Linking old and new Zarqa: The Regeneration of King Abdalaziz City Al-Zarqa

The Regeneration of King Abdalaziz City Al-Zarqa Shada Qahoush ~ Namariq Al-Rawi ~ Mazen Azazmeh ~ Munther Abu Hmeidan ~ Khalil Al-Bitar ~ Ru’a Al-Abweh

LOCATION

Zarqa Governorate ----------------------------------------Location: North east of Amman

LOCATION

Area: 4080 km² Population: 910800 Religion: Islam ( 98%) Christianity (2%)

CLIMATE

CLIMATE

LOCATION

DISTANCE FROM MAIN CITIES

CITY

DISTANCE

DURATION

AMMAN

25.9 Km

36 min

JARASH

35.1Km

51 min

AL-SALT

53.3 km

73 min

MAFRAQ

43 km

35 min

IRBID

71.1 km

55 min

MADABA

81 km

91 min

DISTRICTS

DISTRICTS

AL-ZARQA

ALRUSAIFA

BEREAN ALJADEDAH

ALDLAIL

ALHASHIMIAH ALJADEDAH

HALLABAT

ALAZRAQ

ROAD NETWORK

ROAD NETWORK AND ACCESSIBILITY

TO ZARQA ALHIZAM ALDA’IRI ALSHAHID STREET ALJAISH STREET ALSAKHNA STREET

LOCATION

LANDMARKS

Qasr AmraShbeib Qasr Qasr Halabat Azraq Wetland Reserve

ROAD NETWORK

Qasr Hallabat

Qasr Shbeeb

Qasr Amra

LOCATION

Zarqa Private University

AlGhorfa altijaria

HISTORY

THE BEGINNING • Naming from the Acadians

HISTORY

– Zar –water – Ki – Area – Zar-ki  Zarka  Zarqa

• Umayyad first Arab residents • Naming mentioned in the biography of the prophet Muhammad PBUH • Older than biography of “Bani Hilal” • 1358-1375 BC Mentioned in the letters of Tal Al-Amarneh (pharaonic times) • Hajj pilgrimage stop • Many archaeological/historical sites

CHECHEN HISTORY •

1901 Chechens from Turkey reside in Zarqa – Mostly in Al Sakhna

•

1904 Chechens acquire agricultural land – – – –

•

Dams Channels Walls mills

Built with mud, cane/reed, oleander willow trees – Abu Bakr Al Siddiq Mosque

• •

HISTORY

• •

Shift in economic income of Jordan Circassians establish residences along river – Russeifah Thick forests and Zarqa Stream Work fields – Masons – Carpenters – Traders with Turkey

HISTORY

Abu Bakr Al Seddiq Mosque 1903

Abu Bakr Al Seddiq Mosque expansion, 1970

HISTORY

HISTORY

HISTORY

Jacob Khankerry holding a Gun made by himself

HISTORY

Circus 1961

HISTORY

HISTORY

MODERN HISTORY • •

1924 establishment of headquarters of the Arab Legion 1925 Syrians move to Zarqa – Al Beghal and Al-Seman –trade

• •

Residents from Karak 1927 English border patrol – Al-Nabusi, Al-Mukhtar, Abu Jamil,etc.

HISTORY

• • • • • •

1928 first city council 1930: District head: Mustafa Wahbi AlTal (aka: Arar) ،‫مدير ناحية‬ 1950 first schools 1962 an oil refinery built 1970’s Nadi Usrat Al-Qalam

• •

1992 Hashemite University Family “clubs” (diwan) – Bani Hasan, Aqrabawi, Al Qasrawi, etc.

HISTORY

MILITARY HISTORY • After the foundation of East Jordan Border forces in 1926, Military bases were built in the city by the English Army.

