clustearth
SOS STUDENTS
MCA TEAM
Martina Cappellini Letizia Garbolino Maria Vittoria Gubbiotti Evanthia Ierodiakonou
Mario Cucinella Lorenzo Porcelli Valentina Torrente Lori Zillante
The Right to Quality Shelter
SOS STUDENTS Martina Cappellini Letizia Garbolino Maria Vittoria Gubbiotti Evanthia Ierodiakonou
MCA TEAM Mario Cucinella Lorenzo Porcelli Valentina Torrente Lori Zillante
01 02 03 04
Cupa Perillo site analysis design and environmental strategies cell - tissue - organism
concept and design
addressing vulnerabilities design and construction optimization
3D printing oportunities
migrations settlements in italy
Roma history and ilifestyle
right to quality shelter Roma community in Europe
introduction
01 02 03 04
concept and design
3D printing oportunities
Roma history and ilifestyle
right to quality shelter Roma community in Europe
introduction
Which are the most vulnerable categories lacking the right to a quality shelter?
Global vulnerable categories 4M ASYLUM SEEKERS
4.1 M
ASYLUM SEEKER
26 26.4 M M
REFUGEES REFUGEES
55 M
4.1 M
ASYLUM SEEKER
55 M
1.9 B REFUGEES
INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE
26.4 M 26.4REFUGEES M REFUGEES
26.4 M
INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE
55 M 55 M INTERNAL DISPLACED INTERNAL PEOPLE DISPLACED PEOPLE
150 M
HOMELESS PEOPLE
PEOPLE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
55 M
INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE
150 M HOMELESS
150 M HOMELESS
1.9 B PEOPLE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
150 M 150HOMELESS M
1.9 B
PEOPLE IN INFORM SETTLEME
HOMELESS
55 M
Sources: Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing INTERNAL UNHCR (2020) DISPLACED PEOPLE
150 M
1.9 B 1.9 PEOPLE B
IN INFORMAL PEOPLE
Informal settlements what is an informal settlement a residential area where inhabitants often have no security of tenure for the land with a lack of basic services, city infrastructure, planning and building regulations
who lives in informal settlements dwellers range from members of ethnic minorities to victims of the financial crisis
26.4 M REFUGEES
55 M INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE
150 M HOMELESS
Sources: Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing UNHCR (2020)
1.9 B PEOPLE
The largest vulnerable category
1.9 B
30 M
26.4 M REFUGEES
55 M
6.5 K
INTERNAL DISPLACED PEOPLE
150 M HOMELESS
Sources: Amnesty International (2013) Homeless World Cup Fundation (Website): https://homelessworldcup.org/homelessness-statistics/ OHCHR (Website): https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing UNHCR (2020)
1.9 B PEOPLE
The largest vulnerable category people in informal settlements ethnic minorities victims of the financial crisis Roma people largest ethnic minority in Europe Roma = ‘umbrella term’ including several subgroups (Rom, Sinti, Kalé, Romanichels, Boyash, Manush, Ashkali, Egyptians, Yenish, Travellers, Dom, Lom) Originally nomads, they moved from Northern India to Europe since the 9th Century
30 M The Roma flag
12 M Sources: Amnesty International (2013)
sky travel earth
What is the situation about Roma people in europe?
Situation of Roma settlements in Europe
migrations almost 12 million Roma have fled to EU due to discrimination and poverty policies numerous EU investments (€243 billions in 2014-2020) aiming at integration and support have failed
legal barriers Roma people living in illegally-built slums face discrimination, fear eviction at any time and most times lack eligibility for social housing.
