ENDANGERED SPECIES in Romania

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Sorex alpinus Spalax graecus

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Alpine Shrew Balkan Blind Mole Rat Bechstein's Bat Common Bentwing Bat Eurasian Otter European Bison European Ground Squirrel European Marbled Polecat European Mink European Rabbit Garden Dormouse Giant Noctule Bat Long-fingered Bat Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat Mediterranean Monk Seal Mehely's Horseshoe Bat Pond Bat Romanian Hamster Western Barbastelle

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Blood pea

Nigritella rubra

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Myotis bechsteinii Miniopterus schreibersii Lutra lutra Bison bonasus Spermophilus citellus Vormela peregusna Mustela lutreola Oryctolagus cuniculus Eliomys quercinus Nyctalus lasiopterus Myotis capaccinii Rhinolophus euryale Monachus monachus Rhinolophus mehelyi Myotis dasycneme Mesocricetus newtoni Barbastella barbastellus

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Yellow Crocus Lady slipper Water lily Romanian peony Motley tulip

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Black-tailed Godwit Corncrake Dalmatian Pelican Egyptian Vulture Eurasian Curlew Eurasian Peregrine Falcon European Roller Ferruginous Duck Great Bustard Great Snipe Greater Spotted Eagle Lesser Kestrel Lesser White-fronted Goose Little Bustard Pallid Harrier Red Kite Red-breasted Goose Red-footed Falcon Saker Falcon Sociable Lapwing White-headed Duck Yelkouan Shearwater

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Crocus moesicus Cypripeidum calceolus Lotus Romanian peony Motley tulip

Limosa limosa Crex crex Pelecanus crispus Neophron percnopterus Numenius arquata Falco peregrinus peregrinus Coracias garrulus Aythya nyroca Otis tarda Gallinago media Aquila clanga Falco naumanni Anser erythropus Tetrax tetrax Circus macrourus Milvus milvus Branta ruficollis Falco vespertinus Falco cherrug Vanellus gregarius Oxyura leucocephala Puffinus yelkouan

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Angel Shark Asprete Cape Shark Danube Salmon Eastern Carpathian Golden Loach European Eel European Mudminnow Giant Sturgeon Kerch Black Sea Shad Knipowitschia cameliae Percarina demidoffi Pontian Shemaya Romanian Loach Scardinius racovitzai Star Sturgeon Sterlet Wild Common Carp

Squatina squatina Romanichthys valsanicola Squalus acanthias Hucho hucho Sabanejewia vallachica Anguilla anguilla Umbra krameri Huso huso Alosa immaculata Knipowitschia cameliae Percarina demidoffi Alburnus sarmaticus Sabanejewia romanica Scardinius racovitzai Acipenser stellatus Acipenser ruthenus Cyprinus carpio

Apollo Butterfly Bienkotetrix transsylvanicus Chortipphus acroleucus Cucujus cinnaberinus Goldstreifiger Isophya harzi Metrioptera domogledi Miramella irena Morimus funereus

Parnassius apollo Bienkotetrix transsylvanicus Chortipphus acroleucus Cucujus cinnaberinus Buprestis splendens Isophya harzi Metrioptera domogledi Miramella irena Morimus funereus 3

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Odontopodisma montana Onconotus servillei Predatory Bush Cricket Rosalia Longicorn Small Lappet Moth Stenobothrus eurasius Sudeten Ringlet Zubovskia banatica

Odontopodisma montana Onconotus servillei Saga pedo Rosalia alpina Phyllodesma ilicifolia Stenobothrus eurasius Erebia sudetica Zubovskia banatica

Mammals: This species is assessed as Near Threatened (approaching criterion B2) at the European level, as it occurs at not many more than five locations, and agricultural intensification might be expected to impact the whole population over a short time period in the near future. The area of occupancy (AOO) is suspected to be less than 500 km², although it has not been estimated. The population is fragmented, so if an estimate of AOO was available, the species might qualify as Endangered under Criterion B2. In Romania at least, the mole rat population appears to be stable at present, although agricultural intensification may potentially become a threat in the near future.

Its congener Spalax leucodon is threatened by agricultural intensification, as it cannot survive in intensively-farmed arable land. Spalax graecus may be similarly vulnerable to intensive agriculture.

Subsistence agriculture continues in Transylvania, and the mole rat population appears to be stable there (I. Coroiu pers. comm. 2006), at least for the time being. However, accession of Romania to the EU might be expected to result in agricultural intensification in the near future.

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The global population of free-living animals was ca. 1,800 in 2006. However, because some of these have not reached breeding age, and because polygyny reduces the effective population size, the total number of 'mature individuals' may be less than 1,000. Although the population declined between the early 1990s and 2000, the current population trend is increasing. Consequently the species qualifies as Vulnerable under criterion D1.