• Later the city took the name “ Military city” • It was a former base of “Al-Jaish Al-Arabi”

HISTORY

Former Military camps in Zarqa

HISTORY

Name of soldier on stone

INDUSTRY • Industrial, financial city – 52% of factories in Jordan – 2911 institutions

• Financial capital • Workforce – Minery, phosphate

HISTORY

• Energy production – Petrol refinery – Duty free shop – Husain Station

• 21.3% of workforce

Factories in Zarqa - The Jordanian company for chemichal products - The international institution for medical and industrial gases - The international company for CaCo3 - Marjan for perfumes and cosmatics

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

INDUSTRY

Expected number of people unemploymed Expected number of job opportunities

5000

Needed number of jobs 0 2012

2013

Employment

2014

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000

INDUSTRY

2000 0

Distribution Employment

METROPOLITAN SCALE

INFORMATION

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Zarqa District ----------------------------------

Old Zarqa

King Abdalazi z city

Location: North east of Amman Area: 60km² Population: 472,370 Density: 525 people/km² – Higher than national density

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

ROAD NETWORK AND ACCESSIBILITY

ABDALLAH II BIN HUSSEIN STR. TO MAGRAQ PRINCESS WIJDAN STR. ALJAISH STREET

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC • • • •

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

• • • • • •

Narrow streets –increased by parked cars and lack of pedestrian segregation; High volumes of traffic – a demand of over 8,000 vehicles per hour on the main roads; Low traffic speeds - observed to be between 12-15km/h within downtown Zarqa; Pedestrian conflict – lack of crossings on routes with high traffic flows creating severance; High private vehicle demand - approximately 60% of all vehicles are cars or yellow taxis; Poor connectivity to public transport – lack of bus stops, and poor walking routes to terminals; Indiscriminate parking – no enforcement of existing parking restrictions; Lack of demand management – congestion is the only deterrent to travel by private vehicle; Poor air quality – slow vehicle speeds lead to more engine idling and higher emissions; and Poor public transport services – lack of formal infrastructure and a poor quality service offered

LANDMARKS 1

3

5

4 2

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

8

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Prince Mohammad Shbeib StadiumCastle The Zarqa Chamber of Prince Hashem Hospital Commerce Princess Salma Residential Az Zarqa Private University Al-Majd City Az Zarqa Camp

“Hawooz” WATER TANK

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

• • • •

1920s-1970s Cultural heritage 3 km away from houses Municipality distributed water • Storage of water • After 1970s –no longer sufficient – ‫سلطة المياه‬ – Larger water storage tank

• 2009 Plans to renovate Hawooz and transform into urban historical landmark – Later torn down

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

ZARQA REFUGEE CAMP • Past

• Present

• Oldest Palestinian refugee camp in Jordan • 1948 Arab-Israeli war • 1949 International Committee of the Red Cross in 1949 • 8,000 refugees • 0.18 sq km • Tents

• • • • • •

• • • •

20,000 refugees Concrete homes women’s program centre Four schools Two health centers community-based rehabilitation centre distribution centre environmental health office kindergarten/nursery Demographic profile

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

• • •

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

•

• •

Shelters need upgrading High unemployment rate Lack of sanitation labourers Sewage network needs upgrading Accumulation of refuse from construction Relocated refugees living in rented houses

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

GROWTH TIMELINE

1961 1983 1994 2005 Zarqa-Russeifa

Area in sq.km

1961

8.3

1983

22

4.5%

1994

45.1

6.7%

2005

79.7

5.3%

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

BUILDINGS DENSITY

Old Zarqa KAC

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

POPULATION DENSITY

Zarqa 525 p/ha Ghweirieh 486 p/ha KAC 200p/ha Pilot 92p/ha

POPULATION DENSITY 22000 20000 18000 16000 14000

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Male Female

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

SOLID AND VOID

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

SCHOOLS Schools - Great Arab revolution - Um Salma - King Abdullah II - Alshamilla - Al-Khawarizmi - Rabi’a Al-Adawia - Al-Jahidh - Omar Bin AlKhattab

Schools in old Zarqa Schools in KAC

EDUCATION Higher Education 0.24% Vocational Training 1.02%

Illeterate 9.93%

Uneducated 7.21%

Pre-school 11.53% Primary School 18.57%

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Associate Degree 11.47% Bachelor 8.00%

Middle School 10.45% Secondary School 21.57%

SERVICES

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Services - Military institution - Hedgazi Mall

Services in old Zarqa Services in KAC

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

HOSPITALS Hospitals - Al-Zarqa Hospital (Public) - Prince Hashim hospital (military) - Jabal Alzaytoona (private) - Prince Faisal Hospital (Public) - Qasr Shibeeb (Public) - Al-Hikma (Private) - Ibn Seena (private) - Al-Razi (private) Hospitals in old Zarqa - Anas bin Salah Hospitals in KAC (private)

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Public Space in Residential Area

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Typology of Buildings

Planned, identical houses

Each house is different.