social barriers
Sources: Amnesty International (2013) Open Online (2015)
one in four EU citizens feel uncomfortable to have Roma people as neighbours
Numbers of Roma people in Europe and Italy segregation
integregation
“Il paese dei campi” “The country of the camps” European Roma Rights Center (2000),
50K
225K
10K 120K
14K 7K
3K
3K
14K 5K 3K
400K 700K
Sources: European Roma Rights Center (2000) Il Sole 24 Ore (2015) Open Online (2015)
180K 4K
Roma settlements in Italy
informal settlements (48% of people) • in the suburbs of large urban areas • close to highways, railways, parks, dumps • lacking electricity, fresh water, sewage • self-constructed shelters
formal settlements (36% of people) • outside the urban fabric • fenced and patroled areas • provided with electricity, fresh water, sewage • caravan, container, shelters
semi-formal settlements (16% of people) • tolerated settlements: gradual breakdown of the services • institutionalized settlements: gradual introduction of the services
Sources: Associazione 21 luglio Onlus (2019)
“Il paese dei campi” “The country of the camps” European Roma Rights Center (2000),
Roma settlements in Italy: large urban areas
Roma people in formal settlements around 12.700 people in the whole country Milan ~ 200 people in big informal settlements
Roma people in small informal settlements The urban areas of Rome and Milan have the highest amount of informal settlements Roma people in large (> 100 living units) informal settlements
Rome ~ 100 people in big informal settlements
Naples ~ 900 people in big informal settlements
Sources: Associazione 21 luglio Onlus (2019), (2021) Il Sole 24 Ore (2015)
The biggest informal settlements are in Campania region Around 7.300 people live in situations of informality (both small and large settlements)
Naples Scampia Barra Gianturco Torre del Greco
Afragola
Casoria
Torre Annunziata
Temporary / permanent lifestyle in the settlements
stable / permanent 9% precarious
78% 13%
temporary / seasonal
formal settlement
semi-formal settlement
informal settlement
Sources: Cittalia, Unar; Anci (2016) Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2021)
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Roma inadequate housing in 1991 CESCR defined the parameters for adequate housing
location
habitability
in 2013 Amnesty International reported the inadequate living conditions in Roma settlements in Italy
availability of services
Mon Tue Wed MonThu Tue Fri Mon WedSat Tue ThuSun Wed Fri MonThu Sat TueFri Sun Wed Mon SatThu Mon Tue SunFri Tue WedSat Wed Thu Mon Sun Thu Fri Tue Fri Sat Mon WedSat Sun Tue ThuSun Wed Fri MonThu Sat TueFri Sun Wed Mon SatThu Tue SunFriWedSatThuSunFri
m
2k
m
2k
m
2k
m
2k
2 km away from the closest public transport
cultural adequacy
segregation
Sat
Sun
m
2k
5,3 sqm of indoor living area available for each person
Sources: Amnesty International (2013) UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) (1991)
Access to drinking water 3 hours 3 days a week
Patrolling or cameras monitoring 24 hours every day
Nomadic context for people with a stable lifestyle
01 02 03 04
concept and design
3D printing oportunities
migrations settlements in italy
Roma history and ilifestyle
introduction
When and why have Roma migrated to Italy?
The time-line Roma migrations to Italy The deveolpment of the Roma migrations towards italy and their allocations 40-50.000 people
Eastern Europe, Nazi Germany crisis of the first post-war period. Escape from Nazi persecution
25.000 people
3° WAVE ethnic cleaning economic crisis
15,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane, Lautari Roma Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia End of peaceful interethnic coexistence. Bosniac war in 1992 and the Kosovo conflict at the end of the century.
30-40.000 people (new5° EUWAVE members)
economic crisis
originally from India
1° WAVE Ottoman persecutions
8-11 000 harvati, kalderasha, istrian and slovenian roms. Sinti communities
40-50 000 Communities identified as "gens cingara"divited in Rom and Sinti German and austrian territories. Groups coming from Greece Directed to Rome in order to obtain the papal indulgence. escape persecution by the Ottomans
8-11.000 people
2°Nazi WAVE
persecutions
Sources: https://www.21luglio.org/2019/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/periferie-lontane.pdf Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Libro Leti, Rom e Sinti d’Europa Piasere, L. (2004) Spinelli, S. (2012), (2016)
25,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane Roma Former Yugoslavia, Poland, Algeria Economic crisis caused by the financial reform promoted by Tito. Victims of "ethnic cleaning."
15.000 people
Yugoslav wars 4° WAVE
30-40 000 Lautari, Keramidare, Ceramizari Roma Bulgaria, Romania End of the Ceausescu regime and severe economic crisis, discrimination. Entering of Romania in the EU
The time-line Italian policies about Roma settlements The deveolpment of the Roma migrations towards italy and their allocations 15,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane, Lautari Roma
8-11 000 harvati, kalderasha, istrian and slovenian roms. Sinti communities
40-50.000 people
1° WAVE
25.000 people
persecution and discrimination
ethnic cleaning economic crisis
8-11.000 people
segregation 25,000 Xoraxané, Dasikane Roma in the camps
crisis of the first post-war period. Escape from Nazi persecution
3° WAVE
Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia
lack of a long-term strategy
End of peaceful interethnic coexistence. Bosniac war in 1992 and the Kosovo conflict at the end of the century.
30-40.000 people
5°EUWAVE (new members) economic crisis
originally from India
Ottoman persecutions
Eastern Europe, Nazi Germany
rooted fear 40-50 000 Communities identified as ofcingara"divited “nomads” "gens in Rom and Sinti German and austrian territories. Groups coming from Greece Directed to Rome in order to obtain the papal indulgence. escape persecution by the Ottomans
Nazi
2° WAVE persecutions
Sources: Amnestyhttps://www.21luglio.org/2019/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/periferie-lontane.pdf International (2013) Libro Leti, Rom e Sinti d’Europa Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Spinelli, S. (2012), (2016)
Former Yugoslavia, Poland, Algeria Economic crisis caused by the financial reform promoted by Tito. Victims of "ethnic cleaning."
