the private is political

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Housing, gender and violence: the private is political Gender-based violence has profound impacts on women’s comfort and belonging to the city, but also to their own home. Several sources of information build and reinforce an image in which women are at risk of experiencing violence in public spaces. This perception results in insecurity feeling that leads them to adapt their everyday lives through avoidance or self-defence tactics: while some take a cab to avoid walking alone, do not go out at night, take detours, others go out accompanied, always have pepper on them or take self-defence classes. These tactics differ according to their perceived vulnerability, which is associated primarily with age and ability, but also according to their privileges associated with class, race and sexual orientation. In addition to limiting their life chances regarding education, leisure, political involvement and employment, this violence, both perceived and experienced, influence their relation to housing. These avoidance or self-defence tactics, to some extent, confine them to private spaces since they are perceived as safer. For them, housing appears as a place of trust, of peace, but also of respite from the violence in the public sphere (such as street harassment or sexual harassment at work). Therefore, women tend to spend more time in their homes, but also attach more importance to it. However, violence in public spaces is only the tip of the iceberg; the majority of gender-based violence is perpetrated either in the victim's or the perpetrator's home (who is generally known). Home should be a safe haven. Conjugal and familial relationships that take place within households are fundamentally paradoxical: for some, they are the most loving, and for others, they are the most violent. For a long time, domestic violence was obscured and unheard in the public sphere. These destructive relationships have long been considered as a private problem. Many explain this situation by the public-private dichotomy that has allowed the construction of a private space that is withdrawn from the public domain (away from State interference) in which domestic violence can occur. However, feminist struggles have led to their recognition as a public affair. Since then, governments have been held accountable for intervening to prevent and end domestic violence. Despite this recognition by most public authorities, thousands of women continue to live (or rather survive) in fear and an unsafe environment on a daily basis. This violence has devastating effects on physical and mental health, mainly through post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety and chronic pain. Violence in homes does not concern exclusively family and conjugal relationships. It may involve various parties of the housing system such as the landlord, superintendent, building manager, neighbours or fellow tenants. This violence generally involves unsolicited sexual acts that directly or indirectly involve housing. Such violence involves break-ins (e.g. entering without permission using the master key), extortion or blackmail to obtain sexual intercourse (e.g. exchanging sex for rent or renovations or attacking other family members) or housing-related threats (e.g. eviction or failing to carry out repairs). This violence is a result of unequal power relations between men and women, but also among lessor and lessee. Landlords and superintendents know, for example, some of their personal and private information (ex. schedule), they may threaten to evict them or to raise their rent, but most importantly they hold the keys of their home, which


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the private is political by Nancy - Issuu