Picture shows columns constructed in case of

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Parks

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Alleys

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Services

MEROPOLITAN SCALE

Conclusions Zarqa

KAC

• Services available – Supermarkets, schools, hospitals, etc.

• Existence of some public space – Unsafe – Unused – Private

• Severe lack of services • Existence of bigger public space but – useless – only for parking – Used by some residents • Target users: Zarqa employees, families from all social classes, expats

KAAC (KING ABDALLAH BIN ABDALAZIZ CITY)

KAC

LOCATION

PRINCESS BASMA HOUSING SOUK BAB ALMADINA PEDISTRIAN STREET

KAC

ROAD NETWORK AND ACCESSIBILTY

ABDALLAH II BIN HUSSEIN STR. TO MAGRAQ ALSHARQ STREET ALJAISH STREET

KAC

PHASES OF BUILDING THE CITY

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5 PHASE 6

KAC

KING ABDALAZIZ PROJECTED CITY

KAC

SOLID AND VOID

KAC

LANDMARKS

Az Zarqa Chamber of Commerce Prince Hashem Hospital Al-Zarqa Private University

PILOT

LOCATION

PILOT

PRINCESS BASMA HOUSING SOUK BAB ALMADINA PEDISTRIAN STREET

PILOT

ROAD NETWORK AND ACCESSIBILTY

ALSHARQ STREET ALJAISH STREET PRINCE HUSSAIN BIN ABDULLAH STR. QUEEN RANIA AL-ABDULLAH STR.

PILOT

SOLID AND VOID

SPACES

PILOT

Positive Space Negative Space Dark Space

PILOT

PILOT

PILOT

HAZARDS Human Activities •

PILOT

• • on

Due to the hot Sun, the area is not busy with people in the mornings and weekdays.

Occasional walks are present in the pedestrian path of the site.

Due to the large open spaces of the site, it is a great attraction to families

weekends for picnics.

PILOT

Garbage • The area is greatly polluted with wastes and garbage.

• Any dead corner/space is turned into a garbage area.

• Presence of a large amount of nonrecyclable plastic bags in the site.

PILOT

Garbage • The area is greatly polluted with wastes and garbage.

• Any dead corner/space is turned into a garbage area.

• Presence of a large amount of nonrecyclable plastic bags in the site.

SBM (SOUK BAB ALMADINA)

SBM

ROAD NETWORK AND ACCESSIBILITY

SBM

HEDJAZI RAILWAY

SBM

EXISTING FEATURES

SBM

EXISTING FEATURES

EXISTING FEATURES

SBM

-

Pergolas Palm trees Shrubs Existing rocks and rubble

SBM

HAZARDS

Garbage • The area is greatly polluted with wastes and garbage.

• Any dead corner/space is turned into a garbage area.

• Presence of a large amount of nonrecyclable plastic bags in the site.

CAR PARKING • Any empty area surrounding Al Jaish street is basically used as parking.

• This region of Al Zarqa has a lot of car shops.

• The street is a major connection between Amman and the industrial city of Zarqa. As a result, a lot of trucks can be seen in the area.

• A large number of walls in the area have writings and/or Graffiti on them.

SBM

• Some of the writings express anger, others represent pride of Sheepwhile Grazing race/family.

The site is used for grazing sheep as it contains a lot of shrubs fromshow which they can feed on. The large empty land is • Some Graffiti real talent, for the sheep to spread and enjoy the land. while othersfunctional are just a waste of spray.

SBM

Roads • Bad road networks and narrow streets.

• Non-flat and untreated roads.