15.000 people
Yugoslav wars
4° WAVE
emergency 30-40 000 Lautari, Keramidare, policies Ceramizari Roma Bulgaria, Romania become a trap End of the Ceausescu regime and severe economic crisis, discrimination. Entering of Romania in the EU
What do the Roma camps look like?
at
The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters
Turin Lungo Stura Lazio camp informal settlement since 2000 40.000 sqm City of Turin
Sun
2.000
location
habitability
Mon Tue Wed Thu
0,5 km away from the closest grocery shop
6 to 8 people living in a self-constructed shack or a caravan
Sources: Il paese dei campi (Website): https://www.ilpaesedeicampi.it/ La versione di Jean (Website): https://laversionedijean.it/ Torino Today (2012)
availability of services
Fri
SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu
segregation
FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu
2 km away from the closest source of drinking water
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
1 gate to access the self-contained community
cultural adequacy
Fri
Sat
Sun
self-organized common areas for gatherings or worship
at
The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters
Rome Muratella camp tolerated settlement since 2000 15.800 sqm City of Turin
Sun
location
800
habitability
Mon Tue Wed Thu
2,3 km away from the closest grocery shop
6 to 8 people living in a container (several were destroyed by fires)
Sources: Associazione 21 Luglio Onlus (2019) Il Paese dei Campi (Website): https://www.ilpaesedeicampi.it/ Roma Today (2020)
availability of services
Fri
SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu
segregation
FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu
lack of mainenance in the water and electricity systems
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
24 h/day video surveillance
cultural adequacy
Fri
Sat
Sun
3 groups of different culture with different living habits
at
The “country of the camps” 40.000 square meters
Naples (Scampia) Cupa Perillo camp informal settlement since 1985 50.000 sqm City of Turin
Sun
location
400
habitability
Mon Tue Wed Thu
1 km away from the closest grocery shop
6 to 8 people living in a self-constructed shack
availability of services
Fri
SatMon Sun Tue Wed Thu
FriMon Mon SatTueSun Tue Wed Wed ThuThuFri FriSatMon SatSun Mon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu
abusive connection to water and electricity grid lack of waste disposal
Sources: Commissione Igiene e Sanità del Senato (2017) Il Paese dei Campi (2022) Saudino, F. (2016)
segregation
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
400+ hours of patrolling during summer 2017
cultural adequacy
Fri
Sat
Sun
none of the 200 minors was enrolled to high school
01 02 03 04
concept and design
addressing vulnerabilities design and construction optimization
3D printing oportunities
Roma community in Italy
introduction
How can 3D printing turn the Roma settlements vulnerabilities into opportunities?
From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu
location
habitability
Fri Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon Sat Sun Tue Wed Thu
Mon Tue Wed Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Fri Mon SatMon Tue SunTue WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu
availability of services
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
segregation
Fri
Sat
Sun
cultural adequacy
decontextualized unpleasant faraway City of Turin
Sources: ARUP (2018)
connect to local
boost beauty
use and integrate local material, resources, knowledge
outdoor equipment: faster production, less material
From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu
location
habitability
Fri
Sat
Sun
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon Tue Wed Thu
MonMon Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri SatMon Sat SunTue Sun Wed Thu
availability of services
Fri
Sat
Sun
FriMonSat Tue Mon Sun Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat FriMon Sun Sat TueSun Wed Thu
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
segregation
Fri
Sat
Sun
cultural adequacy
poor quality environment inadequate materials limited space City of Turin
Sources: Iaac (Freitas, B. and Shivapuram, N.) (2021)
‘additive’ modularity
circularity of materials
optimization of the printing phase and possibility to upgrade
recycle and upcycle materials to enhance their properties
From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu
location
habitability
Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu
Fri
Fri
Sat Mon Sun Tue Wed Thu
Sat
Sun
Mon Tue Wed Thu
Fri MonMon Sat TueTue Sun WedWed ThuThu Fri FriSat Sat Sun Mon SunTue Wed Thu
availability of services
Fri
Sat
Sun
FriMonSat TueSun Wed Thu
Fri
SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
segregation
Fri
Sat
Sun
cultural adequacy
no water no electricity no sewage City of Turin
Sources: Iaac (Foroughi, A. et al.) (2019) Mario Cucinella Architects (2021)
less energy
services integration
optimization of the printing phase and possibility to upgrade
recycle and upcycle materials to enhance their properties
From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu
location
Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu
habitability
Fri
Fri
Mon Sat Mon Sun Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri Mon Sat Sat Tue Sun Sun Wed Thu
availability of services
Sat Fri
Sun
Mon Tue Wed Thu
Mon Sat Sun Tue Mon Wed Tue Thu Wed Fri Thu Sat Fri Sun Sat
Sun
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon Tue Wed Thu
segregation fenced settlements surveillance no infrastructure
City of Turin
equipped buffer zone furnish the areas surrounding the settlement with 3D printed sports and leisure facilities
Sources: ARUP (2018) Erlacher, G. (2015)
Fri
Sat
Sun
cultural adequacy
From vulnerabilities to 3D printing opportunities 40.000 square meters Mon Tue Wed Thu Mon Tue Wed Thu
location
habitability
Fri Mon Sat Tue Sun Wed Thu
Fri
Fri
Sat
Mon Sat Mon Sun Tue Tue WedWed Thu Thu Fri Fri Mon SatMon Sat Tue SunTue Sun WedWed ThuThu Fri FriMon Sat Sat Sun TueSun Wed Thu
availability of services
Sun Fri
Mon Tue Wed Thu SatMon SunTue Wed Thu
Fri
Sat
Fri
Sat
Sun
Sun
segregation
cultural adequacy specific housing features community needs school dropout
City of Turin
participatory design
self construction
getting to know the community for understanding their needs and aspirations
3D printed modules can be set up to integrate self-constructed elements
Sources: Elemental Chile (Website): https://www.elementalchile.cl/en/ Iaac (Freitas, B., Shivapuram, N.) (2021)
What is the impact of 3D printing on design and construction processes?
Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters
on site
off site
3D printing
shape achievability
time-effective construction cost-effective construction
scalable / reproducible
traditional
TE CH N
preciseness + shape adjustability
Y OG OL
EC O
low-complexity design
MY O N
City of Turin
variables
SO C
integration of crafting techniques Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Mario Cucinella Architects (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)
minimized injuries
T EN NM
job training opportunities (build, maintain)
EN V IR O
TY IE
research-based assumptions
recycling materials
limit building phases
resources saving (life cycle)
Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters
on site
off site
3D printing
shape achievability
time-effective construction cost-effective construction
scalable / reproducible
traditional
TE CH N
preciseness + shape adjustability
Y OG OL
EC O
low-complexity design
MY O N
City of Turin
variables
SO C
integration of crafting techniques Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020) Zaha Hadid Architects (2021)
minimized injuries
T EN NM
job training opportunities (build, maintain)
EN V IR O
TY IE
research-based assumptions
recycling materials
limit building phases
resources saving (life cycle)
Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters
on site
off site
3D printing
shape achievability
time-effective construction cost-effective construction
scalable / reproducible
traditional
TE CH N
preciseness + shape adjustability
Y OG OL
EC O
low-complexity design
MY O N
City of Turin
variables
SO C
integration of crafting techniques
Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)
minimized injuries
T EN NM
job training opportunities (build, maintain)
EN V IR O
TY IE
research-based assumptions
recycling materials
limit building phases
resources saving (life cycle)
Comparing cunstruction technologies 40.000 square meters
on site
off site
3D printing
shape achievability
time-effective construction cost-effective construction
scalable / reproducible
traditional
TE CH N
preciseness + shape adjustability
Y OG OL
EC O
low-complexity design
MY O N
City of Turin
variables
SO C
integration of crafting techniques
Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)
minimized injuries
T EN NM
job training opportunities (build, maintain)
EN V IR O
TY IE
research-based assumptions
recycling materials
limit building phases
resources saving (life cycle)
Comparing cunstruction technologies
EC O
TY IE
TE CH N
EN VI RO
EN VI RO
SO C
T EN NM
TY IE
MY NO
T EN NM
TE CH N
Y OG OL
MY NO
Y OG OL
EC O
3D printing 40.000 square meters
SO C
T EN NM
TY IE
EC O
TY IE
SO C
traditional
TE CH N
T EN NM
MY NO
EN VI RO
EN VI RO
SO C
Sources: 3drific (Vihaan, Y.) (2022) all3dp (Gregurić, L.) (2021) Allouzi, R. et al. (2020)
TE CH N
Y OG OL
MY NO
Y OG OL
EC O
on site
off site
City of Turin
01 02 03 04
Cupa Perillo site analysis design and environmental strategies cell - tissue - organism
concept and design
3D printing oportunities
Roma community in Italy
introduction
What are the living conditions in Cupa Perillo camp?
Site location Cupa Perillo camp
Melito di Napoli Mugnano di Napoli
1.5 km from Cupa Perillo camp Napoli (Scampia)
20 minutes walking
highway
Sources: Google Earth (Website): https://www.google.it/intl/it/earth/
Site location Cupa Perillo camp
cultivated land industrial areas low-density urban fabric high-density urban fabic Restart Scampia project
Sources: Comune di Napoli (Website): https://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/36385 Google Earth (Website): https://www.google.it/intl/it/earth/
Site visit outputs
Site visit outputs
family composition
400 people on average a family consists of 10 people
Site visit outputs
ethnicities & religions
macedonian muslims + christians orthodox
Site visit outputs
house layout
one floor houses for living attached to the ground
Site visit outputs
orchards
Site visit outputs
urban mining
Site visit outputs
craftsmanship
Site visit outputs
‘il luogo che vorrei’
Site visit outputs
the poor housing quality makes the camp difficult to inhabit
summer discomfort
Site visit outputs
rain & flood
Site visit outputs
radical changes may annoy the other people living in Scampia
gradual beauty
Which are the design strategies for an innovative settlement?