Habitat degradation and fragmentation due to agricultural activity, forest logging, and unlimited hunting and poaching were the primary reasons for the decrease and extinction of European bison populations. Conflict and political instability continues to be a threat to the species in the Caucasus, where reintroduced free-living herds have suffered very severe losses (leading to extinctions) in recent years. Diseases appearing in European bison populations can bring serious threats to the whole species. It is not certain whether the species has always shown a weak resistance to disease or if immunity has declined, due to limited genetic heterogeneity. The most important disease affects the male reproductive organs and is manifested in the inflammation of the penis and prepuce, leading to diphtheroid-necrotic lesions, diagnosed as balanoposthitis.

The species has a restricted range, but its extent of occurrence is greater than 20,000 km². The area of occupancy is not known, but is suspected to approach the 2,000 km² threshold for Vulnerable. The species is adversely affected by agricultural intensification, and is inferred to be decreasing, although there are no quantitative data on population trend. Consequently it is assessed as Near Threatened. If new information shows that the area of occupancy is below 2,000 km², uplisting to Vulnerable (criterion B2) should be considered. However, if the population trend is conclusively determined to be stable,

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downlisting to Least Concern may be warranted.

Although this species has a large range, it is generally rare, occurring in low density and numbers. It is mainly sedentary. The population is fragmented and linked to particular kinds of old forest habitats, which are declining. The species does not easily colonise new areas. Declines are widely reported in most of its range with a few exceptions in recent years. The status of this species is linked to forestry practices and the decline in the number of old trees (one colony may use up to 30 old trees with holes each summer season). Has specific habitat and diet requirements. Listed as Near Threatened (approaching A4c), as it is suspected that population declines will approach 30% over a 15 year period including both the past and the future.Loss of old mature woodland and ancient trees with loose bark or wood crevices (reforested areas are not suitable for this species); disturbance and loss of underground habitats, disturbance and loss of roost sites in older buildings.

Plants:

Blood pea is a plant from Orchidaceae family. It has the right strain, 8-14 cm high. Leaves are numerous and narrow, elongated, pointing to the sky. The flowers are small and numerous. The flowers are dark red-purple, fragrant vanilla. The root is composed of tubers. It flowers in June and August.

In Romania is very rare in the Carpathian mountains in the north-east and south.

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Yellow crocus is a herbaceous plant, 10-13 cm high, with long and delicate stem, having around her a circle of leaves thin and long.

It has yellow pear-shaped flower.

The fruit is a capsule that matures long next spring, brown, which opens by three valves and containing numerous seeds.

It is also known as thermal water lily or lotus flower. This species lives in stream waters, near Bath "May 1“ Oradea. Stream water feature is a high temperature (hot springs). The species was discovered in 1789 by botanist P. Kitaibel. Because of its uniqueness (Felix is the only area where this species is found), Nymphaea lotus var. thermalis has been declared since 1931, a natural monument.

Romanian peony is a peony species present in lowland forests or their edge in Dobrogea, Wallachia and southern Moldavia. Red flower petals are less than garden peony. It is a plant protected by law, must not be destroyed or

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collected. It is found in national parks forest Comana in sunny places.

What distinguishes it from other tulips is its purple color with white spots, but also how it spreads, because it grows spontaneously in moist places near the forest. It is picked abusive for its beauty in some areas of the country so it became extinct.

Birds: It is a summer guest in Romania, and is endangered on a global scale. Can be found in swampy areas and marshes of the Danube Delta.

In fall it migrates in Asia or Africa.It has reddish brown color, a very long thin neck.

Neck is slightly rounded curve shaped S. As size, it is less than the stork. It feeds with fish and amphibians.

It is rare bird, living especially in the Danube Delta in mixed colonies, especially in dwarf willows. With the arrival of autumn, it migrates to the Mediterranean. It is a species that is increasing because it isn’t hunted anymore by humans for its ornamental feathers. The 8

color of the feathers is pure white and on the head has beautiful ornamental feathers, as well as on its back, more popular in the past as fashion jewelry.

In the months of April-May, the female lays 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs that are boiled together with the partner. Chicks leave the nest before they can fly having a great skill in climbing through the branches.

It is a migratory bird, found in all the plains. It is easily recognized by the orange crest on the head, tighten or loosen it.

It has a long beak and slightly curved down. Hoopoe produces a sound unmistakable, Pu-pu-pu''.

It makes its nest in hollows of trees, using fecal lining, which serve as defense against predators.

It makes the nest in the eastern part of Dobrogea, in holes, where the female lays 8-10 eggs, light cream in late May and it hatches about 28 days.

Both sexes were representatives of scarlet plumage, the male is more colorful and with a bright white ring of feathers

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around the neck. In fall migrates north-west Africa and the Nile Delta.

Due to its deepening scarcity, it is placed under the protection of law to be protected from extinction.

Fishes: The species was known from River Arges and its tributaries Vaslan and Raul Doamnei, however it is now only extant in a 1 km stretch of the Vaslan river. During construction of a reservoir on River Arges (1965) no water was left in the river downstream of the dam and the species disappeared. In the Valsan river, the population has been seriously impacted by stone extraction from the river, overfishing, pollution and damming of the upper part of the river. The survival of this species now depends on the continuity of water released by a single reservoir, and is was the focus of a project of the EU Life programme.

