CONTENT 4
SITE ASSESSMET
14
SITE & SOLAR ASSESSMENT
22
DAYLIGHTING
30
FACADE INTEGRATION
38
58
ELETRICAL EQUIPMENT
62
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
65
LIGHTING SYSTEM
FACADE MATERIALS PROPERTIES AND SELECTION
70
WATER & PLUMBING SYSTEM
45
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE COOLINGIHEATING SYSTEMS
75
LIFT SAFETY SYSTEM
51
SPACE AIR AND WATER DISTRIBUTION
82
SIMPLE PAYBACK ANALYSIS
86
CONCLUSION
SUMMARY The design of the building is aimJOH for energy efficiency and flexibility for future adjustment. Our first main focus is the design of facade, which JT cooperated with the functional scheme and asethetic purpose. It includes the following details: t The Ribbon-like facade coperated with efficent shading system reflect the natural light and block the unecassry glare. t The facade has WWR equals to 0.53 and has up to 70% transmittance of visible light. t The wall has R-value 17, and the collaboration with passive design is introduced to achieve a better thermal performance. The mechanical system is the other concern in our office design, which has the following qualities: t The docking system for space and air is categorized by the areas of smiliar usage, to achieve effiecient controls. t The electricity and lighting system design provides the flexibility to be controlled and used the minimum number of pole in order to prepare for furture use. t The water and plumbing system adapts the grey water recycling strategy for saving the use of water. The natural heating and cooling system of the building is efficient enough to cost down the annual electricity and gas comsuption. The payback will be reached in 33 years.
Last but not least, for the life safety system provided the egress layout meeting the requirement of building code, and there is not area left uncovered by the alaram or sprinking system. The overall layout of the office area still provides sufficent space for people to work.
PROJECT SITE: 610 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
The building is located on the corner of broadway and Houston street, and site is Noho area and close to Soho and New York University where there are many people West. Building is constructed in steel construction with column supports. daytime, and building is not occupied at the night. Temperature gets really hot in summer where temperature stays above 75F for almost a whole day. While in in the winter, because there is no control to the environment.
SITE ASSESSMENT
4
TRAFFIC AND PEDESTRIAN DESITY : CAR
: 2 PEOPLE
: TRUCK
: 4 PEOPLE
: BUS
: 6 PEOPLE
Images on site
5
M
M
TRAFFIC AND PEDESTRIAN PATTERN
Images on site
: MAIN ENTRANCE : TRAFFIC DIRECTION : PEDESTRIAN DIRECTION
: LOADING DOCK M
: SUBWAY
6
LOW
SOURCES OF AIR, NOISE AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION Vehicle Vendor / Construction Trash Collector at 11:30 am
NOISE POLLUTION Vehicle / Pedastrian / Construction Trash Collector at 11:30 am
HIGH
Images on site
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT POLLUTION Commercials Street Lights Construction Temperary Light
: CONSTRUCTION AREA
7
SOURCE OF GLARE
SOURCE OF GLARE
DESIRABLE VIEW
DESIRABLE VIEW
GLARE ISSUE, DESIRABLE VIEW, UNDESIRABLE VIEW : SOURCE OF GLARE AT 11:30 am
DESIRABLE VIEW
Images on site
: DESIRABLE VIEW : UNDESIRABLE VIEW
8
SOLAR PATH
HOURLY ILLUMINATION
The most houly illumination happens in June, which the average high gets up above 210 and the average low is around 20. The least happens in December, which the average low is about 40 more than in June, and the average hi gh is about 130.
Sun rises around 5am and sets after 7pm in summer. In the early morning, the site would get some north-eastern light, while in late afternoon, it would get north-western light. In winter, sun rises around 7:30am and sets around 4:30pm. The site gets south-eastern light from the morning, and south-western light in the afternoon.
9
SOLAR RADIATION
SOLAR PATH
Summer gets really hot. Temperature stays above 75F for almost a whole day. While in winter, temperature is always below 68F, which is too cold.
The temperature starts to rise around 6am, and gets hot around 8am until 7pm. And the sun would get almost perpendicular to the ground from 11am to 1pm. In winter, the temperature is a lot cooler than summer, and the sun would only get around 22 degrees above ground.
10
TEMPERATURE RANGE
GROUND TEMPERATURE
July has the highest temperature, which can get up to 85F. We prepare for the hot weather around May. The coldest month is January is the coldest, and we tend to prepare for a much colder condition. The annual average temperature is between 50F to 60F, and we tend to prepare for a much extreme temperature condition.
As the ground surface gets deeper, the temperature would swing less because the temperature inside the Earth is pretty stable.
DRY BULB X DEW POINT
DRY BULB X HUMIDITY
Dry bulb temperature would get close to comfort zone around May, and get above comfort zone in July until August. Then the temperature starts to drop until the next year. Dew Point temperature always
Huminity is pretty stable and swings a little bit below the comfort zone during winter. So it feels between dry bulb temperature and dew point temperature becomes smaller when huminity rises; and it becomes larger when huminity drops.
11
MONTHLY DIURNAL AVERAGES
The comfort zone is from 70F to 80F, with 0 to 0.012 humidity ratio. By adding ventilation, shadings, and other devices, the range of comfort zone can expend up to double of the original.
12
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
In winter, we get strong north west wind. And in summer, most of the wind come from south. We get some north east wind and south west wind almost all year round.
13
SITE & SOLAR ASSESSMENT
14
EAST FACADE The facade is facing east; therefore, the most sunlight and heat that the building will have is in the morning. However, the angle of the sun in the morning is usually relatively small compared to the other hours in a day. Thus the design is focusing on series of horizontal windows to get heat.
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.41
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS : WITH NATURAL VENTILATION
Double High Performance (Argon)
W 11’ x H 1.5’ W 12’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.45
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Double High Performance (Argon)
W 7’ x H 1.5’ W 7’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 6’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
W 14’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 3’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
ANNUAL AVERAGE THERMAL COMFORT These two scenarios both have high percentage of the comfort, above 80%. However, the right scenario (scenario 4) has an annually better comfort than the left one (scenario 3). It could be considered with the engergy consumption diagram that the right scenario has more windows sunlight. Also, because of its narrow and horizontal windows design, the sunlight will not get into the interior so aggressivly.
15
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (EUI) mances. Scenario 3 needs more heating than cooling, while scenario 4 is the totally opposite. The need for cooling has more variation in the diagram of heating/cooling season. It could be observed that the possible lack of natural ventilation in the scenario 4 would cause the heat gain.
CARBORN EMISSIONS Considered together with energy consumption, the summation need for fans, cooling, and heating. Therefore, the estimated CO2 emissions is higher. Also, because of the higher demand of heating in scenario 3, the emission from gas is higher than that in scenario 4. HEATING
COOLING
MONTHLY AVG. WINDOW HEAT GAIN The horizontal design could greatly reduce the heat gain because the area, and arrangement between scenario 3 and 4 makes the letter has higher heat gain, especially in the summer time.
The total and peak heat gain are consistent with the average performance, based on the discussion above. The time of peak happens is assumed to happen during the summer time.
16
SOUTH FACADE Since we get plenty of sunlight during the day, the main purpose of south facade is to reduce direct sunlight hitting the interior in summer without blocking it in winter. Scenario 1 starts with large windows with additional shades, and scenario 2 contues the horizontal language from the previous east facade study. This es between these two strategies. WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.50
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
W 4’ x H 7’ W 4’ x H 0.25’ x D 2’
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.49
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
VB-Exterior-3” Slab (0 degree)
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Quad Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
W 10’ x H 1’ , W 7’ x H 1’ , w 5’ x H 1’ N/A
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
ANNUAL AVERAGE THERMAL COMFORT Both scenarios can reach above 90% of comfort, which is pretty high. However, scenario 1 starts with a higher comfort percentage and drops after noon, whild scenario 2 remains pretty stable through out the rest of the day. This may due to additional shading system for scenario 1, which
17
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (EUI) In terms of energy consumption, these two scenarios are close, but scenario 2 consumes less cooling and about the same amount of fans and lighting comparing to scenario 1, with a little bit of extra heating. This is because the matierial I used for scenario 2 has better resistance of heat gain.
CARBORN EMISSIONS Since scenario 2 requires less energy than scenario 1, the amount of CO2 scenario 2 emits is than scenario 1. However, scenario 1 only has CO2 emits from electricity, while scenario 2 has some emits from gas due to the need of heating. HEATING
COOLING
MONTHLY AVG. WINDOW HEAT GAIN In general, windows gain the most heat in summer, and less in winter. Scenario 2 gains a lot less of the heat than scenario 1 becase of the material.
