Index NOTE: Page numbers in boldface type indicate a major discussion. A t following a page number indicates tabular material, and f following a page number indicates a figure. Drugs are listed under their generic names. When a drug trade name is listed, the reader is referred to the generic name.
A3243G mutation, in diabetes mellitus, 1195 A antigen, in compatibility testing, 534 A-C ventilation. See Assist-control (A-C) ventilation A cells, pancreatic, 1171 a wave in AV junctional rhythm, 390 in cardiomyopathy, 414 palpitations and, 31 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid stenosis, 346 AA (Alcoholics Anonymous), 1082 AA (secondary) amyloidosis, 531, 920t, 930. See also Amyloidosis A–a Do2 (alveolar-arterial oxygen difference) in asthma, 246 in COPD, 261 in pulmonary embolism, 298 AAA. See Abdominal aortic aneurysm AAAS gene, in triple A (Allgrove) syndrome, 1156 AAS (Abuse Assessment Screen), 1712 Abacavir, 1341t, 1343, 1343–1344, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART with lamivudine, 1343, 1344, 1347, 1348f with zidovudine and lamivudine, 1344, 1348f Abatacept, for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 ABCB4 gene, in idiopathic adulthood ductopenia, 710 ABCD/ABCDE rule/features, in melanoma, 102, 102f ABCD rule, for hypertension management, 457, 457f ABCD score, in transient ischemic attacks, 978 Abciximab. See also Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, drugs blocking for acute coronary syndromes, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 368 PCI and, 362t, 368 platelet function affected by, 549t Abdominal abscess/infection, 1302t actinomycosis, 1457 anaerobic, 1302t, 1455, 1455t in Crohn disease, 641, 642 in diverticulitis, 651, 652 secondary peritonitis and, 589–590 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 472–474 screening for, 6, 7t, 473 smoking and, 6, 473 Abdominal compartment syndrome, in burn patient, 1551
Abdominal distention in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628 in acute paralytic ileus, 627 in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction/gastroparesis, 629 gastrointestinal gas causing, 573 Abdominal fistulas, in Crohn disease, 642 Abdominal pain/tenderness, 564–566. See also Dyspepsia in actinomycosis, 1457 in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628 in acute paralytic ileus, 627 in aortic aneurysm, 472, 473 in appendicitis, 630 in ascites, 587 in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in cholecystitis, 703t, 704 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 703t, 706 in cholelithiasis/gallstones, 703, 703t in cirrhosis, 686 in Crohn disease, 641 in diverticulitis, 651 in ectopic pregnancy, 790 in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 607 in familial Mediterranean fever, 591 in GI disorders, 564–566 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 923 in hepatitis, 666 in intestinal ischemia, 471 in irritable bowel syndrome, 632, 633 in mesenteric vascular insufficiency, 470, 471 in mesenteric vein occlusion (acute), 471 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 711, 713, 715–716, 716 in peptic ulcer disease, 564, 565, 612 perforation and, 618 in PID, 763 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 in polycystic kidney disease, 934, 935 in porphyria, 1664 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793–794 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 589, 689 in ulcerative colitis, 646 in visceral artery insufficiency/ intestinal angina, 470, 471 Abdominal paracentesis. See Paracentesis Abdominal radiographs, in poisoning/ drug overdose, 1570 Abelcet. See Amphotericin B lipid complex
1737
Abetalipoproteinemia, vitamin E deficiency and, 1012, 1267 Ab2M (renal failure type) amyloidosis, 531 ABI/ABPI. See Ankle-brachial index ABIC score, in alcoholic liver disease, 682 Abilify. See Aripiprazole Abiraterone, 1657t for prostate cancer, 1174, 1637, 1637t abl gene, in chronic myeloid leukemia, 515, 516–517 ABLC. See Amphotericin B lipid complex Abnormal illness behaviors, 1045–1047 Abnormal movements. See Movement disorders ABO system compatibility testing for transfusion and, 534 hemolytic transfusion reactions and, 534 Abortion elective/induced, 776–777 breast cancer during pregnancy and, 745, 807–808 clostridial infection after, 777, 1429 gestational trophoblastic disease and, 792 heart disease during pregnancy and, 802 hypertension during pregnancy and, 802 rubella infection and, 1375 toxoplasmosis testing and, 1501 infection after, 777 anaerobic, 1456 IUD insertion after, 774 recurrent (habitual), 789–790 spontaneous. See Spontaneous abortion Abortive poliomyelitis, 1372 ABPA. See Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis ABPI. See Ankle-brachial index Abraxane. See Paclitaxel, protein-bound Abruptio placentae, third-trimester bleeding and, 797 Abscesses, 151–152, 1421t. See also specific type and organ or structure affected in actinomycetoma, 1540 in actinomycosis, 1457 anaerobic, 1454 abdominal, 1302t, 1455, 1455t brain, 1302t, 1455 of lung, 278–279, 1455 anorectal, 642–643 in bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216 brain, 993–994, 1287, 1288, 1302t in strongyloidiasis, 1519
1738
CMDT 2013
Abscesses (Cont.): in Crohn disease, 641, 642, 642–643 deep neck, 230, 231 in drug users, 1292 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 intravascular (septic superficial thrombophlebitis), 480. See also Septic thrombophlebitis liver amebic, 1503, 1504, 1505t pyogenic, 700–701 lung, 1532 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 mycobacteria causing, 1458 occult, fever/FUO and, 1277 perforated appendicitis and, 631 perianal, 661 peritonsillar, 229–230, 1420 retropharyngeal, 1420 staphylococcal, 1421t, 1425, 1425f Absence (petit mal) seizures, 970, 970t. See also Seizures drug therapy for, 973t Absidia infection, 217, 1538 Absorption (digestion), disorders of. See Malabsorption Absorptive hypercalciuria, 947t, 948 Abulia, in stroke, 982 Abuse aggression/violence/impulse control disorders and, 1078, 1079 child. See Child abuse drug/alcohol. See Alcohol use/ dependency/abuse; Substance use disorders elder, 17, 72–73, 73t partner/spousal (domestic violence), 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 PTSD and, 1039, 1712 Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), 1712 ABVD regimen, for Hodgkin lymphoma, 527 AC regimen, for breast cancer, 736, 737 AC-T regimen, for breast cancer, 737 AC-TH regimen, for breast cancer, 737 Acamprosate, for alcohol use/abuse, 18, 1082 Acanthamoeba (acanthamoeba infections), 1505 encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, 1287, 1505–1506, 1506 keratitis, 174, 1506 Acanthosis nigricans cancer-related, 1596t insulin resistance/diabetes and, 1195, 1195f, 1196, 1197 Acarbose, 1206t, 1210, 1210–1211 overdose/toxicity of, 1211, 1580 Accelerated idioventricular rhythm, 393 in myocardial infarction, 373, 393 Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders, 1044 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1062 Accessory atrioventricular pathways, supraventricular tachycardia caused by, 381, 383–384 Accessory muscles of respiration, in asthma, 247t
index Accidental injury. See Trauma Acclimatization heat-related disorders and, 1547 high-altitude illness and, 1558 Accommodation, aging affecting (presbyopia), 162 ACCORD study, 356, 1204 Accupril. See Quinapril Accuretic. See Quinapril, with hydrochlorothiazide Accutane. See Isotretinoin ACE. See Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitors. See Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Acebutolol, 447t overdose/toxicity of, 1575 Acellular pertussis vaccine, with tetanusdiphtheria toxoid (DTaP/ Tdap vaccines), 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1314, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 Aceon. See Perindopril Acesulfame potassium, for diabetics, 1205 Acetadote. See Acetylcysteine Acetaldehyde, in alcoholic liver disease, 680–681 Acetaminophen, 76, 77t in analgesic nephropathy, 932–933 with codeine, 79, 83t for fever, 36 for osteoarthritis, 811 overdose/toxicity of, 1566t, 1569t, 1570–1571, 1570f anion gap acidosis and, 1569 hepatotoxicity/liver failure and, 76, 672–673, 1570–1571, 1570f with oxycodone, 83t for pain management, 76, 77t reference values for, 1727t Acetazolamide adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 174, 177 in head injury, 1016 for high-altitude illness, 1559 prophylactic, 1559 for pseudotumor cerebri, 995 renal tubular acidosis caused by, 892 Acetoacetate in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1233 reference values for, 1727t Acetohexamide, 1206t, 1207 Acetone, in diabetic coma/ketoacidosis, 1197, 1232t, 1233 Acetone breath odor, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1197, 1232 Acetonitrile, cyanide formed by metabolism of, 1577
Acetorphan, for rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1405 Acetylcholine aminoglycosides affecting, 1034 in botulism, 1033, 1431 in Huntington disease, 1002 in myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome, 1033 Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in cancer-related neuropathy, 975, 1024 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. See Anticholinesterases Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose/toxicity, 673, 1566t, 1571 contrast media nephrotoxicity mediated by, 904–905 Achalasia, 592t, 604–605 herpes simplex infection and, 1351 Achlorhydria in bacterial overgrowth, 624 in pernicious anemia gastritis, 610 Achromycin. See Tetracycline Acid, caustic/corrosive, 1571–1572 esophageal injury caused by, 599, 1571 eye injury caused by, 194, 1571 ingestion of, 1566, 1567, 1571, 1572 Acid-antisecretory agents. See also Antacids; H2 receptor blocking drugs; Proton pump inhibitors for dyspepsia, 565, 566 for GI bleeding, 582–583, 618 for peptic ulcer disease, 613 bleeding control and, 582–583, 618 Acid-base disorders, 888–897, 889t. See also Acidosis; Alkalosis genetic, 878t in heat exposure syndromes, 1548 in hypothermia, 1544, 1545 in kidney disease/renal failure, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 914 mixed, 889–890 in near drowning, 1556 Acid-fast bacilli, identification of in tuberculosis, 280, 281, 281t Acid-fast rods, treatment of infections caused by, 1300t Acid refluxate. See Gastric acid refluxate Acidosis, 889, 889t. See also Ketoacidosis anion gap. See Anion gap/anion gap acidosis dilutional, 893 dyspnea and, 24, 25 in heat exposure syndromes, 1548 hyperkalemia and, 879, 892, 892t, 914 hypokalemia and, 878, 892, 892t, 894 hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronemic, 892, 892t, 894, 933, 1157 in hypothermia, 1544, 1545 in kidney disease/renal failure, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 911f, 914 lactic, 890–891, 1232t, 1237–1238. See also Lactic acidosis metabolic, 889, 889t, 890–894, 890t, 892t. See also Metabolic acidosis in near drowning, 1556 nephrolithiasis and, 892
index normal anion gap, 890, 890t, 891–893, 892t, 893–894. See also Normal anion gap acidosis parenteral nutritional support and, 893, 1274t in poisoning/drug overdose, 891, 1569 with methanol or ethylene glycol, 877, 891, 1584 with salicylates, 891, 1588 posthypocapnia, 893, 897 renal tubular, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894. See also Renal tubular acidosis in tubulointerstitial disease, 933 respiratory, 889, 889t, 895–896. See also Respiratory acidosis in respiratory failure, 320, 896 rewarming, 1544 step-by-step analysis and, 889 uremic, 890, 891, 902 Aciduria, paradoxic in metabolic alkalosis, 895 in salicylate overdose/toxicity, 1589 Acinetobacter infections, 1299t Acitretin adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for psoriasis, 107 teratogenicity of, 107 ACL. See Anterior cruciate ligament Aclovate. See Alclometasone Acne, 125–128, 126f antibiotics for, 97t, 127 folliculitis and, 126, 129 hyperandrogenism and, 125 inversa (hidradenitis suppurativa), 151 oral contraceptive use and, 127, 770 rosacea, 126 steroid (steroid folliculitis), 126, 129 testosterone replacement therapy and, 1177, 1185 vulgaris, 125–128, 126f Acoustic neuroma/neurinoma (vestibular schwannoma/eighth nerve tumors), 210t, 212–213, 990t, 991 hearing loss and, 210t, 212, 990t in neurofibromatosis, 212, 996 Acoustic trauma. See Noise trauma Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). See HIV infection/ AIDS Acral erythema (hand-foot syndrome), chemotherapy-induced, 1661 Acral-lentiginous melanoma, 102 Acrocyanosis, 837 Acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans, 1479, 1482t Acromegaly, 1100–1102 Acromioclavicular joint in impingement syndrome, 1675 in rotator cuff disorders, 1680 Acropachy, thyroid, 1113 ACS. See Acute coronary syndromes ACT. See Activated clotting time ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone Actin, in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 Actinic (ultraviolet) keratitis, 194 Actinic keratoses, 117 squamous cell carcinoma arising from, 117, 143
Actinobacillus/Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. See HACEK organisms Actinomadura species, actinomycotic mycetoma caused by, 1540 Actinomyces/Actinomyces israelii (actinomycosis), 1300t, 1456–1457 Actinomycetoma, 1540 Actinomycotic mycetoma, 1540 Actiq. See Fentanyl Activated charcoal, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 repeat-dose, 1568 Activated clotting time (ACT), reference values for, 1727t Activated partial thromboplastin time. See Partial thromboplastin time Activated protein C. See Protein C, activated Activella, 1184 Activin-like kinase-type (ALK-1) gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 in pulmonary hypertension, 423–424 Activities of daily living–instrumental activities of daily living (ADL–IADL), assessment of ability to perform, 58, 59, 1006 Activity. See Exercise/activity ACTOplus Met. See Pioglitazone, with metformin Actos. See Pioglitazone Acuity, visual. See Visual acuity Acular. See Ketorolac Acupuncture, for migraine prophylaxis, 965 Acute angle-closure glaucoma. See Angleclosure glaucoma Acute coronary syndromes chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 29 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167 preoperative risk assessment/ perioperative management and, 46, 47–49, 47t, 48f, 48t without ST segment elevation, 360–365, 362t, 364t angiography/revascularization in, 364, 364t. See also Revascularization procedures medical management of, 361–364, 362t postinfarction ischemia and, 372 thrombolysis contraindicated in, 363, 367 ST segment elevation (STEMI), 360, 364t, 365–376, 367t, 369t. See also Myocardial infarction Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) coxsackievirus causing, 1406 enterovirus 71 causing, 1407 poliomyelitis and, 1372, 1373 Acute idiopathic polyneuropathy. See Guillain-Barré syndrome Acute intermittent porphyria, 1022, 1664–1665, 1665t
CMDT 2013
1739
Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), 294t Acute kidney injury (acute renal failure), 898, 901–908, 902t. See also Kidney disease ACE inhibitor use and, 449, 902–903 acute tubular necrosis causing, 902t, 904–906 cardiorenal syndrome and, 908 cirrhosis and (hepatorenal syndrome), 689 glomerulonephritis causing, 902t, 903, 907–908 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 interstitial nephritis causing, 902t, 906–907 intrinsic disorders causing, 902t, 903 postoperative, 55, 55t postrenal causes of, 902t, 903 prerenal causes of, 902–903, 904 in tumor lysis syndrome, 1647 Acute leukemia, 519–521. See also specific type and Leukemias bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 520–521, 533 chemotherapy choices for, 1610t Acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 519, 520, 521, 1610t Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), 1024–1025 Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), 1024 Acute mountain sickness, 1558–1559 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 519, 520, 520–521, 521, 1610t bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 520–521, 532 Acute paralytic (adynamic) ileus, 627–628 Acute-phase response, bisphosphonates causing, 1147 Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score. See APACHE system Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 519, 520 DIC associated with, 519, 546 Acute radiation syndrome, 1554 Acute renal failure. See Acute kidney injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 322–323, 322t. See also Respiratory failure acute gastric aspiration and, 308 in burn injury, 1550, 1552 influenza A/H1N1 and, 214, 1399 in pancreatitis, 713 in SARS, 1401 smoke inhalation and, 307 Acute respiratory failure, 319–322, 320t. See also Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Respiratory failure Acute retinal necrosis, 178 Acute tubular necrosis. See Tubular necrosis Acute vaccinia syndrome, 1403
1740
CMDT 2013
Acyclovir, 1353t for herpes simplex infections, 118–119, 598, 1280, 1330, 1338t, 1352, 1353t, 1355 keratitis, 168t, 173, 1355 for herpes zoster, 120, 173, 1331, 1339t, 1353t, 1359, 1361 nephrotoxicity of, 904, 1353t during pregnancy, 806, 1355 prophylactic/suppressive, 118, 1280, 1352, 1353t, 1355, 1361 resistance to, 1352 for varicella, 1353t, 1359 AD. See Alzheimer disease ADA diet recommendations for diabetes, 1204–1205 ADACEL. See Tdap vaccine Adalat. See Nifedipine Adalimumab. See also Anti-TNF agents for inflammatory bowel disease, 640 Crohn disease, 644–645 ulcerative colitis, 648 for psoriasis, 108 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 Adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine), influenza/ influenza resistance and, 23, 1354t, 1396, 1398, 1399 ADAMTS-13 (von Willebrand factor cleaving protease), in thrombotic microangiopathies, 542 Adapalene, for acne, 127 with benzoyl peroxide, 127 Adcetris. See Brentuximab vedotin Addiction (drug), 1079. See also Poisoning/drug overdose; Substance use disorders pain management in terminally ill/ dying patient and, 76 Addison disease (adrenocortical insufficiency), 1155–1158 acute adrenal crisis and, 1154, 1158 hypercalcemia and, 1142, 1156 hyperkalemia and, 879, 1155, 1157 hyperpigmentation and, 155, 1156 hypoglycemia and, 1156, 1222 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872, 1156 Adefovir, for hepatitis B, 675, 676, 1353t Adenitis. See also Lymphadenitis mesenteric, adenoviruses causing, 1402 Adenocarcinoma. See specific type and Cancer Adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary, 233 Adenoma sebaceum, 996 Adenomas. See specific type or structure or organ affected Adenomatous polyposis coli gene. See APC gene Adenomatous polyps, 652, 653 colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy in identification/treatment of, 653, 653–654, 1627–1628, 1628 colorectal cancer and, 653, 654, 655, 1622, 1623, 1626, 1628 familial, 654–655, 1622. See also Familial adenomatous polyposis FOBT in patients with, 653
index gastric, 620–621, 655 nonfamilial, 653–654 Adenomyomatosis biliary tract/gallbladder, 703t, 705 endometrial, 758 Adenomyosis, uterine, 750 Adenopathy. See Lymphadenopathy Adenosine, 377 for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 379t, 382 Adenosine deaminase ascitic fluid, in tuberculous peritonitis, 588 pleural fluid, in tuberculosis, 282, 315 Adenosine triphosphatase, coppertransporting (ATP7B), in Wilson disease, 696, 697 Adenosylcobalamin, 497. See also Vitamin B12 Adenovirus infections, 1401–1403 bronchiolitis, 269, 1402 conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis, 164–165, 1402 diarrhea/gastroenteritis, 1293, 1330, 1402, 1404–1405 ADH. See Antidiuretic hormone Adherence/nonadherence, patient, 1–2 antipsychotic drugs and, 1056, 1059 antiretroviral therapy and, 1, 1340, 1340–1342, 1347 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 1232, 1235 in elderly hearing amplification and, 72 medication regimen and, 71–72 lifestyle changes and, 1 lithium therapy and, 1074 refractory ulcers and, 617 status epilepticus and, 974 tuberculosis therapy and, 283–284, 1326 Adhesion molecules, autoantibodies to, in pemphigus, 138 Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), 1682–1683 in diabetes, 1228 ADHH. See Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria Adiana, for tubal interruption, 777 Adipokines, insulin action in obesity and, 1194 Adiponectin, insulin action in obesity and, 1194 Adipose tissue. See Body fat Adjustment (situational) disorders, 1038–1039 with depressed mood, 1063 posthospital, 1090–1091 suicide risk and, 1064 Adjuvant chemotherapy. See also Chemotherapy for bladder cancer, 1639, 1640 for breast cancer, 735, 736–737, 1611t in older women, 738 for colorectal cancer, 1624, 1625, 1625–1626 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 for lung cancer, 1599–1600 for prostate cancer, 1635 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641
Adjuvant pain medications/treatments, 85 ADL–IADL. See Activities of daily living– instrumental activities of daily living Adnexal masses. See Ovarian cancer/ tumors Adnexectomy, for tubo-ovarian abscess, 764 Adolescents, immunization recommendations for, 1307 ADPKD1/ADPKD2 genes, 934 Adrenal cortex diseases of, 1154–1166. See also specific disorder in hypopituitarism, 1093, 1094, 1095 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1157, 1330 hyperplasia of aldosteronism caused by, 438, 1164, 1165, 1166 congenital, 1156, 1163 Cushing syndrome caused by, 1158 hirsutism/virilization and, 1163 in MEN, 1189 hypoplasia of, congenital, 1093, 1094, 1156, 1175 tumors of. See Adrenal tumors Adrenal crisis, 1154–1155 Adrenal hemorrhage, 1155 Adrenal insufficiency. See Adrenocortical insufficiency Adrenal tumors amenorrhea caused by, 1179 cancer, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1189, 1596t, 1612t cortical, 1158 aldosterone-secreting, 438, 1164, 1165, 1166 androgen-secreting, 1162 cortisol-secreting, 1158, 1159, 1161 medullary. See Pheochromocytoma in MEN, 1188t, 1189 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t Adrenal vein sampling, in aldosteronism, 1165 Adrenalectomy/medical adrenalectomy adrenal crisis and, 1154 for aldosteronism, 1165, 1166 for breast cancer, 740 in male, 746 for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1163 for Conn syndrome, 1166 for Cushing syndrome, 1160, 1161 Nelson syndrome after, 1160 Adrenergic drugs. See Alpha-adrenergic agonists; Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs; Betaadrenergic agonists; Betaadrenergic blocking drugs Adrenocortical insufficiency, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096 acute, 1154–1155 chronic, 1155–1158. See also Addison disease congenital, 1155 corticosteroids causing, 1093, 1096, 1154 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1157, 1330
index hypercalcemia and, 1142, 1154, 1156 hyperkalemia and, 879, 1154, 1157 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872, 1154, 1156 perioperative corticosteroid replacement and, 54 Adrenocorticosteroids. See Corticosteroids Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency of, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1156. See also Adrenocortical insufficiency ectopic/hypersecretion of, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1172 in hypertension, 437 petrosal sinus levels of, in Cushing syndrome, 1159 pituitary adenoma secreting, 1158, 1189 plasma levels of in acute adrenal insufficiency, 1154 in Addison disease, 1156 in hypercortisolism/Cushing syndrome, 1159 reference values for, 1727t Adrenoleukodystrophy, 1155–1156, 1156, 1157, 1157–1158 Adriamycin. See Doxorubicin Adrucil. See Fluorouracil Adson test, 1031 Adult respiratory distress syndrome. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome Adult Still disease, 831 Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL), 1383–1384. See also Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus Advance care planning/advance directives, 89 ADVANCE study, 356, 1204 Advil. See Ibuprofen Adynamic bone disease, 912 Adynamic (paralytic) ileus, 627–628 Aedes mosquitoes. See Mosquitoes Aeroallergens. See also Allergens in allergic rhinitis, 218, 219 asthma caused by, 243, 248, 249f atopy and, 866 avoidance therapy and, 219 desensitization therapy/ immunotherapy and, 249f, 252t, 253 AeroBid. See Flunisolide Aerodigestive tract. See also specific structure foreign bodies in, 238–239, 308 Aeromonas, diarrhea caused by, 574t, 576, 578, 1298 Aerophagia, 573 Aerophobia, in rabies, 1376 Aerosols, sniffing, 1086 Aesthetic plastic surgery, 1720–1721. See also Reconstructive surgery Affect, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1053, 1054 Afibrinogenemia, congenital, 552 Afinitor. See Everolimus Aflatoxin exposure, hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1603
AFP. See Acute flaccid paralysis; Alphafetoprotein AFP-L3, in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 African American patients. See Black patients African tick bite fever, 1414 African trypanosomiasis, 1484–1485, 1485t Age/aging. See also Older adults accommodative loss and (presbyopia), 162 arthritis and, 810 atrial fibrillation and, 385, 385t, 386 benign prostatic hyperplasia and, 956 breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t, 1708 burn injury survival and, 1550 colorectal cancer risk and, 1622 dementia and, 59–63, 1005–1010, 1008t facial changes related to, 1720–1721 fever/FUO and, 1276 foreign body aspiration and, 238–239 gynecomastia and, 1178 hearing loss and (presbyacusis), 72, 198, 206 hypertension/hypertension management and, 433, 435, 436, 437, 458t, 459 luteinizing hormone affected by, 1173 maternal, Down syndrome and, 1666 paternal, mutations and, 1666 postoperative delirium and, 53, 53t postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50 prostate cancer and, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1635f, 1637, 1637t PSA reference ranges and, 1631–1632 radiation-related carcinogenesis and, 1555 sleep changes and, 1075 testosterone deficiency/hypogonadism and, 1096, 1173, 1175 in women, 1185 vision impairment and, 72 weight loss and, 37, 37t, 69–70 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), 181 Age-related macular degeneration, 180–181 Age-related maculopathy, 181 Agenerase. See Amprenavir Agglutinins cold, 507 febrile, 1277 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. See HACEK organisms Aggregatibacter aphrophilus. See HACEK organisms Aggression, 1078–1079. See also Violence alcohol use/abuse and, 1078, 1080 anabolic steroid use and, 1078, 1086 in dementia, 1089 phencyclidine use/abuse and, 1055, 1078, 1084 suicide and, 1064 Aggrestat. See Tirofiban Aging. See Age/aging
CMDT 2013
1741
Agitation in dementia patients, treatment of, 61–62, 1009, 1089 palliation of in terminally ill/dying patient, 86–87 Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (primary myelofibrosis), 511t, 514–515 Agnosia in dementia, 59 intracranial tumors causing, 991 Agoraphobia, 1041 Agranulocytosis. See also Neutropenia drug-induced, 510 clozapine causing, 1000, 1056, 1059 mirtazapine causing, 1068 thiourea therapy causing, 1114–1115 “A(H1N1)pdm09” (swine-origin) influenza, 23, 214, 1395, 1396, 1399–1400. See also Influenza drug resistance and, 1396, 1399 prevention of, 1400. See also H1N1 influenza vaccine AI. See Aromatase inhibitors Aichi virus, gastroenteritis caused by, 1404–1405 Aid to Capacity Evaluation, evaluation of decision-making ability and, 73 AIDS. See HIV infection/AIDS AIDS cholangiopathy, 1364, 1507 AIDS enteropathy, 1330 AIDS wasting syndrome, 1325 AIP. See Acute intermittent porphyria; Acute interstitial pneumonia Air bronchogram in ARDS, 322 in bronchial obstruction, 243 Air travel compression stocking use during, 34 dysbarism/decompression sickness and, 1557, 1558 eustachian tube dysfunction/ barotrauma and, 202 lower extremity edema and, 33, 34 medical safety/patient selection and, 1560–1561 during pregnancy, 786, 1560 retinal detachment and, 180 SARS transmission and, 1400, 1401 venous thromboembolism and, 34, 1560 AIRE gene, in type 1 diabetes, 1193 Airway disorders, 242–270. See also specific type allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis, 266–267, 1537, 1538 asthma, 243–259 bronchiectasis, 265–266 bronchiolitis, 269–270 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 259–265, 260t cystic fibrosis, 267–268 glaucoma treatment and, 176 lower airway, 242–243 obstruction in diphtheria, 1433, 1434 drowning/near drowning and, 1556 dyspnea and, 24, 25 by food (café coronary), 308
1742
CMDT 2013
Airway disorders, obstruction (Cont.): foreign body causing, 238–239, 308 in hypoparathyroidism, 1136, 1137 of lower airways, 242–243 occupational disorders and, 310–311 in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 234 during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea), 231, 318, 318–319 tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy for, 238 of upper airways, 242 respiratory failure caused by, 320t stridor and, 233 thermal injury, smoke inhalation and, 307, 1550 upper airway, 242 Airway management. See also Intubation burn injury and, 1550 for coma, 1014, 1562–1563 in hypoparathyroidism, 1137 tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy in, 238 Akathisia, 1004 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 SSRIs causing, 1067 AKIN criteria, in acute kidney injury, 901 Akinesia, in Huntington disease, 1001 Akinetic mutism (persistent vegetative state), 1016 Akineton. See Biperiden AL (primary) amyloidosis, 530–532, 920t, 930. See also Amyloidosis Al-Anon, 1079, 1082 Ala-Ala. See Teplizumab Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 664, 664t. See also Aminotransferase levels in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 in alcoholic liver disease, 681 in liver disease/jaundice, 664, 664t monitoring, in tuberculosis therapy, 4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684, 685 olanzapine affecting, 1057 reference/normal values for, 664t, 1727t in viral hepatitis, 666, 666f, 668f, 671f, 675 Alarm response, 1041 Albendazole for ascariasis, 1517 for clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis, 1513 for cutaneous larva migrans, 1523 for cysticercosis, 1515 for enterobiasis/pinworms, 1520 for filariasis, 1525–1526 for giardiasis, 1509 for gnathostomiasis, 1523 for hookworm disease, 1518 for hydatid disease, 1516 for microsporidiosis, 1508 for strongyloidiasis, 1519 for trichinosis, 1522 for trichuriasis/whipworm, 1518 Albinism, 155 Albinism-associated storage pool disease, 548 Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, 1137
index Albumin ascitic fluid, 588. See also Serum-ascites albumin gradient in cirrhosis, 686, 688, 692t serum levels of anion gap and, 890 calcium levels and, 882, 883, 1136, 1646 in liver disease/jaundice, 664t in myeloma staging, 529 in nephrotic syndrome, 927 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 in protein-losing enteropathy, 631, 632 reference/normal values for, 664t, 1727t urinary. See Albuminuria Albuminuria, 899. See also Proteinuria in diabetes/diabetic nephropathy, 931, 1224 glycemic control and, 931, 1201, 1224 Albuterol for asthma, 254t, 255 with ipratropium, 254t for cystic fibrosis, 268 for hyperkalemia, 881t Alclometasone, 95t Alcohol addiction, 1080. See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse Alcohol use/dependency/abuse (alcoholism), 18–20, 1080–1083 acute intoxication/poisoning, 1080, 1569t, 1579–1580 metabolic acidosis/osmolar gap and, 877, 1081, 1569, 1569t aggressive/violent behavior and, 1078, 1080 amnestic syndrome and, 1088 anxiety self-treatment and, 1043 atrial fibrillation and, 384 cancer and, 1594 breast cancer, 722, 1708 esophageal cancer, 1613 liver cancer, 682, 685, 687, 1603, 1604 oral cancer, 224 in cardiomyopathy, 411, 412 cirrhosis and, 680, 681, 682, 686, 687 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 682, 685, 687, 1603, 1604, 1605 coma in diabetic patient and, 1232t complications associated with, 1081 Cushing syndrome/hypercortisolism and, 1160 delirium caused by, 1080, 1087t depression and, 1064, 1072, 1080 differential diagnosis of, 1081 drug therapy for, 1082 Dupuytren contracture and, 686, 824 fatty liver and, 681, 684, 685 folic acid deficiency and, 499 gastritis/dyspepsia and, 565, 607, 608 gout/hyperuricemia and, 812, 813, 814 hepatitis and, 680–682 hyperosmolality caused by, 877 hypertension and, 436, 441, 441t hypoglycemia associated with, 1083, 1222, 1238, 1238t
hypophosphatemia and, 885 immunization recommendations in, 1309t ketoacidosis and, 891, 893 lipid abnormalities and, 1247, 1248t liver disease associated with, 680–682, 1081, 1083 Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears and, 581, 582, 599 management of, 1081–1083 methotrexate toxicity and, 829 myopathy associated with, 1036 neuropathy associated with, 1023 in pancreatitis, 711, 712, 715, 716 in panic disorder, 1041 platelet function affected by, 549t porphyria cutanea tarda and, 122 pregnancy and, 783, 1081 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t prevention of injury related to, 17 prevention of/screening tests for, 18–20, 19t, 20t psychotic behavior associated with (alcoholic hallucinosis), 1081, 1082, 1088 PTSD and, 1039, 1040, 1079 rhabdomyolysis and, 844 sleep disorders and, 318, 319, 1076 suicide and, 1064, 1080 thiamine deficiency/supplement and, 681, 891, 893, 1083, 1264 trauma outcome/incidence affected by, 17 Wernicke encephalopathy/WernickeKorsakoff syndrome and, 681, 893, 1013, 1081, 1083, 1264 withdrawal and, 1080–1081, 1082–1083 delirium caused by, 1080 differential diagnosis of, 1081 drug therapy for, 18, 1082–1083 seizures caused by, 969, 974, 1080, 1083 Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), 18, 19t Alcoholic brain syndromes, chronic, 1081, 1083 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, 411, 412 Alcoholic (organic) hallucinosis, 1081, 1082, 1088 Alcoholic hepatitis, 680–682 postoperative complications associated with, 51 Alcoholic hyaline, 681 Alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891, 893 Alcoholics Anonymous, 1082 Aldactazide. See Spironolactone, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide Aldactone. See Spironolactone Aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, alcohol use/abuse and, 1080 Aldesleukin. See also Interleukin-2 for cancer chemotherapy, 1657t Aldicarb poisoning, 1587 Aldolase, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Aldomet. See Methyldopa
index Aldosterone. See also Aldosteronism; Hypoaldosteronism adrenal adenoma/hyperplasia secreting, 438, 1164, 1165, 1166 drugs blocking receptors for. See also Spironolactone for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 437, 438, 442t, 445t, 449–453 for myocardial infarction, 371 in hypertension, 437, 438, 440, 453, 1164, 1165 resistant disease and, 438, 453, 460, 1164, 1165 potassium balance and, 402, 878, 879, 1164 in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 933 serum/urine levels of in primary aldosteronism, 438, 1165 reference values for, 1727t in steroidogenic enzyme defects, 1166 Aldosterone:renin ratio, 438, 1164, 1165 Aldosteronism (hyperaldosteronism), 437–438, 1164–1166 glucocorticoid-remediable, 437, 878t, 1164, 1166 hypertension and, 437, 437–438, 440, 453, 1164, 1165 hypokalemia and, 878, 1164 primary, 437–438, 1164–1166 saline-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis and, 895, 1164 Alefacept. See also Anti-TNF agents for psoriasis, 108 Alemtuzumab, 1653t for aplastic anemia, 509 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 Alendronate, 1146. See also Bisphosphonates adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t in hyperparathyroidism, 1143 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1146 corticosteroid use and, 1191 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 Aleukemic leukemia, 520 Aleve. See Naproxen Alfieri procedure, 341 Alfuzosin, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959, 959t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t Alimentary hypoglycemia, functional, 1242–1243 Alimentary tract cancers, 1612–1630. See also specific type or structure affected Alimta. See Pemetrexed Aliskiren, 449 with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t with valsartan, 452t ALK inhibitors, for lung cancer, 1600 ALK-1 (activin-like kinase-type) gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 in pulmonary hypertension, 423–424 Alkali administration. See Bicarbonate Alkalies, caustic/corrosive, 1572 esophageal injury caused by, 599, 1572
eye injury caused by, 194, 1572 ingestion of, 1566, 1567, 1571, 1572 Alkaline phosphatase in alcoholic liver disease, 681 in biliary cirrhosis, 693 in cholecystitis, 704 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 in cirrhosis, 686 in hemochromatosis, 695 in hepatitis A, 666 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 in hypophosphatasia, 1150 in liver disease/jaundice, 664, 664t in osteomalacia, 1150, 1151 in Paget disease of bone, 1152 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 reference/normal values for, 664t, 1727t Alkalinization, urine. See Urine, alkalinization of Alkalosis, 889, 889t contraction, 895 in heat exposure syndromes, 1548 metabolic, 889, 889t, 894–895, 894t. See also Metabolic alkalosis posthypercapnia, 895, 896 respiratory, 889, 889t, 896–897, 896t. See also Respiratory alkalosis salicylate overdose/toxicity causing, 1588 saline-responsive, 894, 894–895, 894t, 895 saline-unresponsive, 894, 894t, 895 Alkaptonuria, 1665–1666 Alkeran. See Melphalan Alkylating agents, 1650–1651t breastfeeding and, 782t ALL. See Acute lymphoblastic/ lymphocytic leukemia All-Trans-Retinoic Acid. See Tretinoin Allergens. See also Allergies/allergic reactions anaphylaxis/urticaria/angioedema caused by, 132, 133, 866 asthma caused by, 243, 248 desensitization therapy/ immunotherapy for, 249f, 252t, 253 avoidance of for allergic contact dermatitis, 124–125 for allergic rhinitis, 219 Allergic alveolitis, extrinsic (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), 310, 310t Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome), 306 leukotriene modifiers for asthma and, 253 pulmonary involvement in, 306 renal involvement in, 919t, 921f, 924 Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/ aspergillosis, 266–267, 1537, 1538 Allergic conjunctivitis, 167 Allergic contact dermatitis, 124–125, 124f, 866 impetigo differentiated from, 123, 124 topical medications causing, 100, 124 urticaria in, 133
CMDT 2013
1743
Allergic eye disease, 166–167 Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), 218–219 conjunctivitis and, 167 nasal polyps and, 218, 222 Allergic vasculitis, drugs causing, 159t Allergies/allergic reactions, 865–866 anaphylactic, 866 angioedema and, 132, 133, 866 antibody-mediated (cytotoxic), 866 asthma and, 243, 248 desensitization therapy/ immunotherapy for, 249f, 252t, 253 atopic, 866. See also under Atopic to drugs. See Drug allergy eosinophilic esophagitis and, 600 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 IgE-mediated (immediate), 866 immune complex-mediated, 866 serum sickness and, 866, 867 to insulin, 1222 Kawasaki disease affecting risk of, 1418 pseudoallergic (anaphylactoid), 867 radiocontrast media causing, 867 T-cell mediated (delayed/cellmediated), 866 in topical dermatologic therapy, 100 in topical ophthalmic therapy, 166, 195 urticaria caused by, 132, 133, 866 Allergy testing, 866 in asthma, 248 Allgrove (triple A) syndrome, 1156, 1157, 1157–1158 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 532–534. See also Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation Alloimmunization platelet transfusion and, 536 stem cell transplantation and, 533 Allopurinol drug interactions of, 816 for hyperuricemia/gout, 815–816, 816 in cancer patients, 1647, 1658t in polycythemia, 513 in transplant patients, 816 urinary stones and, 949 for tumor lysis syndrome, 1647, 1658t Almonds (bitter), odor of in cyanide poisoning, 1577 Almotriptan, for migraine headache, 964 Alocril. See Nedocromil Alomide. See Lodoxamide Alopecia, 156–157 androgenetic (pattern), 156 in women, 156, 1719–1720 areata, 157 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 nonscarring, 156–157 scarring (cicatricial), 156 in SLE, 833 in syphilis, 1469 totalis, 157 universalis, 157 in women, 156, 1719–1720 Alora, 1183 Alosetron, for irritable bowel syndrome, 635
1744
CMDT 2013
Alpha-adrenergic agonists for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 176–177 for retrograde ejaculation, 955 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs, 456t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 179, 195t, 196t, 959 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 959, 959t for hypertension, 453, 456t, 458t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 phosphodiesterase inhibitor interaction and, 952 ureteral stone expulsion and, 950 for urinary incontinence, 69 Alpha2-antiplasmin deficiency, 552 Alpha1-antiprotease/antitrypsin in COPD/emphysema, 260, 261 replacement therapy and, 264 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 in protein-losing enteropathy, 631, 632 reference values for, 1727t Alpha-delta storage pool disease, 548 Alpha-fetoprotein in Down syndrome, 783, 1666 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604, 1605 prenatal testing for, 783 reference values for, 1730t testicular tumors producing, 1177, 1643 Alpha-globin gene, 494 in alpha thalassemia syndromes, 494, 494t, 495 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 495t Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes mellitus, 1206t, 1210–1211, 1220 overdose/toxicity of, 1211, 1220, 1580 Alpha interferon. See Interferon-a 5-Alpha-reductase, deficiency of, 1162 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors. See also Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959–960 Alpha-synuclein gene/inclusions, in parkinsonism/Lewy body dementia, 998, 1008t Alpha thalassemia syndromes, 494, 494t, 495, 496 sickle cell disease and, 505, 505t Alpha thalassemia trait, 494t, 495, 495–496, 496 Alphagan. See Brimonidine Alpharadin, for prostate cancer, 1637 ALPL gene, in hypophosphatasia, 1150 Alprazolam, 1042t, 1043 overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 for panic attacks, 1043, 1044 Alprenolol, overdose/toxicity of, 1575 Alprostadil, for erectile dysfunction, 953, 1226–1227 ALT. See Alanine aminotransferase Altace. See Ramipril Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator/t-PA), 369t. See also Thrombolytic therapy
index for acute arterial occlusion of limb, 468 for myocardial infarction, 368–369, 369t pleural instillation of, 316 for pulmonary embolism, 303, 562t, 563 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 for stroke, 982 Altered mental status. See Mental status, altered Alternaria, phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541 Alternating current (AC) electrical injury, 1552 Altitude-related illness. See Decompression sickness; High-altitude illness Altretamine, 1655t Aluminum preparations for hyperphosphatemia, 886 metabolic bone disorders/ osteomalacia and, 912, 913, 1150 osteomalacia caused by, 912, 913, 1150 Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A–a Do2) in asthma, 246 in COPD, 261 in pulmonary embolism, 298 Alveolar hemorrhage syndromes, 26, 306–307 Alveolar hydatid disease, 1516 Alveolar hyperventilation, 318 Alveolar hypoventilation central, 318 obesity and (Pickwickian syndrome), 318 primary (Ondine curse), 317–318 Alveolar proteinosis, 296 Alveolitis, 292 extrinsic allergic (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), 310, 310t Alvimopan, for acute paralytic ileus, 627–628 Alzheimer disease, 59, 1007, 1008t. See also Dementia clinical features of, 60, 1008t hypertension and, 439 prognosis for, 62 seizures in, 969 treatment of, 61–62, 1008, 1009, 1089 Alzheimer’s Association/Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association, 61, 1089 Amalgams, metal-containing, allergy to, lichen planus-like lesions and, 144 AMAN. See Acute motor axonal neuropathy Amanita mushroom poisoning, 1585– 1586, 1586t Amanitin toxin (amatoxin), poisoning with mushrooms containing, 1585–1586, 1586t Amantadine, 1353t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs for extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics, 1060 for Huntington disease, 1002
influenza/influenza resistance and, 23, 1353t, 1396, 1398, 1399 for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 1060 for parkinsonism, 999 Amaryl. See Glimepiride Amatoxin (amanitin toxin), poisoning with mushrooms containing, 1585–1586, 1586t Amaurosis fugax, 184, 469, 981 Ambien. See Zolpidem Ambiguous genitalia, in steroidogenic enzyme defects, 1156, 1162 AmBisome. See Liposomal amphotericin B Amblyomma ticks. See Ticks Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 433 Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in angina, 354 in atrial fibrillation, 388 in palpitation evaluation, 31, 32 in seizure evaluation, 971 in syncope evaluation, 397 Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. See Esophageal pH monitoring Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, continuous, 916 Amcinonide, 96t Amebas, pathogenic free-living, 1505–1506 encephalitis/meningoencephalitis caused by, 1287, 1505–1506, 1506 Amebiasis (entamoeba infection), 1503–1505, 1504f, 1505t extraintestinal/hepatic, 1503, 1504, 1505t intestinal, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1503, 1503–1504, 1504, 1504f, 1505t Amebic encephalitis/ meningoencephalitis, 1287, 1505–1506, 1506 Amebic liver abscess (hepatic amebiasis), 1503, 1504, 1505t Amebic ulcers, 1504, 1504f Amebicides, 1504, 1505t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t Ameboma, 1503 Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, 538, 539 Amen. See Progesterone Amenorrhea, 1179–1188 in anorexia nervosa, 1262 in female athlete triad, 1712 in hyperprolactinemia, 1102, 1103, 1180, 1181 oral contraceptive use and, 770 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162, 1179, 1180 pregnancy/lactation causing, 781, 786, 1180, 1181 primary, 1179–1180 secondary, 1180–1186. See also Menopause; Pregnancy in Turner syndrome, 1179, 1180, 1186, 1187
index American Diabetes Association diet recommendations, 1204–1205 American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), 1486–1487 achalasia and, 605 Amevive. See Alefacept Amicar. See e-Aminocaproic acid Amifostine, for chemotherapy/radiationinduced toxicity, 1658t cisplatin therapy and, 1658t, 1662 Amikacin, 1722t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Amikin. See Amikacin Amiloride for heart failure, 401 hyperkalemia caused by, 401, 879 for hypertension, 445t with hydrochlorothiazide, 445t lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t e-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), for bleeding disorders, 550t Aminoglutethimide, for prostate cancer, 1637t Aminoglycosides contraindications to in myasthenia gravis, 1032, 1034 nephrotoxicity/acute kidney injury and, 904 neuromuscular transmission affected by, 1034 ototoxicity of, 207 for pneumonia, 273t Aminolevulinic acid, urinary, in porphyria, 1664 Aminophylline for asthma, 255 lithium interactions and, 1074t for lithium overdose/toxicity, 1073 5-Aminosalicylic acid, for inflammatory bowel disease, 638–639 colorectal cancer risk and, 1623 Crohn disease, 644 ulcerative colitis, 647, 647–648 Aminotransferase levels, 664t. See also Alanine aminotransferase; Aspartate aminotransferase in acetaminophen toxicity, 1570, 1570f in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 in alcoholic liver disease, 681 in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in cholecystitis, 704 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 in liver disease/jaundice, 664t in liver failure, 673 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684, 685 postoperative, 51 in shock liver, 699 in viral hepatitis, 666, 666f, 668, 668f, 670, 671f, 674, 675, 676 zileuton affecting, 253 Amiodarone adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for arrhythmias, 377, 378t atrial fibrillation, 372, 378t, 386, 387, 388 atrial flutter, 389 in heart failure, 405 infarct-related, 372, 373, 376
