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a&TYajymif;'ku©onfrsm; ta&;ESif U pyfvsOf;í qE´jyolrsm;u *smreD 0efBuD;csKyfukd &mxl;rS qif;ay;&ef awmif;qkd '&ufpf'ef atmufwkdbm 13 *smreDEidk if w H iG f Ekid if t H wGi;f okdY tqrwef 0ifa&mufvm onfh a&TUajymif;'ku©onfrsm; ta&;ukdifwG,frIESifh pyfvsOf; í qE´jyolrsm;u 0efBuD;csKyf tdef*sJvmrmu,fvfukd &mxl;rS qif;ay;&ef awmif;qkcd ahJ Mumif; od&onf/ a&TUajymif;olrsm; qefYusif a&;ygwDwpfckjzpfonfh PEGIDA ygwDtBuD;tuJ wuf*sem zufpwmvifEiS hf qE´jyol axmif aygif;rsm;pGmwdo Yk nf atmufwdk bm12&ufu EkdifiHta&SUykdif;&Sd '&ufpf'efNrdKUwGifpka0;í 0efBuD; csKyf rmu,fvu f dk &mxl;rS Ekwf xGuaf y;&ef awmif;qkcd jhJ cif;jzpf onf/ xkjYd yif tpd;k &taejzifh Ekid if H twGif;odkY a&TUajymif;'ku©onf rsm; tqrwef 0ifa&mufrIukd
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'rwfpuyf atmufwkdbm 13 qD;&D;,m;EkdifiH 'rwfpuyf NrdKUawmf&Sd ½k&Sm;oH½kH;ukd ,aeY wGif armfwmjzifh ypfcwfwkduf
cJjh cif;jzpfNy;D oH½;Hk rSm xdcu dk yf suf pD;rIr&SdcJhaMumif;? rsufjrifouf aowpfOD;\ ajymMum;csuft& ypfcwfvu dk o f nfAh ;kH oD;rsm;teuf wpfv;kH rSm oH½;Hk Nc0H if;twGi;f okYd usa&mufcJhaomfvnf; oH½kH; taqmufttHu k rdk l xdreS cf jhJ cif; r&SdaMumif; od&onf/ (0JyHk) tvm;wl AHk;oD;wpfvHk;rSm oH½;Hk twGi;f okYd usa&mufayguf uGcJ ahJ omfvnf; oH½;Hk trIxrf; ckdufcHcJh&aMumif; od&onf/ wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ 'Pf&m&&Scd hJ tqkdyg wkdufckdufrIonfNrdKU jcif;r&Sad Mumif;? oH½;Hk \ajymMum; awmftwGif; ½k&Sm;axmufcHa&; csuu f dk uk;d um;í ½k&mS ;tifwm qE´jyyGrJ sm;usi;f yaepOf jzpfymG ; zufpo f wif;at*sifpDu xkwf
topfwnfaqmufrnfU tar&dueftajcpkdufpcef; pDrHudef;cGifUjyKrdefhukd tkduDem0gtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;u ½kyfodrf; wkdusKd atmufwkdbm 13 *syefEkdifiH tkduDem0gpD&ifpk twGi;f topfwnfaqmufrnfh tar&duef tajcpkdufpcef;pDrH udef;cGifhjyKrdefYukd ,if;pD&ifpktkyf csKyfa&;rSL;u ,aeYwGif jyef vnf ½kyo f rd ;f cJah Mumif; od& onf/ pD&ifpktwGif; rnfonfh ppf tajcpkdufpcef;ukdrQ xyfrHwnf aqmufcGifhrjyK&ef rdrdtaejzifh
twwfEkdifqHk; BudK;yrf;wm;jrpf oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; tkduDem0g tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; wmau&SDtkdem *gu ajymMum;cJhonf/ okaYd omf ¤if;\ qH;k jzwfcsuf ukd ajymif;vJypfEidk &f ef *syefA[kd tpkd;&u BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; tkduDem0guRef; ay:wGif wnfaqmufrnfh tar &duef tajcpku d pf cef;pDru H ed ;f ukd &yfwefYypfvkdufjcif;onf *syef
ESifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwkdY tMum; ppfpcef;ajymif;a&TUrnfh tpDtpOfEiS hf pyfvsO;f í oabm xm;uGv J rJG rI sm;jrifw h ufco hJ nf/ tkduDem0guRef;onf *syef jynfrBuD;awmifbuf rkdif200 tuGm&Sd uRef;rsm;teufrS wpf uRef;jzpfNyD; ,if;uRef;ay:&Sdvl aexlxyf&ma'otwGif; vuf &Sw d nfaqmufxm;aom zlwef; rm;tajcpku d pf cef;ukd vlaexkid f
tpöa&;EkdifiHwGif wkdufckdufrIrsm;jzpfyGm; vloHk;OD;aoqHk;NyD; 21OD;'Pf&m&&Sd a*s&kqvif atmufwkdbm 13
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cJ&h m ,if;jzpf&yftwGi;f vl16OD; 'Pf&m&&SdoGm;aMumif; &JwyfzGJU u ajymMum;cJYonf/ ,if;aemuftpöa&;vHNk cKH a&; wyfzGJUrsm;u tqkdygtMurf; zuform;rsm;ukd ypfcwfwkduf cku d cf &hJ m ¤if;wkEYd pS Of ;D teufrw S pf OD; aoqHk;cJhonf/ tvm;wl tjcm; wkdufckdufrIwpfckwGif armfawmf,mOfarmif; wpfOD;u NrdKUawmftwGif;&Sd bwfpum; *dwfwpfckukd 0ifwkdufNyD; aemuf teD;&Sd rmcsv D rf;rBu;D ay:rS awGU orQ vlrsm;ukd "m;jzifh wku d cf u dk f cJhaMumif; od&onf/ (,myHk) ,if;wku d cf u dk rf w I iG f vlig;OD;
'Pf&m&&SdNyD;wkdufckdufolESifh pyf vsO;f í tao;pdwu f w dk m0ef&o dS l rsm;u xkwfjyefxm;jcif;r&Sd aMumif;? xkdYjyif EkdifiHta&SUykdif; &mememNrKd U&Sd bwfpum;*dww f pf
0uf\t*F gtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd vlom;rsm;ü tpm;xkd;toHk;jyKEkdifrnfU vrf;pxGufay:
vef'ef atmufwkdbm 13 rsK;d ½k;d ADZjyKjyifajymif;vJxm; onfh 0uf\ t*Fgtpdwftykdif; rsm;ukd rMumrDtcsed w f iG f vlom; rsm;ü tpm;xk;d toH;k jyKEidk af wmh rnfjzpfaMumif; okawoe ynm &Sirf sm;\ avhvmcsut f & od& onf/ [m;Awfwuúov dk rf S okaw oDrsm;onf 0ufrsm;\ t*Fg tpdwftykdif;rS wpf½I;rsm;ukd vl Y.G.T emrsm;wGif tpm;xkd; toHk;jyK
ukoEkdifa&;twGuf q,fpkESpf rsm;pGm avhvmcJhMuaomfvnf; vlom;\ uk, d cf t H m;pepfaMumifh vlom;rsm;wGif 0uf\t*Fgtpdwf tykid ;f ukd tpm;xk;d ukorIjyKvyk f Ekdif&ef tcuftcJESifhBuHKawGUcJh &onf/ 0ufrsm;wGif ERVs trnf&Sd Element rsm;yg0ifNyD; ¤if;wkdYonf vlom;rsm;\qJvf rsm;ukd xdckdufapaomaMumifh tpm;xkd;uko&mwGif t[efY twm; jzpfay:apcJhonf/
okdYaomf ,cktcgygarmu© a*smch suEf iS hf taygif;tyg okaw oDrsm;onf t[efYtwm;jzpf aponfh tqkyd g Element rsm;ukd z,f&mS ;Ekid o f nfh enf;vrf;ukd &Sm azGawGU&SdcJhNyD;aemuf ,if;enf; vrf;ukd 0ufrsm;wGif prf;oyfcJh &m vlom;rsm;\ uk, d cf t H m;pepf twGi;f 0ifa&mufrnfh Element trsK;d aygif; 62rsK;d cefu Y dk z,f&mS ; EkdifcJhonfukd awGUcJh&onf/ rsK;d ½k;d ADZjyKjyifxm;aom qJvf
jyefcJhonf/ okdYaomf tqkdygwkdufckdufrI onf rnfonfh tzGJUtpnf;\ vufcsufjzpfaMumif;ukd qD;&D; ,m;tmPmykdifrsm;u xkwfjyef cJjh cif;r&Sad o;aMumif;? ½k&mS ;Ekid if H onf qD;&D;,m;or®w tmqwf \t"du r[mrdwfEkdifiHjzpfNyD; ½k&Sm; wkdufav,mOfrsm;onf qD;&D;,m;tpd;k &wyfrsm;ukd wku d f ckdufaeonfh taemufEkdifiHrsm; \ taxmuftyHYcH olykefwyf rsm;tay: t"duxm;wku d cf u dk f vsu&f o dS nf[k tar&dueftpd;k & u tapmykid ;f wGif pGypf cJG aYJ Mumif; od&onf/ Y.G.T
rIenf;yg;aom ae&mwpfckokdY ajymif;a&TU&efppD Ofaejcif;jzpfonf/ tkduDem0g tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; tkdem*g\ qHk;jzwfcsufonf w&m;r0ifaMumif;? tqkdyg ppf tajcpku d pf cef;wnfaqmufrnfh tpDtpOfukd avmavmq,f wGif &yfwefYxm;rnfjzpfaomf vnf;pDrHudef;ukd wwfEkdiforQ apmapmjyefvnf pwifEidk &f efvdk tyfonfrsm;ukd ukdifwG,fvkyf aqmifomG ;rnfjzpfaMumif; *syef umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xmeu wkHY jyefajymMum;cJhaMumif; od& Y.G.T onf/ ckwGifvnf; vlwpfOD;u*dwf twGif;rS vlrsm;ukd"m;jzifh wkduf ckdufcJhaMumif;? okdYaomfteD;&Sdvl rsm;u aemufqHk;wGif wkdufckduf olukd xdef;csKyfEkdifcJhonf/ ,if;jzpf&yfwiG f "m;jzifw h u dk f ckdufolrSm 'Pf&m&&SdcJYaMumif; tmPmykdifrsm;\ xkwfjyefcsuf Y.G.T t& od&onf/
