PORTFOLIO
DIGITAL DESIGN Semester 1, 2020 Muyan Li 1068026 Stream 2 Siavash Malek
Email: muyan@student.unimelb.edu.au Wix Page link: https://muyan4.wixsite.com/digitaldesign
Education: 2019 - current Bachelor of Design University of Melbourne
Skills: Rhino Grasshopper Enscape Photoshop Illustrator Indesign Fabrication
Through learning Digital Design, my modeling skill has been practiced and improved a lot. And I started to build model by using parametric stratgy. Grasshopper is a parametric designing tool that is used to build generative algorithms, which is a visual programming language. For example, the module 2 and module 3 required us to use Grasshopper plug-in to generate model instead of build them in Rhino directly. In addition, in module 3, I learned how to render my model in Enscape, which is really helpful for my future design.
Contents
Precedent Study
01
Generating Design Through Digital Processes
04
Queen Victoria Garden Pavilion
19
Module 1 Precedent Analysis 1
Pop-up cities: Edinburgh Pavilion
The isometric view that I chose was south eastern view of Edinburgh Pavilion. The reason is that the south eastern view clearly show the location and direction of entrance and most of the floor structure by compared with other isometric views. And also some of the structures are hidden due to the solid covers, it is still the best view of this pavilion. For circulation, I think the movements of people are quite simple because there is only one way to access this pavilion. The staff that are shown on the wall and the bench in the corner provide pausing area for people and influence people’s movement and activity. The threshold of Edinburgh Pavilion is the opening and the wall beside opening because these structure define private space and public space. Two small openings are used as windows to provide natural lights for people to watch the exhibition. When I was doing the modeling in Rhino, I found that the location of two windows are close to the pausing area, which means another function of two windows is probably to provide a view of outside landscape
Isometric view
2
Pause Area First diagram demonstrates the pause area in Edinburgh Pavilion. It uses light purple to represent standing and dark purple to represent sitting. Attractive points &
The attractive points are the artworks or exhibition on the wall, and it also influences people density.
People density
People’s movements and path is shown on
Path & primary circulation space
Gallery
third diagram. There is only one opening for people entering and leaving. Also the surroundings (e.g. gallery) impact the movement of people.
Circulation Diagram
There are three openings in Edinburgh Pavilion (two windows and one entrance), which defines the privacy of space. Moreover, the window on the left makes the space close to it less private, but the window on the top does not change the privacy because the function of it is
Openings & light
to provide natural light instead of communicating with outside.
Private space
Threshold Diagram
3
Module 2 Generating Design Through Digital Process 4
2. Use box maker Grasshopper group commands to create
1. Build a cylinder volume.
6. Scale and rotate the developed volume group and make them more complex in threedimension and bake them to have part A
4. Fix the wrong vectors (vectors).
5. Using mirror geometry-growth commands to have the developed volume
3. Evaluate surfaces of box and Cylinder to make sure the vector
1. Draw a twisted curve in Rhino and set the curve in Grasshopper
3. Construct the plane for 100 points and divide them into two groups. 4. Set different threedimensional geometries for two groups and Bake
2. Divide this cruve in 100 points.
5
2. Use surface domain number to make grids.
6. Generate another cone group in different direction.
4. Connect “Cellulate 3D Grid� to have boxes.
1. Create a rectangle and list its surfaces. 3. Move some grids in Z axis.
5. Make Cone geometry in the position of points.
1. Draw a star polygon in Rhino and set curve in Grasshopper.
7. Cap and bake them to have final part A volume.
3. Have different geometries for two groups and generate the scale of them, then bake the final part B volume.
2. Set 35 planes on the curve and dispatch them following the order in panel.
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4.1.1 3.1.1
3.1.2
These are my matrix of 3.1 Grids Generating
No move
3.2.1
Grids move along Z axis
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2 Geometry Testing
Cone
3.3.1
Cylinder
3.3.2
Sphere
3.3.3
3.3 Scale and Rotate
Scale 0.6 Rotate Z axis 90 degrees
Scale 0.8 Rotate Z axis 60 degrees
4.1 Set Curve
my iteration 1. I put two different geometries together to create more unexpected new geometry group. For part A, I use cone and move the grids pattern along Z axis to have different height of Cellculate 3D boxes. Then scale the same geometry and rotate it.
2.2.3
False True True
True False
True False False
4.3.1
4.3.2
Box: X=Y=Z=10 Sphere: R=14
Box: X=Y=Z=15 Sphere: R=9
4.3 Size Testing
Scale 1 Rotate Z axis 30 degrees
For the iteration, I choose the 5.2 as my key iteration. The reason is that I try to find a better boolean intersection iteration, but 5.3 is too solid. I think 5.1 could be a back-up plan for Boolean Difference because it formed a space quite clear and has architectural value.
