Unit 16 Today’s world problems
Objectives
Listening : Listening for gist and specific information Grammar
: The future perfect
Reading : Reading for detail and specific information Critical thinking : Appreciating the importance of food production Functions : Asking for and making suggestions Writing : Writing an email about a place of environmental interest
Key Vocabulary
agricultural (adj) agriculture (n) Biodiversity (n) climate change ecosystem (n) extinct (adj) extinction (n) get rid of (v) habitats (n) hectare (n) 212
زراعى زراعة التنوع البيولوجى تغير مناخى النظام البيئى ُمنقرض
انقراض
يتخلص من موطن – مسكن طبيعى )هكتار (وحدة قياس األراضى
process (n) production (n) productive (adj) reclaim (v) – ed species (n) store (v) – d suitable (adj) survive (v) – d threat (n) threaten (v) – ed
عملية انتاج منتج – مثمر يستصلح فصائل يخزن مناسب يبقى على قيد الحياة تهديد يهدد
UNIT 16
ry
ula cab
Vo
on
activities (n)
ing
n Liste
hunter (n)
أنشطة يؤثر
affect (v) – ed
القطب الشمالى
Arctic (n)
certain (adj) ≠ uncertain محدد ≠ غير محدد محاصيل crops (n)
صياد
illegal (adj) ≠ legal غير قانونى ≠ قانونى
insect (n)
lose (v) – lost
matter (n)
mean (v) – meant ordinary (adj)
حشرة
يفقد – يخسر
موضوع يعنى عادى
disappear (v) – ed
يختفى
polar bear (n)
الدب القطبى
forests (n)
غابات
prediction (n)
التنبؤ
growth (n)
نمو
اختفاء
disappearance (n)
grow (v) – grew – grown
يزرع
growing (adj)
متزايد
humanity (n)
انسانية
انسان
human (n)
يصطاد
hunt (v) – ed
ry
ula cab
Vo
add (v) – ed
on R
areas (n)
carefully (adv) careful (adj)
continue (v) – d
development (n)
develop (v) – ed feed (v) – fed feeding (n)
predict (v) – ed protect (v) – ed
protection (n) remote (adj)
survive (v) – d
survival (n)
high-quality
ing ead
يضيف مناطق
hungry (adj) hunger (n)
إطعام- تغذية
يبقى على قيد الحياة
البقاء على قيد الحياة
جودة عالية
جوعان جوع
واحة
oases (plural)
ُيطعم
بعيد
oasis (n)
يستمر
ينمى – يطور
حماية
يزداد
manage (v) – d
تنمية
يحمى
increase (v) – d
بعناية
حريص
يتنبأ
population (n) shortage (n)
succeed (v) – ed success (n)
يدير
واحات
الكثافة السكانية
نقص
ينجح
نجاح 213
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UNIT 16
Critical Thinking & Communication Vocabulary busy times
أوقات الذروة
inexpensive (adj)
رخيص
plan (n)
plant (v) – ed unusual (adj)
خطة
W orkbook V ocabulary
يزرع
غير عادى
achieve (v) – d
يحقق
interest (n)
اهتمام
achievement (n)
انجاز
machine (n)
ماكينة
سيارات كهربائية
natural (adj)
طبيعى
nature (n)
طبيعة
electric cars environmental (adj)
بيئى
flood (v) – ed
يفيض
floods (n)
فيضانات
get married
يتزوج
have a child
ينجب طفال
recycle (v) – d recycling (n) result (n) the Amazon
يعيد تصنيع اعادة التصنيع نتيجة نهر األمازون
Definitions agricultural biodiversity climate change
214
زراعى التنوع البيولوجى تغير مناخى
related to the work of growing crops and keeping animals on farms for food m eans the number of types of plants and animals in an area changes to the usual weather patterns because of the increases in carbon dioxide caused by the use of fossil fuels
UNIT 16
النظام البيئى
t he animals and plants in an area and their relation to each other
ُمنقرض
d escribing an animal or plant that no longer exists
يتخلص من
t hrow away, sell something so that you do not have it any more
موطن – مسكن طبيعى
n atural environment in which a plant or animal lives
hectare
)هكتار (وحدة قياس األراضى
a unit for measuring an area of land, equal to 10,000 square metres
process
عملية
a series of things you do to achieve a particular result
production
انتاج
t he process of making or growing things, or the amount that is produced
productive
منتج
fertile
ecosystem extinct get rid of habitat
reclaim
يستصلح
make land useful for farming, building, etc
species
فصيلة
group of animals or plants of the same kind
store
يخزن
t o put things away and keep them until you need them
suitable
مناسب
r ight or acceptable for a particular purpose or situation
survive
يبقى على قيد الحياة
to continue to live or exist in a difficult situation
تهديد
s omething that may cause damage to a person or thing
threat
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Phrases, Expressions, Idioms & Prepositions become extinct become worse cut down forests desert areas die out drive through enough for in danger in time kind of know about live on move out of move to program about
ينقرض
يصبح أسوأ
تقطيع الغابات
مناطق صحراوية
find it difficult to get better go up by play a ( role / part )