• Garbage places cause traffic when accessed.

Sanitation and Infrastructure is very poor in the region with a lot of waste water in the streets.

SBM

Sewage tunnels badly treated.

Cut electrical cables.

INTERVIEWS & OBSERVATIONS

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

Hashemite Hall Not aware of project’s existence! Many parks but none welcoming • Urban village: - parks, Library, Cafeteria - Failed as an urban project • Al-Mohandis Park - For families only - The only successful park in Zarqa • Prince Mohammad youth city • Rahma hall • Al-Quds Garden

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

Carpet merchant Residential areas has no life Customers from Aqaba, Ramtha, Zarqa Drainage problem Suggestions: shops, restaurants, entertainment,“Rainbo w Street” Young woman Suggestions for project Supermarkets Transportation hub Services Job creation

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

Bad people change good spaces

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

INTERVIEWS&OBSERVATIONS

Narrow paths VS the mixed use streets

S.W.O.T ANALYSIS

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

•Accessibility •Acceptance and positive impression from locals •Well-studied •Spatially flexible •Availability of various housing prototypes •Light rail system •Commuters from A to Z •Horizontal expansion •Creating a link between old and new •Connectivity between Zarqa and KAC

•Uneven distribution of services •Lack of awareness about the project •Elimination of history •Traffic congestion •Nature of the society •Lost spaces •Unreasonable length of pedestrian path •Climatic weakness/lack of wind breakers •Possibility of wind tunnel between buildings •Inappropriate

•Job creation •Services from new city •Providing entertainment •Multifunctional space (mixed use) •Providing houses for residents of Amman working in Zarqa •Ease of transport between Amman and Zarqa •Decrease of congestion and density •Area for freedom of expression

•Social rebuff •Pedestrianunfriendly culture •Increase of inappropriate activity •Little alleyways will allow for inappropriate activity/crime •Introverted mentality •Separation of classes •Hostility from locals •Surveillance •Loss of control or security •Failure of existing public spaces

CASE STUDY

PRAGER STRASSE, DRESDEN

CASE STUDY

- Located in Dresden, Germany - Pedestrian street since the 1970s - Was built between 1851 and 1853 as a link between the central train station and the old market of the city.

- Quickly developed as a shopping street.

CASE STUDY

Prager strasse

CASE STUDY

HISTORY OF PRAGER STRASSE • constructed between 1851 and 1853 • Connected Altstadt (historical center) and the station Böhmischer Bahnhof • Industrialization required clearing of old streets to make way for new houses • Street filled quickly • Became a dynamic shopping and leisure center • Was accessible to cars but presently only pedestrian

CASE STUDY

• 1945 street destroyed in WWII bombing • Contest for reconstruction of the street announced in 1962 – Realization: 1965-1978 – Hotels: Lilienstein, the Königstein and the Bastei • 70s-80s: most important pedestrian boulevard of the city.

• New projects: cinema and warehouse, commercial activity, residential buildings, office buildings • 2002: European floods , flooded south side of street • December of 2004: plant new trees and maintenance • December of 2006 warehouses

CASE STUDY 1949

1978

1920s

CASE STUDY

1980s

CASE STUDY

- one of two main inter-city transit hubs in the German city of Dresden.

- built between 1892 and 1897 at the southern border of the inner city.

- important in the growth and development of the city.

CASE STUDY

Multi Purpose Civic Plaza

CASE STUDY

Multi Purpose Civic Plaza

CASE STUDY

Multi Purpose Civic Plaza

CASE STUDY

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

Commercial buildings - Malls - Shops - Gym

CASE STUDY

- Resaurants - Shops - Cafes

CASE STUDY

- Shops - Restaurants

CASE STUDY

- Shops - Banks - Cafes

CASE STUDY

- Centrum Gallerie ( mall)

CASE STUDY

Karstadt ( mall

CASE STUDY

Hotels

CASE STUDY

Cinemas

VISION

VISION

1. Change Zarqa’s image

2. Give Zarqa a unique identity

3. Attract visitors and residents

VISION

How will we achieve our vision?