2.2.2
4.2 Generate Geometry Order
For part B, I just simply use the basic dispatch with pattern to create a geometry.
4. Combine Two Parts
2.2.1
4.1
Final geometry Group
5. Key Iterations
5.1
5.2
Boolean Difference Attempt 1
7
Boolean Intersection Attempt 1
5.3
Boolean Intersection Attempt 2
Lorem ipsum
1.1.1
1.1.2
2.1.1
1.1.3
1.1 Geometry Testing
2.1 Set Curve
Cylinder
Rectangle
Sphere
2.2.1 1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
2.2.2
2.2.3
1.2.4
1.2 Adjust Domain Box
2. 2 Choose Geometry for Curve
Sphere
Center Box Box Size X=Y=Z=4
1.3.1
Box Size X=Y=Z=5
Box Size X=Y=Z=6
1.3.2
1.3.3
Center Box + Sphere
Box Size X=Y=Z=7
1.3 Scale and Rotate
2.3.1
2.3.2
Box: X=Y=Z=3 Base=14 Sphere: R=7
Box: X=Y=Z=4 Base=21 Sphere: R=10
2.3 Size Testing
Rotate Angle: 29, 73, 76 Scale: 0.8, 1.5
Rotate Angle: 47, 56, 45 Scale: 1.0, 1.3
Rotate Angle: 86, 48, 32 Scale: 1.1, 0.7
Here are the matrix of my iteration 2 and iteration 3. Similarly, I still combine two differnt geometry groups together to make them more complex.
4. Combine Two Parts
For part A, I use Mirror geometry Growth group command in Grasshopper to create expanded cylinders. And then I adjust the scale and also rotate them iin 3D. For part B, I use working with Operaters grounp command in Grasshopper and I tested some differnt geometries by generating the parameter for Center Box and Sphere. I choose 5.2 and 5.4 as my iterations because 5.2 shows the various spaces and including openings and interior space. I also want to explore the what 5.4 can be considered as.
4.1
Final geometry Group
5. Key Iterations
5.1
5.2
Boolean Difference Attempt 1
8
Boolean Difference Attempt 2
5.3
Boolean Intersection Attempt 1
5.4
Boolean Intersection Attempt 2
Isomectric Drawing A Type: Additive Circulation: the circulation is shown in red curve around this iteration. Privacy: use gradient to show the level of privacy. The space in upper floor has the highest privacy. Pause area: show two pause area around this iteration. This iteration is quite solid which makes it only has circulation outside of it. And the flat surfaces allow people to stand or sit above them. The up-side-down cone structure can be regarded as roof for it.
SUBTRACTIVE & ADDITIVE PROCESSES Isometric Drawing
Scale 1:2 Circulation Privacy Pause area
9
Isomectric Drawing B
Type: Additive This iteration is treated like furniture for people to use rather than creating space. The scale of this geometry is slightly bigger that the table we normally see. The height of it is suitable for people to put their arms on it when they are standing. The top surface is like a table surface to support any objects that been put on it. The section cut shows the hollow part of this iteration, which can be used as a small opened cabinet or container. It aslo can be use as a lower table for children. The half cylinder is more like a temporary seat for adults and children.
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Isomectric Drawing C
Type: Substractive Circulation: the circulation is shown in red curve and there is only one way to enter and leave this pavilion. Privacy: the hemisphere space under the interior sphere space has the highest privacy (shown in isometric) and the interior space is less private because is has three openings. Pause Area: are the hemisphere space, sitting area and area near three openings of interior space. The interior space is a small playground for children. The openings allows natural light come in and establish a connection between interior space and outer space. Section cut A: shows one of the opening (window) position of interior space. Section cut B: shows another opening (window) of the interior space.
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For model 1, I set the largest scale for it. The model is around two floor height in scale. The ground level provide more public space including seating area. The first floor is more private and the space in first floor is divided by threshold as most private space and less private space. For model 2, I have a smaller scale than model 1. The height of this one is around 4 meters. This object is designed as a small playground for children. When children is playing in the circled-space, parents can looking from three direction to keep children safe. The seating area are for parents to take breaks. This model is more furnitured like, so the scale of it is the smallest among three models. The height is 1-1.2 meter, which allows people put something on them such as bags when they are standing. The lower area provides a small temporary seat for people. This iteration can be considered as a place for social exchange.
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3D Printing
When we reach the 3D printing process, it is important to check the thickness in Rhino by using ThicknessAnalysis command. Some edges in iterations may too thin to be printed. And also check if the iterations are closed
solid polysurface, if not, the printing may be failed. In Makerbots, we need to adjust the parameter of 3D printing. The layer height is 0.25mm because 0.2mm heignt needs quite long time to complete printing. Yellow parts
13
represent support material structure needed in 3D printing process, the green parts are model.
1. Set berp that is chosen to be constructed through XY waffle structure.
3. Find the intersections and extrude column in XY directions. Then use Trim Solid to create slots.
2. Divide the geometry in (x=10, y=9) contour slices in XY-axis direction and create boundry surface, then get rid of small pieces using larger than.
4. Use Planar command to get all the waffle sections for lasercut. 6. Same as the last step of laser-cut of XY waffle.
1. Set brep that is chosen to be constructed through radial waffle structure.
2. Connect CircleDivide Curve-Line to build the radial grogh.
3. Create two rings and generate the position of them.
4. Use Radial Contour Generator to adjust the curve of radial waffle and make them boundry surface. 14
5. Connect two rings cutters to radial waffle structure and trim soild to have slots.
XY Waffle Isometric
The original geometry of this XY Orthogonal Waffle is same as task A iteration 2 but rotated 90 degrees. I select XY Orthogonal Waffle strategy because this iteration has hollowed interior which makes it harder to be constructed by Radial Waffle structure. Privacy: this waffle has three levels that divide space into three parts. The ground level area is the most public area within this pavilion, and the level of privacy rises with the increased floor. The area that is close to the opening is more public than the area in the same floor. Circulation: People are able to enter this pavilion from the large entrance located in ground floor. There is a big opening that connects three floors, which can also provide more natural light for interior space.
15
Radial Waffle Isometric
The original geometry of this Radial Waffle is same as the iteration 1 in task A. I selected Radial Waffle strategy for this geometry because this geometry contains many curved surface and it is solid in the middle. So for this geometry, Radial Waffle stategy is more suitable than XY Orthogonal Waffle strategy. During the process of making this Radial Waffle, I adjusted the radius of two rings in order to aviod the possibility of rings changing its overall shape. This Radial Waffle is designed as a sculptured like volume. The area on the top allows people to lie on it. And the area of concave parts of Waffle can be defined as more private than the area near normal waffle parts.
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The scale of this XY Orthogonal Waffle structure is much bigger than the same iteration in task A. Different from a small scale of children playground in task A, it is a big scaled architectural pavilion. The waffle structure actually allows more light come into the pavilion and some shaded areas. This waffle structure has a totally different occupation, circulation and privacy by compared with iteration in task A. The thresholds and defined spaces changed quite a lot. The children playground area becomes a large openning that connects all floors.
The scale of this Radial Waffle structure is smaller than the same iteration in task A. In task A, this geometry volume defined as a multi-floor structure and the space was divided for people to use. Due to the scale and its waffle structure, the space now is more public than the previous one. The reason is that waffle structure is quite different than the solid volume, which means waffle sections provide more opportunities for people to interact with others.
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Radial 9
Radial 14
Radial 6
X-W22
Radial 18
Radial 17
Y-W5
Ring1
Radial 19
Y-W4
Y-W2
Radial 25
Radial 26 Radial 30
Ring2 Radial 27
Radial 16
Y-W29
Radial 22
X-W26 Radial 20
Radial 31
Radial 28
Radial 15
Radial 13
Radial 12
Radial 11
Radial 10
Radial 7
Radial 8
Radial 21
X-W3
Radial 23 Radial 24 X-W29 Y-W17
Y-W16
Y-W9
Y-W7
Y-W28
Y-W10
X-W25 Y-W18
Y-W6
X-W24
Y-W1
X-W1 X-W4
Y-W11
X-W31
Y-W12
1068026 Muyan Li
X-W30 X-W32
X-W33
X-W18
Y-W35 X-W21 Y-W19
X-W16
Y-W22
Y-W34
X-W14
X-W17
Y-W14 Y-W20
X-W5
Y-W23
X-W9
X-W6 X-W11
Y-W13
X-W12
Y-W32
Y-W8
X-W23 X-W15
Y-W21
X-W20
X-W2
X-W13
X-W10
X-W7
Y-W33
Y-W3
X-W8
The material for laser cutting is boxboard and thickness is 1.0 mm.
Radial 5
Radial 4
Radial 29
Radial 3
Radial 2
Radial 1
600
This laser cut file for my model clear show my XY Orthogonal Waffle sections and Radial Waffle sections. During this process, I put the laser cut curves of every waffle section and rearranged them to minimize the time of laser cutting and have the minimum material consumption. In addition, creating the etches is a way to decrease the use of tapes. The reason is that red etches of every shape will be craved instead of be cut completely in order to keep connecting to the boxboard. The repeated curves need to be deleted. And also change the layer of labelled text in Etch layer so that the text will not be cut.