ينقرض
raise animals
كاف لــ
provide for
يقود عبر
well managed
فى خطر
quarter of
نوع من
shortage of
فى الوقت المناسب
يعرف عن
result of species of
يعيش على
store for
ينتقل الى
turn into
يخرج بعيدا عن برنامج عن
threat to worried about
يجد صعوبة فى
يتحسن
يزداد بمقدار
يلعب دور
يربى حيوانات
تدار بشكل جيد يمد بــ
ربع من
نتيجة لــ
نقص فى
فصائل من
يخزن لفترة
تهديد لــ
يتحول إلى
قلق على
Notes on Vocabulary يواكب keep up with = do something as quickly as possible World food production has kept up with population growth. We try to keep up with all the changes in computer technology. يستمر keep on Imad was very tired, but he kept on running as fast as he could. يبقى بعيدا عن keep out of They’re good girls who always try to keep out of trouble. )يبتعد عن (االعشاب keep off There’s a large sign in the park which says, “Keep off the grass”. 216
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electric (adj) connected with electricity )كهربائى أى يعمل بالكهرباء (لوصف األدوات واألجهزة
I have a modern electric washing machine. Engineers designed electric cars that use batteries. )كهربائى أى يتعامل مع الكهرباء (لوصف األعطال واألشخاص electrical (adj) The fire started with an electrical fault. My father works as an electrical engineer. الكهرباء electricity (n) We can’t do without electricity. عامل فنى كهرباء electrician ( n ) A company needs four electricians. die of يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش He died of cancer. die from (a wound / an injury / a spider bite) ) يموت من ( جرح ـ إصابة ـ لدغة عقرب أو عنكبوت He died from the scorpion’s bites. ينقرض die out Some dangerous animals died out. فى الميعاد تماما on time Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time. ) فى الوقت المناسب ( قبل الميعاد بقليل in time We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane left.
Confusing Words • habitat
موطن – مسكن طبيعى
• habit
يكتشف
• invent • explore
• human
انسان
• humane
• species
فصائل
• discover
• spices
عادة يخترع يستكشف األماكن انسانى توابل 217
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Today’s world problems
Listening Text Hussein : Did you see that programme on television last night about biodiversity? Dina : No, I didn’t. Was it interesting? Hussein : Yes, very. Dina : So what is biodiversity? Hussein : It means the number of different plants and animals in the world. There are millions of different species and they are still discovering new species of animals and plants today in remote areas. Scientists won’t have discovered all of these species for hundreds of years. The problem is that by that time, many of the species will have become extinct before we even know about them. Dina : So are we losing species of plants and animals? Hussein : Yes, we are. That’s what the programme was really about. They said that many species are disappearing because of human activities. Dina : Does that matter? Hussein : Yes. The problem is that every animal and plant plays an important role in our ecosystem. For example, if an insect lives on a certain plant, and farmers get rid of that plant to grow their crops, that insect species may become extinct. This could mean that the birds and other animals which eat these insects will also become extinct in time. Dina : I see what you mean. But what can we do to stop so many species dying out? Hussein : Well, we should try to protect the habitats where they live. One way of doing that is to stop cutting down forests to grow crops. Dina : There must be other things we can do. Hussein : Well, we could protect animals and plants which are in danger. There are many ways of doing this, like making it illegal to hunt certain animals. Dina : And what about climate change? Is climate change a threat to biodiversity too? Hussein : Yes, I’m afraid so. Some scientists say that 40 percent of the Amazon will have gone by 2115 if the earth’s temperature goes up by 2°C. In the Arctic, animals like polar bears are already finding it difficult to survive. Some people are predicting that thousands of species of plants and animals will have disappeared by the year 2100. 218
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Dina : That’s terrible. We have to do something to stop that from happening. Hussein : I agree, but what can ordinary people do about climate change? Dina : I don’t know, but we have to try to do something.