rsm;onf "mwfccJG ef;twGi;f prf; oyfcJh&m ausmufuyfukd xdckduf Ekid af prnfh tvm;tvmrSm 1000 cefYavsmhenf;aeonfukd awGU&Sd cJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh odyÜHynm d nfh &Sirf sm;onf ERVs yg0ifrrI &So 0ufrsm;ukd zefwD;Ekdif&efBudK;yrf; vsuf&SdNyD; ¤if;wkdY\ awGU&Sdcsuf onf 0ufrsm;\ t*Fgrsm;ukd emruse;f jzpfaeonfh vlom;rsm; wGif tpm;xk;d Ekid rf nfh vrf;popf wpf&yfukd zGifhvSpfay;cJhaMumif; ygarmu©a*smch suu f NAw d ed Ef idk if H &Sd owif;XmewpfokdY ajymMum; cJhaMumif; od&onf/ Y.G.T
pmrsufESm 4
14-10-2015
]qD}taMumif; odaumif;p&m uRefawmfwdkY aeYpOfpm;oHk;aewJh tm[m&"mwfrSm tNrJygwJh tm[m&"mwfu qDjzpfygw,f/ Fat ac:tqDj'yfaygif;ygyJ/ Fat vdkYac:wJhwd&pämefu&wJhtqD?[if;oD;[if;&Gufu&wJhtqDESpfrsKd; vHk;[m atmufygzJGUpnf;yHk&Sdw,f/ O | CH2ʊ O ʊ C ʊ R1 |
O | R2 ʊ C ʊ O ʊ CH O | | CH2ʊ O ʊ C ʊ R3
CH2OH 3RCOOH | zufwD;tufppf&JU "mwkzGJUpnf;ykH HOʊCH | CH2OH glycerol tvSqD&JU "mwkzGJUpnf;ykH
txufazmfjyyg tpGr;f rJt h qD x½dik af tpdik ;f vf *vpfpa&mvf rSm yg0ifwJh zufwD;tufppfawG taMumif;wifjyyghr,f/ oHk;rsKd; &Sdw,f/ (1) Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA)= jynf0h zufw;D tufppf?ESpf xyfpnf;rygbl;/ Oyrm-CH3 (CH2)14 COOHumAGef16ckygwJh Palmitic ygrpfwpftufppf[m tkef;qDrSmygw,f/ aemufxyfygaeus jynh0f zufw;D tufppf- pwD&m&pftufppf CH3(CH2)16 COOH umAGef 18ckygwJh tJ'jD ynf0 h zufw;D tufppf awG[m wd& pämeftqD Muuf? bJ ta&cHaG wG? Edx Yk u G t f pm;tpmawG rSmygw,f/ (2) ESpfxyfpnf;wpfckygwJh rjynfh0qD-Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) qdkMuygpdkY/ CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 H 2 | | - C9 = C10 -CH2- CH2 -CH2-CH2 -CH2 CH2- CH2 -
HDL= High Density Lipoprotein LDL,HDL qdNk y;D cJjG cm;Edi k w f ,f/ LDL [m tonf;uae udv k uf pxa&mudk wpfoQL;awGqDudk o,foGm;w,f/ LDL [m aoG; Essential Fatty acid(EFA) (r&SdrjzpfzufwD;tufppf) ESpfxyfpnf;ESpfckeJY txufyg PUFA rjynfh0 zufwD;tufppf aMumeH&HawGrSm udkvufpxa&m tenfusapvdkY (raumif;wJh
tqD) Bad ChlestedvdaYk c:w,f/ HDL uawmh wpfoQL;awGuae udkvufpxa&mudk tonf;qDo,foGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh aoG; aMumawGrSm tenfrusyg/ aumif;wJhtqD Good Chlested vdkY ac:ygw,f/ tqD\ ZD0"mwk udpövkyfaqmifcsufrsm; (Biochemical Functions of fats )
"mwktrnf= (Triacyl glycerol) x½kdifatpdkif;vf *vpfpa&mvf 'Dj'yfaygif;udk Neutral fat- tpGrf;rJhzufvdkY ac:w,f/ 'Dj'yf aygif;u tufpwmj'yfaygif;tjzpf(tvSq)D *vpfpa&mvf? t,fvf udka[meJY zufwD;tufppf oHk;rsKd;aygif;xm;wm/ &v'fu tpGrf;rJh tufpwm/
COOH
atmufyg t"dutcsufawGaMumifh oifpm;wJhtm[m&rSm usef;rmapwJhtqDawG vdktyfw,f/ (1) tqD[m cE¨mudk,ftwGuf pGrf;tifu,fvdk&Dtrsm;qHk; ay;wJh j'yfaygif;jzpfw,f/tqD 1*&rfacszsu&f if 9u,f vdk&D&w,f/ (uqD"mwfeJYy½kdwdef;"mwf 1 *&rf acszsuf &if4u,fvdk&D&w,f/) (2) tqDpm;&if qDaysmfAdkufwmrifawGADEKudk tltwGif; rS pkyf,lrIudk ulnDw,f/ (3) tqD[m tpm;tpmudk t&om&Sad pNy;D pm;vdNYk red af pw,f/ (gastric emptying time) tpmtdrfrS tpm;rsm;xGufrI udk aES;apNyD; tpmtenf;i,feJY wif;wdrfrIudk&apvdkY cE¨mudk,f]0}vmrIudk umuG,fw,f/ (4) usef;rmwJhqJvfrif;b&drf; eH&Htum wnfaqmufrIeJY xde;f odr;f zdYk (ESpx f yfpnf; ESpcf ?k oH;k ckyg&Sd rjynf0h zufw;D tufppf)PUFA tqDawGvdktyfw,f/PUFA[m qJvf eH&Hudk t&nf*kPfowåd&SdaprIeJY eH&HrmroGm;bJ tm[m& pkyf0ifrIudk vG,fulapw,f/ (5) oifhOD;aESmufrSm Graymalterac: OD;aESmufwpfoQL; wnfaqmufrIeJY xdef;odrf;rIrSm PUFA tqDvdktyf w,f/ (6) usef;rmwJhtqDawG[m oifhta&jym;udk tNrJusef;rm apw,f/ (7) aumif;rGew f hJ rsupf t d Munf"mwf jyKvyk w f meJY xde;f odr;f wm/ (8) usef;rmwJh emhAfaMumtzJGUtpnf;udk xdef;odrf;wm/ (9) aoG;wd;k wm? aoG;cJwm? cE¨mud, k af &mif&rf;wHjYk yefEikd w f m wdkYtwGuf PUFA tqD[m xdef;n§day;w,f TRANSFAT x&yfpfzuf obm0twdkif; rlv[if;&GufqDrSm Cis ppfac: 2xyfpnf; zJGUpnf;yHk&Sdw,f/
rlzm\ "mwkzJGUpnf;yHk H H rSwfcsuf/ / rlzm[m yJqDeJY oHvGifqDrSmygw,f/ | | ESpfxyfpnf;ESpfckygwJh rjynfh0zufwD;tufppf- Polyunsatuʊ C =Cʊ rated fatty acid (PUFA) / Cis &JU "mwkzGJUpnf;ykH PUFA &JU Oyrmudk jy&r,fqdk&if viftdkvpftufppf Lin Cis rSmH tufwrf[m ESpfxyfpnf;&JU wpfzufrSmyJ&Sdw,f/ Oleic Acid [if ;&GufqD? pm;tkef;qDwdkYudk xyfumxyfumaMumf&if jyefaMumf H H qDawGrSm Cis&JUESpfxyfpnf;zJGUpnf;yHk[m x&yfpfzufzJGUpnf;yHk | | CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -C6 = C7 jzpfomG ;Ny;D H tufwrfwpfcpk [ D m ESpx f yfpnf;&JU txufeaYJ tmuf H H (wpf z uf t csuf ) rS m &S d v mw,f / | | C - 8H2
-
C9
=
C10-[CH2]16-COOH
ESpx f yfpnf;oH;k ckygwJh rjynf0h zufw;D tufppf- vif'v kd eD pftufppf CH3 - CH2 H | C9 =
H H H | | | C3 =C4-CH2- C6=
H | C10 -[CH2]5-COOH
H | C7 - CH2
-
a,bk,stm;jzifh wd&pämeftqDrSm jynfh0zufwD;tufppf 90 &mcdik Ef eI ;f avmufyg&Sw d ,f/ [if;oD;[if;&Guq f rD mS rjynf0h zufw;D tufppf (2xyfpnf;) 75? 80&mcdkifEIef;ygw,f/ zufac:tqD[m a&rSm raysmf0ifyg/ 'gaMumifh aoG;qJvf rSmvJ raysmf0ifyg/ aoG;xJrSm aysmf0ifEdkifzdkY tqD[m y½kdwdef; eJYaygif;NyD; vdkifydk y½dkwdef; (Lipoprotein) tjzpfeJYyJ aoG;vSnfh ywfrIrSm wpfae&muae wpfae&mudk a&TUajymif;Edkifw,f/ tJ'v D ikd yf kd y½kw d ed ;f awGukd odyo f nf;qay: rlwnfNy;D VLDL,
ygarmu© a'gufwmcspfarmif(ZD0"mwk)
ʊ
H | C = Cʊ | H
x&rfpfzuf&JU "mwkzGJUpnf;ykH x&rfpzf ufygwJh tpm;tpmawGrmS axmywf(rm*s&if;)?uReaf wmf wdkY pm;aewJh taMumfpHk? tDMumauG;? Muufom;aMumf? tmvl; aMumftxkyfawG? qDaxmywfeJY jyKvkyfxm;wJhtoifhpm; tpm; tpmawGjzpfwJh udwfrkefY? bDpuGwfpwmawG jzpfw,f/ x&yfpfzuf[m LDL udkvufpxa&mqdk; j'yfaygif;yrmP udk jrifhwufapNyD; HDL udkvufpxa&maumif; yrmPudk us apw,f/ 'gaMumifh aoG;wdk;? ESvHk;a&m*gjzpfrItEÅ&m,f wdk;jrifh apw,f/ (owdjyKyg) rSwfcsuf/ / LDL= Low Density Lipoprotein