Again, these two diagrams show scenario 2 has much larger control than
18
WEST FACADE The facade is facing west; therefore, most of sunlight and heat gains in the evening. Long vertical windows are designed in two scenarios to have enough sunlight with heat gains. However, scenario 1 provides glazing, shading system and shade devices to compare to scenario 2 which has no shading system and shade devices, so this sunlight and heat gain respectively. WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM : SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS : SHADE DIMENSIONS :
0.5 Double Glazed Triple Silver Low-E Tint (Argon) VB-Interior_1” slat (45 deg) W 7’ x H 6’ & W 7’ x H 4’ W 8’ x H 2’ x D 0.3’
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM : SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS : SHADE DIMENSIONS :
0.47
Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air) None W 5’.5 x H 12’ None
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
ANNUAL AVERAGE THERMAL COMFORT Due to windows facing west, both of scenarios have similar results in high average thermal comfort in daytime and night time. They reach about 90%, which makes feel comfortable throughout the year. However, annual average thermal comfort in scenario 1 has a little higher from 3:00pm to 5:00pm, because heat gains in scenario 1 are less than in scenario 2.
19
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (EUI) In two scenarios, mostly cooling systems are required to reduce temperascenario 2 get more sunlight, and it requires more cooling in summer. However, none of them need heating in winter.
CARBORN EMISSIONS Scenario 2 has resulted in more heat gains throughout the year, so it needs more uses of cooling by electricity in summer. With no use of gas, CO2 emissions were only resulted from the use of electricity in summer.
HEATING
COOLING
MONTHLY AVG. WINDOW HEAT GAIN Scenario 2 has more monthly heat gain through the windows, because the windows in scenario 2 are clear glass and have no shading devices. direct sunlight.
High heat gain in peak has close relation with high heat gain in annual, as shown with high value in the diagram of scenario 2.
20
BEST PERFORMANCE REASON: First of all, the thermal comfort percentage is close to 90%, which is pretty high. Following with the energy consumption, it could be observed that the cooling is even it gains really little heat from window, it stills does not require a lot of heat in winter. Last but not the least, the design of the facade is considered with aesthetics too; therefore, this option meets with all the requirement within our goal so far.
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.49
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
VB-Exterior-3” Slab (0 degree)
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Quad Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
W 10’ x H 1’ , W 7’ x H 1’ , w 5’ x H 1’ N/A
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
21
DAYLIGHTING ASSESSMENT
22
EAST FACADE WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.41
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
SCENARIO 1
Double High Performance (Argon)
9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2
3PM
9 AM
12PM
W 11’ x H 1.5’
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION *
SCENARIO 1 0.5
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
SUMMER
Double High Performance (Argon)
W 7’ x H 1.5’
W 7’ x H 2’
W 7’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 6’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
W 14’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 3’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
From the color index, it could be seen that it is fall equinox which has the highest fc instead of winter solstice. During the equinox, the sun has higher angle, which leads to smaller lighting area. And therefore more concentrated illuminance compared with winter solstice. However, in summer solstice, because of the high angle of the sun, sunlight is mainly blocked by shadings.
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
SCENARIO 2 Following with the previous design, the adjustment is made to open up windows a little bit more so as to bring in more sunlight in scienario 2, which is expected to have better performance of optimizing the results.
PLAN ILLUMINANCE CONTOUR It could be observed that sun light can enter the interior consistantly in the morning in every season for both scenarios. The range of sunlight is especially wide in the winter because of the relativly low degree of sun angle, which can bring the light into the interior and also has the
W 12’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
3PM
EQUINOX
Results from each of tests are consistent overall. The scenario 2 has higher illuminance and glare value am) to noon (12:00 pm) and afternoon (3:00 pm) because of we are facing east. Including the can be seen that the light could reach almost the middle (30’) of the room. contour that the shadings do block some light. In contrast, the shadings work better of blocking light since the openness of the windows are relativly small in scenario 1. Nevertheless, scenario 1 could not be a preferrable design since the amount of light introduced into interior is very limited.
WINTER
SCENARIO 2
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
SUMMER
EQUINOX
WINTER
12PM
3PM
9 AM
12PM
3PM
3D ILLUMINANCE CONTOUR From the 3D contour, we could still see the consistency of the range of sunlight referring to plan contour. The horizontal design of windows clearly bring in a large amount of sunlight in the morning, and even some in scenario 2 at noon. It is interesting that it is clearer to see in the winter solstice from the perspective view, with the front corner near the windows has less sunlight than the equinox since the angle of sun is low.
23
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2 9 AM
3PM
12PM
3PM GLARE - CLEAR SKY & OVERCAST SKY From the results, the overcast sky condition has very similar performance; therefore we use the representative one - summertime - to do the comparision with clear sky.
SUMMER
general. First of all, there is no glare generated in the interior under the overcast sky condition probably building. Following, the level of lux in overcast images are in generally lower than the one under the clear sky, which is obviously consistent with our expectation. In clea sky condition, besides the galre created from direct sunlight, there is also the glare created from
EQUINOX
espeically in the scenario 2. Therefore, it is brighter interior of scenario 2 overall due to the higher WWR and condensed organization of windows.
WINTER
OVERCAST SKY
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2 3PM
9 AM
12PM
3PM
ILLUMINANCE MAP The illuminance map shows the distribution of the
SUMMER And because the windows are low and with not
EQUINOX WINTER
of course, the larger WWR for scenario may take a role as well. since we could see that in the scenario 1, the illuminance shift left and right regarding to the arrangement of windows; in the scenario 2, the patterns mainly show symmetrical characteristic, since the windows are designed symmetrical as well.
24
WEST FACADE WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.40
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
VB-Exterior_3” slat (45 degree)
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
Double Low Solor Low-E Clear (Air)
12PM
SCENARIO 2
3PM
9 AM
12PM
VARIES (8 Windows)
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION
SCENARIO 1 0.42
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
None
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
SUMMER
Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
PLAN CONTOUR In this plan contour, it is obvious that small amount of sunlight are coming into the interior from 9am to 3pm, because of its orientation of west direction. Scenario 1 and 2 have pretty much same results from 9am to 12pm where the amount of illuminance is pretty low, and
W 17’ x H 0.5’ x D 3’
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
3PM
the interior brighter. However, the amount of sunlight is getting increased from 3pm on summer and Equinox. In winter, the amount of sunlight during the daytime is staying
VARIES (8 Windows) W 0.5’ x H 12’ x D 3’
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
SCENARIO 2 to test the amount of sunlight and glare in the window and the interior. Scenario 1 keeps horizontal location of windows and scenario 2 has verical location of windows in comparison. In addition, glazing systems in both scenarios are same as double low solar low-E clear, but only scenario 1 has
sunlight and heating system to make the interior comfortable in winter. In terms of the amount of illuminance from sunlight, scenario 2 has more intensity on the windows at 3pm in summer and Equinox. Venetian blinds in scenario 1 has soft sunlight in 3pm comparing to scenario 2 with no blinds.
EQUINOX
Through the tests, it is observed that venetian blinds on the exterior on horizontal windows are at 3pm, because the facade facing west does not have sunlight and glare during the daytime. With understanding the intensity of sunlight, illuminance and luminance, the facade facing west not to reduce luminance from 3pm where the interior and window have high intensity of sunlight. In addition, less amount of sunlight in the winter needs to have heating system to reach thermal comfort in the interior.
WINTER
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
SUMMER
EQUINOX
WINTER
12PM
SCENARIO 2 3PM
9 AM
12PM
3PM
3D CONTOUR In this illuminance map, the intensity of sunlight is pretty high in scenario 2 in summer and Equinox from 12pm to 3pm, because direct sunlight came to window and interior. With large amount of illuminance at that time, the interior is bright, but side wall has high intensity of illuminance especially with the vertical location of windows in scenario 2. However, it has low intensity of illuminance in scenario 1, because blinds would reduce illuminance.
25
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2 9 AM
3PM
12PM
3PM GLARE - CLEAR & OVERCAST SKY In the clear sky condition, these 3d maps indicate the amount of luminance on the window and in the interior. High luminance in 3pm on summer has discomfort glare which reaches 4750 cd/m2, because of no blinds to reduce sunlight coming in the interior. Especially, windows and some portion of
SUMMER
discomfort glare to people. However, the intensity of glare is not too high in the interior, so it does not cause discomfort glare from the interior wall, and ceiling. Scenario 1 in Equinox has high intensity of glare on
EQUINOX
of windows. Scenario 2 has high glare in summer and Equinox through the daytime, because of the vertical location of windows and no blinds on the window. to sunlight before reaching to the facade, so it has low intensity of glare in scenario 1 and it has less intensity of glare in summer in comparison to clear sky.
WINTER
OVERCAST SKY
SCENARIO 1 9 AM SUMMER EQUINOX WINTER
12PM
SCENARIO 2 3PM
9 AM
12PM
3PM
ILLUMINANCE MAP In these illuminance map, it can predict that the interior does not have enough illumination for visual and thermal comfort. In scenario 1, illuminance is pretty low throughout the year and daytime. However, scenario 2 has high intensity near to window at 3pm in summer and Equinox, and this result came from vertical location of windows and no blinds on the windows. However, this scenario also has low intensity of illuminace in the winter. The facade facing west do not have sunlight and thermal energy during the day, in the winter.