supraventricular tachycardia, 378t, 382 ventricular tachycardia, 378t, 391, 392 epididymitis and, 944 hyperthyroidism/Graves disease caused by, 1110, 1112, 1113–1114, 1114, 1117 hyponatremia caused by, 872 hypothyroidism caused by, 1106 levothyroxine therapy affected by, 1109 Amitriptyline, 1068, 1070t, 1722t. See also Antidepressants for interstitial cystitis, 946 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy, 84, 1021, 1225 for postherpetic neuralgia, 121, 968 AML. See Acute myeloid leukemia Amlodipine, 454t. See also Calcium channel blocking drugs for angina, 356 for heart failure, 405 for hypertension, 453, 454t with atorvastatin, 454t with benazepril, 450t with hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan, 452t with olmesartan, 451t with telmisartan, 452t with valsartan, 452t lower extremity edema caused by, 33 overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 1576 Ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy, 690 in liver failure, 673 in normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893, 933 reference values for, 1727t Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, for Wilson disease, 697 Amnesia in delirium, 1088 dissociative, 1041 in head injury, 1016 Amnestic syndrome, 1088 Amniocentesis, 783, 784 CMV infection and, 1365 Amodiaquine, 1492t, 1494–1495 with artesunate (ASAQ), 1493t, 1494t, 1495, 1496 with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, 1496 Amoxapine, 1068, 1070t Amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanate for anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection, 279, 1455 for anthrax, 1432, 1433t for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215, 216t for endocarditis, 1438t in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614t for Lyme disease, 1481, 1482 for pneumonia, 273, 273t, 279, 1423 resistance to, pneumococcal pneumonia and, 273, 1424 for rosacea, 129 “AMP” (marijuana soaked in formaldehyde), 1085 Amphetamines abuse/overdose of, 1085–1086, 1572–1573
CMDT 2013
1745
psychotic behavior caused by, 1085, 1086 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t during pregnancy, 783 Amphotericin B, 1541–1542, 1541t for aspergillosis, 1538 for blastomycosis, 1539 for candidiasis, 598, 1530 for coccidioidomycosis, 1533 for cryptococcal meningitis, 993, 1338t, 1536 for histoplasmosis, 1532 for leishmaniasis, 1488 lipid-based preparations of, 1541– 1542, 1541t. See also Lipidbased amphotericin B for mucormycosis, 217, 1538 nephrotoxicity/acute kidney injury and, 904 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for P marneffei infection, 1540 for paracoccidioidomycosis, 1539 prophylactic, 1281 for sporotrichosis, 1539 Amphotericin B lipid complex, 1541–1542, 1541t. See also Lipid-based amphotericin B Ampicillin allopurinol interactions and, 816 for endocarditis, 1438t for pneumonia, 273t rash caused by, 1306 in mononucleosis, 228, 1361, 1362 for urinary tract infection, 940t Ampicillin-sulbactam, for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Amprenavir, 1344, 1345, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Ampulla of Vater, carcinoma of (ampullary/periampullary carcinoma), 1607–1612, 1620 Amputation in acute arterial limb occlusion, 469 in electrical burns, 1553 in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 AMSAN. See Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy Amyl nitrite abuse of, 1086 for cyanide poisoning, 1577, 1578t Amylase ascitic fluid, 588 in pancreatitis, 588, 591, 711, 713 pleural fluid, 314 serum levels of in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1233 in liver failure, 673 in mumps, 1370 in pancreatitis, 711, 713, 716 reference values for, 1727t Amyloid angiopathy, cerebral, 983, 984 Amyloid protein, 531, 930. See also Amyloidosis in dementia, 1007 Amyloidosis, 530–532, 920t, 930 cardiac, 531 cardiomyopathy and, 415, 416–417, 417, 427, 531
1746
CMDT 2013
Amyloidosis (Cont.): familial Mediterranean fever and, 591 hereditary (transthyretin/TTR), 531 localized, 531 myeloma and, 528, 531, 930, 936 nephrotic spectrum disorders and, 920t, 930 neuropathy and, 531, 1023 primary (AL), 530–532, 930 renal failure type (b2-microglobulin), 531 secondary (AA), 531, 930 senile (atrial natriuretic peptide), 531 systemic, 531 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 1019, 1020 enterovirus infection and, 1407 Amyotrophy diabetic, 1022, 1225 neuralgic (idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy), 1029–1030 ANA. See Antinuclear antibody Anabolic steroids abuse of, 18, 1086 aggression/violence and, 1078, 1086 gynecomastia and, 1178 for AIDS wasting, 1325 Anacetrapib, 1252 Anaerobic infections, 1454–1456, 1455t, 1456f pleuropulmonary (pneumonia/lung abscess), 278–279, 1302t, 1303t, 1455 Anafranil. See Clomipramine Anagrelide for essential thrombocytosis, 514 for polycythemia, 512 Anakinra for gout, 814 for Still disease, 831 Anal dysplasia/cancer, 1612t, 1629–1630 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1629 Anal fissures, 660–661 in Crohn disease, 641, 642 Anal fistulas, 661 Anal gonorrhea, 658. See also Anorectal disorders, gonococcal Anal sphincter, disorders of constipation and, 570 fecal incontinence and, 659, 660 Anal syphilis, 658–659, 1465, 1469, 1469f Analgesia/analgesics. See also specific type or disorder and Pain management breastfeeding and, 782t caffeine-containing, 1086 for migraine headache, 964 for chronic pain/chronic pain disorders, 1048–1049 in end-of-life care, 75–76 for osteoarthritis, 811–812 patient-controlled, 1091 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932–933, 933 Analgesic nephropathy, 932–933, 933 ureteral/renal pelvis cancer and, 1640 Analgesic rebound headache, 966 Anaphylactoid (pseudoallergic) reactions, 867 Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock, 866
index insect stings causing, 866 insulin allergy causing, 1222 penicillin allergy causing, 1306 transfusion causing, 535 Anaplasma (anaplasmosis), 1409t, 1414–1415 babesiosis coinfection and, 1415, 1499 equi, 1409t Lyme disease coinfection and, 1415, 1481 phagocytophilum, 1409t, 1414 Anaprox. See Naproxen Anasarca, 588 Anastrozole, 1656t for breast cancer, 740t for endometriosis, 761 for gynecomastia, 1179 ANCA. See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody Ancef. See Cefazolin Ancobon. See Flucytosine Ancylostoma braziliense, 1523 caninum, 1518, 1523 cutaneous larva migrans caused by, 1523 duodenale, 1518 Andes virus, 1388 Androderm, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Androgel, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Androgen deprivation, for prostate cancer, 1635, 1636, 1637t Androgen insensitivity/resistance gynecomastia in, 1178 male hypogonadism caused by, 1094, 1175 pseudohermaphroditism/amenorrhea in, 1179 Androgenetic (pattern) baldness, 156 in women, 156, 1719–1720 Androgens. See also Antiandrogens; Testosterone for aplastic anemia, 509 deficiency of, 1173–1177, 1173t. See also Hypogonadism pseudohermaphroditism/ amenorrhea and, 1179 in women, 1185 replacement therapy and, 780, 1181, 1185 excess of. See Hyperandrogenism oral, replacement therapy with, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Androstenedione in hirsutism/virilization, 1163 prostate cancer and, 1636 Anejaculation, 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence Anemias, 490–509, 491t. See also specific cause or type antiretroviral therapy and, 1343 in cancer chemotherapy, 1649 supportive care agents for, 1649, 1659t in celiac disease, 622 of chronic disease, 492, 493–494 in cirrhosis, 686
classification of, 490, 491t in colorectal cancer, 1623 in erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection, 1402, 1403 fish tapeworm infection and, 1514 in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616 in hairy cell leukemia, 523 hemolytic. See Hemolytic anemias/ hemolysis in hookworm disease, 1518 in kidney disease, 493, 898, 902, 911f, 913 macrocytic, 490, 491t malabsorption and, 621t in malaria, 1491 microcytic, 490, 491t in myelodysplastic syndromes, 517, 518 in myeloma, 528 during pregnancy, 784, 798–799 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 52 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 pulmonary hypertension in, 424 refractory, 517 retinal disease associated with, 186–187 in SLE, 834t thalassemias causing, 492, 494–496, 494t, 495t thiazolidinediones causing, 1210 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Anergy, skin test. See Skin test anergy Anesthesia/anesthetics liver function affected by, 51 local, for eye disorders, precautions for use of, 194 Aneuploidy screening, in prenatal testing, 783, 784 Aneurysms, 472–478. See also specific type and artery involved aortic abdominal, 472–474 thoracic, 474–475 mycotic drug use and, 1292 intracranial, 986 peripheral arterial, 475–476 stroke and, 984 Angiitis allergic, granulomatosis and. See Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis with granulomatosis (Wegener granulomatosis). See Granulomatosis, with polyangiitis primary, of central nervous system, 854 Angina intestinal (visceral artery insufficiency), 470–471 Ludwig, 230, 230–231 pectoris, 351–359, 358t. See also Coronary heart disease alteration in before myocardial infarction, 365 aortic regurgitation and, 344 aortic stenosis and, 342 in apathetic hyperthyroidism, 1114, 1118
index chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 29, 351–352 change in before myocardial infarction, 365 chronic stable, 351–359, 358t coronary vasospasm and, 351, 360 diagnosis/differential diagnosis of, 351–355 jaw pain and, 968 with normal arteriogram, 359–360 postinfarction, 372 preoperative risk assessment/ perioperative management and, 46, 47–49, 47t, 48f, 48t prevention of further attacks and, 355–358 trial results in, 358 Prinzmetal (variant), 360 prognosis for, 358, 358t in pulmonary embolism, 298t risk reduction and, 356 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 treatment of, 355 unstable. See Acute coronary syndromes; Unstable angina Vincent (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis), 226 Angiodysplasias, GI bleeding and, 581, 584, 586, 587 Angioectasias, GI bleeding and, 581, 584, 586, 587 Angioedema, 132–134, 866 ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy and, 132, 449 in drug desensitization, 1307 Angiofibroma juvenile, 222 in MEN, 1188t, 1189 Angiogenesis, drugs targeting, in breast cancer therapy, 741 Angiography/arteriography. See also specific disorder in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 cardiac/coronary. See also Cardiac catheterization in acute coronary syndromes, 364 in angina, 354–355 normal findings and, 359–360 in chest pain evaluation, 29, 354–355 in myocardial infarction, 364t, 371 cerebral. See Cerebral angiography/ arteriography; Neuroimaging CT. See Computed tomography; Helical (spiral) CT in GI bleeding diagnostic, 585 therapeutic, 583, 585, 586 in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240–1241 interventional. See Embolization left ventricular, in angina, 355 magnetic resonance. See Magnetic resonance angiography in polyarteritis nodosa, 848 pulmonary, in pulmonary embolism, 300 chest pain evaluation and, 29 helical CT, 299, 300, 301f radionuclide in angina, 353 in cardiomyopathy, 412
in heart failure, 400 in postinfarct pseudoaneurysm, 375 in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917 Angiomas/angiomatosis bacillary, 1323, 1331, 1453–1454, 1454 spider, in cirrhosis, 686 in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 Angiomyolipomas, of kidney, 1641, 1642 Angioplasty. See also Endovascular surgery/prostheses for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 carotid, 470 coronary for angina, 357–358 angiography before, 354 for myocardial infarction, 371 for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 for renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917, 918 for superior vena caval obstruction, 482 for visceral artery insufficiency/ intestinal angina, 471 Angiosarcoma, of liver, 1604 Angiostrongylus cantonensis/costaricensis (angiostrongyliasis), 1522 Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, 451–452t angioedema/urticaria and, 132, 449 for aortic regurgitation, 345 for chronic kidney disease, 908 for diabetic nephropathy, 449, 928, 931 for heart failure, 402, 449 chronic kidney disease and, 912 infarct-related, 371, 376 hyperkalemia caused by, 449, 879, 928 for hypertension, 442t, 449, 451–452t, 457–458, 457f, 458t in chronic kidney disease/renal failure, 442t, 449, 458–459, 911 in combination regimen, 457–458, 457f, 458t contraindications to during pregnancy, 802 in diabetics, 442t, 449, 458, 1203 for myocardial infarction, 371, 376 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 preoperative discontinuation of, 49, 55 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in hypertension, 436 reference values for, 1727t in sarcoidosis, 295 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 450–451t for acute coronary syndromes, 362t acute kidney injury/renal failure and, 449, 902–903 angioedema/urticaria and, 132, 449 breastfeeding and, 782t for chronic kidney disease, 908 cough and, 402, 449 for diabetic nephropathy, 928, 931, 1224 for heart failure, 401, 401–402, 449 chronic kidney disease and, 402, 912 infarct-associated, 370–371, 376 hyperkalemia caused by, 449, 879, 928
CMDT 2013
1747
for hypertension, 442t, 449, 450–451t, 457–458, 457f, 458t in chronic kidney disease, 442t, 449, 458–459, 911 in combination regimen, 449, 457–458, 457f, 458t contraindications to in pregnancy, 449, 802 in diabetics, 442t, 449, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t hypoglycemia caused by, 1244 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872 lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t for myocardial infarction, 362t, 370–371, 376 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 pregnancy and, 449, 802 preoperative discontinuation of, 55 for renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437 Angiotensinogen/angiotensin, in hypertension, 436, 437, 449 Angle closure, pupillary dilation and, 174, 194–195 Angle-closure glaucoma acute, 165t, 174–175 antipsychotics precipitating, 1059 pupillary dilation precipitating, 174, 194–195 chronic, 174 Angular cheilitis candidiasis and, 225, 226f, 1329 in HIV infection/AIDS, 226f, 1329 Anhedonia, 1063. See also Depression Anhidrosis and asthenia (tropical), 131 Anicteric leptospirosis, 1477 Anidulafungin, 1541t, 1542 for candidiasis, 1530 Aniline, methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Animal bites, 1288–1290. See also Insect bites/stings anaerobic skin infections and, 1289, 1456 poisonous snake, 1566t, 1589–1590 rabies and, 1289, 1290, 1376 Anion gap/anion gap acidosis, 889–890, 890, 890t. See also Urinary anion gap alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891, 893 decreased, 890, 890t diabetic ketoacidosis and, 891, 1234–1235 increased, 890, 890–891, 890t, 893 in kidney disease, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 902 lactic acidosis and, 890–891, 1237–1238 normal, 890, 890t, 891–893, 892t, 893–894. See also Normal anion gap acidosis with osmolar gap, 877, 1569 in poisoning/drug overdose, 891, 1569 with methanol or ethylene glycol, 877, 891, 1569, 1584 with salicylates, 891, 1588 in renal failure (uremic), 890, 891, 902 in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 933
1748
CMDT 2013
Anisakiasis (Anisakis marina), 1524 gastritis caused by, 610 Anismus (pelvic floor dyssynergia), 570, 570t, 571 Ankle examination of, 1703, 1704, 1704t injuries/sprains of, 1703–1705, 1703t, 1704t eversion (high), 1704–1705, 1704t inversion, 1703–1704, 1703t, 1704t range of motion and, 1704, 1704t strength testing and, 1704t Ankle-brachial index (ABI/ABPI) in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 in venous insufficiency, 34 leg ulcers and, 154 Ankylosing spondylitis, 820, 854–856 arthritis and, 855, 857 back pain caused by, 820, 855 inflammatory bowel disease and, 855, 858 ANNA-1. See Antineuronal nuclear antibodies Annuloplasty, for tricuspid regurgitation, 347 Anocutaneous reflex, fecal continence and, 660 Anogenital/perianal pruritus, 14f, 146–147, 661 in enterobiasis/pinworms, 146, 1520 Anogenital warts. See Venereal (genital) warts Anopheles mosquitoes. See Mosquitoes Anorectal disorders, 657–661. See also Genital ulcers anal cancer, 1612t, 1629–1630 bleeding in, 583, 584. See also Rectal bleeding candidal infection, 131, 132 chlamydial, 659, 1461 constipation and, 570, 570–571, 570t in Crohn disease, 641, 642, 642–643 fecal incontinence and, 659–660 fissures/abscesses/fistula, 660–661 in inflammatory bowel disease, 641, 642, 642–643, 661 gonococcal, 658, 1452 in granuloma inguinale, 1453 hemorrhoids, 657–658 in herpes simplex infection, 659 infections, 658–659 in lymphogranuloma venereum, 659, 1461 in syphilis, 658–659, 1465, 1469, 1469f in ulcerative colitis, 646 venereal warts, 139, 140, 140f, 659 Anorexia in cirrhosis, 686 folic acid deficiency and, 499 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 nervosa, 1262–1263 bulimia and, 1263 Cushing syndrome and, 1160 Anorexia-cachexia syndrome, in terminally ill/dying patient, 90 Anorgasmia. See Orgasm, loss of
index Anoscopy in GI bleeding, 584 in hemorrhoids/fecal incontinence, 657, 660 Anosmia, 220, 989 in Kallmann syndrome, 1094 Anosognosia, intracranial tumors causing, 991 Anovulation, 747 differential diagnosis of, 765 dysfunctional uterine bleeding and, 747 infertility and, 768 ovulation induction and, 769, 1097 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 766, 1162 Ansaid. See Flurbiprofen Anserine (pes anserine) bursa/bursitis, 1692 Antacids. See also Acid-antisecretory agents antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t diarrhea caused by, 578 for GERD, 596 hypermagnesemia and, 888, 906 metabolic alkalosis and, 895 for peptic ulcer disease, 613 Anterior blepharitis, 163, 163–164 Anterior chest wall syndrome, 355 Anterior communicating artery, occlusion of in stroke, 981 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 1692, 1693 assessment of, 1693–1698, 1694–1695t injury of, 1693–1698, 1694–1695t Anterior drawer sign/test ankle sprain and, 1703, 1704t knee stability/ACL injury and, 1693–1698, 1694t Anterior hypopituitarism, 1093–1098 Anterior interosseous syndrome, 1026 Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, 188 in giant cell arteritis, 188, 845–846 Anterior talofibular ligament, in ankle sprains, 1703, 1704 Anterior tibiofibular ligament, in ankle sprains, 1704 Anterior uveitis, 165t, 173, 177, 177–178, 178. See also Uveitis Anthracyclines, 1653t for acute myeloid leukemia, 520 for breast cancer, 736–737 toxicity of, 1653t, 1662 cardiac, 411, 1662 dexrazoxane for, 1658t, 1662 Anthrax, 1300t, 1431–1433, 1433t Anthrax vaccine, 1433 Anti-Xa heparin affecting, 555, 558 rivaroxaban affecting, 555, 558 Anti-155/140, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Anti-AMPA receptor antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 Anti-amphiphysin antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995
Antiandrogens for cancer chemotherapy, 1656t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163, 1164 pregnancy and, 1164 for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Antianginal drugs, 355–356 preoperative management for patient taking, 47 Anti-angiogenesis agents, for breast cancer, 741 Antianxiety drugs, 1042–1044, 1042t, 1043t. See also specific type Antiarrhythmic drugs, 377, 378–379t. See also specific agent and specific arrhythmia for arrhythmias in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564 in heart failure, 405 for infarct-associated arrhythmias, 372–373 prophylaxis/postinfarction management and, 371, 376 overdose/toxicity of, 377, 1564, 1588 perioperative risk and, 49 Antibacterial agents. See also Antibiotics; Antimicrobial therapy adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t ophthalmic, 168t Antibiotic-associated C difficile colitis/ diarrhea, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t Antibiotics, 1298–1307, 1299–1301t, 1302t, 1303–1304t. See also specific type or disorder and Antimicrobial therapy for acid-fast rod infections, 1300t for acne, 97t, 127 adverse reactions/toxicity and, 1305 dermatitis medicamentosa, 160 ophthalmic, 197t for asthma, 256 for bacterial overgrowth, 625 for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215–216, 216t, 1303t for bite wounds, 1289–1290 for brain abscess, 994, 1288, 1302t breastfeeding and, 782t for bronchiectasis, 266 in burn care, 1551 C difficile colitis/diarrhea and, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t for chlamydial infections, 1301t, 1461, 1462 clinical response to, 1301 promptness of, 1305 colitis associated with use of. See Antibiotic-associated C difficile colitis/diarrhea for COPD, 263–264, 264 cost of, 1305 for Crohn disease, 642, 644 for cystic fibrosis, 268 for diarrhea, 577, 1296, 1298 diarrhea caused by. See Antibioticassociated C difficile colitis/ diarrhea for diverticulitis, 652 duration of treatment and, 1305 in fever management, 36, 1278
index for gram-negative infections, 1299t, 1299–1300t, 1444 for gram-positive infections, 1299t, 1300t in H pylori eradication therapy, 609, 613–615, 614t, 615 for hepatic encephalopathy, 690 hypersensitivity tests/desensitization and, 1305–1307 in immunocompromised host, 1281– 1282, 1648 for impetigo, 97t, 123, 1303t infection in cancer patient and, 1648 intravenous administration of, 1305 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 for liver abscess, 701 for malaria, 1497 for meningitis, 1286t, 1288, 1424–1425 partial treatment and, 1286–1287 for mycoplasma infection, 1301t in neutropenic patient, 36, 510, 1281, 1281–1282, 1648 ophthalmic, 168t oral contraceptive failure and, 127 perioperative pulmonary complications and, 51 for surgical site infections, 55–56 for pharyngitis, 228, 229, 1303t, 1420 for PID, 763, 1304t platelet function affected by, 549t for pneumonia anaerobic, 278–279, 1302t, 1303t, 1455 in community-acquired disease, 270, 271, 272–274, 273t, 274, 1302t nosocomial, 277, 277t, 1302t pneumococcal, 1423 principles of use of, 1298–1305, 1299– 1301t, 1302t, 1303–1304t prophylactic. See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis resistance to. See Drug resistance for rickettsial infections, 1301t routes of administration for, 1305 for shock, 489 for skin and soft tissue infections, 1420–1421, 1421t for spirochetal infections, 1300t for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 589, 590, 689 for syphilis, 1467, 1468t thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t topical for acne, 97t, 127 for impetigo, 97t, 123 tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by, 932t for urinary tract infections, 940t, 1303t Antibodies. See also Immunoglobulins infections associated with defects in, 1279 Antibody-mediated (cytotoxic/type II) hypersensitivity, 866 Anticancer drugs. See Chemotherapy Anticardiolipin antibodies in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 834, 836 pregnancy loss and, 789 in SLE, 834, 834t
Anti-CCP antibodies, in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 Anti-CD3 antibodies, in new-onset type 1 diabetes, 1202 Anticentromere antibody, 833t in CREST syndrome/scleroderma, 833t, 839 Anticholinergic agents for allergic disorders/rhinitis, 219 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for asthma long-acting, 252, 252t short-acting, 254t, 255 breastfeeding and, 782t for COPD, 262 for irritable bowel syndrome, 634–635 for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569 overdose/toxicity of, 999, 1566t, 1575, 1583 ophthalmic effects and, 195t, 196t for parkinsonism, 998, 999, 999t Anticholinergic delirium, 1568, 1575, 1583 Anticholinergic syndrome/effects, 1568, 1575, 1583 antidepressants causing, 1068–1069, 1070t, 1575, 1591 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1055, 1057t, 1059 hallucinogens causing, 1583 Anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning, 1575, 1583 Anticholinesterases/acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer disease/dementia, 61, 1008–1009 for myasthenia gravis, 1032–1033 overdose/toxicity/poisoning with, 1566t, 1587 for parkinsonism, 1000 Anticipatory anxiety, in panic disorders, 1041 Anticoagulants, lupus. See Lupus anticoagulant Anticoagulation therapy, 554–555, 556– 562, 557t, 558t, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t for acute arterial occlusion of limb, 468 for acute coronary syndromes, 361–363, 362t for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 836 in pregnancy, 799, 836 in SLE, 834 for atrial fibrillation, 385t, 386–387, 388 in hyperthyroidism, 1118 in mitral stenosis, 338 for atrial flutter, 389 bleeding and, 302–303 after cardiac valve replacement, 343, 349 endocarditis and, 1439 pregnancy and, 349 drug interactions and, 560t antidepressants, 1071t for DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) drug selection and, 556–562, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t
CMDT 2013
1749
duration of, 301–302, 558–560, 562t patient selection and, 560t prevention and, 301, 555–556, 555t, 556t, 557t, 558t treatment and, 301–303, 556–562, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t in endocarditis, 1439 epistaxis and, 220 for heart failure, 405 hematuria and, 938 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and, 544–545, 544t, 554 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 for intracranial venous thrombosis, 988 investigational agents in, 558 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 371, 376 after thrombolytic therapy, 369–370 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 overdose/toxicity and, 1573 peptic ulcer disease and, 616 perioperative management of, 52, 53t for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f for septic superficial thrombophlebitis, 480 for stroke, 982 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t for transient ischemic attacks, 978–979 Anticochlear antibodies, autoimmune audiovestibular dysfunction and, 208 Anticonstipation agents. See Fiber, dietary; Fiber laxatives; Laxatives Anticonvulsant therapy, 972, 973t breastfeeding and, 782t corticosteroid interactions and, 1190 discontinuing, 972 drug selection and, 972, 973t for glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 968 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t monitoring serum levels during, 972 for myoclonus, 1004 overdose/toxicity and, 972, 1573–1574 for postherpetic neuralgia, 968 during pregnancy, 803, 972 for PTSD, 1040 for status epilepticus, 974 thyroid testing affected by, 1108 for trigeminal neuralgia, 967 vitamin D affected by, 1149 Anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 Anti-D, for immune thrombocytopenia, 541, 541f, 542 Anti-D antibodies, transfusion producing, 534 Antidepressants, 1065–1069, 1066f, 1069t, 1070t, 1071t. See also specific type and agent with antipsychotic agents, 1058, 1065–1066, 1069 for anxiety, 1042, 1043–1044 aripiprazole with, 1058, 1069 atypical, 1067–1068
1750
CMDT 2013
Antidepressants (Cont.): breastfeeding and, 782t buspirone as augmenting agent for, 1065, 1069 combination therapy and, 1069 in dementia, 61, 1009 dispensing, 1065, 1067 dose tapering and, 1069 drug interactions of, 1071t for dyspepsia, 566 in elderly, 63, 71 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 lithium augmentation/interaction and, 1065, 1069, 1073 maintenance therapy with, 1069 mania caused by, 1063 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 1069, 1069t, 1070t. See also Monoamine oxidase inhibitors for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy, 84, 84t, 1021, 1049, 1225 for OCD, 1044, 1067, 1068 overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1591–1592 arrhythmias and, 1068, 1564, 1588, 1591, 1591f hypotension caused by, 1068, 1069, 1563 seizures and, 1068–1069, 1565t, 1591 suicide and, 1065, 1067, 1591 in pain management, 84, 84t, 1021, 1049 for panic attacks, 1044 for personality disorder, 1053 for phobic disorder, 1044 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 for psychotic depression, 1058, 1065–1066, 1068 for PTSD, 1040 selection of, 1065 sexual dysfunction caused by, 1051, 1067, 1069 SSRIs, 1067–1068, 1070t. See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors switching agents and, 1069 thyroid medication/liothyronine as augmenting agent for, 1065, 1069 tricyclic, 1068–1069, 1070t. See also Tricyclic antidepressants Antidiabetic agents, 1205–1213, 1206– 1207t, 1220–1221. See also specific type and agent and Insulin therapy adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t combination regimens and, 1213 with insulin therapy, 1221 intensive therapy with, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 intraoperative requirements/ administration of, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t MAOI interactions and, 1071t overdose/toxicity of, 1566t, 1580 during pregnancy, 801, 1230 in prevention/delay of diabetes, 1201, 1201–1202, 1202
index Antidiarrheal agents, 577, 580, 1296 for Crohn disease, 643–645 for fecal incontinence, 660 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 for microscopic colitis, 650 for short bowel, 626 for traveler’s diarrhea, 1298 for ulcerative colitis, 647 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). See also Vasopressin antipsychotic drugs affecting, 1059 in diabetes insipidus/hypernatremia, 876 in hyponatremia, 871, 871f, 872, 873 inappropriate secretion of (SIADH). See Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion volume overload and, 877 Anti-DNase B, in rheumatic fever/heart disease, 418 Antidotes, 1566, 1566t. See also specific agent Anti-double-stranded (anti-ds)-DNA in hyperthyroidism, 1113 in lupus/SLE, 114, 833, 833t Antidromic reentrant tachycardia, 383 Anti-EGFR therapy. See EGFR (epidermal growth factor) mutations/ inhibitors Antiemetics, 568–569, 568–569t for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, 568–569, 1660 for hyperemesis gravidarum, 787 for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, 84 Antiendomysial antibodies, in celiac disease, 622 Antiepilepsy drugs. See Anticonvulsant therapy Antifolates in cancer chemotherapy, 1651t for malaria, 1497, 1498 Antifreeze. See Ethylene glycol poisoning Antifungal agents, 97–98t, 1541–1542, 1541–1542t. See also specific agent or disorder for candidiasis, 1530, 1541–1542 invasive disease, 1530, 1541, 1542 oral disease, 226, 1329 for dermatologic disorders, 97–98t for invasive sinusitis, 217 in neutropenia, 510, 1281 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t prophylactic, 1281, 1530 for systemic disorders, 1541–1542, 1541–1542t Anti-GABAB receptor antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 Anti-GalNAC-CD1a antibodies, in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 Anti-GBM antibodies. See Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies Anti-GD1a/GD1b antibodies, in GuillainBarré syndrome, 1025 Antigen-antibody complexes, 866. See also Immune complexmediated hypersensitivity
in glomerulonephritis, 907, 921f membranous nephropathy and, 929 serum sickness and, 866, 867 in SLE, 832 Antigenic drift/shift influenza epidemics/pandemics and, 1395 norovirus and, 1405 Antiglaucoma agents, 170–172t, 176–177 Antigliadin antibody, in celiac disease, 622 Antiglobulin test. See Coombs test Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, in glomerulonephritis/ Goodpasture syndrome, 306, 907, 919t, 921f, 924–925 Anti-GM1/GM1b antibodies, in GuillainBarré syndrome, 1025 Anti-GQ1b antibodies, in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 Anti-HAV, 666 Anti-HBc, 668f, 668t, 669, 674 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1603 screening blood for, 535–536, 669 Anti-HBe, 668f, 668t, 669, 674 Anti-HBs, 668–669, 668f, 668t Anti-HCV, 671, 671f, 676 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 screening blood for, 536, 671 Anti-HDV, 672, 675 Antihistamines, 99 abuse/overdose/toxicity of, 1575 for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t for allergic rhinitis, 218–219 for atopic dermatitis, 104 breastfeeding and, 782t for desensitization reactions, 1306, 1307 for insomnia, 1076 MAOI interactions and, 1071t for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569 nefazodone interactions and, 1068 for ophthalmic disorders, 167, 168t in OTC medications, 1086 for pruritus, 99 for scombroid poisoning, 1589 for urticaria, 99, 133 Anti-Hu antibody achalasia and, 605 in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 in cancer-related neuropathy, 1024 Antihypertensive drug therapy, 434t, 441–444, 442t, 443f, 444–459, 444t, 457f, 458t. See also specific class or agent age and, 458t, 459 aldosterone receptor antagonists in, 437, 438, 442t, 445t, 449–453 a-adrenoceptor antagonists in, 453, 456t angiotensin II receptor blocking agents in, 442t, 449, 451–452t, 457–458, 457f, 458t contraindications to during pregnancy, 802 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in, 442t, 449, 450– 451t, 457–458, 457f, 458t
index contraindications to in pregnancy, 449, 802 in diabetics, 442t, 449, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1224, 1227 for urgencies/emergencies, 462t in aortic dissection, 461t, 477 arteriolar dilators in, 453, 456t for urgencies/emergencies, 462t b-adrenergic blocking agents in, 442t, 446–449, 447–448t, 457, 457f, 458t during pregnancy, 802 for urgencies/emergencies, 462t in black patients, 446, 449, 453, 457f, 458t, 459 breastfeeding and, 782t calcium channel blocking drugs in, 442t, 453, 454–455t, 457–458, 457f, 458t during pregnancy, 802 for urgencies/emergencies, 462t combination regimens and, 457–458, 457f, 458t in congestive heart failure, 439, 442t, 457 depression caused by, 456t, 457, 1064 developing regimen for, 457–458, 457f, 458t in diabetes mellitus, 442t, 443, 457– 458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 complication rate/diabetic nephropathy and, 931, 1202, 1203, 1224, 1227 diuretics in, 434t, 444–446, 445t, 457– 458, 457f, 458t in combination products, 445t, 450t, 451t, 452t in combination regimens, 457–458, 457f, 458t during pregnancy, 802 for urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 follow-up and, 459 goals of, 442–444 heart disease prevention and, 10–11, 439, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 patient selection for, 441–444, 442t, 443f, 444t peripheral sympathetic inhibitors in, 453–457, 456t pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 for preeclampsia/eclampsia, 795 during pregnancy, 795, 802 in hypertensive emergency, 461t for prehypertension, 434t, 441–442, 443 preoperative/perioperative, 49 in renal disease/failure, 439, 442t, 458–459, 911 renin inhibitors in, 449, 450t stroke/stroke prevention and, 442t, 457 in urgencies/emergencies, 460–461, 461t sympatholytics in, 453, 456t overdose/toxicity of, 456t, 1577 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t for urgencies/emergencies, 460–463, 461t, 462t
vasodilators in, 453, 456t for urgencies/emergencies, 462t Anti-IgA antibodies, 868 Anti-inflammatory drugs. See also Corticosteroids; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma, 250 ophthalmic, 169–170t for osteoarthritis, 811–812 Anti-insulin antibodies in autoimmune/immunopathologic hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1243 in factitious hypoglycemia, 1243 in immune insulin resistance, 1222 insulin therapy causing, 1222–1223 in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Anti-insulin receptor antibodies, in hypoglycemia, 1243 Anti-integrins, in inflammatory bowel disease, 640 Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies, in pernicious anemia gastritis, 610 Anti-Itch lotion. See Pramoxine Anti-Jo-1 antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 833t, 841 Antileukocyte antibodies, transfusionrelated acute lung injury caused by, 536 Antileukotriene agents for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253 Anti-liver cytosol type 1, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 Anti-LKM1, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 Anti-Ma2 antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 Anti-MAG antibodies, in cancer-related neuropathy, 1024 Antimalarial agents, 1492t, 1493t, 1494–1497, 1494t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for lupus/SLE, 115, 834 for malaria, 1492–1498, 1492t, 1493t, 1494t chemoprophylaxis, 1498, 1498t non-falciparum, 1492–1493 nonimmune populations, 1493 self-treatment, 1498 severe disease, 1493, 1494t, 1497 treatment, 1492–1497, 1492t, 1493t, 1494t uncomplicated falciparum, 1493, 1493t, 1494t for porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 rabies vaccination and, 1315, 1378 resistance to, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1494t, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1498t for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 Antimania therapy, 1072–1075, 1074t Antimetabolites, in cancer chemotherapy, 1651–1652t breastfeeding and, 782t Anti-Mi-2 antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. See also specific agent and Antimicrobial therapy
CMDT 2013
1751
for anthrax, 1433 for aspergillosis, 1537 for bite wounds, 1289 in bronchiectasis, 266 in burn injury, 1551 for candidiasis, 1337, 1530 for CMV infection, 1280–1281, 1337, 1339, 1366 in COPD, 263 for cryptococcosis, 1337, 1536 in cystic fibrosis, 268 for cystitis, 939 for endocarditis, 1437, 1437t, 1438t in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 during pregnancy, 431, 803 for esophageal varices, 602 for filariasis, 1526 for group B streptococcal infection, in pregnancy, 784–785, 804 for herpes simplex infection, 1280, 1330, 1352, 1352–1355, 1353–1354t in HIV infection/AIDS/ immunocompromised host, 1280–1281, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t for influenza, 1397 for Lyme disease, 1481 for MAC infections, 1337, 1339, 1459 for malaria, 1498, 1498t. See also Antimalarial agents rabies vaccination and, 1315, 1378 for meningococcal meningitis, 1442 in neutropenia, 1281 for opportunistic infections, 1280–1281, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t for P jiroveci infection, 1280, 1337, 1337t, 1339, 1535 for P marneffei infection, 1540 for peritonitis, 590, 689 for pertussis, 1440 for plague, 1315, 1451 for Pneumocystis infection, 1280, 1337, 1337t, 1339, 1535 in rape/sexual assault, 778, 1291 for relapsing fever, 1476 for rheumatic fever, 418 for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 590, 689 for surgical site infections, 55–56 for toxoplasmosis, 1337, 1502 for traveler’s diarrhea, 1298 for tuberculosis, 280 in HIV infection/AIDS, 4, 1334, 1337 Antimicrobial therapy, 1298–1307, 1299–1301t, 1302t, 1303– 1304t. See also specific type or disorder and Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis adverse reactions/toxicity and, 1305 for asthma, 256 breastfeeding and, 782t in burn care, 1551 clinical response to, 1301 promptness of, 1305 cost of agents and, 1305 duration of, 1305
1752
CMDT 2013
Antimicrobial therapy (Cont.): empiric, 1301, 1302t, 1303–1304t for brain abscess, 994, 1288, 1302t for diarrhea, 577 in fever management, 36, 1278 in drug user, 1292–1293 in immunocompromised host, 1281–1282 for pneumonia community-acquired, 270, 271, 272, 273t, 1302t in immunocompromised host, 279 nosocomial, 275, 277, 277t, 1302t for urinary tract infections, 940t, 1303t in fever management, 36, 1278 hypersensitivity tests/desensitization and, 1305–1307 for meningitis, 1286t, 1288, 1424–1425 in neutropenic patient, 36, 510, 1281–1282 for opportunistic infection, 1281–1282 principles of, 1298–1305, 1299–1301t, 1302t, 1303–1304t resistance to. See Drug resistance routes of administration for, 1305 for shock, 489 for skin and soft tissue infections, 1420–1421, 1421t susceptibility testing and, 1301–1304 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t Antimicrotubule agents, in cancer chemotherapy, 1652t Antimigrainous agents, 963–965, 965t Antimitochondrial antibodies, in biliary cirrhosis, 693 Antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis, 693 Antimonials, pentavalent, for leishmaniasis, 1488–1489 Antimony. See Stibogluconate Antimotility drugs. See Antidiarrheal agents Anti-nAChR, in cancer-related neuropathy, 1024 Anti-native DNA antibody, 833t, 834t Antineoplastic agents. See Chemotherapy Antineuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA-1), neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes/ achalasia and, 605 Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), 833t in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in Churg-Strauss syndrome, 921f, 924 in Crohn disease, 642 in glomerulonephritis (pauciimmune), 849, 907, 919t, 921f, 924 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 833t, 848, 849, 924 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851, 921f, 924 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 Anti-NMDA receptor-associated encephalitis, 995 Antinuclear antibody (ANA), 833t in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in biliary cirrhosis, 693
index in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 833t in hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1110, 1113 in lupus/SLE, 114, 832, 833, 833t, 834t in mixed connective tissue disease/ overlap syndrome, 842 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 833t, 841 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827, 833t in scleroderma/CREST syndrome, 833t, 839 in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Antioxidants. See also Vitamin C; Vitamin E for age-related macular degeneration, 181 in chemoprevention, 11 lipid-lowering and, 1252 Antiparkinsonism drugs, 999–1001, 999t for antipsychotic-induced side effects/ parkinsonism, 1061 Antiphlebitic stockings. See Compression stockings Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome/ antiphospholipid antibodies, 799–800, 835–836 cardiac involvement in, 428 factor II antibodies and, 553 false-positive syphilis tests and, 836 livedo reticularis in, 836, 854 pregnancy loss and, 789, 799, 834, 836 in SLE, 833–834, 834, 834t a2-Antiplasmin deficiency, 552 Antiplatelet antibody heparin-associated, 544 reference values for, 1731t in immune thrombocytopenia, 540 in posttransfusion purpura, 546 Antiplatelet therapy. See also Aspirin for acute coronary syndromes, 361–363, 362t for angina, 356 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 371, 376 peptic ulcer disease and, 615, 616 perioperative discontinuation of, 49, 52, 53t, 363 for stroke, 982, 983 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t for transient ischemic attacks, 979 a1-Antiprotease/antitrypsin in COPD/emphysema, 260, 261 replacement therapy and, 264 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 in protein-losing enteropathy, 631, 632 reference values for, 1727t Antiproteinase-3 ANCA. See Proteinase-3 ANCA Antipruritic agents systemic, 99 topical, 94, 98t Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics), 1055–1061, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also specific type and agent abnormal movements caused by, 998, 1004, 1060–1061 adherence/nonadherence and, 1056, 1059
for aggressive/violent behavior, 1078 for alcoholic hallucinosis, 1082 with antidepressants, 1058, 1065–1066, 1069 atypical. See Atypical antipsychotics for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 breast cancer and, 1059 clinical indications for, 1058 for delirium, 64, 86, 1089 postoperative, 53 for dementia-associated behavior problems, 61–62, 1009, 1089 for depression, 1058, 1069 dosage forms and patterns of, 1058–1059 in elderly, 1058 for hallucinogen overdose/toxicity, 1583 for Huntington disease, 1002 lactation and, 1059 for mania, 1072 neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by, 1060, 1565, 1574 for OCD, 1044 overdose/toxicity/side effects of, 1057t, 1059–1061, 1060t, 1574 for parkinsonism, 1000 parkinsonism (reversible) caused by, 998, 1061 for personality disorders, 1052–1053 in pregnancy, 1060 for psychedelic abuse/overdose, 1084 for psychotic depression, 1058, 1065–1066 relative potency of, 1057t seizure threshold affected by, 1060 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Antipyretic drugs, 36 contraindications to in heat stroke, 1549 Antireflux surgery. See Fundoplication Antiretroviral therapy/HAART, 4, 1319, 1340–1349, 1341–1342t, 1348f. See also specific agent adherence and, 1, 1340, 1340–1342, 1347 antituberculous drug interactions and, 285, 1326, 1344 CMV disease control and, 187, 598, 1364, 1365, 1366 combinations/regimens for, 1340, 1342, 1343, 1347–1348, 1348f fixed-dose preparations and, 1343, 1347, 1348f drug holidays/structured treatment interruptions and, 1343, 1348 drug resistance and, 675–676, 1340, 1342, 1347, 1348–1349, 1348f gynecomastia and, 1178 for hepatitis B, 675–676, 1343 HIV transmission affected by, 1333, 1340 immune reconstitution disease and, 1333 corticosteroids in management of, 1339 Kaposi sarcoma flare and, 1331, 1332 Kaposi sarcoma flare and, 1331, 1332
index lipid abnormalities/lipodystrophy/ lipoatrophy and, 1036, 1160, 1332, 1343, 1344 myopathy caused by, 1036, 1328 neuropathy caused by, 1328, 1343 opportunistic infection/malignancies and, 1339 oral contraceptive drug interaction and, 770 postexposure, 4, 1336 after needle stick, 1335–1336 after sexual assault/rape, 1291 after sexual/drug use exposure, 1336 preexposure/prophylactic, 4, 1291 pregnancy/newborn and, 805, 1321, 1336 after rape/sexual assault, 1291 Anti-Rho (D) antibody in hemolytic disease of newborn, 785– 786 prenatal screening for, 783, 784, 786 Anti-ribonuclear protein (anti-RNP) antibody, 842 Anti-RNA polymerase III antibody, in scleroderma, 839 Anti-SCL-70 antibody, 833t Antisecretory agents. See Acidantisecretory agents Antiseizure therapy. See Anticonvulsant therapy Anti-signal recognition particle (antiSRP) antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Anti-SLA, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibody, in lupus/ SLE, 114, 833, 833t, 834t Anti-smooth muscle antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 Antisocial personality disorder, 1051, 1052t, 1053 Antispasmodic agents, for irritable bowel syndrome, 634–635 Anti-SRP antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Anti-SS-A/Ro antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Anti-SS-B/La antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers in postinfectious glomerulonephritis, 922 in rheumatic fever, 418 Antisynthetase syndrome, 841 Antithrombin, reference values for, 1727t Antithrombotic therapy, 554–563. See also Anticoagulation therapy; Antiplatelet therapy; Thrombolytic therapy for immobilized patient, 65 for myocardial infarction, 363, 371 PCI and, 357 Antithymocyte globulin for aplastic anemia, 509 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/ antithyroperoxidase) antibodies, 1105t
in hepatitis C, 1106 in hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1105t, 1110, 1113 thiourea treatment and, 1114 in hypothyroidism, 1105t, 1107 in thyroid nodules, 1123 in thyroiditis Hashimoto, 1117, 1119–1120, 1121, 1122 postpartum, 1120 Anti-TNF agents. See also specific agent adverse effects of, 640, 830 for ankylosing spondylitis, 855 antibodies to, 640 for gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444–1445 for inflammatory bowel disease, 640 Crohn disease, 642, 644–645 ulcerative colitis, 648 for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, 108, 856 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 in combination regimen, 830, 831 tuberculosis reactivation and, 640, 830, 1281 Antitoxin botulinus, 1034, 1431 diphtheria, 1434 Anti-Tr antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 994 a1-Antitrypsin/antiprotease in COPD/emphysema, 260, 261 replacement therapy and, 264 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 in protein-losing enteropathy, 631, 632 reference values for, 1727t Anti-tTG (transglutaminase/tissue transglutaminase) antibody, in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 622 Antituberculous drugs, 4, 283–287, 284t, 289t antiretroviral drug interactions and, 285, 1326, 1344 directly observed therapy (DOT) and, 284, 285, 286 drug-resistant disease and, 280, 281, 281t, 285, 286 tests in identification of, 281, 281t, 285 treatment of contacts and, 286 for extrapulmonary disease, 285 in fixed dose combinations, 285 hepatotoxicity of, 4 in HIV-negative persons, 284–285, 289t in HIV-positive persons, 4, 285, 1326 drug-resistant disease and, 280, 281, 281t, 1326 prophylactic, 4, 1334, 1337 in latent disease/chemoprophylactic, 280, 286–287 for meningitis, 1459–1460 monitoring therapy with, 286 during pregnancy/lactation, 285–286, 287, 805 for tuberculous pericarditis, 420 Anti-VEGF therapy. See also specific agent for age-related macular degeneration, 181 for breast cancer, 741
CMDT 2013
1753