Reading Text Feeding the world By 2050, the population of the world will have grown to about nine billion, and people are asking whether there will be enough food for everyone. The answer is uncertain. Scientists say that during the last 40 years, world food production has kept up with population growth, but this may not continue. Firstly, there is a shortage of suitable land. We have already used over a quarter of the earth’s land area. By 2050, farmers will have used even more high-quality land and will have to use less-productive areas. Secondly, in many countries there is already a shortage of water for growing crops, and this problem will probably have become worse by 2050. Finally, nobody knows how climate change will affect food production. Scientists know that the world can produce enough food for the world’s population, but millions of people are hungry because food is in the wrong place, is too expensive, or cannot be stored for long enough. One way in which Egypt has increased food production is to turn desert areas into new agricultural land. In recent years, the country has reclaimed 400,000 hectares of desert and another 600,000 hectares will be added in the next few years. It is hoped that people will move out of the cities to work in agriculture and so help Egypt to produce more food. This process will only succeed if there is enough water and if this is managed carefully. In Abu Minqar, a Western Desert oasis where water is well managed, farmers can grow many different crops and raise animals successfully. More developments like this will help Egypt and other countries to produce enough food for their growing populations. 219
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Questions & Answers 1. How will the population of the world have grown by 2050? ؟2050 كيف سيكون عدد سكان العالم قد نما بحلول عام To about 9 billion. 2. Scientists have an opinion concerning world food production during the last 40 years. Discuss ناقش. الماضية04 العلماء لديهم رأي بشأن اإلنتاج الغذائي العالمي خالل السنوات ال They think that world food production has kept up with population growth during the last 40 years, but this may not continue. 3. Why do scientists think that there will be problems for world food production? لماذا يعتقد العلماء أنه سيكون هناك مشاكل إلنتاج الغذاء في العالم ؟ Because of shortage of suitable land for agriculture, shortage of water and climate change. 4. What are the difficulties which will have faced the farmers by 2050? ؟2050 ما هي الصعوبات التي ستواجه المزارعين بحلول عام Farmers will have to use less-productive areas. 5. The world produce enough food for the world’s population, but millions of people are hungry. Illustrate. . وضح. ولكن الماليين من الناس جائعون، العالم ينتج ما يكفي من الغذاء لـسكان العالم Because food is in the wrong place, is too expensive, or cannot be stored for long enough. 6. How can Egypt increase food production? كيف يمكن لمصر زيادة اإلنتاج الغذائي؟ The only way is to turn desert areas into new agricultural land. 7. How much land has Egypt reclaimed in recent years? كم مساحة األرض التى استصلحت مصر في السنوات األخيرة؟ 400,000 hectares of desert. 8. How much land will be added in the next few years? كم مساحة األرض التى ستضاف في السنوات القليلة؟ 600,000 hectares. 9. Why is it hoped that people will move out of the cities to work in agriculture? لماذا يوجد أمل أن الناس سوف تتحرك للخروج من المدن للعمل في الزراعة؟ To produce more food. 220
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10. What are the factors which will help the process of reclaiming to succeed? ما هي العوامل التي سوف تساعد عملية االستصالح على النجاح ؟ If there is enough water and if this is managed carefully. 11. What is Abu Minqar? It is a Western Desert oasis.
ما هى أبو منقار؟
كيف هي عملية الزراعة في أبو منقار؟ 12. How is the agriculture process in Abu Minqar? Water is well managed, farmers can grow many different crops and raise animals successfully. 13. How can developments help Egypt and other countries? كيف يمكن أن تساعد التطورات مصر وغيرها من البلدان ؟ They help to produce enough food for their growing populations.
Critical Thinking Questions & Answers 14. Do you think it is a good idea to reclaim land for farming? Why/Why not? لما ال؟/هل تعتقد انها فكرة جيدة أن تستصلح األراضي من أجل الزراعة؟ لما It is a good idea because the population will grow and we need more land to grow food. 15. Why is water so important? Think of its different uses. SB .لماذا الماء هامة جدا؟ فكر فى استخدامتها المختلفة Because we need water for cooking, washing, drinking, growing plants and for many industrial processes. Most importantly, it is essential to support all life forms. 16. Do you think people will move out of the cities to help produce more food? Why/ Why not? لما ال؟/ هل تعتقد أن الناس سوف تتحرك للخروج من المدن للمساعدة في انتاج المزيد من الغذاء ؟ لما Yes, to solve the problem of food shortage. 17. What food can and can’t be stored for a long time? SB ما هي األغذية التى يمكن وال يمكن تخزينها لفترة طويلة ؟ Most soft fruits and some vegetables (for example, cucumber, and lettuce) can’t be stored for a long time. Most other things can be stored for a long time if they are frozen, dried or in tins. 18. Why is some farm produce more expensive to buy than others? SB لماذا بعض المزارع تنتج أغلى من غيرها؟ Some things are easier to grow or produce than others. Things which take a long time to grow or which are hard to transport are usually more expensive. Things which grow easily and are easy to transport are usually less expensive. 221
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19. Would you want to grow your own food? Why/Why not? لما ال؟/ هل تريد أن تزرع الطعام الخاصة بك ؟ لما Yes of course, to be sure that it is healthy. 20. Is the desert or the land near the Nile more productive for farmers? SB هل الصحراء أو األرض بالقرب من النيل أكثر إنتاجية للمزارعين ؟ The land near the Nile is most productive. 21. Where has land been reclaimed from the sea? SB أين تم استصالح االراضى من مياه البحر؟ In some countries such as the Netherlands. 22. Where can you store food in a kitchen?
