Nano-scale Characterization of 3-Dimensional Hybrid Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
M.J. Wozniak
1,
P.
2 Oberbek ,
A. Chlanda
2,
L. John
3,
P. Sobota and K.J. Kurzydlowski 3
2
1. University Research Centre – Functional Materials, Warsaw University of Technology 2. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology 3. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw POLAND 1) ABSTRACT: There is a growing need for bone regeneration due to various clinical bone diseases such as bone infections, bone tumors and bone loss by trauma. This can be reached by bone tissue engineering. The bone has a complex hierarchical structure. This structural hierarchy plays a major part in determining the bulk material properties.[1] The modern biomaterials should be nontoxic and mimic cells native in vivo environment as closely as possible, support and enhance tissue repair. [2-5] To mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM) the hierarchical characterization of engineered scaffolds is needed. In this work we are presenting the results of 3-dimensional hybrid scaffolds characterization from micro to nano scale. The combination of MicroCT, Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopy and related techniques gives unique opportunity for comprehensive analysis of the biomaterial morphology and their physical properties.
3) MATERIALS AND METHODS:
2) INTRODUCTION: Structural Hierarchy - Engineering and Biology <<< Structure of Bone
http://thebuildingblockofbiology.wordpress.com/
Structure of Eiffel Tower
Cell Cytoskeleton
Structural Hierarchy: Scaffold (Material) Characterization
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Concept of Tissue Engineering
!
Material Synthesis
The characterization of scaffold hierarchical structure, from micro to nano scale: A) Micro-CT; B) SEM; C) SPM.
4) RESULTS Hierarchical Characterization : HG
HG+PCL
4) RESULTS Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (QNM) of HG+PCL
HG+PLA Micro-CT
Three groups of scaffolds: A) Pure hybrid glass (HG) B) HG + PCL (polymer) C) HG + PLA (polymer) 10 mm
10 mm
10 mm
Characterization: X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) + Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (QNM)
E-mail: micwoz@gmail.com micwoz@inmat.pw.edu.pl
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: the research were supported by: National Science Center of Poland under grant number UMO-2011/01/B/ST8/07559, Three-dimensional composite scaffold based on biodegradable polymers and bioceramic with incorporated growth factors for bone tissue engineering. Research on the manufacturing process and the material influence on living cells function”
Calculated average modulus of all materials
REFERENCES: [1] R. Lakes, Nature 361, 511-515 (1993) [2] M.J. Wozniak et al., Micron 40 (2009) 870–875 [3] M.J. Wozniak et al., Soft Matter 6 (2010) 2462-2469 [4] A. Roguska et al., Applied Surface Science 257 (2011) 5037–5045 [5] M.J. Wozniak et al., Frontier of Applied Plasma Technology 5 (2012) 46-49
SPM
The structural hierarchy plays a major part in determining properties of natural and engineered materials in their bulk form. The hierarchical characterization is an intuitive way of testing and understanding of material structure and properties from macro, through micro, to nano scale. This approach allows to engineer and manufacture material with desired properties, for specific functions.
SEM
5) CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARKS: