R f by nazmy

Revision F Units 16, 17 & 18 ry

ula b a c

ing

n Liste

blow (v) – blew – blown

)‫تهب (للرياح‬

lie (v) – lay – lain

‫يرقد‬

market (n)

‫سوق‬

meal (n)

‫وجبة‬

cry (v) – cried

‫يصرخ‬

nature (n)

‫طبيعة‬

definitely (adv)

‫بالتأكيد‬

ordinary (adj)

‫عادى‬

patient (adj)

‫صبور‬

enjoy (v) – ed

‫يستمتع بــ‬

favourite (adj)

‫ٌمفضل‬

wake up – woke – woken

formal (adj)

‫رسمى‬

waves (n)

‫أمواج‬

wind (n)

‫رياح‬

increase (v) – d

‫يزيد‬

interview (v) – ed

lary

bu oca

cause (v) – d

centre (n) charity (n) climate change damage (n) healthier (adj) 296

‫يقوم بعمل مقابلة‬

din a e R

recycle (v) – d ‫يسبب‬

‫مركز‬

‫جمعية خيرية‬

‫التغير المناخى‬

‫تلف‬

‫أكثر صحة‬

safer (adj) share (v) – d (with) tins (n) warm (adj) waste (v) – d

‫يستيقظ‬

‫يعيد تصنيع‬ ‫أكثر أمانا‬

)‫يشارك (مع‬ ‫صفائح‬

‫دافئ‬

‫يضيع‬

Revision F

ry bula

Voca

Extra

i Read

‫محام‬

lawyer (n) mathematics (n)

‫الرياضيات‬

compulsory (adj)

‫اجبارى‬

opportunity (n)

‫فرصة‬

equal (adj)

‫مساوى‬

reform (n)

‫اصالح‬

educated (adj)

‫متعلم‬

society (n)

‫مجتمع‬

education (n)

‫التعليم‬

technology (n)

improvement (n)

‫تحسن‬

‫التكنولوجيا‬

Definitions compulsory

‫اجباري‬

educated

‫متعلم‬

equal improvement opportunity reform take for granted

‫مساو‬ ‫ تحسين‬-‫تحسن‬ ‫فرصة‬

must be done because of a rule or law an educated person has a high standard of knowledge and education the same in size, value, amount, etc. when something becomes better than it was a chance to do something

‫اصالح‬

change that is made to a political or legal system in order to make it fairer or more effective

‫أمر مفروغ منه‬

to believe that something is true without making sure

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Units (16, 17 & 18)

Phrases, Expressions, Idioms & Prepositions break onto the beach ‫تتكسر على الشاطئ‬ cut down forests

‫يقطع الغابات‬

follow … advice

‫ النصيحة‬... ‫يتبع‬

low-energy light bulbs ‫لمبات قليلة استهالك الطاقة‬ take for granted

‫أمر مفروغ منه‬

Notes on Vocabulary do a favour He did me a favour I won’t forget. in favour of Some people are in favour of old cars. favourable The reviews on his films are favourable. favourite What’s your favourite subject ?

‫ جميـل‬- ‫معـروف‬ ‫مؤيـد لـ‬ ‫ فى صالـح‬- ‫ مشجـع‬- ‫مؤيـد‬ ‫ محبـوب‬- ‫مفضـل‬

‫يسبـب‬ cause What caused the fire? ‫سبـب‬ cause of + ‫ اسـم‬ What was the cause of the fire? ‫ يتجـادل مـع‬- ‫يحاول إقـناع‬ reason with I reasoned with him for hours, but I couldn't make him change his mind. ‫داع ـ مبـرر ـ سبب‬ reason for + ‫ اسـم‬ Can you give the reason for leaving ? ‫السبب في‬ the reason why + ‫ جمــلة كامــلة‬ Is there a reason why you can't come?

