MArch 2 l Thesis Design : Bee City & Honey Production Centre l 2019

University of Portsmouth

BEE CITY Welbourne, Hampshire 405 Thesis Design MArch 2 UP 875035 Ideal Cities 2.0

Table of Content

1 Introduction 2 Thesis Question 3 Design Investigation 4 Site Information 5 The Big Ambition 6 Bee City Masterplan 7 Honey Production Centre 8 Conclusion

Bee City_Welbourne_Final Portfolio_405 Thesis Design_UP 875035

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MArch 2_ University of Portsmouth

INTRODUCTION MArch 2_ University of Portsmouth

Bee City_Welbourne_Final Portfolio_405 Thesis Design_UP 875035

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“If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, then man would have only four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man.�

- Albert Einstein

THESIS QUESTION

SO, WHAT’S KILLING OUR BEES?

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As urban designers, we are responsible to design urban environment which is suitable for both human and nature.

The question is, How?

DESIGN INVESTIGATION

DESIGN INVESTIGATION In order to answer the thesis question, First, we need to know more about fundamental elements of our important insect friends. How they lives, behaves seasonally, colony structures, etc.

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Based from this diagram, we can speculate that both species are actually quite similar in term of basic needs; food, water, social belongings, shelter, as well as our need for green landscape.

For human, green landscape is vital for our general health. It serves as breathing space for city dwellers and purify air in cities. As for our friend, green landscape is vital for their survival as it is a food ground for them.

GREEN LANDSCAPE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE DESIGN EXPLORATION FOR THIS PROJECT. Based on this study,

Next, as the aim of the project is to achieve positive urbanisation through symbiotic relationship between human and bees, we need to investigate how these two species can take care of each other.

Ultimately, Human must design landscape that has large variety of trees and wild flowers, so that bees will have healthy food sources. In return, they will continue to strive as the important pollinator of our world.

A series of building programmes are suggested based on the previous study. These suggested programmes are listed as they are closely related to the main topic and project aim.

SITE INFORMATION

SITE INFORMATION Site is located at the north of Fareham, in Lyra Town, Welbourne.

Key Map pg 16

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Location Plan N.T.S

Site is located in District 4 of Lyra Town.

Site Plan N.T.S

Site Overview Site is located in the heart of District 4 of Lyra Town. It is surrounded by city blocks with green spaces and water body wrapping the outer ring of the district.

Site Analysis 1) Sun Path & Prominent Wind

2) Mixed Use Development

3) Blue and Greenscapes

The orientation of the whole masterplan is designed The surrounding development is dedicated as mixed The site is mostly surrounded with green spaces and face mainly towards south - to maximise heat gain, use development of residential, commercial, offices in close proximity with water body along the northern While prominent wind comes from south west direction. and other relevant uses. A wind farm is located at part of the site.

South East outer part of the site.

4) Pedestrian Access

5) Transportation

6) Building Height

The site is easily accessible for pedestrian as it is located at the district centre.

Green transportation is designed to circulate within All the future developments are restricted to 15-20 the inner part of the district while private and non meters maximum building height. green vehicles road are dedicated around the rim of the district.

THE BIG AMBITION

The Big Ambition

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The Big Ambition “ Architecture is a human act that invades and displaces the natural ecosystem. Biological order is destroyed every time we clear native plant growth and erect buildings and infrastructure.

The goal of architecture is to create structures to house humans and their activities. Humans are parts of the earth’s ecosystem, even though we tend to forget that. “ (Salingaros, 2013) Phase 1 : Masterplan level

Phase 2 : Districts level

The main problem regarding bee extinction is when nature is neglected when designing cities or buildings. Thus, in order to avoid the said problem, the proposed masterplan is to be design with a theoretical basis that starts with the natural ecosystem (Salingaros, 2013). This thinking of nature will be the fundamental core of the project and help the project to achieve the goal of creating positive urban environment for both human and bees. The diagram above shows the ultimate plan to enhance population of bees through a scheme called “ Bee Swarming Scheme”, whereby a series of platform, known as “Bee tower” and green linkages, known as “Green Path” are strategically plan and place in which, both elements are designed to enable bees swarming to new habitats, safe and smoothly.

Salingaros, N. (2013). Unified Architectural Theory: Form, Language, Complexity : A Companion to Christopher Alexander’s “The Phenomenon of Life - The Nature of Order, Book 1”. Vajra Books.

