stage 3, steel framing structure is installed in the site. After finishing the ground foundation, the steel columns and beams will be delivered to the site and installed by workers. During this process, the scissor lift is used to lift workers to work on the steel beams. Also, scaffolding are installed around the building ground floor to build the first floor steel structure. Steel beams and trusses are bolted on the steel columns. Copes are used to make whole structure more stable. Steel structural bracing are constructed in this stage.

Crane lifts steel column to first floor for workers to install.

Building outline

Beams and steel column are bolted Scaffolding are installed to build first floor structure

Steel cope are installed Steel column and bracing

Steel column plate

Steel column

Scissor lift

01 4

Section 3 Scale 1:50 @A3

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Steel column and beams are bolted together

Stage 04 Intermediate Floor Structure In stage 4, timber intermediate structure are installed to prepare for first floor constrction and roof construction. The spacing and span of timber beams and joists confired using technical drawing.

The structure of stud wall is established and are equipped with timber tension bracing to resist load and stabilize the timber structure. Timber trusses are connected by welded bolts.

Intermediate timber floor structure between first floor and ground floor

Scaffolding for first floor framing work

Top plate

Stud wall

Timber tension bracing Timber intermediate floor structure

Workers are installing timber floor Scissors lift

Timber trusses are connected by galvanized looped metal strap

01 5

Section 4 Scale 1:50 @A3

Building outline

Timber waiting to be installed

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Stage 05 Roof System Roof Structure, Sheeting, Cover and Skylight Systems In stage 5, roof system are installed for the building. It covers all structural elements in roof system including roof truss and ceiling structure and outer roof covers inckuding roof sheeting.

Builders are installing the roof structure system

Timber roof structure

Roof structure According to the site photographs, timber beams and joists are nailed together to bearing the entire roof loads. Roof trusses are built to increase the roof strength.

50 x 25mm ceiling battens at 600 cc

Roof structure Roof sheeting Refer to Material schedule, roof cover for upstairs living room and bathroom is Stramit Speed Deck 700 roof sheeting, which has colorband coating, 0.42mm for its thickness, and proprietary concealed fixings. A 800*800 mm space is left for air-conditioning in bathroom roof.

01 6

Section 5 Scale 1:50 @A3

Metal roof sheeting

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Stramit Speed Deck 700 roof sheeting

Builders are 800*800 mm covering roof space for bathroom air- sheeting Scaffolding extend conditioning is to roof level to kept serve builders

Stage 06 External Wall, Window Systems and External Doors In stage 6, external walls and window system are constructed by builders.

External Wall External wall structure is established. The type of the wall is brick veneer wall that contains stud, brick and insulation. The celler wall located in ground level is used brick veneer wall. Insulation of brick veneer wall is to keep indoor temperature stable.

nal ick tion in

Scaffolding for first floor external wall and windows

1. Brick veneer base: the facade of the conservatory has no brick veneer base, while the other has. While brick veneer with openings has steel lintel to support single leaf masonry and brick sill at the bottom.

SINGLE LEAF MASONRY

TIMBER OR STEEL STUD WALL

MIN, 90mm THICK

Lateral and structural support to floor above WALL LINING

VENEER TIES AT 600mm MIN., VERTICAL CTS

Plasterboard shown THERMAL BULK INSULATION BUILDING WRAP

CAVITY

Air & moisture barrier & reflective insulation

50mm TYPICAL, 25mm MINIMUM

Brick Veneer wall section

Brick Veneer wall in the ground floor

WEEP HOLES AT 600mm CENTRES

Window System window and glazing are also installed by 2. Windows and doors: the help of trucks and electrical suckers workers.

The window in frontwith of kitchen for glazing glass with heavyand weight, workers are able to place is double glazed sliding window matching flyscreen, which is installed windows in certain frame.

And the frames are installed to the internal Timber framed double by stud builders withWindows truck andcan also wallcoorperating by bullet nails. be hung on the ceiling glazed sliding window crane, refering to site photographs. joists and matching flyscreen FLASHING

are installed by workers

Brick wall are constructed by builders

Ground floor window are (windows installed 3.

Articulation joints and external doors): In accordance with AS 4773.1, the articulation joints are provided in masonry walls with changing height and continuous walls without openings. It provides more flexibility on reactive clay soils in accordance with AS 2870.

Wall type 28: Wall type 4:

01 7

Section 6 Scale 1:50 @A3

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Stage 07 Internal Partitions, Ceiling Structure, Rough-in Services, Wall Lining In stage 7, rough-in-service, ceiling structure, wall lining and internal partitions are installed in this stage.

Plasterboard is covered on the stud wall frame

Service wires The service wires need to be installed inside of walls, floors and roof to cover the whole building, which is to supply electricity for residents. The water pipe connects bathroom and kitchen for daily water supply.

Service wires are ready to be installed by builders Wires waiting to be installed

Ceiling structure ceiling structure is installed by builders in this stage.

The plasterboard covers the ceiling structure.

Builders drilling the plasterboard to left space for wires.

01 8

Section 7 Scale 1:50 @A3

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Air conditioning starts to be installed for bathroom

Stage 08 Finishing Trades, Joinery Appliances In the final stage, finishing trades and joinery appliances starts to be installed by builders. Service wires are organised and ready to be used and connected.

Heating and cooling system installing should be completed. The air-conditioning in the bathroom should be well set during this stage. Internal walls are painted by builders.

Furnitures and required facilities are installed as planned. In the ground floor, kitchen facilities are installed including gas stove, wash basin, ceiling light, kitchen cabinet and oven. Bathtub is placed in bathroom. First floor is same as ground floor, all required furnitures and facilities are well

Scaffolding have been removed in final stage

Air-conditioning system installing completed

Timber decking floor covering for first floor of upstair living room is laid by builders

Furnitures in kitchen are installed by builders

Drawers in kitchen installing completed

Kitchen facilities

01 9

Section 8 Scale 1:50 @A3

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Service wires are organized by builders and testing

Stage 01 Site Preperation and Footings

Ground service

Excavation, Demolition and Trenchwork Demolition

Demolition is most significant construction process for site preperation,which includes dismanting, razing, destroying and wrecking anything that affects further constrction. For this site, inapporiate landscape has been removed refer to site design (Fig 1). Before demolition, engineering survey is completed by workers to prevent unplanned collapse.

During the demolition, site is surrounded by metal fencing to limit damage. Water is spraied in the site to avoid dust floating in the air.

Excavation Excavator plays a role in demolition and excavation process. Similar as demolition, it sets site ready for trenchwork.

Ground service pipes are installed underground in stage 1, which includes electricity, plumbing etc. They are connected to the main energy power supplier.

Trenchwork In trenchwork, the ground of the site is digged to leave space for footings. It also including edge beam trench, internal beam trench. On the trenchwork, there is a sand bed cover above it.

Sand bed cover

Service pipes are installed underground

Trench edge prepared for void former

Fig 1 Landscape removing

When the concrete is poured on the surface of the site, it usually requires 28 days to dry. The blinding concrete (15MPa) is chosen, which is for sealing the materials.

Natural earth Excavator for demolition and excavation of the site

Trenching for blinding concrete footing

Timber Formwork

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01 10

Plan 1 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 02 Ground Floor In stage 2, ground foundation work is basically finished. The foundation consists of 6 different layers.

Timber formwork

1. Natural earth After site cleaning, natural earth of the site is exposed.

2. Sand bed cover It mixes dead sand and live sand with 50mm for thickness to levelling the ground surface.

Pouring blinding concrete and smoothing concrete

3. Polyethylene waterproof membrane 0,2mm polythylene waterproof membrane is installed above the sand bed cover. It covers structural slabs to prevent root penetration of the underlying waterproofing

Steel plast cast for concrete

4. Void former Lightweight void formers are laid on the waterproof membrane. It is used in structural foundation concrete to fill non-working areas, which are strong enough to support heavy weight such as steel structures.

Rebar chairs Void former 0.2mm Polyethylene waterproof membrane

5. Reinforcement mesh with rebar chairs According to site photographs, square rib mesh sheet is used in to reinforcing concrete. The rebar chairs are polypropylene support system ideal for concrete applications.

6. Concrete When pouring concrete, concrete needs to be dealt with compaction (remove air), screeding (level the concrete roughly), floating (smoothed), trowelling (final smooth).

Blinding concrete is pouring on the top surface with thin layer. The concrete slab and edge beams are poured at same time. It usually requires 7-28 days to be fullly cured and dried.

Fig Rebar chairs to support reinforcing mesh with void formers and waterproof membrane underneath

50mm Sand bed cover

Natural earth

Concrete pump truck pours blinding concrete to the desired location Concrete curing time needed ABPL20033-2020, Muyan Li| 1068026 |Tutorial 6 | Anastasia Sklavakis| p. 11

01 11

Plan 2 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 03 Vertical Structure above Ground Steelwork

Site construction machine In the stage 3, the location of steel structure is confirmed. Then Crane carries steel columns and beams to the site. Scaffolding and scissor lift are used in this stage, which helps builders to reach higher place and first floor.

Workers are welding bolts

Steel beam

Scissor lift and Crane Overhang for first floor The overhang part of first floor structure are installed to prepare for further construction.