for colorectal cancer, 1625 for diabetic retinopathy, 185, 1223 in lung cancer, 1600 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Antivenin for black widow spider bites, 1590 for scorpion stings, 1590 for snake bites, 1566t, 1590 Antiviral agents, 1353–1354t. See also specific agent or infection for ophthalmic disorders, 168–169t Anti-voltage-gated calcium channel antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 994 Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 995 Anti-Yo antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 994 Anti-Zic antibody, in autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 994 Antizol. See Fomepizole Anton syndrome, 991 Anus. See also under Anal carcinoma of, 1612t, 1629–1630 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1629 rectum protruding through (rectal prolapse), 657 Anxiety/anxiety disorders, 1040–1045, 1042t, 1043t anticipatory, 1041 chronic pain and, 1047 drugs for management of, 1042–1044, 1042t, 1043t generalized, 1041, 1042–1044, 1042t, 1043t hospitalization/illness and, 1089, 1090, 1091 hyperventilation/respiratory alkalosis and, 318, 896, 896–897 palpitations in, 31, 32 panic disorders and, 1041 personality disorder and, 1051 in pheochromocytoma, 1167 pre- and postsurgical, 1090, 1091 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Anxiolytic drugs. See also specific type Aorta. See also under Aortic atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 464–465 coarctation of. See Coarctation of aorta in Marfan syndrome, 428, 431, 1670, 1671 traumatic injury to, 428, 431 Aortic aneurysms abdominal, 472–474 screening for, 6, 7t, 473 smoking and, 6, 473 abdominal pain caused by, 472, 473 atherosclerosis and, 472, 473, 474 back pain caused by, 472, 474, 820 inflammatory, 472, 473 in Marfan syndrome, 428, 474, 1670, 1671 ruptured, 473, 474 smoking and, 6, 473 in syphilis, 474, 1471, 1471f thoracic, 474–475 giant cell arteritis and, 846, 847
1754
CMDT 2013
Aortic arch abnormalities of in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 aneurysm of, 475 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 narrowing of in coarctation of aorta, 326 Aortic dissection, 476–478 aortic regurgitation and, 345 chest pain/discomfort in, 29, 355, 477 hypertension and, 439, 477 management of, 461t, 477 in Marfan syndrome, 428, 1670, 1671 in pregnancy, 431 in Turner syndrome, 1187 Aortic regurgitation, 334–336t, 344–346 in Marfan syndrome, 345, 428, 1670 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 Aortic root dilation aortic regurgitation and, 345 aortic stenosis and, 342, 343 in Marfan syndrome, 1670, 1671 mitral valve prolapse and, 340 Aortic sclerosis, 333, 342 Aortic stenosis, 334–336t, 342–344 atherosclerosis and, 333, 342 calcific/degenerative, 333, 342, 343 interventions affecting murmur in, 337t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 syncope and, 342, 396 Aortic valve, in rheumatic fever/heart disease, 417 Aortic valve repair, 349 Aortic valve replacement, 343–344, 345, 349. See also Valve replacement Aortic valve rupture, 428 Aortitis, in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 Aortoenteric fistula, GI bleeding and, 581 Aorto-femoral bypass, for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 Aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464–465 Aorto-visceral bypass, for visceral ischemia, 471 APACHE system in pancreatitis, 712 prognosis at end of life and, 87 septic shock and, 489 Apallic state (persistent vegetative state), 1016 Apathetic hyperthyroidism, 1114, 1118 Apathy, in dementia, 1006, 1009 APC gene, 653, 655, 1622, 1623 screening for, 655, 1623 APECED. See Autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy Aphasia dementia and, 59 intracranial tumors casing, 989, 990 progressive nonfluent, 1008t stroke causing, 981 Aphonia, in conversion disorder, 1045 Aphthous ulcer, 227, 227f in Behçet syndrome, 853
index in Crohn disease, 641 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 API2-MALT1 gene translocation, in gastric lymphoma, 1619 Apical ballooning syndrome. See TakoTsubo (stress/catecholamineinduced) cardiomyopathy Apical impulse in aortic regurgitation, 345 in cardiomyopathy, 414 Apicitis, petrous, 204–205 Apidra. See Insulin glulisine Apixaban, for atrial fibrillation, 387 APL. See Acute promyelocytic leukemia Aplastic anemia, 508–509, 508t stem cell transplantation for, 509, 533, 539–540 thrombocytopenia in, 508, 538, 539–540 Aplastic crises in erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection, 1402, 1403 in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 in sickle cell disease, 503, 504 in thalassemia, 495 Apnea, sleep. See Sleep apnea Apnea test, 1015 Apneustic breathing, in coma or stupor, 1014 ApoE genotyping, in Alzheimer disease, 1007 APOL-1 gene, in chronic kidney disease, 439, 908 Apparent mineralocorticoid excess genetic mutation in, 437, 878t hypertension and, 437 Appearance, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Appendectomy, 631 carcinoid tumors and, 1621 during pregnancy, 807 ulcerative colitis risk and, 646 Appendiceal carcinoids, 1621 Appendicitis, 630–631 adenoviruses causing, 1402 amebic, 1503 in pregnancy, 630, 807 Appetite, genes affecting control of, 1259 Apprehension test for knee, 1697t, 1701 for shoulder, 1679t, 1681 Apraclonidine for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 170t, 177 overdose/toxicity of, 1577 Apraxia in dementia, 59, 1006 intracranial tumors causing, 991 Aprepitant, 569, 569t, 1660 Apresoline. See Hydralazine Apriso. See Mesalamine APS. See Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Aptivus/Norvir. See Tipranavir, with ritonavir aPTT. See Partial thromboplastin time Aqua glycolic, 98t Aquaphor, 94, 98t Aquaporin-4, in neuromyelitis optica, 1012
Aqueous tear deficiency, 166 Aquinil. See Hydrocortisone Ara-C. See Cytarabine Arachnodactyly, in Marfan syndrome, 1670 Aranesp. See Darbepoetin alfa Arbovirus encephalitides, 1378–1380 ARBs. See Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, 1419 Arch aneurysms, 475 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 Arcing (flash) burns, 1552 ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome Aredia. See Pamidronate AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study), 181 Arenaviruses, hemorrhagic fever caused by, 1384, 1385 Arg133Trp (PAX-4) mutation, in idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus, 1194 Argatroban, for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544, 544t Arginine/GHRH stimulation testing, 1095 Arginine vasopressin, in diabetes insipidus, 1098 Argyll Robertson pupils, in tabes dorsalis, 1472 Arimidex. See Anastrozole Aripiprazole, 1055, 1056t, 1057t, 1058 for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 for depression, 1058, 1069 overdose/toxicity of, 1057t, 1058, 1060t, 1574 Arm edema, in breast cancer/ postmastectomy, 727, 744 Armadillos, in leprosy testing, 1460 Armour thyroid, for hypothyroidism, 1108 Arnold-Chiari malformation cough headache and, 966 syringomyelia and, 1018, 1019 Aromasin. See Exemestane Aromatase inhibitors/inactivators, 1656t adverse effects of, 740, 1656t for breast cancer treatment/prevention, 723, 738, 739, 740 in male, 746 in neoadjuvant therapy, 738 for endometriosis, 761 for gynecomastia, 1179 Arousal (excitement) stage of sexual activity, 1049 disorders related to, 1049–1050, 1050– 1051. See also Sexual dysfunction in female, 766, 767, 1714 Arrhythmias, 376–393. See also specific type and Electrocardiogram in angina, 352 antidepressants causing, 1068, 1564, 1591, 1591f in atrial septal defect, 328 in cardiomyopathy, 411, 414 in COPD, 261, 264 in cor pulmonale, 426
index in electrical injury, 1553 in heart failure, 400, 405 in hypocalcemia, 882 in hypothermia, 1544, 1544f in infectious myocarditis, 409, 410 myocardial infarction and, 365, 372–373 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/ treatment and, 371, 372–373, 376 palpitations and, 30–32, 32t in pheochromocytoma, 1167, 1169 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564, 1564t. See also specific agent with antiarrhythmic drugs, 1564, 1588 with antidepressants, 1068, 1564, 1591, 1591f with antipsychotic drugs, 1059, 1574 with digitalis glycosides, 404, 1564 with phenothiazines, 1574 with solvents, 1583, 1588 with theophylline, 1591 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 46, 49 seizures differentiated from cerebral hypoperfusion caused by, 971 sinus, 380–381 in sleep apnea, 319 syncope caused by, 396, 397 in tetralogy of Fallot, 332 treatment of catheter ablation for, 380 pharmacologic, 377, 378–379t. See also Antiarrhythmic drugs in valvular heart disease, 334t ARS. See Acute radiation syndrome Arsenic poisoning, 1566t, 1574–1575 Arsenic trioxide, 1574, 1655t toxicity of, 1575, 1655t Arsenical melanosis, 155, 1574 ART. See Antiretroviral therapy/HAART; Assisted reproductive technologies Artane. See Trihexyphenidyl Artemether for malaria, 1492t, 1494t, 1496–1497 with lumefantrine (Coartem/ Riamet), 1492t, 1493t, 1494t, 1496, 1497 for schistosomiasis, 1512 Artemisinins (qinghaosu)/artemisinin derivatives/combinations, 1492, 1492t, 1493, 1493t, 1496–1497 self-treatment and, 1498 teratogenicity of, 1497 Arterial aneurysms. See specific type and Aneurysms Arterial blood gases in acid-base disorders, 888–889 in asthma/asthma exacerbation, 246, 247t in COPD, 260t, 261 in cystic fibrosis, 267 in dyspnea, 25 home oxygen therapy and, 262, 262t in near drowning, 1556 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1534
preoperative, 51 in pulmonary embolism, 298 in respiratory failure, 319–320 ventilatory control and, 317 Arterial embolism. See Embolism; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis Arterial graft/prosthesis. See Bypass grafting Arterial lines in burn care, 1550 health care-associated infection and, 1284 in shock management, 486 Arterial occlusion acute, 468–469. See also Arterial thrombosis atherosclerotic, 464–471. See also Atherosclerosis peripheral artery aneurysms and, 476 Arterial thrombosis. See also Thrombosis acute occlusion of limb caused by, 468 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 835 in homocystinuria and, 1669 Arteriography. See specific type and Angiography Arteriolar dilators. See also Vasodilator therapy for hypertension, 453, 456t Arteriopathy, plexogenic pulmonary (idiopathic/primary pulmonary hypertension), 304, 423, 424, 425 Arteriovenous fistulae, spinal dural, 989 Arteriovenous malformations gastrointestinal (angioectasias), bleeding from, 581, 584, 586, 587 in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671, 1672 intracranial, 980t, 987–988. See also Stroke aneurysms and, 985, 987 intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage and, 984, 985, 987 pulmonary, 1671, 1672 spinal cord, 990 Arteriovenous sheathotomy, for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Arteritis. See also Polyarteritis coronary artery, 428 in Kawasaki disease, 428, 1417 giant cell. See Giant cell (temporal/ cranial) arteritis glomerulonephritis in, 919t in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease), 472 Artesunate, 1492t, 1493, 1494t, 1496–1497 with amodiaquine (ASAQ), 1493t, 1494t, 1495, 1496 with mefloquine, 1493t, 1495, 1496 for severe malaria, 1493, 1494t, 1497 with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, 1493t, 1496 Arthritis/arthralgia in alkaptonuria, 1665 in ankylosing spondylitis, 855, 857
CMDT 2013
1755
arthroplasty/joint replacement for, 812, 1690, 1691–1692, 1702 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t osteomyelitis and, 862 back pain caused by, 819 in Behçet syndrome, 853 bursitis differentiated from, 825 cancer-associated, 864 in Chikungunya fever, 1392, 1393 chondroitin/glucosamine for, 812, 1702 in coccidioidomycosis, 863, 1532 in Crohn disease, 641, 858 crystal deposition, 812–817, 813f, 813t, 815t degenerative, 809–812, 811f. See also Osteoarthritis diagnosis and evaluation of, 809, 810t, 811t in erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection, 861, 1402 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828, 861 exercise/activity in management of, 12–13, 811 extra-articular manifestations and, 809 glucosamine/chondroitin for, 812, 1702 gonococcal, 860, 1302t, 1452 gouty. See Gout/gouty arthritis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 in hemophilia, 549–550, 550 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 923 in hepatitis, 861 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828, 861 of hip, 1691–1692 in HIV infection/AIDS, 861, 1328 infectious, 858–861 in drug users, 859, 1292 inflammatory intestinal diseases and, 641, 858 joint involvement pattern and, 809, 810t leukemic, 864 Lyme, 1479, 1482, 1482t rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 mutilans, 856 neck pain caused by, 818, 1029, 1686 nongonococcal bacterial (septic), 858–859, 1302t in drug users, 859, 1292 rheumatoid arthritis and, 827, 859 pneumococcal, 1423 pseudoseptic, 859 psoriatic, 106, 856–857 reactive. See Reactive arthritis in rheumatic fever, 418 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 rheumatoid. See Rheumatoid arthritis rubella/rubella vaccination and, 861, 1374, 1375 in sarcoidosis, 864 septic. See Arthritis/arthralgia, nongonococcal bacterial
1756
CMDT 2013
Arthritis/arthralgia (Cont.): in SLE, 833 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 in Still disease, 831 streptococcal, 1421 surgery for, 812, 1690, 1691–1692, 1702 tophaceous, 812, 813, 813f, 816 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 814 tuberculous, 864 in ulcerative colitis, 858 viral, 861 in Whipple disease, 623, 858 Arthrocentesis, 809, 810t, 811t, 1674. See also Synovial fluid examination Arthropathy, neurogenic. See Neurogenic arthropathy Arthroplasty. See Joints, replacement of Arthropods in encephalitis, 1378–1380 skin lesions caused by, 148–150. See also specific cause Arthroscopy for ACL repair, 1698 for meniscal injury, 1700 in osteoarthritis, 812, 1702 Artificial insemination, 769 Artificial nutrition. See Nutritional support Artificial sweeteners, for diabetics, 1205 Artificial tears, for dry eye, 166, 843 Aryepiglottic folds, cancer of, 236, 237 Arytenoid cartilage, contact ulcers/ granulomas of, 235 Arzerra. See Ofatumumab 5-ASA. See 5-Aminosalicylic acid Asacol. See Mesalamine ASAQ (artesunate-amodiaquine), 1493t, 1494t, 1495, 1496 Asbestosis (asbestos exposure), 309, 309t lung cancer and, 309, 311, 1595, 1602 mesothelioma and, 311, 591, 1602 pleural effusion and, 311 smoking and, 309, 311 ASC-US. See Atypical squamous cells of unknown significance ASCA. See Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis), 1517 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and, 296, 1517 Ascites, 587–589, 587t. See also specific causative disorder bile, 591 chylous, 588, 591, 1645 in cirrhosis, 686, 687–689, 692t in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in heart failure, 699 malignant, 588, 590–591, 1645, 1646 neutrocytic, 588, 589, 590 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 pancreatic, 588, 591, 711, 713, 717 perioperative complications and, 52 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and, 588, 589–590, 689 Ascites albumin gradient, serum (SAAG). See Serum-ascites albumin gradient
index Ascitic fluid analysis/examination, 588. See also Paracentesis in ascites, 588 in bacterial peritonitis, 588, 589, 590, 689 in bile ascites, 591 in chylous ascites, 588, 591 in cirrhosis, 588, 687–688 culture/Gram stain, 588, 589 in malignant ascites, 590 in mesothelioma, 591 in pancreatic ascites, 588, 591, 711, 713 in peritoneal carcinomatosis, 588, 590 in tuberculous peritonitis, 588 Ascorbic acid. See Vitamin C ASD. See Atrial septal defect Asenapine, 1056t, 1058, 1060t Asendin. See Amoxapine Aseptic meningitis, 1286, 1286t. See also Meningitis coxsackieviruses causing, 1286, 1406 echoviruses causing, 1286, 1407 herpes simplex causing, 1286, 1351, 1352, 1355 leptospiral, 1286, 1478 in Lyme disease, 1023, 1286, 1479, 1481 mumps/mumps vaccine and, 1286, 1370, 1371 in syphilis, 1286, 1469, 1472 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 Ash leaf spots (hypopigmentation), in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Asherman syndrome, 1181 ASO titers. See Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers Asparaginase, 1655t Aspartame, for diabetics, 1205 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 664, 664t. See also Aminotransferase levels in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 in alcoholic liver disease, 681 in cirrhosis, 686 in hemochromatosis, 695 in liver disease/jaundice, 664, 664t in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684, 685 reference/normal values for, 664t, 1727t in viral hepatitis, 666 Aspergilloma, 1537, 1538 Aspergillus/Aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillosis), 1537–1538 allergic bronchopulmonary, 266–267, 1537, 1538 chronic necrotizing, 1537, 1538 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 213, 1537 invasive, 217, 1537, 1538, 1542 opportunistic mold infection differentiated from, 1540–1541 prevention of, 1537 sinusitis and, 217, 1537, 1538 Asphyxia aspiration of inert material causing, 308 in severe asthma exacerbation, 256 Aspiration, 307–308 caustic esophageal injury and, 599
in drowning/near drowning, 1556 enteral nutritional support and, 1273 of food (café coronary), 308 foreign body, 238–239 retention of, 308 of gastric contents acute (Mendelson syndrome), 308, 1283 chronic, 308 in comatose patient, 1562 in pneumonia. See Pneumonia, aspiration of inert material, 308 of toxic material, 308 petroleum distillates, 308, 1587–1588 Aspirin, 76, 77t. See also Antiplatelet therapy; Salicylates for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t in analgesic nephropathy, 932–933 for angina, 356 for atrial fibrillation, 386 bleeding caused by, 76, 583, 612, 616 breastfeeding and, 782t after cardiac valve replacement surgery, 349 for chemoprevention, 7t, 11 atherosclerosis/cardiovascular/heart disease prevention and, 7t, 11, 1253 in diabetics, 1203, 1227 in women, 1707 in colorectal cancer, 1623 with codeine, 83t COX-1/COX-2 affected by, 611 coxib/NSAID coadministration and, 612, 616 for essential thrombocytosis, 513, 514 for fever, 36 GI/diverticular bleeding associated with, 76, 583, 612, 616 iron deficiency and, 491 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 371, 376 after thrombolytic therapy, 369 nasal polyps and asthma as contraindication to, 222 overdose/toxicity of, 76, 1588–1589 for pain management, 76, 77t in peptic ulcer disease, 611, 612, 615, 616. See also Peptic ulcer disease, NSAID-induced for pericarditis, 420 platelet function affected by, 549, 549t for polycythemia, 512–513 reference values for, 1734t Reye syndrome and, 76, 1359, 1360, 1395 for rheumatic fever, 418 for stroke/stroke prevention, 7t, 11, 982 for transient ischemic attacks, 979 for transient monocular blindness, 184 uricosuric drugs and, 815 Asplenia fever management and, 36 immunization recommendations in, 1309t Assist-control (A-C) ventilation, for respiratory failure, 321
index Assisted reproductive technologies, 769, 956 Assistive devices fall prevention and, 66 hearing rehabilitation and, 199 stroke rehabilitation and, 983 AST. See Aspartate aminotransferase Astemizole, antidepressant drug interactions and, 1068, 1071t Astereognosis, intracranial tumors causing, 991 Asthma, 243–259 allergic, 243, 248 desensitization therapy/ immunotherapy for, 249f, 252t, 253 allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/ aspergillosis and, 266, 1537 aspirin triggering (triad asthma), 222, 243 b-adrenergic agents for long-acting, 249f, 250–252, 251t, 253 short-acting, 244f, 245t, 249f, 254t, 255, 256, 257f, 258f, 259 bronchial provocation testing in, 246–247 cardiac, 243 catamenial, 243 classification/diagnosis of, 243–248, 244f, 245t, 246t, 247t, 248–250, 249f comorbid conditions and, 248, 249f complications of, 248 controller medications for, 249f, 250 COPD differentiated from, 248, 261 cough and, 21, 22, 22t, 244 differential diagnosis of, 248 drugs causing, 243, 312t dyspnea in, 24, 246t estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183 exacerbations of classification of severity of, 243–248, 244f, 245t, 246t, 247t, 248 treatment of, 244f, 245t, 246t, 253–256, 254–255t, 256–259, 257f, 258f exercise-induced, 243, 247 GERD and, 594, 596 hypophosphatemia and, 885 incidence/prevalence of, 243 mediator inhibitors for, 250, 251t NAEPP 3 diagnosis/management guidelines for, 244f, 245t, 246t, 248–250, 249f occupational, 243, 310 perioperative pulmonary complications and, 50, 51 during pregnancy, 803 pulmonary function testing in, 244f, 245t, 246–247, 246t, 247t, 256, 257 reliever medications for, 249–250, 249f, 253–256, 254–255t severity/control of, assessing/ monitoring, 243–248, 244f, 245t, 246t, 247t, 248 treatment of, 244f, 245t, 246t, 248–250, 249f, 250–256, 251–252t, 253t, 254–255t
desensitization/immunotherapy in, 249f, 252t, 253 for exacerbations, 244f, 245t, 246t, 253–256, 254–255t, 256–259, 257f, 258f inhalation therapy, 250, 253t, 254t, 255, 256, 257f long-term control medications for, 249f, 250, 250–253, 251–252t, 253t NAEPP 3 guidelines for, 244f, 245t, 246t, 248–250, 249f pharmacologic, 244f, 245t, 248–250, 249f, 250–256, 251–252t, 253t, 254–255t, 256–259, 257f, 258f in pregnant patient, 803 quick relief medications for, 249– 250, 249f, 253–256, 254–255t stepwise approach to, 244f, 245t, 249f triad, 222 vaccinations for patients with, 253 vocal fold disorders differentiated from, 242, 248 Asthma action plan, 248, 256 Astigmatism, 162 Astrocytoma, 990t, 1611t Astroviruses, diarrhea/gastroenteritis caused by, 1293, 1404–1405 Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, 414 At-risk (problem) drinking, 18, 1080. See also Alcohol use/dependency/ abuse differential diagnosis of, 1081 treatment of, 1081–1082 Atabrine. See Quinacrine Atacand/Atacand HCT. See Candesartan Atactic breathing, in coma or stupor, 1014 Ataxia in acute high-altitude cerebral edema, 1559 fragile-X tremor-ataxia syndrome and, 1667 Friedreich, 1022 intracranial tumors causing, 991 in varicella, 1359 Ataxia-telangiectasia mutation breast cancer risk and, 722 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Atazanavir, 1342t, 1344, 1345, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with ritonavir, 1345, 1347 Atelectasis in bronchial obstruction, 243 mechanical ventilation and, 321 pleural effusion and, 313 in right middle lobe syndrome, 291 Atenolol, 447t for alcohol withdrawal, 1083 for hypertension, 447t, 449 in diabetics, 1202 for Marfan syndrome, 1671 perioperative, 47 ATF ligament. See Anterior talofibular ligament ATG. See Antithymocyte globulin Atherogenesis. See also Atherosclerosis
CMDT 2013
1757
Atherosclerosis, 464–471. See also specific artery affected and Cardiovascular disorders; Vascular disorders acute limb occlusion and, 468–469 aneurysms and, 472, 473, 474 aortic valvular disease and, 333 aortoiliac disease and, 464–465 cerebrovascular occlusive disease and, 469–470. See also Stroke cholesterol/lipoproteins in, 350, 1245–1246, 1246 screening tests and, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 coronary artery disease and. See Coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus, 1227–1228 femoral/popliteal disease and, 465–466 homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668–1669 hypertension and, 439 lipid-lowering therapy and, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t. See also Lipid-lowering therapy in women, 1706–1707 lower leg/foot disease and, 466–468 myocardial infarction and, 365 renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension and, 437, 917 in SLE, 835 transient ischemic attacks and, 977, 978 visceral artery insufficiency and, 470–471 Atherosclerotic plaques. See Atherosclerosis Athletes cardiovascular screening of, 431–432 female, eating disorders in (female athlete triad), 1712–1713 heat exposure syndromes and, 1547, 1548 sports medicine injuries and, 1673–1705 sudden death of, 431–432 cardiomyopathy causing, 414, 431, 432 Athlete’s foot, 111f, 112–113, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 Ativan. See Lorazepam ATL. See Adult T cell lymphoma/ leukemia Atlantoaxial subluxation, neck pain caused by, 818, 1029 ATM mutations, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 ATN1 gene, in dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy, 1002 Atonic seizures (epileptic drop attacks), 970. See also Seizures Atopic dermatitis, 103–105, 866 herpes simplex infection (eczema herpeticum) and, 104, 1351, 1356t photosensitivity and, 152 smallpox vaccination (eczema vaccinatum) and, 104, 1403, 1404 vesiculobullous hand (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113
1758
CMDT 2013
Atopic disease (atopy), 866, 866–867. See also specific disorder and Allergies/allergic reactions allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/ aspergillosis and, 266, 1537, 1538 asthma and, 243 COPD and, 260 eosinophilic esophagitis and, 600 eye disease and, 166–167 Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, 167 Atopic-like dermatitis, 103 Atorvastatin, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs with amlodipine, 454t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 Atovaquone for malaria, with proguanil (Malarone), 1492t, 1494t, 1497 chemoprophylaxis and, 1497, 1498, 1498t self-treatment and, 1498 for P jiroveci infection, 1337t, 1338t, 1534, 1535 ATP1A2 gene, in familial hemiplegic migraine, 963 ATP7B in Wilson disease, 696, 697 ATRA. See Tretinoin Atrial fibrillation, 384–388, 385t arterial emboli and, 384–385, 385t anticoagulation in prevention/ management of, 385t, 386– 387, 388 limb occlusion and, 468 retinal artery occlusion and, 183 stroke and, 385, 385t, 386–387, 469, 982 transient ischemic attacks and, 385t, 469, 977, 978–979 in atrial septal defect, 328 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 414 catheter ablation of, 380, 388 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in COPD, 261 in hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis, 384, 1112, 1114, 1118 in mitral regurgitation, 339 in mitral stenosis, 338 in myocardial infarction, 372 palpitations and, 31 in preexcitation syndromes, 383, 384 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 49 recurrent paroxysmal, 388 refractory, 388 treatment of, 378–379t, 385–388 Atrial flutter, 389 in COPD, 261, 264, 389 reentry/preexcitation and, 383, 384, 389 Atrial gallop. See Heart sounds Atrial myxoma, 426–427 fever/FUO and, 1277 herpes simplex virus and, 1352 Atrial natriuretic peptide, in senile amyloidosis, 531 Atrial (supraventricular) premature beats (atrial extrasystoles), 381 in myocardial infarction, 372 Atrial septal aneurysm, 328 Atrial septal defect, 327–329
index Atrial septal lipoma, 427 Atrial tachycardia, multifocal, 389 Atrioventricular (heart) block, 373, 394–395 in atrial septal defect, 328 intraventricular conduction defects and, 395–396 lithium use and, 1073 in Lyme disease, 1479, 1481–1482, 1482t in myocardial infarction, 373 palpitations in, 31 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t with antidepressants, 1068, 1591 Atrioventricular canal defect, 329 Atrioventricular dissociation, 395 Atrioventricular junctional rhythm, 390 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), 381 palpitations in, 31 Atrioventricular pathways, accessory, supraventricular tachycardia caused by, 381, 383–384 Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), 381, 383 Atripla. See Efavirenz, with tenofovir and emtricitabine Atrophic age-related macular degeneration, 181 Atrophic gastritis H pylori infection and, 610 in pernicious anemia, 497, 610 Atrophic urethritis, urinary incontinence and, 67 Atrophic vaginitis in menopause, 779, 780 urinary incontinence and, 67 Atrophie blanche, 34 Atropine breastfeeding and, 782t for cholinesterase inhibitor (anticholinesterase) poisoning, 1566t, 1587 with diphenoxylate. See Diphenoxylate with atropine for infarct-related heart block, 373 overdose/toxicity of, 1566t, 1575 in terminally ill/dying patient, 91 Atypical absence seizures, 970, 970t Atypical antidepressants, 1067–1068. See also Antidepressants Atypical antipsychotics, 1055, 1056, 1056–1058, 1058, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 for dementia/dementia-associated behavior problems, 61–62, 1009, 1089 for depression, 1058, 1069 in elderly, 1058 for Huntington disease, 1002 overdose/toxicity/side effects of, 1056– 1058, 1057t, 1059–1061, 1060t for parkinsonism, 1000 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Atypical facial pain, 967–968 Atypical measles, 1356t, 1367–1368 Atypical mycobacteria. See Nontuberculous atypical mycobacteria Atypical nevi/mole, 100–101, 100f
Atypical psychoses, 1054 Atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASC-US), 754t, 755 Audiology, 198–199 Audiovestibular disorders, 208, 209t, 210t, 212–213. See also Vestibular disorders autoimmune pattern of, 208, 210t AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), 18, 19t Auditory adaptation, 212 Auditory canal. See Ear canal Auditory hallucinations. See also Hallucinations intracranial tumors causing, 991 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Auer rods, in acute leukemia, 520 Augmentation mammoplasty. See Breast implants Augmentin. See Amoxicillin/amoxicillinclavulanate Aura migraine headache, 964 pre-seizure, 971 Auricle, 199 Austin Flint murmur, 345 Austrian triad, 1423 Autism, vaccines and, 1369 Autoimmune cholangitis, 693 Autoimmune disorders, 826–844. See also specific disease cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t common variable immunodeficiency and, 868 diabetes and, 1192, 1193 fever/FUO and, 1276, 1277 hearing loss in, 208, 210t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 myocarditis, 409, 409t, 410 silicone gel breast implants and, 721 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506–507 with thrombocytopenia (Evans syndrome), 506 Autoimmune hepatitis, 678–680 Autoimmune (immunopathologic) hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1243 Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, 1135 Autoimmune neutropenia, 510 Autoimmune pancreatitis, 715 Autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, 994 Autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, 1135, 1155. See also Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Autoimmune regulatory gene, in type 1 diabetes, 1193 Autoimmune retinal vasculitis, 178. See also Uveitis Autoimmune thyroiditis. See Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic/ autoimmune) thyroiditis; Transient autoimmune thyroiditis Autoinflation, for eustachian tube dysfunction/barotrauma, 201, 202
index Autologous packed red blood cells, transfusion of, 534. See also Transfusion Autologous serum eye drops, 166 Autologous stem cell transplantation, 532. See also Bone marrow/ stem cell transplantation Autologous tissue flaps, for breast reconstruction, 745 Automatism, postepileptic, 970 focal seizures and, 969 Automobile accidents cardiac trauma and, 428 prevention of injury caused by, 17 Automobile driving by patients with dementia, 62, 1010 by patients with syncope/ventricular tachycardia/aborted sudden death, 397–398 by suicidal patients, 1065 Autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia), 975–976 in diabetes, 1022, 1226–1227 in focal seizures, 969 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 975, 1024 in polyneuropathies, 975, 976, 1021 prenatal screening for, 783 Autonomic failure, pure, 975 Autonomic neuropathy cancer-related, 1024 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in diabetes, 1022, 1226–1227 hypoglycemia and, 1222 dysautonomia and, 975, 976, 1021 in porphyria, 1022, 1664 Autonomic testing in dysautonomia, 976 in syncope, 397 Autophony, patulous eustachian tube and, 202 Autopsy, 93 Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria (ADHH), 1136, 1137 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 934–935, 934t intracranial aneurysms and, 935, 986 Autosomal recessive syndromes, diabetes mellitus in, 1195–1196 AV block. See Atrioventricular (heart) block AV dissociation, 395 AV junctional rhythm, 390 AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), 381 palpitations in, 31 AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), 381, 383 Avalide. See Irbesartan/irbesartan with hydrochlorothiazide Avandamet. See Rosiglitazone, with metformin Avandaryl. See Rosiglitazone, with glimepiride Avandia. See Rosiglitazone Avapro. See Irbesartan Avascular necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis), 865 corticosteroid use and, 865, 1190–1191 dysbaric, 865
of jaw, bisphosphonate use and, 11, 738, 865, 1147 in sickle cell anemia, 503, 865 Avastin. See Bevacizumab Aveeno, 98t Aveeno Anti-Itch lotion. See Pramoxine Avelox. See Moxifloxacin Aventis. See Insulin glargine Aventyl. See Nortriptyline Aversive conditioning. See Behavior modification Avian influenza (H5N1), 1395, 1396, 1397–1398. See also Influenza Avinza. See Morphine Avita. See Tretinoin AVM. See Arteriovenous malformations AVNRT (AV nodal reentry tachycardia), 381 palpitations in, 31 Avoidance therapy for allergic contact dermatitis, 124–125 for allergic rhinitis, 219 for rosacea, 128 Avoidant personality disorder, 1051, 1052t AVR. See Aortic valve replacement AVRT (AV reentrant tachycardia), 381, 383 Axilla, radial nerve lesions in, 1027 Axillary lymph nodes, in breast cancer, 726, 727 adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy and, 736, 738–739 dissection of, 735, 735f arm edema and, 744 in breast-conserving therapy, 735 irradiation of, 736, 739 palpation for evaluation of, 726, 726f, 727 prognosis and, 736, 736t, 743, 743t recurrence and, 744 sentinel node biopsy and, 735, 735f arm edema avoidance and, 744 Axillary vessels, compression of in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes, 818 Axillo-femoral bypass, for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 Axiron, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Axonal injury, diffuse, 1017t Axonal neuropathies, 1020, 1024–1025. See also specific type and Guillain-Barré syndrome; Neuropathies in critically ill patient, 1024 myeloma/paraproteinemias and, 1023 toxic, 1024 Aygestin. See Norethindrone Azacitidine, 1651t for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 Azactam. See Aztreonam Azarcon, toxicity of, 1578t Azarga. See Brinzolamide/timolol Azathioprine for autoimmune hepatitis, 679–680 for granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 850 for inflammatory bowel disease, 639
CMDT 2013
1759
Crohn disease, 644 with anti-TNF agents, 645 ulcerative colitis, 649 for microscopic polyangiitis, 851 for pemphigus, 139 Azelastine for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 Azidothymidine. See Zidovudine Azithromycin. See also Macrolides for endocarditis, 1438t for MAC prophylaxis/treatment, 1337, 1458, 1459 for malaria, 1497 for pharyngitis, 229, 1420 for pneumonia, 273, 273t for syphilis, 1467 Azo compounds, for inflammatory bowel disease, 638–639 Azoospermia, 954f, 955 artificial insemination for infertility caused by, 769, 956 in cystic fibrosis, 267 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174 Azopt. See Brinzolamide Azor (olmesartan with amlodipine). See Olmesartan/olmesartan HCTZ, with amlodipine Azotemia, 898, 902t. See also Kidney disease/injury heart failure and, 400 in hepatorenal syndrome, 689 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 hyperparathyroidism associated with, 1143–1144 in obstructive uropathy, 932 pancreatitis and, 713 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t postrenal, 902t, 903 prerenal, 902–903, 902t, 904 AZT. See Zidovudine Aztreonam, for pneumonia, 273t, 277t B19 parvovirus infection. See Erythrovirus (parvovirus B19) infection B antigen, in compatibility testing, 534 B cell lymphoma, 524, 524t, 525. See also Non-Hodgkin lymphoma gastric, 1618–1619 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1338t methotrexate causing, 829 small intestine, 1620 stem cell transplantation for, 532 of thyroid, 1128, 1131, 1134 B cells, pancreatic, 1171 in diabetes mellitus, 1193, 1193t, 1194 latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood, 1193 hypoglycemia caused by tumors of, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t. See also Insulinomas; Islet cell tumors B lymphocytes clonal malignancy of (chronic lymphocytic leukemia), 521–523
1760
CMDT 2013
B lymphocytes (Cont.): in common variable immunodeficiency, 869 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529, 530 B-raf/BRAF gene/mutations clinical relevance of testing for, 1726t colorectal cancer/HNPCC and, 653, 656, 657, 1622, 1625 papillary thyroid carcinoma and, 1126 “B” symptoms, 525 B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP/beta) in aortic regurgitation, 345 in aortic stenosis, 343, 344 in cardiomyopathy of pregnancy, 429 in cor pulmonale, 426 in dyspnea, 25 heart failure and, 400 in mitral regurgitation, 339 recombinant. See Nesiritide reference values for, 1728t Babesia divergens/microti (babesiosis), 1499–1500, 1500f anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis and, 1415, 1499 Lyme disease coinfection and, 1481, 1499 Bacillary angiomatosis, 1323, 1331, 1453–1454, 1454 Bacillary dysentery (shigella dysentery/ gastroenteritis), 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1447 Bacillus, 1300t anthracis, 1300t, 1431. See also Anthrax cereus, diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), for bladder cancer, 1639 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, 287 tuberculin skin test affected by, 282, 287 tuberculosis blood tests/interferon gamma release assays and, 4, 282–283 Bacitracin, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Back manipulation, 818, 1684 Back pain, 818–821, 820t, 821t, 1683–1685, 1684t in alkaptonuria, 1665 in ankylosing spondylitis, 820, 855 in aortic aneurysm, 472, 474, 820 in aortic dissection, 477 diagnosis/evaluation of, 819–821, 820t, 821t, 1683–1684, 1684t disk-related, 819, 819–820, 820t, 1685– 1686 epidural/subdural hemorrhage causing, 989 management of, 821, 1684 in osteoporosis, 1145 in prostatitis, 942, 943 spinal cord lesions/tumors/ compression causing, 819, 993, 1644, 1683, 1684 in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, 989
index spinal stenosis causing, 822, 1685 spinal tuberculosis causing, 863 vertebral fractures causing, 819, 1683 Background retinopathy, 185, 1223 Baclofen, for spasticity, 1012 Bacteremia. See also Sepsis/septic shock anaerobic, 1456 campylobacter causing, 1449 endocarditis and, 1435 gram-negative, 1443–1445 health care-associated, 1284, 1285 in listeriosis, 1434 in Lyme disease, 1479 in neutropenic patient, 510, 1281 osteomyelitis from, 861–862 salmonella, 1296, 1300t, 1445, 1446 staphylococcal, 1427 in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, 1421 transfusion of contaminated blood causing, 535 vibrios causing, 1300t, 1448–1449 Bacterial infections, 1419–1461. See also specific type actinomycosis, 1456–1457 anaerobic, 1454–1456, 1455t, 1456f conjunctivitis, 165–166 diarrhea in, 574t, 575. See also Diarrhea, infectious drugs for. See Antibiotics; Antimicrobial therapy endocarditis, 1302t, 1435–1439 gram-negative, 1299t, 1299–1300t, 1440–1456 gram-positive, 1299t, 1300t, 1419–1435 keratitis, 172 after measles, 1368, 1369 meningitis, 1285, 1286–1287, 1286t, 1288, 1302t mycobacterial, 1458–1461 myocarditis in, 409t nocardiosis, 1457 pericarditis, 419, 420 peritonitis, 589–590, 689 rhinosinusitis (sinusitis), 214–217, 216t, 1303t shock and. See Sepsis/septic shock vaginosis, 751–752, 752f, 753 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 1291 Bacterial overgrowth, 624–625 diarrhea and, 579f, 580, 624 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633 tests for, 580, 625 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 497, 624, 625 Bacterial synergistic gangrene, 1456 Bacteriuria catheter-associated, 1284 in cystitis, 939 during pregnancy, 804 Bacteroides fragilis, 1455 gastrointestinal strains of, 1299t melaninogenicus. See Prevotella, melaninogenica Bactrim. See Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Bactroban. See Mupirocin Baden-Walker system, 762
Bagassosis, 310t Baker (popliteal) cyst, 825, 826, 1692 BAL. See Dimercaprol Balamuthia mandrillaris, 1287, 1505, 1506 Balance. See Dysequilibrium; Falls; Vestibular disorders Balanitis candidal, 132 in chancroid, 1453 in reactive arthritis, 857, 857f Balanoposthitis, in diabetes, 1197 Balantidium coli (balantidiasis), 1510 Baldness, 156–157. See also Alopecia androgenetic, 156 in women, 156, 1719–1720 Balint syndrome, 991 Balkan nephropathy, ureteral/renal pelvis cancer and, 1640 Balloon angioplasty, coronary. See Angioplasty, coronary; Percutaneous coronary intervention Balloon tube tamponade, for esophageal varices, 603 Balloon valvuloplasty. See Valvuloplasty Balsalazide, for inflammatory bowel disease, 638 ulcerative colitis, 647–648 Bamboo spine, 855 Band keratopathy, in hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 1139 Banding, gastric, for obesity, 14, 1261 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Banding (band/variceal ligation) for esophageal varices, 582, 602, 602–603 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604 prevention of rebleeding and, 603 for hemorrhoids, 658 Bankart lesion, 1681 Barakat syndrome, 1136 Barbiturates. See Opioids/opioid analgesics; Sedativehypnotics Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, 1604 BARD score, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 685 Bariatric surgery, for obesity, 14, 1261 hypoglycemia after, 1242 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Baritosis, 309t Barium enema in cancer screening and evaluation/ polyp identification, 653, 1624, 1628 in diverticular disease, 651 Barium esophagography, 592–593 in achalasia, 605 in esophageal cancer, 1613 in esophageal webs and rings, 600 in GERD, 594 in motility disorders, 606 Barium upper gastrointestinal series. See Upper gastrointestinal series Baroreceptors, in volume overload, 877
index Barotrauma, 202–203, 205 dysbarism/decompression sickness and, 202, 1557 mechanical ventilation and, 321 Barrett esophagus, 594–595 esophageal carcinoma and, 595 Bartholin duct cyst/abscess, 753–754, 754f Bartonella henselae/quintana (bartonellosis), 1453–1454 bacillary angiomatosis caused by, 1331, 1453–1454, 1454 endocarditis caused by, 1436, 1454 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1323, 1331, 1454 prevention and, 1335 Bart’s hemoglobin, 495 Bartter syndrome, 878t Basal body temperature charting, in contraception, 775 symptothermal natural family planning and, 775 Basal cell carcinoma of skin, 142, 142f eyelid involvement and, 164 of vulva, 760 Basal energy expenditure (BEE) exercise and, 1260 nutritional support and, 1271 Basedow disease, 1110–1111. See also Graves disease; Hyperthyroidism Basic life support, in near drowning, 1556 Basilar artery migraine, 963 Basilar artery occlusion, stroke caused by, 981 Basilar meningitis, in syphilis, 1469, 1472 Basilar skull fracture, 1016 vertigo caused by, 211 Basophil count, 1727t “Bath salts,” 1572 Bathing atopic dermatitis and, 103 in dermatologic therapy, 94 preoperative, surgical site infections and, 56 Bats hemorrhagic fevers and, 1384 histoplasmosis and, 1531 rabies and, 1376 Battered elderly, 17 Battered woman, 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of abuse and, 17, 1712 Batteries (disk/button), ingested, alkali injuries caused by, 1572 Battle sign, 1016 Baylisascaris procyonis, visceral larva migrans caused by, 1523 Bayou virus, 1388 BCG, for bladder cancer, 1639 BCG vaccine, 287 tuberculin skin test affected by, 282, 287 tuberculosis blood tests/interferon gamma release assays and, 4, 282–283 bcl-2 expression, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 524 BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) staging system, 1604 bcr/abl fusion gene, 515
in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 521 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 515, 516 reference values for, 1727t BEACOPP regimen, for Hodgkin lymphoma, 527 Beano, for gastrointestinal gas, 573 Beau lines, 157 in Kawasaki disease, 1417 Becaplermin, for leg/foot ulcers, 154, 1225 Becker muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t Beclomethasone for allergic rhinitis, 218 for asthma, 253t Bed rest. See also Immobility back pain and, 821, 1686 hazards of, 65 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297, 301t hypercalcemia and, 1142 for preeclampsia-eclampsia, 794 for preterm labor prevention, 796 for third-trimester bleeding, 797 Bedbugs, skin lesions caused by, 149 Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), 712 Bedside tracheotomy, 238 Bedsores. See Pressure ulcers BEE. See Basal energy expenditure Beef. See Meat Beef tapeworm (T saginata), 1514 Beer consumption, gout/hyperuricemia and, 813, 814 Beer potomania, hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 873 Beger procedure, for pancreatitis, 717 Behavior abnormal illness, 1045–1047 during sleep (parasomnias), 1077–1078 in dementia patients, 6–12, 1009, 1089 insulin-induced hypoglycemia and, 1222 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Behavior modification. See also Cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol use/abuse, 1082 for anxiety disorders, 1044 for chronic fatigue syndrome, 40 in chronic pain disorders, 1048 for dementia/Alzheimer disease, 61, 1009, 1089 for depression, 1072 exercise/activity and, 13 for obesity management, 14, 1260 for paraphilias and gender identity disorders, 1051 for personality disorders, 1052 for psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1091 for psychosexual dysfunction, 1051 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1062 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 for urinary incontinence management, 68, 69 Behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia, 1008t
CMDT 2013
1761
Behçet syndrome, 853 uveitis in, 178, 853 Bejel (endemic syphilis), 1475 Belching (eructation), 573 Belimumab, for SLE, 834 Bell palsy, 1028. See also Facial paralysis/ palsy herpes simplex/varicella zoster infection and, 1028, 1351, 1355, 1359 Belladonna MAOI interactions and, 1071t overdose/toxicity of, 1575 Belly press test, 1678t, 1680 Benazepril/benazepril with hydrochlorothiazide/ benazepril with amlodipine, 450t Bence Jones proteinuria (light chain in urine), 905 in myeloma, 528, 936 renal toxicity and, 905, 936 Bendamustine, 1650t for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 Bends, 1557 Benicar/Benicar HCT. See Olmesartan/ olmesartan HCTZ Benign essential (familial) tremor, 997 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Benign mole, 100, 100f Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV), 210t, 211 Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956–961, 957t, 958f, 958t, 959t hematuria in, 938 phytotherapy/saw palmetto for, 960 postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 testosterone replacement therapy and, 1176, 1177 tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 urinary incontinence and, 68, 69, 958t, 960 Bentall procedure, 343, 346 for aortic regurgitation, 346 for aortic stenosis, 343 BenzaClin. See Clindamycin, with benzoyl peroxide Benzalkonium, for hydrofluoric acid burns, 1571 Benzamycin. See Erythromycin, with benzoyl peroxide Benzisoxazoles, 1055. See also Antipsychotic drugs Benznidazole, for Chagas disease, 1486, 1487 Benzocaine, methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Benzodiazepines, 1042–1043, 1042t, 1043t. See also specific agent for aggressive/violent patient, 1078 for alcohol detoxification/withdrawal, 18, 974, 1043, 1082, 1083 with antipsychotic agents, 1058 for anxiety, 1042–1043, 1042t, 1043t for delirium, 1089 in dementia, 1009 drug interactions of, 1043, 1043t for hallucinogen overdose/toxicity, 1583 for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569, 569t
1762
CMDT 2013
Benzodiazepines (Cont.): in older adult, 1043 overdose/toxicity of, 1043, 1563, 1566t, 1579–1580. See also Flumazenil for panic attacks, 1044 for PTSD, 1040 for serotonin syndrome, 36, 1592 for sleep disorders/insomnia, 1042t, 1043, 1076, 1078 withdrawal from, 1043 sleep disorders and, 1043, 1076 Benzoyl peroxide for acne, 97t, 127 with adapalene, 127 with clindamycin, 97t, 127 with erythromycin, 97t, 127 for rosacea, 129 Benzoylecgonine, in cocaine abuse, 1572 Benztropine, for parkinsonism, 999t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs Bepotastine, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Bepreve. See Bepotastine Beraprost, for pulmonary hypertension, 305 Berger disease (IgA nephropathy), 919t, 921f, 922–923 Beriberi, 1264. See also Thiamine (vitamin B1), deficiency of neuropathy associated with, 1023, 1264 Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 548 Berry aneurysms, 984, 986. See also Intracranial aneurysm Berylliosis, 311 Beta-adrenergic agonists for asthma exacerbation management and, 244f, 245t, 249f, 254t, 255, 256, 259 long-acting, 249f, 250–252, 251t, 253 in pregnant patient, 803 short-acting, 244f, 245t, 249f, 254t, 255, 256, 257f, 258f, 259 for COPD, 262 for hyperkalemia, 880 hypokalemia caused by, 878 for preterm labor prevention, 796 Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs for acute coronary syndromes, 362t, 363 for angina, 355–356 for anxiety/stress disorders, 1040, 1043 for aortic dissection, 477 for aortic regurgitation, 345 for arrhythmias, 377, 378t atrial fibrillation, 386 in hyperthyroidism, 1118 infarct-related, 372, 386 in heart failure, 405 supraventricular tachycardia, 378t, 382 ventricular tachycardia, 391, 392 for cardiomyopathy, 415 cardioselectivity of, 446, 447–448t depression caused by, 1064 for esophageal varices prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604 prevention of rebleeding and, 603 for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176
index in heart failure, 402–403, 446 infarct-related, 370 for hypertension, 442t, 446–449, 447–448t, 457, 457f, 458t in aortic dissection, 477 in combination regimen, 457, 457f, 458t in diabetics, 442t, 446, 1202, 1203 pregnancy and, 802 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t hypoglycemia caused by, 1244 lipid abnormalities associated with use of, 1248t for Marfan syndrome, 1671 for mitral valve prolapse, 341 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 370, 375–376 overdose/toxicity of, 1563, 1575–1576 for panic attacks, 1044 perioperative, 47, 48t in cardiac patients, 47, 48t pheochromocytoma and, 446, 1170 for phobic disorder, 1044 Beta-carotene in chemoprevention, 11 excess intake of, 1267 Beta-catenin, hepatocellular adenoma and, 702 Beta-cross linked C-telopeptide, reference values for, 1728t b-D-glucan levels in aspergillosis, 1537 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1326, 1534 Beta-globin gene, 494 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 494, 494–495 in sickle cell syndromes, 503 Beta-glucocerebrosidase, in Gaucher disease, 1668 Beta-hemolytic streptococci. See specific type under Group Beta-hydroxybutyrate/hydroxybutyric acid in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in diabetes mellitus, 1198 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1233 Beta interferon. See Interferon-b Beta-lactam antibiotics, for pneumonia, 273t Beta2-microglobulin in amyloidosis, 531 in myeloma staging, 529 reference values for, 1727t Beta-natriuretic peptide. See B-type natriuretic peptide Beta thalassemia syndromes, 494–495, 495, 495t, 496 sickle cell disease and, 505, 505t Betagan. See Levobunolol Betaine, for homocystinuria, 1669 Betamethasone/betamethasone valerate, 1190t for fetal lung maturity, 794, 796 topical, 96t Betaxolol for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 for systemic hypertension, 447t Bethesda assay, 550, 553
Bethesda criteria, for HNPCC, 656 Bethesda System, for Pap smear classification, 754t, 755 Betimol. See Timolol Betoptic S. See Betaxolol Bevacizumab, 1653t for breast cancer, 737, 741 for colorectal cancer, 1625 for lung cancer, 1600 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 for vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), 212–213 Bexarotene, TSH affected by, 1094, 1096 Bexxar. See Tositumomab Bezafibrate, 1254 Bezold-Jarisch reflex, in angina, 352 Biaxin. See Clarithromycin Bicalutamide, 1656t for prostate cancer, 1637t Bicarbonate for acidosis alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891, 893 in chronic kidney disease, 914 diabetic ketoacidosis, 1234 increased anion gap acidosis, 893 lactic acidosis, 1238 normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 892t, 893–894 arterial, 888–889 in chronic kidney disease, alkalosis and, 895 contrast media nephrotoxicity mediated by, 905 in fluid management, 897t gastrointestinal loss of, acidosis caused by, 892, 892t urinary anion gap and, 892t, 893 for hyperkalemia, 879, 880, 881t lithium interactions and, 1074t plasma/serum levels of in acid-base disorders, 888–889, 889, 889t, 890 in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1232t in lactic acidosis, 1232t, 1237 in metabolic acidosis, 889, 889t, 890 in metabolic alkalosis, 889, 889t, 890, 894, 894t, 895 in normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 890, 892 in respiratory acidosis, 889t, 896 in respiratory alkalosis, 889t, 896 reference values for, 1728t for salicylate poisoning, 893, 1588, 1589 for shock, 489 for tricyclic antidepressant overdose, 1563, 1564, 1592 venous, 889 Bicarbonaturia, in normal anion gap/ renal tubular acidosis, 892 Bicuspid aortic valve, 341–342, 343 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187 Bicycle riding, injury prevention and, 17 Bier block, for hydrofluoric acid burns, 1571 Bifascicular block, 395, 396 Bifidobacterium infantis probiotic, for irritable bowel syndrome, 635–636
index “Big gastrin,” gastrinoma secreting, 1172 “Big IGF-2,” nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia and, 1241–1242 “Big prolactin,” 1103 Bigeminy, 390 Biguanides for diabetes mellitus, 1206t overdose/toxicity of, 1580 Bilateral fold paralysis, 238 Bile acid-binding resins, for lipid modification, 1253 Bile ascites, 591 Bile ducts. See also under Biliary carcinoma of. See Cholangiocarcinoma; Periampullary/ampullary carcinoma common, stones in. See Choledocholithiasis Bile salts, malabsorption of in Crohn disease, 641, 643 in short bowel syndrome, 625 BiLE score, in liver failure, 674 Bilharziasis, 1511–1512. See also Schistosoma Biliary cirrhosis, 687, 692–694 Biliary colic. See Abdominal pain/ tenderness Biliary-enteric bypass, for gallbladder cancer, 1607 Biliary obstruction, 662–663, 663t biliary tract carcinoma causing, 1606 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 jaundice caused by, 662–663, 663t, 664t, 707, 709 Biliary pain. See Abdominal pain/ tenderness Biliary pancreatitis, 711 Biliary sludge (microlithiasis), 703 pancreatitis and, 711 Biliary stricture, 708–709 cholangitis and, 708 Biliary tract disease, 702–710, 703t. See also specific disease carcinoma, 1605–1607 cholecystitis, 703t, 704–705 choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 703t, 706–708 cholelithiasis (gallstones), 702–704, 703t CMV infection and, 1364 dyspepsia and, 565 in fascioliasis, 1512 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 inflammation. See Cholangitis pancreatitis and, 711 pre- and postcholecystectomy syndromes, 705–706 during pregnancy, 807 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709–710 strictures, 708–709 Biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch, for obesity, in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Bilirubin levels, 662, 664t. See also Hyperbilirubinemia in alcoholic liver disease, 681, 682 ascitic fluid, 591 in autoimmune hepatitis, 679
in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in cholecystitis, 704 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 in cirrhosis, 686, 692t in G6PD deficiency, 503 in hemolytic anemia, 500, 505 in liver disease/jaundice, 662, 663t, 664t in passive congestion of liver, 699 reference/normal values for, 662, 664t, 1728t urine, 664t in viral hepatitis, 666 in vitamin B12 deficiency, 498 Bilirubinate, calcium, in gallstones, 703 Bilivist. See Ipodate sodium Billowing mitral valve. See Mitral valve prolapse Biloma, 708 Bimatoprost, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Bimatoprost/timolol, for glaucoma/ ocular hypertension, 172t, 176 Binge eating, 1713–1714 bulimia nervosa and, 1263 in diabetes, 1713 Binge eating disorder, 1713–1714 Biofeedback for chronic pain, 1048 in factitious disorders, 1046 for fecal incontinence, 660 for somatoform disorders, 1046–1047 for urinary incontinence, 68, 69 Biologic response modifiers, 1657t. See also specific agent for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Biologic therapies, for inflammatory bowel disease, 639–640 Biomarkers in breast cancer, 728, 733–734. See also Hormone receptor sites prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 treatment and, 734 cardiac, 360, 366. See also Cardiac biomarkers/enzymes in women, 1707 pregnancy and, 781 Bioprostheses, for cardiac valve replacement, 338, 343, 346, 347, 348, 349. See also Valve replacement Bioterrorism anthrax and, 1432, 1433 botulinum toxin and, 1431 chemical warfare agents and nerve agents, 1587 skin decontamination for, 1566, 1587 Coxiella burnetii and, 1416 plague and, 1451 smallpox/smallpox vaccination and, 1403 tularemia (Francisella tularensis) and, 1450 Biperiden, for parkinsonism, 999t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs Bipolar disorders, 1063–1064. See also Depression; Mania drug therapy for, 1072–1075, 1074t
CMDT 2013
1763
lithium, 1072–1074, 1074t suicide risk and, 1064 Bipolaris, phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541 Bird-fancier’s lung (pigeon-breeder’s disease), 310t Bird mites. See Mites Birds avian influenza and, 1397, 1398 histoplasmosis and, 1531 hypersensitivity pneumonitis and, 310t psittacosis (ornithosis) and, 1462 West Nile virus in, 1378 Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, renal cell carcinoma and, 1641 Birth classes, 784 Birth control pills. See Oral contraceptives Bisacodyl, 571, 572t BISAP score, in pancreatitis, 712 Bisferiens pulse, in cardiomyopathy, 414 Bismuth compounds for diarrhea, 577, 1298 pregnancy and, 787 in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614t for peptic ulcer disease, 613 Bisoprolol for heart failure, 403 with hydrochlorothiazide, for hypertension, 447t perioperative, 47 Bisphosphonates, 1146–1147. See also specific agent adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t in breast cancer management, 738, 739 hypercalcemia associated with use of, 1142, 1147 for hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 884, 1143, 1647 hypocalcemia associated with use of, 1147 metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy and, 912 for myeloma-related bone disease, 529 osteonecrosis of jaw and, 11, 738, 865, 1147 for osteoporosis, 11, 780, 1146–1147, 1181 androgen deprivation therapy and, 1636 chronic corticosteroid treatment and, 1146, 1191 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 Bite cells, in G6PD deficiency, 503 Bites. See Animal bites; Human bite wounds; Insect bites Bithionol, for fascioliasis, 1513 Bitolterol, for asthma, 255 Bitot spots, in vitamin A deficiency, 1266 Bitter almonds, odor of in cyanide poisoning, 1577 Bivalirudin for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544t for myocardial infarction, 362t, 368 Biventricular pacing (resynchronization) for cardiomyopathy, 412, 415 for heart failure, 405–406
1764
CMDT 2013
Black cohosh, for menopausal symptoms, 1181 Black Creek Canal virus, 1388 Black eye, 192 in nasal trauma, 221 Black fever. See Visceral leishmaniasis Black molds chromoblastomycosis caused by, 1540 phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541 Black patients. See also Racial/ethnic background atopic dermatitis in, 103 cardiomyopathy in, 411 colorectal cancer risk in, 1623 diuretics in, 446 G6PD deficiency in, 502 glaucoma in, 175 HIV-associated nephropathy in, 931 hypertension in, 433, 435, 439, 459 management and, 446, 449, 453, 457f, 458t, 459 Kaposi sarcoma in, 145, 1331 sarcoidosis in, 295 sickle cell anemia/syndromes in, 503 thalassemia in, 495 Black plague, 1451 Black widow spider bite, 149, 1590 Blackwater fever, in malaria, 1495 Bladder biopsy of, in bladder cancer, 1639 cancer of, 1611t, 1638–1640 hematuria in, 938, 1638, 1639 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1638 schistosomiasis and, 1511, 1638 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 disorders/dysfunction of. See also specific type and Urinary incontinence postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 spinal trauma causing, 1018 infection of. See Cystitis neuropathic chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in diabetes, 1226 painful. See Interstitial cystitis paraganglioma of, 1167 Bladder catheterization intermittent, for incontinence management, 69 urinary tract infection and, 939, 1282, 1284 Bladder toxicity cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide causing, 1661 mesna for, 1658t, 1661 neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced, 1661 Bladder training, for urinary incontinence, 68 Blalock/Blalock-Taussig shunt, for tetralogy of Fallot, 331 Blast cells in acute leukemia, 520 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 in myelodysplastic syndromes, 517, 518 refractory anemia with (RAEB), 517 Blastomycosis, 1538–1539
index South American (paracoccidioidomycosis), 1539 Bleach. See Hypochlorite Bleeding/blood loss. See also specific cause or structure affected and Thrombocytopenia in acute leukemia, 519 anticoagulation/anticoagulant overdose and, 302–303, 1573 in chronic kidney disease, 913 in cirrhosis, 581, 601, 602, 687 coagulation disorders causing, 549–554 acquired, 553–554 congenital, 549–553, 550t, 552t in DIC, 545–546, 554 in essential thrombocytosis, 513 evaluation of, 438, 539t gastrointestinal. See Gastrointestinal bleeding iron deficiency and, 490, 490–491, 586–587 in liver disease, 553–554 malabsorption and, 621t miscellaneous causes of, 554 ovulation, 747 perioperative risk evaluation/ management and, 46, 47t, 52, 53t platelet count and, 536, 538, 539t platelet disorders causing, 538–549, 539t acquired, 548–549, 549t congenital, 548 qualitative, 548–549, 549t thrombocytopenia, 538–548, 539t, 541f, 543t, 544t, 546t, 547t in polycythemia, 512 during pregnancy ectopic pregnancy and, 790 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791 third-trimester, 797 premenopausal/postmenopausal. See Vaginal bleeding rectal. See Rectal bleeding retinal disorders and, 186–187 thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction and, 368 vaginal. See Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding Bleeding history, directed, preoperative, 46, 47t, 52 Blenoxane. See Bleomycin Bleomycin, 1655t, 1662 Raynaud phenomenon caused by, 837 for testicular cancer, 1643 toxicity of, 1655t, 1662–1663 for wart removal, 141 Blepharitis, 110, 163–164 Blepharospasm, 1003 Blind loop syndrome bacterial overgrowth and, 497 vitamin B12 deficiency in, 497 Blind spot, enlargement of in papilledema, 189, 189f Blindness. See also disorders causing and Visual impairment/loss age-related macular degeneration causing, 181
in basilar artery migraine, 963 cataract causing, 179 cortical, occipital lobe lesions causing, 991 diabetic eye disease and, 185, 1223 fleeting (amaurosis fugax), 184, 469, 981 in giant cell arteritis, 845, 845–846, 846 glaucoma causing, 177 river (onchocerciasis), 1526–1527 snow, 194 trachoma causing, 165–166 transient monocular, 184, 469 vitamin A deficiency and, 1266 Blister, burn, 1550 Blister cells, in G6PD deficiency, 503 Blistering (bullous) skin disorders, 95t, 138–139. See also specific type Blocadren. See Timolol Blood. See also Bleeding/blood loss contaminated, transfusion of, 535 disorders of, 490–537. See also Hematologic disorders screening, 535–536 for cytomegalovirus, 536 for drugs/toxins, 1570 for hepatitis, 535–536, 667, 669 for HIV, 536, 1321, 1334 for HTLV, 536, 1383, 1384 for West Nile virus, 536, 1379, 1380 stem cells in, for transplantation, 532, 533 in stool. See Diarrhea, bloody; Dysentery; Fecal occult blood testing for toxicology testing, 1570 transfusion of. See Transfusion in urine. See Hematuria; Hemoglobinuria Blood alcohol level in acute intoxication/poisoning, 1080, 1579 reference values for, 1730t Blood culture central venous catheter sepsis and, 1284 in disseminated candidiasis, 1529 in endocarditis, 1436 in fever/FUO, 1277 in gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444 in health care-associated infection, 1283–1284 in Lyme disease, 1480 in nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis, 859 in pneumonia, 271, 272t, 276 in staphylococcal infection, 1427 osteomyelitis, 1426, 1427 in tuberculosis, 281 in typhoid fever, 1445 Blood dyscrasias. See also Bleeding retinal disorders associated with, 186–187 Blood flukes, schistosomiasis caused by, 1511–1512 Blood gases. See Arterial blood gases; Venous blood gases Blood glucose levels. See Glucose, blood levels of
index Blood glucose meters, 1200 Blood loss. See Bleeding Blood pressure, 433, 434t, 435f. See also Hypertension; Hypotension cardiovascular/heart disease and, 10–11, 433, 434, 1249t, 1250 classification/management and, 433, 434t, 435f exercise/activity affecting, 12–13 in GI bleeding, 581 in hypertension, 433, 434t, 435f, 440 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564 treatment goals and, 443 in chronic kidney disease/diabetic nephropathy, 459, 911, 931, 1224 in diabetes, 1227 in hypertensive urgencies/emergencies, 433, 460 in hypotension, 434t measurement of, 433–434 orthostatic changes in. See Orthostatic (postural) hypotension in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 793t, 795 in prehypertension, 434, 434t, 441 in shock, 485, 486 in valvular heart disease, 334t Blood pressure screening, in cardiovascular/heart disease prevention, 7t, 11 Blood smear for babesiosis diagnosis, 1499, 1500f for filariasis diagnosis, 1525 for loiasis diagnosis, 1527 for malaria diagnosis, 1491–1492, 1491f Blood specimen, tubes for collection of, 1736t Blood transfusion. See Transfusion Blood (compatibility) typing, for transfusions, 534 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 900, 900f in acute kidney injury, 902, 902t in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 in hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state, in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 in pancreatitis, 711 preoperative levels of, postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 reference values for, 1728t in SIADH, 874 Blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio, 900 in acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis, 902t, 903, 905 in glomerulonephritis, 907 Blood vessels. See specific type and under Vascular Blowout fracture, of orbital floor, 192 Blue bloaters, 260, 260t Blue nevi, 101, 101f melanoma and, 101 Blue sclera, in osteogenesis imperfecta, 1145 Blue and dark blue top tubes, 1736t Blumer shelf, 1616 Blunt trauma, cardiac, 428–429 Blurred vision. See Visual impairment/ loss
BMI. See Body mass index BMPR1A gene, in familial juvenile polyposis, 655 BMPR2 gene, in pulmonary hypertension, 423 BNP. See B-type natriuretic peptide Bocavirus, 1402 Boceprevir, 1353t for hepatitis C, 677 BODE index, 265 Body cavity (primary effusion) lymphoma, 1367 Body dysmorphic disorder, 1090 Body fat. See also Obesity distribution of in obesity, 1259 diabetes and, 1194, 1197, 1220 Body fluid precautions (universal). See Body substance isolation Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa, 1262 in female athlete triad, 1712 postsurgical anxiety states and, 1090 surgery proneness and, 1090 Body lice, 148. See also Lice Body mass index, 13, 1259 coronary heart disease risk and, 350 genetic factors affecting, 1259 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t Body ringworm, 110–111, 111f Body substance isolation/universal precautions, 1284 in H1N1 influenza, 1400 in hemorrhagic fevers, 1385 in herpes simplex prevention, 1355 HIV infection/AIDS prevention and, 1334 in monkeypox, 1404 in SARS, 1401 in smallpox/variola, 1403 Body surface area, in burns, estimating, 1549–1550, 1549f Body temperature antipsychotic drug use affecting, 1059 basal. See Basal body temperature in burn injury, maintaining, 1551 elevated. See also Fever; Hyperthermia cholinergic urticaria caused by, 133 in hyperthermia/heat exposure syndromes, 35, 1548, 1565 in hypothermia, 1543, 1544 in near drowning, resuscitation efforts and, 1556 normal, 35 circadian variations in, 1277 in pulmonary embolism, 298 regulation of, 1543. See also Thermoregulation Body water, 870, 871t fluid management and, 897, 897t water deficit calculation and, 876 weight changes and, 870, 897 Body weight. See Weight Boerhaave syndrome, 568 Boils (furunculosis), 151–152, 1303t, 1421t, 1425, 1425f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Bone adynamic disease of, 912 avascular necrosis of (osteonecrosis), 865
CMDT 2013
1765
corticosteroid use and, 865, 1190–1191 dysbaric, 865 of jaw, bisphosphonate use and, 11, 738, 865, 1147 in sickle cell anemia, 503, 865 blastomycosis involving, 1539 coccidioidomycosis involving, 863, 1532 defective mineralization of, in osteomalacia, 912, 1148–1149, 1149, 1150 in diabetes, 1228 in histoplasmosis, 863 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328 in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 884, 1139 infections of, 861–864. See also Osteomyelitis metabolic disease of, 1144–1153. See also specific disorder in chronic kidney disease (renal osteodystrophy), 912–913, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1144 mycotic infection of, 862–863 myeloma involving, 527, 528 Paget disease of, 1152–1153 in syphilis, 1471 tuberculosis of, 285, 863–864 Bone density/bone density measurements/bone densitometry in diabetes, 1228 in female athlete triad, 1712 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328 in hyperparathyroidism, 1139, 1140, 1141 levothyroxine treatment and, 1125, 1130 in male hypogonadism, 1175 normal, 1710 in osteomalacia, 1150, 1151 in osteoporosis, 1145–1146, 1710. See also Osteoporosis prevention and, 11, 1145, 1710 Bone marrow depression/failure of antipsychotic drug use and, 1059 in aplastic anemia, 508 in cancer chemotherapy, 1649–1659 infections and, 1279, 1648 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 521 methotrexate causing, 829 in myelodysplastic syndromes, 517 in myeloma, 527, 528 in neutropenia, 510, 510t in primary myelofibrosis, 514 radiation exposure and, 1554 thrombocytopenia caused by, 538–540 examination/morphology of in acute leukemia, 520 in anemia evaluation, 490 in aplastic anemia, 508 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 515, 516 in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in Gaucher disease, 1668
1766
CMDT 2013
Bone marrow, examination/morphology of (Cont.): in hairy cell leukemia, 523 in leishmaniasis, 1488 in myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 in myeloma, 528 in neutropenia, 510 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 in polycythemia, 512 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 in sideroblastic anemia, 497 in vitamin B12 deficiency, 497, 498 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 infiltration of, thrombocytopenia caused by, 540 stem cells in, for transplantation, 532, 533 Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation, 532–534 for acute leukemia, 520–521, 533 adenovirus infection and, 1401 allogeneic, 532–534 for amyloidosis, 531, 930 for aplastic anemia, 509, 533, 539–540 aspergillosis after, 1537 autologous, 532 for breast cancer, 742 for cancer, 532–534 chemotherapy and, 532, 533 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 523, 533 for chronic myeloid leukemia, 517, 533 CMV infection and, 1280, 1364 for Hodgkin lymphoma, 527, 532 immunizations and, 5, 1314 infection and, 1279, 1280–1281 for lymphoma, 525, 526, 532, 533 for mantle cell lymphoma, 525, 532 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518, 533 for myeloma, 529, 532 for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 for primary myelofibrosis, 515 for sickle cell anemia/syndromes, 504 for thalassemia, 496 Bone-modifying agents, for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1658–1659t Bone morphogenic receptor protein 1A (BMPR1A) gene, in familial juvenile polyposis, 655 Bone morphogenic receptor protein 2 (BMPR2) gene, in pulmonary hypertension, 423 Bone pain adjuvant modalities for, 85, 1658–1659t bisphosphonates causing, 1153 in Gaucher disease, 1668 in hyperparathyroidism, 1139 malabsorption and, 621t in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 912 in myeloma, 528, 529 in osteomalacia, 1150 in Paget disease, 1152 Bone scanning for breast cancer metastases, 727 in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 in Paget disease, 1152 for prostate cancer metastases, 1631
index BOOP (bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia). See Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis BOOSTRIX. See Tdap vaccine Borderline personality disorder, 1051, 1052, 1052t, 1053 Bordetella infection bronchiseptica, 1441 pertussis (whooping cough), 1440–1441 cough in, 21, 22, 23, 1440 prevention/immunization and, 3, 1307, 1440. See also Pertussis vaccine Boredom, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Bornholm disease (epidemic pleurodynia), 1406 Borrelia (borreliosis) afzelii, 1478, 1479 burgdorferi, 240, 1300t, 1478, 1479. See also Lyme disease myopericarditis caused by, 419, 1479 senu strictu, 1478 garinii, 1478, 1479 lonestari, 136 recurrentis, 1300t, 1475 relapsing fever caused by, 1300t, 1475 tick-borne encephalitis coinfection and, 1391 Bortezomib, 1655t for myeloma, 529 neuropathy caused by, 529, 1661 Bosentan, for pulmonary hypertension, 305 Botanical (herbal) medicines, toxicity of, 1578, 1578t Botox. See Botulinum toxin therapy Botulinum toxin, 1033, 1431 Botulinum toxin therapy for achalasia, 605 for age-related facial changes, 1721 for diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 for focal torsion dystonias, 1003 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t, 965 for spasticity, 1012 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Botulinus antitoxin, 1034, 1431 Botulism, 1033–1034, 1294t, 1430–1431 Bouchard nodes, 810, 811f Bougie dilators. See Esophageal dilation Boutonneuse fever, 1409t, 1414 Boutonnière deformity, 831 Bouveret syndrome, 703 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (vCJD/mad cow disease), 1381–1382, 1382 Bowel function/dysfunction, in spinal injury, 1018 Bowel irrigation, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 Bowen disease, 117 BPH. See Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPPV. See Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo Brachial plexus lesions of, 1029–1032 in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes, 818, 1031–1032
Brachial plexus neuropathy, 1029–1030 Brachytherapy. See also Radiation therapy for breast cancer, 736 for lung cancer, 1600 for prostate cancer, 1636 Braden scale, for pressure ulcers, 70 Bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias, 380, 394–397 in myocardial infarction, 365, 372 palpitations and, 31, 32 persistent (sick sinus syndrome), 394 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t sinus. See Sinus bradycardia in sleep apnea, 319 Bradykinesia, in parkinsonism, 998, 999 B-raf/BRAF gene/mutations clinical relevance of testing for, 1726t colorectal cancer/HNPCC and, 653, 656, 657, 1622, 1625 papillary thyroid carcinoma and, 1126 Brain, vasculitis of (primary angiitis of central nervous system), 854 Brain abscess, 993–994, 1287, 1288, 1302t anaerobes causing, 1302t, 1455 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216 cancer-related, 994 in nocardiosis, 1457 otitis media and, 205 seizures and, 969, 994 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 Brain biopsy in abscesses, 994 in CNS lymphoma in HIV infection/ AIDS, 1327 in primary angiitis of central nervous system, 854 in toxoplasmosis, 1502 Brain cancer, 990t, 1611t. See also Intracranial masses/tumors metastatic, 992 primary, 989–992, 990t Brain death, 1015 organ donation and, 93 Brain edema. See Cerebral edema Brain imaging. See Neuroimaging Brain natriuretic peptide. See B-type natriuretic peptide Brain stimulation for idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 for parkinsonism, 1001 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Brain tumors, 989–993, 990t, 1612t. See also Brain cancer; Intracranial masses/tumors Brainstem arteriovenous malformations in, 987 ischemia of, seizures differentiated from, 971 lesions/tumors/infarction of, 991 coma or stupor caused by, 1014, 1015 gliomas, 990t, 991 vertigo caused by, 212 Bran, dietary (bran powder), 572t, 1269. See also Fiber, dietary Branch retinal artery occlusion, 183–184 Branch retinal vein occlusion, 181–182 Branchial cleft cysts, 239 deep neck infections and, 230 Brandt-Daroff exercises, 211 BRCA1/BRCA2 genes breast cancer and, 722, 723, 723t
index in male, 746 ovarian cancer and, 764 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Breast, 718–746 abscess of, 721, 721f nipple discharge caused by, 720 puerperal mastitis and, 721, 797–798 augmented, 721. See also Breast implants disorders of, 721 benign disorders of, 718–721 biopsy of in breast mass evaluation, 718, 727– 729, 728f, 729f, 1718, 1719 during pregnancy, 807 in fat necrosis, 721 in fibroadenoma, 719 in fibrocystic condition, 718 mammographic localization, 729 stereotactic, 729 cancer of. See Breast cancer cysts (simple) of, 1718, 1719. See also Breast, fibrocystic condition and examination of in cancer follow-up, 743 in cancer screening/early detection/ mass evaluation, 15t, 724, 726–727, 726f, 727f, 1708, 1718 in gynecomastia, 1178 fat necrosis of, 720–721 fibroadenoma of, 719–720, 1718 fibrocystic condition and, 718–719, 1718, 1719 breast cancer risk and, 718, 719, 722, 723t nipple discharge in, 718, 720, 720t male, disorders of. See Breast cancer, in male; Gynecomastia mass/lump in. See Breast cancer; Lump (breast) nipple discharge and, 720, 720t, 730, 1719 phyllodes tumor of, 719 pregnancy affecting, 781 reconstruction of after mastectomy, 736, 744–745 local recurrence and, 721, 745 self-examination of, in cancer screening, 15t, 724, 1708 Breast cancer, 722–746, 1611t anatomic locations of, 726, 726f antipsychotic drug use and, 1059 arm edema and, 727, 744 bilateral, 733 biomarkers/gene expression profiling and, 728, 733–734 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 treatment and, 734 biopsy in diagnosis of, 718, 727–729, 728f, 729f, 1719 during pregnancy, 807 breast pain (mastalgia) and, 726, 730, 1716, 1717 breast reconstruction/implants and, 721, 736, 744–745 clinical examination in detection/ evaluation of, 15t, 724, 726–727, 726f, 727f, 1718
clinical findings in early detection of, 726–730, 726f, 727f, 728f, 729f, 1718 cytology in evaluation of, 730 diet and, 722 differential diagnosis of, 730 ductal in situ, 733, 733t invasive/infiltrating, 733t early detection/screening for, 15t, 724– 725, 1708 clinical findings and, 726–730, 726f, 727f, 728f, 729f, 1718 genetic testing and, 722, 723 pregnancy and, 730, 807 endometrial cancer and, 722, 723t, 759 estrogen replacement therapy and, 722, 743–744, 780, 1182, 1183 exercise affecting risk of, 12, 15, 722, 1708 fibrocystic condition and, 718, 719, 722, 723t genetic mutations associated with, 722, 723. See also BRCA1/BRCA2 genes HER-2/neu oncogene overexpression in, 733–734, 737 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 737, 743 therapy and, 736, 737, 738, 741 incidence/risk/mortality of, 722–723, 723t, 1594t, 1708 in male, 745–746 inflammatory, 721, 730 in situ, 730, 733, 733t lactation and, 730 lobular in situ, 733, 733t invasive, 733t in male, 745–746 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669 mammography in detection/evaluation of, 15t, 16, 718, 724, 724–725, 727, 728f, 729, 1708 biopsy and, 729 breast implants and, 721 pregnancy and, 730, 807, 1718 metastatic lymph node assessment and, 726, 726f, 727 prognosis and, 736, 736t, 743 treatment of, 734, 739–743, 740t nipple discharge in, 720, 720t, 730, 1719 noninvasive, 730, 733, 733t oral contraceptive use and, 722, 772 Paget, 117, 117f, 726, 730 nipple involvement and, 117, 117f, 726, 730 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t pathologic types of, 730, 733t prognosis and, 736t pleural effusion in, 315 pregnancy affecting risk of, 722, 723t, 743, 1708 pregnancy and, 730, 743, 745, 807–808 prevention of, 723, 1708 chemoprevention and, 15, 723, 733, 736, 1708
CMDT 2013
1767
genetic risk factors and, 723 prognosis for, 736, 736t, 743, 743t adjuvant systemic therapy and, 736, 736t biomarkers and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 in male, 746 recurrence of, 744 adjuvant systemic therapy and, 736, 736t biomarkers/gene expression profiling and, 727, 734 breast reconstruction/implants and, 721, 745 Oncotype Dx assay in assessment of, 734 self-examination in prevention/ screening of, 15t, 724, 1708 smoking/passive smoking and, 6 staging of, 730, 731–732t prognosis and, 736t, 743, 743t treatment choice and, 734–735 survivorship issues and, 744–745 treatment of, 734–743, 1611t adjuvant systemic, 735, 736–738, 736t, 1611t in older women, 738 biomarkers/hormone receptor status and, 734, 736, 736t, 738, 739 breast-conserving, 735 chemotherapy in, 735, 736–737, 738, 740, 741–742, 1611t adjuvant/neoadjuvant, 735, 736–737, 738, 1611t palliative, 740, 741–742 pregnancy and, 730, 745, 808 choice/timing of primary therapy and, 734–735 curative, 734–739, 735f, 736t endocrine therapy in, 736, 738, 739– 741, 740t. See also Hormone therapy, for breast cancer adjuvant/neoadjuvant, 736, 738, 1611t follow-up, 743–745 genetic markers for cancer and, 723 in male, 746 neoadjuvant, 735, 738 palliative, 734, 739–743, 740t during pregnancy/lactation, 730, 745, 807–808 radiation therapy in, 735, 736, 739, 744 surgical resection, 735, 735–736, 735f. See also Lumpectomy; Mastectomy targeted therapy in, 737–738, 739–741, 740t “triple-negative,” 734, 741 ultrasonography in evaluation of, 718, 727, 728f, 729 Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, 1708 Breast-conserving therapy, for breast cancer, 735 local recurrence and, 744 during pregnancy/lactation, 730 Breast implants, 721 breast cancer in patient with, 721 for breast reconstruction, 721, 745 disorders associated with, 721 rupture of, 721
1768
CMDT 2013
Breast milk. See Lactation Breast pain (mastalgia), 1716–1717 in cancer, 726, 730, 1716, 1717 in fibrocystic condition, 718, 719, 1718, 1719 Breast surgery, 735–736, 735f. See also Lumpectomy; Mastectomy during pregnancy, 807 Breastfeeding. See Lactation Breath odor in cyanide poisoning, 1577 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1197, 1232 in uremia, 909t, 910 Breath sounds in asthma, 246 in bronchial obstruction, 243 in heart failure, 399 in pneumonia, 271 Breath tests in bacterial overgrowth, 580, 625 in H pylori infection, 565, 609, 613 in lactose intolerance, 573, 626 in nausea and vomiting, 568 Breathing. See also under Respiratory abnormalities of in coma or stupor, 1014, 1563 assessment/support of in burn injury, 1550 in coma, 1014, 1563 impaired control of, pulmonary hypertension and, 424 muscles/accessory muscles of in asthma exacerbation, 247t in myasthenia gravis, 1032 sleep-related disorders of, 318–319. See also Sleep apnea Breathing exercises for COPD, 264 for cystic fibrosis, 268 prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 Brentuximab vedotin, 1653t for Hodgkin lymphoma, 527 Brevibloc. See Esmolol Brief psychotic disorders, 1054 Brill-Zinsser disease, 1408 Brimonidine for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 overdose/toxicity of, 1577 Brimonidine/timolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Brinzolamide, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Brinzolamide/timolol, for glaucoma/ ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Briquet syndrome, 1045–1046 British anti-Lewisite (BAL). See Dimercaprol Brodifacoum poisoning, 1573 “Broken heart syndrome,” 413. See also Tako-Tsubo (stress/ catecholamine-induced) cardiomyopathy Bromfenac, for ophthalmic disorders, 169t Bromocriptine. See also Dopamine agonists for cocaine withdrawal, 1085
index for hyperprolactinemia, 1104 lactation suppression and, 786 for mastalgia, 1717 for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 36, 1060, 1565, 1574 for ovulation induction, 769 for parkinsonism, 1000 Brompheniramine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 218–219 Bronchi, foreign body in, 238–239, 308 Bronchial carcinoid tumors (bronchial adenomas), 291 Bronchial gland carcinoma, 291 Bronchial obstruction, 243 Bronchial provocation testing, in asthma, 246–247 Bronchiectasis, 265–266 COPD differentiated from, 261 cystic fibrosis and, 266, 267 in measles, 1368 nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and, 266, 288 Bronchiolitis, 269–270 acute, 269 adenoviruses causing, 269, 1402 constrictive (obliterative/bronchiolitis obliterans), 269, 270 with organizing pneumonia (BOOP/ cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis/ COP), 269, 294t, 295 silo-filler’s disease and, 311 follicular, 269 measles causing, 1368 proliferative, 269, 270 respiratory, 269 interstitial lung disease associated with (RB-ILD), 269, 294t, 295 RSV, 269, 1393–1394, 1394 Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, 1595. See also Lung cancer Bronchitis chlamydial, 1462 chronic, 259, 260t. See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease imaging findings in, 261 industrial, 311 management of, 264 cough in, 23, 260t dyspnea in, 24, 260t Bronchoalveolar lavage, for respiratory secretion analysis in eosinophilic pneumonia, 297 in immunocompromised host, 279 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease, 293 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 279, 1326, 1534 in pneumonia, 277, 279 in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 296 in sarcoidosis, 296 in tuberculosis, 280 Bronchoconstriction. See Asthma; Bronchospasm Bronchodilators adverse ophthalmic effects of, 195t for asthma
exacerbation management and, 244f, 245t, 249f, 254–255t, 255, 256 long-acting, 249f, 250–252 short-acting, 244f, 245t, 249f, 254– 255t, 255, 256, 257f, 258f for COPD, 262–263 for cystic fibrosis, 268 perioperative, 51 response to, in asthma diagnosis, 246 Bronchogenic carcinoma, 1595–1601, 1598t. See also Lung cancer Bronchopneumonia, in measles, 1368 Bronchoprovocation testing. See Bronchial provocation testing Bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis, allergic, 266–267, 1537, 1538 Bronchoscopy. See also Bronchoalveolar lavage in bronchial carcinoid tumors, 291 in bronchial obstruction, 243 in hemoptysis, 27 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease, 293 in lung cancer, 1597 in pneumonia, 272 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 290 in tuberculosis, 280–281 Bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction. See also Asthma adenosine causing, 382 in COPD, 260 in desensitization therapy, 1307 exercise-induced, 243 perioperative, 50 in pulmonary edema, 408 transfusion causing, 535 Broth technique, for drug susceptibility testing, 1304 Brown recluse spider bites, 149, 1590 Brown-Séquard syndrome, 1018 Brown tumors of bone, in hyperparathyroidism, 1139 Bruce protocol, for exercise testing, 352 Brucella abortus/melitensis/suis (brucellosis), 1299t, 1449–1450 Brudzinski sign, 41, 1441 Brugada syndrome, 432 Brugia malayi, 1524 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and, 296, 1525 timori, 1524 Bruits in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 carotid, 469 in cerebral arteriovenous malformation, 987 in occlusive cerebrovascular disease, 469 Bruxism, earache and, 206 BSE. See Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; Breast, selfexamination of BSS. See Bernard-Soulier syndrome Buboes in lymphogranuloma venereum, 659, 1461 in plague, 1451
index Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein obstruction), 697–699 Budesonide for allergic rhinitis, 218 for asthma, 253t with formoterol, 251t, 252 in pregnant patient, 803 for autoimmune hepatitis, 679 for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 644 microscopic colitis, 650 Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans), 471–472 Raynaud disease/phenomenon and, 472, 837 Bufotenin, toxicity of, 1579 Bulbar palsy progressive, 1019, 1020 in syringomyelia, 1019 Bulbar poliomyelitis, 1372–1373 Bulbospinal neuronopathy, X-linked, 1020 Bulimia nervosa, 1263 with anorexia nervosa, 1263 Bullectomy, for emphysema, 265 Bullous impetigo, 123f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Bullous pemphigoid, 139 Bullous (blistering) skin disorders, 95t, 138–139. See also specific type Bumetanide for heart failure, 401 infarct-related, 373 for hypertension, 445t in urgencies/emergencies, 463 lithium use and, 1074 for pulmonary edema, 408 Bumex. See Bumetanide BUN. See Blood urea nitrogen Bundibugyo virus, 1384 Bundle branch block, 395–396 in atrial septal defect, 328 in myocardial infarction, 366, 373 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 Bunyaviruses encephalitis caused by, 1378–1380 hantaviruses as, 1388 hemorrhagic fever caused by, 1384–1385, 1385 Buprenorphine, 80t for heroin/opioid addiction/ withdrawal, 18–20, 1084 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Bupropion, 1067, 1070t for drug-induced erectile dysfunction, 1067 for obesity, 1261 overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1591–1592 for smoking cessation, 8, 261, 1593 Burin variant MEN 1, 1189 Burkholderia mallei (glanders), 1300t pseudomallei (melioidosis), 1300t Burkitt lymphoma, 524, 525 Epstein-Barr virus in, 1363 Burkitt type ALL, 520 Burn blister, 1550 Burn dressings, 1551
Burn surface area, estimating, 1549–1550, 1549f Burning mouth syndrome, 226 Burns, 1549–1552, 1549f abdominal compartment syndrome and, 1551 chemical. See Chemical injury classification of, 1549–1550, 1549f depth of, 1550 electric, 1550, 1552–1553 extent of, 1549–1550, 1549f fasciotomy in, 1551 flame (clothing), 1552 flash (arcing), 1552 infection and, 1551 injuries/illnesses associated with, 1550 Joule, 1552 patient assessment and, 1549–1550, 1549f, 1550 radiation, 1554 smoke inhalation and, 307, 1550 survival and, 1550 survival after, 1550 systemic reactions to, 1550 tetanus immunization and, 1551 treatment of, 1550–1552 chemoprophylaxis for, 1551 initial resuscitation, 1550–1551 patient support and, 1551–1552 Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis treatment and, 135 surgical management in, 1551 Bursa/bursitis, 825–826, 825f. See also specific type or joint affected in diabetes, 1228 Buruli ulcer, 1458 “Bush teas,” sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by, 698 Buspar. See Buspirone Buspirone, 1042t for aggressive/violent behavior, 1079 antidepressant drug augmentation and, 1065, 1069 for anxiety, 1042t, 1043 for OCD, 1044 Busulfan, 1650t Butane, toxicity of, 1583 Butanediol, overdose/toxicity of, 1580 Butenafine, 98t for tinea corporis, 111 Butoconazole, for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 752 Butterfly rash, in SLE, 833 Button batteries, ingested, alkali injuries caused by, 1572 g-Butyrolactone, overdose/toxicity of, 1580 Butyrophenones, 1055, 1056. See also Antipsychotic drugs; Haloperidol overdose/toxicity of, 1574 Bydureon. See Exenatide Byetta/Byetta LAR. See Exenatide Bypass grafting for aortic dissection, 477 for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 coronary artery. See Coronary artery bypass grafting for erectile dysfunction, 953
CMDT 2013
1769
for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 for lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 for superior vena caval syndrome, 482 for visceral artery insufficiency/ intestinal angina, 471 Bypass surgery, for obesity, 14, 1261 hypoglycemia after, 1242 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Byssinosis, 311 Bystolic. See Nebivolol C3 in bullous pemphigoid, 139 in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 930 in IgA nephropathy, 923 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 in postinfectious glomerulonephritis, 922 reference values for, 1729t C3b in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 C3 nephritic factor, in membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy, 921f, 925 C4, reference values for, 1729t C5A, in familial Mediterranean fever, 591 C282Y mutation, in hemochromatosis, 694, 695 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 682, 1603 Ccr. See Creatinine clearance c-erbB-2. See HER-2/neu overexpression c-myc gene, in Burkitt lymphoma, 524 13C-octanoic acid breath test, in nausea and vomiting, 568 C-peptide in factitious hypoglycemia, 1239, 1243 insulinoma secreting, 1172, 1239 reference values for, 1728t C-reactive protein coronary heart disease and, 350–351, 1250 in women, 1707 in Crohn disease, 642 reference values for, 1728t in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 C-telopeptide beta-cross-linked, reference values for, 1728t in Paget disease of bone, 1152 C-urea breath testing. See Urea breath testing c-v wave in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 14 C-xylose test, in bacterial overgrowth, 580 Ca. See Calcium CA 15-3, in breast cancer, 727 CA 19-9 in cholangiocarcinoma, 710, 1606 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 CA 27-29, in breast cancer, 727 CA 125, in ovarian tumors, 764, 765 screening for, 16, 764, 1710
1770
CMDT 2013
CA-MRSA. See Community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus Cabazitaxel, 1652t for prostate cancer, 1637 Cabergoline for Cushing disease, 1160 for GH-secreting tumors, 1101 for hyperprolactinemia, 1104 CABG. See Coronary artery bypass grafting Cabozantinib, for prostate cancer, 1637 Cachectin. See Tumor necrosis factor Cachexia diabetic neuropathic, 1226 in protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 in terminally ill/dying patient, 90 CACN1A gene, in familial hemiplegic migraine, 963 CACNA1S gene, in periodic paralysis, 1036 CACNL1A3 gene, in periodic paralysis, 1036 CAD (coronary artery disease). See Coronary heart disease Cadherin cell adhesion protein, gastric cancer and, 1616 Cadmium, tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 933 CADP test, 1733t Caduet. See Atorvastatin, with amlodipine Café au lait spots, 996 Café coronary, 308 Cafergot, for migraine headache, 963 Caffeine, 1086 fibrocystic breast condition and, 719 for migraine headache, 963 overdose/toxicity of, 1086, 1590–1591 during pregnancy, 783 Caffeinism, 1086 cagA gene, in H pylori gastritis, 609 CAGE screening test, 18, 19t Cajal, interstitial cells of, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and, 1619 Calabar swellings, 1527, 1528 Calan. See Verapamil Calcaneofibular ligament, ankle sprains and, 1703 Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), 1149 for hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 1137 reference values for, 1735t serum levels of in osteoporosis, 1145 for vitamin D deficiency/osteomalacia, 1151 Calciferol. See Ergocalciferol Calcific (degenerative) aortic stenosis, 333, 342, 343 Calcimar. See Calcitonin Calcimimetic agents. See Cinacalcet Calcinosis cardiac, 427 in cor pulmonale, 426 tumoral, 912 Calciphylaxis, 1139, 1141 Calcipotriene, for psoriasis, 107 Calcitonin reference values for, 1728t in thyroid cancer, 1128, 1189 Calcitonin/nasal calcitonin-salmon for hypercalcemia, 884, 1647
index for osteoporosis, 1148 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) for hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism/ tetany, 1137, 1137t, 1138 for metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 for osteomalacia/rickets, 1151 for parathyroid hyperplasia, 1143 reference values for, 1735t Calcitriol ointment, for psoriasis, 107 Calcium coronary, tomographic assessment of, in chest pain evaluation, 29 dietary/supplementary, 1146, 1269–1270 for calcium channel blocker overdose, 1563, 1576 in colorectal cancer prevention, 1269–1270, 1623 deficiency of in osteomalacia/rickets, 1149–1150 high-calcium diet and, 1269–1270 hypercalcemia caused by, 883, 1141 hypercalciuria and, 948 for hyperkalemia, 880, 881t for hypermagnesemia, 888 for hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 for hyperphosphatemia, 886, 913 for hypertension, 441, 1269–1270 for hypocalcemia/ hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 882, 1137, 1138 for metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 milk-alkali syndrome and, 883, 884 for osteomalacia, 1151 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 11, 780, 1146, 1269–1270, 1710 after parathyroidectomy, 1143 during pregnancy/lactation, 785, 786 requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 urinary stone formation and, 948, 1146 disorders of concentration/metabolism of, 881–884, 882t, 883t. See also Hypercalcemia; Hypocalcemia in chronic kidney disease/renal osteodystrophy, 882, 912, 912f genetic disorders associated with, 878t intracellular, in hypertension, 436 reference/normal values for, 881, 1728t serum levels of albumin levels and, 882, 883, 1136, 1646 in hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 883, 884, 1139, 1140f, 1646 in hypercalciuria, 947, 947t in hypocalcemia/ hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136, 1138 magnesium serum levels and, 882, 883, 887