26
SOUTH FACADE
SCENARIO 1
WWR : 0.50 GLAZING SYSTEM : Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air) SHADING SYSTEM : RS-Exterior_Light-colored WINDOWS DIMENSIONS : W 4’ x H 7’ SHADE DIMENSIONS : W 4’ x H 0.25’ x D 2’ WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2
3PM
9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2 Continuing studying the two design scenarios from previous, this analysis is focused on the quality of daylight and glare of those two facades. Both scenarios are performing well in general. They both can block the direct sunlight in summer, and allow the sunlight pass through in winter. Scenario 1 works because of its external shading devices, while scenario 2 uses wall thickness as shading for the horizonal window strips. Even though they both provide a lot of daylight to the interior, they do not create a lot of glare issues for most of the time. Especially for scenario 2, glare only happens around noon time in
PLAN ILLUMINANCE CONTOUR Bothe of the scenarios can bring light all the way in to the back wall from noon till the afternoon. Scenario 2 can almost hit the back wall in the morning, while scenario 1 connot quite get it. For scenario 1, thereis relatively intense spot light hitting both sides of the walls during the equinox and winter and difuse further into the interior. This may because of the lack of vertical vertical shading. And Scenario 2 has more intense but larger spread of light on the wall during equinox, which is expected because of the window shape and lack of external shading devices.
SCENARIO 1 WWR : 0.49 GLAZING SYSTEM : Quad Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air) SHADING SYSTEM : VB-Exterior-3” Slab (0 degree) WINDOWS DIMENSIONS : W 10’ x H 1’ , W 7’ x H 1’ , w 5’ x H 1’ SHADE DIMENSIONS : N/A WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
3PM
SUMMER
EQUINOX
WINTER
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
SUMMER
12PM
SCENARIO 2 3PM
9 AM
12PM
3PM
3D ILLUMINANCE CONTOUR This diagram shows more of evidence from previous diagram thaat the interior of scenario 2 brings more light to the interior than scenario 1. However, even though it seems that scenario 2 has more it is actually not that bad when we look at 3 dimensionally. Because of the shape of the windows, the total area of this kind of light is actually smaller than scenario 1.
EQUINOX
WINTER
27
SCENARIO 1 9 AM
12PM
SCENARIO 2 9 AM
3PM
12PM
3PM
GLARE - CLEAR SKY & OVERCAST SKY Just by looking at the light intensity on the facade during clear days, it is obvious that scenario 2 has better performance throught out the year. The worst day for both scenarios is in equinox, for which scenario
SUMMER
than scenario 2. Also, because of the lack of vertical shading, it would have some glare spots in scenario 1 in summer from noon. In the days with clouds, both of the scenarios has much less intensity of light through them with no exception. before it enters the building. Taking summer as an example, the performance of the two scenarios are really similar as shown in the last row of diagram.
EQUINOX
WINTER
OVERCAST SKY
SCENARIO 1 9 AM SUMMER EQUINOX WINTER
12PM
SCENARIO 2 3PM
9 AM
12PM
ILLUMINANCE MAP 3PM
From previous study, both scenarios have potential to for scenario 2. Scenario 1 has some areas along the windows to have high intensity of light almost everyday from noon. And these spots are more or less the same as the locations of the windows, especially the lower ones. Which draws another conclusion that the height of windows would there needs to have low windows, additional shading is required. Scenario 2 has absolutely nothing in this case. It may
28
BEST PERFORMANCE
REASON: After adjusting from last time, this design scenario is performing much better than expect. Especially for a facade that is on east, which only has direct sun light in the morning. This scenario allows light in to almost the back wall in the morning, and can up to 1/3 in the afternoon for every season. And all the light except the very front along the windows. But it should not be a problem becuase the light in morning is not harsh enough to become an issue. And the glare created by the window glass is relatively less intense.
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.5
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS-Exterior_Light-colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Double High Performance (Argon)
W 7’ x H 1.5’
W 7’ x H 2’
W 7’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 6’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
W 14’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’ W 3’ x H 0.25’ x D 1’
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION
29
FACADE INTERGRATION
30
PLAN & SECTION 1
Reception Area Lunch Room Restrooms Copy Rooms IT/Server Room Conference Rooms
2
Level 7 1/32" = 1'-0"
Section 1
1
Section 2
2
31
LAYOUT
Dry Bulb Temperature: 74 F Relative Humidity: 45%
places that people would stay for most of the time. Therefore, they are placed near the windows to gain more sunlight and providing a better working condition for the workers. On the other hand, the rooms such as conference rooms, are the space that people will spend relatively less time in, which would have less need for HVAC systems. We would leave the room temperature adjustable, so people can turn the AC on whenever strategy is applied on the lunch room as well, as the peak time for lunch room will be about one hour in a day and mostly at noon or afternoon. It is located at North-West so to reduce the use of light and AC.
UP
74F OFFICE 74F LIBRARY VARY CONFERENCE 74F RECEPTION 74F PRINTING 68F KITCHEN 68F IT CIRCULATION CORE BATHROOM
/
45% HUMIDITY
/
45% HUMIDITY
/
45% HUMIDITY
/ /
45% HUMIDITY 40% HUMIDITY
/
40% HUMIDITY
32
FACADE DESIGN - EAST The design follows the main idea of horizontal windows from previous studies.
WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.49 Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
Therefore, the shades are desinged with a ribbon-like pattern, which not only
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
None
glazing, and also give the sense of the continuity of asethetics.
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
W 12’ x H 2.25’ W 12’ x H 1.5’
W 11.25’ x H 2.25’ W 11.25’ x H 1.5’
W 12’ x H 0.25’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 1.5’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 2.75’ x D 2’
W 11.25’ x H 0.25’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 2’ x D 2’
Summer Solstice 9:00 am
Winter Solstice 9:00 am
The design is reasonable since the glare spot on floor is less 40% even in the morning in winter solstice. However, this is not much of a concern because the sun in winter is softer. Also, it could be seen from the contour images that even at noon, the sunlight could reach to 30’ or even more, which is more than enough for the east side.
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION (AWING FOR TOP WINDOWS)
2’
INTERIOR Winter Solstice 12:00 pm 2’
SOLAR SHADES WINDOW H1.5’
15’ LIGHT SHELF WINDOW H2.25’
24’
The section shows the scheme of how the sunlight goes into the interior: the light shelf sunlight from creating potential glare. Since we open the middle portion of the facade, so people can have actually see the outside. The larger windows set on the top and the bottom of the wall to allow more light into the space and the maybe some heat especially in winter.
33
FACADE DESIGN - WEST WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.64
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
VB-Interior- I” slat 45 Degree
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Double Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
placed in the middle of ribbon frame which is 2’-0” deep and venetian blinds are located on the interior as 1” slat 45 degree to reduce sunlight on summer at 3:00pm, when sunlight is maxium amount in the west facade.
W 12’ x H 3.0’ W 12’ x H 2.0’
W 12’ x H 2.5’ W 12’ x H 1.5’
W 12’ x H 0.25’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 3.0’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 2.5’ x D 2’
W 0.25’ x H 2.0’ x D 2’ W 0.25’ x H 1.5’ x D 2’
Summer Solstice 3:00 pm
Winter Solstice3:00 pm
In the illumination map and contour map in summer and winter, sunlight does
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION (AWING FOR TOP WINDOWS)
below. Venetian blinds not only will reduce sunlight in summer after 3pm, but also block unnecessary glare in winter around 3pm. There is no enough sunlight winter for thermal comfort.
INTERIOR
2’
LIGHT SHELF
The section shows how to bring sunlight and block sunlight and glare with the condition of light shelf and interior blinds. 2’ deep light shelve will block sunlight in summer and
WINDOW H3.0’
manage the amount of sunlight and glare in certain time. The awing window at the top will VB-INTERIOR-1” 45 DEGREE WINDOW H2.0’
24’
bring out hot air in summer and circulation of air thoughout the year.
34
FACADE DESIGN - SOUTH WWR : GLAZING SYSTEM :
0.53
SHADING SYSTEM : WINDOWS DIMENSIONS :
RS - exterior - light - colored
SHADE DIMENSIONS :
Continuing the ribbon language from east facade, the south facade is the unwanted sunlight in summer and extend natural lighting in winter.
Quad Low Solar Low-E Clear (Air)
W 8’ / 16’ x H 1.5‘/ 2’ / 2.5’ Summer Solstice 12:00 pm
W 0.2’ / 24’ x H 0.2’ / 0.5‘/ 1.5’/ 2‘ x D 0.75’
Winter Solstice 12:00 pm
bringing natural light in without extra heat is critical to this side. The ribbon design is actually doing good for such purpose. Since it uses deep
WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION the way to the end of 60’ range, which would get to the library in reality.