Design strategies
village
urban area
EU goals equality inclusion participation self-sufficient village integrated in the context
Design strategies
temperature
humidity
wind
rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
Winter Nov-Apr
Summer May-Oct
Average temperature: 10.6 °C
Average temperature: 20.4 °C
Design strategies
temperature
humidity
wind
rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
Winter Nov-Apr
Summer May-Oct
Average humidity: 75,7%
Average humidity: 72,6%
Design strategies
temperature
humidity
wind
rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA Windfinder (Website): https://it.windfinder.com/
Summer wind May-Oct
Winter wind Nov-Apr
Average wind speed: 22.2 kts
Average wind speed: 24.3 kts
Main direction: S
Main direction: NE
Settlement strategies TEMPERATURE
Design strategies
RADIATION
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
WIND
SOCIAL AND FAMILY ORGANIZATION
CLIMATE
temperature
November (most rainfall): 36% - 180 mm July (less rainfall): 8% - 50 mm
humidity
wind
rain Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
PRECIPITATION
Design strategies
thermal mass local material rainwater harvesting
Design strategies
extended family community craft and building skills
The concept
‘Il luogo che vorrei’ The concept design
LUOGO CHE VORREI” idea 1 “ILtheir
living
In the case of an extended units inthanks a circular layout family to the patio we can enhance the social aspect between relatives whos houses face the central green space but still keeping a connection with the community
CONCEPT circular building 2 THEIR
through the translation of it allows spacious interiors their for concept into architectural space the design still but seems pretty segregated without any connection with it avoids a permeable use of world outside
the central area
INCLUSIVE DESIGN inclusive design 3 AN By breaking the circle we
breaking circle for people allowthe the circulation of people and air. At the same time and air circulationwe obtain pieces which can be
combined blocks to meet social the curved canand be enviromental needs. combined in many ways
Configurations The configurations
PATIO the patio 1 THE
In the case of an extended an extended family shares family thanks to the patio wea can enhance the social central green space aspect between relatives whos housesup facetowards the central the patio opens green space but still keeping a the community connection with the community
theDOUBLE doublePATIO” patio 2 “THE
In the case two extended the extended family cluster is families want to live close to each other we provide an expanded easy interconnection between two patios. are moreand twothe patios are We visually at a community scale.
physically connected
SNAKE snake 3 THE the In the case a family aggregation of smaller prefers a private patio, families semi-private this iswith obtained by the patios shape of the unit itself, but they still have the interaction with the rest of the community
le
The module
linear walls allow for integration of construction development by the community create standardized spaces inside
an harmonious shape connects with the circular patio concept and suits 3d printing
Environmental strategies
elevation above ground ABOVE ABOVE THETHE 2 ELEVATION 2 ELEVATION GROUND GROUND allows for wind permeability Raising Raising the the addresses themodule mudmodule problem above above the ground the ground caused by rainhelpshelps the wind the wind permeability permeability whilewhile addressing addressing the the mudmud problem problem caused caused by by rain. rain.
natural ventilation ENHANCING NATURAL NATURAL 3 ENHANCING 3enhancing VENTILATION VENTILATION the narrow section fosters cross The The narrow narrow shape shape of the of the ventlation building allows cross cross thebuilding roof isallows detached from the ventlation ventlation and a double anatural double ceiling toand increases roof roof increases increases natural natural ventilation ventilation. ventilation. The The inverted inverted pitched pitched roof roof is also is also a cona conctruction ctruction tipology tipology which which is not is far notfrom far from whatwhat theythey are used are used to build to build
Environmental strategies
roof overhang 1 OVERHANGS
two flaps of theon roof the roofThe provides shade and provide shade around the around the module module and have different
the overhand dependswith on the lenght according the buildingorientation orientationofthe the seasonal building and sun the sun pathpath during the seasons in order to reduce the discomfort especially in summer
rainwater harvesting HARVESTING 2 THE WATER
The of theroof two slopes theinclination inverted pitch channels towards a common direction the rainwater allows the recovery and the potenwater is then stored tial storage and treated reuse of and rainwater domestic uses for all thefor domestic uses creating a water circularity system
Eco-strategies
Environmental strategies Eco-strategies
summer solstice 21st June - 12 pm 72,5°
photovoltaic panels
ventilated roof
25,7°
winter solstice 21st December - 12 pm
orchards water treatment
grey water water storage tank
wetland orchards
wetland
Urban mining
metal sheet roof
metal sheet roof
3D printed wall
3D printed wall
free surface
3D printed module
free surfaces
self-construction
outer walls are made of 3d printed layers (inner - outer - ‘backbone’)
3d printing is interrupted in some parts for leaving space to customization
each family can decide to expand the house connecting self-built elements
Urban mining The Arrangements
ROOF-BASE COMPOSTION 2roof composition
By connecting the roofs and the platform of two or more modules connecting the roofs of two or a open but covered space is more modules open created, an this way we covered meet the need of the roma people space is created loving stay outside.