in Paget disease of bone, 1152 parathyroid hormone affecting, 882, 883, 884, 1135, 1138, 1140f phosphorus/phosphate metabolism and, 885 reference/normal values for, 881, 1728t urinary excretion of, 947t, 948. See also Hypercalciuria in hypercalcemia, 884, 947t in hypocalcemia, 882–883 reference value for, 1728t in urinary stones, 946, 947, 948–949, 1146. See also Calcium nephrolithiasis; Hypercalciuria Calcium acetate. See Calcium, dietary/ supplementary Calcium bilirubinate, in gallstones, 703 Calcium carbonate. See Calcium, dietary/ supplementary Calcium channel a2-d ligands, for neuropathic pain, 84–85, 84t Calcium channel blocking drugs, 454–455t for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for angina, 356 for arrhythmias, 377, 379t atrial fibrillation, 386 supraventricular tachycardia, 379t, 382 for cardiomyopathy, 415 in heart failure, 405, 453 for hypertension, 442t, 453, 454–455t, 457–458, 457f, 458t in combination regimen, 457–458, 457f, 458t in diabetes, 442t, 458, 1203 during pregnancy, 802 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t lower extremity edema caused by, 33, 34 for myocardial infarction, 371, 376 overdose/toxicity of, 453, 454t, 1563, 1576 pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f for Raynaud phenomenon, 837, 839 for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 Calcium chloride. See Calcium, dietary/ supplementary Calcium citrate. See Calcium, dietary/ supplementary Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA), for lead poisoning, 933, 1582 Calcium gluconate. See also Calcium, dietary/supplementary for calcium channel blocker overdose, 1576 for hydrofluoric acid burns, 1571 for hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism/ tetany, 882, 1137 Calcium nephrolithiasis, 946, 947, 948–949 hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria/ hyperparathyroidism and, 947t, 948, 1139, 1141 hypercitraturia and, 949
index hyperoxaluria and, 949 hyperuricosuria and, 948–949 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 Calcium polycarbophil, 572t. See also Fiber, dietary Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (pseudogout), 809, 814, 816–817 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Calcium-sensing receptor, 881 mutations in gene for, 878t, 881 in hypercalcemia, 878t, 1142 in hypocalcemia, 878t, 882 in hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136 Calcium-stimulated angiography, in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240–1241 Calculus formation. See specific type or structure or organ affected Calderol. See Calcifediol Calendar method of contraception, 775 Caliciviruses, gastroenteritis caused by, 1295t, 1404–1405 California encephalitis, 1378–1380 California flea rickettsiosis, 1409t Callosities of feet or toes, 141 in diabetes/vascular disorders, 141, 1224 Caloric testing in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 in Ménière syndrome, 210 Calorie requirements, in nutritional support, 1271–1272 Calorie restriction, in obesity management, 14, 1260 Calorimetry, for energy expenditure measurement, 1272 Calprotectin, in Crohn disease, 642 Calretinin, in mesothelioma, 1602 Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis, 1453 CAM. See Confusion assessment method Cameron erosions/lesions, 586, 617 Campath. See Alemtuzumab Camphor/menthol preparations, 94, 98t Camptosar. See Irinotecan Campylobacter, 1299t, 1449 diarrhea/gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1449 Guillain-Barré syndrome and, 1024 fetus subsp fetus, 1449 jejuni, 1295t, 1297, 1299t, 1449 Campylobacter-like organisms, 1449 Canalicular plugs, for dry eye, 166 Canasa. See Mesalamine Canavan disease, prenatal testing for, 783 Cancer, 1593–1663. See also specific type and under Malignant back pain in, 1683 cognitive disorders/delirium and, 1087t complications of, 1644–1648 DIC in, 545, 546 early detection/screening tests for, 15–16, 15t effusions associated with, 1645–1646 emergencies associated with, 1644–1648
Epstein-Barr virus infection and, 1363 etiology of, 1593, 1594t exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 fever/FUO and, 1276, 1277, 1596t HIV infection/AIDS and, 1319, 1320t, 1322, 1331–1332 hypercalcemia associated with, 883, 884, 1141, 1596t, 1646–1647. See also Hypercalcemia hyperuricemia associated with, 1647– 1648 allopurinol for, 1647, 1658t rasburicase for, 1647, 1658t incidence/risk/mortality of, 1593–1594, 1594t obesity and, 13, 1259, 1594 infectious complications of, 994, 1279, 1648 lipid abnormalities associated with, 1248t neuropathies associated with, 1024, 1596t nonmetastatic neurologic complications of, 994–995, 1024 oral contraceptive use and, 722, 770, 772 paraneoplastic syndromes and, 1594–1595, 1596t pericarditis associated with, 419, 420 pleural effusions in (malignant pleural effusions), 314, 314t, 315, 1645, 1645–1646 polymyositis/dermatomyositis and, 840, 841, 864, 1596t prevention of, 15–17, 15t. See also Cancer, early detection/ screening tests for chemoprevention and, 11, 15 in women, 1708–1710 prognosis for, 1663 radiation exposure and, 1555, 1594 rheumatic manifestations of, 864–865 SIADH and, 873, 873t, 1596t smoking/smoking cessation and, 6, 15, 1593 spinal cord compression and, 993, 1644–1645 staging of, 1594 stem cell transplants for, 532–534 treatment of, 1648–1663. See also Chemotherapy; Radiation therapy tumor lysis syndrome and, 1647–1648 venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and, 301t, 1596t Cancidas. See Caspofungin Cancuas. See Caspofungin Candesartan, 451t for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 451t with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t for migraine prophylaxis, 964t Candida (candidiasis), 1529–1531 albicans, 225, 1529 in diabetes, 1228 disseminated, 132, 1529–1530, 1530 endocarditis in, 1530 esophageal, 598, 1529, 1530, 1542
CMDT 2013
1771
in HIV infection/AIDS, 598, 1325, 1329, 1338t, 1530 glabrata, 1530 hepatic, 701 hepatosplenic, 1530 in HIV infection/AIDS, 131, 132, 225– 226, 226, 226f, 598, 1325, 1331, 1337, 1338t, 1529 invasive, 132, 1529–1530, 1541, 1542 krusei, 1530 mucocutaneous/mucosal, 131–132, 131f, 1529, 1530 nail infection and, 131, 131f, 132, 157 non-albicans, 132, 752, 1530 oral (thrush), 131, 131f, 225–226, 226f esophagitis and, 598, 1529 in HIV infection/AIDS, 131, 225–226, 226, 226f, 1325, 1328–1329, 1337 osteomyelitis caused by, 862–863 parapsilosis, 1292, 1530 pharyngeal, 1419–1420 prevention of, 1337 resistant strains of, 1530 tinea cruris differentiated from, 112 in urine, 1529, 1530 vulvovaginal, 132, 751, 751f, 752–753, 1529, 1530 in diabetes, 1197, 1197t, 1228 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1337, 1338t rape/sexual assault and, 1291 Candida antigen, for wart removal, 141 Candidal funguria (candiduria), 1529, 1530 Candidemia, 132, 1530, 1542 Canker sore (aphthous ulcer), 227, 227f in Behçet syndrome, 853 in Crohn disease, 641 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569. See also Dronabinol in pain management, 85 synthetic, amphetamine-like reactions and, 1572 Cannabis sativa, 1084–1085. See also Marijuana Cannon A waves in AV junctional rhythm, 390 palpitations and, 31 CAP. See Community-acquired pneumonia CAPD. See Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Capecitabine, 1651t for breast cancer, 738, 741 for colorectal cancer, 1625 for pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 Capillariasis, 578 Capillary angiomas, in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 Caplan syndrome, 309 Capoten. See Captopril Capozide. See Captopril, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide CAPRA nomogram, for prostate cancer assessment, 1637, 1637t, 1638t
1772
CMDT 2013
Caprelsa. See Vandetanib Capsaicin for anogenital pruritus, 146–147 for neuropathic itch, 94 for osteoarthritis, 812 for painful diabetic neuropathy, 1225 for postherpetic neuralgia, 120, 968, 1359 Capsule imaging/endoscopy in colon polyp identification, 653 in Crohn disease, 642 in GI bleeding, 585 obscure bleeding and, 586 Captopril, 450t for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 449, 450t in diabetics, 1202, 1224 with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 for myocardial infarction, 371 Car accidents. See Automobile accidents Car driving by patients with dementia, 62, 1010 by patients with syncope/ventricular tachycardia/aborted sudden death, 397–398 by suicidal patients, 1065 Carac. See Fluorouracil Carbamate poisoning, 1587 Carbamazepine, 972, 973t, 1074–1075, 1722t. See also Anticonvulsant therapy for aggressive/violent patient, 1078 for alcohol withdrawal, 1083 for bipolar disease/mania, 1074–1075 breastfeeding and, 782t for dementia-associated behavior problems, 1089 for neuropathic pain, 1021 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1074–1075, 1569t, 1573 hemodialysis for, 1568t, 1574 for personality disorder, 1053 during pregnancy and, 803, 1075 for seizures, 972, 973t Carbapenems, allergy to, penicillin allergy cross-reactivity and, 1306 Carbaryl poisoning, 1587 Carbidopa, 999 Carbidopa/levodopa, 999 with entacapone, 999, 1000 Carbimazole, for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1114 Carbohydrate deficient transferrin, alcohol use/abuse and, 1081 Carbohydrates, dietary. See also Highcarbohydrate diet; Lowcarbohydrate diets in diabetic diet, 1204, 1205 glycemic index of, 1205 for hypoglycemia, 1222 for islet cell tumors/insulinomas, 1241 malabsorption of diarrhea and, 578 flatus and, 573 in porphyria, 1022, 1664 Carbon dioxide increased production of, respiratory failure and, 320t partial pressure of. See Paco2; Pco2 reference values for, 1728t venous, 889. See also Bicarbonate
index Carbon dioxide laser therapy for CIN, 756 for wart removal/condylomata acuminata, 140, 753 Carbon monoxide, diffusing capacity for (DlCO). See Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide poisoning, 307, 1566t, 1569t, 1576–1577 dyspnea in, 25, 1576 headache in, 41, 1576 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 177 renal tubular acidosis caused by, 892 Carboplatin, 1650t as cisplatin substitute, 1662 for lung cancer, 1599 for testicular cancer, 1643 toxicity of, 1650t Carboxyhemoglobin levels in carbon monoxide poisoning, 307, 1576 reference values for, 1728t Carbuncles, 151–152, 1421t, 1425, 1425f Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in breast cancer, 727 in colorectal cancer, 1624, 1626 reference values for, 1728t in thyroid cancer, 1128 Carcinoid heart disease, 428 pulmonary valve regurgitation and, 348 tricuspid stenosis and, 346 Carcinoid syndrome, 291, 1172, 1621 Carcinoid tumors, 1612t bronchial, 291 gastric, 1619, 1621 intestinal, 1620–1621 in MEN, 1188t, 1619 pancreatic, 1172 pernicious anemia gastritis and, 610, 1619 Carcinoma in situ of breast, 730, 733, 733t of cervix, 756, 757 of vulva, 760 Carcinomatosis lymphangitic, 1601 peritoneal, 588, 590 Carcinomatous meningitis (leptomeningeal metastases), 992, 1287 Card agglutination test (CATT), in African trypanosomiasis, 1485 Cardene/Cardene SR. See Nicardipine Cardiac amyloidosis, 531. See also Cardiomyopathy, amyloid Cardiac angiography. See Angiography/ arteriography, cardiac/ coronary Cardiac arrhythmias. See Arrhythmias Cardiac asthma, 243 Cardiac biomarkers/enzymes in acute MI (STEMI), 360, 366 in infectious myocarditis, 410 in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes, 360, 361 in women, 1707
Cardiac calcinosis, 427 in cor pulmonale, 426 Cardiac catheterization in acute coronary syndromes, 364, 364t in aortic stenosis, 342 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in cardiomyopathy, 412t, 414 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in coronary artery disease, 354 in heart failure, 400 in myocardial infarction, 364t, 371 in patent ductus arteriosus, 333 in pulmonary stenosis, 326 in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, 413 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in ventricular septal defect, 330 Cardiac cirrhosis, 687 Cardiac dysrhythmias. See Arrhythmias Cardiac failure acute, 399, 407–409 congestive, 398–409, 399f. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Cardiac friction rub. See also Pericardial friction rub in chest pain evaluation, 29 Cardiac glycosides. See Digitalis/digitalis glycosides Cardiac index in myocardial infarction, 367t in shock, 367t, 487 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac Cardiac murmurs. See Heart murmurs Cardiac output acute kidney injury and, 903 in aortic stenosis, 342 in pregnancy, 802 in shock liver, 699 Cardiac risk assessment in postinfarction management, 375 preoperative, 46–50, 47t, 48f, 48t Cardiac Risk Index, Revised, 46, 47t Cardiac rupture, 428 Cardiac-specific markers (cardiac enzymes). See Cardiac biomarkers Cardiac tamponade. See Tamponade Cardiac transplantation, for heart failure, 406 Cardiac trauma, 428–429 sudden death of athlete and, 431 Cardiac tumors, 426–427 Cardiac valves. See also Prosthetic heart valves; Valve replacement; Valvular heart disease endocarditis affecting, 338, 1435, 1437. See also Endocarditis in systemic disease, 427, 428 Cardiobacterium hominis. See HACEK organisms Cardioembolism stroke and, 982 transient ischemic attacks and, 977, 978–979 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, 399, 407–409 perioperative, 49
index Cardiogenic shock, 367t, 368, 374, 485, 485t, 486, 487, 487–488, 489 in infectious myocarditis, 410 Cardiogenic syncope, 396 Cardiomegaly in heart failure, 400 in hypothyroidism (myxedema heart), 1106 Cardiomyopathy, 411–417, 412t, 416f adenovirus infection and, 1402 amyloid, 415, 416–417, 417, 427, 531 catecholamine-induced. See Cardiomyopathy, TakoTsubo cirrhotic, 687 coxsackieviruses causing, 1406 in diabetes, 1227 dilated, 411–413, 412t genetic factors in, 411, 414 heart failure and, 398, 411, 411–412, 412–413 heart murmurs in, 337t, 411–412, 414 in hyperthyroidism, 1112, 1118 hypertrophic/hypertrophic obstructive, 412t, 414–415, 416f sudden death and, 414, 415 of athlete, 414, 431, 432 infectious myocarditis and, 410, 411 infiltrative, 427 ischemic, 398 mitral regurgitation and, 339, 340, 412, 415 palpitations and, 31 in pregnancy dilated (peripartum cardiomyopathy/heart failure), 429–430, 802, 803 hypertrophic constrictive, 415 prolactin causing, 429, 1103 restrictive, 412t, 415–417 constrictive pericarditis differentiated from, 416, 422 Tako-Tsubo (stress/catecholamineinduced), 411, 413 myocardial infarction mimicked by, 365 pheochromocytoma and, 1169, 1170 trastuzumab causing, 737 ventricular arrhythmias in, 391, 411, 412, 414 Cardiomyoplasty, for heart failure, 406 Cardiomyotomy, Heller, for achalasia, 605 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in electrical injury, 1553 for hypothermia, 1544 in near drowning, 1556 orders regarding in end-of-life care, 89–90 Cardiorenal syndrome, 908 Cardiotoxicity anthracycline, 411, 1662 dexrazoxane for, 1658t, 1662 antiarrhythmics causing, 1588 antidepressants causing, 1591 Cardiovascular disorders. See also under Cardiac; Coronary; Myocardial and Heart disease; Stroke adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 195–196t in athletes, screening for, 431–432
in Chagas disease, 1486 chemoprevention in, 7t, 11 chronic kidney disease/uremia and, 908, 909t, 910, 911–912, 911f cocaine abuse and, 360, 365, 1085 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors) and, 76, 608 in diabetes mellitus, 356, 1197, 1227–1228 glycemic control and, 203, 356, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 hypertension control and, 356, 443, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 in women, 1707 estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1182 homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia/ homocystinuria and, 1668–1669 in hypercalcemia, 1139 hypertension/hypertension control and, 10–11, 433, 434, 439, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 in hyperthyroidism, 1112, 1114, 1118–1119 in hypothyroidism, 1108 immobility/bed rest and, 65 lipid disorders and, 8–10 in Lyme disease, 419, 1479, 1481–1482, 1482t in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167, 1168t, 1169, 1170 pregnancy and, 429–431, 802–803 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46–50, 47t, 48f, 48t prevention of, 5–11, 7t abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in, 6, 7t, 473 chemoprevention/aspirin use and, 7t, 11, 1253 in women, 1707 cholesterol screening and, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 exercise/activity and, 7t, 12–13 hypertension prevention/ management and, 7t, 10–11, 439, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 lipid disorder prevention/ management and, 7t, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t. See also Lipidlowering therapy smoking/smoking cessation and, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t in women, 1249t, 1251, 1706–1707 radiation causing, 1554 syphilis and, 1304t, 1464, 1471, 1471f in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187, 1187t Cardiovascular system abnormal development of, hypertension and, 435–436 thiamine deficiency affecting, 1264
CMDT 2013
1773
Cardioversion electrical for atrial fibrillation, 385, 386, 387 in hyperthyroidism, 1118 infarct-related, 372 rate control compared with, 387–388 for atrial flutter, 389 in hypothermia, 1454 for supraventricular tachycardia, 382 for ventricular arrhythmias/ tachycardia/fibrillation, 391 infarct-related, 373 pharmacologic for atrial fibrillation, 387–388 for atrial flutter, 389 transesophageal echocardiographyguided, for atrial fibrillation, 386 Cardioverter defibrillator, implantable. See Implantable cardioverter defibrillator Carditis, rheumatic, 417, 417–418, 418 Cardizem. See Diltiazem Cardura/Cardura XL. See Doxazosin Caregiver issues in care of elderly, 58–59 terminally ill/dying patient and, 88, 88t Carey-Coombs murmur, in rheumatic carditis, 417 Carisoprodol, overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 Carmol, 98t Carney complex/syndrome, 426, 1190 acromegaly and, 1100 Cushing syndrome and, 1158 thyroid cancer and, 1123 b-Carotene/carotenoids in chemoprevention, 11 excess intake of, 1267 Carotid angioplasty, 470 Carotid artery dissection headache and, 41, 966 retinal artery occlusion and, 183 Carotid artery occlusive disease (carotid stenosis/insufficiency), 469–470 headache associated with, 966 recurrent, 470 retinal artery occlusion and, 183, 469 stroke/transient ischemic attacks caused by, 469–470, 977, 978, 980t, 981 postoperative stroke and, 54 transient monocular blindness and, 184, 469, 981 Carotid bruits, 469 postoperative stroke and, 54 Carotid endarterectomy/ thromboendarterectomy, 470 prophylactic, 469 preoperative, 54 transient monocular blindness and, 184 stroke as complication of, 469–470 for transient ischemic attacks and stroke, 469, 470, 978 Carotid insufficiency. See Carotid artery occlusive disease Carotid pulse in cardiomyopathy, 414 in heart failure, 399
1774
CMDT 2013
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity, syncope in, 397 Carotid sinus massage/pressure for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 382 in syncope evaluation, 397 Carotid stenosis. See Carotid artery occlusive disease Carotid stenting, 470 Carpal compression test, 824, 1689, 1689t Carpal spasm. See Trousseau sign Carpal tunnel syndrome, 823–824, 1688–1689, 1689t in acromegaly/gigantism, 1101 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 Carrier (genetic) for acute intermittent porphyria, 1664 for alkaptonuria, 1665 for cystic fibrosis, 267 for fragile X mental retardation, 1667 for G6PD deficiency, 502 for Gaucher disease, 1668 for hemophilia, 549 for hypophosphatasia, 1150 for sickle cell disease, 504, 505t, 799 for thalassemia, 494t, 495 Carrier state (infection) in amebiasis, 1503 in furunculosis, 151 in giardiasis, 1509 in group B streptococcal infection, 784–785, 804 in hepatitis B, 674 maternal, 667, 669, 806 in hepatitis C, 670, 677 maternal, 783, 806 in meningococcal meningitis, 1442 staphylococcal, 1425 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 impetigo and, 123 nasal vestibulitis and, 217 surgical site infection associated with, 55–56, 1284 in trench fever, 1454 in trichomoniasis, 1510 in typhoid fever, 1446 Carteolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Cartia. See Diltiazem Carvedilol, 447t for esophageal varices, prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604 for heart failure, 403 for hypertension, 446, 447t for myocardial infarction, 370, 376 Cascara, 571, 572t Case management, in heart failure, 406 Casodex. See Bicalutamide Caspofungin, 1541t, 1542 for aspergillosis, 1538 for candidiasis, 598, 1530 for mucormycosis, 1538 CaSR. See Calcium-sensing receptor Castleman disease, 1277, 1367 Castration, for breast cancer in male, 746 Casts, urinary. See Urinary casts Cat bites, 1288–1290 cat-scratch disease and, 1454 rabies and, 1376
index Cat exposure/feces bacillary angiomatosis and, 1331 tinea corporis/circinata and, 110 toxoplasmosis and, 1334, 1500, 1502 Cat-flea typhus, 1414 Cat fleas. See Fleas Cat hookworm, cutaneous larva migrans caused by, 1523 Cat roundworm (T cati), 1523 Cat-scratch disease, 1454 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335 lymphadenitis/lymphadenopathy in, 483, 1454 Cataflam. See Diclofenac Catamenial asthma, 243 Catamenial pneumothorax, 316 Cataplexy, 1077 Catapres/Catapres TTS. See Clonidine Cataract, 179 diabetic, 1223 hypoparathyroidism and, 1136 quetiapine use and, 1057 Cataract surgery, 179 a-blocker use and, 179, 959 for angle-closure glaucoma, 175 Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, 835, 836 Catatonic schizophrenia, 1053, 1058 Catatonic syndrome (catatonia), 1055, 1058 neuroleptic-induced, 1055, 1061 Catcher’s mitt hand, 825 Catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, for parkinsonism, 1000 Catecholamine myocarditis, pheochromocytoma and, 1169, 1170 Catecholamines factors affecting assays for, 1167, 1169t reference values for, 1728t Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and, 413 tumors secreting diabetes and, 1196 pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 438, 1166, 1167 b-Catenin, hepatocellular adenoma and, 702 Caterpillars, skin lesions caused by, 149 Cathartics abuse of in bulimia nervosa, 1263 for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 Cathepsin-D cleavage product, in cardiomyopathy of pregnancy, 429 Catheter ablation techniques, for arrhythmias, 380 accessory pathway/preexcitation syndromes, 380, 383–384 atrial fibrillation, 380, 388 atrial flutter, 380, 389 supraventricular tachycardia, 380, 382–383, 383–384 ventricular premature beats, 380, 390 ventricular tachycardia, 380, 391 Catheterization bladder/urinary. See Bladder catheterization cardiac. See Cardiac catheterization Catheters/intravenous lines
in burn care, 1550 candidiasis and, 1529, 1530 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1427–1428 GI bleeding and, 581 health care-associated infection and, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1284–1285, 1305 for parenteral nutritional support, 1271 complications and, 1274 thrombophlebitis/septic phlebitis and, 480, 1302t CATT (card agglutination test), in African trypanosomiasis, 1485 Cauda equina syndrome/tumor, back pain caused by, 819, 820, 1683, 1684 Cauliflower ear (auricular hematoma), 199 Caustic/corrosive agents acids, 1571–1572 alkalies, 1572 esophageal injury caused by, 599, 1566, 1571, 1572 eye injury caused by, 194, 1566, 1571, 1572 skin injury caused by, 1566, 1571, 1572 Cauterization, for CIN, 756 Cavernoma, portal, 699, 700 Cavernous hemangioma, of liver, 701 Cavernous sinus thrombosis, bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216 Cbir 1 antibodies, in Crohn disease, 642 CCFA (Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America), 641 CCLE. See Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus CCNU. See Lomustine CCP antibodies, in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 CCPD. See Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis Ccr. See Creatinine clearance CCR5 co-receptor in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 in West Nile virus, 1380 CCR5 co-receptor antagonist, for HIV infection/AIDS, 1346 CD markers. See also specific marker in hematologic neoplasia acute leukemia, 520 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 hairy cell leukemia, 523 CD2, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 CD3 antibodies, in new-onset type 1 diabetes, 1202 CD4/CD8 cell ratio, in sarcoidosis, 296 CD4 lymphopenia syndrome, idiopathic, 1382 CD4 T cells in HIV infection/AIDS, 1319, 1322, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1324t absolute count, 1319, 1323f, 1324, 1324t antiretroviral therapy initiation/ monitoring and, 1324, 1340 CMV infection and, 187, 1364
index immune reconstitution and, 1333 MAC infections and, 1337, 1458, 1459 opportunistic infection/course of disease and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1334t, 1336, 1339, 1349 percentage of, 1319, 1324, 1324t Pneumocystis pneumonia and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1326, 1337, 1339, 1534, 1535 syphilis and, 1473 HTLV infection of, 1383 reference values for, 1728t CD5 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ mantle cell lymphoma, 522 CD7, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 CD8 cells, HTLV infection of, 1383 CD10, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 CD11c, in hairy cell leukemia, 523 CD13, in acute myeloid leukemia, 520 CD19 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ mantle cell lymphoma, 522 CD20 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 520 in hairy cell leukemia, 523 in mantle cell lymphoma, 522 CD22, in hairy cell leukemia, 523 CD23, in mantle cell lymphoma, 522 CD25, in hairy cell leukemia, 523 CD33, in acute myeloid leukemia, 520 CD34, in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 937 CD38, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 CD55 deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501, 502 CD56, in nasal/paranasal lymphoma, 223 CD59 deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501, 502 CD103, in hairy cell leukemia, 523 CD117, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1619, 1622 CD123, in hairy cell leukemia, 523 CdA. See Cladribine CDH-1 mutation, gastric cancer and, 1616 CDKAL1 gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 CDKN2A gene pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 in type 2 diabetes, 1194 CDKN2B gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 CEA. See Carcinoembryonic antigen Cecostomy, for acute colonic pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 629 Cecum, dilation of, in colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628 CEE. See Conjugated equine estrogens Cefazolin for endocarditis, 1438–1439, 1438t for ophthalmic disorders, 168t
Cefdinir, for pharyngitis, 1420 Cefepime for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Cefotaxime for Lyme disease, 1482 for pneumonia, 273t Cefpodoxime for pharyngitis, 1420 for pneumonia, 273t Ceftaroline, for staphylococcal skin infections, 1426 Ceftazidime for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455t for pneumonia, 264, 277t Ceftin. See Cefuroxime Ceftriaxone for anaerobic infections, 1455, 1455t for endocarditis, 1437, 1438, 1439 for Lyme disease, 1481, 1482 for pneumonia, 273t, 277t for syphilis, 1467, 1468t for urinary tract infection, 940t Cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil for Lyme disease, 1481, 1482 for pharyngitis, 229 for pneumonia, 273t Ceiroarthropathy/cheiropathy, diabetic, 839, 1228 Celebrex. See Celecoxib Celecoxib, 76, 77t, 611. See also Coxibs cardiovascular complications and, 76, 608, 612 for familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 gastritis and, 608 for gout, 814 for osteoarthritis of knee, 1702 for pain management, 76, 77t peptic ulcers/peptic ulcer prevention and, 611–612 for rheumatoid arthritis, 828 Celexa. See Citalopram Celiac disease/sprue (gluten enteropathy), 621–623 dermatitis herpetiformis and, 123, 622 hypothyroidism/Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and, 1106, 1120, 1121 microscopic colitis and, 650 osteoporosis and, 622, 1145 pancreatitis and, 711 Celiac plexus block, for pain management, 85 Cell-mediated (delayed/type IV) hypersensitivity, 866 Cell-mediated (cellular) immunity infections associated with defects in, 1279 Epstein-Barr virus, 1363 Cell surface antigens, immune cell. See under CD Cellophane tape test, in enterobiasis/ pinworms, 1520 Cellulitis, 136–138, 137f, 1303t, 1421t anaerobic, 1456 of auricle, 199 in chronic venous insufficiency, 137, 481
CMDT 2013
1775
deep vein thrombosis differentiated from, 137 in drug users, 1292 leg ulcers and, 137, 154 lymphangitis/lymphadenitis and, 483, 1303t lymphedema and, 484 necrotizing fasciitis differentiated from, 137 non-clostridial crepitant, 1456 orbital, 191–192 in bacterial rhinosinusitis, 191, 216 peritonsillar, 229–230 sublingual/submaxillary space (Ludwig angina), 230, 230–231 superficial (erysipelas), 136, 137f, 1303t, 1420–1421, 1421t synergistic necrotizing, 1456 tinea pedis and, 112, 137 vibrios causing, 1448–1449 Cellulose phosphate, for absorptive hypercalciuria, 948 Cenesthetic hallucinations. See also Hallucinations in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Cenestin, 1184 Centor criteria, for streptococcal pharyngitis, 228, 229, 1419 Central alveolar hypoventilation, 318 Central cord syndrome, 989, 1018 Central nervous system disorders. See also Neurologic disorders adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t infections, 1285–1288, 1286t. See also Encephalitis; Meningitis anaerobic, 1455 otitis media and, 205 primary angiitis, 854 Central nervous system lymphoma, primary, 525 Central neurogenic hyperventilation, in coma or stupor, 318, 1014 Central pontine myelinolysis, hyponatremia treatment and, 874 Central retinal artery occlusion, 183–184 Central retinal vein occlusion, 181–182 Central sleep apnea, 318 Central vein nutritional support (total parenteral nutrition/ hyperalimentation), 1271, 1271f acidosis caused by, 893, 1274t in burn injury, 1552 catheter-associated complications and, 1274 complications of, 1274–1275, 1274t in Crohn disease, 642, 643 diabetic patient and, 1229 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 patient monitoring during, 1275 in short bowel syndrome, 626 solutions for, 1273, 1273t, 1274 for ulcerative colitis, 648 Central venous catheters infection/infection prevention and, 1274, 1284, 1285 in shock management, 486–487 superficial thrombophlebitis and, 480
1776
CMDT 2013
Central venous pressure, in shock, 486, 486–487 Centruroides (scorpion) stings, 1590 Cephalexin for endocarditis, 1438t for impetigo, 123 for urinary tract infection, 939, 940t Cephalosporins allergy to, penicillin allergy crossreactivity and, 1306 nephrotoxicity of, 904 for pharyngitis, 229, 1420 Cephalothin, platelet function affected by, 549t CEPI test, 1733t Ceratopic, 99t Cercariae/metacercariae in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis, 1513 in fascioliasis, 1512 in fasciolopsiasis, 1513 in paragonimiasis, 1513 in schistosomiasis, 1511 Cercarial dermatitis, in schistosomiasis, 1511 Cerclage for incompetent cervix, 789 for preterm birth prevention, 796 Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations, 987 Cerebellar artery obstruction, in stroke, 981, 981–982 Cerebellar degeneration paraneoplastic, 994, 1596t vertigo in, 210t, 212 Cerebellar hemorrhage, stroke and, 984 Cerebellar tonsils, herniation of, intracranial tumors causing, 989 Cerebellar tumors, 991 hemangioblastoma, 990t, 991 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 983, 984 Cerebral aneurysm. See Intracranial aneurysm Cerebral angiography/arteriography. See also Neuroimaging in arteriovenous malformations, 987 in brain death determination, 1015 in carotid occlusive disease, 469 in headache evaluation, 42 in intracranial aneurysm, 985, 986 in intracranial mass lesions, 991 in primary angiitis of central nervous system, 854 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 Cerebral arteriovenous malformations, 987, 987–988 Cerebral artery occlusion, in stroke, 981 Cerebral contusions/lacerations, 1017t Cerebral edema in hepatic encephalopathy, 690 high-altitude, 1558–1559 hypernatremia treatment and, 876 in liver failure, 673 in stroke, 982 Cerebral hemorrhage. See Intracerebral hemorrhage Cerebral hypoperfusion, arrhythmias causing, seizures differentiated from, 971
index Cerebral infarction/ischemia, 980t, 981–983. See also Stroke coma or stupor caused by, 982, 1015 Cerebral injury, 1016, 1017t in near drowning, 1556 Cerebral ischemia. See Cerebral infarction; Transient ischemic attacks Cerebral lymphoma, 990t in HIV infection/AIDS, 990t, 992–993, 1327, 1332, 1338t Cerebral malaria, 1491 Cerebral metastases, 992 Cerebral salt wasting, 871f, 872, 874 Cerebral sparganosis, 1517 Cerebral toxoplasmosis, in HIV infection/ AIDS, 993, 1327, 1501, 1502. See also Toxoplasma Cerebritis, lupus, 834 Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in African trypanosomiasis, 1485 in amebic encephalitis/ meningoencephalitis, 1505–1506, 1506 in angiostrongyliasis, 1522 in anthrax, 1432 in arbovirus encephalitides, 1379 in CNS infections, 1286t, 1287 in CNS lymphoma, 1327 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1382 in cryptococcosis, 1536 in cysticercosis, 1515 in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (angiostrongyliasis), 1522 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 in headache evaluation, 42 in herpes simplex encephalitis/ meningitis, 1352, 1355 in leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis), 992 in listeriosis, 1434 in lymphocytic choriomeningitis, 1381 in meningitis, 1286t, 1287 in meningococcal meningitis, 1441 in multiple sclerosis, 1011 in neuroborreliosis, 1480, 1481 normal, 1286t in pneumococcal meningitis, 1424 in poliomyelitis, 1373 in purulent/bacterial meningitis, 1286–1287, 1286t in rabies, 1376 in spinal tumors, 993 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 in syphilis, 1469, 1472, 1472–1473, 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335, 1468, 1473 indications for, 1472–1473 treatment failure and, 1468, 1473 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 in tuberculous meningitis, 1459 Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, in head injury, 1016 Cerebrovascular accident. See Stroke Cerebrovascular disorders cancer-related, 994–995 headache in, 41, 966
hypertensive, 439, 440, 443 occlusive, 469–470. See also Stroke; Transient ischemic attacks homocysteine/ hyperhomocysteinemia in, 1668–1669 oral contraceptive use and, 770 Certolizumab, 830 for inflammatory bowel disease, 640 Crohn disease, 644–645 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 Cerubidine. See Daunorubicin Ceruloplasmin reference values for, 1729t in Wilson disease, 697 Cerumen impaction, 198, 200 Ceruminous gland adenoma, 201 Cervarix. See Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Cervical band, 1031, 1032 Cervical canal stenosis, 1686 Cervical cap, 775 Cervical carcinoma. See Cervix (uterine), cancer of Cervical collar, for neck pain, 818, 1029, 1687 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN/ dysplasia of cervix), 754–756, 754f, 754t carcinoma of cervix and, 754, 755, 756 cytologic (Pap smear) testing for, 754t, 755 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 HPV tests in screening for, 755, 1332 HPV vaccination in prevention of, 4, 755–756 oral contraceptive use and, 772 Cervical lymphadenopathy, reactive, 240 Cervical mucus/secretions, evaluation of in symptothermal natural family planning, 775 in TwoDay method of contraception, 776 Cervical musculotendinous strain, acute, 817–818 Cervical radiculopathy, 1686 Cervical rib syndrome, 818, 819, 1031–1032 Cervical spine/disk disease, 818, 1029, 1030–1031f, 1686–1687, 1687t. See also Spine arthritic/degenerative, 818, 1686 chest pain/discomfort in, 355 herniation/protrusion, 818, 1029, 1030–1031f, 1686 neck pain in, 818, 1029, 1030–1031f, 1686–1687, 1687t vertigo and, 211–212 Cervical spondylosis, 818, 1029 Cervical vertigo, 211–212 Cervical warts, 752. See also Venereal (genital) warts Cervicitis chlamydial, 1461–1462 gonococcal, 1452 postgonococcal, 1453 Cervicocolpopexy, for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Cervicofacial actinomycosis, 1456, 1457
index Cervix (uterine) anaerobic flora/infection of, 1455–1456 biopsy of in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747 in CIN/cervical cancer, 754, 755, 757 cancer of, 756–757, 1611t HIV infection/AIDS and, 1332 HPV infection and, 755, 1332, 1709 screening tests for, 755, 1332, 1709 vaccine in prevention of, 4, 755–756, 757, 1709 invasive, 754t, 757 oral contraceptive use and, 772 preinvasive (carcinoma in situ/CIN), 754, 755, 756, 757 prevention of/screening for, 15t, 16, 754t, 755, 1332, 1709 cauterization of, for CIN, 756 conization of, for CIN/cervical cancer, 756, 757 dysplasia (CIN) of, 754–756, 754f, 754t. See also Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incompetent, 788 cerclage/activity restriction for, 789 polyps of, 753 stenosis of, pain and, 750 Cesarean delivery for cardiac patient, 431, 803 placenta previa and, 797 for prevention of disease transmission to fetus/newborn herpes genitalis, 806, 1355 HIV, 805, 1321 Cestode infections, 1514–1517. See also specific type invasive, 1515–1517 noninvasive, 1514–1515 Cetilistat, for obesity, 1261 Cetirizine, 99 for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 218, 219 breastfeeding and, 782t for urticaria, 133 Cetuximab, 1653t for colorectal cancer, 1625 for laryngeal cancer, 237 for lung cancer, 1600 for Ménétrier disease (hypertrophic gastropathy), 610 CFTR. See Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein CgA. See Chromogranin A CH50 (complement) in gonococcal arthritis, 860 reference values for, 1729t CHADS2 Risk Score, 385t, 386 CHADS-VASC score, 386 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), 1486–1487 achalasia and, 605 Chagoma, 1486 Chalazion, 163, 163f Chalkstick fractures, bisphosphonates causing, 1147 Chancre differential diagnosis of, 1467 syphilitic, 1464, 1465, 1465f
anal/anorectal, 658, 658–659, 1465 trypanosomal, 1484 Chancroid, 1453 Channelopathies, periodic paralysis, 1036 Charcoal, activated, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 repeat-dose, 1568 Charcot joint (neurogenic arthropathy), 865 in diabetes mellitus, 865, 1224–1225 in tabes dorsalis, 865, 1472, 1472f Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 1021–1022 Charcot triad, 706 CHD. See Coronary heart disease Cheese. See Dairy products Cheilitis, angular candidiasis and, 225, 226f, 1329 in HIV infection/AIDS, 226f, 1329 Chelation therapy. See also specific type adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for arsenic poisoning, 1575 for heavy metal poisoning, 1566t for hemochromatosis/iron poisoning/ overload, 696, 1581 for lead poisoning, 933, 1582 for mercury poisoning, 1583 for Wilson disease, 697 Chemical injury acids causing, 1571–1572 alkalies causing, 1572 of esophagus, 599, 1571, 1572 of eye (conjunctivitis/keratitis), 194, 1571, 1572 of lung, 311, 1571 aspiration and, 308 smoke inhalation and, 307 Chemical warfare agents. See also Bioterrorism nerve agents, 1587 skin decontamination and, 1566, 1587 Chemiluminescence (CIA) assay, in syphilis, 1466t, 1467 Chemo brain, 744 Chemoembolization, transarterial, for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Chemoinfusion, transarterial, for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Chemokine co-receptors, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 Chemoprevention/chemoprophylaxis, 11. See also specific agent antibiotic/antimicrobial. See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis for cancer, 11, 15 breast cancer and, 15, 723, 733, 736, 1708 colorectal cancer and, 11, 1623 prostate cancer and, 959–960 for cardiovascular disease, 7t, 11 in women, 1707 for cluster headache, 965 for migraine headache, 964–965, 964t for stress gastritis, 608 for venous thromboembolic disease, 301, 555–556, 556t, 557t, 558t Chemoprotection, ototoxic, 207
CMDT 2013
1777
Chemoradiation therapy for bladder cancer, 1639, 1640 for breast cancer, 739 for colorectal cancer, 1624, 1625, 1626 for esophageal cancer, 1614 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 for laryngeal cancer, 237 Chemoreceptor trigger zone, 566, 567t Chemosclerosis, for malignant effusions, 1646 Chemosis in allergic eye disease, 167 in dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1112 Chemotherapy (cancer), 1610–1612t, 1648–1663, 1650–1657t, 1658–1659t, 1659t. See also specific agent and cancer type adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after, 532, 533 cancers responsive to, 1610–1612t dosages/modifications of agents used in, 1649–1663, 1650–1657t, 1659t fever and, 1302t hyperuricemia/tumor lysis syndrome and, 1647 leukemia caused by, 519 myocarditis and, 411 nausea and vomiting caused by, 567t, 1659–1660 neurologic disorders associated with, 994–995, 1661, 1662 neutropenia caused by, 510, 1302t, 1649 infections and, 1279, 1302t, 1648 ototoxicity and, 207 with radiation therapy. See Chemoradiation therapy supportive agents/care and, 1658–1659t thrombocytopenia and, 540, 547t, 1649–1659 toxicity of agents used in, 1649–1663, 1650–1657t, 1658–1659t ophthalmic effects and, 197t Chen sign, 325 Chenodeoxycholic acid, for cholelithiasis/ gallstones, 704 Chest pain/discomfort, 28–30, 28t, 360–361, 606–607 in acute coronary syndromes, 28, 29, 360 in angina, 28, 29, 351–352 alteration in before myocardial infarction, 365 coronary vasospasm causing, 351, 360 Prinzmetal (variant), 360 in aortic dissection, 29, 355, 477 in aortic stenosis/regurgitation, 28, 344 cardiac trauma and, 428 in cardiomyopathy, 414 in cervical/thoracic spine disease, 355 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 dyspnea and, 24, 29, 355 in esophageal disorders, 29, 355, 594, 598, 605, 606 achalasia, 605 GERD, 355, 594, 606 infectious esophagitis, 598 motility disorders, 355, 606 pill-induced esophagitis, 598
1778
CMDT 2013
Chest pain/discomfort (Cont.): ischemic, 28. See also Acute coronary syndromes; Angina in myocardial infarction, 28, 28t, 29, 365 reperfusion assessment and, 370 in myocarditis, 409, 410 noncardiac, 30, 355, 594, 605, 606, 606–607. See also Chest pain/ discomfort, in esophageal disorders palpitations and, 31 in panic disorders, 30, 1041 in pericarditis, 28, 29, 419 pleuritic (pleuritis), 28–29, 28t, 313 in epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease), 1406 in pericarditis, 419 in thoracic actinomycosis, 1457 in pneumothorax, 316, 355 psychologic causes of, 30, 607 in pulmonary embolism, 28, 29, 29–30, 298, 298t, 355 in pulmonary hypertension, 305 in thoracic outlet syndrome, 355 visceral sensitivity causing, 606–607 Chest pain observation units, 361 Chest percussion in bronchiectasis, 266 in chronic bronchitis, 264 in cystic fibrosis, 268 Chest tube drainage (tube thoracostomy) for empyema, 279 for hemothorax, 316 for malignant effusions, 1646 for parapneumonic effusion, 315–316 for pneumothorax, 317 Chest wall breast cancer recurrence in, 744 disorders of, chest pain/discomfort in, 29, 606 anterior chest wall/Tietze syndrome, 355 respiratory failure caused by disorders of, 320t Cheyne-Stokes respiration, in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 CHF. See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Chibroxin. See Norfloxacin Chickenpox. See Varicella Chiggers scrub typhus transmitted by, 1411 skin lesions caused by, 149 Chikungunya fever, 1356t, 1392–1393 Chilblain (erythema pernio), 1545 Child abuse aggression/violence/impulse control disorders and, 1078 incest, 1050 Munchausen by proxy and, 1046 pedophilia, 1049–1050 PTSD and, 1039 Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification for cirrhosis, 691, 692t hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 postoperative complications and, 52 variceal hemorrhage and, 602, 604 Childbirth preparation classes, 784 Children
index antidepressant use/suicidality and, 1067 fever/FUO in, 1276 immunization recommendations for, 1307 injury prevention and, 17 pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas in, 1168t seizures in, 969 Chimera, allogeneic stem cell transplantation producing, 533 Chinese liver fluke infection, 1513 Chiropractic manipulation for back pain, 818, 1684 for neck pain, 1687 Chlamydia (chlamydial infections), 1301t, 1461–1463. See also Chlamydophila cough in, 23 diarrhea caused by, 574t dysuria in, 43 gonococcal coinfection and, 1453, 1462 inclusion conjunctivitis, 166 keratoconjunctivitis, 165–166 screening for, 1462 in STD patients, 1291 in women, 1711 trachoma, 165–166 trachomatis, 1301t, 1461, 1461–1462 anorectal involvement and, 659, 1461 epididymitis, 944, 945, 1303t, 1462 lymphogranuloma venereum, 659, 1461 pelvic infection/PID, 763, 1301t, 1304t, 1461–1462 pregnancy and, 784, 806, 1462 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 778, 1291 urethritis and cervicitis, 1301t, 1303t, 1461–1462 Chlamydophila, 1461. See also Chlamydia pneumoniae, 1301t, 1461, 1462–1463 pneumonia caused by, 1303t, 1462–1463 psittaci, 1301t, 1461, 1462 Chloasma (melasma), 155, 156 oral contraceptive use and, 155, 773 Chloral hydrate, 1042t Chlorambucil, 1651t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 Chloramphenicol adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Chlordane poisoning, 1587 Chlordiazepoxide, 1042t overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 Chlorguanide. See Proguanil Chloride in fluid management, 897t reference values for, 1729t requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 serum levels of, in hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 884 transport of, defects of in cystic fibrosis, 267 urinary, in metabolic alkalosis, 894 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine. See Cladribine
Chloromethyl methyl ether, lung cancer caused by, 311, 1595 Chlorophenothane (DDT) poisoning, 1587 Chloroquine, 1492t, 1494, 1494t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t arrhythmias caused by, 1588 erythrovirus (parvovirus)-associated anemia and, 1402–1403 for lupus, 115 for malaria, 1492t, 1494, 1494t for chemoprophylaxis, 1494, 1498, 1498t for non-falciparum malaria, 1492, 1494, 1494t in pregnancy, 787 resistance to, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1494t for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, 1493, 1494, 1494t rabies vaccination affected by, 1315, 1378 Chlorpheniramine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 218–219 Chlorpromazine, 1055, 1056t, 1057t. See also Antipsychotic drugs overdose/toxicity of, 1057t, 1574 for serotonin syndrome, 1565, 1585, 1592 Chlorpropamide, 1206t, 1207 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t intensive therapy with, 1203 Chlorthalidone for heart failure, 401 for hypertension, 445t, 446 with clonidine, 456t in diabetes, 1227 Chokes, 1557 Cholangiocarcinoma, 1603, 1606, 1607 in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis, 1513, 1606 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 710 Cholangiography. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography Cholangiopancreatography. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Cholangiopathy, AIDS, 1364, 1507 Cholangitis autoimmune, 693 biliary stricture and, 708 choledocholithiasis and, 706–708 drugs/toxins causing, 683 liver abscess and, 700 during pregnancy, 807 primary sclerosing, 709–710 cholangiocarcinoma and, 710 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 pyogenic, 707 Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 1149. See also Vitamin D in hypercalcemia, 883, 884, 1141–1142, 1151 for hypoparathyroidism, 1137t for vitamin D deficiency/osteomalacia, 1151
index Cholecystectomy for cholecystitis, 704, 705 for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707, 708 for cholelithiasis/gallstones, 703–704 cirrhosis and, 702 for gallbladder cancer, 1607 pancreatitis and, 714 for precholecystectomy syndrome, 706 pregnancy and, 704, 807 symptom persistence after (postcholecystectomy syndrome), 706 Cholecystitis, 703t, 704–705, 1302t acalculous, 704 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t acute, 703t, 704–705 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703, 704, 705 chronic, 703t, 705 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 during pregnancy, 807 xanthogranulomatous, 705 Cholecystostomy, 705 pancreatitis and, 714 Choledocholithiasis, 703t, 706–708 pancreatitis and, 703t, 707 during pregnancy, 807 Cholelithiasis (gallstones), 702–704, 703t cholecystitis and, 703, 704, 705 choledocholithiasis (bile duct stones) and, 706 in Crohn disease, 641 gallbladder cancer and, 1606 in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 pancreatitis and, 711 during pregnancy, 703, 704, 807 in short bowel syndrome, 625 in sickle cell anemia, 503, 702 Cholera, 1300t, 1448 prevention/immunization and, 1314–1315, 1448 Cholestasis, 662 in biliary cirrhosis, 693 drugs/toxins causing, 683 in hepatitis, 666 hereditary/intrahepatic, 662, 663t of pregnancy, 663t, 807 Cholestatic jaundice, 662, 663t antipsychotic drugs causing, 1059 Cholesteatoma, 204, 204f Cholesterol, 1246. See also specific lipoprotein and Lipoproteins in atherogenesis/cardiovascular/ coronary heart disease, 350, 1245–1246, 1246 in diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201, 1205, 1227 dietary, 1269 elevated levels of. See also Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid disorders isotretinoin use and, 127 screening tests for, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t cardiovascular disease prevention and, 7t, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t
in older adults, 1251–1252 in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 estrogen replacement affecting, 1182 in gallstones, 702, 703 lowering levels of. See Lipid-lowering therapy protease inhibitors affecting, 1344 reference values for, 1246, 1729t thiazolidinedione therapy and, 1209–1210 Cholesterol-lowering diet, 1250, 1252, 1269 in diabetes, 1205 in nephrotic syndrome, 928 Cholesterolosis of gallbladder, 703t, 705 Cholestyramine for diarrhea, 580 in Crohn disease, 643 in short bowel syndrome, 625 for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 807 for lipid modification, 1253, 1255t vitamin D affected by, 1149 Choline magnesium salicylate, 77t Cholinergic rebound, 1069 Cholinergic syndrome, 1568 Cholinergic urticaria, 133 Cholinesterase inhibitors. See Anticholinesterases Chondritis, 199. See also Polychondritis Chondrocalcinosis, 816–817 Chondroitin/chondroitin plus glucosamine sulfate, in osteoarthritis, 812, 1702 Chordae tendineae in Marfan syndrome, 1670 in mitral regurgitation, 339 in mitral stenosis, 337 in mitral valve prolapse, 340, 341 rupture of, 339, 340, 1670 Chorea, 1002 drug-induced, 1004 in Huntington disease, 1001, 1002 Sydenham, 418, 1002 Chorioamnionitis, 798 Choriocarcinoma, 791–792, 1611t. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease hyperthyroidism and, 791, 1112, 1596t paraneoplastic syndrome associated with, 1596t testicular, 1642 Choriomeningitis, lymphocytic, 1380–1381 Chorionic gonadotropin. See Human chorionic gonadotropin Chorionic villus sampling, 783, 784 Chorioretinitis, toxoplasmic, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1501 Choroidal angioma, in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 Choroidal circulation, hypertension affecting (hypertensive retinochoroidopathy), 186, 440, 440f Choroidal neovascularization, in agerelated macular degeneration, 181 Chromoblastomycosis (chromomycosis), 1540
CMDT 2013
1779
Chromoendoscopy, in ulcerative colitis, 649 Chromogranin A (CgA) in carcinoid tumors, 1621 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pheochromocytomas, 1167 Chronic bronchitis. See Bronchitis Chronic cluster headache, 965 Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 114–115 Chronic disease anemia of, 492, 493–494 mood disorders and, 1064 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 38–40, 39f fibromyalgia and, 822–823 Q fever, 1416 Chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, 1025–1026 Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 898, 908– 918, 909t, 910f, 910t, 911f, 912f. See also Renal failure acid-base disorders and, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 914 alkalosis in alkali administration and, 895 anemia in, 493, 898, 911f, 913 cardiorenal syndrome and, 908 cardiovascular disorders and, 908, 909t, 911–912, 911f coagulopathy of, 913 complications of, 911–914, 911f, 912f congestive heart failure and, 400, 910t, 912 diabetes and, 908, 910, 914, 927, 931, 1223–1224. See also Diabetic nephropathy dietary management in, 914–915 drug/medication use and, 915 endocrine disorders and, 914 gout and, 812, 813, 816, 936–937 hematologic complications and, 913 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 926 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 883, 910t, 912, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1143–1144 hyperkalemia and, 879, 911, 911f, 913–914 hypermagnesemia and, 888 hyperphosphatemia in, 886, 902, 905, 911f, 912, 912–913, 912f hypertension/hypertension management and, 433, 439, 442t, 458–459, 908, 910, 910t, 911, 911f hypocalcemia and, 882, 912, 912f hypoglycemia and, 910, 914, 1222 hypomagnesemia treatment and, 888 hyponatremia in, 874 immunization recommendations in, 1309t lipid abnormalities and, 1248t metabolic bone disorders of (renal osteodystrophy), 912–913, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1144 in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 937 neurologic complications of, 909t, 910, 914 neuropathy associated with, 909t, 914, 1022–1023
1780
CMDT 2013
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (Cont.): pericarditis and (uremic pericarditis), 419, 420, 910, 912 protein-restricted diet for, 914–915, 1269 reversible causes of, 910, 910t in SLE, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 slowing progression of, 914 stages of, 908, 909t urinalysis in, 910 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 521–523, 1610t stem cell transplantation for, 523, 533 Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. See Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic/autoimmune) thyroiditis Chronic mountain sickness (Monge disease), 1559 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 511t, 515–517, 1610t bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 517, 533 Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 517 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 259–265, 260t acidosis in, 261, 264, 896 atrial flutter in, 261, 264, 389 cor pulmonale and, 261, 264, 426 cough in, 21, 22, 23, 260, 260t dyspnea in, 24, 24t, 25, 26, 260, 260t, 264, 265 hypophosphatemia and, 885 immunization recommendations in, 261, 1309t postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50, 51 pulmonary function tests in, 260–261, 260t pulmonary hypertension and, 305, 424 respiratory failure in, 261, 264 smoking and, 6, 259, 261 surgery for, 264–265 Chronic pain disorders, 1047–1049, 1048f. See also Pain opioids in management of, 79, 1049 Chronic pelvic pain in female, 1714–1716 in male (nonbacterial prostatitis), 942t, 943–944 Chronic prolymphocytic leukemia, 522 Chronic renal failure, 898, 908–918, 909t, 910f, 910t, 911f, 912f. See also Chronic kidney disease Chronic venous insufficiency. See Venous insufficiency/stasis Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic angiitis and granulomatosis), 306 leukotriene modifiers for asthma and, 253 pulmonary involvement in, 306 renal involvement in, 919t, 921f, 924 Chvostek sign in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136 malabsorption and, 621t Chylomicronemia. See Hyperchylomicronemia
index Chylous ascites, 588, 591, 1645 Chylous pleural effusion, 314, 1645 CIA assay, in syphilis, 1466t, 1467 Cialis. See Tadalafil Cicatricial alopecia, 156 Ciclopirox, 98t Cidofovir, 1353t for CMV infection, 187, 1353t, 1365 for herpes simplex infection, 1352 for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 234 Cigarette/cigar smoking. See Smoking Ciguatera poisoning, 1589, 1589t Cilostazol, for transient ischemic attacks, 979 Ciloxan. See Ciprofloxacin Cimetidine, 613. See also H2 receptor blocking drugs antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t for scombroid poisoning, 1589 Cimex lectularius bites, 149 CIN. See Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Cinacalcet for hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 884, 1143, 1144 for metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 for parathyroid carcinoma, 1143, 1144 for parathyroid hyperplasia, 1143 Cingulotomy, for OCD, 1044 Cipro. See Ciprofloxacin Ciprofibrate, 1254 Ciprofloxacin. See also Fluoroquinolones for anthrax, 1432, 1433t breastfeeding and, 782t for Crohn disease, 642, 644 for cyclosporiasis, 1508 for folliculitis, 130 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pneumonia, 273, 273t, 277t for urinary tract infection, 940t Circadian rhythm asthma symptoms and, 246 sleep and, 1075 Circadian rhythm dysfunction, in seasonal affective disorder, 1063 Circulation assessment/support in burn injury, 1550 in comatose patient, 1563 Circumcision, HIV infection risk and, 1333 Cirrhosis, 686–692, 692t alcoholic liver disease/hepatitis and, 680, 681, 682, 687 autoimmune hepatitis and, 679 biliary, 687, 692–694 cardiac, 687 cholecystectomy and, 702 coagulopathy and, 553 drugs/toxins causing, 683 Dupuytren contracture and, 686, 824 esophageal varices in, 581, 601, 602, 604, 687. See also Esophageal varices prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604
GI bleeding in, 581, 601, 602, 687 hemochromatosis and, 687, 695 hyponatremia in, 873 Laennec, 686 lipid abnormalities and, 1248t liver cancer and, 682, 685, 687, 1603, 1604, 1605 lower extremity edema and, 33–34 methotrexate toxicity and, 829 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684, 685, 687 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 685, 1603 portal hypertension and, 601, 688 postoperative complications and, 52 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and, 589, 689 viral hepatitis and, 668, 670, 671, 672, 674, 675, 676, 678, 687 Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, 687 CIS. See Clinically isolated syndrome Cisapride, antidepressant drug interactions and, 1068, 1071t Cisplatin, 1650t, 1662 for bladder cancer, 1640 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 for laryngeal cancer, 237 for lung cancer, 1599, 1600 for testicular cancer, 1643 toxicity of, 1650t, 1662 amifostine for, 1658t, 1662 ophthalmic, 197t ototoxicity, 207, 1662 Citalopram, 1067, 1070t in elderly, 63 overdose toxicity of, 1067, 1070t, 1591–1592 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 Citracal (calcium citrate). See Calcium, dietary/supplementary Citrate, in hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 Civamide, for cluster headache prophylaxis, 965 CJD. See Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CK. See Conductive keratoplasty; Creatine kinase CK-MB. See Creatine kinase-MB CKD. See Chronic kidney disease CKD-EPI formula, for GFR estimation, 901 Cl¯. See Chloride Cladophialophora/Cladophialophora carrionii chromoblastomycosis caused by, 1540 phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541 Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine), 1651t for hairy cell leukemia, 524 Clarithromycin. See also Macrolides for anthrax, 1433t for endocarditis, 1438t in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614, 614t for MAC treatment/prophylaxis, 1337, 1338t, 1458, 1459 for pneumonia, 273, 273t Claudication acute arterial limb occlusion and, 468 in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464
index in femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 465, 466 jaw (masticatory), in giant cell arteritis, 846 neurogenic, in spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 peripheral artery aneurysms and, 476 spinal stenosis/disk herniation and, 822, 1685 Clcr. See Creatinine clearance Clean-catch urine specimen, for dysuria evaluation, 43 Cleaning agents, poisoning caused by. See Caustic/corrosive agents Clear liquid diet, 1268 Clemastine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 Cleocin T. See Clindamycin Clevidipine, for hypertensive urgencies/ emergencies, 462t, 463 Cleviprex. See Clevidipine Clicks. See also Heart murmurs in aortic stenosis, 342 in mitral valve prolapse, 340, 341 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348 Climacteric, 1181. See also Menopause Climara/Climara Pro, 1183, 1184 Clindamycin for acne, 97t, 127 for anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection, 278–279, 1455 for anthrax, 1433t for bacterial vaginosis, 753 with benzoyl peroxide, 97t for endocarditis, 1438t for malaria, 1494t, 1497 for Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1534, 1535 for rosacea, 129 for toxoplasmosis, 1338t, 1502 Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), multiple sclerosis and, 1011 Clinician–patient relationship. See Doctor–patient relationship Clinoril. See Sulindac Clitocybe (muscarine) mushroom poisoning, 1586t CLL. See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Clobetasol, 96t Clock draw, in dementia screening, 60, 1007 Clocortolone, 96t Cloderm. See Clocortolone Clofarabine, 1651t Clofazimine, for leprosy, 1460 Clolar. See Clofarabine Clomiphene for male infertility, 1097 for ovulation induction, 769, 1097, 1163 Clomipramine, 1068, 1070t. See also Antidepressants for OCD, 1044, 1068 Clonazepam, 973t, 1042t, 1043. See also Benzodiazepines for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 for burning mouth syndrome, 226 for panic attacks, 1043, 1044 for seizures, 973t
for sleep disorders, 1077 Clonic seizures, 970. See also Seizures Clonidine, 456t for alcohol withdrawal, 1082–1083 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for diarrhea, 580 in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 for heroin/opioid withdrawal, 1084 for hypertension, 453, 456t with chlorthalidone, 456t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 for menopausal symptoms, 780 overdose/toxicity of, 456t, 462t, 1577 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Clonorchis sinensis (clonorchiasis), 1513 cholangiocarcinoma and, 1513, 1606 Clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 361–363, 362t for angina, 356 for atrial fibrillation, 386 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 371, 376 peptic ulcer disease and, 615, 616 platelet function affected by, 549t proton pump inhibitor interaction/ coadministration and, 370, 616 for transient ischemic attacks, 979 Clorazepate, 1042, 1042t Clorpres. See Clonidine, for hypertension, with chlorthalidone Clostridium (clostridial infections), 1300t, 1428–1431 bifermentans, 1428 botulinum (botulism), 1033–1034, 1294t, 1430–1431 difficile, colitis/diarrhea caused by, 574t, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t histolyticum, 1428 myonecrosis/gas gangrene, 1300t, 1428–1429 novyi, 1428 perfringens, 1428 diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t postabortion endometritis caused by, 777, 1429 ramosum, 1428 sordellii/endometritis/toxic shock, 777, 1429 tetani, 1300t, 1429. See also Tetanus Clothing (flame) burns, electrical, 1552 Clotrimazole, 97t for oral candidiasis, 226, 1329 for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 752, 752–753, 1530 Clotting factors. See Coagulation factors Clotting time, activated (ACT), reference values for, 1727t Clozapine, 1055, 1056, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs agranulocytosis caused by, 1000, 1056, 1059 diabetes and, 1057, 1059, 1060t
CMDT 2013
1781
neuroleptic malignant syndrome and, 1060 overdose/toxicity of, 1000, 1056, 1057, 1057t, 1059, 1059–1060, 1060t in parkinsonism, 1000 Clozaril. See Clozapine Clubbed fingers (digital clubbing), 157, 158f in bronchiectasis, 266 in lung cancer, 1597 Clue cells, in bacterial vaginosis, 752, 752f Cluster headache, 962, 965 Clusters of differentiation. See CD markers CMF regimen, for breast cancer, 736–737 CML. See Chronic myeloid leukemia CMML. See Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia CMV. See Controlled mechanical ventilation CMV disease. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease CMV immune globulin, 1365–1366 CMV inclusion disease, 1364 CO2 laser therapy. See Carbon dioxide laser therapy Coagulase-negative staphylococci, 1427–1428 endocarditis caused by, 1428, 1435, 1439 Coagulation disorders, 549–554. See also Bleeding; Coagulopathy; Disseminated intravascular coagulation Coagulation factors. See also specific type under Factor for anticoagulant overdose, 1573 deficiencies/defects of in acquired coagulation disorders, 553, 554 in congenital coagulation disorders, 549, 550, 551, 552 in liver disease, 553 transfusion and, 537 Coagulative necrosis techniques, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Coagulopathy, 549–554. See also specific type and Bleeding acquired disorders causing, 553–554 cancer-related, 1596t of chronic kidney disease, 913 congenital disorders causing, 549–553, 550t, 552t consumptive (DIC), 545–546, 546t, 554. See also Disseminated intravascular coagulation in gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444 of liver disease, 553–554 in cirrhosis, 553, 690–691 liver failure and, 672 variceal hemorrhage and. See Esophageal varices preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 47t, 52, 53t Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, 309, 309t Coapsys system, for mitral valve prolapse, 341
1782
CMDT 2013
Coarctation of aorta, 326–327 hypertension and, 326, 327, 438 in Turner syndrome, 1186 Coartem (artemether-lumefantrine/ Riamet), 1492t, 1493t, 1494t, 1496, 1497 Cobalamin. See Vitamin B12 Cocaine. See also Cocaine abuse toxicity and, 1085, 1572–1573 cardiac, 360, 365, 410–411, 1085 Cocaine abuse, 18, 1085–1086, 1572–1573 desipramine for, 1068 epistaxis and, 220, 1085 heroin abuse and, 1083 in hypertensive emergency, 461t myocardial ischemia/infarction/ myocarditis and, 360, 365, 410–411, 1085 during pregnancy, 783 psychotic behavior caused by, 1055, 1085, 1086 pulmonary disorders caused by, 311 rhabdomyolysis and, 844 Coccidioides immitis/posadasii (coccidioidomycosis), 1532–1533 bone and joint infection in, 863, 1532 in HIV infection/AIDS, prophylaxis of, 1337, 1532, 1533 Coccidiosis, 1505–1508. See also specific causative organism Cochlea hearing loss caused by disorders of, 198, 199, 206–208. See also Sensory hearing loss noise trauma affecting, 207 recruitment/hyperacusis caused by disorders of, 208 tinnitus caused by disorders of, 208 Cochlear implants, 199 Cochlear otosclerosis, 205 Cockcroft-Gault formula, 900 Codeine, 79 with aspirin or acetaminophen, 79, 83t for diarrhea, 580 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 in pain management, 79, 83t Coffee grounds emesis/aspirate in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 607 in GI bleeding, 580, 581, 584, 617 in peptic ulcer disease, 617 Cogan syndrome, 208 Cogentin. See Benztropine Cognitive ability estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1182, 1183 impairment in. See Cognitive disorders Cognitive behavior therapy. See also Behavior modification for anxiety disorders, 1044 for chronic fatigue syndrome, 40 for depression, 1072 in elderly, 63 for insomnia, 1076 for irritable bowel syndrome, 636 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1062 for Tourette syndrome, 1005
index Cognitive disorders, 59–63, 1005–1010, 1008t, 1087–1089, 1087t. See also specific type and Delirium; Dementia assessment of, 60, 1006–1007, 1087–1088 breast cancer treatment and, 744 decision-making capacity and, 60 delirium and, 59–60, 61, 64, 1006, 1087–1089, 1087t in elderly, 59–63, 1005–1010, 1008t hypertension and, 439 in intracranial mass lesions, 989 in migraine headache, 963 mild impairment, 60–61, 1005 postoperative, 53, 53t psychiatric disorders and, 1006 screening for, 1006–1007 seizures and, 969, 1088–1089 treatment of, 61, 1008–1009 Cognitive remediation therapy, for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1062 Coin lesion. See Solitary pulmonary nodule Coitus. See Sexual intercourse Colchicine for familial Mediterranean fever, 591 for gout, 814, 815 neuropathy/myopathy caused by, 815, 841–842 for pericarditis, 420 Cold (common cold/viral rhinosinusitis), 213–214, 1401 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 213, 214 cough in, 21 Cold agglutinin disease, 507 Waldenström macroglobulinemia and, 507, 530 Cold exposure, 1543, 1543–1546, 1544f hypothermia caused by extremities, 1545–1546 rhabdomyolysis and, 844 systemic, 1543–1545, 1544f Raynaud phenomenon and, 836, 837, 838 Cold/fever sore (herpes simplex), 118–119, 118f, 1350–1351, 1352. See also Herpes simplex infection Cold urticaria, 133 Colectomy for colorectal cancer, 1624 in familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 for GI bleeding, 585 for HNPCC, 657 prophylactic, 655 in ulcerative colitis, 649 Colesevelam for diarrhea in Crohn disease, 643 for lipid modification, 1253, 1255t Colestid. See Colestipol Colestipol for diarrhea in Crohn disease, 643 for lipid modification, 1253, 1255t Colic. See Abdominal pain/tenderness; Renal colic Colitis. See also Diarrhea amebic (intestinal amebiasis), 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1503, 1503– 1504, 1504, 1504f, 1505t
postdysenteric, 1504 severe (dysentery), 575, 1503, 1505t. See also Dysentery antibiotic-associated/C difficile, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t collagenous, 650 Crohn, 641. See also Crohn disease ischemic, 470–471, 471 lymphocytic, 650 microscopic, 574t, 578, 650 postdysenteric, 1504 pseudomembranous, 637. See also Colitis, antibiotic-associated ulcerative. See Ulcerative colitis Collagen in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 937 type I, gene mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta and, 1145 Collagen/ADP cartridge test, 1733t Collagen/epinephrine cartridge test, 1733t Collagen injections, for age-related facial changes, 1721 Collagenomas, in MEN, 1188t, 1189 Collagenous colitis, 650 Collateral ligaments of knee, 1692 injury of, 1695–1696t, 1698–1699 Colloids, for fluid management/volume replacement in shock, 487 Colography, CT (virtual colonoscopy). See Colonoscopy, virtual Colon anaerobic flora of, 1456 biopsy of, in diarrhea, 579 cancer of, 1612t. See also Colorectal cancer adjuvant therapy for, 1625 exercise affecting risk of, 12, 15 GI bleeding and, 584 surgical excision and, 1624 carcinoid tumors of, 1621 dilation of. See also Megacolon in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628 disorders of, 632–657. See also specific disorder constipation and. See Constipation diverticular, 651–652. See also Diverticulitis; Diverticulosis fecal impaction and, 572 GI bleeding and, 584 polyps of, 652–657 Colon cutoff sign, in pancreatitis, 712 Colonic inertia (slow colonic transit), constipation and, 570, 570t, 571 Colonic pseudo-obstruction acute (Ogilvie syndrome), 628–629 chronic, 629–630 Colonic transit time, 570, 571 Colonography, CT (virtual colonoscopy). See Colonoscopy, virtual Colonoscopy in amebiasis, 1504 for colon decompression in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 629 in colorectal cancer screening/ evaluation, 15t, 16, 1624, 1624f, 1626t, 1628 after surgery, 1626
index in Crohn disease, 642 in diarrhea, 579 in diverticular disease, 651 in GI bleeding diagnostic, 585 obscure bleeding and, 586 occult bleeding and, 586 therapeutic, 585 in HNPCC, 657 hyponatremia after, 872 in irritable bowel syndrome, 634 in ischemic colitis, 471 in polyp identification/removal, 653, 653–654 bleeding after, 584, 654 surveillance, 649, 654 in ulcerative colitis, 647, 649 virtual in colorectal cancer screening and evaluation/polyp identification, 16, 653, 1626t, 1628 in diverticular disease, 651, 652 Color flow Doppler ultrasound. See Echocardiography; Ultrasonography Color perception, loss of in intracranial tumors, 991 in optic neuritis, 188 Colorado tick fever, 1391–1392 Colorectal cancer, 1612t, 1622–1629 adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy for, 1624, 1625, 1625–1626 aspirin/NSAIDs in prevention of, 11, 1623 calcium supplements in prevention of, 1269–1270, 1623 chemoprevention and, 11, 1623 chemotherapy for, 1612t, 1625, 1625–1626 constipation and, 570, 571, 1623 Crohn disease and, 643, 1623 diet and, 1269, 1594, 1623 familial adenomatous polyposis/family history and, 654, 655, 1622, 1622–1623 genetic mutations associated with, 654, 655, 1622 fecal DNA assay in identification of, 653, 1626t, 1627 GI bleeding and, 584, 1623 hamartomatous polyposis syndromes and, 655 hereditary, 654–657, 1622–1623 hereditary nonpolyposis (HNPCC), 656–657, 1622 endometrial carcinoma and, 656, 657, 759 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 small intestine adenocarcinoma in, 1620 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1622, 1622–1623 inflammatory bowel disease and, 643, 1623 nonfamilial adenomatous polyps and, 653 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608
polyps/polyposis and, 653, 654, 655, 1622, 1623, 1626, 1628 prevention of/screening for, 15t, 16, 1626–1628, 1626t chemoprevention and, 11, 1623 in women, 1708 primary sclerosing cholangitis and, 710 prognosis for, 1626 staging of, 1624 surgery for, 1624–1625 follow-up after, 1626 ulcerative colitis and, 649, 1623 in women, 1708 Colorectal surgery, 1624–1625 adjuvant therapy and, 1624, 1625, 1625–1626 follow-up after, 1626 Colostomy after colorectal surgery, 1624 diverting, for rectal cancer, 1625 Colostrum, 786 Colpocleisis, for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Colpopexy, for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Colposcopy, 748t in CIN, 755, 756 Columbia-Suicide Severity Risk Scale, 1065 CoLYTE. See Polyethylene glycol Coma, 1013–1016 assessment/emergency management of, 1013–1014, 1562–1563 diabetic/hyperglycemic, 1197, 1231– 1235, 1232t. See also specific cause diabetic ketoacidosis and, 1197, 1231, 1232, 1232t, 1233 hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and, 1197, 1231, 1232t, 1236, 1237 lactic acidosis and, 1231, 1232t hypoglycemic, 1231, 1232t in poisoning/drug overdose, 1232t, 1563 hypopituitarism associated with, 1093 hypothermia and, 1014, 1015, 1544 metabolic disturbances causing, 1014, 1015. See also Metabolic encephalopathy myxedema, 1108 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1015, 1232t, 1562–1563 reversible, brain death differentiated from, 1015 in stroke, 981, 982, 1014, 1232t structural lesions causing, 1014–1015 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 984, 1014 Coma vigil (persistent vegetative state), 1016 Combigan. See Brimonidine/timolol Combination antiretroviral therapy, 1340, 1342, 1343, 1347–1348, 1348f fixed-dose preparations and, 1343, 1347, 1348f Combined pituitary hormone deficiency, 1094–1095 Combipatch, 1184 Combivir. See Zidovudine (AZT), with lamivudine Comedones, in acne, 125–126, 126–127
CMDT 2013
1783
Comfrey sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by, 698 toxicity of, 1578t Commissurotomy mitral, 338 for pulmonary stenosis, 326 Common ALL antigen, 520 Common cold. See Cold (common cold/ viral rhinosinusitis) Common duct stones. See Choledocholithiasis Common femoral artery, atherosclerotic/ occlusive disease of, 465–466 Common peroneal (fibular) nerve palsy, 1027 Common variable immunodeficiency, 868–869 Commotio cordis, 431 Communicating artery anterior, occlusion of in stroke, 981 posterior, disorders of in third nerve paralysis, 190 Community-acquired pneumonia, 270– 275, 270t, 272t, 273t, 1302t. See also Pneumonia chlamydial, 1302t, 1462–1463 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 cough in, 22, 22f, 271 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326 nosocomial pneumonia differentiated from, 275 Community-associated methicillinresistant S aureus (CA-MRSA), 5 cellulitis caused by, 137 impetigo/ecthyma caused by, 123 pneumonia caused by, 273, 273t Compartment syndrome abdominal, in burn patient, 1551 in electrical burns, 1553 Compatibility testing, for transfusion, 534 Complement. See also specific component in antibody-mediated/cytotoxic hypersensitivity, 866 in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 in familial Mediterranean fever, 591 in glomerulonephritis, 908 in gonococcal arthritis, 860 in immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, 866 immunization recommendations in deficiencies and, 1309t in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501, 502 reference values for, 1729t in SLE, 833, 834t in urticaria, 132 Complement fixation tests, in coccidioidomycosis, 1532–1533 Complera. See Rilpivirine, with tenofovir and emtricitabine Complete abortion, 788 Complete mole, 791. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease Complete (third-degree) heart block, 394, 395 in atrial septal defect, 328 in myocardial infarction, 373
1784
CMDT 2013
Complex 15, 98t Complex drug eruptions, 160–161 Complex partial seizures, 969. See also Seizures schizophrenia differentiated from, 1055 Complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), 824–825 Compliance. See Adherence/ nonadherence Compound nevi, 100, 100f Compression chambers/centers. See Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Recompression Compression fractures. See Vertebral/ compression fracture Compression neuropathy. See Entrapment/compression neuropathy; Neuropathies Compression sclerotherapy, for varicose veins, 479 Compression stockings/therapy for lymphedema, 484 for varicose veins, 479, 1720 for venous insufficiency/leg ulcers, 34, 154, 154–155, 481 for venous thromboembolic disease, 555–556, 563 Compromised host. See Immunocompromised host Compulsions, 1041. See also Obsessivecompulsive disorder Compulsive water drinking. See Psychogenic polydipsia Computed tomography (CT scans). See also specific disorder and Neuroimaging in abdominal aortic aneurysms, 473 in angina, 353–354 in aortic dissection, 477 in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in appendicitis, 630 in breast cancer, 727 cardiac, in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in carotid occlusive disease, 469 in chest pain evaluation, 29, 29–30 in colorectal cancer evaluation/ screening, 16 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in dysuria evaluation, 43–44 electron beam (EBCT) in angina, 354 in heart disease screening, 1250 in headache, 42 in hemoptysis, 27 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 in lung cancer screening, 16, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 in lung cancer staging, 1598 in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 712, 712t, 713 in peripheral artery aneurysms, 476 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168 in pulmonary embolism, 299, 300, 301f in pulmonary hypertension, 305 radiation exposure/cancer risk and, 1594
index in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917 in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 in seizure evaluation, 971 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 290 in thoracic aortic aneurysm, 475 in thyroid cancer, 1129 in urinary stone disease, 947–948 in visceral artery insufficiency, 471 Computed tomography colography/ colonography (virtual colonoscopy) in colorectal cancer screening and evaluation/polyp identification, 16, 653, 1624, 1626t, 1628 in diverticular disease, 651, 652 Computerized stereotactic guided core needle breast biopsy, 729 COMT (catecholamine-Omethyltransferase) inhibitors, for parkinsonism, 1000 Concussion, 1017t hearing loss and, 207 labyrinthine, vertigo caused by, 210t, 211 Condoms, 775, 1291 condylomata acuminata and, 753 for contraception, 775 genital herpes prevention and, 119, 1355 for gonorrhea prevention, 1452 for HIV infection/AIDS prevention, 4, 1333, 1335 for STD prevention, 1291 in women, 1711 for syphilis prevention, 1467 Conduction disturbances, 394–397. See also specific type and Arrhythmias chest pain/discomfort and, 28t in endocarditis, 1436, 1437 in hyperkalemia, 880 intraventricular, 395–396 in myocardial infarction, 373 in restrictive cardiomyopathy, 416 Conduction velocity studies in back pain evaluation, 1684 in carpal tunnel syndrome, 824, 1689 in motor neuron diseases, 1020 in neuropathies, 1020, 1021, 1022 Conductive-based cooling, for heat stroke, 1548 Conductive hearing loss, 198, 199. See also Hearing loss in chronic otitis media/cholesteatoma, 204 ossicular disruption causing, 198 in otosclerosis, 205 after trauma, 205 Conductive keratoplasty, 163 Condylomas (condylomata) acuminata (venereal/genital warts), 139, 140, 140f, 141, 752, 753 anorectal involvement and, 139, 140, 140f, 659 cervical/vaginal/vulvar, 752, 753 HPV vaccination in prevention of, 4, 140, 659, 1709 imiquimod for removal of, 140, 753
podophyllum resin for removal of, 140, 753 lata, 140, 1469, 1469f anorectal involvement and, 658–659 Conformal radiation therapy, threedimensional, for prostate cancer, 1635 Confusion, 64, 1088. See also Cognitive disorders; Delirium ECT causing, 1071 Confusion assessment method, 64 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1156, 1157, 1163 Congenital adrenal hypoplasia, 1093, 1094, 1156, 1175 Congenital afibrinogenemia, 552 Congenital heart disease, 324–333. See also specific disorder pregnancy and, 431, 802–803 Congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 1093 Congenital rubella syndrome, 1374, 1375 Congestive heart (cardiac) failure (CHF), 398–409, 399f acute failure and, 399, 407–409 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for, 401, 401–402, 449 angiotensin II receptor blockers for, 402, 449 antiarrhythmic therapy in, 405 anticoagulation therapy for, 405 in aortic regurgitation, 344, 345 in aortic stenosis, 342, 343 arrhythmias in, 400, 405 asthma/wheezing caused by (cardiac asthma), 243 atrial fibrillation and, 385, 385t, 386 in atrial septal defect, 328 b-blocker therapy in, 402–403, 446 biventricular pacing (resynchronization) for, 405–406 calcium channel blockers for, 405 cardiac transplantation for, 406 cardiomyopathy and, 398, 411, 411–412, 412–413 cardiorenal syndrome and, 908 case management in, 406 chemotherapy-induced, 1662 chronic kidney disease and, 400, 910t, 912 cirrhosis and, 687 classification of, 324, 398, 399, 399f in coarctation of aorta, 326, 327 combination therapies in management of, 405 in cor pulmonale, 425–426 in coronary heart disease syndromes, 360, 398, 406 coronary revascularization for, 406 cough in, 22, 398 in coxsackievirus myocarditis, 1406 diet in management of, 406 digitalis glycosides for, 403–404, 405 diuretic therapy for, 401 chronic kidney disease and, 912 drug management of, 401–405 dyspnea in, 25, 398, 399 edema in, 398–399, 401
index evolution/prevention/treatment of, 398, 399f exercise/activity in management of, 12–13, 406 hypertension/hypertension management and, 10–11, 398, 433, 439, 442t, 457 in hyperthyroidism, 399, 400, 1112, 1118 hyponatremia in, 873 in hypothyroidism/myxedema, 399, 400, 1108 implantable cardioverter defibrillators for, 405 in infectious myocarditis, 409, 410 liver in, 400, 699 management of, 401–406 myocardial infarction and, 365, 366, 367t, 370, 373–374, 376, 407 nonpharmacologic management of, 405–406 palliative care in, 406 in patent ductus arteriosus, 333 pleural effusion in, 314, 399 in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 positive inotropic agents for, 405 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50 in pregnancy/postpartum period (peripartum cardiomyopathy), 429, 802, 803 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 49 prognosis for, 406–407 pulmonary edema in, 399, 407–409 in pulmonary heart disease, 425–426 pulmonary hypertension and, 304, 400, 424, 425 in pulmonary stenosis, 326 refeeding in protein–energy malnutrition and, 1258 reversible causes of, correction of, 401 rheumatic fever and, 417 shock and. See Cardiogenic shock in SLE, 833 spironolactone for, 401, 402 statin therapy in, 405 surgical interventions in, 406 thiamine deficiency and, 1264 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 in toxic myocarditis, 411 in tricuspid regurgitation, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 346 vasodilator therapy for, 404 in ventricular septal defect, 330 Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, 1384–1385, 1385 Conivaptan, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875 Conization of cervix, for CIN/cervical cancer, 756, 757 Conjugated equine estrogens, 1182, 1184 Conjunctiva foreign body of, 192 lacerations of, 193 Conjunctival hemorrhage, in mononucleosis, 1361, 1361f Conjunctivitis, 164–167, 165t. See also Keratoconjunctivitis
adenovirus, 164–165, 1402 allergic, 166–167 bacterial, 165–166 chemical, 194 chlamydial, 165–166 coxsackievirus infection and, 1406 differential diagnosis of, 165t dry eyes and, 166 enterovirus 70 causing, 1407 gonococcal, 165, 1452 herpes simplex, 165 inclusion, 166, 806 in Kawasaki disease, 1417 in thyroid eye disease, 1112 viral, 164–165 Conn syndrome, 1164, 1166 Connective tissue disorders. See also specific disorder cardiac/pericardial involvement in, 427 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease and, 293 mixed/overlap syndrome, 842 pulmonary hypertension and, 424 Connexin-26 mutation, hearing loss and, 207 Consciousness in absence seizures, 970, 970t in focal seizures, 969, 970t inconsistent evidence of, in minimally conscious state, 1016 level of, in head injury, 1016 in psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure, 972, 1045 in tonic-clonic (“grand mal”) seizures, 970, 970t Constipation, 86, 570–573, 570t, 572t alarm symptoms in, 570 anogenital pruritus and, 146 in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, 1661 colorectal cancer and, 570, 571, 1623 in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 in enteric (typhoid) fever, 1445 fecal impaction and, 572–573 in irritable bowel syndrome, 633, 635 opioids causing, 79, 84, 86, 571–572 overflow incontinence and, 660 palliation of, 86 in terminally ill/dying patient, 86 Constitutional delay in growth and puberty, 1096, 1173, 1179 Constrictive bronchiolitis, 269, 270. See also Bronchiolitis Constrictive pericarditis, 422–423 cirrhosis and, 687 restrictive cardiomyopathy differentiated from, 416, 422 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 Contact dermatitis allergic, 124–125, 124f, 866 impetigo differentiated from, 123, 124 topical medications causing, 100, 124 urticaria in, 133
CMDT 2013
1785
irritant, 124, 125 photodermatitis differentiated from, 153 tinea differentiated from, 113 Contact lens cleaning solutions, toxic/ hypersensitivity reactions to, 195 Contact lenses, 162 corneal infections/ulcers/ acanthamoeba keratitis and, 162, 172, 173, 174, 1506 for orthokeratology, 163 Contact photosensitivity, 152. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity Contact ulcers, of arytenoid cartilage, 235 Contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), 1404 Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 916 Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis, 916 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) nasal for sleep apnea, 319 for snoring, 231 for near drowning, 1556 prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 for respiratory failure, 321 Continuous renal replacement therapy (continuous venovenous/ venovenous hemodiafiltration), for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567–1568 Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), 1217, 1219. See also Insulin infusion pumps Contraception, 770–777, 771–772t, 772t, 774t. See also specific method antibiotic use affecting efficacy of, 127 emergency/postcoital, 776 IUD for, 774, 776 fertility awareness and, 775–776 after gestational trophoblastic disease, 792 sickle cell disease and, 799 sterilization for, 777 Contraceptive foam/cream/film/sponge/ jelly/suppository, 775 Contraceptive injections/implants, 773 Contraceptive-related hypertension, 438, 772 Contraceptive transdermal patch, 773 Contraceptive vaginal ring, 773 Contraction alkalosis, 895 Contrast media iodinated, for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1115 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1117, 1122 nephrotoxicity/acute kidney injury and, 904–905 reactions to, 867 Contrast nephropathy, 904–905 Contrast venography, in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 300 Controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), for respiratory failure, 321
1786
CMDT 2013
Contusions cerebral, 1017t of eye, 192–193, 193f myocardial, 428 Conversion disorder (hysterical conversion), 1045, 1046 psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure and, 971–972, 1045 Convulsions. See Seizures Cooling, for hyperthermia in heat exposure syndromes, 1547, 1548, 1548–1549 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1565, 1585 Coombs test/micro-Coombs test in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 in SLE, 834t in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 CO-oximetry. See Pulse oximetry/ CO-oximetry COP. See Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Copepods in dracunculiasis, 1520–1521 in gnathostomiasis, 1522 in sparganosis, 1516 Copper accumulation of in Wilson disease, 696, 697 parenteral nutritional support and, 1272, 1274t Copper TCu380A IUD, 773–774 for emergency/postcoital contraception, 774, 776 Coprine (Coprinus) mushroom poisoning, 1586t Coprolalia, in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Coproporphyrins, in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 Cor pulmonale, 425–426 in COPD, 261, 264, 426 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 425, 426 Coral snake envenomation, 1589–1590 Cord blood, stem cells in, for transplantation, 533 Cord cavitation (syringomyelia), 1018–1019 Corditis, polypoid, 235 Cordran. See Flurandrenolide Core-binding factor leukemias, 519 Core needle (large-needle) biopsy, for breast lump evaluation, 718, 728, 728f, 729f, 1718, 1719. See also Breast, biopsy of stereotactic guided, 729 Core rewarming, for systemic hypothermia, 1544–1545 Core temperature in burn injury, maintaining, 1551 in hyperthermia/heat exposure syndromes, 35, 1548 in hypothermia, 1543, 1544 in near drowning, resuscitation efforts and, 1556 normal, 35 Coreg. See Carvedilol CoreValve prosthetic valve, 343
index Corgard. See Nadolol Corlopam. See Fenoldopam Cornea calcium precipitation in, 1139 exposure of, in dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1112 foreign body of, 192 infection of. See Keratitis; Keratoconjunctivitis trauma to, 165t abrasions, 192 keratitis and, 172 lacerations, 193, 193f ulcers of, 167–174. See also Keratitis contact lens wear and, 162, 172, 173, 174 ultraviolet burns of (ultraviolet/actinic keratitis), 194 Corneal transplantation Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmission and, 1381 rabies transmission and, 1376 Corns, of feet or toes, 141. See also Callosities Coronary angiography. See Angiography/ arteriography, cardiac/ coronary Coronary angioplasty for angina, 357–358 for myocardial infarction, 371 Coronary arteries disorders of. See also Coronary heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome, 428, 1417 in pregnancy, 431 radiation exposure causing, 1554 revascularization indications and, 356–357 sudden death and, 392 of athlete, 431, 432 systemic disease and, 427, 428 in tetralogy of Fallot, 332 traumatic injury to, 428 Coronary artery aneurysm, in Kawasaki disease, 428, 1417 Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 357 PCI compared with, 358 platelet function affected by, 549t postoperative stroke and, 53 prophylactic/preoperative, 48–49 for traumatic injuries, 428 Coronary artery disease (CAD). See Coronary heart disease Coronary artery revascularization procedures. See specific type and Revascularization procedures Coronary heart disease, 350–376. See also Acute coronary syndromes; Angina; Myocardial infarction acute coronary syndromes without ST segment elevation and, 360–365, 362t, 364t acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and, 360, 364t, 365–376, 367t, 369t. See also Myocardial infarction
angina pectoris (chronic stable) and, 351–359, 358t antihypertensive drug therapy and, 433, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 aortic stenosis and, 342, 343 cholesterol/lipoproteins in, 8, 350, 1245, 1246 screening tests for levels of, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 chronic kidney disease and, 909t, 911 in diabetes mellitus, 356, 1227 in women, 1707 heart failure and, 360, 398, 406 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332–1333, 1344 homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia in, 1668–1669 hypertension/hypertension prevention/ management and, 7t, 10–11, 433, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457, 1249t, 1250 in women, 1706 hypertriglyceridemia and, 1256 lipid disorders and, 8–10, 350, 1245– 1246, 1246 in women, 1251, 1706–1707 metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) and, 350, 351, 360 myocardial hibernation/stunning and, 351 in pregnancy, 431 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 47–49, 47t, 48f, 48t prevention of, 5–11, 7t chemoprevention/aspirin use and, 7t, 11, 1253 in women, 1707 cholesterol screening and, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 exercise/activity in, 7t, 12–13 hypertension prevention/ management and, 7t, 10–11, 433, 434, 439, 441–442, 442– 444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 lipid disorder prevention/ management and, 7t, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t. See also Lipidlowering therapy in women, 1251, 1706–1707 smoking/smoking cessation and, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t, 350 in women, 1249t, 1251, 1706–1707 revascularization procedures for, 356–358, 376. See also Revascularization procedures risk factors for, 5–6, 350–351 lipoproteins/lipid fractions and, 350, 1245, 1246, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 modification/risk reduction and, 356 sudden death and, 392
index in athletes, 431, 432 vasospasm and, 359–360 Coronary reperfusion. See Reperfusion therapy Coronary sinus atrial septal defect, 327–328 Coronary stents, 357–358, 367–368. See also Percutaneous coronary intervention subsequent perioperative risks/ management and, 48–49 Coronary vasospasm, 359–360 Coronaviruses diarrhea caused by, 1404, 1404–1405 SARS caused by, 1400 Corpus luteum cyst, 808 Corrigan pulse, 344 Corrosive agents. See Caustic/corrosive agents Corti, organ of, hearing loss caused by disorders of, 198 Cortical blindness, occipital lobe lesions causing, 991 Corticobasal degeneration, parkinsonism and, 998 Corticospinal lesions, coma or stupor caused by, 1015 Corticosteroids, 1190–1191, 1190t, 1191t. See also specific agent and disease acne/folliculitis caused by, 126, 129 for ACTH deficiency, 1096 acute, 1154, 1154–1155 Addison disease, 1157, 1158 for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), 1682 adrenocortical insufficiency caused by, 1093, 1096, 1154 adverse effects of, 639, 1190–1191 ophthalmic, 196t for alcoholic liver disease, 681 for allergic eye disease, 167, 170t for allergic rhinitis, 218 for alopecia, 157 amebiasis in patients taking, 1503 for ARDS, 323, 1399–1400 for asthma, 244f, 245t, 249f, 250, 251t, 253t, 254–255t, 255, 256, 257f, 258f exacerbation management and, 244f, 245t, 250, 255, 256, 257f, 258f inhaled, 249f, 250, 253t systemic, 244f, 245t, 249f, 250, 251t, 254–255t, 255, 256, 257f for atopic dermatitis, 104 for back pain, 821, 1686 for Bell palsy, 1028, 1355 for bronchiolitis, 270 in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for cancer-related hypercalcemia, 1647 for chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, 1025 clinical use of, 1190–1191, 1190t, 1191t for contact dermatitis, 125 for COPD, 263 Cushing syndrome caused by, 1096, 1158 for cysticercosis, 1515 depression associated with use of, 1064 for dysthyroid eye disease, 191
in erythema multiforme, 135 for exfoliative dermatitis/ erythroderma, 116 for fetal lung maturity, 794, 796 for giant cell arteritis, 183, 846, 847 for gout, 814 in transplant patient, 816 for gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444 for herpes zoster, 120 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1339 for hypopituitarism, 1096 for immune thrombocytopenia, 541, 541f infection and, 1279 for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 644 ulcerative colitis, 647, 648 in interstitial lung disease, 295 intra-articular, for osteoarthritis, 812, 1702 intranasal, 218 for lateral and medial epicondylosis, 1688 for lichen planus, 144, 224 for lichen simplex chronicus, 105 lipid abnormalities associated with use of, 1248t for lumbar disk herniation, 1686 for lupus/SLE, 114–115, 834, 835 management of patient receiving, 1191t mechanisms of action of, 1190 for minimal change disease, 928, 929 for multiple sclerosis, 1011 for myasthenia gravis, 1033 for nausea and vomiting, 86, 568t, 569 for ophthalmic disorders, 167, 170t precautions for use of, 195 osteoporosis/osteoporosis prevention and, 639, 1146, 1190, 1191 in pain management, 85 for pemphigus, 139 for pericarditis, 420 perioperative, 54, 1096 insulin requirements and, 54 for polyarteritis nodosa, 848 for polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 842 for pompholyx, 121–122 for prostate cancer, 1637t psoriasis flares and, 107, 856 for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, 107, 856 relative potencies of, 1190, 1190t for rheumatic fever/heart disease, 418 for rheumatoid arthritis, 829 rosacea exacerbated by, 100, 128 for shock, 488, 1444 for skin disorders, 94, 95–96t overuse and, 100 for smoke inhalation, 307 for spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 for spinal trauma/compression, 993, 1018, 1645 strongyloidiasis in patients taking, 1519 for sudden sensory hearing loss, 207 surgery in patients taking insulin requirements and, 54, 122 perioperative replacement and, 54
CMDT 2013
1787
