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Chapter 15: Community Development Block Sundernagar 1. Data
TABLE NO:10
HORTICULTURE CROPS
Apple Mango
AREA
29 13
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL % 87.5 50
IMPROVED % 12.5 50
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED % 0 0
MEAN FYM
UNIRRIGATED % 100 100
MEAN YIELD
36.25 20
0.97 0
MEAN SALE
5978.72 0
CHEMICAL FERTILIZER S
PESTICIDES
YES % 87.5 0
YES % 87.5 50
NO % 12.5 100
NO % 12.5 50
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL % 100 50
GOVT. % 0 50
NO % 0 0
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES NO% % 87.5 12.5 100 0
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS Barley Maize Mustard Paddy Potato Rajmash Urd Wheat
AREA 43.5 190.5 1 3 19.75 46 30 182
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
UNIRRIGATED% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
9.84 22.44 10 10 12.5 13.33 12.69 21.71
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
1.51 3.02 0.32 2.5 3.01 0.43 0.59 2.29
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 3.23 96.77 2.56 97.44 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 2.63 97.37
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TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 100 100 100 100
AREA
Cabbage Cauliflower Garlic Ginger Peas
0.5 0.5 12 9 15
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE 0 0 0 0 0
IRRIGATED% 100 100 25 60 0
UNIRRIGATED% 0 0 75 40 100
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
10 10 15 16 26.67
4 4 3.92 2.56 2.13
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 0 0 0 0 0
100 100 100 100 100
TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCKS Buffalo Bullocks Cows Donkey s/ Mules Goat Heifers Sheep
NO OF LIVE S
HEALTH CARE
NATURAL/AI SERVICE
12 66 59
YES % 0 0 0
NO % 100 100 100
NATURAL % 9.09 3.23 11.11
3 53 6 35
0 0 0 0
100 100 100 100
0 0 0 25
45.45 0 69.44
BOTH % 0 3.23 11.11
0 0 25 0
0 0 25 0
AI%
BREED
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH
MEAN CONCENT RATE FED
MEAN LACTAT ION
45.46 93.54 8.34
LOCAL % 100 96.77 66.67
IMPROVED % 0 3.23 33.33
STALL % 100 70.97 80.56
GRAZING % 0 12.9 5.56
BOTH % 0 16.13 13.88
0 0 0
1 0.74 1.56
370.45 0 460.83
100 100 50 75
100 100 75 100
0 0 25 0
100 44.44 50 50
0 44.44 0 50
0 0 25 0
0 11.12 25 0
0.5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
NO%
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
No%
MEAN YIELD
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%
NO%
964.09 0 1185.28
36.36 41.94 38.89
63.64 58.06 61.11
0 0 0 0
0 11.11 25 25
100 88.89 75 75
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 15 Page No: TABLE NO :14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES ST % GENERAL% CAST CATEGORY OBC % SC% YES% ELECTRICITY CONNECTION NO% YES% MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE NO% YES% DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% TAP WATER NO% YES% TOILET NO% TOTAL MALE NO OF FAMILY MEMBER TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC% EDUCATION(MALE) MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC% EDUCATION(FEMALE) MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% SERVICE AGRI/HOTI ANNUAL INCOME LABOUR MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
39 0 79.49 0 20.51 100 0 48.72 51.28 79.49 20.51 0.85 89.74 10.26 100 0 122 113 6.5574 14.7541 20.4918 20.4918 28.6885 9.0164 3.54 9.73 14.17 15.93 23.89 32.74 1194000 145500 1062000 152000 65474.36
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TABLE NO:14(A) MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA MANDAL % 35.9
SHG% 0
YOUTH CLUB % 0
MAHILA MANDAL/YOUTH CLUB% 2.56
ANY OTHER % 17.95
NO% 43.59
SOURCE OF BORROWING
PRIVATE%
COOP%
NO%
BANK%
COOP%
100
0
0
97.44
0
U.CO BANK % 0
SBI BANK % 0
FRIENDS%
RELATIVES%
0
0
NO% 0
ANY OTHER % 2.56
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER Fuel Fodder
REQUIREMENT % YES% 100 100
FUEL SOURCE Forest LPG,Forest
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING No
MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTINGNAME No
NO% 0 0
SOURCE TO COVER GAP % 82.05 17.95
AVALIBILITY%
GAP %
29.62 39.23
70.38 60.77
FODDER SOURCE
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
Forest
100
INTERESTED Sewing, Bee Keeping, Poultry, ,Mushroom ,Floriculture, Fishery
ANNUALINCOME
SUGGESTION 0
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2. Analysis District Community Development Block
Mandi Sundernagar
The socio-economic conditions of Sundernagar block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Hindu
100.00
Category General 79.49 SC 20.51 OBC 0.00 ST 0.00 It can be observed from the Table-1 reveals that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100.00. As far as caste category was concerned general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 79.49 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste category (20.51 percent). No family was there in sample from OBC and ST category. OBC
Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level
Family level
Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Yes 48.72 79.49 0.85 K.M.* 100.00 89.74 100.00
(Per cent) NO 51.28 20.51
0.00 10.26 0.00
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 48.72 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 79.49 percent villages were having medial facilities. On an average people had to cover 0.85 KM to get medical help. Table further indicates that 89.74 cent per cent households were having water connection. As far as electricity connection is concerned all the sampled households were having electric connection in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 122 Female 113 Total 235 Average size of family 6.02 Sex ratio* 926 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 6.02 members. In the study area sex ratio was 926.