Threats to the species were deforestation, construction of roads, extraction of stones, pollution and dam constructions has driven this species to the edge of extinction.

Currently the species occurs only below a dam, and exists only because enough water is released from the dam.

The species has a fragmented distribution in sandy streams with fast current in the Arges, Olt, Jui, Mures and Tapolitza systems of the Danube basin.

Damming, water abstraction and pollution have all increased in recent years which all have an impact on the species.

It

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is

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population has declined by almost 30% in the past 10 years, and will continue to do so as development within Romania increases.

The species is restricted to a very small hot spring (Petzea) in Romania, with an area of occupancy of less than 1 km². In 1998, the habitat was observed to be in good condition and the species was very common. However in 2000, the site was observed to be heavily polluted with litter, and that the public bath that the hot spring feeds was being re-built and modernised which is predicted to extract larger quantities of water from the spring.

In 2000 it was observed that the spring was heavily polluted with litter. The spring water is also used to feed a public bath which was being rebuilt with plans to channel more water than previously from the spring (M. Glaubrecht, pers comm. to J. Freyhof).

The species has a scattered distribution in the Danube drainage from Vienna to the delta, and in the lower reaches of Dniestr drainage.

River regulation for water transport, and drainage of wetlands for agriculture, has reduced the number of backwaters (oxbow lakes etc.) where, in the last phases of succession, the species is found. It moves between the backwaters during times of flooding, which has also been regulated by the channelization and damming of the rivers. The succession of the backwaters takes many years to develop and 11

the number of available and suitable sites for this species is slowly reducing as they dry out and no new ones are created. The species is known to have been extirpated from many locations. It is estimated that the population has declined by more than 30% in the past 10 years.

River regulation for water transport has reduced the number of backwaters (oxbow lakes etc.) where, in the last phases of succession, the species is found. Drainage of wetlands to reclaim arable land has (and still does) pose a threat. The species moves between the backwaters during times of flooding, which has also been regulated by the channelization and damming of the rivers. The succession of the backwaters takes many years and the number of available and suitable sites for the species is slowly reducing as they dry out and no new ones are created. The species is known to have been extirpated from many locations.

Insects: The Transsylvanian Wingless Groundhopper (Tetrix tanssylvanica) is assessed as Endangered (EN) due to its small area of occupancy (AOO being in the range of 32-200 km²), its severely fragmented population and a continuing decline in the extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO), extent and quality of habitat, number of subpopulations and number of mature individuals.

The Cozia Plump Bush-cricket is listed as Critically Endangered (CR) based on its small extent of occurrence (EOO) (4 km²) and area of occupancy (AOO) (4 km²), its occurrence at a single location, the extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals and the continuing decline in the EOO, AOO, area and quality of its habitat, and number of mature individuals.

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After a recent wildfire, the species has not been recorded in this locality.

The threats to this species are fires and overgrazing (Kristin and Iorgu 2014, I. Iorgu pers. comm. 2015), that significantly affect the population of this species at its single location.

The species is listed on the Annexes II and IV of the European Birds and Habitats Directive. Its status has been assessed as "Unfavourable-Inadequate" in the most recent report (EEA 2014). The species occurs in Cozia National Park. Better grazing and fire management is required to avoid any future declines of this species. Research on its population trend is required.

The Banat Grasshopper is known from a single location in the Semenic Mountain in southwestern Romania, with very small extent of occurrence (EOO) of c. 30 km². Although the population trend has been stable so far, due to the expansion of human settlements and the development of touristic infrastructure a decline is projected in the area of occupancy and the quality of habitat. In addition, the species is present only in one location on the basis of overgrazing.

Therefore the species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR).

Major threats to the species are the expansion of human settlements and the development of touristic infrastructure. Overgrazing also poses a major threat to the species, and based on this threat the species occurs in a single location.

The species was previously assessed as Vulnerable (Orthopteroid Specialist Group 1996), and as Endangered in the Carpathian Mountains as a result of a range of factors, including restricted range, low population density, and limited dispersal ability (Krištín and Iorgu 2014). There are no conservation actions in place for the species, although it occurs in the Semenic - Cheile Carasului National Park. Research on its population size and trend is needed.

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This is a local species with scattered populations in Europe. Population declines have been reported in Switzerland and Romania. In Romania there are two distinct populations: a large one in the Eastern Carpathians (Rodna) and one in the Southern Carpathians (Retezat), which seems to be on the brink of extinction. In Poland the situation is unclear, and it is not known if the species maintains a resident population at the moment. It is considered that both in Europe and the EU-27 countries the species has declined by more than 30%. Therefore it is classified as Vulnerable.

The main threats are intensified grazing and abandonment. Considering its limited distribution, the Sudeten Ringlet may become threatened in the long term by climate change. As the species is not treated in the Climatic Risk Atlas (Settele et al. 2008) there is no information on the possible change of the climate envelope.

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