BUFFER ZONES 3 THE buffer zones The spaces between the modules could be modules closed spaces between the through light structures can be enclosed through light (wooden brisoleil...) to structures to reduce summer reduce the summer and winter thermaland discomfort discomfort also provide a more private space when needed
shape achievability
time-effective construction
cost-effective construction Urban mining INTING
scalable / reproducible
3d scanning
TY IE
EC O
preciseness + shape adjustability
EN VI RO
job training opportunities (building, maintenance)
TE CH N Y OG OL
MY NO
T EN NM
low-complexity design
SO C
ON SITE
integration of crafting techniques
materials recyclability
limited n° of building phases
minimized injuries
resources saving (full life cycle)
shape achievability organic shapes material recyclability urban mining: 3d scan urban mining: aggregates from crashed material integration of crafting techniques partial self-construction job training opportunities higher skilled employments
self-construction
Bio-inspiration: from the unit to the village
the organism
the tissue
the cell
Bio-inspiration
the organism
the tissue
the cell
Module
Sunpath and cumulative radiation winter solstice sunpath
summer solstice sunpath
21st December 12 pm
21st June 12 pm
25.7°
72.5°
cumulative radiation
2 kWh/m kwh/m²
<1.00
< 1.0
15.50
30.00< 30.0 <
annual analysis
Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ kwh/m² epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA <1.00
15.50
30.00<
<1.00
15.50
summer analysis kwh/m² 30.00<
winter analysis
Radiation analysis: standard module
kwh/m²
solar radiation mapping annual analysis
average value: 471,6 kWh/m2
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0
Radiation analysis: roof addition
kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0
kwh/m²
solar radiation mapping annual analysis
average value: 390,9 kWh/m2 -17,1% kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0
1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 100 0 0
Radiation analysis: modules aggregation
kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0
kwh/m²
solar radiation mapping annual analysis
average value: 371,6 kWh/m2 -21,2% kwh/m² 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 0
1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 100 0 0
Daylight analysis: standard module DF > 2%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
0
100% of the surface > 2%
100%
0
0.7%
2%
>2%
0% 0,7% 2% >2%
daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky
0
%2>
0
%2
%7.0
0
6,4% 100% 100%
0
0.7% 0 0.7% 2%
2% >2% >2%
Daylight analysis: roof addition DF > 2%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
0
100% of the surface > 2%
100%
0
0.7%
2%
>2%
0% 0,7% 2% >2%
daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky
0
%2>
0
%2
%7.0
0
5,9% 100% 100%
0
0.7% 0 0.7% 2%
2% >2% >2%
DF >2%DF >2%
Daylight analysis: modules aggregation DF > 2%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
0
100% 91% 91% of the of the of the surface surface surface 0 0.7% 2% >2% >>2% 2% >2% 0% 0,7% 2% >2%
100%
daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky
00
%2>
0
%2
%7.0
0
5,3% 100% 100% 100%
0
0.7% 2% >2% 00 0.7% 0.7% 2% 2%
>2% >2%
DF >2%DF >2%
Daylight analysis: participatory process DF > 2%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
0
91% 91% of the of the of the surface surface surface 0 0.7% 2% >2% >>2% 2% >2% 0% 0,7% 2% >2%
100%
daylight factor ratio of internal illuminance at the point of interest, to illuminance from unobstructed sky
00
%2>
0
%2
%7.0
0
4,5% 100% 100% 100%
0
0.7% 2% >2% 00 0.7% 0.7% 2% 2%
>2% >2%
Daylight analysis: standard module UDLI > 50%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux
0
7,9% UDLI < 100 lux
%2>
%2
%7.0
Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
50,6% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux
41,5% UDLI > 2000 lux
Daylight analysis: roof addition UDLI > 50%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux
0
8,1% UDLI < 100 lux
%2>
%2
%7.0
Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
57,3% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux
34,5% UDLI > 2000 lux
Daylight analysis: modules aggregation UDLI > 50%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux
0
8,5% UDLI < 100 lux
%2>
%2
%7.0
Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 00 100% 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
68,4% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux
23,2% UDLI > 2000 lux
Daylight analysis: participatory process UDLI > 50%
0
BENCHMARK
%001
100%
0%
useful daylight illuminance percentage of time during the active occupancy hours that the test points receives between 100 and 2000 lux
0
2,4% UDLI < 100 lux
%2>
%2
%7.0