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Listening Text Interviewer : W e hear a lot these days about noise pollution and people often talk about the noises and sounds they find annoying. But what about sounds that people enjoy? Most people enjoy listening to music, but what about other sounds they like? We interviewed people in the street and asked them to tell us their favourite sounds. Here are their answers. Narrator One: Woman 1 : For me, it’s the sound my baby makes when she wakes up in the morning, unless she’s crying of course. If she’s happy and comfortable, she’s very patient and just lies there and makes funny little noises. She’s usually very happy when she first wakes up. She just loves saying new words to herself. Narrator Two: Man 1 : My favourite sound is definitely the sound of my children talking and laughing when they’re playing. They’re not worried about anything, they’re just enjoying what they’re doing. Narrator Three: Woman 2 : My favourite sounds are the sounds of nature, like the wind blowing in the trees or waves as they break onto the beach. And of course, the sound of birds singing, especially very early in the morning. I love it when they wake me up. Narrator Four: Man 2 : Hmm, that’s an interesting question. I enjoy listening to music, especially when I’m driving my car. And I love the sound my car engine makes when I’m driving fast. I find that really exciting. Narrator Five: Woman 3 : I love the sound of the street market in my town when I go shopping there early in the morning. It’s a really interesting noise. Friendly traders are shouting out the prices of their goods and people are telling each other their news. I like markets because they’re less formal than ordinary shops. Narrator Six: Child : My favourite sound is the sound of a busy kitchen, especially if someone’s cooking a meal for me. It makes me really hungry. 299

Units (16, 17 & 18)

Revision F

Interviewer : We hear a lot these days about noise pollution and people often talk about the noises and sounds they find annoying. But what about sounds that people enjoy? Most people enjoy listening to music, but what about other sounds they like? We interviewed people in the street and asked them to tell us their favourite sounds. Here are their answers. Narrator One: Woman 1

: For me, it’s the sound my baby makes when she wakes up in the morning, unless she’s crying of course. If she’s happy and comfortable, she’s very patient and just lies there and makes funny little noises. She’s usually very happy when she first wakes up. She just loves saying new words to herself.

Narrator Two: Man 1

: My favourite sound is definitely the sound of my children talking and laughing when they’re playing. They’re not worried about anything, they’re just enjoying what they’re doing.

Narrator Three: Woman 2

: My favourite sounds are the sounds of nature, like the wind blowing in the trees or waves as they break onto the beach. And of course, the sound of birds singing, especially very early in the morning. I love it when they wake me up.

Narrator Four: Man 2

: Hmm, that’s an interesting question. I enjoy listening to music, especially when I’m driving my car. And I love the sound my car engine makes when I’m driving fast. I find that really exciting.

Narrator Five: Woman 3

: I love the sound of the street market in my town when I go shopping there early in the morning. It’s a really interesting noise. Friendly traders are shouting out the prices of their goods and people are telling each other their news. I like markets because they’re less formal than ordinary shops.

Narrator Six: Child : My favourite sound is the sound of a busy kitchen, especially if someone’s cooking a meal for me. It makes me really hungry. 300

Revision F

Reading Text Saving our planet We hear a lot about the damage that is being caused to the earth: our cars and factories increase pollution; forests are being cut down so that farmers can have more land to grow food for the world’s increasing population; and we are not doing enough to prevent animal and plant species from becoming extinct. So how can we make sure our planet survives? Here are some things everyone can do which will also save us money. Firstly, we should use less energy. This will slow climate change and save money. We could start by turning off lights, computers and other machines in our homes when we are not using them. We could also use low-energy light bulbs and wash our clothes in warm (not hot) water. Next, we should think about what we use and what we get rid of. Here are a few simple ideas that will save money as well as the environment. Use both sides of sheets of paper in a computer printer; if you get a new mobile phone, give your old one to a charity to recycle; take newspapers, bottles and tins to a recycling centre. A lot of the food that we buy is wasted: only buy what you need. Finally, think about how you travel. Sometimes, you can make a phone call or send an email instead of making a journey. The cheapest way of getting about is to share a car with a friend. These are small things, but if everyone follows this advice, the earth will be a healthier, safer place.

Questions & Answers 1. What is the damage that is being caused to the earth nowadays? ‫ما هو الدمار الذي يحدث لألرض هذة األيام؟‬ Our cars and factories increase pollution. Forests are being cut down and this also causes pollution. ‫لماذا يتم قطع الغابات؟‬ 2. Why are forests being cut down? So that farmers can have more land to grow food for the world’s increasing population. 301

Revision F

Units (16, 17 & 18)

3. Why should we use less energy? As this will slow climate change and save money.

‫لماذا يجب ان نستخدم طاقة أقل؟‬

4. We all should save energy at our homes. How can we do that? ‫ كيف نفعل ذلك؟‬.‫يجب علينا جميعا أن نوفر الطاقة في بيوتنا‬ 1- B y turning off lights, computers and other machines in our homes when we are not using them. 2- By using low-energy light bulbs. 3- By washing our clothes in warm (not hot) water. 5. Mention some ideas that help us to save money as well as the environment. .‫أذكر بعض األفكار التي تساعد في توفير المال باالضافة الي انقاذ البيئة‬ 1- Use both sides of sheets of paper in a computer printer. 2- Give your old mobile phone to a charity to recycle. 3- Take newspapers, bottles and tins to a recycling centre. 4- Buy only the food that you need.