Goals – Make transportation easier – Create a one-of-a-kind attraction – Create jobs – Make a “greener” Zarqa – Gender and age equality

Objectives – Make use of light rail system – Meet commercial, residential, and transportation needs – Pedestrian only zone – Zarqa lung

PROPOSED MASTER PLAN

PROPOSED MASTER PLAN

PROPOSAL I

PROPOSED MASTER PLAN

PROPOSAL II

DECISION MATRIX

DECISION MATRIX

Proposal 1

Proposal 2

Weight (W)

Ranking (R)

WxR

Ranking (R)

WxR

Connectivity between 2 cities

8

10

80

7

56

Availability of services

7

9

63

10

70

Variation of Activities

6

9

54

6

36

Accessibility

5

8

40

8

40

Traffic Situation

4

8

32

5

20

Security

3

6

18

7

21

Parking Space

2

8

16

8

16

Attraction

1

4

4

5

5

Total

307

264

DECISION MATRIX

Proposal 1 -central mosque plaza -cultural village -sports village

Proposal 2

-Picnic area

-city hall

-commercial strip

-Police booth

-Light rail system

-landscape concept

-tram

-restaurants

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

ROAD NETWORK AND CONNECTIVITY

Two way vehicular connection Train systems: Light rail system Hedjaz Railway Tram Pedestrian circulation pattern

ANALYSIS

BUILT UP AREA RATIO

Solid to Void Ratio 35% is Built

ANALYSIS

ZONING

Religious Governmental Cultural Commercial Residential Mixed-use

ANALYSIS

BUILDING HEIGHTS

1 Story 2 Story 3 Story 5 Story

ANALYSIS

VEGETATION

The city’s Lung

ANALYSIS

OPEN SPACES

Different activities: Picnic areas Gathering Waiting Wandering

ANALYSIS

SECTIONS

SECTION A-A

ANALYSIS

SECTIONS

SECTION B-B

ANALYSIS

SECTIONS

SECTION C-C

ANALYSIS

SECTIONS

SECTION D-D

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

GREAT MOSQUE AND REDEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD CITY CENTER

CASE STUDIES

RIYADH MOSQUE • Location: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia • Area: 30,000 sq m • Year of completion: 1992 • Architect: Rasem Badran • Client: Riyadh Development Authority, HRH Prince Salman Bin Abdul Aziz

CASE STUDIES

Site and Surroundings • Area is in central core of old Riyadh • Justice palace • Squares • Commercial and public facilities

CASE STUDIES

Zoning Mosqu e Palace of Justice Arcade

CASE STUDIES

Mosqu e Palace of Justice Arcade

CASE STUDIES

Plaza which links mosque with justice of palace

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES N

Plan

CASE STUDIES

Section A-A

CASE STUDIES

Section B-B

CASE STUDIES

Small openings on facades for climate control.

Mud brick (thermal insulation)

CASE STUDIES

Wood Work

CASE STUDIES

Mosque Program •

Main Program – – – – – –

•

Extension of mosque – – – –

• • •

Men’s prayer hall Women’s prayer hall Madrasa Library Imam residence Prayer hall capacity: 12,000 users Madrasa Offices Shops Arcade encloses car park and bridges gap between mosque and fortress

Several entrances Topography: level Internal height: 13.5 m

CASE STUDIES

CITY HALL

CASE STUDIES

ADANA CITY HALL AND CULTURAL CENTER/ MTF PROJE Architects: MTF Proje Location: Adana Çukurova, Turkey Project Type: Municipality Building and Cultural Center Project Area: 17,000 m2 Land Area: 12,900 m2 Date: 2011

CASE STUDIES

Site Location  set close to Belediye Evleri Residential Area.  The site is between north and north settlements of the residential area.  designed as a City Park.  The building is set at the side of the City Park in order to get an undisturbed

CASE STUDIES

Site Plan The basic idea of the Adana City Hall and Cultural Center building by MTF Proje was based on the surrounding of the building ďƒ mostly captured with green areas. ďƒ Half of the building is designed just under the green land which is coherent due to the topography.