1.75’ INTERIOR
2’
2.5’
1.5’
15’
Winter Solstice 12:00 pm
The whole facade is devided into sections of ribbons, so that the sides of these ribbons can provide some shades for the east or west sunlight in the morning or afternoon. And there are four sections of window strips with windows are taller on the very top and bottom, because they are the main
2.0’
24’
The middle two are mainly for views from inside out. However, because of the short windows, light would be soft enough when they enter the building. 35
FACADE DESIGN Dry Bulb Temperature: 74 F Relative Humidity: 45%
250 110
76Fx110 + 82Fx250 360 = 80F
TMRT =
bulb temperature of 74F and humidity of 45% as an example for this analysis. First of all is to calculate the Mean Radiant Temperature of other datas into this chart to get the psychrometric chart for range of comfort zone, which is good. However, it is on the border. So we may let our users to lower the humidity or temperature by themselves.
36
FACADE DESIGN
ELEVATION-MAIN FACADE DESIGN
South
37
FACADE MATERIALS PROPERTIES & SELECTION
38
WALL DESIGNS
1’ 8 3/8”
1’ 5 3/4”
1’ 3 1/8”
1” Limestone panel
3 5/8” Common brick
3 5/8” Common brick
4” Air cavity
6” Concrete masonry units
8” Concrete masonry units
3/4” Plywood, sheathing grade
4” Air cavity
2” Polystyrene rigid insulation 6” Steel stud with batt insulation
6” Steel stud with batt insulation
Vapor barrier 6” Steel stud with batt insulation 3/4” Gypsum Wall Board
Vapor barrier
Vapor barrier
3/4” Gypsum Wall Board 3/4” Gypsum wall Board
EXTERIOR
1
INTERIOR
Section 1 1/2" = 1'-0"
EXTERIOR
1
INTERIOR
Section 1 1/2" = 1'-0"
EXTERIOR
3
INTERIOR
Section 3 1/2" = 1'-0"
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 3
Type 1 wall is a typical brick and CMU on metal stud wall system. Thicker CMU and air gap are used to increase thermal insulation. However, the wall thickness is increased to almost 20.5”.
Type 2 is a typical brick on metal stud wall system. Plywood is added to this wall since it is much thinner than type one, which is only about 15”.
Instead of having brick as facade cladding, type 3 has 1” limestone panels. And 2” thick rigid insulation is used to replace the 4” air gap. The goal is to have different combination of materials.
39
WALL DESIGN 3 - BEST PERFORMANCE 1’ 5 3/4”
1” Limestone panel
8” Concrete masonry units
2” Polystyrene rigid insulation
R-VALUE
U-VALUE
RA: 0.08 RB : 1.11 RC: 10 RD : 6* RE: 0.675
UA : 12.5 UB : 0.9 UC :0.1 UD : 0.167 UE : 1.48
Rtotal = 17.865
Utotal = 0.056
6” Steel stud with batt insulation
3/4” Gypsum wall Board
3
*1 : Solidgrouted / lightweight CMU *2 : Mineral Fiber with Steel Stud *3 : Metal stud would have half of the nominal R-Value
Section 3 1/2" = 1'-0"
A: 1” limestone panel B: 8” cocrete masonry units C: 2“ polystyrene rigid insulation D: 6” batt insulation in steel stud E: 3/4” Gypsum board
The total area is calculated based on the design of previous assingment. However, it could be analyzed the temperature behavior throuhg unit area. Therefore the calculation for each layer is based on unit area. 40
EXTERIOR = 15F
INTERIOR = 68F
Qtotal = UT x A x (Toutside - Tinside) = 0.056 x Atotal x (15-68) = -2.968A Value of Q =-17564.50 Therefore the direction of heat will be from the interior to the exterior.
68
Temperature (F)
65.987
Value of Q = 2.968 for unit area
48.215
18.535 15.237 15
A
B
EXTERIOR = 95F
C
D
E
LayerAB
TAB - Texterior =
LayerBC
TBC - TAB =
LayerCD
TCD - TBC=
LayerDE
TDE - TCD =
→ TAB = 15°F +
2.968 12.5
= 15.237°F
Q
→ TBC =15.237°F +
2.968 0.9
= 18.535°F
Q
→ TCD = 18.535°F +
2.968 0.1
= 48.215°F
Q
→ TDE = 48.215°F +
2.968 0.167
= 65.987°F
Q
UA A
UB A UC A UD A
Qtotal = UT x A x (Toutside - Tinside) = 0.056 x Atotal x (95-78) =0.952A Value of Q =5633.90 Therefore the direction of heat will be from the exterior to the interior.
INTERIOR = 78F
Value of Q = 0.952A for unit area
95 94.924
Temperature (F)
93.867
84.347
LayerAB
TAB - Texterior =
LayerBC
TBC - TAB =
LayerCD
TCD - TBC=
LayerDE
TDE - TCD =
78.646 78
A
B
C
D
E
→ TAB = 95°F -
0.952 12.5
= 94.924°F
Q
→ TBC = 94.924°F -
0.952 0.9
= 93.867°F
Q
→ TCD = 93.867°F -
0.952 0.1
= 84.347°F
Q
→ TDE = 84.347°F -
0.952 0.167
= 78.646°F
Q
UA A
UB A UC A UD A
41
EXTERIOR GLAZING
The selection is controlled under the condition of 1” insulating, without silk-screening and no argon.
The selection will be VE1-2M, which is based on the evaluation of U-Value for both summer and winter. The lower the U-Value is, the better performance it has for thermal transfer. So that it wil prevent heat from going into the building in summer, and vice versa in winter. Therefore, we have VE1-2M U-Value 0.3 for summer and 0.26 for winter, and they are both the lowest value compared with the others. Also, considering the visible and solar transmittance is relativly high, while the reflectance for exterior and interior is lower, so as to lead to low-glazing for both the outter and inner space.
VE1-2M 1” NSULATING PROFILE :
A: 1/4” clear VE1-2M #2 B: 1/2“ air space C: 1/4“ clear glass 42
WINTER EXTERIOR = 15F
INTERIOR = 68F
Temperature (F)
68
53.52
R-VALUE
U-VALUE
RA: 1.423 RB : 1.0 RC: 0.91
UA: 0.703 UB: 1.0 UC: 1.1
Rtotal = 3.33
Utotal = 0.3
Taking 1 sqft as a unit area,
37.62
Qtotal = UT x A x (Toutside - Tinside) = 0.3 x Atotal x (15 - 68) = -15.9A = -94096.2 15
A
B
C
Therefore the direction of heat will be from the interior to the exterior.
SUMMER EXTERIOR = 95F
INTERIOR = 78F
Temperature (F)
95
86.44
R-VALUE
U-VALUE
RA: 1.936 RB : 1.0 RC: 0.91
UA: 0.516 UB: 1.0 UC: 1.1
Rtotal = 3.846
Utotal = 0.26
Qtotal = UT x A x (Toutside - Tinside) = 0.26 x Atotal x (95 - 78) = 4.42A = 26157.56
82.02
78
A
B
C
B&C:
A&B:
Therefore the direction of heat will be from the exterior to the interior. 43
FINAL ASSEMBLY
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
Line of ceiling
After calculating the thermal transmittance and temperature change between each material in wall assemblies, type 3 wall has the best performance in all aspects. It is about 18” thick, which is still less than our solar shades. It has the largest R value, so the total heat lost by wall is the least in both summer and winter. The section is combining with this wall with VE1-2M glazing into ribbon shading design from previous assignment.
1” Limestone panel 8” Concrete masonry units
1” VE1-2M glass window 2’ deep solar shades 2” Polystyrene rigid insulation 6” Steel stud with batt insulation
Vapor barrier 3/4” Gypsum wall Board
Solar shades beyond
Line of floor
44
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE COOLING I HEATING SYSTEMS
45
SUMMER MASS FLOW RATE: Reception Area # of occupants * CFM *60 * 1/specific volume Lunch Room = 40 * 15 * 60 * 1/ specific volume Restrooms = 36000/ s.v Copy Rooms = 36000/14.2 IT/Server Room = 2535.21 lb/hr Conference Rooms
OUTDOOR AIR POINT 1
Energy Rate (Q) : INDOOR AIR POINT 3 SUPPLY CONDITION 2
mass flow rate * change in enthalpy = 2535.32 x (37.8 - 22.6) = 38536.86 btu/hr
1 OUTDOOR AIR POINT RH: 50% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 14.2 FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 37.8 BTU/LBM
2 SUPPLY CONDITION RH: 82% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 13.2 FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 22.6 BTU/LBM
3 INDOOR AIR POINT : RH: 50% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 13.7 FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 28 BTU/LBM
46
WINTER MASS FLOW RATE: # of occupants * CFM *60 * 1/specific volume = 40 * 15 * 60 *1/ specific volume = 36000/ s.v = 36000/11.75 = 3063.83 lb/hr
Energy Rate (Q) : mass flow rate * change in enthalpy = 3063.83 x (3.5 - 23.5) = -61276.6 but/hr
INDOOR AIR POINT 3
SUPPLY CONDITION 2
OUTDOOR AIR POINT 1
1 OUTDOOR AIR POINT RH: 50% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 11.75FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 3.5 BTU/LBM
2 SUPPLY CONDITION RH: 40% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 13.5 FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 22.6 BTU/LBM
3 INDOOR AIR POINT : RH: 50% SPECIFIC VOLUME : 13.7 FT3/LBM ENTHALPY : 28.2 BTU/LBM
47
FACADE:
SUMMER :
QSUMMER = U X A X T = UWALL X AOPAQUE X T +UGLASS X AGLASS X T = 0.056 X 5920 X ( 89 - 55 ) + 0.3 X 3758 X ( 89 - 55 ) = 11271.68 +38331.6 = 49603.28btu/hr = 14533.76W
WINTER :
QWINTER = U X A X T = UWALL X AOPAQUE X T +UGLASS X AGLASS X T = 0.056 X 5920 X ( 13-70 ) + 0.26 X 3758 X ( 13-70 ) = -18896.64 -55693.56 = -74590.2btu/hr = -21845.93W (Since exterior temperature is lower than interior, heat lost would be 21845.93W.)