awG[m cE¨mudk,fu rwnfaqmufEdkifvdkY tpm;tpmrSmyg0ifzdkY vdktyfwJh tufppfawGjzpfw,f/ PUFA awG tkyfpkESpfck&Sdw,f/ Omega '3' eJY Omega '6' wdkYjzpfw,f/ 'DeHygwfawG[m ESpfxyf pnf; pawGU&wJh umAGefeHygwfudk ñTef;w,f/ EFA rjynf0 h zufw;D tufppfawG ajcmufc?k ckepfc&k adS yr,fv h J trSew f u,f vdt k yfwm[m tufppfEpS rf sK;d yJjzpfw,f/ tJ'gudEk FA vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'DEFA ESpfrsKd;uLinoleic acid viftdkvdtpf tufppfeJY Linolenic acidviftdkvdepf tufppfwdkYjzpfw,f/ wjcm; EFAawGudk azmfjycJhNyD;wJh Omega '3' eJY Omega '6' EFAESpfcku wnfaqmufEdkifw,f/Delta 5 desaturase eJY Delta 6- desaturase engyme wdkYu "mwfuljyKw,f/ EFA u Prastagladin y½kdpwm*vef'pfac: wpfoQL;awGeJY cE¨mudk,f&Sd t&nfawGrSm yrmPvGefuJpGm wnf&SdaewJh a[mf rkef;vdk ypönf;awG xkwfvkyfEdkifw,f/ tJ'Dvdk xkwfvkyfEdkifzdkY Cyclo-oxygenase 1, Cyclo-oxygenase 2ESifh Cyclo oxygenase 3 tifZdkif;oHk;rsKd;vdktyfw,f/tifZdkif;oHk;rsKd;twGuf wpfzef vdt k yfwhJ udt k ifZikd ;f awGrmS Zn++ (oGy)f , Mg++ (r*¾epD , D rf) , Fe++ ++ (Iron oH"mwf) Se (pDvDeD,rf) eJY Biotin Adkufwmrif B3, B6, AdkufwmrifC ,Adkufwmrif EwdkY vdktyfw,f/ Prostag ladin awG&JU t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrSm qJvfwpfckeJY wpfcq k ufo, G &f mrSm pum;ajymqufo, G o f vkd vkyaf qmifjyKvyk f ay;wmjzpfw,f/ ADZrsKd;½dk;tzJGUtpnf;eJY ESvHk;tzJGUtpnf;rSmvJ ta&;BuD;wJh vkyfaqmifcsufawG yg0ifulnDw,f/ Omega '6', PUFA viftdkvDtpfygaomqDrsm; 6DIÀRZHU ql;yef;qD - 75&mcdkifEIef; Grape seed pyspfaph - 72&mcdkifEIef; 6XQ ÀRZHU aeMumqD - 65&mcdkifEIef; Corn Oil ajymif;zl;aphqD - 60&mcdkifEIef; opfMum;aphqD - 51&mcdkifEIef; Soy yJykyfaphqD - 50&mcdkifEIef; z½kHaphqD - 50&mcdkifEIef; *sKHzJGEkqD - 50&mcdkifEIef; ESrf;qD - 48&mcdkifEIef; Omega '3' PUFA vifEdkvDepf tufppfygaomqDrsm; Flax Seed - 58&mcdkifEIef; jrif;EdkY - 39&mcdkifEIef; z½kHaphqD - 15&mcdkifEIef; opfMum;oD;qD - 7&mcdkifEIef; Soy (yJykyfaph) - 6&mcdkifEIef; *sKHzJGEkqD - 5&mcdkifEIef 'ghjyif rufua&mvfig;? q,fvrGeif g;? ig;aowåm? ig;½dik ;f tqD awGeJY a&csKdig;½dkif;? ig;Muif;? ig;jrif;? ig;oavmufawGrSm Omega '3' zufwD;tufppfygw,f/ (arG;jrLa&;ig;ryg)opfaphawG? oD[Vdk f o&ufaph? Am'Haph? opfMum;oD;? z½kaH ph? aeMumaphrmS ygw,f/ wpfaeYpm qDvdktyfcsuf uRefawmfwdkYcE¨mudk,fwpfaeYpmvdktyfcsuf pGrf;tifu,fvdk&D &JU &mcdkifEIef;b,favmufudk tqD"mwfu b,favmufyrmP &atmif vkyf&rSmvJ/ WHO u tBuHjyKcsufrSm u,fvdk&Dvdktyfcsuf 30&mcdkifEIef; &atmif vkyfygvdkY ajymw,f/ Oyrm-wpfaeYpm vdktyfcsuf u,f vdk&D 2000qdk&if 600u,fvdk&D jzpfw,f/ 600u,fvdk&D= 4usyf om;avmufjzpfvdkY rsm;w,f/ tar&duefEikd if EH v S ;kH a&m*gtoif;Bu;D u 20&mcdik Ef eI ;f avmufvYkd tBuaH y;xm;w,f/400u,fv&kd D qD2'or5usyo f m;avmufqkd vdw k ,f/ uRrf;usifolynm&SifawGuawmh 10&mcdkifEIef;avmufyJ vdktyfw,fvdkY ajymMuw,f/200u,fvdk&D= 1'or25usyfom; avmufjzpfw,f/ tBuHay;vdkwmu wd& pämef tqDa&SmifNyD; [if;oD;[if;&Guf qDpm;yg/ yJqD? ESrf;qD? aeMumqD? yJykyfaphqDwdkYudk pm;yg/
14-10-2015
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14-10-2015
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14-10-2015
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14-10-2015(Ak'¨[l;aeY )
MWD eHeufydkif; 06;03 w&m;awmf 06;21 "r®ylZmaw; 06;25 ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm; tm;upm; 06;35 rSwfwrf; 07;25 oihftwGufwpfaeYwm 08;00 jr0wD½kyfjrifoHMum; owif; 08;15 arG;jrLokw 08;50 olESihf ol\oDcsif;rsm; naeydkif; 04;45 &ifckefpD;qif; tcspfoDcsif; 05;10 om,moDa<u; acwfqef;aw; 05;25 yef;uav;rsm; yGifhawmhrnf 05;35 ]]twdwf&JUcspfjcif;}} (tydkif;-81)
nydkif; 06;06 Amazing Cities 06;15 Meet With The Celebrities
07;00 ]]a*smif;'dk*Ref;}} (tydkif;-37) 08;00 owif;tNyD; - trsKd;om;a&; aw;uAsm - rdk;av0oowif; - &,fp&maysmfp&m [mourÇm - ,aeYntwGuf jr0wD\ aw;vufaqmif - ]]jynfolUw&m;&Sif aygifcsdef}}'kwd,wGJ (tydkif;-34) - w&m;awmf - oifhtwGufreufjzef
MRTV-4 eHeufydkif; 05;40 w&m;awmf 06;40 ]]vQKdU0Suf'@m&D}} (tydkif;-82) 07;30 MRTV-4 owif; 07;50 &efukefjrifuGif;us,f 08;00 Cartoon Series 08;30 aysmf&Tifavhvm t*Fvdyfpm 09;00 ]]rsOf;NydKifMum;u arwåmrsm;}} (tydkif;-3) 10;00 acwfopfysKdar 11;00 [if;csuf&atmif aeYv,fydkif; 02;20 ]]tdrfeD;csif;}} (tydkif;-59)
naeydkif; 03;00 ]]vQKdU0Suf'@m&D}} (tydkif;-82) nydkif; 06;00 MRTV-4 owif; 06;10 Health Fix 06;15 ]]vQKdU0Suf'@m&D}} (tydkif;-83) 08;10 &opHkñTef;wrf;rsm; 08;30 ]]rsOf;NydKifMum;u arwåmrsm;}} (tydkif;-4) 09;15 ]]aoG;eJYa&;wJh ordkif;rSwfwrf;}} (tydkif;-72) 09;45 tEkynmrk;d aumif;uif 10;00 Let's Talk
CHANNEL-7 eHeufydkif; 06;00 w&m;awmf 07;00 Good Morning Myanmar
08;00 The Return Of Superman
09;00 tdyfrufqkH&m (&moufyef) 09;45 Happy Birthday toYou
10;00 Channel-7 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJ 11;00 ]]ol&Jaumif;wdkY cspfyHkjyif}} (tydkif;-17) 11;45 Munhf½IcHpm; Zmwfvrf;rsm; aeYv,fydkif; 01;45 Happy Birthday to You
02;00 ]]opömtdrfuav;}} (tydkif;-15) naeydkif; 03;00 w&m;awmf 04;00 Sports Article 04;45 oHpOfrsm;eJYwpfcP 05;15 ]]ol&Jaumif;wdkY cspfyHkjyif}} (tydkif;-18) nydkif; 06;00 ]]rif;wpfa,mufwnf;om}} (tydkif;-104) 06;45 Teen Scoop 08;00 Channel-7 ½kyfoHZmwfvrf;wGJ 08;50 Happy Birthday to You
09;00 tdyfrufqkH&m (&moufyef)
pmrsufESm 10
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tonf;azmifa';&Sif;u tonf;a&miftom;0gbD ydk; umuG,faq;rsm; wwd,tBudrfxdk;ESHay;
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pmrsufESm 12
14-10-2015
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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14-10-2015
pmrsufESm 13
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pmrsufESm 14
14-10-2015
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14-10-2015
pmrsufESm 15
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pmrsufESm 16
14 - 10 - 2015