CASE STUDIES

Plan the building is consisted of: - four story city hall - a culture center ďƒ capacity of nearly 500 people - a city library - a wedding place - city information center - the ateliers

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

- city hall is separated from the culture center because of function.

- The City hall, culture center and the presidential areas got different entrances.

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

- The meeting area of the city hall is separated from the main body of the building.

- It’s clad with wood which makes it different from the other parts of the building.

CASE STUDIES

- The inside of the building is designed due to the function and the sustainability.

- The natural air ventilation and the natural light is used

CASE STUDIES

- The atrium place divides the building into to two ďƒ helps the building work like a courtyard.

CASE STUDIES

- The green roof also reduces the need of energy need for cooling the inner spaces.

CASE STUDIES

MARKET HALL

CASE STUDIES

CENTRAL MARKET HALL BUDAPEST Built in 1894

Location: Budapest, Hungar Project Type: Market Hall Project Area: 21,251 m2

CASE STUDIES

Interior •180 Shopkeepers •„9 offices •„68 Warehouses •„20 Cold – storages

CASE STUDIES

Profile of sellers •Fruits, vegetables •„Meat, sausages •„Poultry •„Fish •„Local handicrafts •„Restaurants, snack-bars •„Food-products, groceries

CASE STUDIES

Visitors •Summer is the highest season •„Both tourists and locals •„Rate is changing

•„Daily shopping •„Age differences •„More than 30 000 people on a busy day

CASE STUDIES

MARKET HALL IX BERLIN

Old Photo

CASE STUDIES

Design •central axis as a strong public link between the streets • the existing historical scale structure in the market hall is the basis for a small-scale development • aisles offer the potential for an additional vertical development

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

The modular structure suggests space, and inspires development.

It invites you to experiment with and test function on different time scales.

Multiple uses are imaginable not only as permanent configurations but also as temporary gestures.

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES

WEDDING AREA

CASE STUDIES

MAKENNA RESORT ITACRE, BRAZIL • Architects: Monia Drucker/ Ruben Otero • Location: Bahia, Brazil • Project Year: 2004-2010 • Program: – Club – Restaurant – Leisure rooms – Spa – 16 bungalows – Service district.

CASE STUDIES

Concept • Instead of enslaving nature, the buildings dramatized the landscape even more, framing and revealing contours and unusual scenarios.

• The design of the clubhouse and the bungalows follows the principles of modernism – and it is in this architecture of concrete that the counterpoint to the nature appears.

CASE STUDIES

Methodology • To enable airflow they opted for front-back openings, which may be controlled by wooden venetian blinds with moving flaps, thus reducing the internal temperature and dismissing the need for air conditioning.

• Water treatment (the purity index of the returned water must be 98%).

• Electricity is supplied by solar collecting systems.

CASE STUDIES

Master Plan

CASE STUDIES

ISTANBUL EDITION HOTEL SPA • Architects: Hirsch Bedner Associates • Location: Istanbul, Turkey • Project Year: 2011

CASE STUDIES

Design • Dark materials include rich metallic wood, embossed bronze floors, walls upholstered in exquisite horsehair.

• Few straight walls or corridors in guest areas and that helps to make the spaces mysterious and allows guests to discover new areas as they journey through it

CASE STUDIES

• The play of light was one of the main component in the design inspiration and was drawn from the faceted cut out patterns found in a traditional Hammam.

CASE STUDIES

• The lutron system installed in the treatment rooms is programmed to have different light levels throughout the varying stages of the treatment: – – – – –

Welcoming level for arrival, A very low level for treatment, Another level for showering, And a level for relaxation.

And the light levels reflect each space with the fitness room being the brightest.

CASE STUDIES

Ground plan

PROGRAM

PROGRAM

Mosque Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Orientation

Prayer hall

380

High

+++

Southwest

Entrance/wardrobe (males)

150

High

+++

northeast

Ablution (males)

40

High

+++

Northeast

WC (males)

20

Medium

Ablution (females)

40

Medium

++

North

Entrance/wardrobe (females)

160

Medium

++

North

WC (females)

24

Medium

++

East

Cleaning room

4

Low

East

Wardrobe imam

6

Low

West/south

Women’s gallery

180

High

+++

Southwest

Guest gallery

130

Medium

++

Southwest

Office

40

Medium

+

North

Storage

80

Low

Total area

1254

East

East

PROGRAM

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

PROGRAM

Spatial demands of a mosque are dependent on the number of users.