أين يمكنك تخزين الطعام في المطبخ؟ You can store it in jars, in a cupboard, the fridge, etc.
SB
23. What is the process you use to make tea? SB ما هي الخطوات التي تستخدمها لصنع الشاي ؟ First you boil some water. Then you put tea in a pot. Then you put the water on the tea and wait a little before you pour it.
Exercises 1. What are the expectations for the world’s population by 2050? 2. What are the problems of food which scientists predict? 3. Can we store our food at home easily? Where? 4. What are the steps to make tea? 5. Mention some of the main uses of water. 6. Can we store food for a long time? What are they? 7. How much land has Egypt reclaimed in recent years? 8. What do you know about Abu Minqar? How is it cultivated? 9. Is the idea to reclaiming land for farming useful? Why/Why not? 10. Egypt hopes to reclaim much land in the future. Discuss 11. What are the difficulties which will have faced the farmers by 2050? 12. Egypt has only one way to increase food production. Explain.
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Vocabulary Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: Student’s Book – Workbook
It is always very sad when any animal becomes ................. . a) extinct b) rid of c) worse d) alive 2 Please, can you ................. those empty bottles in the kitchen ? a) get over b) get off c) get rid of d) get rid 3 It is hard for people to ................. in the Arctic. a) alive b) die c) alive d) survive 4 There are millions of ................. of plants living in the Amazon. a) spices b) type c) species d) ones 5 Many animals live in the city, although it is not their usual ................. . a) habitat b) habit c) house d) hold 6 After all that rain, there is a real ................. that the river will flood. a) treatment b) throw c) threat d) possible 7 Every animal and plant plays an important role in our ................. . a) ecofriendly b) ecosystem c) ecohome d) ecowarrior 8 What about climate change, is that a threat to ................. too? a) biography b) biology c) biochemistry d) biodiversity 9 Every species of animal and plant plays an important ................. in our ecosystem. a) role b) rule c) parts d) place 10 We should stop cutting ................. forests to provide land for growing crops. a) with b) down c) up d) from 11 People think that floods and very high temperatures are probably the result of ................. change. a) climatic b) climatical c) climate d) climates 1
NEW
GEM
12 ................. is a unit for measuring an area of land, equal to 10,000 square metres.
a) Feddan b) Hectare c) Meal d) Kilometre 13 Toshiba is increasing ................. of its popular line of laptop computers. a) introduction b) producer c) productive d) production
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14 The
Today’s world problems
organisation is trying to ................. desert land for farming. a) reclaim b) resolve c) build d) solve 15 The ............. of applying to a college is often verytime-consuming. مستهلكة للوقت a) operation b) mission c) job d) process 16 The world’s supply of ................. . land is shrinking fast. a) agronomist b) agriculture c) agricultural d) agronomy 17 It’s important to ................. some kinds food in a cool place. b) tear c) eat d) score a) store 18 Each room has books, toys, and games that are ................. . to that particular age group. a) suitability b) suitable c) suitably d) suit 19 For a teacher to hit a child is not just morally wrong but also ................. . a) acceptable b) formal c) legal d) illegal 20 The criminal was accused of committing crimes against ................. . a) humanity b) human c) humane d) man 21 We have seen an enormous ................. in the number of businesses using the Web. a) growing b) grown c) growth d) grow 22 A/An ................. is a small creature such as a fly or ant, that has six legs, and sometimes wings. a) insect b) animal c) sheep d) cattle 23 There is a ................. of food in some African countries. a) similar b) luck c) lake d) shortage 24 Because of technology, there is a great ................. in the field of agriculture. a) retirement b) development c) complement d) statement 25 Ismail’s wages are hardly enough to ................. his family. a) ripe b) eat c) feed d) uproot 26 . ................ cars are kinder vehicles to the environment. a) Electrical b) Electric c) Electronic d) Electricity 27 After two days of continuous rain, the village was ................. . a) flood b) flooded c) flooding d) feeding 28 The ................. damage is caused by the chemical industry. a) environment b) environmentally c) environmental d) environmentalist 29 The word ................. means using objects or materials through a special process so that they can be used again. a) cycling b) repairing c) recycling d) renaming 224
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30 Employees need
to keep up ................. the latest technical developments. a) with b) by c) at d) to 31 Keep your hands ................. me. a) on b) off c) out of d) up with 32 The country is changing very quickly and many of the old traditions are dying ................. . a) of b) from c) out d) by 33 Ali ................. a cat in his father’s villa when he was young. a) rose b) raised c) erased d) aroused 34 Do you know that they are going to ................. married? a) have b) get c) make d) leave 35 Unemployment in the country has gone ................. by a million. a) with b) at c) up d) for 36 Accidents are the ................. of driving too fast. a) reason b) cause c) result d) deduction 37 Samar ................. to work after she had her baby. a) stopped b) finalised c) continued d) finished 38 You need to think very ................. about which course you want to do. a) care b) carefree c) careful d) carefully 39 My parents encouraged my ................. in science. a) interest b) interested c) interesting d) insert 40 A ................. is a person who hunts wild animals, or an animal that hunts other animals for food. a) hunters b) hunt c) hunter d) hunting
2 Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences: Student’s Book – Workbook
1. Scientists are still trying to discover new spices. (............) 2. Insects may become distinct if the crops they live on disappear. (............) 3. They are still discovering new species from animals and plants today in remote areas. (............) 4. I f an insect lives on a certain plant, and farmers get rid from that plant to grow their crops, that insect species may become extinct. (............) 5. We should try to protect the habits where they live. (............) 6. Animals like polar bears are already finding it difficult to survival. (............) 225
Today’s world problems
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NEW
GEM
7. he disappear of the ship on its mission in 1925, has never been explained. (............) 8. Many people could die from cold and hungry this winter as (............) the war continues. 9. An oases is a place with water and trees in a desert. (............) (............) 10. Fertilisers make the land more production. (............) 11. The war is a major threaten to stability in the region. 12. We grew up in the countryside, surrounded by the beauty of natural. (............) (............) 13. He wants to be an electric engineer after finishing his studies. (............) 14. The company had been very good managed by my father. 15. They moved of Egypt and went to live in London when he was young. (............)
G
rammar
The future perfect tense Form: التكوىن Negative: النفى Interrogative: االستفهام
Passive: المبنى للمجهول
226
زمن المستقبل التام
Subj + will have + p.p.
• Ali will have finished his work in two hours. • They will have made the decision by tomorrow morning. Subj +won’t have + p.p.
• Mona won’t have finished her exams until next weekend. Wh-word + will + Subj +have + p.p.? Will + Subj +have + p.p.?
• What will Mona have done by next week? • Will Mona have done her homework by next week? Obj +will have + been + p.p.
• She will have watched the film in an hour. (Active) • The film will have been watched in an hour. (passive)
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Usage:
االستخدام
To make predictions about what will be completed by some point in the future: .يستخدم للتعبير عن تنبؤات بما سيكتمل حدوثه في وقت ما في المستقبل We expect we’ll have finished work by five o’clock this evening
Key Words:
الكلمات الدالة
by + )وقت محدد(في المستقبل in + في المستقبل مدة زمنية this time + وقت محدد في المستقبل by the time + مضارع بسيط till – until – before
:يستخدم المستقبل التام مع التعبيرات اآلتية
By the time they arrive (have arrived), their father will have returned home. By 2018, we will have built our new villa. This time next year, I will have finished secondary school My son won’t have finished his work until 5 o’clock. In a year’s time, we will have finished our exams. Before she comes home, I will have prepared the dinner.
Important Notes in + سنة في المستقبل................... will + inf. By + سنة في المستقبل................... will have + p.p.
In 2026, the population of Egypt will grow to about 95 million. By 2026, the population of Egypt will have grown to about 95 million. فاعل+ present perfect ......... for + فترة Next – in the future – tomorrow ......... future perfect ......... for + فترة
He’s been a farmer for 20 years. Next year, he’ll have been a farmer for 20 years.
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UNIT 16
Today’s world problems
Remember the following .) نستخدم المضارع المستمر مع المستقبلarrange – prepare( عند وجود ترتيب لحدوث الفعل-1 • He is meeting the tourist group tomorrow. Every thing is arranged. • My father is going to Mecca next week. He has booked the tickets. )am- is- are + going to + inf.( عند وجود خطة او نية أو دليل علي مقربة حدوث الفعل نستخدم-2 • I am going to play the following match. That’s my plan (intention). • Take care! You are going to crash into that tree. • The sky is full of dark clouds. It is going to rain. . عند تحديد موعد او جدول منتظم لحدوث األشياء نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن المستقبل-3 • The train arrives at 4 tomorrow and leaves at 4.30. )will be +v-ing.( عند التعبير عن فعل سوف يكون مستمر في وقت معين في المستقبل نستخدم مستقبل مستمر-4 • Ali will be working on his new car at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. عند وجود-5 (promise – expect – predict – threaten – think – I’m sure – hope – offer – request – fact – perhaps – probably) will + inf. نستخدم • I promise I will come tomorrow. • Don’t worry, I will help you.