pmrsufESm 17
'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf( Munf;) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;pdk;0if; jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUe,f ppfrIxrf;a[mif;rsm;ESiUawG f UqkH? wyfrawmfaq;½kHwGif wufa&mufukovsuf&Sdaom vlemrsm;tm; axmufyHhypönf;rsm;ay;tyf udpö&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufí NrdKUe,f ppfrIxrf;a[mif;Ouú| OD;oef;0if; u &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ qufvufNy;D 'kw, d wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pd;k 0if;u ppfrx I rf;a[mif;rsm;tae jzifh &&Sx d m;aomtpOftvmaumif; rsm;udk qufvufxed ;f odr;f a&;udpö rsm;? ppfrx I rf;rsm;ESihf rdom;pk0ifrsm; \ use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufru I pd rö sm;? roefprG ;f ppfrx I rf;a[mif;rsm;twGuf vdt k yfaomtcuftcJrsm;udk yHyh ;kd ay;rnfu h pd rö sm;tm; tao;pdwf
'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(Munf;) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;pdk;0if; jrpfBuD;em;NrdKY e,f ppfrIxrf; a[mif;tzJGY0ifrsm;tm; awGYqkHtrSmpum;ajymMum;pOf/ aejynfawmf atmufwdkbm 13 'kw, d wyfrawmfumuG,af &; OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pdk;0if;onf ppfO;D pD;t&m&Scd sKy(f av) Adv k rf LS ;csKyf
armifarmifausm?f ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppf XmecsKyf wdik ;f rSL; Adv k cf sKy0f if;Adv k &f edS ?f umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy½f ;Hk (Munf;)rS wyfrawmft&m&SBd u;D rsm; vdu k yf g vsuf ,aeYeeH uf 8 em&D 20 rdepf
wGif jrpfBu;D em;NrKd U? NrKd Ue,fppfrx I rf; a[mif;tzJGU½kH;okdY a&muf&SdMu&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u BudKqdkMuonf/ xdkYaemuf jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUe,f ppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzJGU\ vkyfief;
'kwd,wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf (Munf;) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD; pdk;0if; jrpfBuD;em;NrdKY e,f ppfrIxrf;a[mif; tzGJY0ifrsm;twGuf pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; ay;tyf&m NrdKY e,fppfrIxrf;a[mif; Ouú|u vufcH&,lpOf/
ajymMum;cJo h nf/ awGUqkHyJGtNyD;wGif 'kwd, wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf um uG,af &;OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pk;d 0if;u ppfrx I rf; a[mif;rsm;\ vdt k yfcsurf sm;tm; ar;jref;í aygif;pyfnEd§ idI ;f aqmif&u G f ay;Ny;D NrKd Ue,fppfrx I rf;a[mif;&efyHk aiGtwGuf tvSLaiG usyf 10 ode;f ? a&TzOD ;D toifah zsmv f ufzuf&nfEiS hf pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm;udk ay;tyf &m NrKd Ue,fppfrx I rf;a[mif;Ouú|rS vufc&H ,lonf/ ¤if;aemuf 'kwd,wyfrawmf
owif;xkwfjyefa&;tzJGY u owif;xkwfjyef
jrpfBu;D em;NrKd U&Sd wyfrawmfaq;½ko H Ydk a&muf&&dS m aq;½kw H yfrLS ;ESiw hf m0ef&dS olrsm;u BuKd qMkd uonf/ ,if;aemuf 'kw, d wyfrawmf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &; OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;)ESit hf zJUG 0ifrsm;onf aq;½kw H ufa&mufuo k vsu&f adS om t&m&S?d ppfonfrsm;\ wpfO;D csi;f a&m*gtajctaersm;ESihf tcuftcJ rsm;udk ar;jref;? ajz&Si;f ? tm;ay; 'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(Munf;) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;pdk;0if; rcsrf;abm&Sd e,fajrcHwyf&if; pum;ajymMum;cJNh y;D axmufyahH iGEiS hf pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm; ay;tyfcJ h bk&ifUaemifcef;rü awGYqkHyJGwufa&mufvmaom t&m&Sd? ppfonf? rdom;pkrsm;tm; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;vdkufvHEIwfqufpOf/ onf/ yJq G ikd &f m odoif?h aqmif&u G o f ifh uG,af &;OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d ylwmtdkwyfe,frS tvm;wl 'kw, d wyfrawmfum h csurf sm;udk tao;pdwrf mS Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pd;k 0if;u wyf&if;^wyf qufvufNy;D 'kw, d wyfrawmf onft zJUG rsm;&Sd t&m&S?d ppfonf? rdom;pk umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &; Mum;onf/ awGUqkyH t GJ crf;tem;okYd 'kw, d rsm;twGuf oufomaxmufyyhH pön;f OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pdk;0if;onf rcsrf;abm&Sd e,fajrcH wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf um rsm;? tm;upm;ypön;f rsm;ESihf rdcifEiS hf d uav;&efyaHk iGtwGuf axmufyahH iG wyf&if; bk&ifah emifcef;rüvnf; uG,af &;OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pd;k 0if;\ZeD; a':oef; rsm; ay;tyfco hJ nf/ aumif;? rlvm&SD;'D&Sd e,fajrcH Adv ¤if;aemuf 'kwd,wyfrawmf wyf&if;cef;rüvnf;aumif;? ylwmtdk oef;EG,?f ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf k cf sKy0f if;Adv k &f edS ?f umuG,f umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &; wyfe,f AE¨Kvcef;rüvnf;aumif; wdik ;f rSL; Adv d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D t&m&S?d ppfonf? rdom;pkrsm;tm; a&;OD;pD;csKy½f ;Hk (Munf;)rS wyfrawmf OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, hf zJUG 0ifrsm;onf t&m&S?d toD;oD;awGUqkí H wyfwnfaqmuf t&m&SBd u;D rsm;? wyf&if;^wyfzUGJ rsm;rS pd;k 0if;ESit a&;vkyif ef; 4 &yfqikd &f m aqmif&u G f t&m&S?d ppfonf? rdom;pkrsm; wuf ppfonf? rdom;pkrsm;tm; &if;&if;ES;D &rnft h csurf sm;? aqmif&ef? a&Smif a&mufMuonf/ ES;D vdu k v f EH w I q f ufcahJ Mumif; owif; &eftcsurf sm;? wyfwiG ;f wyfjyif pnf; awGUqkyH t GJ Ny;D wGif 'kw, d &&So d nf/ ½k;H a&;qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;? a&G;aumuf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf um á á á