topical, 94, 95–96t ophthalmic, 167, 170t overuse and, 100 for urticaria, 133–134 CORTICUS trial, in shock management, 488 Cortinarius mushroom poisoning, 1586t Cortisol, 1190. See also Corticosteroids excess of, 1158–1161. See also Cushing syndrome familial resistance to, 1160, 1166 in hypertension, 437 insufficiency of, 1094. See also Adrenocortical insufficiency acute, 1154–1155 chronic, 1155–1158. See also Addison disease in HIV infection/AIDS, 1157 mechanism of action of, 1190 salivary, in Cushing syndrome, 1159 serum levels of in ACTH deficiency, 1095 in acute adrenal insufficiency, 1154 in Addison disease, 1156 in Cushing syndrome, 1159 reference values for, 1729t tumor secreting, 1158, 1160, 1161 urine free in Cushing syndrome, 1159 reference values for, 1729t Cortisol withdrawal syndrome, 1160 Cortisone, 1190 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 1300t, 1433. See also Diphtheria jeikeium, 1300t Cosmegen. See Dactinomycin Cosmetic surgery, 1720–1721. See also Reconstructive surgery Cosopt. See Dorzolamide/timolol Cosyntropin test in adrenal insufficiency/Addison disease, 1095, 1154, 1156 adrenal vein sampling in, in aldosteronism, 1165 corticosteroid therapy in shock and, 1444 in hirsutism/virilization, 1163 Cotton dust, byssinosis caused by inhalation of, 311 Cotton wool spots in retinal artery occlusion, 183 in retinal vein occlusion, 182 in SLE, 833 Cough, 21–23, 22f, 22t angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors causing, 402, 449 in asthma, 21, 22, 22t, 244 blood production and (hemoptysis), 26–27 in Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough), 21, 22, 23, 1440 in bronchiectasis, 266 in COPD, 21, 22, 23, 260, 260t drugs causing, 312t dyspnea and, 21, 22, 24 in GERD, 22, 22t, 23, 234, 594 headache associated with, 962, 966 in heart failure, 22, 398
1788
CMDT 2013
Cough (Cont.): in lung cancer, 21–22, 1597 in pneumonia, 22, 22f anaerobic pneumonia/lung abscess, 278 community-acquired, 22, 22f, 271 postnasal drip causing, 21, 22, 22t, 23 in pulmonary embolism, 298t in tuberculosis, 280 Counterpulsation, extracorporeal, for angina, 358 COURAGE trial, 357, 358 Courvoisier law/sign, 663, 1606, 1608 Covera. See Verapamil Cowden syndrome/disease, 655, 1190 thyroid disease and, 1123, 1190 COX-1/COX-2, aspirin/NSAIDs affecting, 611 peptic ulcer disease and, 611–612, 828 COX-2 inhibitors. See Coxibs Coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors), 76, 77t, 611 aspirin coadministration and, 612, 616 cardiovascular complications associated with, 76, 608, 612, 615, 829 for familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 gastritis and, 608 for gout, 814 lithium interactions and, 1074t in pain management, 76, 77t peptic ulcers/peptic ulcer prevention and, 611–612, 616 for rheumatoid arthritis, 828, 829 Coxiella burnetii, 1409t, 1415, 1416 Coxsackievirus infections, 1405–1406 herpetic stomatitis differentiated from, 227 myocarditis, 1406 pericarditis, 419, 1406 Cozaar. See Losartan CPAP. See Continuous positive airway pressure CPPD. See Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cr. See Creatinine “Crab yaws,” 1475 Crabs (pubic lice), 148. See also Lice Crack cocaine. See Cocaine abuse Crackles (rales) in heart failure, 399 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease, 292 in pulmonary embolism, 298t CRAG (cryptococcal antigen) test, 1327, 1536 Cramps. See Dysmenorrhea; Muscle cramps Cranial arteritis. See Giant cell (temporal/ cranial) arteritis Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve) lesions. See Schwannoma, vestibular Cranial nerve palsies. See also specific type brainstem lesions causing, 190, 991 in diabetes, 1225 in head injury, 1016 in malignant external otitis, 200 ocular motor palsies and, 190
index in Paget disease of bone, 1152 in sarcoidosis, 1024 in stroke, 981 in syphilis, 1469, 1471, 1472 Craniectomy, decompressive for Arnold-Chiari malformation/ syringomyelia, 1019 in coma or stupor, 1015 in stroke, 982 Craniopharyngioma, 990t, 1096 Creatine serum, in acute coronary syndromes/ STEMI, 361 toxicity of, 1578t Creatine kinase in acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 361 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 840, 841 in psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure identification, 972 reference values for, 1729t in rhabdomyolysis, 844, 905 Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 361, 366 in infectious myocarditis, 410 reference values for, 1729t Creatinine, 900, 900t, 901 ascitic fluid, 588 serum levels of in acute kidney injury, 901, 902 in chronic kidney disease, 908, 910, 910f, 911 conditions affecting, 900, 900t in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 in glomerulonephritis, 907, 918 in hepatorenal syndrome, 689 monitoring in methotrexate therapy, 829, 1662 in nephrotic syndrome, 927 reference values for, 1729t urinary in pheochromocytoma, 1167 ratio of to urinary protein, 899. See also Proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, 908 in nephrotic syndrome, 927 Creatinine:blood urea nitrogen ratio. See Blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio Creatinine clearance, 900, 900t GFR measurement and, 900, 900t in glomerulonephritis, 908 in hepatorenal syndrome, 689 reference/normal values for, 900, 1729t Creeping eruption, 1523–1524, 1524f Crepitus, 810 Crescentic glomerulonephritis, 907, 919t, 924 CREST syndrome, 838, 839. See also Scleroderma autoantibodies in, 833t, 839 GI bleeding and, 581, 839 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 Crestor. See Rosuvastatin Cretinism, 1106, 1134. See also Hypothyroidism Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1009, 1381–1382
myoclonus in, 1004 parkinsonism and, 998 Cricothyrotomy, 238 for aerodigestive foreign body, 239 Crigler-Najjar syndrome, 662 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, 1384–1385, 1385 Critical illness acute kidney injury and, 901–902 asthma exacerbation management and, 257–259 diabetes management and, 1229, 1230 fever/health care-associated infection and, 1283, 1284 hypercalcemia and, 1142 neuropathy associated with, 1024 pneumonia, 270t, 274, 274–275 psychosis associated with, 1090 stress gastritis associated with, 607, 608 thyroid function affected in, 1096, 1107–1108 Crixivan. See Indinavir Crizotinib, 1654t for lung cancer, 1600 CroFab, for snake bites, 1590 Crohn disease, 638, 641–646. See also Inflammatory bowel disease arthritis in, 641, 858 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 641 colorectal cancer and, 643, 1623 diarrhea in, 574t, 578, 641, 643 drug therapy for, 643–645 extraintestinal manifestations of, 641 primary sclerosing cholangitis and, 709 small intestine adenocarcinoma and, 643, 1620 social support and, 641 Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA), 641 Crolom. See Cromolyn Cromolyn for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 249f, 250, 251t Cross-dressing, 1049 Cross-reactivity, in drug allergies, 1306 Cross-resistance, in antiretroviral therapy, 1345, 1347 Crossed straight leg sign, 820 Crossmatching, in blood compatibility testing, 534 for platelet transfusion, 536 Crotalid antivenin (CroFab), 1590 Croup, human parainfluenza virus causing, 1393 CRP. See C-reactive protein CRT. See Conformal radiation therapy Cruciate ligaments of knee, 1692 injury of anterior cruciate (ACL), 1693–1698, 1694–1695t posterior cruciate (PCL), 1696t, 1699–1700 Crush injuries, rhabdomyolysis/renal failure and, 844 Crusted/weeping skin lesions, 95t, 123– 125. See also specific type drying agents for, 94 Cryoglobulins/cryoglobulinemia, 851–852
index glomerulonephritis and, 851, 919t, 921f, 925 in hepatitis C, 671, 677, 851, 852, 925, 926 neuropathies and, 851, 1023 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 reference values for, 1729t Cryoprecipitate, 537 for DIC, 537, 545, 546t Cryotherapy/cryosurgery. See also Liquid nitrogen for chromoblastomycosis, 1540 for CIN/cervical cancer, 756 for fibroadenoma of breast, 719 for prostate cancer, 1636 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 for retinal detachment, 180 for tetralogy of Fallot, 332 for wart removal/condylomata acuminata, 140, 753 Cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) test, 1327, 1536 Cryptococcomas, 1536 Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans (cryptococcosis), 1536–1537 in HIV infection/AIDS, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 prophylaxis of, 1337, 1536 meningitis caused by, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/ pneumonitis (COP/ idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia/BOOP), 269, 294t, 295 Cryptogenic stroke. See Stroke Cryptorchism, 1177–1178 pseudohermaphroditism and, 1179 testicular cancer and, 1175, 1178, 1642 Cryptosporidium hominis/parvum (cryptosporidiosis), 574t, 575, 576, 579, 1293, 1330, 1505–1508 Crystal deposition arthritis, 812–817, 813f, 813t, 815t Crystalloids, for fluid management/ volume replacement in burn injuries, 1550–1551 in shock, 487 CSF analysis. See Cerebrospinal fluid analysis CSF FTA-ABS test, 1473 CSF-VDRL test, 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335 CSII. See Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion CT angiography. See Computed tomography; Helical (spiral) CT CT scans. See Computed tomography CTCL. See Cutaneous T cell lymphoma Ctx. See C-telopeptide, beta-cross-linked Cubicin. See Daptomycin Cubital tunnel, ulnar nerve lesions and, 1026 Culdocentesis in ectopic pregnancy, 790 in PID, 763 Culex mosquitoes. See Mosquitoes
Cultural issues, in end-of-life care, 90 Culture-negative endocarditis, 1436 Cultured grafts for burn wound closure, 1551 for leg ulcers, 154 Cunninghamella infection, 1538 Cup-disk ratio in chronic glaucoma, 175–176, 176f normal, 176f Cupping, optic disk, in chronic glaucoma, 175, 175–176, 176f Cupulolithiasis, vertigo associated with, 210t, 211 Curative efforts, withdrawal of, in terminally ill/dying patient, 91, 91t advance directives and, 89 CURB-65, 274 Curettage. See D&C; Endocervical curettage; Endometrial biopsy Curettage and electrodesiccation for basal cell carcinoma, 142 for squamous cell carcinoma, 143 Curvularia, phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541 Cushing disease, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161. See also Cushing syndrome Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism), 1158–1161, 1172 amenorrhea in, 1181 cancer-related, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1596t thyroid cancer and, 1128 corticosteroid-induced, 1096, 1158 hypertension and, 438 lipid abnormalities associated with, 1248t in MEN, 1189 muscle weakness and, 841, 1158 obesity in, 1158, 1160 Cutaneous anthrax, 1431, 1432, 1433 Cutaneous candidiasis, 132 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Cutaneous drug reactions, 158–161, 159– 160t Cutaneous larva migrans, 1523–1524, 1524f Cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1487, 1488, 1488f, 1489 post-kala azar, 1487–1488 Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, discoid/ subacute/chronic, 114–115 Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), 115–116 exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 Cutaneous tests. See specific type and Skin tests Cutting (self-mutilation), 1065 c-v wave in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 CVP. See Central venous pressure CXCR4 co-receptor, in HIV infection/ AIDS, 1322, 1346 Cyanide antidotes, 1566t, 1577, 1578t Cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t dyspnea in, 25 Cyanocobalamin. See Vitamin B12 Cyanokit, 1577, 1578t
CMDT 2013
1789
Cyanosis in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328, 329 digital, in Raynaud phenomenon, 836 in pulmonary embolism, 298t in ventricular septal defect, 330 Cyberknife radiosurgery for lung cancer, 1599 for pituitary adenoma, 1102, 1104, 1160 Cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody, in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 Cyclic thrombocytopenia, 540 Cyclical mastalgia, 1716 Cyclin D1, in mantle cell lymphoma, 522 Cycling, in bipolar disorder, 1064 lithium use and, 1072 Cyclocort. See Amcinonide Cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1/COX2), aspirin/NSAIDs affecting, 611 peptic ulcer disease and, 611–612, 828 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. See Coxibs Cyclophosphamide, 1650t. See also Immunosuppressive therapy for breast cancer, 736 breastfeeding and, 782t for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 for granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 850 hemorrhagic cystitis caused by, 1661 for lupus nephritis, 834, 926 for microscopic polyangiitis, 851 Cycloserine (DCS), for phobic disorder, 1044 Cyclospora cayetanensis (cyclosporiasis), 574t, 575, 576, 578, 579, 1293, 1506–1508 Cyclosporine, 1722t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for aplastic anemia, 509 hyperkalemia caused by, 879–880 nefazodone interaction and, 1068 nephrotoxicity/acute kidney injury/ graft rejection caused by, 905 for ophthalmic disorders, 166, 170t, 173 for psoriasis, 107–108 for ulcerative colitis, 648–649 Cyclothymic disorders, 1064 Cycrin. See Progesterone Cymbalta. See Duloxetine CYP. See Cytochrome P450 (CYP) system CYP17 deficiency, 1157, 1174 CYP17 inhibition, 1174 CYP17a1 inhibition, for prostate cancer, 1637t Cyproheptadine for drug-induced anorgasmia, 1067 for serotonin syndrome, 1565, 1585, 1592 for urticaria, 133 Cyproterone, for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 Cystadenocarcinoma, of liver, 702 Cystadenoma of liver, 702 pancreatic, 1608, 1609
1790
CMDT 2013
Cystathionine b-synthase deficiency, in hyperhomocysteinemia/ homocystinuria and, 1668, 1669 Cystatin C in acute tubular necrosis, 904 in GFR estimation, 901 Cystectomy, for bladder cancer, 1639 Cysteine, supplementary, for homocystinuria, 1669 Cystic fibrosis, 267–268 bronchiectasis and, 266, 267 COPD differentiated from, 261 genetic/prenatal testing for, 267, 268, 783 vas deferens absence and, 267, 955 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector therapy, 268 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, 267 genetic/prenatal testing for mutations of, 267, 268 in pancreatitis, 711, 715, 716 Cystic hydatid disease, 1516 Cystic inflammatory acne, 127–128 Cystic medial necrosis, sudden death in athlete and, 431 Cysticercosis, 1514, 1515 Cystine urinary stones, 946, 947, 949 Cystinuria, 946 Cystitis, 43–45, 44f, 939–940, 940t, 1303t in epididymitis, 944 in female, 43–45, 44f, 939, 940 hemorrhagic. See Hemorrhagic cystitis interstitial, 45, 945–946 pelvic pain and, 1715, 1716 in male, 939 Cystocele, 762 Cystometrogram, in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 957 Cystoscopy, 938 in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 957 in bladder cancer, 1639 in interstitial cystitis, 945–946 Cystourethroscopy, in bladder cancer, 1639 Cytadren. See Aminoglutethimide Cytarabine, 1651t for acute myeloid leukemia, 520 Cytarabine liposome, 1651t Cytochrome P450 (CYP) system antibodies to, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 fentanyl and, 79 hepatotoxicity and, 683 nefazodone affecting, 1068 protease inhibitors affecting, 1344 testing for biomarker variants in, 1725t Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 variants, testing for, 1725t Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 variants, testing for, 1725t Cytokeratin 8 gene, cirrhosis and, 687 Cytokines in ARDS, 322 in fever, 35 Cytolytic snake venom, 1589, 1590
index Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, 1363–1366 esophageal, 598, 1364 gastritis/diarrhea, 574t, 575, 610, 1330, 1364 in immunocompetent host, 1364, 1365 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 598, 1326, 1328, 1338t, 1364, 1365 prophylaxis of, 1280–1281, 1337, 1339, 1366 mononucleosis, 1362, 1364, 1365 perinatal/congenital, 1363–1364, 1364, 1364–1365 posttransplant, 1280–1281, 1364, 1365, 1366 prevention of, 1280–1281, 1337, 1339, 1366 retinitis, 187, 187f, 1328, 1364, 1365 screening blood for, 536 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune globulin, 1365–1366 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion disease, 1364 Cytomel. See Triiodothyronine Cytopenia, methotrexate causing, 829 Cytosar U. See Cytarabine Cytotoxic drugs. See specific agent and Chemotherapy Cytotoxic (antibody-mediated/type II) hypersensitivity, 866 Cytotoxicity assay, in antibioticassociated colitis, 637 Cytovene. See Ganciclovir Cytoxan. See Cyclophosphamide d4T. See Stavudine D antigen, in compatibility testing, 534 D&C, 748t for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 D cells, pancreatic, 1171 D-cycloserine (DCS), for phobic disorder, 1044 D-dimer fibrin anticoagulation duration and, 559 in DIC, 545 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 34, 299, 300, 301f chest pain evaluation and, 29 reference values for, 1729t D state sleep, 1075 Dabigatran, 555, 558 for atrial fibrillation, 386–387 after cardiac valve replacement surgery, 350 for transient ischemic attacks, 979 Dacarbazine, 1650t Dacogen. See Decitabine Dacryocystitis, 164 Dacryocystorhinostomy, 164 Dactinomycin, 1655t Dairy products intolerance to. See Lactose (milk) intolerance raw brucellosis and, 1449 campylobacter infection and, 1449 tick-borne encephalitis and, 1390
Dalfampridine, for multiple sclerosis, 1011 Dalfopristin/quinupristin. See Quinupristin/dalfopristin Dalmane. See Flurazepam Dalrymple sign, 1112 Dalteparin, 557t, 559t Danazol for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 breastfeeding and, 782t for endometriosis, 761 for fibrocystic condition, 719 for mastalgia, 1717 for SLE, 834 Dandruff, 109 Dantrolene for neuroleptic malignant syndrome/ malignant hyperthermia, 36, 1060, 1283, 1565, 1574 for spasticity, 1012 Dapsone for actinomycetoma, 1540 for dermatitis herpetiformis, 123 G6PD deficiency and, 503 for leprosy, 1460 methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 for P jiroveci infection, 1280, 1337t, 1339, 1534, 1535 prophylactic, 1337t for toxoplasma prophylaxis, 1337, 1502 Daptomycin for staphylococcal bacteremia, 1427 for staphylococcal skin infections, 1426 Darbepoetin alfa for anemia of chronic disease/chronic kidney disease, 493, 913 for aplastic anemia, 509 for chemotherapy-induced anemia, 1649, 1659t Darifenacin, for urinary incontinence, 68 Dark blue top tubes, 1736t Darkfield microscopic examination in leptospirosis, 1477 in non-sexually transmitted treponematoses, 1474 in syphilis, 1465 Darunavir, 1344, 1345, 1348f with ritonavir, 1342t, 1345, 1347 Dasatinib, 1654t for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 521 for chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 DASH diet, in hypertension/hypertension prevention, 441, 441t “Date-rape” drug (g-hydroxybutyrate/ GHB), 1580 Cushing syndrome and, 1158, 1160 Datril. See Acetaminophen Datura stramonium, toxicity of, 1575 Daunorubicin/daunomycin, 1653t liposomal, 1653t, 1662 toxicity of, 1653t, 1662 Daunoxome. See Liposomal daunorubicin Dawn phenomenon, 1219, 1219t DAX-1 gene mutation, in congenital adrenal hypoplasia/ hypogonadism/azoospermia, 1093, 1094, 1175
index Daypro. See Oxaprozin Daytime somnolence. See Somnolence DBE (deep breathing exercises). See Breathing exercises DC cardioversion. See Cardioversion, electrical DCC gene, in colorectal cancer, 1622 DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial), 1201 DCIS. See Ductal carcinoma in situ DCS. See D-cycloserine; Decompression sickness DDAVP. See Desmopressin ddC. See Zalcitabine ddI. See Didanosine DDT (chlorophenothane) poisoning, 1587 de Morsier syndrome (septo-optic dysplasia), 1093 De Quervain (subacute) thyroiditis, 1111, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1120, 1121, 1122 hypothyroid phase in, 1106, 1111, 1121 “Deadly quartet.” See Metabolic syndrome Deafness. See Hearing loss Death. See also End of life; Sudden death Kübler-Ross’ stages of, 91 leading causes of, 2t, 3t patient expectations about, 87–88 preventable causes of, 3t. See also Preventive care tasks after, 92–93 Death certificate, 93 Debridement, in burn care, 1551 Decerebrate posturing, 1014, 1015 Decision making, medical advance directives and, 88 determination of older patient’s capacity for, 60 self neglect and, 73 at end of life, 89 Decitabine, 1652t for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 Decompression sickness, 1557–1558 barotrauma and, 202, 1557 Decompressive craniectomy/ hemicraniectomy for Arnold-Chiari malformation/ syringomyelia, 1019 in coma or stupor, 1015 in stroke, 982 Decompressive laminectomy for Arnold-Chiari malformation/ syringomyelia, 1019 for spinal stenosis, 1685 for spinal trauma, 1018 for spinal tumors/cord compression, 993, 1645 Decongestants for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215 overdose/toxicity of, 1577 ophthalmic effects and, 195t for viral rhinosinusitis (common cold), 214 Decontamination eye, 194, 1566 for caustic/corrosive burns, 194, 1566, 1571, 1572 gastrointestinal, 1566–1568, 1568t
caustic/corrosive agent ingestion and, 1566, 1567, 1571, 1572 skin, 1566 for caustic/corrosive burns, 1566, 1571, 1572 chemical warfare agents and, 1566, 1587 Decorticate posturing, 1014, 1015 Decubitus ulcers. See Pressure ulcers De-efferented state (locked-in syndrome), 1016 Deep brain stimulation for idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 for parkinsonism, 1001 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Deep breathing exercises. See Breathing exercises Deep neck infections, 230–231 Deep sulcus sign, in pneumothorax, 317 Deep venous thrombosis, 33, 33t. See also Venous thromboembolic disease in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 835 Baker cyst differentiated from, 826 cellulitis differentiated from, 137 detection of, 33, 33t, 300 pulmonary embolism diagnosis and, 300, 301t estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1183 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 hip/knee replacement and, 555, 557t hypercoagulability and, 297 lower extremity edema and, 33, 33t, 34 prevention of, 301, 555–556, 556t, 557t, 558t pulmonary embolism and, 297, 300, 301, 301t. See also Pulmonary venous thromboembolism risk/risk stratification for, 33, 33t, 297, 297–301, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t, 555–556, 556, 556t superficial thrombophlebitis and, 480 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 treatment of anticoagulation, 301–303, 556–562, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t nonpharmacologic, 563 venous insufficiency/stasis and, 33, 33t, 34, 297, 480, 481 Deer tick virus, 1391 Deer ticks. See Ticks Defecation, dyssynergic (pelvic floor dyssynergia), 570, 570t, 571 Deferasirox, for hemochromatosis/iron toxicity, 696 Deferoxamine adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for hemochromatosis/iron toxicity, 696, 1581 Defibrillation. See Cardioversion, electrical Defibrillator cardioverter, implantable. See Implantable cardioverter defibrillator Defibrotide, for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 698
CMDT 2013
1791
Deflazacort, 1190, 1190t. See also Corticosteroids Degarelix, 1657t for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Degenerative (calcific) aortic stenosis, 333, 342, 343 Degenerative joint disease/arthritis, 809–812, 811f. See also Osteoarthritis in alkaptonuria, 1665 Dehydration calculating water deficit in, 876 in cholera, 1448 in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 diarrhea and, 576 chemotherapy-induced, 1660, 1661 in heat exposure syndromes, 1547, 1548 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236, 1237 hypernatremia and, 875, 876 enteral nutritional support and, 1273 hyperosmolar nonketotic, parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t kidney injury and, 902, 910t, 933 management of. See Fluid management/hydration metabolic alkalosis and, 895 vomiting and, 568 Dehydroemetine, for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t Dehydroepiandrosterone/ dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA/DHEAS) for adrenal insufficiency/Addison disease, 1157 for hypopituitarism and hypogonadism, 1097 prostate cancer and, 1636 serum levels of in adrenal deficiency/Addison disease, 1095, 1156 hirsutism/virilization and, 1163 reference values for, 1729t for SLE, 834 Déjà vu in focal seizures, 969 intracranial tumors causing, 990 Dejerine-Sottas disease, 1022 Delavirdine, 1342t, 1346, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Delayed adolescence/puberty. See Puberty Delayed (T-cell mediated/type IV) hypersensitivity, 866 Delirium, 64, 86–87, 1006, 1087–1089, 1087t alcohol use/abuse/withdrawal and, 1080, 1087t anticholinergic, 1568, 1575, 1583. See also Anticholinergic syndrome/effects antipsychotics causing, 1059 clinical findings in, 64, 1088 dementia and, 59–60, 61, 64, 1087t in elderly, 64 dementia and, 59–60, 61, 64, 1006 at end of life, 86–87 postoperative, 53, 53t urinary incontinence and, 67
1792
CMDT 2013
Delirium (Cont.): hospitalization/illness and, 1089, 1091 lithium-induced, 1073 palliation of, 86–87 postoperative, 53, 53t in terminally ill/dying patient, 86–87, 1088 treatment of, 64, 1088–1089 Delirium tremens, 1080 Delivery. See Labor and delivery “Delta 32” deletion, HIV infection/AIDS and, 1322 Delta agent (hepatitis D virus/HDV), 670, 672, 675, 676. See also Hepatitis D Delta sleep, 1075 Delta wave, in preexcitation syndromes, 383 Delusional disorders, 1053–1054 Delusions, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1053, 1053–1054, 1054 Demadex. See Torsemide Demeclocycline, for hyponatremia, 875 Dementia, 59–63, 1005–1010, 1008t, 1088. See also Alzheimer disease assessment of/screening for, 60, 1006– 1007 automobile driving and, 62, 1010 behavior-variant frontotemporal, 1008t behavioral problems and, 6–12, 1009, 1089 clinical findings in, 60, 1006, 1088 cognitive impairment assessment/ treatment and, 60, 61, 1006– 1007, 1008–1009, 1087–1089 decision-making capacity and, 60 delirium and, 59–60, 61, 64, 1006, 1087t depression and (pseudodementia), 59–60, 1006, 1088 differential diagnosis of, 60–61, 1007, 1008t in Down syndrome, 1666 in elderly, 59–63 estrogen replacement therapy and, 1182 frontotemporal, 1008–1009, 1008t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1327 in Huntington disease, 1001 hypertension and, 439 in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, 1009, 1382 with Lewy bodies, 59, 1008, 1008t mood disorders and, 1006, 1009 in niacin deficiency, 1265 nonpharmacologic approaches to management of, 1008–1009 psychiatric disorders and, 1006 rapidly progressive, 1009 semantic, 1008t treatment of, 61–62, 1007–1009, 1089 vascular, 59, 1008t vitamin B12 deficiency and, 60, 498, 1007 Demerol. See Meperidine Demyelinating neuropathies/ polyneuropathies, 1020. See also specific type and Neuropathies
index chronic inflammatory, 1025–1026 Guillain-Barré syndrome and, 1025 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1328 myeloma/paraproteinemias and, 1023 optic neuritis and, 188–189 Demyelination. See also Demyelinating neuropathies/ polyneuropathies in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 hypernatremia and, 875 hyponatremia complications/treatment and, 874 in multiple sclerosis, 1010 in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 1382, 1383 Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever, 1378, 1386–1388 Dengue shock syndrome, 1386, 1387 Denial, at-risk drinking and, 1081 Denial of illness, 1090, 1091 Denileukin diftitox, 1655t Denosumab for breast cancer, 739 for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1658t for osteoporosis, 1148 for prostate cancer, 1636 Dental disorders actinomycosis and, 1456 anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections and, 278 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 215 bisphosphonate use and, 11 deep neck infections and, 230 earache and, 206 facial pain caused by, 968 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 Dental procedures, endocarditis prophylaxis and, 1437, 1437t, 1438t Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, 1002 Dentition, poor. See Dental disorders Dentures, foreign body aspiration and, 238–239, 308 Deoxyribonuclease, human (rhDNase) for cystic fibrosis, 268 pleural instillation of, 316 Dependency (drug), 18–20, 1079–1086. See also specific drug and Substance use disorders in opioid therapy, 76, 1083–1084 physiologic, 1079 psychologic, 1079 Dependent personality disorder, 1052t Depersonalization, 1041 intracranial tumors causing, 990 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Depigmentation disorders, 155–156, 155f. See also Hypopigmentation DepoCyt. See Cytarabine liposome DepoEstradiol, 1184 Depression, 1062–1072 adjustment disorder with, 1063 alcohol dependency and, 1064, 1072, 1080 with atypical features, 1063, 1066 bipolar disorder and, 1063–1064 chronic pain and, 1047
complications of, 1064–1065 in cyclothymic disorders, 1064 dementia and (pseudodementia), 59–60, 1006, 1088 differential diagnosis of, 1064 dispensing medications and, 1065, 1067 drug-induced, 63, 1064 drug therapy for, 63, 1065–1069, 1066f, 1069t, 1070t, 1071t. See also Antidepressants dysthymia, 1063 ECT for, 1069–1071 in elderly, 63 caregiver issues and, 58 stimulants for, 1066–1067 urinary incontinence and, 67 experimental treatments for, 1071 hospitalization/illness and, 1064, 1090, 1091 hypercortisolism and, 1160 lithium for, 1065, 1072 major depressive disorder, 1063 OCD and, 1041 oral contraceptive use and, 772, 1064 panic disorder and, 1041 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 perimenopausal, 1181 estrogen replacement therapy and, 1182 personality disorder and, 1051 phototherapy for, 1071 with postpartum onset, 1063 in premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 749, 1063 PTSD and, 1039, 1040 reserpine causing, 456t, 457 schizophrenic/psychotic disorders/ ideation and, 1054, 1055, 1058, 1065–1066, 1068 screening for in elderly, 63 in women, 1711 with seasonal onset, 1063, 1066, 1071 sleep disorders and, 1076 somatization disorder and, 1045 suicide and, 1064–1065 in terminally ill/dying patient, 91 treatment of, 1065–1072, 1066f, 1069t, 1070t, 1071t. See also Antidepressants Dermabrasion, for acne scars, 128 Dermacentor ticks. See Ticks Dermal fillers, for age-related facial changes, 1721 Dermatitis. See also Skin disorders atopic. See Atopic dermatitis bacterial, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 cercarial, in schistosomiasis, 1511 contact allergic, 124–125, 124f, 866 impetigo differentiated from, 123, 124 topical medications causing, 100, 124 urticaria in, 133 irritant, 124, 125 photodermatitis differentiated from, 153 tinea differentiated from, 113 contagious pustular (orf), 1404
index drugs causing, 158–161, 159–160t exfoliative (exfoliative erythroderma), 116–117 drugs causing, 116, 159t psoriatic, 106, 116. See also Psoriasis fungal, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 hand, vesiculobullous (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 herpetiformis, 122–123 celiac disease/gluten sensitivity and, 123, 622 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330–1331 medicamentosa (drug eruption), 158–161, 159–160t in niacin deficiency, 1265 seborrheic. See Seborrheic dermatitis stasis, 34, 478. See also Venous insufficiency/stasis leg ulcers and, 153 viral, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330–1331 Dermatographism, 133 Dermatologic disorders. See Skin disorders Dermatologic therapy, 94–100, 95–99t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t complications of, 99–100 Dermatomal herpes zoster, 119, 120f, 1358 Dermatomyositis, 840–842, 840f autoantibodies in, 833t, 841 cancer-related, 840, 841, 864, 995, 1596t sine myositis, 840 Dermatop. See Prednicarbate Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, 115 Dermatophytosis, 111f, 112–113, 113f. See also Tinea drugs for treatment of, 110 furunculosis differentiated from, 151 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 nail changes in, 157, 158 Dermopathy in Graves disease (pretibial myxedema), 1110, 1113 nephrogenic fibrosing, 839 DES. See Diethylstilbestrol Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 Desensitization techniques for phobic disorder, 1044 for psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness, 1091 for PTSD, 1040 Desensitization therapy. See also Immunotherapy for asthma, 249f, 253 for drug/penicillin allergies, 1305–1307 Designer drugs, 18, 1086 Desipramine, 1065, 1068, 1070t, 1722t. See also Antidepressants for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy, 84, 84t, 1225 Desloratadine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 Desmoid tumors, in familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 Desmopressin (DDAVP) for bleeding in chronic kidney disease/ uremia, 582, 913
in diabetes insipidus diagnosis, 1099 in diabetes insipidus treatment, 1099 for enuresis, 1078 for hemophilia, 550, 550t for von Willebrand disease, 550t, 551 Desogestrel, in oral contraceptives, 770, 771t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 thromboembolism and, 770 Desonide, 95t Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), 269, 294t Desvenlafaxine, 1068, 1070t Desynchronization sleep disorder, 1075 Desyrel. See Trazodone Detergent worker’s lung, 310t Detrusor muscle disorders, urinary incontinence and, 68, 68–69. See also Overflow incontinence; Urge incontinence DeVega annuloplasty, 347 Devic disease/syndrome (neuromyelitis optica), 1012 optic neuritis in, 188, 1012 Dexamethasone, 1190, 1190t. See also Corticosteroids in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for fetal lung maturity, 794, 796 for high-altitude illness, 1559 for nausea and vomiting, 568t, 569, 1660 for ophthalmic disorders, 170t in pain management, 85 for pneumococcal meningitis, 1288, 1424–1425 prophylactic, 1559 for spinal tumors/cord compression, 993, 1645 Dexamethasone suppression test, in Cushing syndrome diagnosis, 1159 Dexlansoprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors Dexrazoxane, for chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity, 1658t, 1662 Dextroamphetamine abuse/overdose of, 1085 for depression, 1066–1067 for narcolepsy, 1077 for opioid-induced sedation, 79 Dextromethorphan for cough, 23 MAOI interactions and, 1071t, 1585 overdose/toxicity of, 1583, 1586–1587 Dextrose for coma, 1014, 1563 in diabetes management of hospitalized patient, 1229 for drug-induced hypoglycemia, 1580 in fluid management, 897, 897t for hypernatremia, 876 for hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state, 1236 for shock, 486 for status epilepticus, 974 DHEA/DHEAS. See Dehydroepiandrosterone/ dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
CMDT 2013
1793
DHFR gene, TMP-SMZ resistance and, 1534 Diabeta. See Glyburide Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), 1201 Diabetes insipidus, 1098–1100 craniopharyngioma and, 1096 hypernatremia in, 876, 1098, 1099 nephrogenic, 878t, 1098, 1099 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 883, 884, 1139 lithium causing, 1073, 1582 after pituitary microsurgery, 1099, 1101 in Wolfram syndrome, 1098, 1195 Diabetes mellitus, 1192–1238, 1193t. See also under Diabetic antipsychotic drug use and, 1057, 1059, 1060t aspirin in chemoprevention and, 1203, 1227 atrial fibrillation and, 385, 385t b-blocker use in, 442t, 446 blood glucose levels in diagnosis of, 1198, 1198t, 1218 blood glucose self-monitoring in, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 blood-testing procedures in, 1198– 1200, 1198t, 1199t cardiovascular complications of, 356, 1197, 1227–1228 glycemic control and, 356, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 hypertension control and, 433, 442t, 443, 444, 449, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 in women, 1707 chronic kidney disease and, 908, 910, 914, 927, 931, 1223–1224. See also Diabetic nephropathy cirrhosis and, 687 classification and pathogenesis of, 1192–1196, 1193t clinical findings in, 1196–1197, 1197t clinical trials in, 1201–1204 coma in patient with, 1197, 1231–1235, 1232t complications of, 1223–1228 clinical studies of glycemic control and, 1201–1202, 1202–1204 hypoglycemia and, 1222 insulin therapy causing, 1221–1223 continuous glucose monitoring systems in, 1200 diagnostic examination in, 1217–1218 disordered eating in women and, 1713 emphysematous pyelonephritis in, 941 enterovirus infection and, 1407 epidemiologic considerations in, 1192, 1193t erectile dysfunction in, 1226–1227 estrogen replacement affecting, 1182 exercise and, 12–13, 1202, 1203, 1220 insulin requirements and, 12, 1218 foot disorders/foot care in, 154, 467, 1224–1225, 1225f, 1227–1228 callosities and corns, 141, 1224 cellulitis, 137 gastroparesis in, 629 hypoglycemia and, 1222 gestational, 784, 800–801, 801t
1794
CMDT 2013
Diabetes mellitus (Cont.): glaucoma in, 175, 1223 glucose tolerance test in, 1198, 1198t glucosuria/glycosuria in, 1197–1198 glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1) measurements in, 1198– 1199, 1198t, 1199t, 1201, 1202 glycemic control in acceptable levels of, 1221 blood glucose self-monitoring in, 1200 clinical studies in evaluation of, 1201–1202, 1202–1204 glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1) measurements in evaluation of, 1198–1199, 1199t, 1201, 1202, 1203 intensive insulin therapy for. See Insulin therapy, intensive pregnancy and, 801, 1230 surgery and, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t heart disease in, 356, 1227 in women, 1707 HLA in, 1192 in hospitalized patient, 1228–1230, 1229t hypernatremia and, 876 hypertension/hypertension management in, 433, 442t, 443, 444, 449, 457–458, 458, 1197, 1202, 1203, 1227 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for, 442t, 449, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 antihypertensive therapy regimens for, 442t, 457–458, 458 benefits of control and, 1202, 1203, 1224, 1227 calcium channel blocking agents for, 442t, 458, 1203 immunization recommendations in, 1309t insulin resistance and, 1194, 1196. See also Insulin resistance/insulin insensitivity; Insulin resistance syndrome ketonuria in, 1198, 1218 laboratory findings in, 1197–1201, 1198t, 1199t latent autoimmune of adulthood (LADA), 1193, 1220 lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities in, 1197, 1200–1201, 1247, 1248t lipoatrophic, 1193t maturity-onset of young (MODY), 1193t, 1194–1195 hepatocellular adenoma and, 702 mitochondrial DNA mutations and, 1195 mucormycosis in, 217–218, 1538 mutant insulin receptors causing, 1195, 1195f mutant insulins causing, 1195 nephrotic syndrome and, 931, 1224. See also Diabetic nephropathy neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint) in, 865, 1224–1225
index neuropathy and, 1022, 1197, 1197t, 1224–1227, 1225f. See also Diabetic neuropathy nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684, 685 occult, 1243 ocular complications of, 185–186, 185f, 1197t, 1201, 1223. See also Diabetic retinopathy ocular examinations in, 185, 1223 osteomyelitis in, 862 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607, 1608 patient education (self-management training) in, 1218 polycystic ovary syndrome and, 765, 1162 prebreakfast hyperglycemia in, 1219–1220, 1219t during pregnancy, 784, 800–801, 801t, 1230 continuous glucose monitoring and, 1200 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t prevention/delay of clinical trials studying, 1201, 1201–1202, 1202 exercise and, 12–13, 1202, 1203 immune intervention therapy and, 1201–1202 prognosis for, 1231 screening for cardiovascular disease prevention and, 7t pregnancy and, 784 secondary, 1196, 1196t self-monitoring of blood glucose and, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 serum fructosamine levels in, 1199 skin/mucous membrane disorders and, 1197, 1228 surgery in patients with, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t tibial atherosclerosis and, 467 treatment of, 1204–1217, 1217–1223 clinical studies in evaluation of, 1201–1204 combination regimens and, 1213 diet in. See also Diet drugs in, 1205–1213, 1206–1207t. See also Antidiabetic agents for hospitalized patient, 1228–1230, 1229t insulin in, 1213–1217, 1213t, 1214f, 1214t, 1218–1220, 1219t. See also Insulin therapy in pregnant patient, 1230 principles of, 1218–1221, 1219t steps in, 1217–1223 transplantation in, 1217 type 1, 1192, 1192–1194, 1218–1220 clinical trials in, 1201–1202 HLA in, 1192 idiopathic (type 1B), 1192, 1194 immune-mediated (type 1A), 1192, 1192–1194
insulin therapy for, 1213–1217, 1213t, 1214f, 1214t, 1218–1220, 1219t prognosis for, 1231 surgery in patient with, 54, 1229, 1229t symptoms/signs of, 1197, 1197t type 2, 1192, 1194, 1220–1221 clinical trials in, 1202–1204 drugs for management of, 1205–1213, 1206–1207t, 1220–1221. See also Antidiabetic agents hepatitis C and, 671 insulin therapy for, 1202, 1221 in nonobese patients, 1220 in obese patients, 13, 1194, 1197, 1202, 1203, 1220 prognosis for, 1231 surgery in patient with, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t symptoms/signs of, 1197, 1197t urinalysis findings in, 1197–1198 vascular disorders in, 356, 1197, 1227–1228 glycemic control and, 356, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 hypertension control and, 433, 442t, 443, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 weight loss (unintended) in, 1197, 1197t diabetic neuropathic cachexia and, 1226 in Wolfram syndrome, 1098, 1195 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), 1202 Diabetes Prevention Trial-1 (DPT-1), 1201 Diabetic amyotrophy, 1022, 1225 Diabetic cataracts, 1223 Diabetic cheiroarthropathy/cheiropathy, 839, 1228 Diabetic coma, 1197, 1231–1235, 1232t. See also specific cause diabetic ketoacidosis and, 1197, 1231, 1232, 1232t, 1233 hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and, 1197, 1231, 1232t, 1236 lactic acidosis and, 1231, 1232t Diabetic diarrhea, 1226 Diabetic dyslipidemia, 1197, 1200–1201, 1247, 1248t Diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1197, 1231–1235, 1232t coma caused by, 1197, 1231, 1232, 1232t, 1233 hypophosphatemia in, 886, 1234 increased anion gap acidosis and, 891 insulin infusion pump use and, 1217, 1232 insulin needs during surgery and, 1229 normal anion gap acidosis and, 891, 1234–1235 Diabetic maculopathy/macular edema, 185, 185f, 1223 Diabetic nephropathy, 920t, 928, 931, 1223–1224 dialysis for, 1224 glycemic control and, 931, 1201, 1203, 1224 hypertension/hypertension control and, 458, 931, 1203, 1224
index Diabetic neuropathic cachexia, 1226 Diabetic neuropathy, 1022, 1197, 1197t, 1224–1227, 1225f foot disorders/ulcers/gangrene and, 467, 1224–1225, 1225f, 1227 glycemic control and, 1201, 1203 neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint) and, 865, 1224–1225 Diabetic retinopathy, 185–186, 185f, 1223 glycemic control and, 185, 1201, 1203 Diabetic shin spots, 1228 Diabinese. See Chlorpropamide Diacetyl, bronchiolitis obliterans caused by inhalation of, 311 Diagnostic/laboratory tests. See also specific disorder in poisoning/drug overdose, 1569–1570, 1569t in prenatal care, 783, 784–785. See also Prenatal testing in primary prevention, 2 reference values for, 1727–1735t tubes for specimen collection and, 1736t Dialectical behavioral therapy, for personality disorders, 1052 Dialysis, 915–916 for bleeding in chronic kidney disease, 913 “gut” (repeat-dose charcoal), 1568 for heat stroke, 1548 for hypercalcemia, 884 hypercalcemia/hyperphosphatemia associated with, 884 for hyperkalemia, 880, 881t for hypermagnesemia, 888 for hypernatremia, 876 for hyperphosphatemia, 886 hypocalcemia/hyperphosphatemia associated with, 884 for hyponatremia, 874 for kidney disease/injury acute injury/acute tubular necrosis, 906 chronic, 910, 915–916 coagulopathy and, 913 in diabetic, 1224 perioperative, 55 neuropathies in chronic kidney disease and, 914, 1022 for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567– 1568, 1568t with carbamazepine, 1568t, 1574 with lithium, 1073, 1568t, 1582–1583 with methanol or ethylene glycol, 1568t, 1584 with phenobarbital, 1568t with salicylates, 1568t, 1589 with theophylline, 1568t with valproic acid, 1568t, 1574 prognosis for patient undergoing, 916 pruritus associated with, 145 renal cysts and, 934 renal cell carcinoma and, 1641 skin lesions and (porphyria cutanea tarda-like), 122 surgery in patient receiving, 55 for uremic pericarditis, 420, 912 uremic pericarditis in patients receiving, 419
Diaphragm, respiratory failure caused by disorders of, 320t Diaphragm (contraceptive), 774–775 DIAPPERS mnemonic, 67 Diarrhea, 574–580, 574t, 576f, 579f, 1293–1296, 1294–1295t. See also specific cause and Colitis; Gastroenteritis acidosis associated with, 892, 892t, 893 acute, 574t, 575–577, 576f, 1293–1296, 1294–1295t adenoviruses causing, 1293, 1330, 1402, 1404–1405 antibiotic-associated, 575, 576, 636 antibiotics for, 577, 1296, 1298 Bacillus cereus causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t in bacterial overgrowth, 579f, 580, 624 bloody, 575, 576, 584, 1293, 1298. See also Dysentery C difficile causing, 574t, 575, 576, 636, 1293, 1294t campylobacter causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1449 Guillain-Barré syndrome and, 1024 in celiac disease, 622, 623 chemotherapy/radiation-induced, 1660, 1660–1661 in cholera, 1448 chronic, 574t, 577–580, 579f clostridial, 574t, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t coccidial and microsporidial, 1330, 1506–1508 in Crohn disease, 574t, 578, 641, 643 in cryptosporidiosis, 574t, 575, 576, 579, 1293, 1330, 1507 in cyclosporiasis, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 579, 1293, 1507 cytomegalovirus causing, 574t, 575, 1330 in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 diet in management of, 576 drugs in management of, 577, 580. See also Antidiarrheal agents E coli causing, 574t, 575, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1447 endoscopy/mucosal biopsy in, 579 enteral nutritional support and, 1273 factitious, 574t, 579f fecal impaction and, 572 fluid management in, 576, 897t, 1296 in giardiasis, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 579, 1293, 1298, 1330, 1509 in hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 in hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 hypokalemia caused by, 878 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 575, 578, 1325, 1330, 1506, 1507 infectious acute, 574t, 575, 1293–1296, 1294–1295t chronic, 574t, 578 inflammatory. See also Dysentery acute, 574t, 575, 1293 chronic, 574t, 578, 579f
CMDT 2013
1795
in intestinal amebiasis, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1503 in irritable bowel syndrome, 578, 579f, 633, 634, 635 in isosporiasis, 1293, 1330, 1507 in lactase deficiency/lactose (milk) intolerance, 578, 579f, 621t, 626 in malabsorption, 574t, 578, 579, 579f, 580, 621t in measles, 1368 in microscopic colitis, 574t, 578, 650 motility disorders and, 574t, 578 in niacin deficiency, 1265 noninflammatory, 574t, 575, 1293 noroviruses/Norwalk virus causing, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 osmotic, 574t, 577–578 rotaviruses causing, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 salmonella causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1446 secretory, 574t, 578, 579f shigella causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1447 in short bowel syndrome, 625, 626 staphylococcal, 574t, 575 stool analysis in, 575, 576, 576f, 578, 579f toxins causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t traveler’s, 575, 576, 1297, 1297–1298. See also Traveler’s diarrhea in typhoid fever, 1445 in ulcerative colitis, 574t, 578, 646, 647 in vibrio infection, 574t, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1298, 1448 VIP/VIPoma causing, 580, 1172, 1189 viral, 574t, 575, 1293, 1330, 1404–1405. See also specific virus in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma), 619, 1172, 1189 Diastolic blood pressure, 434t. See also Blood pressure in congestive heart failure, 398 in hypertension, 433, 434t, 435f in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564 treatment goals and, 443 in hypertensive urgencies/emergencies, 433, 460 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 793t, 795 in prehypertension, 434, 434t, 441 Diastolic dysfunction/heart failure, 398. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Diastolic murmurs. See Heart murmurs Diazepam, 1042, 1042t, 1043. See also Benzodiazepines adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for aggressive/violent patient, 1078 for alcohol withdrawal, 974, 1082 for anxiety, 1042, 1042t, 1043 breastfeeding and, 782t for nausea and vomiting, 569t overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 for seizures, 1565 status epilepticus and, 974 for spasticity, 1012
1796
CMDT 2013