Grammar Exercises 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: Student’s Book – Workbook
By that time, many of the species ................... extinct before we even know about them. a) will become b) will be becoming c) will have become d) becomes 2 40 percent of the Amazon .................... by 2115 if the earth’s temperature goes up by 2ºC. a) go b) will be going c) will go d) will have gone 3 Thousands of species of plants and animals ................... by the year 2100. a) will disappear b) will be disappearing c) disappear d) will have disappeared 1
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By three o’clock this afternoon, Hazem ................... for seven hours. a) will have worked b) will work c) will be working d) works 5 By the end of this lesson, we ................... ten new words in every English lesson. a) are learning b) will learn c) will have learned d) will be learning 6 In 2026, the population of Egypt ................... to about 95 million. b) will grow c) will have grown d) will be grown a) is growing 7 She says she ................... in England next year. a) will live b) will have lived c) lives d) will be living 8 Next year, he................... a farmer for 20 years. a) will be b) will being c) will have been d) is being 9 By the time I’m 18, I ................... my exams. a) will have taken b) will take c) would take d) am taking 10 In 2018. Mona .................. in her house for ten years. a) will live b) will have lived c) is living d) will be living 11 By the end of this year, that football player ................... 100 matches. a) will have played b) will be playing c) will play d) is playing 12 By the end of the lesson, you ................... the present perfect. a) will study b) are studying c) study d) will have studied 13 What will you ................... when you leave school? a) have done b) done c) been done d) do 14 By 2050, the population of Egypt will ................... to nearly 100 million. a) grow b) have grown c) be grown d) growing 4
NEW
GEM
15 By
this time next year, many great projects................... carried out. a) will have b) will have been c) would have been d) would be 16 They ................... lunch by two o’clock this afternoon. a) will eat b) will be eating c) eat d) will have eaten 17 I ................... my exams by the end of June. a) will have finished b) will be finished c) will finish d) finishes 229
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Today’s world problems
18 Hams ...................
her homework in two hours’ time. a) will do b) will be doing c) will have done d) would do 19 This time tomorrow, my mother ................... an operation. a) will have had b) will have c) will be had d) is having 20 This project ................... by the end of next year. a) will complete b) will have completed d) will have been completed c) will be completed 21 I hope that the meeting will have finished ................... 11.30 a.m. b) until c) as soon as d) at a) by 22 I expect my children ...................better in the future. a) will have been b) will be c) would be d) would have been 23 ................... Ali arrives, he will have finished all his work. b) As soon as c) By d) By the time a) After 24 By the year 2030, man might ................... on all planets. c) be landing d) lands a) have landed b) land 25 They ................... their friends tomorrow. They have prepared every thing. b) will have met c) are meeting d) meet a) will meet 26 Mona ...................to the party until her friends phone her. b) won’t go c) won’t be going d) hadn’t gone a) didn’t go 27 In an hour, we ................... on the beach. a) would be b) will been c) will have been d) are being 28 By the time he is here, we ................... every thing in the party. a) will arrange b) will be arranging c) are arranging d) will have arranged 29 Our English lesson ................... at 2 o’clock tomorrow. It is a time table. a) will start b) will have started c) is starting d) starts 30 Eman ................... early as she is very tired. She has already decided to do that. a) is sleeping b) is going to sleep c) sleeps d) would sleep 31 My friend will lend me his book as soon as he ................... it. a) will finish b) will have finished c) would finish d) has finished 32 By the year 2060, the internet ................... by everyone. a) will have used b) will have been used c) will be using d) would be used 33 Before he arrives, I ................... the report. a) will be completed b) will have completed c) am going to complete d) would complete 230
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34 Don’t
come tomorrow at 5 o’clock, I ................... at this time. a) will sleep b) will have slept c) will be sleeping d) am sleeping 35 By next month, a lot of trees ................... in our area. a) will plant b) will be planted c) will have planted d) will have been planted
2 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the
same meaning: 1. At the age of 20, I expect I will be outside Egypt. (By the age….) 2. For a long time, we have studied our lessons. (Next Friday……) 3. He has decided to clean his workplace alone. (going) 4. Hana will come tomorrow at 6 o’clock. (By ………) 5. Ali will have the tickets and then he will travel to London. (After…..) 6. In 2017, the government will solve the problem of traffic jam. (By 2017…) 7. This time tomorrow we will have cleaned our house. (been) 8. It will take me 3 hours to finish the school report. (In 3 hours…….) 9. His plan is to watch the match in the stadium. (He is………) 10. I will have my lunch at 2 o’clock. (……… by 2o’clock) 11. They promise us to come tomorrow. (will) 12. It’s my intention to pass all the next exams. (I am….) 13. I am going to finish this work tomorrow morning. (By tomorrow morning….) 14. It is still an hour before arriving in Luxor. (In an hour, ………) 15. It’s our prediction for Ali to get the full mark. (We predict……)
Language Functions Asking for and making suggestions Asking for suggestions
What do you suggest ……? Can you make a suggestion about…?