Extra Reading Education today and in the past Today most children have an education, but we should not take this for granted. Things were very different in the past, when only a small number of children went to school. These were mostly the children of important people in society and they became lawyers or doctors. At that time, reading, writing and mathematics were the most important subjects. Nearly everywhere, it was only boys who were given an education, while girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned to cook and look after the home. The children of poor people did not have the opportunity of going to school and many of them started work at a very young age. Since then, there have been many reforms in education. Some people still pay for their children to go to school, but the greatest changes and improvements have been in public education. Compulsory education, which is free to everyone, usually starts between the ages of four and six and continues until children are sixteen or eighteen. Reading, writing and mathematics are still the most important subjects, 302

Revision F

but other subjects, such as science and technology, are also important for people growing up in the modern world. In modern societies, boys and girls now have equal opportunities in education. One of the greatest changes has been to higher education. In some countries between 40% and 60% of students aged 18 and over now go to university, but this is not usually free. In most places parents have to pay for their children’s higher education.

Questions & Answers on Extra Reading 1. In the past, what kind of work did educated people do? ‫ ما نوع العمل الذى عمله معظم المتعلمين؟‬،‫فى الماضى‬ They were lawyers or doctors. 2. At what age does compulsory education usually begin? It usually begins between the ages of four and six.

‫فى أى سن بدأ التعليم اإلجبارى؟‬

3. Which five school subjects are most important today? Reading, writing, mathematics, science and technology.

‫ما أهم خمس مواد دراسية اليوم؟‬

4. How has education for people of 18 and over changed in modern times? ‫ فيما فوق فى العصر الحديث؟‬18 ‫كيف تغير التعليم لمن عمرهم‬ Many more young people go to university than in the past. 5. Why do you think so few children went to school in the past? ‫لماذا فى رأيك ذهب قليل من األطفال إلى المدرسة فى الماضى؟‬ Poor families could not afford to educate their children. Many children were needed to earn money, for example working in the family business. 6. Why do you think girls did not get an education in the past? ‫ لم يحصل البنات على فرصة التعليم فى الماضى؟‬- ‫ فى رأيك‬- ‫لماذا‬ Men’s and women’s roles in society were very clearly defined: men went to work, women usually stayed at home to look after children. Most men needed an education, but most women did not. 303

Revision F

Units (16, 17 & 18)

Test

Units 16 - 18 Workbook

A Language Functions 1 Finish the following dialogue:

Someone is making a complaint at a hotel.. Man : I'm sorry to bother you. I'd like to make a complaint. Hotel office : .................... (1) ....................? Man : The window in my room won’t close. Hotel office : . ................... (2) .................... I’ll ask someone to repair it for you this afternoon. Man : .................... (3) ....................? Hotel office : Ok, I’ll see if someone can visit your room now. Man : When do you think they will have repaired it? I’d like to go out in thirty minutes. Hotel office : .................... (4) .................... . Man : Before I go out? Thank you.

2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1. Some new friends phone you to say that they can’t find your house and they don’t know where they are. Ask your mother for advice. 2. A person phones you and asks to speak to your father. He is not here. 3. Your cousins phone you and say that they have missed the train to Cairo. Suggest that they take the bus. 4. You make a complaint at a shop but the assistant cannot help you. You want to speak to the manager.

B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

The computers .................. used by all the children in the school. a) will b) will be c) will have d) have 2 Mona can’t play tennis at 9.30 because she won’t .................. her homework by then. c) finished d) finishing a) have finished b) be finished 1

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The museum .................. visited by thousands of people this year. a) was been b) has been c) has d) have 4 You can’t use classroom 2 because it .................. redecorated. a) is being b) being c) was been d) will have 5 Magda does not like airports because there is always a lot of .................. . a) noises b) noise c) a noise d) the noise 6 Many people in Europe have light brown .................. . a) hairs b) hair c) hairy d) the hairs 7 Please can you go to the shops and buy a .................. of honey. a) piece b) cup c) jar d) plate 8 The story is not real, it is .................. . a) factual b) virtual c) financial d) fictional 9 The baby has a very happy .................. on his face. a) ecosystem b) expression c) emotions d) effect 10 When the lion ran towards me, I felt .................. . a) terrified b) annoyed c) dangerous d) bored 11 Some animals are .................. , so you only see them at night. a) naughty b) national c) nocturnal d) cracked 12 There are very good leisure .................. in my city, so I am never bored. a) facilities b) guides c) hectares d) horns 3

the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the 4 Rewrite same meaning: 1 Conan Doyle invented Sherlock Holmes. 2 Someone ate my lunch! 3 There's not much sugar left in the container. 4 The noise in that room is so loud!