Phase 3 : City level

Phase 4 : Intercity level

BEE CITY

BEE CITY MASTERPLAN Masterplan Scale MArch 2_ University of Portsmouth

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Masterplan Idea 1) Masterplan For Human And Bees

2) Central of District

Using the site central location as it is easily accessible The big masterplan idea is to create an ideal Environment for human and nature, particularly, bees. for human and best place to test the idea of symbiotic relationship between human and bees.

4) Connecting District Edges

5) Lines of Force

The idea of connecting the site with district edges and The connecting lines produced an interesting node on unite these green spaces as one, giving continuity in the site. This node has the potential to be a landmark and focal point for the whole district. term of pedestrian and nature flow.

3) Related Programmes

Proposed programs for the development would be a mixed use development of recreational park, bee farming, honey factory, research center, bee farm, urban farming and related public facilities.

6) Point of Bee Growth

Apart from landmark and district focal point, the node is also assigned to be the point where bee colony would starts to grow and starts expanding outside of the district, over the time, benefiting other areas.

Bee Swarming Scheme

*Concept Section

Bee Tower

Precedent Bee Skyscaper by Boston University

Bee Tower, is a vertical bee farming component which maximise allocation of bee hives using smaller footprint as compare to typical bee farm. There will be a lift system which enables hives to be suspended during summer time and lowered down for cultivation. The verticality of the tower also act as a safe buffer zone between human and the bee hives.

Green Path

Green Path is a plan to connect the site with district edges in which the path enable bees to seamlessly swarm or migrate to another bee tower. This green path also act as breathing space in between city blocks, inviting both human and nature to use the space.

Bee City Programmes Bee City is a mixed used development that includes Honey Production Centre, Research Centre, Urban Farming, Community Bee Keeping Centre, Recreational Park and relevant public facilities.

These programmes are proposed as each of the elements has its own benefits towards both human and bees, which ultimately, helps in achieving the design goal of the project.

*Development 3D model

Masterplan

1 Honey Factory Centre 2 Research Center 3 Community Bee Keeping Centre

4 Public Facilities 5 Urban Farming Facilities 6 Connecting Bridge To Neighboring Building

7 Green Path

Seasonal Flowers Types

Meadow Cranesbill, Oxeye Daisies, Borage, Lilac, Hyacinth, etc.

Vegetation Strategy Bee City project will aliases with strategic framework suggested by UK Environment Department (Defra) to help enhancing the growth of local pollinating insects.

Hebes, Ivy, Actaea simplex, Sage, Ivy, etc.

Mahonia Shrubs, Cyclamen, etc.

The framework includes 5 Plans of Action to enhance bee and other pollinator growth :1) Grow more flowers, shrubs and trees that provide nectar and pollen as food for bees and other pollinators throughout the year. For example, pussy willow, primroses and crocuses in spring, lavenders, meadow cranesbill and ox-eye daisies in summer, ivy and hebes in autumn, and mahonia shrubs and cyclamen in winter.

2) Leave patches of land to grow wild with plants like stinging nettles and dandelions to provide other food sources (such as leaves for caterpillars) and breeding places for butterflies and moths.

3) Cut grass less often and ideally remove the cuttings to allow plants to flower.

4) Avoid disturbing or destroying nesting or hibernating insects, in places like grass margins, bare soil, hedgerows, trees, dead wood or walls.

Pussy Willow, Primroses, Crocuses, etc.

5) Avoid Pesticides, choose to avoid chemicals and adopt methods like physically removing pests or using barriers to deter them

Pendle, E. (2014, July 20). Government: Take five simple steps to help bees. Telegraph. Retrieved January 01, 2019, from https://www. telegraph.co.uk/gardening/beekeeping/10976690/Government-takefive-simple-steps-to-help-bees.html

HONEY PRODUCTION CENTRE

HONEY PRODUCTION CENTRE (HPC) Architectural Scale

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Building Programmes Honey Production Center one of the buildings in Bee City Masterplan which is a mixed use building that focuses on bee related programmes such are Bee Farm, Honey Factory, Farmers Market, Bee Keeping Workshop, Offices as well as other relevant facilities that may or may not directly related to bees.

Honey Production Process The diagram on the right illustrates the process of honey production.

Nectar is collected from flowers by honey bees ...

and store into their hives.

During cultivation period, bee boxes will be transported into...