ال�س�ؤال عن وعمل اقتراحات
Making suggestions
- What about + v-ing…..? - How about + v-ing…..? - Let’s + inf. ………… - Why don’t we + inf…..? - Shall we + inf. ……….? - I suggest + v-ing………
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Today’s world problems
Skills 1 Finish the following dialogue:
“Amr is talking to a tourist about his visit to Egypt” Amr : Welcome to Egypt. ..................................(1)..................................? Tourist : l am from France. Amr : Is this your first visit to Egypt? Tourist : No, ..................................(2).................................. . Amr : What do you like about Egypt? Tourist : ..................................(3).................................. . Amr : ..................................(4)..................................? Tourist : I’ll stay for two weeks.
2 Write what would you say in each of the following situations:
our friend suggests going to the beach. It is cold and windy. You do not think Y this is a good Idea. 2 You want to watch a film and ask for your friend’s suggestion. 3 Your brother is very ill. You suggest an idea to make him better. 4 You are suggested having a trip to Aswan. 5 Your brother suggests going to the Zoo. You suggest going to the museum. 6 Your friend suggests going to the zoo and you have another idea. 7 Hany suggests going to the circus. You want to spend the evening at the cinema. 1
3 Translation:
A) Translate into Arabic: 1. We can’t keep pace with developed countries unless we use the computer in all fields of life. 2. Egypt is the first Arab country to launch a communication satellite. 3. Thanks to mass media and satellites, the whole world has become one unit. 4. Man does his best to achieve his dreams and have a good standard of living.
B) Translate into English: . تبين اإلحصائيات أن النمو السريع للسكان يخلق مشكالت كبيرة للدول النامية-1 . لعبت األقمار االصطناعية واالتصاالت دور ا مهما فى نمو االقتصاد العالمى-2 . العمل الجماعي يوفر الوقت و يحقق النجاح-3 . يعد إطالق األقمار االصطناعية المصرية خطوة على طريق التقدم-4 232
UNIT 16
keep pace with mass media statistics
world economy
Enrich
your
نواكب – نساير وسائل اإلعالم اإلحصائيات
اإلقتصاد العالمي
vocabulary launch
standard of living rapid growth teamwork
يطلق – إطالق
مستوي المعيشة النمو السريع
العمل الجماعي
Writing: Writing an email about a place of environmental interest Model Paragraph
WB ead the situation and write an email: R “Last year, you did a school project about a place of environmental interest. You have just read a news report that an international company plans to build a factory there.” a) Write an email to the company. First, describe the place of environmental interest. What sort of habitat is it? What species of animals live there? b) Say why you think the place is not suitable for a factory. What will have happened to the habitat by the time they have finished building the factory? c) Can the factory be built in another place? Make some suggestions to the company. d) Finish the email. To ............................... From ................................ Subject ........................... Dear sir. I completely know that you and your company are great loyal to our country, but I have heard that you will build a factoryat the open area. I know you have the right build this factory, but not at this area. We all know it’s an a place of environmental interest that everyone should care about because of the rare speciese of animals, birds, and plants that live there. If you build this factory, you will destroy their natural habitat. I hope you kindly accept my request not to build the factory in this place. You could find a place that is away from population, so that you could save the rare species there. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks. 233
UNIT 16
Today’s world problems
Advanced هذا التمرين مجاب عنه فى آخر الكتاب
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1 Will she .................. English by next year. a) learn b) be learnt c) have learnt d) have learning 2 New homes .................. for over 100 families after this earthquake. a) will have to be found b) will have be found c) will have to find d) will find 3 Illiteracy .................. in the future. a) will have eliminated b) is eliminated c) may have been eliminated d) will be eliminating 4 I wish my son .................. his exams by my retirement. a) will have passed b) may have been passed c) would pass d) may pass 5 At 3o’clock, I will go to bed but before that I .................. my lunch. a) will have b) will have had c) will be had d) is having
Test
16
Based on Unit 16
A Language Functions 1 Finish the following dialogue:
“Dina was fast asleep when she suddenly got up shouting and crying.” Mother : What’s the matter, Dina? ..........................(1)..........................? Dina : Nothing mum. I just ..........................(1).......................... . Mother : A bad dream! Tell me my dear! : ..........................(3)..........................? Dina : Large black spiders attacking me. Mother : That’s your spider phobia. I think ........................(4)........................ . Dina : A therapist? de you think he can help me? Mother : Yes, if Allah wishes.
2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1. You and your friends are on holiday and you make a suggestion to spend it. 2. Your friend suggests spending the summer holiday in Alex. You state another place. 3. You feel bored and suggest something to make you feel at ease. 4. You suggest going to the theater with your friends.