Sources: CBE Clima Tool (Website): https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/ 0 100% epw Napoli-Capodichino.AP, ITA
85,6% 100 lux < UDLI < 2000 lux
12,0% UDLI > 2000 lux
Concept strategies Concept strategies
prevaling wind
buffer zone internal gains
customization thermal mass cross ventilation
flexible space
living area sleeping area services
Concept strategies Concept strategies
3
Concept strategies 5
7 5
3
7,40 m2 18,50 m2 30,40 m2
31,50
22,80 m2
living area sleeping area services
living area sleeping area services
Concept strategies Concept strategies
Concept strategies 5
3
7 5
3 7,40 m2
7,40 m2
7,40 m2 7,40 m2 18,50 m2
18,50 m2
30,40 m2
18,50 m2 18,50 m22 31,5 m
31,50 m2 30,40 m2
31,50
22,80 m2 22,80 m2
40,50 m2
Concept strategies
Concept living area
56,3 m2
sleeping area
3 18,8 m2
services 5 3
strategies
80,2 m2
97,4 m2 75 3 13,9 m2
16,0 m2
7,40 m2
Concept strategies
7,407,40 m2 m2
living area sleeping area services 2 2 7,40 7,40 m 7,40 m m2
Walls and ceiling external ceiling covering non-woven fabric
waterproof layer recycled plastic membrane
thermal and acoustic insulation cotton fiber layer
ceiling secondary structure wooden panels and beams
3D printed sleeper beam fiber reinforced concrete
The strategies urban-mined element
water harvesting
wooden door
3d printed wall soil-based design mix
1 OVERHANGS
The two flaps of the roof provide shade around the module and have different
Roof
inverted pitched roof corrugated metal sheet 0,6 mm thick
roof structure scaffolding tubes main structure Ø 75 mm secondary structure Ø 50 mm
rain harvesting gutter metal profile
The strategies
roof vertical structure circular section steel pillars Ø 75 mm
water harvesting
1 OVERHANGS
The two flaps of the roof provide shade around the module and have different
the organism
the tissue
the cell
Cluster
Cluster
self-constructed element 3D printed wall
Cluster evolution
today
in 5 years
in 20 years
Study model
Study model
the organism
the tissue
the cell
Masterplan
Masterplan evergreen trees agriculture craftsmanship food market
education events area
residential area
playground health
sports
decidous trees
Public facilities
Construction process
Environmental strategies
Construction process
Construction process
Bio-inspiration
the cell is reproduced, shifted, rotated, streched to obtain different kinds of tissue
Urban mining Waste management
sun-shading systems can be 3d-printed using a plastic mix coming from waste
outdoor equipment and furniture can be produced on site to minimize transport
3d printing mix
the printing mix used for the walls is soil-based and retrieved locally
3d printing infill
the inner structure of the walls depends on the need for thermal mass or thermal insulation
Participatory construction
community empowerment through the engagement from design to construction
cluster
made of
earth
cluster earth
clustearth
clustearth
clustearth
Sources 3drific (Vihaan, Y.), (2022). The cost of 3D printed houses in 2021 [online]. 3drific. [Accessed on: 10.05.2022]. Available at: https://www.3drific.com/the-cost-of-3dprinted-houses-in-2021/ all3dp (Gregurić, L.), (2021). How Much Does a 3D Printed House Cost? [online]. all3dp. [Accessed on: 10.05.2022]. Available at: https://all3dp.com/2/3d-printed-housecost/ Allouzi, R., Al-Azhari, W. and Allouzi, R., (2020). Conventional Construction and 3D Printing: A Comparison Study on Material Cost in Jordan. Journal of Engineering. Vol. 2020(7):1-14. Available at: https://doi. org/10.1155/2020/1424682 Amnesty International, (2013). Double Standards. Italy’s housing policies discriminate against Roma. Research report EUR 30/008/2013. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ eur30/008/2013/en/ Amnesty International, (2015). The Roma in Europe: 11 things you always wanted to know but were afraid to ask [online]. Amnesty International. [Accessed on: 15.04.2021]. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/ campaigns/2015/04/roma-in-europe-11things-you-always-wanted-to-know-butwere-afraid-to-ask/ ARUP, (2018). Under the viaduct. Neglected spaces No Longer. Discussion Paper. Available at: https://www.arup.com/ perspectives/publications/research/ section/under-the-viaduct Associazione 21 luglio Onlus, (2019). Comunità rom negli insediamenti
formali e informali in Italia. Periferie Lontane. Annual report 2019. Available at: https://www.21luglio.org/ periferie-lontane-rapporto-annuale-2019/ Associazione 21 luglio Onlus, (2021). Comunità rom negli insediamenti formali e informali in Italia. L’esclusione nel tempo del Covid. Annual report 2021. Available at: https://www.21luglio.org/ cs-lesclusione-nel-tempo-del-covid/ CBE Clima Tool [Website]. CBE Clima Tool. [Accessed on: 03.05.2022]. Available at: https://clima.cbe.berkeley.edu/