... the Uncapping Machine where bee frames will be separated from the bee box..

.. only then honey extraction process can happen, where the machine shaves the wax off the bee box frame.

Next, the extracted honey will undergo through filtration process, removing unwanted elements and purify the honey.

At this stage, honey and its by-products will be bottle and package and ready to be distribute.

Products get distributed and sell to vendors and customers.

Design Exploration Series of initial exploration models which is an attempt to create an architecture which is not necessary simulating a ‘typical’ architecture but simulating somehow what could be a natural landscape.

These models were created by folding technique of one plane into angular form. Blurring the line that determines the outside and inside, giving continuity in term of the space, movement and ultimately nature.

“..How to realise architecture which is not necessary simulating what we have in mind as ‘ideal’ architecture but simulating somehow what could be a natural landscape..”

- Alessandro Melis, 2019

The folding technique also allows the building form to express a landmark attributes whereby the highest peak of the building would be seen as the focal point.

This peak initially would be the point of something prominent, which is the point of bee growth.

The angular shape then became more refined into ‘cleaner’ and smooth curves which was intended to dilute the ‘aggressive’ appearance of the building.

The sketch on the right shows the Implementation of bee tower into the building.

The number of main bee tower was eventually reduced to two.

Series of key sketches throughout the development of the project.

Perspective showing the idea of Bee Towers and its relation throughout the masterplan

Key Design Ideas Initial design concepts and “rules�

Precedent 01//

The City of Culture of Galicia Santiago De Compostela, Spain Peter Eisenmann

The City of Culture is a new cultural center for the Province of Galicia in northwestern Spain.

The project emerges as a curving surface that is neither figure nor ground but both a figured ground and a figured figure that supersede the figure-ground urbanism of the old city.

Santiago’s medieval past appears not as a form of representational nostalgia but as a new yet somehow familiar presence found in a new form.

“The City of Culture / Eisenman Architects” 08 Jun 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 23 Jan 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/141238/the-city-of-culture-eisenman-architects/> ISSN 0719-8884

Although the intention between the Peter Eisenmannâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and HPC project might be different, but the form of the development somewhat suggested a similar idea of allowing free flowing movement.

Precedent 02//

Busan Cinema Centre Busan, South Korea Coop Himmelb(l)au

According to Wolf D. Prix, the firm’s Design Principal, the basic concept of this project was the discourse about the overlapping of open and closed spaces and of public and private areas.

The design aims to provide a new intersection between public space, cultural programs, entertainment, technology and architecture, creating a vibrant landmark within the urban landscape.

Coop Himmelb(l)au developed the roofs of the Busan Cinema Center as a column-free covering of space that comes closest to the idea of a “flying” roof - further differentiated by its three-dimensionally articulated ceiling.

LED saturated outdoor roof elements acting as a virtual sky connect building-objects and plaza-zones into a continuous, multi-functional public urban space. Media, technology, entertainment and leisure are merged in an open-architecture of changeable and tailored event experiences. The result is a responsive and changing space of flows acting as an urban catalyst for cultural exchange and transformation.

Busan Cinema is also an important precedent for HPC whereby it influenced, to an extent, how spaces are allocated, public spaces are designed as well as the idea of having large roof with minimal and elegant structure.

“Busan Cinema Center / Coop Himmelb(l)au” 21 Mar 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 23 May 2019. <https://www. archdaily.com/347512/busan-cinema-center-coop-himmelblau/> ISSN 0719-8884

Design Statement “ What do we learn from this kind of ‘nowhere’ environment? When living and working in nowhere places becomes normal, it is no wonder that we literally lose some of our sensitivity toward nature.

Through the daily experience of the designed environment, we learn detachment… As nature has receded from our daily lives, it has receded from our ethics.”

(Cowan & Ryn, 1996) Many of the cities and buildings nowadays are poorly designed which divides human from our wilds and resulted to seeing nature as something isolated from us (Hopkins, n.d.).

Despite attempts of dividing ourself with nature through physical barriers, we still cannot cut out our crave relationship with natural world and our dependence on other species (Hopkins, n.d.).

Architecture should have balance between both technology and nature, as both are crucial in today’s world. Similar to the ancient concept of Ying and Yang, those two elements may seemingly contrary in its nature but with the right ‘formula’, both elements may actually be complementary and interconnected which can be beneficial for future human and the natural world. (Bellaimey, 2013)

Honey Production Center (HPC) is a manifestation to the idea of balance architecture, an attempt to mediate between technology and nature, with the aim to create an ideal place for human and nature to live and strive together.