'kwd,wyfrawmf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf (Munf;) umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &; uG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D pd;k 0if; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD; OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;)ESit hf zJUG 0ifrsm;onf (Munf;) 'kw, 'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf awGUqkyH o hf zJUG 0if GJ w Ydk ufa&mufvmMuaom \ZeD; a':oef;oef;EG,Ef iS t pdk;0if; umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(Munf;) H ufa&mufuo k ppfrx I rf;a[mif; tzJUG 0ifrsm;tm; rsm;onf aq;½kw rlvm&SD;'D&Sd rdom;pk0ifrsm;\ e,fajrcHwyf&if;cef;rü &if;&if;ES;D ES;D vdu k v f EH w I q f ufco hJ nf/ vsu&f adS om 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;pdk;0if; xdaYk emuf 'kw, d wyfrawmf use;f rma&;tajctaersm; ar;jref; jrpfBuD;em;NrdKY &Sd wyfrawmfaq;½kHwGif wyf&if;^wyfzJGYrsm;rS umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf umuG,af &; í tm;ay;pum;ajymMum;cJhNyD; aq;ukorIcH,laeaom t&m&Sd? ppfonf? G &f m OD;pD;csKy(f Munf;) 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;Bu;D axmufyahH iGEiS hf pm;aomufz, t&m&Sd? ppfonfrsm;udk axmufyHUaiGESifU pd;k 0if;ESit rdom;pkrsm;twGuf hf zJUG 0ifrsm;onf armfawmf rsm; ay;tyfcahJ Mumif; owif;&&Sd pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; ay;tyfpOf/ ,mOfrsm;jzifh qufvufxu G cf mG Ny;D onf/ oufomaxmufyUH ypönf;rsm; awG a&&Snw f nfwEhH ikd rf ,feh nf;vrf;awGukd &SmazGwnfaqmufNy;D Edik if H wpfEdkifiHeJYwpfEdkifiH rwluGJjym;wmudk awG Y&ygw,f/ pifumylEdkifiHrS ay;tyfpOf/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH[m pD;yGm;a&;t& rnfrQyifatmifjrifaeapumrl wGi;f u SME awGukd vkyif ef;cGit f opfawG zefw;D ay;Edik rf ,ft h cGit hf a&; AD,uferfEikd if u H kd wpfBurd x f ufru OyrmjyKaqG;aEG;cJMh uwJh Edik if w H um todik ;f t0dik ;f [m tckq&kd if pifumylbufukd vSnahf jymif;a0zefo;kH oyf aewmudk awGU&ygw,f/ urÇmhtiftm;BuD;EdkifiHr[kwfovdk urÇmhajryHkay:rSmvJ tpuf tajymufomomyJ&SdwJh pifumyluRef;EdkifiHav;[m tjynfjynfqdkif&m a&vrf;ukeo f , G af &;rSm tcsut f csmuswhJ qdyu f rf;Edik if jH zpfaeavawmh xkwu f ek ?f xGuu f ek w f pfpw kH pf&mr&Sb d u J kd Edik if jH cm;0ifaiGaomufaomuf vJ0ifaewJh atmifjrifxGef;um;aewJh EdkifiHi,fav;jzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh pifumylvJ AECtwGuf toifjh yifqifae&Ny;D Edik if w H iG ;f u SME awG udk Edik if w H umt&nftaoG;&Sv d matmifjri§ w hf ifzYkd ta&;wBu;D vdt k yfae w,fvYkd ukeo f , G af &;eJpY ufrv I yk if ef;0efBu;D u ,refaeYuyJ xyfavmif; ajymMum;cJhygw,f/ SME qdw k m Small and Medium-sized Enterprises yg/ tao; pm;ESifh tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;vdkY t"dyÜm,f&ygw,f/ ukrÜPD? ½Hk;tp&Sd wJhvkyfief;awGrSm &Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJh0efxrf;tiftm;xuf enf;yg;ae&if SME vdo Yk wfrw S yf gw,f/ Oyrm tm&Swu dk &f UJ pHcsed pf ñ H eT ;f t& 0efxrf; tiftm; 250 atmuf&&dS if tvwfpm;vkyif ef;vdo Yk wfrw S Nf y;D 0efxrf; tiftm; 50 atmuf&&dS if tao;pm;vkyif ef;vdo Yk wfrw S yf gw,f/ 0efxrf; tiftm; 10 OD;atmufq&kd ifawmh rdu k cf ½dt k qifv h yk if ef;vdYk owfrw S yf g w,f/ 'gayrJh wpfEikd if eH YJ wpfEikd if H taetxm;rwlwt hJ wGuf tvwfpm;? tao;pm;eJY rdu k cf ½dt k qifv h yk if ef;awGrmS vlO;D a&owfrw S yf ckH si;f uvJ
SME awG&SdaeOD;rSmyJjzpfNyD; SME awG&JU pkpkaygif;vltiftm;[m ydkNyD; omaeqJjzpfO;D r,fqw kd mudk owdxm;rdwphJ ifumyl[m Edik if aH wmftqifh pD;yGm;ul;oef;vkyif ef;awGut kd qifjh ri§ w hf ifaeovdk SME awGuv kd J Edik if H wumtqifh t&nftaoG;&SdwJh? 0efaqmifrIay;EdkifwJhtxd t&nf taoG;jr§ifhwifay;EdkifrSom AEC vkyfief;awG pwifvnfywfwJhtcg toifh&Sdaer,fvdkY ,HkMunfaqmif&Gufaewmjzpfygw,f/ pifumylEdkifiH zGH hNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf jynfwGif; SMEtiftm;pk u tjynfjynfqikd &f mukeo f , G af &;tiftm;pkawGet YJ NyKd if vkyif ef;aqmif &GufEdkifrS uRefawmfwdkY&JU pD;yGm;a&;r[mAsL[mBuD; atmifjrifrSmjzpfyg w,f/ tkypf Ek pS pf t k wGi;f jzpfap? tkypf rk sK;d pHek jYJ zpfap? vGwv f yfpmG ukeo f , G f a&;rSmyJjzpfap pifumyl&JUpGrf;&nfudk SMEuaeyJ ysKd;,l&rSmjzpfw,f vdkY pifumylEdkifiH ukefoG,fa&;eJY pufrIvkyfief;0efBuD; Mr. Iswaran u ,refaeYuyJ usi;f ycJw h hJ Singapore Business Federation eJY Sinagpore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry tpnf;ta0; rSm xnfo h iG ;f ajymMum;cJw h mjzpfNy;D pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f mpdeaf c:rIawGukd pD;yGm; a&;todkif;t0dkif;u b,favmuftxd &ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;&SdNyDvJqdkwmudk &SmazGazmfxkwfzdkY aqG;aEG;cJhMuwmjzpfygw,f/ AEC eJY TPP wdt Yk Mum; oabmwlnrD pI mcsKyaf wG csKyq f ckd &hJ mrSmvJ Edik if w H umrl0g'udk usio hf ;kH jcif;tm;jzifh oufqikd &f mEdik if t H oD;oD;wdu Yk &&SdEdkifr,fh tusKd;aus;Zl;awGudkar;cGef;xkwfcJhMuNyD; tJ'DtusKd;aus;Zl;
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14-10-2015
pmrsufESm 19
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aqmif&u G af y;jcif;ESipfh m;aomuf aexkid af &;udprö sm; tqifajyap &efppD Ofaqmif&u G af y;vsu&f o d S nf/ xkt Yd jyifae&yfojYdk yefvadk om a&TUajymif;tvkyo f rm; 1572OD; ukdvnf; wyfrawmfarmfawmf ,mOfrsm;tygt0if armfawmf ,mOfppk ak ygif; 31pD;jzihf armfcs;D rS vdGKifaumfNrdKUokdY ykdYaqmifay; um jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUESihf yl; aygif;NyD; vdGKifaumfNrdKUomoemh AdrmefwiG f u,fq,fa&;pcef;zGifh vSpí f aexdik pf m;aomufa&;ESifh vdKG iaf umfNrKd UrSwpfqihf ¤if;wk\ Yd
ae&yfokdY jyefvnfykdYaqmifEkdif a&; pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sd onf/ qufvufívnf; armfcsD; a'owGif e,fajrcHwyfrawmf om;rsm;u NyKd uscahJ om aetdr?f taqmufttkHrsm;ukd &Sif;vif; jcif;? ajrNydKusNyD; vrf;ydwfqkdYrI rsm;ukd &Sif;vif;jcif;?ysufpD;oGm; aom wHwm;rsm;ukd tjrefqkH; jyefvnfomG ;vmEkid af &; jyifqif aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; aqmif&Guf ay;vsuf&SdNyD; e,fajrcHwyf&if;^ wyfzUJG rsm;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;u pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;? aomuf okH;a&ESihfrkd;umwJrsm; ay;tyf vSL'gef;Muum pm;aomufaexkid f a&;twGuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufay; vsu&f adS Mumif; owif;&&So d nf/