Google Earth [Website]. Google Earth. [Accessed on: 22.04.2022]. Available at: https://www.google.it/intl/it/earth/ Homeless World Cup Foundation [Website]. Global Homelessness Statistics. [Accessed on: 15.04.2022]. Available at: https://homelessworldcup.org/ homelessness-statistics/ Iaac (Freitas, B. and Shivapuram, N.), (2021). Banyan House. Institute for advanced architecture of Catalonia (Iaac). [Accessed on: 28.04.2022]. Available at: https://www. iaacblog.com/programs/banyan-house/
Cittalia, Unar, Anci (Giovannetti, M., Baldoni, Iaac (Foroughi, A., Loonawat, B. V., Cengiz, E., Marchesini, N.), (2016). Gli insediamenti O. and Randeria, S. C.), (2019). Kakuma Rom, Sinti e Caminanti in Italia. Available at: City. Institute for advanced architecture https://www.cittalia.it/utility/la-fondazione/ of Catalonia (Iaac). [Accessed on: pubblicazioni/gli-insediamenti-rom-sinti-e28.04.2022]. Available at: https://www. caminanti-in-italia/ iaacblog.com/programs/kakuma-city/ Comune di Napoli [Website]. Restart Scampia [Accessed on: 07-05-2022]. Available at: https://www.comune.napoli. it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/ IDPagina/36385 Elemental Chile [Website]. Elemental Chile. [Accessed on: 28.04.2022]. Available at: https://www.elementalchile.cl/en/ European Roma Rights Center, (2000). Il paese dei campi. La segregazione razziale dei Rom in Italia, serie “Rapporti nazionali”, n. 9. Available at: http://www. errc.org/reports-and-submissions/ il-paese-dei-campi Erlacher, G., (2015). Himmel aus Beton | Skies of concrete. A photographic exploration of urban rural spaces in blind areas. Zurich: Park Books
Il paese dei campi [Website]. Il Paese dei Campi. [Accessed on: 01.06.2022]. Available at: https://www.ilpaesedeicampi. it/ Il Sole 24 Ore (Aragona, E.), (2015). La mappa dei rom in Italia. La comunità conta 150/170 mila persone [online]. Info Data Il Sole 24 Ore. [Accessed on: 15.04.2021]. Available at: https://www. infodata.ilsole24ore.com/2015/09/29/lamappa-dei-rom-in-italia-la-comunita-conta150170-mila-persone/ La versione di Jean [Website]. La versione di Jean. [Accessed on: 15.04.2022]. Available at: https://laversionedijean.it/ La versione di Jean, (2020). [Video documentary]. Cencetti, M., Diaconescu, J., Iannitto, S. directors. Italy. Available
at: https://www.openddb.it/film/ la-versione-di-jean/ Mario Cucinella Architects, (2021). TECLA - Technology and Clay [online]. Mario Cucinella Architects. [Accessed on: 28.04.2022]. Available at: https://www. mcarchitects.it/tecla OHCHR [Website]. Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing. [Accessed on 15.04.2022]. Available at: https:// www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/ sr-housing Open Online, (2015). I rom in Italia e in Europa: quanti sono davvero e come vengono gestiti i “campi” nel resto dell’Ue [online]. Open Online. [Accessed on: 15.04.2022]. Available at: https://www. open.online/2019/07/15/roma-italiaeuropa-quanto-sono-davvero-comevengono-gestiti-campi-resto-ue/ Orizzonti Politici, (2022). Così l’Italia non è riuscita ad integrare Rom e Sinti [online]. Orizzonti Politici. [Accessed on: 31.05.2022]. Available at: https://www.orizzontipolitici.it/ rom-sinti-italia-integrazione/ Piasere, L., (2004). I rom d’Europa. Una storia moderna. Bari: Editori Laterza Roma Today, (2020). Campo rom via Candoni [online]. Roma Today. [Accessed on: 01.06.2022]. Available at: https:// www.romatoday.it/foto/cronaca/ campo-rom-via-candoni/ Spinelli, S., (2012). Ro, genti libere. Storia, arte e cultura di un popolo misconosiuto. Milano: Baldini Castoldi Dalai editore Spinelli, S., (2016). Rom questi sconosciuti.
Sources Storia, lingua, arte e cultura e tutto ciò che non sapete di un popolo millenario. Sesto San Giovanni (MI): Mimesis edizioni Torino Today, (2012). Emergenza rifiuti in lungo Stura Lazio [online]. Torino Today. [Accessed on: 01.06.2022]. Available at: https://www.torinotoday.it/foto/cronaca/ emergenza-rifiuti-in-lungo-stura-lazio/ UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), (1991). General Comment No. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing (Art. 11(1) of the Covenant), 13 December 1991, E/1992/23. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/ docid/47a7079a1.html UNHCR, (2020). Global trends. Forced displacement in 2020. Global Trends 2020. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/ flagship-reports/globaltrends/ Windfinder [Website]. Windfinder. [Accessed on 03.05.2022]. Available at: https:// it.windfinder.com/#9/41.3997/12.2388 Zaha Hadid Architects, (2021). Striatus 3D Printed Concrete Bridge [online]. Zaha Hadid Architects. [Accessed on: 28.04.2022]. Available at: hhttps://www. zaha-hadid.com/design/striatus/#
clustearth
Thank You