The building form and spaces are formed through series of complex design developments which involves manipulation of green spaces with invisible boundary between outside and the inside with the intention to connect human back with nature.

HPC is also design in a way that it encourage continuity in term of movement for both human and bees (nature).

In term of its spaces, it is designed to be open, vibrant and lively. Especially on the building plinth, which has free facade that welcomes people in, engaging with the activities happening inside. Building plinth where interactions and exchanging ideas happens.

The idea behind HPC and its programme such as Recreational Park, Bee Farm and Honey Factory is a created as a medium where symbiotic relationship between human and bees (nature) can happen.

Recreational park of HPC is planned to be rich with wild flowers and vegetation, together with allocation of bee towers, bees (and other pollinators) would get enough food, supply and continue to grow in numbers, in return, human and natural ecosystem will continue to get benefited with the presence of bees.

• Cowan, S., & Ryn, S. :. (1996). Ecological design. Washington: Island Press.

• Hopkins, W. (n.d.). Reconnecting People with Nature through Architecture and Design. Retrieved May 24, 2019, from https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/ sustainablecitiescollective/nature-view-nature-design-reconnecting-people-nature-through-design/1069371/ • Bellaimey, John. [TED-Ed]. (2013, Aug 2). The Hidden Meanings of Ying and Yang- John Bellaimy [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ezmR9Attpyc

Design Developments 1) Plane extrusion

2) Open Facade + Optimal Orientation

3) Free Flowing Pedestrian Movement

Landscape as main design language.

Open facade together with optimal orientation to maximize intake of natural lighting,heating and wind flow into the building.

The open facade and open plan concept are designed to ‘invite’ people to engage with activities happening inside or simply pass through and above the building.

4) Bee Tower as Landmark

5) Spatial Arrangement

6) Honey Factory

Creating a prominent ‘Landmark’ by placing the main vertical bee farm tower at the dedicated focal point.

Overview of the spatial planning.

Vertical Bee Farm and Green Roof is place close to each other. Upon the harvesting period, honey will be extract, process through various stages before the final products will be distribute.

7) Reducing Footprint

8) Refining Form

9) Glulam Structure

After finalizing the building programme, the massive building footprint is refined into 4 small ‘tubes’, which create a lighter appearance as well as opening more space for public use.

Refining the ‘tubes’ into smoother form.

Various of structural exploration - glulam structure is chosen as it has the capability to hold massive weight without to compromise aesthetic by having rigid structure.

10) Vibrant Building Plinth

11) Visual Connection With The Main Programme

12) Hanging Ramps - Enhance User Experience

Building Plinth is design in a way that it encourage pedestrian to engage with the activities happening inside of the building. Creating a place for interaction, exchanging ideas and communication.

Main building programme which is the Honey Factory is placed at the main plaza which allow people to understand the honey production process even from outside.

Hanging ramps is design to allow people to get a closer view of the honey production process happening from the vertical bee farm up until the final stage. The ramp also allows direct public connection from the ground floor to the cafeteria on 2nd floor.

Spatial Arrangement

9

14

8

15

15 2

6 1

3

13

5 4

1b

1a 7 12 11

14

18 16

15

15 19

17

15 20

18

15

10

1 Vertical Bee Farm Tower 1a Cultivating Platform 1b Transporting Tunnel 2 Honey Factory 3 Exhibition 4 Bee Product Shop 5 Bee Keeping Equipment Shop 6 Cafeteria 7 Offices 8 Open Marketspace 9 Bee keeping workshop 10 Green Roof 11 Suspended Ramp 12 Viewing Deck 13 Drop Off 14 Underground Parking Entrance 15 Service Core 16 Distribution Area 17 Loading/Unloading 18 Services 19 Production Workshop 20 Parking