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Table: 4
142
Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10
Educational Level Illiterate Primary Middle Matriculate Sr. Secondary Degree
Male 9.01 28.68 20.49 20.50 14.76 6.56
(Per cent) Female 32.74 23.89 15.93 14.17 9.73 3.54
Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regards the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (32.74 per cent) were illiterate. The proportion of the female population having studied up to primary, middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 23.89, 15.93, 14.17 and 9.73 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 3.54 per cent of the female population were having education up to degree. Among the males, majority of the population (28.68 per cent) were having education up to primary level. About 6.00 percent of male population had education up to degree level. Table: 5
Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10
Sr. No 1.
Particulars Service
2.
Labour
3.
Horticulture/Agriculture
4.
Miscellaneous Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 30615 (46.76) 27230 (41.59) 3730 (5.70) 3897 (5.95) 65472 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were service and labour. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 65, 472. The major source of annual family income was service. It contributed about 46.76 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was labour, as it contributed about 41.59 per cent. The contribution of miscellaneous was 5.95 per cent. The contribution of horticulture/agriculture was only 5.70 per cent. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (55.60) Mahila Mandal 35.09 Co-operatives 20.51 Self Help Groups 0.00 Youth Club 0.00 No Participation (44.40) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 55.60 per cent were participating in Mahila Mandals and cooperatives with 35.09 and 20.51 percentages, respectively. The participation in Youth clubs and self help groups was nil. Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 100.00 Government 0.00 Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that all the respondents were selling their produce to private parties. Table: 8
Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent)
Bank 97.44 Cooperative Society 0.00 Relatives 0.00 Friends 0.00 Any other 2.56 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (97.44 per cent) had taken loan from banks. The percentage of respondents who had taken loan from money lenders was 2.56. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10
(Activities) Existing Interested Bamboo weaving Sewing, Bee Keeping, Fishery, Mushroom, Poultry Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Bamboo weaving was the only income generating activity existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Sewing, Bbee keeping, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom, and Poultry. Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 Requirement
Availability
Gap
Fuel
100.00
26.62
70.38
Fodder
32.00
39.23
60.77
(Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Forests (82.05) LPG (17.95) Forest (100.00)
Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to mange only 26.62 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap, 82.05 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 60.77 percent, all the households were dependent on forests. Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water needs to be developed and strengthened. •
Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram Panchayat level.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from primary to middle and similar pattern is clearly visible for higher education.
•
In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity.
•
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.
•
Social participation should be encouraged. There is a need to educate the people about the importance of co-operatives, self help groups and youth clubs. Further, they may be motivated to establish these rural institutions. While using the People Rural Appraisal (PRA), it is noted that most of the people were not having Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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knowledge about development activities. Thus, their participation in such institutions may be encouraged to improve their knowledge about developmental activities. •
All incumbents in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among them that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
The banks already working in the study area has gained confidence among local people. But still some percentage of population in study area prefers to borrow money from money lenders. Bank people are required to make effort to win the confidence of these people also.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is a need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap wood. To release bio-gas should be more eco-friendly
•
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.
•
Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
in fuel majority of people were dependent on forests for fuel the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and source electrification.
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3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK SUNDERNAGAR Basic Statistics • •
No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land
• • •
Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan •
• •
•
• • • •
•
•
•
40 % 50 % Rs. In Lakhs
Cost of 0.5% additional area (8 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)
8.00
Cost of 1 % area (15 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (8 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)***
1.50 1.20
Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (8 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** 0.5 % of area (8 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (7 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (8 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 10 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 10 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (7 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total
Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
7 ** 30 to 85 %** 1515 ha** < 10 %**
4.80 8.55
17.25 20.72 8.00
1.91 2.28 1.75
14.60 1.73 5.00 97.25
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin