LAVERNE POUSSAINT, PLUTONIC RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE TEAMS INTL [PRAKTI / DEEPMED LIBRARY], USA
RADON|HOUGH TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF NANODUST EXPLOSIONS FOR FIREGROUND OPERATIONS & FORENSICS BACKGROUND New stabilization, suppression, and extinguishment protocols are required in fire service as are reclassification schemata of fire types and equipment given the highly-conductive, super-charged, nano-phase-change phenomenae of ubiquitous nanohybrid structures, subject as these are to electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical property synergisms occurring at varying layers of the nano-, micro-, macro interface and which are controlled by kinetics not diffusion. Standard-issue thermal imaging cameras [TICs] are not calibrated to capture confined energetic molecules released within a nanomatrix {such as that of mixed-metal-oxide nanopowder or hydrophobic silicone nanofilament}, modified morphologies of nanoparticulates incorporated within nanocomposites {such as polymer nanoclays of gypsum boards, floor tiles, slag wool thermal insulation fibres; or ceria-doped fuel and self-cleaning ovens}, and catalysed bulk matter {such as nanometallic tungsten alloy residuals of dense inert metal bombs deployed in nanoweaponry}, as well as ambiphilic/electrophilic/hydrophilic nano-objects all respond to standard flame retardants in unstable ways. The most avant-garde free-radical halogenating agents to which an average firefighter might readily have access tackle only organic reactions, not that of flammability propagated by arc flash and plasma discharge of engineered nanoparticles. The foregoing are results of a thought experiment on interim hazmat application, introduced here not as formalised mathematical argument but as a catalysed intuition which just might – in light of all of the above - increase survivability and decrease lethality of persons while mitigating property
RADON | HOUGH TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF NANODUST EXPLOSIONS FOR FIREGROUND OPERATIONS, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, & FORENSICS
underwriter exposure and vulnerability.
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE Some nanopowders burn with precise angularity after conversion to nanodust. Considering that atoms manifest themselves as series of parallel lines, what is here proposed is the possibility of deciphering burn, blast, and flash patterns discerned through geometric re-location of a fire’s subsurfaces. Geomorphology of a nanoblast lends itself to reconstruction of its lines in search of trajectories and nonuniformities comprehended indirectly from pixel intensity ratios and via atomic layer coordinate evaluations. By rendering, for example, nanoclays unto seismic analysis {as in the event of earthquake} what might can be detected are straight line tracks of a dustcloud’s charged particles under confinement, nanostructural defects, irregular densities, thermodynamic deformations, dislocations, diffusion, kinetic transformations, etc. Quintessentially, the notion is to convert complex nonlinear patterning of nanocombustibles into simple linear re-construction problems in order to determine a nano-induced explosion’s origin and expansion.
AbsoluteTiming[Radon[ "Hough"]]
,Method
0.83`7.3706230858720465,
MATERIALS & METHODS Learning sets of low-res images of dust explosions {not all designated as nano-induced} were processed utilizing Wolfram’s Mathematica 8 software functions for the purpose of feature extraction and data manipulation. In combination with the programme’s built-in computations, elementary yet explicit algorithmic codes were constructed to perform Radon\Hough transform, Radon transform, cluster analysis, energy measurement computations. Recorded, time-scaled, notebook data {denoted in seconds} at default settings were accepted. Input / Output conversions are given below:
====
AbsoluteTiming[Radon [
]ComponentMeasurements[{
RESULTS & INTERPRETATIONS }, "Energy"]]
LAVERNE POUSSAINT, PLUTONIC RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE TEAMS INTL [PRAKTI / DEEPMED LIBRARY], USA
RADON | HOUGH TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF NANODUST EXPLOSIONS FOR FIREGROUND OPERATIONS, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, & FORENSICS
AbsoluteTiming[Radon
{4.9860000,{ [
]]
AbsoluteTiming[Radon[ ethod"Hough"]]
{143.7600000,
,M
(1682863/891679321),
(21), (3213/361),
ClusteringComponents[
}
===
(435/121)}} =====
,9]
LAVERNE POUSSAINT, PLUTONIC RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE TEAMS INTL [PRAKTI / DEEPMED LIBRARY], USA
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Output supports the proposition that thermograms can be successfully converted to sinograms as a blended solution to fore protection engineering. Peaks were found in the filtered signals of tertiary, very-low res images. Straight lines inferring intensity peaks are detected in image 1, thus demonstrating the validity of Radon|Hough as a recnstruction aid which can be adapted to spheres, rods, wires, crystals, tubes, etc. Blended TIC solutions adding nanometric nodes to field and zone models of TICs, linking back to base stations as specific hazmat intervention application in ground-based operations and postincident evaluations might ultimately decrease line-of-duty deaths and serve as essential apparati to assist in making fast fireground tactical decisions.
REFERENCES {PARTIAL} & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IMAGE 1 / SINOGRAM 1: airport explosion; IMAGE 2 / SINOGRAM 2: refinery fire;IMAGE 3 / SINOGRAM 3: micrograph of molten iron-rich spherical particle collected from spectra of WTC Ground Zero dust; IMAGE 4 / SINOGRAM 4: powdered iron flash fire; Particle Atlas of World Trade Center Dust, H. Lowers and G. Meeker, 2005, USGS Department of the Interior, Open File Report 2005-1165; Dust Explosion Fundamentals: Ignition Criteria and Pressure Development, R. Zalosh, 2010, NFPA; An Updated International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke, S. Olenick and D. Carpenter, 2003; Ignition and Combustion Behaviors of Nanocomposite Al/MoO3 J. Granier and M. Pantoya, 2003; Linear Feature Identification and Inference in Nano-scale Images, i. Lavrik and B. Vidakovic, 2004; Agglomeration Evolution of Nano-Particles Aluminum in Normal Incident Shock Wave, Yan Zheng-Xin, 2005; Estimation de la position/orientation d’une caméra l’aide l’espace de Radon/Hough, P. Etyngier, et al, 2005; Dräger, for educational materials; FM Global, for educational materials; Ivan Cholakov, Image 1; US Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board, Hoeganaes Corp. powdered iron flash fire, 2011, Image 4; NIOSH Fire Fatality Investigation & Prevention Program, Death in the Line of Duty, Executive Summery, July 2012.
RADON | HOUGH TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF NANODUST EXPLOSIONS FOR FIREGROUND OPERATIONS, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, & FORENSICS