SUMMER : WINTER :
PEOPLE:
SOLAR GAINSUMMER : QSUMMER X 130% = 64484.264btu/hr SOLAR GAINWINTER : QWINTER X 100% = 74590.2btu/hr
250btu/hr X 40 = 10000btu/hr =2930W ( SENSIBEL HEAT ) 250btu/hr X 40 = 10000btu/hr = 2930W ( LATENT HEAT )
2
2
2
LIGHTING:
1.5 W/ft X ATOTAL = 1.5 W/ft X 18300ft = 27450 W
EQUIPMENT:
2.0 W/ft X [(120 X 20) + 4570] = 13940 W
2
2
6.0 W/ft X (500 X 2) = 6000 W 2
1.5 W/ft X (1200 X 2) = 3600 W 2
5.0 W/ft X 2000 = 10000 W 2
2.0 W/ft X (18300 - 6970 - 1000 - 2400 - 2000) = 11860 W
No. of occupants = 40 2 TOTAL AREA = 18300 ft 1 btu/hr = 0.293W
TOTAL: 13940 W + 6000 W + 3600 W + 10000 W + 11860 W = 45400 W
INFILTRATION = 0 48
TOTAL COOLING LOAD: SENSIBLE:
LATENT: TOTAL:
TOTAL HEATING LOAD:
TOTAL SENSIBLE SPACE LOAD (Q):
REQUIRED COOLER AIRFLOW:
QSUMMER + STEP1SUMMER + LIGHTING + EQUIPMENT +PEOPEL SENSIBLE = 14533.76W + 11291.3W + 27450W + 45400W + 2930W = 101605.06W PEOPELLATENT = 2930W SENSIBLE + LATENT = 101605.06W + 2930W = 104535.06W
QWINTER + STEP1WINTER = 21845.93W + 17954.04W = 39799.97W
QSUMMER + LIGHTING + EQUIPMENT +PEOPELSENSIBLE = 14533.76W + 27450W + 45400W + 2930W = 90313.76W
Q =90313.76W = 308163.34 btu/hr Q / [1.08 X (75 - 55)] = 308163.34btu/hr x (1hr/60min) / [1.08 X (75 - 55)] = 237.78CFM
49
PASSIVE SYSTEM: EXTERIOR In addition to shading devices, trombe wall is introduced to the south and west side of facade system because these two sides are exposed to the sun in a longer time.
INTERIOR Line of ceiling
Instead of leaving typical walls in between the ribbons, 18” thick thermal mass is used to filled up the gap. Thus, the greenhouse affect would store the solar radiation. Black coating is used on the outter side of the thermal mass, so that it could absorb more radiation. During the night, these thermal mass would release heat into the colder interior like a radiant heater.
DIRECT GAIN FROM GLASS WINDOW (FROM PREVIOUS) 18” THERMAL MASS TO RESTORE HEAT COATING SURFACE
TRANSLUCENT GLASS
Line of floor 50
SPACE AIR AND WATER DISTRIBUTION
51
MECHANICAL SYSTEM DESIGN PUMP BOILER COOLING TOWER CHILLER
RETURN AIR LOUVER
AIR CONDITIONED ROOM
SUPPLY AIR
LOUVER AHU
CIRCULATION DETAILS
The AHU will be designed as decentralized since it could
The central chiller plant is selected because the central system comfort condition. It could serve several space, which means
4’ 14’
the rooftop for the central control.
52
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOMS
SUPPLY DUCT RETURN DUCT
RETURN HOT WATER PIPE SUPPLY HOT WATER PIPE RETURN CONDENSER WATER PIPE SUPPLY CONSDENSER WATER PIPE AIR HANDLING UNIT
LOUVER
MECHANICAL ROOM
The mechanical room is designed to be in the east since there is ventilation on that side. Also, placing in the corner and next to the copy room will possibly reduce the noise coming from mechanical room to working area. 53
ROOM SENSIBLE COOLING LOAD
NORTH ZONE (1)
1800 500
300 300
WEST ZONE (1.5) 300
430
115
300 300
600
1500
300
400
875
CENTER ZONE (1)
300
725 75
625
300
600
100
75
400
2250
100
280
500
CALCULATION : AREA x PEAK SPACE ARIFLOW PER AREA Offices 1 (WEST) : 200 ft2 x 1.5 CFM/ft2 = 300 CFM Offices 2 (SOUTH): 200 ft2 x 2 CFM/ft2 = 400 CFM Offices 3 (EAST): 200 ft2 x 2.5 CFM/ft2 = 500 CFM Offices 4 (CENTER): 150 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 75 CFM / 200 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 100 CFM Open Office : 4500 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 2,250 CFM Library and Open Are : 3000 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 1,500 CFM
500 500
EAST ZONE (2.5)
450
SOUTH ZONE (2)
400
Conference Room 1: 1200 ft x 0.5 CFM/ft = 600 CFM Conference Toom 2: 500 ft2 x 1.0 CFM/ft2 + 750 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 875 CFM Lunch Room: 600ft2 x 1.0 CFM/ft2 + 500 ft2 x 1.5 CFM/ft2 + 900 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 1,800 CFM Copy Room 1: 350 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 + 225 ft2 x 2.0 CFM/ft2 = 625 CFM Copy Room 2: 375 ft2 x 1 CFM/ft2 + 175 ft2 x 2.0 CFM/ft2 = 725 CFM IT Room: 360 ft2 x 1.0 CFM/ft2 + 280 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 500 CFM Restrooms: 230 ft2 x 0.5 CFM/ft2 = 115 CFM Reception Area: 430 ft2 x 1.0 CFM/ft2 = 430 CFM 2
2
54
DUCT SIZING - THERMAL ZONE
DUCT SYSTEM
SERVICE AREA VAV BOX GRILLE MAIN DUCT RETURN SUPPY
OFFICE AREA B
2
3
MECHANICAL ROOM
1 4
The overall layout of ductwork is divided in four choose ML-37 as linear supply grilles and 350FL as returns. Especially, supply grilles are designed for cold
OFFICE AREA A OFFICE AREA C
and returns are located according to the layout of desk, so that people would have fresh and cold air near their desk. 55
DUCT SIZEING - CALCULATION
CFM
NC
Supply FPM
WIDTH = (CFM / FPM ) x 144 / DESIRED HEIGHT
Return FPM
Supply Duct Width
Return Duct Width
Main Supply Duct Width Main Return Duct Witdth Desired Height
Office Area A Conference Room
875
35
600
700
26.25
22.5
8
Copy Room
600
40
720
840
20
17.14285714
6
Closed Office
500
35
600
700
20
17.14285714
6
Closed Office
500
35
600
700
20
17.14285714
6
Closed Office
500
35
600
700
20
17.14285714
6
Closed Office
450
35
600
700
18
15.42857143
6
Closed Office
400
35
600
700
16
13.71428571
6
Closed Office
100
35
600
700
6
3.428571429
4
Closed Office
100
35
600
700
6
3.428571429
Total
4025
1250
1300
4 38.64
37.15384615
12
1
Service Area Reception
430
35
600
700
17.2
14.74285714
6
RestRoom
115
40
720
840
3.833333333
3.285714286
4
IT Room
500
40
720
840
16.66666667
14.28571429
Restaurant
1800
40
720
840
Total
5070
1200
1380
6 14 43.5175
37.84130435
14
Extension of Main Duct
2
Office Area B Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
300
35
600
700
12
10.28571429
6
Closed Office
400
35
600
700
16
13.71428571
6
Closed Office
400
35
600
700
16
13.71428571
6
Closed Office
280
35
600
700
11.2
9.6
6
Closed Office
75
35
600
700
3
2.571428571
4
Closed Office
75
35
600
700
3
2.571428571
4
Conference Room
600
35
600
700
24
20.57142857
6
Copy Room
625
40
720
840
20.83333333
17.85714286
Total
4855
1250
1300
6 46.608
44.81538462
12
36
34.61538462
12
3
Office Area C Open Office
2250
35
600
700
Library
1500
30
500
600
Grille
288.46
35
600
700
Total
3750
1250
1300
11.5384
9.890057143
6
4
UNIT : INCHES
56
FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR Using 12’ as typical ceiling height for this building, we have approximately 4’ for structures and duct works and ceiling construction package.