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(av)'dkif; aoewfypfNydKifyGJusif;y aejynfawmf atmufwb dk m 13 2015ckESpf? umuG,fa&;OD;pD; csKyf(av)'kdif; aoewfypfNydKifyGJ zGihfyGJudk atmufwkdbm 12&uf eHeufykdif;wGif rdw¬DvmNrdKU? av aMumif;twwfoifavwyfpcef; tm;upm;cef;rü usif;yjyKvkyf &m wyfrawmf(av)rS t&m&SBd u;D rsm;?t&m&S?d ppfonfrsm;?NyKd iyf 0JG if toif;rsm;ESihf zdwfMum;xm;ol rsm; wufa&mufMuNy;D umuG,f a&;OD;pD;csKyf(av)ukd,fpm; av
aMumif;twwfoifavwyfpcef;? avwyfpcef;rSL; AkdvfrSL;csKyf xGe;f atmifu tzGit fh rSmpum; ajymMum;um NyKd iyf u JG zdk iG v fh pS af y; Ny;D wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;ESihf twl tzGiyfh pJG Of,OS Nf yKd iaf erIrsm; ukMd unh½f t I m;ay;onf/(tay:yk)H tqkdyg aoewfypfNydKifyGJukd NydKifyGJ0iftoif; ukd;oif;jzihf atmufwkdbm 16&ufxdusif;y jyKvyk o f mG ;rnfjzpfaMumif; owif; &&Sdonf/
c&D;oGm;umvrS
ausmif;wkdYokdY 0ifa&mufzl;ajrmf Ny;D yk*o H o Ydk mG ;a&mufí jymom'f Bu;D bk&m;ay:rS ae0ifqnf;qm Munf½h jI cif;? a&S;a[mif;apwDyx k ;kd taqmufttHkrsm;udk avhvm jcif;? ,Gef;xnfvkyfief;avhvm jcif;ESifh NrdKUwGif;oGm;vmvnf ywfjcif;wdkYudk ,mOfwef;rsm;jzifh vnfywfcJhaMumif; od&onf/ yk*HrSwpfqifh &Srf;jynfe,f (awmifyidk ;f )awmifBu;D ?tif;av; a'owdo Yk Ykd qufvufomG ;a&muf í tif;av;ueftwGif; vnf ywfum azmifawmfO;D bk&m;tm; zl;ajrmfcJhMuNyD; tif;av;uef twGi;f &S&d ufuef;vkyif ef;rsm;?aiG xnfvyk if ef;rsm;udv k nf;avhvm cJhaMumif; od&onf/ tif;av;rSwpfqifh jyifO;D vGif NrdKUodkY jyefvnfxGufcGmNyD; jyifO;D vGi-f vm;½I;d - rlq,fvrf; twkid ;f a&TvDNrdKUokdY qufvuf xGufcGmoGm;aMumif; od&onf/ urÇmvSnchf &D;oGm;rsm;onf yGiv hf if;&moDou Ydk ;l ajymif;a&muf &SdvmNyDjzpfojzifh jrefrmEdkifiH\ ,Ofaus;rI tEkynmrsm;? ½dk;&m "avhx;kH pHrsm;?obm0tvS½cI if; rsm;ESifh vufrIynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmod&v dS í kd tzGUJ vdu k jf zpfap? wpfOD;csif;jzpfap pOfquf rjywf0ifa&mufvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ (180)
xko d v Ykd ma&mufvnfywfvsuf &S&d m rEÅav;NrKd U&St d xifu&ae&m rsm;ESihf tjcm;aomxif&mS ;onfh ae&mrsm;odkY w½kwfEdkifiHom; rsm;onf armfawmf,mOfrsm;pkpnf; NyD; ,mOfwef;rsm;jzifh atmufwkd bm 8&ufu vma&mufvnfywf MuaMumif; od&onf/ [dkw,fESifh c&D;oGm;vma&; vkyfief;0efBuD;Xme\ BuD;Muyf rIESifh Moe Sin Kyoul c&D;oGm; vkyif ef;ukrP Ü \ D pDpOfaqmif&u G f rIwjYkd zifh w½kwEf ikd if o H m; 34OD; yg0ifaomtzGJUonf armfawmf ,mOf 11pD;jzifh rlq,fNrdKUrS wpf qifh jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;okdY 0if a&mufvnfywfcahJ Mumif; tqkyd g 0efBu;D XmerSowif;xkwjf yefcsuf rsm;t& od&onf/ tqkdygw½kwfEkdifiHrS vm a&mufvnfywfMuaom tzGJU onf rlq,fNrKd UrSjyifO;D vGiNf rKd UodYk a&muf&SdNyD; trsKd;om;uefawmf BuD; O,smOfwGif0ifa&mufvnf ywfMuonf/ xdaYk emuf rEÅav; NrdKUodkY qufvufxGufcGmNyD; rEÅav;\ txifu&ae&mrsm; jzpfaom rEÅav;awmif? awmif orefww H m;ESiehf ef;NrKd UwGi;f ae&m wdu Yk akd vhvmcJah Mumif; od&onf/ tqkdygtzGJUonf rEÅav; r[mrkedbk&m;ESifh r[m*E¨m½kH
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ae&yfojYdk yefvadk om a&TUajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk wyfrawmf armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzihf armfcsD;rS vdKG ifaumfNrdKUokYd ykaYd qmifay;pOf/
2014ckEpS f Mo*kwf 25&ufu ¤if;\um;ay:ü0dik yf v k if;rsm;awGU &Sjd cif;aMumifh zrf;qD;cHc&hJ Ny;D axmif'Pf wpfEpS u f sccH &hJ aomfvnf; ,cktcgaemufxyfBurd 'f Pf tcsuf 350uscaH pcJjh cif; jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ ]]uRefrtazu tpövmrfEkdifiHwpfEkdifiH&JU t&ufraomuf& pnf;urf;udk csK;d azmufcyhJ gw,f/tJ't D wGuv f J xdu k o f ifw h jhJ ypf'Pf jzpfwJh axmif'Pf wpfESpfudkuscHcJh&NyD;ygNyD/ tck axmifoufwpf ESpfjynfhrS Budrf'Pf tcsuf 350qdkwmudk touf 74ESpft&G,f e,fajrcHwyfrawmfom;rsm;u ajrNydKusNyD; vrf;ydwq f rYdk rI sm; tzd;k tkw d pfO;D u cHEikd &f nfr&Srd mS udk pd;k &dryf gw,f}}[k um;vf\orD; ukd &Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;ay;pOf/ jzpfol c&pöwif;uajymjyonf/ TMK
pmrsufESm 20
14-10-2015
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jyefvnfziG v hf pS cf JhaMumif; od& onf/ xkdYjyif qnf&Gm- rJZmMum; rdkif (577^17-18)? (580^16) ESifh (580^23) vrf;ydkif;ukd atmufwkdbm 11&uf eHeuf 8em&D31rdepfu jyefvnfziG v fh pS f ay;cJhNyD; rJZm-bHkacsmif;Mum; rkdif (570^14-16)ESihf (574^ 11)rS (573^13) vrf;ydkif;udk atmufwkdbm 11&uf rGe;f vJG 1em&D41rdepfu jyefvnfzGihfvSpf ay;EkdifcJhaMumif; od&onf/
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chJonf/ ]]ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a'oBu;D twGi;f a&Tbdkc½dkif[m pyg;pdkufysKd;wm trsm;qk;H jzpfNy;D a&ajrtajctae ay;wJhtavsmuf pdkufysKd;NyD;whJ pyg;pdkufcif;awG txGufEIef; wd;k a&;udk tav;xm;aqmif&u G f Mu&r,fhtcsdefyg/ txGufEIef; wd;k wufa&;twGuf pdu k cf if;jyKpk apmifha&Smufwmudk pepfwus aqmif&u G &f rSmjzpfovdk txGuf EIef;xdcdkufapEdkifwhJ zsufydk; tEÅ&m,fu bufpu Hk muG,af &; enf;vrf;awGukd usio hf ;Hk &rSmjzpf ygw,f/ tckvkyfwhJ Ouyfyg;