(by) (has been) (a little) (a lot of)

and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 5 Find

The story is about a criminal that happened in London 100 years ago. (............) 2 An important machine was given from a factory by a thief. (............) 3 The owner of the factory asked an astronomer to find who had taken it. (............) 4 The thief who took the machine was found and sent to space. (............) 1

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Revision F

Units (16, 17 & 18)

Reading

the following passage, then answer the questions: 6 Read

Does the sound of an insect in your room bother you? There are more than 900,000 kinds of insects, but scientists think that only about 80 percent of the world's species have been studied. In the future, we will probably find many more. So before you get rid of that annoying insect in your room, remember that they can play an important part in our ecosystem. They help plants to grow, they remove natural rubbish and they are food for many birds and animals. Some scientists think that insects are healthy to eat. They think that more and more people will have started to eat insects by the time your grandchildren are adults. Some insects are annoying and some are dangerous, but other insects may be more useful than you realise! A) Answer the following questions: 1. What percent of insect species do scientists not know about? 2. What will scientists study more of In the future? 3. In what ways can insects help the ecosystem? 4. Why do you think people might eat insects in the future? B) Choose the correct answer from aŘ&#x152; bŘ&#x152; c or d: 5. What do many people do With insects that are annoying? b) They eat them. a) They get rid of them. c) They put them In a room. d) They give them to their grandchildren. 6. When do some scientists think that more people will eat Insects? b) In about 20 years a) in about ten years d) in about 200 years c) in about 60-70 years

7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1. Why is it necessary to produce more food? 2. Why do you think millions of people around the world are hungry? 3. What is Sir Henry Baskerville going to inherit? 4. Why do you think Sherlock Holmes becomes interested in Dr Mortimer's story? 5. Why do you think light pollution makes birds lose their way? 6. What do you think we can do to reduce the problem of light pollution? 306

Revision F

The Novel (Oliver Twist)

8 A) Answer the following questions: 1. Why do you think Mr Sikes ran away from London hours after he heard Noah's news? 2. Who is Edwin Leeford and what other name did he use? 3. Why do you think Charley Bates started to fight with Mr Sikes? 4. What did the servants from the workhouse say about Mrs Bumble? 5. What are the papers that Fagin has hidden in his chimney? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions? "This is not true I” cried Monks. “I do not have a brother" a) Who is Monks talking to? b) Who is Monks’s brother? c) What kind of person is Monks? How do we know this?

Writing

9 Write a paragraph of about ninety (90) words on one (1) of the following: 1. pollution in your city or village. 2. a crime and how it was solved.

F Translation

10 A) Translate into Arabic:

1. It is necessary to turn off any lights that are not needed. 2. Egypt has reclaimed 400,000 hectares of desert to produce more food. B) Translate into English: ‫ يجب أن ُيعاقب كل مهمل على إهماله؟‬-

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Revision F

Units (16, 17 & 18)

Test

Units 16 - 18 Longman (modified)

A Language Functions

1 Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:

Samy meets a classmate from school who left Cairo and moved to Hurghada after he finished university. Samy : Hello, Musa. I haven’t seen you for two years. .................... (1) ....................? Musa : I moved to Hurghada two years ago. Samy : Are you sorry for doing this? Musa : .................... (2) .................... . Samy : Why do you like living there? Musa : .................... (3) .................... . Samy : Great! You don’t have any plans to return to live in Cairo, do you? Musa : No, I don’t. Samy : .................... (4) ....................? Musa : I advise you to move out to new places away from pollution.

2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1. Your younger sister has an angry expression on her face. 2. Your friend asks you about your summer holiday plans. 3. You think that your family is going to travel next Thursday, but you want to make sure with your father. 4. Y our grandfather thinks that globalisation is not good. You disagree and give a reason.