6”CONCRETE SLAB WITH METAL DECKING W14 BEAM SPRAY ON FIREPROOFING SUPPLY DUCT
RETURN DUCT SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING & OTHERS 2’ x 2’ STUD MOUNTED DRYWALL
TIE TO BEAM LIGHT FIXTURE
57
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
58
PANEL 1 COVERAGE
POLE LAYOUT PP-1 /12
12
FOR OVEN PP-1 /10
FOR TOASTER & COFFEE MAKER FOR REFRIGERATOR
PP-1 /6,8
12
GF
CI
GF CI
CI
PP-1 /2
GF
CI
PP-1 /1
The main wires would run in the ceiling, and run through solid walls to reach out the receptacles. For the conferences, wires would run from ceiling to floor through a solid wall, then run under floor finish to reach the receptacles in the middle of the room.
PP-1 /14
12
1
FOR MICROWAVE
PP-1 /4
GF
Each color code typically represents load of each pole. And if there are poles have the same load and serve the same programs, they would have the same color code. For instance, three poles are used to serve 9 offices on the west side of the building; and two poles are needed for the center open office areas.
14 12
1
14
PP-1 /3
2
14
1
1
GF CI
1
SECURITY PANEL 120V
14
3 3 3
11 PANEL 1
PP-1 /16,18,20 CPU-1 208V 3P3W
LINE OF CLEARANCE 11
PP-2 /2
2
GF CI
11
2
MECHANICAL / ELECTRICAL ROOM AHU-1 208V 3P3W PP-2 /6,8,10 VAVCONTROL PANEL 120V
2 2
4
11 4
2 3 PP-1 /5
4
3 5
11
13
PP-1 /7 7
5
13 7
9
5
9 9 9 9
4 7
PP-1 /11
7
5
11
PP-1 /9
PP-2 /11
PANEL 2
1
5
5
5
PP-2 /7
1
11 11 PP-2 /5 3
9
3
9 9
500W X 3 = 1500W
KITCHEN (6 POLES TOTAL): 1 FOR EACH APPLIANCE + 1 FOR RECEPTICLES
ONE OFFICE + ONE PRINTING ROOM:
360W X 5 = 1800W
CONFERENCE ROOM:
IT ROOM (3 POLES TOTAL): 3 FOR UPS + 1 FOR RECEPTICLES
PP-2 /1 PP-2 /3
3
PP-2 /9
THREE OFFICES:
PANEL 2 COVERAGE
1
5
13 5
11
4
7
LINE OF CLEARANCE
13
11
PP-2 /4 7
PP-2 /13
13
7
5
7
3 3 9
9
500W + 250W X 2 + 250W X 2 = 1500W
180W X 2 + 360W X 4 = 1800W
6 OPEN OFFICE STATION:
360W X 5 = 1800W
2 OFFICE + 2 WALL OUTLETS FOR HALLWAY :
BATHROOM + HALLWAY+ RECEPTION + SECURITY:
1 OFFICE + 4 OPEN OFFICE STATION :
MECHANICAL/ ELECTRICAL ROOM (4 POLES TOTAL) : 3 FOR AHU + 1 FOR VAV AND RECEPTICLES
(360W + 180W) X 6 = 1920W
500W X 2 + 360W X 2 = 1720W
500W + (360W + 180W) X 4 = 1780W
360W X 4 + 180W X 2 + 100W = 1860W
100W + 360W X 5 = 1900W
59
PANEL 1 SCHEDULE SHEET The values in the sheets are organized based on the pole layout.
PANELBOARD:
PP-#
LOCATION:
X SURFACE
MAINS:
MCB
VOLTAGE:
208
ENCL. NEMA: CB
NONE
MCB:
1
AMPS:
125
GROUNDS?
BRANCH CIRCUIT
225
PHASE:
Y
MIN. A.I.C.: 10,000
3
WIRES:
4
CU
NOTES: X CB
BRANCH CIRCUIT
EQ. CON. No.
--
0
1.5
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
1
A
2
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.6
1
2
6
0
KITCHEN - MICROWAVE
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
3
B
4
2#1
1#6
1-1/4"
125
9.9
1
2
7
0
KITCHEN - RECEPTACLE
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
5
C
6
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
---
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
7
A
8
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
---
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
9
B
10
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
---
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.8
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
11
C
12
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
---
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
13
A
14
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.8
1
2
7
0
IT ROOM - RECEPTACLE
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
15
B
16
3#10
1#10
3/4"
30
7.5
3
3
7
0
UPS
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
17
C
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
0
---
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
19
A
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
0
---
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
21
B
22
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
23
C
24
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
25
A
26
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
27
B
28
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
29
C
30
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
31
A
32
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
33
B
34
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
35
C
36
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
37
A
38
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
39
B
40
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
41
C
42
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
SPARE
A
kW
P W
TA
WIRE
GRD
C.
GRD
C.
TA
kW
P W
TYPE
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
ALERTS
POLE
WIRE
ELECTRICAL LOAD
TYPE
POLE
EQ. CON. No.
XFMR:
PHASE
MOUNTING:
3
ELECTRICAL LOAD A
ALERTS
--
SPARE
---
60
PANEL 2 SCHEDULE SHEET
PANELBOARD:
PP-#
LOCATION:
X SURFACE
MCB 208
ENCL. NEMA:
NONE
MCB:
1
AMPS:
60
GROUNDS?
Y
100
MIN. A.I.C.: 10,000
3
WIRES:
4
CB
EQ. CON. No.
TA
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
1
A
2
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.9
1
2
6
0
SERVICE AREA - RECEPTACLE
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.5
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
3
B
4
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.9
1
2
7
0
MECHANICAL - RECEPTACLE
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.7
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
5
C
6
3#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.6
3
3
4
0
AHU
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.8
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
7
A
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
0
---
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.8
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
9
B
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
0
---
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.9
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
11
C
12
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
WORKSTATION - RECEPTACLE
--
0
1.9
1
2
1
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
13
A
14
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
1.8
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
15
B
16
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
7.5
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
17
C
18
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
19
A
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
21
B
22
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
23
C
24
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
25
A
26
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
27
B
28
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
29
C
30
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
31
A
32
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
33
B
34
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
35
C
36
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
37
A
38
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
39
B
40
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
--
0
0.0
1
2
7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
41
C
42
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1
2
7
0
X
--
ELECTRICAL LOAD
SPARE
ALERTS
A
kW
P W
WIRE
GRD
C.
CU
NOTES: X
BRANCH CIRCUIT POLE
BRANCH CIRCUIT
PHASE:
PHASE
CB
XFMR:
POLE
EQ. CON. No.
MAINS: VOLTAGE:
TYPE
MOUNTING:
3
ELECTRICAL LOAD
A
SPARE
ALERTS
---
61
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
62
!"#$%&
New York : Zone 4 Floor Area : 18,580 sqft
EUI
: 69.3 kBTU/sqft-year : 1,287,594 kBTU/year : 377,265 kWh/year (1BTU = 0.293 Wh)
63
Capacity : (5000 / 377) * 4k = 53.05 kW Annual Energy Production : 71,428 kWh
Annual Energy Productio n - PV Array Provides :(71,428 / 377.265 ) * 100% = 18.9% CBECS 100% - 18.9% = 81.1% to reach the 100% of annual energy demand
productivity. Additionally, the installation of this PV array takes large area which is 5,000 sf in this exercise and it is not recommended to install this in the New York area, because New York is occupied with buildings densely and it can cost high to install it in New York. 64
LIGHTING SYSTEM
65
LIGHTING SYSTEM LAYOUT
PANEL 1 COVERAGE
Reflective light always works better in office area. So 202 2XT8 WHITE PERFED BAFFLE 0UP1D -PHOT is used over all working stations. 2T8TOPBLANK is used in “hallway” in between these stations to give a more spot light effect, as well as break down the space into smaller segments visually. Since the lights are grouped accroding to the working stations below, each group of them is controlled by the same switch. So that no extra light would be wasted if not everybody is in the room.
PANEL 2 COVERAGE
63 Pieces
PROJECT: 202 2XT8 WHITE PERFED BAFFLE 0UP1D -PHOT Article No.: Luminous flux (Luminaire): 4529 lm Luminous flux (Lamps): 5800 lm Luminaire Wattage: 78.0 W Luminaire classification according to CIE: 27 CIE flux code: 61 86 97 27 78 Fitting: 2 x User defined (Correction Factor 1.000).