1 Distribution Floor 2 Production Workshop 3 Services 4 Parking Space

Underground

1 Exhibition Space 2 Public Plaza 3 Bee Product Store 4 Office 5 Open Marketspace 6 Bee Keeping Workshop

Ground Floor

7 Ramp up to Green roof 8 Ramp into Car Park 9 Drop Off 10 Ramp up to Upper Floor 11 Bicycle Parking

1 Honey Storage Floor 2 Bee Keeping Equipment Shop 3 Office 4 Ramp up to Viewing Deck 5 Ramp up to Green Roof

1st Floor

1 Bottling & Packaging Floor 2 Cafe 3 Kitchen 4 Ramp up to Viewing Deck 5 Green Roof

2nd Floor

6 Green Bridge to Neighboring Building

1 Filteration & Purification Floor 2 Viewing Deck 3 Green Roof

3rd Floor

1 Honey Extraction Floor 2 Green Roof

4th Floor

1 Cultivation Platform 2 Vertical Bee Farm 3 Transporting Tunnel 4 Green Roof

5th Floor

1 Vertical Bee Farm

Roof Plan

1

1 2 1a

3 4 5

13

15

6 12

7

11

8

1 Vertical Bee Farming Tower 2 Transporting Tunnel 3 Honey Extraction Floor 4 Filteration & Purification Floor 5 Bottling & Packaging Floor 6 Honey Storage Floor

Section A-A

7 Exhibition Space 8 Distribution 9 Loading Bay 10 Main Plaza 11 Market space

12 Bee Keeping Workshop 13 Green Roof 14 Viewing Deck 15 Suspended Ramp

10

9

1

2

3

8

4

6

5

7

1 Vertical Bee Farming Tower 2 Cultivating Floor 3 Viewing Deck 4 Office Floor 1

Section B-B

5 Office Ground Floor 6 Public Plaza 7 Underground Car Park

Technical Details Detail V-V 1:10 Engineered Soil With Plantings Filter Fabric Reservoir Layer With Optional Aggregate Moisture Retention Layer Aeration Layer Thermal Insulation Drainage Layer Root Barrier Waterproofing Membrane Glulam Roof Beam

Detail W-W 1:10

Glulam Roof Beam Inner Steel Bracket Bearing Plate Fasteners Glulam Main Beam

Section X1 1:50

Detail X-X 1:10 Floor Finish Curtain Wall Transom Unit Energy Efficient Glass Curtain Wall Mullion Thermal Break Unit Reinforced Concrete Slab

Detail Y-Y 1:10

Glulam Column Inner Steel Bracket Fastener Steel Bearing Plate Floor Finish Reinforced Concrete Slab

Section X1 1:50

Detail Z-Z 1:10

Floor Finish Screed Insulation Reinforced Concrete Slab Sand Layer Gravel Layer Reinforced Concrete Column Pile Cap Piling

Structural Overview//

Glulam Structure

Glulam Structure system is the primary structure used for HPC. The main reason behind the chosen structure is due to it’s capability to withstand a large green roof span without compromising its aesthetic as well as its flexibility for curve design.

The structure is formed by a series of columns that are set along two diagonal axis’s, the axis’s intersect creating and interlocking grid.

The load carried by the Glulam structure will then be transferred down to the Reinforced Concrete Structure.

Structural Overview//

Reinforced Concrete Structure Floors, suspended ramps, basement, curtain wall and other building components are supported by Reinforced Concrete Structure system.

Axonometric

Structural Precedent 01//

XTU French Pavilion Milan, Italy X-TU Architect Curved wooden lattice structure designed by XTU Architects to become a trellis for growing vegetables, herbs and hops (+ slideshow). Glue-laminated larch and spruce were used to create a strong but lightweight structure of lattice girders and pillars.

The design team took advantage of computer modelling to maximise the efficiency of all of the wooden components, which were precisely cut using a digitally controlled robot. The elements all interlock, minimising the need for additional fixings.

Frearson, A., & Frearson, A. (2017, April 18). XTU Architects creates wooden lattice for French Expo pavilion. Retrieved from https://www. dezeen.com/2015/05/06/france-pavilion-xtuarchitects-milan-expo-2015/

Structural Precedent 02//

The Metropol Parasol Seville, Spain J Mayer H Architects The “Metropol Parasol” scheme with its impressive timber structures offers an archaeological museum, a farmers market, an elevated plaza, multiple bars and restaurants underneath and inside the parasols, as well as a panorama terrace on the very top of the parasols.

Realized as one of the largest and most innovative bonded timberconstructions with a polyurethane coating, the parasols grow out of the archaeological excavation site into a contemporary landmark, defining a unique relationship between the historical and the contemporary city.

Sebastian Jordana. “J. Mayer H. Architects’ Metropol Parasol opening this Sunday” 25 Mar 2011. ArchDaily.