B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1 My son is usually .............. to the most important meetings as he is a good speaker.

a) invites b) inviting c) invited d) invite 2 By this time next year, we will .................. this great project. a) carry out b) be carrying out c) have carried out d) carry 3 As a teacher, I always give my students some useful .................. . a) advice b) advices c) advise d) advises 308

Revision F

4 After

the terrible accident, a lot of people .................. to hospital. a) took b) were taken c) are taken d) was taken 5 Don’t worry my dear. I .................. this problem in an hour. a) will have solved b) will be solved c) am going to solve d) solve 6 My father .................. this house from his father when he died. a) transmitted b) orbited c) warned d) inherited 7 The old house has been fixed and now it .................. . a) decorating b) is decorating c) being decorated d) is being decorated 8 The police have .................. who collect information to try to solve crimes. a) landlords b) detectives c) instructors d) scientists 9 .................. means the number of types of plants and animals in an area. a) Biology b) Geology c) Biodiversity d) Biography 10 Every .................. of animal and plant plays an important role in our ecosystem. a) species b) pieces c) spices d) special 11 It is important that my son .................. early in the morning because of his school. a) goes off b) puts up with c) gets up d) gets rid of 12 He always presses the .................. of his car while driving. That is very annoying. a) park b) horns c) wheel d) tyre the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the 4 Rewrite same meaning: 1 How much honey do you want? 2 He had done all his work before he sent he mail. 3 He will be preparing to travel from 3 to 5 o’clock. 4 There is not much luggage in the hotel lobby.

(many) (was) (by 6 o’clock…) (There is ………)

and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 5 Find

We got to work at eight o’clock this morning. “Got” here means became. (................) 2 Nada felt boring because she has watched this film before. (................) 3 The alarm went up when the thieves broke into the house. (................) 4 Some dangerous animals died of. This means they become extinct. (................) 1

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Revision F

Units (16, 17 & 18)

Reading

the following passage, then answer the questions: 6 Read

Buck was a big, strong dog with thick fur. A man took Buck to Alaska in the far north, where gold had been discovered. There, Buck and a team of other dogs had to pull a sled for many kilometres over ice and snow. It was hard work. One day, the man wanted to cross a river of ice. The sled was very heavy and Buck knew the ice was thin. Buck, who was the first dog in the team, refused to move. The man beat him, but Buck would not go. Finally, the man set Buck free and started to go across the river with the other dogs. The sled fell through the ice, and the dogs and man drowned. Buck ran away to join a pack of wild dogs in the forest.

A) Answer the following questions: 1. Why did the man take Buck to Alaska? 2. What does the underlined word “There” mean? 3. What happened to the man and the other dogs in the end? 4. Why do you think Buck refused to move? B) Choose the correct answer from a، b، c or d: 5. What does the underlined word “sled” mean? a) a food b) a vehicle c) a glacier d) a tool 6. Why did the man set Buck free? a) So that Buck wouldn’t drown. b) So that Buck could join the wild dogs. c) So that they wouldn’t be too heavy on the ice. d) So that he could cross with the other dogs.

7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:

1. What does the legend say in the story “The Hound of the Baskervilles 2. What do you like about Sherlock Holmes’s character? 3. Why is it important to reclaim land for farming? 4. Some people are worried about biodiversity. Discuss. 5. The orange light is an uncommon phenomenon. Illustrate. 6. If you could choose to keep one kind of light on at night, which kind would you choose?

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Revision F

The Novel (Oliver Twist)

8 A) Answer the following questions: 1. Who was the woman in the painting at Mr Brownlow’s house? 2. In your opinion, how did Mr Brownlow know Monks? 3. Why didn’t Mr Brownlow pay fifty pounds to anyone for taking Bill Sikes? 4. Why did Oliver and Mr Brownlow visit Fagin in prison? 5. Do you agree that Sikes deserved his end? Why? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions? “Oliver! I’m so happy to see you again. You have always been such a good boy!” 1. Who said this to Oliver? 2. Where and when were these words said? 3. Do you think the speaker meant these words? Why or why not?

Writing

9 Write a paragraph of about (90) words about one of the following: 1. Journey you would like to make. 2. The role of women to develop their country.

10 A) Translate into Arabic:

F Translation

1. It is important to find a new home for the rare tortoises. 2. It is exciting to learn about communities in other countries. B) Translate into English: .‫طريقة تواصلنا الحديثة أصبحت ممكنة بسبب األقمار الصناعية‬

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