66
Sa
Sb
LP-2-2
LP-1-1 L-1
L-1
1a L-1 1 a
L-1 1 a L-1
L-1 L-1 1 a
L-1 1 a L-1
L-1
1a L-1 1 a
L-1 1 a L-1
L-1 L-1 1 a
L-1 1 a L-1
1a
1a L-1 1 a
L-2 4 d
L-1 1 a
L-2 2c
L-2 2 c
L-2 6e
L-2 2 c L-2 2c L-2 4d
L-2 4 d L-1
d e
L-2 2 c
1a
1a
c
L-2 2c
1a
L-2 6 e
L-2 2c
L-2 2 c
1a
1a
LP-1-3
L-2 2c
1a
LP-2-6
6e L-2 4 d L-2
L-2
L-2
L-2 6 e
L-2
L-2 2c
4d
L-2 6 e
6e
L-2 6 e L-2 6 e
L-2 4 d
4d LP-2-4
67
LIGHTING DIAGRAM
Room 1 / Workplane / Greyscale (E)
Scale 1 : 245 Height of Room: 10.000 ft, Mounting Height: 9.000 ft, Light loss factor: 0.80 Values in Footcandles,
Workplane: Height: 3.000 ft Grid: 128 x 128 Points Boundary Zone: 0.000 ft Illuminance Quotient (according to LG7): Walls /Working Plane: 0.661, Ceiling / Working Plane: 1.065.
p[%]
Eav[fc]
Emin[fc]
Emax[fc]
u0
/
33
17
45
0.510
Floor
20
31
19
38
0.610
Ceiling
80
35
6.02
293
0.173
Walls(8)
50
20
11
689
/
Surface Workplane
68
PANELBOARD:
LP-1
LOCATION:
X
MAINS: MCB 3Φ VOLTAGE:
MOUNTING:
SURFACE
MCB:
1
60
GROUNDS?
Y
100
PHASE:
3
MIN. A.I.C.: 10,000 WIRES:
4
CB
PHASE
WIRE
TYPE
EQ. CON. No.
TA
A
WORKSPACE - OPEN OFFICE
--
0
0.8
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
1
A
2
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
x
--
WORKSPACE - OPEN OFFICE
--
0
0.8
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
3
B
4
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
5
C
6
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
7
A
8
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
9
B
10
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
11
C
12
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
13
A
14
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
15
B
16
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
17
C
18
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
19
A
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
21
B
22
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
23
C
24
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
25
A
26
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
27
B
28
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
29
C
30
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
31
A
32
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
33
B
34
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
35
C
36
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
37
A
38
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
39
B
40
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
41
C
42
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
AMPS:
100
PHASE:
3
MOUNTING:
ELECTRICAL LOAD
GRD
C.
MAINS: MCB 3Φ VOLTAGE:
SURFACE EQ. CON. No.
WIRE
ENCL. NEMA: CB
ALERTS
A
kW
P W
TA
XFMR:
208
GROUNDS?
GRD
C.
TA
kW
P W
60
BRANCH CIRCUIT WIRE
C.
NONE
MCB:
1
GRD
PANEL LOAD
Y
ALERTS
Panel 1
WIRES:
4
CU
NOTES: X
BRANCH CIRCUIT WIRE
ELECTRICAL LOAD
MIN. A.I.C.: 10,000
GRD
C.
CB TA
kW
P W
TYPE
X
P W
POLE
LOCATION:
kW
PHASE
LP-2
A
POLE
PANELBOARD:
ALERTS
TYPE
ELECTRICAL LOAD
CU
NOTES: X
BRANCH CIRCUIT POLE
BRANCH CIRCUIT
AMPS:
POLE
CB
208
NONE
TYPE
EQ. CON. No.
ENCL. NEMA:
XFMR:
ELECTRICAL LOAD
A
EQ. CON. No.
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
1
A
2
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.8
1 2 7
0
WORKSPACE - OPEN OFFICE
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
3
B
4
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.5
1 2 7
0
WORKSPACE - OPEN OFFICE
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
5
C
6
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.6
1 2 7
0
WORKSPACE - OPEN OFFICE
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
7
A
8
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
9
B
10
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
11
C
12
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
13
A
14
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
15
B
16
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
17
C
18
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
19
A
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
21
B
22
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
23
C
24
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
---
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
25
A
26
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
27
B
28
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
29
C
30
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
31
A
32
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
33
B
34
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
35
C
36
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
37
A
38
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
39
B
40
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
X
--
0
0.0
1 2 7
20
2#12
1#12
3/4"
41
C
42
2#12
1#12
3/4"
20
0.0
1 2 7
0
X
--
ALERTS
69
Panel 2
WATER MANAGEMENT AND PLUMBING SYSTEM
70
ROOF PLAN
MAIN WHOLE FROM STREET
This roof is large in size, so it is divided into six areas to drain storm water more effectively. Elevator bulkhead is sloped toward one side to take storm water to the main roof.
OVER FLOW GOING TO STREET FROM GREY WATER FILTER SYSTEM
The drains are mainly located along the south and north sides of the building, while there is only one exterior solid wall on the north. So pipes are needed to connect these drains and direct them all the north side. All of the water would be directed to a greywater filter system in basement. And in case of extra runoff during rain season or so, there is a Overflow pipe which could bring such runoff to the city sewer from this system directly.
SL
OP
SL
E
OP
SLOPE DOWN
E
SL
OP
OP E
E
SL
OP
SL
E
SL
OP
ELEVATOR AND STAIR BULKHEAD
E
SL
OP
E
E
PIPES TO GREYWATER FILTER SYSTEM OP
SL
SL
OP
E
SL
OP
E
SL
OP
E
SL
OP
E
E
OP
E E
SL
SL
OP
OP
SL
SL
OP
E
SL
OP
E
SL
OP
OP
SL
SL
E
E
PE OP
SL O
SL
OP
E
E
SL
OP
SL
OP
E
SL O
PE
SL
OP
E
E
SL
OP
SL
OP
E
E
ROOF DRAIN AND OVERFLOW DRAIN
71
PLUMBING PLAN BATHROOM Since there were less than 50 people occupying the floor, only two water closets and one lavatories are required. However, considering for the different uses between man vs. female and ADAs, we offer two water closets and two lavatories for both men’s bathroom and female’s bathroom. All the main pipes are running along the north wall as the roof drainage pipes, and then split into branches and run along the back of circulation core to serve the bathrooms.
FILTERED WATER GREY WATER BLACK WATER
RE
F.
72
WALL DEPTH ANALYSIS Single Water Closet in Stud Wall : Typical depth of the wall = 15” - 16”, assuming 15.75” with the clear space = 8.5”
15.75”
RESTROOM
8.5”
from wall face to face
clear space
15.75”
8.5” nipple coupling
GFCI
15.75” From the research, the diameter for a typical pipe would be estimated as 4”, and we cluster them together. Therefore, the clear space is assumed to be 8.5” for a bigger pipe to go through but still leave a reasonable space in case there is other needs. We add a stud wall next to the wall of elevator, and apply the same strategies also into the kitchen. The sink in kitchen is modified into the place next to the north wall, so the pipe could be installed inside the wall instead.
RESTAURANT
8.5” 73
ELEVATIONPIPING DETAIL Facing North
Facing West
The rooftop is designed with curverture for water to flow into the drain.
N
E
Incoming Portable Water
The elevation shows the pipeing layout of the sink, toilet and the drains from the roof top. The route will start from the fresh water provided by the city, and then used for the sinks. The rain water and grey water will be processed by the grey water filter system for toilets. The black water will then flow into the city sewer system.
This elevation mainly focuses on the layout of the drains from rooftop all the way to the ground. Each drain set would join together into a bigger pipe on the roof level, and then run in to the north wall, and then they travel down to the grey water filter system in basement.
The pipes that are travelled horizontally are designed with a slope.
The reason of offsetting to the north wall is that it is the only wall that is not curtain wall. Therefore, we could install the pipes inside the north wall for aesthetic reason, and also easy for later maintainence.
Sewer to the street 1’
Grey Water Filter System Black Water Tank
1/2�
74
EGRESS, LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS AND FIRE PROTECTION
75
STAIRWAY DESIGN
WALKABLE DISTANCE
56” 48” min
48” min
96
” 40’-0 B=1
De = 3 ad E 3’- nd 0” B
Trave l Dista nce
Tra ve l
Di
sta
nc eA
=1
30
’-0
”
De = 2 ad E 4’- nd 0” A
60
”
”
48” min
3’4”
30” x 48”min
According to IBC, at least two means of egress are needed for our building with the there was only one existing in the building, another stair well is introduced to meet the requirement.
Stairs are designed to meet the minimum requirement of the code, with extra care of being ADA accessable.
REFERENCE : IBC 2015, SECTION 1007.6, 1005 & 1104.7
76
WALL SECTION typical interior wall is not required instead. Therefore we assume the use of three layers (both sides) of gypsum board for stair wall and two layers for interior wall.