Beams are bolted together

Beams are bolted together Overhang Bolts and Joists The beams and columns are bolted together, shown on the diagram. The bolted connection creates more stable and fexible connection with 1% steel consuming. Bolts are good at resisting tensional stress. C joist bearers loads subtransferring to the steel columns.

Concrete ground floor

scaffolding for first floor construction

Bolted beams and columns

C joist ABPL20033-2020, Muyan Li| 1068026 |Tutorial 6 | Anastasia Sklavakis| p. 12

01 12

Plan 3 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 04 Intermidiate Floor Structure Timber Stud Wall Structure Timber stud wall structure is installed on ground floor and first floor. It consist of joists, beams and trusses. For stud wall structure, timber bracing is used to stabilize the main timber structure.

Stud wall structure with bracing

Yellow tongue sub flooring are placed for first floor ground to make builders move easier

Beams and Joists Timber beams are installed that carring load and supporting other structures above them including joists. Choosing the span and spacing of timber structure, it is important to consider the effeciency of it, which can refer to AS 16842010.

Floor joists support the first floor loads

Timber intermediate floor Span

Floor fixing

Beam supports timber joists bearing load

Yellow tongue flooring is laid above timber framing structure, which is more convenient for builders. The color of the tongue is related to the thickness of the material.

The thickness of yellow tongue is 19mm.

Scaffolding for first floor construction

19mm yellow tongue flooring ABPL20033-2020, Muyan Li| 1068026 |Tutorial 6 | Anastasia Sklavakis| p. 13

01 13

Plan 4 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 05 Roof System Roof Structure, Sheeting, Cover and Skylight Systems Roof Insulation Bulk thermal insulation is installed with roof strcture together, which is located between the rafters and roof joists to reduce the energy tranferring through roof system.

Metal roof sheeting

Roof insulation Box Gutter Box gutter is constructed on the top of the roof, which is for rainwater drainage. It is shown on the plan by using dashed line and is falls towards the east side of the building with downpipe.

Roof structure (joists and beams) Roof bracing

800*800 for air-conditioning 2742*400 mm space for Skylight

Roof Gutter section example

Scaffolding extends to roof top level for builders

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01 14

Plan 5 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 06 External Wall, Window Systems and External Doors

External Cladding

Ground floor windows are installed by builders

In the first floor, the wall of bathroom is also brick veneer wall. As shown in the plan, wall is constrcted by builders. All the external wall system require waterproofing covered on the wall, which is to prevent water leakage and damage the wall structure. Therefore, waterproofing materials are used and insulated refer to AS 4654.

Window System

External brick wall within the site

In window system construction, glazing and skylight are installed. For glazing, Double glazed unit clear is chosen for kitchen windows comply with AS 1288. It is low E double glazed unit and grade A safety calss. For syklight, glazing of the skylight is going to be installed in the planned location on the roof.

External structural wall cladding by builders

Scaffoldings provides working area for external wall construction Double glazed window for ground floor

Skylight position

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01 15

Plan 6 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 07 Internal Partitions, Ceiling Structure, Rough-in Services, Wall Lining Wall Lining Plasterboards are placed on the ceiling structure and timber stud framing as covers. The thiickness of plasterboard is 13mm and resists water (can be used in bathroom)It can be fixed on the wall and ceiling by using noggings.

Internal wall cladding is finsihed by builders in stage 7 Plasterboards covering walls and ceilings

Internal walls and doors In stage 7, internal walls and internal doors are installed. Including internal wall within bathroom and doors for different rooms.

Internal door are installed to divide different areas

Plasterboard screwed on the timber stud frame by builders

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling insulation The ceiling insulation is installed in stage 7. Wires are placed within the insulation. Ceiling insulation will be cut to let the wires coming down to supply energy.

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01 16

Plan 7 Scale 1:50 @A3

Stage 08 Finishing Trades, Joinery Appliances Floor covering Ground floor covering: Kitchen: Stone Courtyard: Pryanese Stone Sandstone paving Cellar: Pietra Bronzea Brushed stone

First floor covering: Bathroom: Pietra Bronzea Brushed stone Upstairs living room: Timber Flooring Stairs: Timber treads and risers

Stone are placed for courtyard ground

Stone are placed in the ground of kitchen in the ground floor Kitchen facilities are installed by builders in stage 8

Timber decking floor covering is placed and installed by builders in the first floor

Courtyard stone ground

timber flooring in upstairs living room

Wall covering Internal walls are painted in different color or covered by different types of materials, refer to the material schedule.

Bathroom facilities are all set by builders

Wash basin are connected to the water pipe and drainage system

Scaffolding are removed

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01 17

Plan 8 Scale 1:50 @A3