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tkwfudk BudKwifxkwfvkyf pkaqmif;vsuf&Sdonf/ vm;½dI;NrdKUwGif jzKef;tkwf xkwfvkyfa&mif;cs&mü vuf½u kd f jzKef;tkwfwpfvkH;vQif aiGusyf 100? 110? puf½dkuftkwfwpf vHk;vQif aiGusyf 120? 130jzifh txdkifa&mif;csvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ vm;½dI;NrdKUudk tnm a'oawmiforl o d m;pk0ifrsm;u vlcGJírdom;pktydk0ifaiG&&Sda&; rd;k wGi;f umvrd;k cdv k yk u f ikd o f rl sm; rS vuf½dkuftkwfpufwpfvHk; ESpfOD;½dkufygu tvHk;a& 400? 500xd&&SdMuNyD; tkwfwpfvkH; ½dkufcaiGusyf 20jzifh vkyfom; wpfO;D \ wpfaeY0ifaiG aiGusyf 4000rS 5000&&Sad Mumif;? puf ½du k t f w k v f yk u f ikd o f rl sm;taejzifh pufwpfvHk;udk vkyfom;av;OD; toHk;jyK½dkufygu tkwftvHk;a& 1500? tvH;k 2000xd &&So d jzifh puf½dkufvkyfom;wpfOD; wpfaeY 0ifaiG aiGusyf 7500rS 10000 xd&&SdaMumif;? &Srf;jynfe,f (ajrmufyikd ;f )a'orsm;wGif tkwf eDxkwfvkyfrIenf;yg;vmNyD; jzKef; tkwfvkyfief;rsm; xkwfvkyf a&mif;cs&mwGif 0,f,ltoHk;jyK ol rsm;jym;aomaMumifh tkwf uGif;axmif vkyfudkifolrsm; tusK;d tjrwf&&SMd uaMumif; od& onf/ (404) xdkYtwl yckuúL-ausmvrf; ydkif;? ausmom-acsmif;aygif; Mum; rkdif(565^811)vrf;ydkif; udk rGef;vJG 1em&D16rdepfu jyefvnfzGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ xkdY jyif &efukef-armfvNrdKifvrf;ydkif; wGifvnf; usKdufxdk? blwmwGif atmufwkdbm 10&uf? nae 3em&Du a&SUpBuøESifhblwmMum; tvsm;ay150? tjrifhoHk;ay? xkxnf1'or5vufrcefY &Sd a& ajrmif;eH&HNydKusrIjzpfyGm;cJhaomf vnf; c&D;onfESifh0efxrf;rsm; xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&&Srd rI &Sb d J tqkyd g ae&mukdvnf; tjrefqkH; jyefvnfjyifqif&ef pDpOfaqmif &GufaeMumif; od&onf/(336) awG&&Sad prSmyg/ Ouyfyg;eus,f arG;jrLNyD;awmifolawG&JU v,f uGif;twGif; vTwfEdkifzdkYtwGuf "mwfcJGcef;wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf xm;NyDjzpfwhJtwGuf aemifrSm us,fus,fjyefYjyefY tokH;jyK aqmif&GufoGm;EdkifawmhrSmjzpf ygw,f}}[k pdkufysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme oD;ESu H muG,af &;Xme cJ(G ½H;k csKy)f 'kw, d ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; a'gufwm usifusif0if;u ajymjyonf/ awmifoOl ;D cspo f ed ;f \ a&Tbkd ay:qef;pyg;pdkufcif; 10{u twGif; uyfyg;eus,f 1000 yg0ifaomOuyfaygif; 400udk ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh a&Tbdk c½dkif a&TbdkNrdKUe,f pdkufysKd;a&; OD;pD;Xme 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh wufa&mufvmMuaom awmifol rsm;u pepfwusvTwfchJMu aMumif; od&onf/ (334)
jyifOD;vGifNrdKY cs,f&Dajrbkd;bGm;&dyfom (14)ESpfjynfU tcrf;tem;usif;y jyifOD;vGif atmufwdkbm 13 2001ckEpS f atmufwb dk m 1 &uf tjynfjynfqidk &f moufBu;D &G,ftdkrsm;aeYwGif atmifjrifpGm zGihfvSpfEkdifcJhonfh jyifOD;vGifNrdKU cs,&f aD jrbk;d bGm;&dyo f m\ (14) ESpjf ynft h crf;tem;udk atmuf wdkbm 11&ufu usif;yjyKvkyf cJhaMumif;od&onf/ tcrf;tem;wGif oHCm awmfwt Ykd m; qGr;f ?cJz, G ?f abmZOf wdkYtm; qufuyfvSL'gef;jcif;? tbdk;? tbGm;rsm;tm; ypönf; rsm;vSL'gef;jcif;ESihf uHprf;rJ azmufay;jcif;? {nhyf &dowfrsm; tm; {nfhcHauR;arG;jcif;wdkYjzifh tpDtpOfrsm;udk wpfqufwnf; usi;f yjyKvyk cf ahJ Mumif; od&onf/ jyifOD;vGifNrdKU cs,f&Dajr bkd;
bGm;&dyfomudk tbkd;aqmif? tbGm;aqmif? pm;aomufaqmif? tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;½Hk;aqmif? {nhf cef;raqmif ponfwdkYjzifh pepf wus zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufxm; &SNd y;D bk;d bGm;&dyo f mpwifziG v fh pS f onhfaeYrSpí ,aeYtcsdefxd tbdk;? tbGm;rsm;tm; aeYpOf tm[m&'ge? aq;0g;'ge? use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufr'I gewdYk udk a'gufwmausmaf pmESifh ZeD; a':arrsKd;jrwfwdkYu wm0ef,l vSL'gef;xm;&SdNyD; cs,f&Dajr bdk;bGm;&dyfomOuú| OD;0if;jrifh ESihfZeD;rdom;pkwdkYu bkd;bGm; &dyfomodkY aeYpOfoGm;a&mufNyD; bdk;bGm;wdkYtm; zcif? rdcif&if; yrm jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;ae vsu&f adS Mumif; od&onf/ (165)
rlvwef;vGef ausmif;aqmifopfzGifUyJGusif;y jzL; atmufwdkbm 13 yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; awmifil c½dkif jzL;NrdKUe,f om"kuef aus;&Gmtkypf ?k wDvm;taemuf &GmwGif rlvwef;vGefausmif; aqmifopfziG yhf u JG kd atmufwb kd m 11&uf eHeuf 9em&Du usif;y jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ausmif;aqmifopfzGifhyGJ tcrf;tem;wGif NrdKUe,ftaxG axGtyk cf sKyaf &;OD;pD;Xme 'kw, d OD;pD;rSL; OD;rsKd;jrifhatmif?jzL;NrdKU e,f ynma&;Xmea'orSL;q&m Bu;D OD;ñGeOYf ;D ESihf om"kuefaus;&Gm tkypf t k yk cf sKyaf &;rSL; OD;&rf;atm
0ga'h&SfwdkYu *kPfjyK0rf;ajrmuf pum;ajymMum;cJhNyD; 'kwd,OD;pD; rSL;ESihf ynma&;XmerSa'orSL;wdYk u ausmif;aqmifopfudk zJBudK; jzwfzGifhvSpfay;onf/ tqdkyg ausmif;aqmifopf rSm 2015-2016 ynmoifESpf twGuf ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS csrw S af y;aom Edik if aH wmfb@m aiGaMu;jzifh pmoifcef; oHk;cef; yg teHay 30? tvsm;ay 90? oHwdkifuGefu&pf oGyfrdk;? tkwf um? wpfxyftaqmufttHk jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ (410)
rJ½HkrSL;? 'kwd,rJ½HkrSL;ESifU rJ½HktzJGU0ifrsm; ynmay;oifwef; a&wm&S nfNrdKUü zGifUvSpf a&wm&Snf atmufwdkbm 13 ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG atmifjrifpmG usi;f y Edik af &;twGuf rJ½rkH LS ;? 'kw, d rJ½kH rSL;? rJ½t kH zGUJ 0ifrsm;ESihf &yfuu G ?f aus;&Gmaumfr&SiftzGJUcGJtzJGU0if rsm;tm; ynmay;oifwef;zGifhyGJ udk ,aeYeeH uf9em&Du yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBuD; a&wm&SnfNrdKUESifh qGm NrdKUwdkYwGif wpfNydKifwnf;usif;y onf/ a&wm&SnfNrdKU tajccHynm txufwef;ausmif; atmifqef; cef;rwGif NrdKUe,f a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sit f zGUJ cGOJ uú| OD;at;vGif ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom NrdKUe,f Oya't&m&Sd OD;jrifhpdk;wdkYu rJ½HkrSL;? 'kwd,rJ½HkrSL;? rJ½HktzGJU0if rsm;ESifh &yfuGuf? aus;&Gm aumfr&Sit f zJUG cJG tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;? oifwef; udp&ö yfrsm;ESit hf axGaxGupd &ö yf rsm; aqG;aEG;ydkYcsjcif;udkvnf; aumif;? a&wm&SnfNrdKUe,f qGm NrdKU tajccHynmtxufwef;
ausmif; tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif NrdKUe,f a&G;aumufyJGaumfr&Sif tzGJUcGJtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;zkef;jrifh EdkifESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom NrdKUe,f vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh trsK;d om;rSwyf w kH ifa&;OD;pD;Xme rS OD;pD;rSL; OD;at;rif;xGe;f wdu Yk vnf;aumif; oifwef;rsm;ydkYcs vsuf&Sdonf/ tqdkygoifwef;odkY rJ½HkrSL;? 'kw, d rJ½rkH LS ;ESihf rJ½t kH zGUJ 0ifwm0ef xrf;aqmifMurnfh a&wm&Snf NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f rS &yfuu G ?f aus;&Gm Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0if 118OD;? ynm a&;XmerSOD;a& 330wdkY wuf a&mufomG ;rnfjzpfNy;D oifwef; udk eHeuf 9em&DrS nae 4em&D xd ESpf&ufMumydkYcsoGm;rnfjzpf onf/ tvm;wlyif om*&NrdKU? NrdKUvSNrdKU? a&eDNrdKU? txufodkif; e,f? atmufodkif;e,fwdkYwGif vnf; oifwef;rsm; qufvuf zGifhvSpfoifMum;ydkYcsoGm;rnfjzpf aMumif; od&onf/ (410)