Width ranges from 0.6 -1 m depending on season.

0.6 m ďƒ warm climate Area needed for one worshipper: 0.75-1.25 sq m Capacity: 750 -950 users

PROGRAM

City Hall Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Orientation

Reception

36

High

+++

Office of Governance and Management (Cubes)

200

High

++

South/East

Office of Governance and Management (Offices)

400

High

++

South/East

Utility Pay Area

100

Medium

++

Safe

15

Low

Financial management offices

500

Medium

++

Planning and urban offices

500

Medium

+

Permit center

100

Medium

++

Office of Governance and Management

Finance, Management, and Services

Planning and Urban Development

PROGRAM

City Hall Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Economic development reception

40

Medium

+++

Economic development staff

75

High

++

Urban renewal reception

40

Medium

+++

Urban renewal staff

75

High

++

Urban renewal offices

40

Medium

++

Community development

350

High

+++

Attorney reception

40

Medium

+++

Offices

100

High

++

Cube space

150

Medium

+++

Economic development and urban renewal

City attorney

Orientation

PROGRAM

City Hall Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Cube space

200

Medium

++

Offices

300

Medium

++

Meeting room

100

High

+

Small meeting room

30

High

+

Storage

60

Low

Archives

60

Low

Cafeteria

60

High

++

Copy Room

15

Medium

+

Total Area

3586

Department of environmental services

Orientation

PROGRAM

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

PROGRAM

Market Hall/ Crafts markets Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Number of Stalls

Fresh Product Stalls

1,500

High

+++

64

Butcher Stalls

1,250

High

+++

53

Local Handcrafts Stalls

750

High

+++

32

Workshops

1,400

Medium

+

Snack Bars

1,000

High

+++

40

Restaurants

1,500

High

+++

25

Seating Area

2,000

High

+++

Food Storage

1,000

Medium

Cold Storage

1,000

Medium

Offices

300

Low

WCs

100

Medium

Cleaning Rooms

200

Low

Circulation

3,000

High

Total area

15,000

+++

PROGRAM

93 sqm 3-4m aisles

Typical Market Hall Floor Plan

PROGRAM

Workshop: woodwork Space requirements: an average of 70-80 sqm per employee (without open storerooms).

Arrangement of machines according to sequence of operations.

All workstations should face the light.

PROGRAM

Turkish Hammam Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Hot, warm, and Cold Zone

High

++

Jacuzzi

Medium

+

Sauna

Medium

+

Shower

Low

Changing Rooms

Low

Swimming Pool

Medium

Sitting Area

High

Men/ Women Section

Total Area

4000

++

Orientation

PROGRAM

Wedding Hall Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Hall

High

++

Restrooms

Medium

Entrance Hall

Medium

Kitchen

High

+

Storage

Medium

+

3 Wedding Halls

Total Area

4000

Orientation

PROGRAM

Resort and Hotel Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Double rooms and Suits

High

++

Shopping Center

Medium

Storage

Medium

Entrance Hall

High

+

Horse Stables

Low

+

Swimming Pools

Medium

Hair stylists- Salons

Low

+

Restaurant

Medium

++

Utility Room

Low

Storage

Low

Service Area

Low

Two hotels and one Resort

Total Area

9000

Orientation

PROGRAM

Theme Parks Room Type

Area (sq m)

Activity level

Public interaction

Chinese

Medium

++

French

Medium

++

Sculptures

Medium

++

Japanese Park

Orientation

FINAL MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

MASTER PLAN

SOUK BAB AL-MADINA

SOUK BAB ALMADINA

SOUK BAB ALMADINA

SOUK BAB ALMADINA City Hall Gf

SOUK BAB ALMADINA City Hall 1st f

SOUK BAB ALMADINA City Hall 2nd f