Accessed 23 May 2019. <https://www.archdaily. com/122621/j-mayer-h-architects-metropol-parasolopening-this-sunday/> ISSN 0719-8884

Precedent 03//

Phoenix International Media Center Beijing, China BIAD UFo The project includes media office, the broadcasting studios and the production offices, the building provides abundant of open spaces for the public to get interactive experiences, which expresses the unique operation concept of Phoenix Media.

In the east and west parts of the shared spaces, there are continuous steps, landscape platforms, sky ramps and crossing escalators which fill the building of energetic and dynamic spaces.

The circulation system of bridges and ramps are supported by canted columns anchored to the torus’s steeland-concrete structure.

Megan Jett. “In Progress: Phoenix International Media Center / BIAD UFo” 05 Sep 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 23 May 2019. <https://www.archdaily.com/165746/ in-progress-phoenix-international-media-center-biadufo/> ISSN 0719-8884

Floating Ramp of Phoenix International Media Center, BIAD UFo.

View of Floating ramp and main plaza of Honey Production Centre

Physical Model

South Facing Elevation

East Facing Elevation

North Facing Elevation

West Facing Elevation

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES 1) Optimal Orientation + Open Facade

2) Prominent Wind

3) Ventilation Zoning

Open facade enable maximum intake of sunlight for the purpose of passive heating and natural lighting.

The open facade and building orientation allows catchment of prominent wind which comes from South West direction.

All public spaces are natural ventilated while interior spaces such as the factory, offices, cafe, stores and underground need mechanical aid ventilation.

4) Mixed-Mode Ventilation

5) Ground Source Cooling & Heating System

6) Green Roof System

The mixed mode ventilation allows flexibility where these spaces can use both Natural and Mechanical technique of space conditioning through operable window or air-conditioning.

Ground Source Heating &Cooling System (GHCS) is an energy efficient central heating and cooling system that will be intergrated into the proposed building. The following are the advantages of GSHC ; Cost Efficiency, No Fuel Deliveries Needed and Minimal Maintenance required.

Green Roof has many benefits to the building. One of the advantage is boosting thermal performance of the building. Plants absorb the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy and therefore reduce the temperature of the roof in summer, whilst aiding thermal efficiency in the colder winter by locking heat inside.

Marketplace

Exhibition Space

CONCLUSION

Conclusion Carol Foyler, a San Mateo resident who has watched her lawn turn from a gorgeous green to a hideous brown during California’s drought, said she blamed scientists “for failing to warn us of the true cost of climate change.”

“They always said that polar bears would starve to death,” she said. “But they never told us our lawns would look like cr*p.”

- (Borowitz, 2017) Although, the situation told in Borowitz’s news satire does not reflect a real person’s feeling, but the underlying meaning behind it is really sad because it is happening in reality.

Most of us nowadays, seems to be distant to the issue relating to environment and destruction of nature until we are directly affected with the negative results (Hopkins, n.d.)

The proposal of this thesis is not only a scenario for the current but, also evokes an intention for how future cities and architecture should be.

As architect and designers, we are responsible to create a better urban built environment through mediating technology and consideration of nature. Design with the intention to connect rather than disconnect while trying to find the perfect balance in design.

I believe that we have to change our approach when it comes to integrating urban building with nature, through thorough research and understanding of how local ecosystem works and try to formulate a symbiotic relationship that would enhance the users’, building and native ecosystem.

The Bee City and Honey Production Center could become an architectural model of the future, that improve life of the city dwellers as well as enhancing the growth of native ecosystem which ultimately will transforms the typical disconnecting dystopia city into a utopia city where all forms of life are well connected and integrated.

• Borowitz, A. (2017, June 19). Poll: Americans Starting to Worry About Climate Change Now That It Affects Their Lawns. Retrieved May 24, 2019, from https:// www.newyorker.com/humor/borowitz-report/poll-americans-starting-to-worry-about-climate-change-now-that-it-affects-their-lawns • Hopkins, W. (n.d.). Reconnecting People with Nature through Architecture and Design. Retrieved May 24, 2019, from https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/ sustainablecitiescollective/nature-view-nature-design-reconnecting-people-nature-through-design/1069371/

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Bee City_Welbourne_Final Portfolio_405 Thesis Design_UP 875035

MArch 2_ University of Portsmouth