4 7/8”
5 1/2”
3 5/8” STEEL STUD
3 5/8” STEEL STUD
2 LAYERS 5/8” FIRE-SHIELD
3 LAYERS 5/8” FIRE-SHIELD
GYPSUM BOARD
GYPSUM BOARD
SCALE 11/2” = 1’ - 0”
SCALE 11/2” = 1’ - 0”
TYPICAL INTERIOR WALL SECTION (2 HOURS FIRE PROOF RATING)
EMERGENCY STAIR WALL SECTION (3 HOURS FIRE PROOF RATING) 77
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM located right next to the entrances of the stair wells.
en, and bathrooms. And the ones in printing room, IT room, and MEP room are 96” AFF for more clearance from the machines.
alarms to free up the space. Since we have 11’ ceiling height, all the ceiling mounted alarms have to be the ones designed for 20’ maximum ceiling height.
60 95
15
15
15
30 15
15 80
45
80
30
15 80 15 15
80
30
15 30
60 15
15
15
80
15
15
60
15
15 11
5
GRADIENT GUIDE
78
SPRINKLER SYSTEM Basically, there two sprinkler systems applied to this
and the pipes are spreading out from these two places. Pipes get smaller and smaller from the start to the end of each run. And horizontal extensions are needed sometimes for more coverage.
light hazard sprinkler system, and the MEP room requires ordinary hazard sprinkler system. And their 1”
1” 1 1/2”
1”
2”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
2” 1 1/2”
1 1/2”
1 1/2” 3”
2” 2”
2”
2”
2”
2 1/2”
2 1/2”
3”
2 1/2” 1 1/2”
1”
2 1/2”
2 1/2”
1”
2 1/2”
1 1/2”
1” 2 1/2”
2 1/2”
2 1/2”
2”
2”
1 1/2”
1”
2 1/2” 2 1/2”
3”
2”
3 1/2”
1”
1 1/2”
2 1/2”
2”
1 1/2”
1”
2” FIRE PUMP
1” 1 1/2” 1”
LIGHT HAZARD SPRINKLER SYSTEM ORDINARY HAZARD SPRINKLER SYSTEM
79
FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR All the pipes for sprinklers are running above ceiling, in between the ducts and drop ceiling
alarm for more clearance underneath.
achieve a better look from underneath.
5’
CEILING MOUNTED FIRE SPRINKLER FIRE ALARM HOURN/ STROBE COMBINATION
1”D PIPE
F I R E
11’
FIRE SPRINKLER
3”D PIPE
WALL MOUNTED FIRE ALARM HOURN/ STROBE COMBINATION
ELECTRICAL WIRING INSIDE WALL
80”
80
FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR Some sprinklers are connected to the main pipes directly without any horrizontal extensions in the
to achieve a better look.
2”D PIPE
CEILING MOUNTED FIRE ALARM HOURN/ STROBE COMBINATION
FIRE SPRINKLER
11’
RECEPTACLES ON PARTITION WALL
81 ELECTRICAL WIRING INSIDE FLOORING
SIMPLE PAYBACK ANALYSIS
82
FACADE INFORMATION DESIGNED WALL
1’ 5 3/4”
1’ 1” Limestone panel
2.5’ 8” Concrete masonry units
2” Polystyrene rigid insulation
15’
1.5’
6” Steel stud with batt insulation
2.0’
3/4” Gypsum wall Board
Facade
shade sqft
24’
Facade
shade
ft
East
1457
1283.1
West
2223
908.6
South
3063
588
Total
6743
2779.7
1" limeston panel
59.46
8" CMU
34.83
East
1457
1283.1
2" polystyrene rigid insulation
32.33
West
2223
908.6
6" batt insulation in steel stud
34.23
South
3063
588
Total
6743
2779.7
sqft
ft
3/4" gypsum board
23.5 184.35
1" limeston panel
59.46
8" CMU
34.83
opqaue
3371.5
3169.21
2" polystyrene rigid insulation
32.33
glazed
3371.5
3573.79
6" batt insulation in steel stud
34.23
322483.975
584243.8635
60687
64328.22
3/4" gypsum board
CONSTRUCTOR
23.5
step 1
184.35
opqaue glazed
CONSTRUCTOR
ECO GO!
ECO GO!
opqaue
3371.5
3169.21
glazed
3371.5
3573.79
shade 1'
208477 383170.975
857049.0835
83
sqft
ft
East
1457
1283.1
West
2223
908.6
South COST OF FACADE ASSEMBLY 3063 588COST THE AND ENERGY Total 6743 2779.7 CAMPARISON 1" limeston panel
59.46
8" CMU
34.83
6" batt insulation in steel stud
34.23
For constructor’s proposal 1, the valid facade area is32.33 : 2" polystyrene rigid insulation Opaque Area: 6743 * 0.5 = 3371.5 sqft 3/4" gypsum board Glazed Area: 6743 * 0.5 = 3371.5 sqft CONSTRUCTOR
23.5 184.35 ECO GO!
opqaue
3371.5
3169.21
glazed
3371.5
3573.79
322483.975
584243.8635
60687
64328.22
step 1 opqaue glazed shade 1'
Formular: area of opaque x $95.65 = construction cost area of glazed x $18 = construction cost
208477 383170.975
857049.0835
step 2 CONSTRUCTOR summer
ECO GO!
225823.07
42486.83384
winter
378585.735
63079.68612
Summer: U value (walls) x area of opaque x (temperature changes) + U value (windows) x area of windows x (temperature changes)
annual - cooling
270987684
50984200.61
Winter: U value (walls) x area of opaque x (temperature changes) + U value (windows) x area of opaque x (temperature changes)
annual -heating
454302882
75695623.34
Annual heating load: peak heating load (btu/h) in winter* 8 hours (h)* 150 days Annual cooling load: peak cooling load (btu/h) in summer* 8 hours (h)* 150 days Heating energy cost = ( annual heating load / million btu ) x $2.50 Cooling energy cost = (annual cooling load / 3,4112 btu) x $0.21
84
step 2 glazed
60687
64328.22
383170.975
857049.0835
shade 1'
CONSTRUCTOR
208477
ENERGY PAYBACK CALCULATION
summer
ECO GO!
225823.07
42486.83384
winter
378585.735
63079.68612
annual - cooling
270987684
Facade
annual -heating
sqft 50984200.61 East
454302882
West
step 2 CONSTRUCTOR summer winter annual - cooling annual -heating
ECO GO!
225823.07
42486.83384
378585.735
63079.68612
270987684 454302882
50984200.61 75695623.34
Facade
2223
South
3063
Total
6743
1" limeston panel
shade sqft
1457
75695623.34
8" CMU
ft
East
1457
1283.1
2" polystyrene rigid insulation
West
2223
908.6
6" batt insulation in steel stud
South
3063
588
Total
6743
2779.7
3/4" gypsum board
1" limeston panel
59.46
8" CMU
34.83
opqaue
3371.5
2" polystyrene rigid insulation
32.33
glazed
3371.5
6" batt insulation in steel stud
34.23
3/4" gypsum board
CONSTRUCTOR
23.5
step 1
184.35
opqaue
322483.975
glazed CONSTRUCTOR
ECO GO!
opqaue
3371.5
3169.21
glazed
3371.5
3573.79
322483.975
584243.8635
60687
64328.22
60687
shade 1' 383170.975
step 1 opqaue glazed shade 1'
208477
383170.975 DISCUSSION OF ADDITIONAL POINTS857049.0835
step 2 CONSTRUCTOR summer winter annual - cooling
-heatingto our wall The constructution cost in walls is lower in the proposal by the contractor annual comparing stepbecause 2 system, our wall has high cost in the materials. However, low U value of walls in the contracCONSTRUCTOR
summer
225823.07
225823.07 378585.735 270987684 454302882
ECO GO!
42486.83384
winter helps us to understand 378585.735 This excise the cost of construction of63079.68612 walls ,and our design is really high price annual - cooling 270987684 50984200.61 the contractor. So we also think to subtitute some construction materials like limestone panels to annual -heating 454302882 75695623.34 reduce construction cost. Even though U value will be increaseing, but it would not be less than 33 years to have payback in energy cost.
Additional approach is to use our wall systems, because construction cost is rising year by year. So it future. Also it would be good idea to save energy and protect environment.
85
CONCLUSION
Following step by step to design a building from the exterior facade all the way to the various systems embeded in the building, we learnt and practice to design a green building. and compare the performance of them. After we picked the one with the best performance, we apply the design into the actual building. And then, we start to design the layout of the for the interior by various passive strategies. Ribbon like shading and trombe wall were introduced to the exterior walls to achieve our goal. As we move to the MEP systems, we learnt the amount of space these systems need to keep the building running. And since we use decentralized systems with local controls for almost every system, installation and maintenance fee are expected to be really high. However, because they would save money, we will have our pay back in about 30 years. One thing we regret that we did not plan ahead was the egress. We were given one stair well problem when we install another stair well into the project. They were either too close, or did hallways ahead before planning for rooms and programs. After all, we learn that it is not easy to make a building green. Every little change may create more expensive then the regular ones. And this is not the only part. However, it is still worth in a long term, but also help to save the world environment. For which, made this project successful.
86