14-10-2015
pmrsufESm 21
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pGefYypftnpftaMu;rsm;aMumifh ysufpD;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif ydk;owfaq;rsm; aMumifh npfnrf;rIjzpfjcif;? 'Da& awmESifh a&csKd&THUETHopfawmrsm; wGif pD;yGm;jzpftyifrsm;ckwfvJ xkwf,ljcif;? a&a0a&vJa'o rsm;qkwf,kwfjcif;? ajrqDvTm wdkufpm;jcif;? tenfusjcif;? a&wdrf a'oxGufukefrsm;udk tvG eft uRHx kwf,lo Hk;pGJj cif; aMumifh a&wdrfa'oa*[pepf rsm;ysufpD;aMumif; ynm&Sifrsm; \ avhvmcsurf sm;rS od&onf/ a&wdrfa'orsm;onf opf aqG;ajr? &TUH EGaH wmrsm;tygt0if ukef;wGif;&Sd a&0yfaeonfh uef rsm;? tif;tdkifrsm;? a&csKda&ief a'orsm;? jrpf&Sd &THUjyif? obm0 a&0yfa'o (odkYr[kwf)vlrsm; u jyKvyk zf efw;D xm;aom qnf? a&uefrsm;ESifh yifv,furf;ajc 'Da&awmrsm;yg0ifonf/ yifv,f wGif; 'Da&tusqHk;tcsdefwGif a&teuf ajcmufrDwmxuf rausmv f eG af om yifv,fa&wdrf a'orsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ a&wdrfa'oonf urÇmajr jyif\ ajcmuf&mcdkifEIef;cefY&SdNyD; ig;ESihf a&aysmif u S rf sm; tygt0if owå0grsm;aygufzGm;BuD;jyif;&m a'orsm; jzpfaomaMumifh umuG,fxdef;odrf;&ef vdktyf aMumif; od&onf/ (180)
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a&TqHEG,fq&mawmf "r®"& t&Sif0g,rmeE´ Magadha University Buddhist Department rS csD;jr§ifUonfU Ph.Da'gufwmbGJU&&Sd rEÅav; atmufwdkbm 13 rEÅav;NrdKU EdkifiHawmf y&d ,wåo d moemhwuúov kd f yd#uwf qdkif&m jrefrmpmayXme e, a'ou q&mawmf? pOfhudkif NrKd Ue,f ay:awmfru l BH u;D rbk&m; teD; a&TqHEG,f &wemNzdK;a0 ausmif;wdkuf y"meem,u a&T qHEG,fq&mawmf "r®"& t&Sif 0g,rmeE´onf tdE´d,EdkifiH AD[mjynfe,f&Sd Magadha
Nibbana trnf&Sd usrf;pmudk NrdKUrS
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q&mawmfwdkYudk trSL;xmí oHCmawmftyg; 200wdkYtm; qGrf;?ouFef;tp&Sdonfh vSL'gef; zG,f&mrsm; vSL'gef;ylaZmfí a&T qHEG,fq&mawmf "r®"& t&Sif 0g,rmeE´tm; uHxyfr*FvmjyK vkyfcJhaMumif; od&onf/ a&TqHEG,fq&mawmf "r®"& t&Si0f g,rmeE´onf omoem tusKd;udk pGrf;pGrf;wrHo,f ydk; aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdouJhodkY y&[dwvkyif ef;rsm;udv k nf;vkyf aqmifvsu&f u dS m a&TqEH , G f "r® "& ukov kd jf zpfaq;½k?H a&TqEH , G f tdrfwGif;rI toufarG;oifwef; ausmif;ESihf a&TqEH , G u f eG yf sKwm? t*FvdyfpmESifh ,Ofaus;vdr®m Ak'¨pmayoifwef;rsm;udkvnf; zGifhvSpf oifMum;ay;vsuf&Sd aMumif; od&onf/ (173) rsm;wufa&mufMuonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif q&mcs,&f D ajr armifwifxGef;u EIwfcGef; qufpum;ajymMum;NyD; tNidrf; pm; ygarmu©csKyf q&mBuD; OD;BuD;jrifhu *kPfjyKpum;ESihf Mo0g'pum;ajymMum;onf/ xkdY aemuf jrefrmpm*kPfxl;&Sifrsm; udk *kPjf yKqrk sm;cs;D jri§ Nfh y;D *kPjf yK npmjzihf wnfcif;{nfch cH o hJ nf/ cs,&f aD jrjrefrmpmoifwef;rS ,ckESpfwGif rEÅav;wkdif;a'o Bu;D yxrqk&iS Ef iS fh bufpx kH ;l cRef vl&nfcReu f kd arG;xkwEf ikd cf o hJ nf/ ,if;oifwef;rS ESppf Of Top Ten tqihf0ifolrsm;? bmompHk*kPf xl;&Sifrsm;? EkdifiHawmftqihf pmpDpmuHk;qk&Sifrsm; arG;xkwf ay;vsuf&SdNyD; txufjrefrm EdkifiHwGif jrefrmpm*kPfxl;&Sif trsm;qHk; arG;xkwfay;aom oifwef;wpfckjzpfaMumif; od& onf/ ááá wef;? pufBuD;yef;? pufuav; yef;xdk;oifwef;?tcsuftjyKwf? jrefrmESifh w½kwftpm;tpm csufjyKwfoifwef;? qHyifrdwf uyftvSjyif?yef;tvSjyif?opfoD; tvSjyif? rkefYrsKd;pHk? opfoD;,dk vkyif ef;? pku d yf sK;d a&;? *a[quf twufynm? vQyfppftwwf ynm? ydkufquftwwfynm? wGifcHk? azmufcHktwwfynmrsm; oifMum;ay;Ny;D pku d yf sK;d a&;?arG;jrL a&;ESifh a&mif;? 0,fa&;twGuf rwnfaiGrsm; xkwfay;jcif;udk vnf; aemufqufwaJG pmihaf &Smuf rIEiS t hf wl aqmif&u G af y;aMumif; od&onf/ cifpE´mxGef; á á á
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ykodrfBuD;NrdKUe,fwGif rJ½HkrSL;?'kwd,rJ½HkrSL;ESifU tzGJU0ifrsm; oifwef;zGifU rEÅav; atmufwdkbm 13 rEÅav;wkid ;f a'oBu;D ykord f BuD;NrdKUe,f rJ½HkrSL;? 'kwd,rJ½HkrSL; ESifhrJ½HktzGJU0ifrsm;oifwef;zGifhyGJ udk atmufwb kd m 12&uf eHeuf 9em&Du &efuif;awmifajc o'¨r®rmrC"r®m½Hkü usif;yjyK vkyfonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif rEÅav; c½dik af &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGUJ cG J yk o d r f B uD ; Nrd K Ue,f w m0ef c H OD;cspfxGef;u trSmpum;ajym Mum;onf/qufvufí ykord Bf u;D NrdKUe,fa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif tzGUJ cGOJ uú|OD;pd;k NrKd iu f vGwv f yf
í w&m;rQwaom a&G;aumuf yGJatmifjrifap&ef Oya'? enf; Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf Edkifap&ef oifwef;zGiv fh pS f&jcif; jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ tqdkygoifwef;zGifhyGJtcrf; tem;od k Y &yf u G u f ? aus;&G m aumfr&Sit f zGUJ cGOJ uú|ESit hf wGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;? rJ½HkrSL;? 'kwd,rJ½Hk rSL;rsm; pkpkaygif; oifwef;om;? oifwef;ol OD;a& 240 ausmf wuf a &muf M uNyD ; oif w ef ; umvrSm ESpf&ufjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ (093)
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pma&;q&mwcsKUd udv k J ulnD xnfo h Gif;a&;om;ay;zkdY ajymqdk xm;ygw,f}}[k ¤if;uqufvuf ajymjyonf/ wdkif;&if;om; rsKd;EG,ftpk tzGJUrsm;wGif u&if? u,ef;? ucsif? &Srf;? &Srf;eD? wtmif;? ytkd0fh? yavmif? u,m;? rGef? &cdkif? tif;om;? csif;? ukd;uefY [lí &SdNyD; tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om; tpktzGUJ rsm; toif;0ifEdkif&ef twG u f v nf ; zd w f a c:xm; aMumif;? jrefrmbmompum; wpfrsKd;wnf;ESifhom xkwfa0 oGm;rnfjzpfaom tqdyk gr*¾Zif; udk ,ckESpf'DZifbmvwGif xkwf a0Edkif&ef pDpOfxm;&SdcJhaomf vnf; taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d aMumifh 2016ckESpftwGif;rSom xkwf a0EdkifawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; od& onf/ (042)
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