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B Vocabulary and Structure 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
I think you should visit the Alps. I am sure you .................. them. a) will have enjoyed b) are enjoying c) will enjoy d) enjoy 2 I am 43 and I think that by the age of 50 I .................. from my job. a) will resign b) would resign c) will be resigning d) will have resigned 3 He planned that he .................. a car next year. c) will have bought d) is buying a) is going to buy b) will buy 4 In a week’s time, my dear friend .................. to his fiancée. a) will marry b) will be married d) get married c) will have got married 5 I expect that he .................. all his exams as he is very clever. a) is going to pass b) passes d) will pass c) will have passed 6 By the time my mother sleeps, she .................. all her housework. a) had done b) has done c) will have done d) will be doing 7 Many rare species now face .................. . a) interaction b) interpretation c) extinction d) infection 8 Many of the small, independent businesses are struggling to .................. . b) arrive c) survive d) advertise a) complete 9 There are over forty ................... of bird living on the island. a) species b) pieces c) spices d) special 10 If .................. were given priority, thecountry would easily be able to feed itself. a) commerce b) trading c) arts d) agriculture 11 He is trying to .................. new ways to solve the current problems. a) invent b) discover c) buy d) get 12 Watching monkeys in their natural ................... is something useful. a) habit b) habitat c) inhabit d) inhabitant 1
4 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same
meaning: 1. Up till now we have made a great progress in all fields. (In 10 years…..) 2. I have arranged to have lunch with my friends tomorrow. (am) 235
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Today’s world problems
3. My dream is to have a nice villa on the coast. (hope) 4. I will have my dinner at 8 o’clock. It won’t last for 30 minutes. (by 9 o’clock)
5 Find and correct the mistake in the following sentences:
cotourism means all the animals and plants in a particular area, and the way in E which they are related to each other and to their environment. 2 Conditions will make worse as the winter continues. 3 We are hoping to find a suitability school for our children. 4 Hong Kong International Airport was built on reclaim land. 1
C
Reading
6 Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
The longest river in the world, the Nile River is a big part of Egyptian lifestyle, society and religion. The Egyptians thought so highly of the river that they named a god after it, called Happi. Flowing over 4000 miles in an unusual northward direction, the Nile has affected the Egyptian society in many ways, most importantly, it gave Egyptians a sufficient water supply and a rich fertilizer. It has been the key element in supporting farmers and others who have lived on its banks for thousands of years. With the extreme climate changes and global warming, it is expected that Egypt will face serious water shortages by the year 2025. Increasing pollution, the rapid increase in population and the bad management of water resources will be the main reasons for the shortage of water facing Egypt. Let’s start with what we can to save the Nile by not wasting water.. by not misusing water.. by not polluting water. Otherwise, we can be faced by a major draught problem. The drop that is wasted will never come back. A. Answer the following questions:
1. How far were the ancient Egyptians affected by the Nile? 2. What are the main reasons for water shortages facing Egypt? 3. What should we do to save the Nile? 4. Find words in the passage which mean: a) fast b) enough
B. Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :
5. .................. will be greatly affected if there is water shortage. a) Geology b) Archaeology c) Agriculture d) Culture 6. The underlined word “ it” means .................. . a) the Nile b) the society c) the Egyptians d) a god
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7 Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:
1. Why are some people worried about biodiversity? 2. If you reclaim land, is it made good to use or can you never use it again? 3. If a farm is productive, what does this mean? 4. Why does some farm produce more expensive to buy than others? 5. Would you want to grow your own food? Why/Why not? 6. to reclaim land for farming helps the country to solve some problems, show.
D
The Novel (Gulliver’s Travels)
8 A) Answer the following questions:
1. Why was the magistrate surprised when Jack Dawkins replied to him? 2. Where could Rose see Nancy if she needed information? 3. Who did Noah see at London Bridge? 4. What did Mr. Brownlow and Rose offer Nancy? Why do you think Nancy refused? 5. Noah was very good at watching people. Do you agree? Why? B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
“Send me to prison, I don’t care! My lawyer will soon set me free again and you will be in trouble!” 1. Who was the speaker? 2. Where was this sentence said? 3. What happened when the speaker said so?
E
Writing
an e-mail to your friend Adel thanking him for the present he sent 9 Write
you on the occasion of your success. Your name is Ahmed and your e-mail is ahmed 2012@ yahoo.com. Adel’s e-mail address is adel99@yahoo.com
10 A) Translate into Arabic:
F Translation
1. The sight of the sun at sunset is of matchless beauty. 2. Egypt has achieved great progress in the field of communication. B) Translate into English: . نعيش اآلن عصر الكمبيوتر واإلنترنت واألقمار االصطناعية بمزاياها وعيوبها237