Y-W26
Y-W25 X-W19
X-W28
Y-W24
Y-W27
Y-W30
X-W27
Sheet 01 of 01 900
Lasercut 18
Module 3 Castle Pavilion 19
Isometric Drawing
The idea of this pavilion was inspired by castle, and it focus on the connection between interspace and outer landscape. The entire pavilion is consists of 3 different parts. Pavilion part 1 is where the main entrance of pavilion located. Pavilion part 2 imitates the process of the rotation of timber. It also creates more openings , which provides more sunlight coming inside and enhance the connection between pavilion inside and environment. Pavilion part 3 is a shelter for most of the seating area inside pavilion, the openings of this parts provide more visual connection for audience when they are watching the performance. For the surface of pavilion, it consistes of a plenty of small triangle surfaces. For landscape design, This part can be used as outer seating area for people. It has larger space than seating area inside pavilion, which serves more people.
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Standing area Sitting area Performance area Pavilion
Circulation Diagram
Circulation outside of pavilion Circulation inside pavilion
Path
Pa th
Gathering space
Circulation
21
For my circulation diagram, it firstly shows the people gathering area of my site. I used different color to represent how people behaved in different spaces. The red parts are the seating area for people. People can sit here and watch the performance. The green parts are for people standing. People stand there will less likly to block others view. And the bottom diagram shows the circulation of people. The black arrows show people’s movement from path to site. and the red arrows are the movements inside the pavilion.
Openings in part 1 Openings in part 2 Openings in part 3
Pavilion
Threshold Diagram
Privacy Entrance of outer area Entrance of pavilion
The Threshold diagram mainly introduced the openings and privacy of my pavilion. The first diagram divided my pavilion into 3 parts. And I used different blue color to represent openings in different parts of pavilion. The second diagram is the private and public analysis of pavilion. The privacy level was demonstrated by gradiant color. The privacy was decided by the openings and shelter (roof) of the pavilion. Then the third diagram shows the entrance of the whole site. People would enter the outer sitting area from two different directions and access the pavilion along the direction of red arrow.
Openings
Privacy
Access
22
Matrix 1.1
2.1
3.1
2.2.1
3.2.1
1. Basic curve
1.2.1
1.2.2
3.2.2
2. Kangaroo Anchor Points testing Input: 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12
1.3.1
Input: 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12
1.3.2
Input: 2, 4
Input: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10
2.3.1
2.3.2
3.3.1
Input: 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10
3.3.2
3. Kangaroo parameter testing Level: 8 Length Factor: 0.5 Strength: 0.3 Load Z: 47
Length Factor: 0.5 Strength: 0.3 Load Z: 47
Level: 10 Length Factor: 0.9 Strength: 5 Load Z: 242
Level: 10 Length Factor: 1.5 Strength: 4.2 Load Z: 136
4.1
4.2
4. Combining three meshes
22
Level: 20 Length Factor: 1.2 Strength: 5 Load Z: 75
Level: 20 Length Factor: 0.2 Strength: 3.4 Load Z: 132
Texture & Material
The three main material that I use is timber, concrete and a white painted metal. The timber is used for the middle part of my pavilion, and the rest pavilion is made by white painted metal. The concrete is used in pavilio base and outer sitting area. The reason why I chose them is that I want to suit the whole style of garden. The timber and concrete material can be found in the whole site. And due to the cemplexity of the pavilion surface, metal is eaiser and more clear to made these triangle surfaces. In addition, the reflection of metal brings more greenery on the pavilion itself. For the mapping process, I used UV surface mapping and UV box mapping to map the texture on my design. Moreover, I adjusted the enscape material settings. For example, I generated the concrete bumps so that it looked more real.
23
Render Gallery
23
Post Processing 24
To make the section of my design, I tried to use Boolean intersection command in Rhino, but it failed due to the complexity of the surfaces. Therefore, I used clipping plane to cut in the middle of the model in order to show the inside space of the pavilion. This section is basically the half of my pavilion and base. The reason why I choose to cut in the middle part is that I tried to show the inner space and the openings that were hidden in the isometric drawing. To make the physical model, I decided to use 3d printing to build my entire model include the pavilion base (stairs). The reson is that if I choose lasercut, my pavilion surface will not be shown completely. The lasercut is more focused on the structure of the model, which means it will lose some quality of its exterior design such as its surface texture. For my pavilion base, I use 3d printing to keep the consistency of the model, and also the base will be more stable to support the pavilion.
Isometric Model Drawing 25
3D Printing
For model making method, I choose makerbot 3d printing to make the physical model, because 3d printing has higher degree of reduction for my entire design, and it is also more accurate by compared with lasercut. In addition, I choose to print my pavilion in this direction (as shown in image above) because it is less likly to destroy the green parts. And also it is the most efficient position because it only used a small amount of yellow support material. The layer height is 0.3mm because this model is bigger than model in M2 and it takes long time to print, so higher layer height will save many printing time.
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Digital Design Semester 1, 2020