Diazoxide, for islet cell tumors/ insulinomas, 1241 Dibenzodiazepines, 1055. See also Antipsychotic drugs DIC. See Disseminated intravascular coagulation Dichuchwa (endemic syphilis), 1475 Diclofenac, 77t for arthritis, 811, 812 for ophthalmic disorders, 169t topical, 76, 811, 812 Didanosine (ddI), 1341t, 1343, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART neuropathy caused by, 1328, 1343 DIDMOAD (Wolfram syndrome), 1098, 1195 Dienestrol, 1184 Dientamoeba fragilis, 1510 Diet. See also Nutrition acne and, 126 for alcohol use/abuse patient, 1083 breast cancer risk and, 722, 1708 cancer prevention and, 1269, 1594 cardiovascular disease prevention and, 7t cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703 cholesterol/lipid-lowering, 1250, 1252, 1269 in diabetes, 1205 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 in chronic kidney disease, 914–915 in cirrhosis, 687 colorectal cancer and, 1269, 1594, 1623 consistency alterations and, 1268 constipation and, 571 coronary heart disease and, 350 in Crohn disease, 643 in diabetes mellitus, 1204–1205 for obese type 2 diabetic, 1202, 1205, 1220 pregnancy and, 801 prevention/complications and, 1202, 1203 in diarrhea control, 576 in diverticular disease, 651, 652 in fibrocystic condition, 719 flatus and, 573 gastric adenocarcinoma and, 1615 in GERD management, 596 gluten-free, for celiac disease/ dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 622–623 in gout, 814, 815t in heart failure management, 406 in hemochromatosis, 695 in hypertension/hypertension prevention, 11, 441, 441t in hypertriglyceridemia, 1255 in irritable bowel syndrome, 634 for islet cell tumors/insulinomas, 1241 lactation and, 786 lactose-free, 626, 627 MAOI interactions and, 1000 Mediterranean, 14, 1252 in nephrotic syndrome, 928 nutrient-restricting, 1268–1269. See also specific type nutrient-supplementing, 1269–1270 obesity management/prevention and, 13, 14, 1260
index in osteoporosis, 1146 in pancreatitis, 713–714, 716 in porphyria, 1022, 1664 during pregnancy, 783, 785 diabetes mellitus and, 801 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 7t therapeutic, 1268–1270 in ulcerative colitis, 647 urinary stone formation and, 946, 947, 948 in Wilson disease, 697 Diet therapy, 1268–1270. See also Diet; Nutrition Dietary supplements oral nutritional supplements, 1270 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 for undernourished elderly, 70 toxicity of, 1578, 1578t Diethylcarbamazine for filariasis, 1525, 1526 for loiasis, 1528 Diethylene glycol, toxicity of, 1584 Diethylpropion, for obesity, 1260 Diethylstilbestrol (DES), 740t for breast cancer, 740t in male, 746 for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Dieulafoy lesion, 581, 586 Difenacoum poisoning, 1573 Diffuse axonal injury, 1017t Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1488 Diffuse esophageal spasm, 592t, 606 Diffuse gastric cancer, 1616 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), 855, 1228 Diffuse panbronchiolitis, 269, 269–270 Diffuse parenchymal lung disease, 292–297, 292t, 294t. See also specific disorder and Interstitial lung disease Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DlCO) in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1326 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 Diflorasone, 96t Diflucan. See Fluconazole Diflunisal, 77t DiGeorge syndrome, hypoparathyroidism in, 1136 Digestion, disorders of. See Malabsorption Digibind. See Digoxin-specific Fab antibody DigiFab. See Digoxin-specific Fab antibody Digital clubbing, 157, 158f in bronchiectasis, 266 in lung cancer, 1597 Digital cyanosis, in Raynaud phenomenon, 836 Digital gangrene, in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 Digital ischemia in Raynaud phenomenon, 836 in scleroderma, 838 Digital lesion, in nocardiosis, 1457 Digital mammography, 16, 725 Digital rectal examination. See Rectal examination Digitalis/digitalis glycosides. See also Digoxin
antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for heart failure, 403–404, 405 overdose/toxicity of, 403–404, 1564, 1566t, 1569t, 1578–1579 hypokalemia and, 878 ophthalmic effects and, 196t Digoxin, 377, 403–404, 1723t. See also Digitalis/digitalis glycosides for arrhythmias, 377, 379t atrial fibrillation, 386 in hyperthyroidism, 1118 in myocardial infarction, 372 benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t for cardiomyopathy, 412, 417 for heart failure, 403–404 overdose/toxicity of, 379t, 403–404, 1564, 1566t, 1569t, 1578– 1579 chronic kidney disease and, 912 perioperative management for patient taking, 49 Digoxin-specific Fab antibody (digoxin immune Fab), for digitalis toxicity, 404, 1564, 1566t, 1579 Dihydroartemisinin, 1492t, 1496–1497 with piperaquine, 1493t, 1494t, 1495, 1497 Dihydroergotamine for cluster headache, 965 for migraine headache, 963 Dihydrofolate reductase, antimalarial drugs affecting, 1496 Dihydroindolones, 1055. See also Antipsychotic drugs Dihydropteroate synthase, antimalarial drugs affecting, 1496 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol. See Calcitriol Diiodohydroxyquin. See Iodoquinol Dilacor. See Diltiazem Dilated cardiomyopathy. See Cardiomyopathy Dilation and curettage. See D&C Dilaudid. See Hydromorphone Diloxanide, for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t Diltiazem, 454t. See also Calcium channel blocking drugs for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for angina, 356 for arrhythmias, 379t atrial fibrillation, 372, 386 infarct-related, 372 supraventricular tachycardia, 379t, 382 for hypertension, 453, 454t overdose/toxicity of, 379t, 454t, 1576 Dilutional acidosis, 893 Dimenhydrinate, 569 Dimercaprol (BAL) for arsenic poisoning, 1575 for lead poisoning, 1582 for mercury poisoning, 1583 Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). See Succimer 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride. See Metformin Dimethyltryptamine, 1084 Diovan/Diovan HCT. See Valsartan DIP. See Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
index Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), 1211 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) inhibitors, 1207t, 1212–1213, 1221 Diphenhydramine. See also Antihistamines breastfeeding and, 782t for insomnia, 1076 for nausea and vomiting, 86 overdose/toxicity of, 1564, 1575 for scombroid poisoning, 1589 Diphenoxylate with atropine, 580. See also Antidiarrheal agents overdose/toxicity of, 1575 for ulcerative colitis, 647 Diphtheria, 1433–1434 neuropathy in, 1024, 1433 pharyngitis in, 228, 1419, 1433 prevention/immunization and, 1434. See also Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine Diphtheria antitoxin, 1434 Diphtheria-tetanus toxoid. See Tetanusdiphtheria toxoid Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTaP/ Tdap vaccines), 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1314, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 Diphtheria toxoid, 1434. See also Tetanusdiphtheria toxoid Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm), 1514 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 497, 1514 Dipivefrin, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 177 Diplopia in dysthyroid eye/Graves disease, 191, 1112 in ocular motor palsies, 190 in ocular myasthenia gravis, 1113 vertigo and, 210 Diprolene. See Betamethasone Dipstick urinalysis, 898. See also specific disorder in dysuria evaluation, 43 in hematuria evaluation, 899, 938 in proteinuria evaluation, 899 in urinary stone disease, 947 Dipylidium caninum (dog tapeworm), 1514 echinococcosis and, 1516 Dipyridamole platelet function affected by, 549t for transient ischemic attacks, 979 Dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy. See Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy Direct current (DC) electrical injury, 1552 Direct thrombin inhibitors
for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544, 544t for venous thromboembolism, 558 Directed bleeding history, preoperative, 46, 47t, 52 Directly observed therapy (DOT), for tuberculosis, 284, 285, 286 in drug-resistant tuberculosis, 284, 285, 286 in HIV-positive persons, 285 Disability assessment, in burn injury, 1550 Discogenic disease. See Cervical spine/ disk disease; Lumbar spine/ disk disease; Sacral spine/ disk disease; Thoracic spine/ disk disease Discoid lupus erythematosus, 114–115 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 828, 829–831 biologic, 830–831 combination regimens for, 831 synthetic, 829–830 Disease prevention. See Preventive care DISH. See Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis Disipal. See Orphenadrine Disk batteries, ingested, alkali injuries caused by, 1572 Disk diffusion tests, drug susceptibility, 1304 Disk disease. See Cervical spine/disk disease; Lumbar spine/disk disease; Sacral spine/disk disease; Thoracic spine/disk disease Dislocated shoulder, 1679–1680t, 1681–1682 Disopyramide, 377, 378t for cardiomyopathy, 415 overdose/toxicity of, 378t, 1588 Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia, 1053 Dissection. See Aortic dissection Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1488 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 545–546, 546t, 554 in acute leukemia, 519, 520, 546 in cancer, 545, 546, 994 in gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 545, 1444 in meningococcal meningitis, 1441 Dissociated sensory loss, 976 in spinal cord infarction, 989 Dissociative disorder, 1041 Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder), 1041 Distal muscular dystrophy, 1035t Distal renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 894. See also Renal tubular acidosis genetic defects associated with, 878t nephrolithiasis/urinary stone formation and, 892, 946–947 hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and, 949 in tubulointerstitial disease, 933 Distal symmetric polyneuropathy, diabetic, 1224–1225, 1225f Distributive shock, 485, 485t, 488 Disulfiram for alcohol use/abuse, 18, 1082
CMDT 2013
1797
antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t Diulo. See Metolazone Diuresis. See also Urine output forced in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 urinary stones and, 950 Diuretics. See also specific agent abuse of in bulimia nervosa, 1263 for acute tubular necrosis, 905–906 adverse effects of, 445t, 446 ophthalmic, 196t for cardiomyopathy, 415, 417 in chronic venous insufficiency, 34 for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for constrictive pericarditis, 422 contraction alkalosis and, 895 for diabetes insipidus, 1099 gout/hyperuricemia and, 814–815 for heart failure, 401 chronic kidney disease and, 912 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 hypercalcemia and, 884, 1142 for hypercalciuria, 948 for hyperkalemia, 879, 881t, 914 for hypernatremia, 876 for hypertension, 434t, 442t, 444–446, 445t, 457–458, 457f, 458t in chronic kidney disease, 459, 911 in combination products, 445t, 450t, 451t, 452t in combination regimen, 457–458, 457f, 458t during pregnancy, 802 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 1138 hypokalemia and, 401, 446, 878, 879 for hyponatremia, 874 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872 lipid abnormalities associated with use of, 1248t lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 ototoxicity of, 207 perioperative management for patient taking, 49 for pulmonary edema, 408 tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by, 932t Divalproex. See Valproic acid/valproate Diverticula colonic, 651–652 esophageal/Zenker, 601 Diverticular bleeding, 583, 584, 585, 652 Diverticulectomy, for Zenker diverticulum, 601 Diverticulitis, 651–652 Diverticulosis, 651 GI bleeding in, 583, 584, 585, 652 infection and (diverticulitis), 651–652 Divigel, 1184 Diving (underwater). See Scuba/deep sea diving Dix-Hallpike testing, 209 Dizziness. See also Dysequilibrium (imbalance); Vertigo; Vestibular disorders falls/gait abnormalities in elderly and, 65, 67t
1798
CMDT 2013
DJ1 gene, in parkinsonism, 998 DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis DlCO (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1326 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 DLE. See Discoid lupus erythematosus DMARDs. See Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs DML, 98t DMP1 mutations, in osteomalacia/ rickets, 1150 DMPA. See Medroxyprogesterone DMPS. See Unithiol DMSA. See Succimer DNA double-stranded, antibodies to. See Anti-double-stranded (antids)-DNA hepatitis B virus, 668f, 669, 674, 675 native, antibodies to, 833t, 834t DNA amplification tests, in tuberculosis, 281, 281t DNA analysis/diagnosis/probes. See also Genetic testing in colorectal cancer screening/polyp identification, 653, 1626t, 1627 in muscular dystrophy, 1034 in tuberculosis, 281t Do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders, 89–90 Dobrava virus, 1388 Dobutamine for cardiogenic shock, 374, 487–488 for heart failure, 405 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373–374 Dobutamine stress echocardiography. See Echocardiography Docetaxel, 1652t for breast cancer, 737, 741 neuropathy caused by, 1661 for prostate cancer, 1636–1637 Docosanol cream, for herpes simplex infection, 1352 Doctor-patient communication, in endof-life care, 88, 88t Doctor–patient relationship adherence and, 2 chronic pain disorders and, 1047 depression and, 1062 obesity management and, 1260 psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1091 smoking cessation and, 8, 9–10t, 10t, 1593 somatoform disorders and, 1046 Docusate sodium, 572t Dofetilide, 377, 379t for atrial fibrillation, 378t, 387, 388 for atrial flutter, 378t, 389 Dog bites, 1288–1290 rabies and, 1289, 1290, 1376 Dog feces echinococcosis and, 1516 toxocariasis/visceral larva migrans and, 1523 Dog fleas. See Fleas Dog hookworm, 1518
index cutaneous larva migrans caused by, 1523 Dog roundworm (T canis), 1523 Dog tapeworm (D caninum), 1514 echinococcosis and, 1516 Dog ticks. See Ticks Dolasetron, 568, 568t, 1660. See also Antiemetics Doll’s-head eye response, in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 Dolobid. See Diflunisal Dolophine. See Methadone Domestic violence, 17, 1078, 1079 elder abuse and, 17 intimate partner, 17, 1078, 1079, 1711– 1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 Domperidone, for gastroparesis, 629 Donepezil, for dementia, 61, 1008 Donovan bodies, 1453 Dopamine depletion of in parkinsonism, 998 in Huntington disease, 1002 for hypotension/shock, 488 cardiogenic, 374, 488 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1563 for left ventricular (infarct-related) failure, 374 positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and, 1053 receptors for, in nausea and vomiting, 566 Dopamine agonists for acromegaly/gigantism, 1101 for cocaine withdrawal, 1085 for hyperprolactinemia, 1103, 1104 for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 1060 for parkinsonism, 999–1000 for restless legs syndrome, 1004 Dopamine antagonists. See also Antipsychotic drugs for nausea and vomiting, 568t, 569 Doppler ultrasound. See Echocardiography; Ultrasonography Dor procedure, 340 Doral. See Quazepam Doripenem, for abdominal infections, 1455, 1455t Dornase alpha (rhDNase) for cystic fibrosis, 268 pleural instillation of, 316 Dorzolamide, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Dorzolamide/timolol, for glaucoma/ ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 DOT. See Directly observed therapy Double-stranded DNA antibodies in hyperthyroidism, 1113 in lupus/SLE, 114, 833, 833t Double vision. See Diplopia Down syndrome (trisomy 21), 1666–1667 prenatal screening for, 783, 1666 Doxazosin, 456t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 195t, 196t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959, 959t, 960 for hypertension, 453, 456t
Doxepin, 1070t. See also Antidepressants for anogenital itching, 146 topical, 94, 98t for urticaria, 133 Doxercalciferol, for hyperparathyroidism, 1143–1144 Doxil. See Liposomal doxorubicin Doxorubicin, 1653t for bladder cancer, 1639 for breast cancer, 736 liposomal, 1653t, 1662 for Kaposi sarcoma, 145, 1332, 1339t toxicity of, 1653t, 1662 Doxycycline for acne, 127 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for anthrax, 1432, 1433t for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216t for impetigo, 123 for Lyme disease, 1481, 1482 for malaria, 1492t, 1494t, 1497 for chemoprophylaxis, 1497, 1498, 1498t for malignant pleural effusion, 1646 for pneumonia, 273t for rosacea, 129 for syphilis, 1468t for urinary tract infection, 940t for Wolbachia eradication in filariasis, 1526 in onchocerciasis, 1527 DPI. See Dry powder inhalers DPOA-HC. See Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care DPOAF. See Durable power of attorney for finance matters DPP-4, 1211 DPP-4 inhibitors, 1207t, 1212–1213, 1221 DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program), 1202 DPT-1 (Diabetes Prevention Trial-1), 1201 Dracunculus medinensis (dracunculiasis), 1520–1521 Drawer sign/test anterior ankle sprain and, 1703, 1704t knee stability/ACL injury and, 1693–1698, 1694t posterior, 1696t, 1699 DRE (digital rectal examination). See Rectal examination Dream sleep, 1075 DRESS mnemonic, 160–161 Dressler syndrome (postmyocardial infarction/postcardiotomy pericarditis), 375, 419, 419–420, 420 Drinking. See also Alcohol use/ dependency/abuse at-risk/problem, 18, 1080 differential diagnosis of, 1081 treatment of, 1081–1082 Driving (automobile) by patients with dementia, 62, 1010 by patients with syncope/ventricular tachycardia/aborted sudden death, 397–398 by suicidal patients, 1065 Dronabinol (D9-tetrahydrocannabinol) for AIDS wasting, 1325
index for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 Dronedarone, 377, 379t, 387 Drooling, in esophageal foreign body, 239 Drop attacks, epileptic (atonic seizures), 970. See also Seizures Droperidol for migraine headache, 964 for nausea and vomiting, 569 overdose/toxicity of, 569, 1574 torsades de pointes caused by, 569 Drospirenone, in oral contraceptives, 770, 771t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 hyperkalemia caused by, 1157 Drotrecogin alfa (activated protein C) for bacteremia/sepsis/shock, 488–489, 1444–1445 removal of from market, 489, 1445 Drowning, 1556 near drowning and, 1555–1557 Drug abuse, 18–20, 1079–1086. See also Substance use disorders Drug addiction, 1079. See also Substance use disorders pain management in terminally ill/ dying patient and, 76 Drug allergy. See also specific agent anaphylaxis and, 866 cross-reactivity and, 1306 desensitization therapy for, 1305–1307 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 testing for, 1305, 1306 in topical dermatologic therapy, 100, 158–160 Drug dependency, 18–20, 1079–1086. See also specific drug and Substance use disorders in opioid therapy, 76, 1083–1084 physiologic, 1079 psychologic, 1079 Drug-eluting stents, 357, 358, 368 Drug eruptions, 158–161, 159–160t complex, 160–161 fixed, 159t simple, 160 Drug-induced disorders/side effects abnormal movements, 1004 acute tubular necrosis, 904–905 adrenal insufficiency, 1156 agranulocytosis, 510 allergic reactions. See Drug allergy anion gap acidosis, 891 aseptic meningitis, 1286 asthma, 243, 312t cholestasis, 683 cognitive disorders/delirium, 64, 1087t constipation, 570, 570t depression, 63, 1064 dermatitis (dermatitis medicamentosa), 158–161, 159–160t diarrhea, 574t, 577 dyspepsia, 564, 565 dysthyroid eye disease, 1117 dystonia, 1004, 1060–1061 in elderly, 71–72 depression, 63 falls, 65, 67t incontinence, 67 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes, 296
erectile/sexual dysfunction, 952, 1051, 1067 erythema multiforme, 134, 135 erythema nodosum, 150, 159t exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma, 116, 159t fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis), 683 fetotoxicity, 782, 782t fever, 1283 G6PD deficiency, 503 gastritis/gastropathy, 607 goiter, 1106 gout/hyperuricemia, 814–815 gynecomastia, 1174t, 1178 hallucinations/hallucinosis, 1088 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 1120 headache (analgesic rebound/ medication overuse headache), 966 heart failure, 401 hepatitis, 161, 683 hirsutism, 1162, 1164 hyperglycemia, 1193t, 1196 hyperkalemia, 879–880, 928 hyperpigmentation, 155, 160t nail, 157, 160t hyperthermia, 35, 36 hypoglycemia, 1238t, 1243–1244, 1580 hyponatremia, 871f, 872, 874 hypothyroidism, 1106, 1109 interstitial lung disease, 292t, 312t interstitial nephritis, 906–907 lichenoid/lichen planus-like, 144, 159t liver disease/failure, 672–673, 682–684 long QT syndrome, 393 lower extremity edema, 33 lung disease, 292t, 311, 312t lupus/SLE, 114, 159t, 312t, 832, 832t male infertility, 954, 955 meningeal irritation, 1287 microscopic colitis, 650 microscopic polyangiitis, 851 myocarditis, 409t, 410–411 myopathy, 1036 myotonia, 1036 nail hyperpigmentation, 157, 160t nausea and vomiting, 567t neutropenia, 510 nipple discharge, 720 olfactory disorders, 220 ototoxicity, 207, 210t overdoses. See Poisoning/drug overdose palpitations, 31, 32 pancreatitis, 711 parkinsonism, 998, 1004, 1061 pemphigus, 138 pheochromocytoma attacks/paroxysms and, 1167, 1169 photosensitivity/photodermatitis, 95t, 152–153, 159t pigmentary changes, 155, 160t pityriasis rosea-like eruption, 109, 160t platelet dysfunction, 548–549, 549t pompholyx-like eruption, 121 porphyria, 1664, 1665t cutanea tarda, 122 psoriasis/psoriasiform, 107, 160t psychotic behavior, 1055 pulmonary disorders, 292t, 311, 312t pulmonary hypertension, 424
CMDT 2013
1799
pure red cell aplasia, 500 Raynaud phenomenon, 837 rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis, 842, 844 rhinitis (rhinitis medicamentosa), 214 SIADH, 873, 873t sick sinus syndrome, 394 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 134, 135, 159t, 161 teratogenicity, 782, 782t thrombocytopenia, 546, 547t torsades de pointes, 393, 1564, 1564t toxic epidermal necrolysis, 134, 135, 159t, 161 tubulointerstitial nephritis, 932–933, 932t, 933 urticaria, 133, 159t Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndromes (complex drug eruptions), 160–161 Drug monitoring (therapeutic), 1722– 1724t. See also specific agent in elderly, 72 Drug overdose. See Poisoning/drug overdose Drug resistance. See also specific agent in anaerobic infections, 1454, 1455 in anthrax, 1432 in antiretroviral therapy, 675–676, 1340, 1342, 1347, 1348–1349, 1348f in bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215–216 in breast cancer therapy, 740–741 in cryptococcosis, 1536 in enterococcal infections, 1422 in gonococcal infection, 860, 1452, 1452–1453 in H pylori infection, 613 health care-associated infections and, 1282–1283 in HIV infection/AIDS, 675–676, 1340, 1342, 1347, 1348–1349, 1348f in influenza, 1396, 1399 in leishmaniasis, 1488, 1489 in leprosy, 1460 in malaria, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1494t, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1498t in meningococcal infection, 1442 pharyngitis treatment and, 228, 229, 1420 in pneumococcal infections, 228, 273, 273–274, 1423, 1424 in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, 1534 Salmonella infection and, 1446 in staphylococcal infections, 1425. See also Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections), aureus, methicillin-resistant susceptibility testing and, 1301–1304 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1347, 1348–1349, 1348f in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 288, 1458 in tuberculosis, 281, 281t, 285 in syphilis, 1467 in tuberculosis, 280, 285, 286 directly observed therapy (DOT) and, 284, 285, 286 treatment of contacts and, 286
1800
CMDT 2013
Drug susceptibility testing, 1301–1304. See also Drug resistance in HIV infection/AIDS, 1347, 1348– 1349, 1348f in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 288 in tuberculosis, 281, 281t, 285 Drug tolerance, 1079. See also Substance use disorders in opioid therapy, 76, 79 in stimulant abuse, 1085 “Drugs of abuse” toxicology screen, 1569–1570 Drusen in age-related macular degeneration/ maculopathy, 181 optic disk, 189–190 Dry drowning, 1556 Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), 166 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 Dry mouth antipsychotics causing, 1059 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 Dry powder inhalers, for asthma therapy, 250 Dry skin atopic dermatitis and, 103 emollients for, 94, 98–99t Drying agents, for weepy dermatoses, 94 DTaP vaccines. See Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTI. See Direct thrombin inhibitors DTIC-Dome. See Dacarbazine Dual-chamber pacing, 395 for cardiomyopathy, 415 for heart block, 395 for sick sinus syndrome, 394 Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, in osteoporosis, 622, 1141, 1145–1146 Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 662, 663t Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t cardiomyopathy in, 427 Duct occluder devices, for patent ductus arteriosus, 333 Ductal carcinoma in situ, 733, 733t Paget carcinoma and, 730 Ductal lavage, in breast mass evaluation, 730 Ductography, in nipple discharge/breast cancer, 720, 729, 730 Ductopenia, idiopathic adulthood, 710 Ductoscopy, in nipple discharge/breast cancer, 720, 729 Ductus arteriosus, patent, 332–333, 333t Duetact. See Pioglitazone, with glimepiride Duke criteria (modified), for endocarditis, 1436–1437 Duke Treadmill Score, 358, 358t Duloxetine, 1067, 1068, 1070t for anxiety, 1043 for neuropathic pain/diabetic neuropathy, 84t, 85, 1021, 1067, 1225 overdose/toxicity of, 1068, 1070t for postherpetic neuralgia, 121 for urinary incontinence, 69
index Dumping syndrome, after gastric surgery, 1220 hypoglycemia and, 1242 Duncan disease, 1363 Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors, 1171–1173 Duodenal ulcers, 611, 612, 613, 614t, 615, 616, 619. See also Peptic ulcer disease Duodenotomy, for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma), 620 Duodenum. See also Small intestine disorders of, 607–621 adenoma/carcinoma, 655, 1607–1612, 1620 DuoTrav. See Travoprost/timolol Duplex ultrasonography. See Ultrasonography Dupuytren contracture, 824 in cirrhosis, 686, 824 Durable power of attorney for finance matters (DPOAF), for dementia patients, 62 Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPOA-HC), 89 Duroziez sign, 344 Dust mites, atopic dermatitis caused by, 103, 866 Dutasteride, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959–960 DVT. See Deep venous thrombosis Dwarf tapeworm (H nana), 1514 Dwarfism, in GH deficiency, 1094 DXA. See Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Dyazide. See Triamterene, with hydrochlorothiazide Dying patient, care of. See End of life, provision of care at Dymelor. See Acetohexamide DynaCirc/DynaCirc CR. See Isradipine Dysarthria, in motor neuron disease, 1019 Dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction), 975–976 in diabetes, 1022, 1226–1227 in focal seizures, 969 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 975, 1024 in polyneuropathies, 975, 976, 1021 prenatal screening for, 783 Dysbarism, 1557–1558 Dysbetalipoproteinemia, 1245 Dysentery, 575 amebic, 575, 1503, 1505t colitis after (postdysenteric colitis), 1504 bacillary (Shigella). See Bacillary dysentery enteroinvasive E coli causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1447 reactive arthritis and, 857 in trichuriasis/whipworm, 1517–1518 Trichuris, 1517–1518 Dysequilibrium (imbalance). See also Vertigo falls/gait disorders in elderly and, 65, 67t in multiple sclerosis, 213, 1010 posttraumatic headache and, 965 in vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma), 212 Dysesthesias, 976
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 747, 748 estrogen replacement therapy and, 748, 1183, 1185 Dysgeusia, 226 Dyshidrosis/dyshidrotic eczema. See Vesiculobullous hand eczema Dyskinesia in Huntington disease, 1001, 1002 levodopa-induced, 999 tardive, 1004, 1061 metoclopramide causing, 566, 629 Dyslipidemia. See also Hyperlipidemia antiretroviral therapy and, 1332, 1344 in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1200–1201, 1247, 1248t exercise affecting, 12–13 Dysmenorrhea, 750–751, 1715, 1716 endometriosis and, 750, 761, 1715 IUD use and, 750, 774 oral contraceptive use and, 750, 770 Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome, 684 Dysmotility. See Motility disorders Dysnomia, intracranial tumors causing, 990 Dysorgasmia. See Orgasm, loss of Dyspareunia (painful intercourse), 767, 1715 Dyspepsia, 564–566. See also Abdominal pain/tenderness alarm symptoms in, 565 functional, 564, 565, 566 in gastric cancer, 564, 1616 GERD and, 564, 594 in NSAID gastritis, 608 in peptic ulcer disease, 564, 565, 612, 613 Dysphagia, 592, 592–593, 592t in achalasia, 592t, 604 barium esophagography in, 592–593 chemoradiation-associated, 237 in eosinophilic esophagitis, 592t, 600 in esophageal cancer, 592t, 1613, 1614 in esophageal stricture, 592t, 595 in esophageal webs and rings, 491, 592t, 600 in GERD, 594 in infectious esophagitis, 598 in motility disorders, 592, 592t, 605–606 in motor neuron disease, 1019, 1020 in pill-induced esophagitis, 598, 599 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 840 in scleroderma, 592t, 838, 839 in Zenker diverticulum, 601 Dysphasia, in stroke, 981 Dysphonia, 233 in laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234 in vocal fold lesions, 235 in vocal fold paralysis, 237 Dysphoric disorder, premenstrual, 749, 1063 Dysplastic nevi. See Atypical nevi/mole Dyspnea, 24–26, 24t, 25t, 85–86 in aortic regurgitation, 344 in ARDS, 322 in asthma/asthma exacerbations, 24, 246t, 247t in cardiomyopathy, 414 in COPD, 24, 24t, 25, 26, 260, 260t, 264, 265
index cough and, 21, 22, 24 in heart failure, 25, 398, 399 in hepatopulmonary syndrome, 691 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease, 292 in malignant pleural effusion, 1645, 1646 palliation of, 26, 85–86, 265 in pneumothorax, 24, 316 psychogenic, 24, 25 in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 296 in pulmonary edema, 407–408 in pulmonary embolism, 24, 25, 298, 298t in pulmonary hypertension, 305 in respiratory failure, 320 in terminally ill/dying patient, 26, 85–86, 265 in vocal fold dysfunction, 25, 242 Dysport. See Botulinum toxin therapy Dysrhythmias. See Arrhythmias Dyssomnias, 1075–1077. See also Insomnia Dyssynergia, pelvic floor (dyssynergic defecation), 570, 570t, 571 Dysthymia, 1063, 1065. See also Depression Dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 Dystocia, maternal diabetes and, 800 Dystonia drug-induced, 1004 antipsychotics, 1060–1061, 1574 SSRIs, 1067 oromandibular, 1003 torsion focal, 1003 idiopathic, 1002–1003 Dystrophin, in muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t Dysuria (painful voiding), 43–45, 44f. See also Irritative voiding symptoms DYT1 gene, in idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1002 DYT6/DYT7 genes, in focal torsion dystonia, 1003 E-cadherin cell adhesion protein, gastric cancer and, 1616 E coli. See Escherichia coli E-tests, drug susceptibility, 1304 EACA. See e-Aminocaproic acid Ear, 198–213. See also under Hearing barotrauma affecting, 202–203 cauliflower, 199 in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 inner, 206–212 middle, 203–206 painful. See Earache Ear canal, 200–201 bony overgrowths (exostoses/ osteomas) of, 201 foreign body in, 200 neoplasia of, 201 pruritus of, 201 Ear drops for cerumen removal, 200 for external otitis, 200
ototoxic, avoidance of with perforated tympanic membrane, 207 Earache (otalgia), 206 in acute otitis media, 203, 206 barotrauma and, 202 in external otitis/malignant external otitis, 200, 206 East African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485, 1485t Eastern (equine) encephalitis, 1378–1380 Eastern subtype tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 Eating disorders, 1262–1263. See also specific type OCD and, 1041 in women, 1712–1714 in diabetes, 1713 Eaton-Lambert syndrome. See LambertEaton (myasthenic) syndrome Ebastine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 EBCT. See Electron beam CT Ebola virus/hemorrhagic fever, 1384, 1385 Ebstein anomaly, 347 lithium use during pregnancy and, 1073 EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus EC regimen, for breast cancer, 736 Ecchymosis of eye (black eye), 192 in nasal trauma, 221 malabsorption and, 621t ECG. See Electrocardiogram Echinacea purpurea for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 for cough prevention, 23 Echinocandins, 1530, 1542. See also specific agent Echinococcus granulosus/multilocularis (echinococcosis), 1516 Echocardiography. See also Ultrasonography in angina, 353 in aortic dissection, 477 in aortic regurgitation, 336t, 345 in aortic stenosis, 336t, 342, 344 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in cardiac tumors, 427 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 412t, 414, 416 cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and, 386 in coarctation of aorta, 327 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in cor pulmonale, 426 in Dressler syndrome, 419–420 in endocarditis, 1436 in heart failure, 400 in hypertension, 440 in infectious myocarditis, 410 in mitral regurgitation, 336t, 339 in mitral stenosis, 336t, 338 in mitral valve prolapse, 340, 341 in myocardial infarction, 366 in patent ductus arteriosus, 333 in pericardial effusion/tamponade, 421 in pulmonary edema, 408 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 in pulmonary stenosis, 325, 326 in pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348
CMDT 2013
1801
in shock, 486, 487 stress/dobutamine stress in angina, 353 in heart failure, 400 preoperative, 46–47, 48f in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, 413 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid regurgitation, 336t, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 336t, 346 in valvular heart disease, 336t in ventricular septal defect, 330 Echolalia in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Echopraxia, in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Echovirus 1, in cancer treatment, 1407 Echovirus infections, 1406–1407 pericarditis, 419 Eclampsia, 793, 794, 794–795. See also Preeclampsia-eclampsia hypermagnesemia associated with treatment of, 794, 888 Econazole, 97t ECP. See Extracorporeal counterpulsation “Ecstasy,” 1086, 1572 “herbal” (ephedrine), 1572 hyponatremia caused by, 872 seizures caused by, 1565t ECT. See Electroconvulsive therapy Ectasias, GI bleeding in, 581, 584, 586, 587 Ecthyma, 123 contagiosa (orf), 1404 Ectopia lentis in homocystinuria, 1669 in Marfan syndrome, 1670 Ectopic pregnancy, 790–791 elective abortion and, 776 hCG levels in, 781, 790 IUDs and, 774 minipill use and, 773 PID and, 763 ruptured, appendicitis differentiated from, 631, 790 Ectropion, 164 Eculizumab for atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, 543 for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 Eczema. See also Atopic dermatitis dyshidrotic. See Eczema, vesiculobullous hand herpeticum, 104, 1351, 1356t vaccinatum, 104, 1403, 1404 vesiculobullous hand (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 Edecrin. See Ethacrynic acid Edema arm, in breast cancer/postmastectomy, 727, 744 in burn injury, 1550 in cirrhosis, 33, 687–689 in filariasis, 1525, 1525f in glomerulonephritis, 907, 918, 920 in heart failure, 398–399, 401 hyponatremia and, 873 lower extremity, 33–34, 33t. See also Lower extremity edema
1802
CMDT 2013
Edema (Cont.): malabsorption and, 621t in nephrotic syndrome, 33, 34, 927, 928 optic disk. See Optic disk, swelling of in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 792, 793 refeeding, 1258 Reinke, 235 in superior vena caval obstruction, 482 thiazolidinediones causing, 1210 in venous insufficiency, 33, 34, 481 leg ulcers and, 33, 34, 153, 481 volume overload and, 877 Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA), for lead poisoning, 933, 1582 EDIC (Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) study, 1201 EDTA. See Edetate calcium disodium Efalizumab, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by, 1383 Efavirenz, 1342t, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART fetal anomalies caused by, 805, 1346 with tenofovir and emtricitabine, 1344, 1346, 1347, 1348f Effexor. See Venlafaxine Effusions. See Malignant effusions; Pericardial effusions; Pleural effusions Effusive-constrictive pericarditis, 422 Eflornithine for African trypanosomiasis, 1485, 1485t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 Egatin. See Triclabendazole eGFR. See Estimated glomerular filtration rate EGFR (epidermal growth factor) mutations/inhibitors in colorectal cancer, 1625 in gastric carcinoma, 1617 in lung cancer, 1600 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 EGWs. See External genital warts EHEC. See Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome aortic disorders/aneurysm in, 428, 474 pregnancy and, 431 mitral valve prolapse in, 340 Ehrlichia canis/chaffeensis/ewingii/muris (ehrlichiosis), 1356t, 1409t, 1414–1415 babesiosis coinfection and, 1415 Lyme disease coinfection and, 1415, 1481 EIA. See Enzyme immunoassay EIC. See Epidermal inclusion cysts EIEC. See Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive EIF2AK3 gene, in diabetes, 1196 Eighth nerve lesions. See Schwannoma, vestibular Eikenella corrodens. See HACEK organisms Eisenmenger physiology in atrial septal defect, 328
index in patent ductus arteriosus, 332, 333 pulmonary hypertension and, 424 in ventricular septal defect, 329, 330 Ejaculate, for semen analysis. See Semen analysis Ejaculation disturbances, 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/ impotence antidepressants causing, 1067, 1069 antipsychotics causing, 1059 after benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment, 958t, 960 in infertility, 955 Ejaculatory ducts, obstruction of, in infertility, 955–956 Ejection clicks. See Clicks Ektacytometry, in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 ELA-2/ELANE gene defect, in neutropenia, 510 Elapid (coral snake) envenomation, 1589–1590 Elastase, fecal in diarrhea, 580 reference values for, 1733t Elastic compression stockings. See Compression stockings Elastography, in liver disease/cirrhosis, 687 Elavil. See Amitriptyline Elbow bursitis of, 825, 825f, 826 tennis or golf, 1688 ulnar nerve lesions at, 1026 Elder mistreatment, 17, 72–73, 73t Elderly patients. See Geriatric medicine; Older adults Electric burns, 1550, 1552–1553 Electrical alternans, in pericardial effusion, 421 Electrical cardioversion. See Cardioversion, electrical Electrical injury, 1550, 1552–1553 Electrocardiogram (ECG). See also specific disorder in acute coronary syndromes, 361 in acute kidney injury, 902 ambulatory monitoring of in angina, 354 in atrial fibrillation, 388 in seizure evaluation, 971 in syncope evaluation, 397 in ventricular premature beats, 390 in angina, 352 antidepressants affecting, 1068, 1591, 1591f antipsychotic drugs affecting, 1057, 1057–1058, 1058, 1059 in aortic dissection, 477 in aortic regurgitation, 335t, 345 in aortic stenosis, 335t, 342 in atrial fibrillation, 384, 385 in atrial flutter, 389 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in cardiac tumors, 427 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 412t, 414, 416 in chest pain evaluation, 28t, 29 in coarctation of aorta, 327 in COPD, 261
in cor pulmonale, 426 exercise/stress in angina, 352–353 before exercise program initiation, 12 in heart failure, 400 in hyperkalemia, 880 in hypertension, 440 in hypokalemia, 879 in hypothermia, 1544, 1544f in infectious myocarditis, 410 lithium affecting, 1073 in mitral regurgitation, 335t in mitral stenosis, 335t in myocardial infarction, 366 in palpitations, 31, 32, 32t in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 382 in patent ductus arteriosus, 332 in pericardial effusion, 421 in pericarditis, 420 uremic, 912 preoperative, 46 in pulmonary embolism, 298 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in syncope, 397 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid regurgitation, 335t, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 335t, 346 in valvular heart disease, 335t in ventricular premature beats, 390 in ventricular septal defect, 330 Electrocautery, radiofrequency wave ablation (HALO), for Barrett esophagus, 595 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 1065, 1069–1071 for catatonia, 1058 for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 1060 Electrodesiccation and curettage for basal cell carcinoma, 142 for squamous cell carcinoma, 143 Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1382 in epilepsia partialis continua, 1004 in epilepsy, 971 absence (petit mal) seizures and, 970, 971 focal seizures and, 971 nonconvulsive status epilepticus and, 975 solitary seizure and, 974 in intracranial tumors, 991 isoelectric, in brain death determination, 1015 in psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure identification, 972, 1045 in sleep, 1075 Electrolytes. See also specific type disorders of concentration of, 870–888. See also specific electrolyte and Fluid and electrolyte disorders genetic disorders and, 878t replacement guidelines for, 897t requirements for in nutritional support, 897t, 1272
index Electromyography in back pain evaluation, 1684 in carpal tunnel syndrome, 824, 1689 in motor neuron disease, 1019–1020 in muscular dystrophy, 1034 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 in myotonic dystrophy, 1034 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 841 Electron beam CT (EBCT) in angina, 354 for heart disease screening, 1250 Electronystagmography (ENG), in vertigo, 210, 212 Electrophoresis. See Hemoglobin electrophoresis; Immunofixation electrophoresis; Serum protein electrophoresis Electrophysiologic testing in multiple sclerosis, 1011 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 in syncope evaluation, 397 Electrovaporization of prostate, transurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Elemental nutritional support solutions, 1273 Elephantiasis in chromoblastomycosis, 1540 in filariasis, 1525, 1525f Elestat. See Epinastine Elestrin, 1184 Eletriptan, for migraine headache, 964 Elevated intraocular pressure in acute angle closure glaucoma, 174 in chronic glaucoma, 176 Elidel. See Pimecrolimus ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Elitek. See Rasburicase Ellence. See Epirubicin Elmiron. See Pentosan Elocon. See Mometasone Elongation factor, diphtheria and, 1433 Eloxatin. See Oxaliplatin Elspar. See Asparaginase Eltrombopag for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518, 540 for thrombocytopenia chemotherapy-induced, 540, 1659 immune, 542 Elvitegravir, 1347. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Emadine. See Emedastine Embolectomy in acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 pulmonary, 303 Embolism. See also Thromboembolism; Venous thromboembolic disease acute arterial limb occlusion caused by, 468 in atrial fibrillation, 384–385, 385t in atrial flutter, 389 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328, 329 carotid sources of, 469 cerebrovascular occlusion and, 469– 470, 982. See also Stroke
in endocarditis, 1435, 1437, 1439 gas, in decompression sickness, 1557 in heart failure, 297, 405 mesenteric, 470, 471 in mitral stenosis, 338 in myocardial infarction, 375 paradoxic. See Paradoxic embolism peripheral arterial aneurysms and, 475–476 during pregnancy, 431 pulmonary. See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism in retinal artery occlusion, 183 in transient ischemic attacks, 469, 977, 978–979 in transient monocular blindness, 184, 469, 981 Embolization for GI bleeding, 583, 585, 618 for hemoptysis, 27 for pulmonary AVMs in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1672 Embryo. See Fetus Embryonal cell carcinoma, of testis, 1642 Emcyt. See Estramustine Emedastine, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Emergencies hypertensive. See Hypertensive emergencies in-flight (air travel), 1560 Emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 IUD for, 774, 776 Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, 1035t Emesis. See also Nausea and vomiting for poisoning/drug overdose, 1566 Emetine, for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t Emission, loss of (anejaculation), 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence EML4-ALK fusion gene product, in lung cancer, 1600 Emmetropia, 162 Emollients, 94, 98–99t for atopic dermatitis, 103 Emotional challenges, for terminally ill/ dying patient, 91–92, 92t Emotional laryngeal wheezing, 248 Emotive imagery, in anxiety disorders, 1044 Emphysema, 259, 260t. See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a1-antiprotease/antitrypsin deficiency in, 260 replacement therapy and, 264 bullectomy for, 265 complications of, 261 imaging findings in, 261 lung volume reduction surgery for, 265 panacinar bibasilar, 261 Emphysematous pyelonephritis, 941 Empty can test, 1677t Empyema anaerobes causing, 278, 279, 1455 group A streptococci causing, 1421 middle ear, 203. See also Otitis, media pleural, 278, 279, 313, 314t, 315
CMDT 2013
1803
in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 subdural, 1455 Emsam. See Selegiline, transdermal Emtansine, for breast cancer, 741 Emtricitabine, 1341t, 1343, 1348f, 1353t. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART for hepatitis B, 676, 1329, 1343, 1353t resistance to, 1349 with tenofovir, 1343, 1344, 1347, 1348f prophylactic, 1291, 1333 with tenofovir and efavirenz, 1344, 1346, 1347, 1348f with tenofovir and rilpivirine, 1346, 1347 Emtriva. See Emtricitabine Enalapril, 450t for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 450t with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t Enalaprilat, for hypertensive urgencies/ emergencies, 462t, 463 Enbrel. See Etanercept Encainide, toxicity of, 377 Encephalitis, 1286. See also Meningoencephalitis acanthamoeba, 1287, 1505–1506, 1506 amebic, 1287, 1506 anti-NMDA receptor-associated, 995 arbovirus, 1378–1380 CMV, 1364 in coxsackievirus infection, 1406 enterovirus 71 causing, 1407 herpes simplex, 1351, 1352, 1355 HHV-6 causing, 1366 inclusion body, 1368 Japanese B, 1378–1380 immunization against, 1316, 1380 limbic, 994–995 in loiasis, 1527, 1528 measles/measles vaccination and, 1368, 1369 mumps, 1371 neuronal cell antibodies and, 995 Nipah virus, 1393 parechovirus infection causing, 1408 parkinsonism after, 998 rabies, 1376 tick-borne, 1378, 1390–1391 toxoplasma, 1501, 1502 in varicella, 1359 West Nile, 1378–1380 yellow fever vaccine-associated, 1316, 1390 Encephalitozoon/Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 1506, 1507 Encephalomyelitis cancer-related, 995 in Lyme disease, 1479 measles/measles vaccine and, 1368, 1369 optic neuritis and, 188 yellow fever vaccine-associated, 1316, 1390 Encephalomyocarditis, neonatal, coxsackieviruses causing, 1406 Encephalopathy alcohol use/abuse and (chronic alcoholic brain syndromes), 1081, 1083
1804
CMDT 2013
Encephalopathy (Cont.): bovine spongiform (vCJD/mad cow disease), 1381–1382, 1382 in cancer, 994 hepatic. See Hepatic encephalopathy hypertensive, 440, 460 hyponatremic, 874 in hypophosphatemia, 885 in influenza, 1395 lead, 1582 gasoline sniffing and, 1086 lithium causing, 1073 in Lyme disease, 1479, 1480 melarsoprol causing, 1485 metabolic. See Metabolic encephalopathy in Reye syndrome. See Reye syndrome in rubella, 1375 spongiform, 1381–1382 uremic, 914 Wernicke, 893, 1013, 1081, 1264 End of life Kübler-Ross’ stages of, 91 patient expectations about, 87–88 prognosis at, 87 provision of care at, 87–93. See also Palliative care advance care planning/advance directives and, 89 care of family and, 88–89, 88t clinician self-care and, 89 communicating with patient and, 88, 88t cultural issues in, 90 decision-making and, 89 DNAR orders and, 89–90 in hospice/palliative care program, 90 nutrition/hydration needs and, 90–91 pain management, 75–76 patient’s wishes regarding, 89 psychologic/social/spiritual issues and, 91–92, 92t tasks after death and, 92–93 withdrawal/withholding curative efforts and, 91, 91t advance directives and, 89 End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 908, 909t, 915–916. See also Chronic kidney disease; Renal failure diabetic nephropathy and, 931, 1224 GFR calculation in, 900 hepatitis C infection and, 926 immunization recommendations in, 1309t kidney function decline and, 910, 910f kidney transplantation for. See Kidney transplantation medical management of, 916 pregnancy and, 914 prognosis in, 916 SLE and, 927 Endarterectomy carotid. See Carotid endarterectomy/ thromboendarterectomy visceral artery, for visceral ischemia, 471 Endemic flea-borne (murine) typhus, 1409t, 1410–1411
index Endemic goiter, 1134–1135 Endemic syphilis, 1475 Endocarditis infective, 1302t, 1435–1439, 1436f, 1437t, 1438t anaerobic, 1456 anticoagulation and, 1439 antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and, 1437, 1437t, 1438t in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 during pregnancy, 431, 803 aortic regurgitation and, 345 back pain in, 819 in bartonellosis, 1436, 1454 C psittaci causing, 1462 candidal, 1530 Coxiella/Q fever, 1415, 1416 in drug user, 1292, 1302t fever/FUO in, 1277 gonococcal, 1452, 1453 HACEK organisms causing, 1435, 1436, 1439 in mitral regurgitation, 339 native valve, 1435, 1437 anticoagulation and, 1439 pneumococcal, 1423 prosthetic valve, 338, 1435, 1437, 1439 anticoagulation and, 1439 staphylococcal, 1302t, 1435, 1438–1439 coagulase-negative organisms causing, 1428, 1435, 1439 streptococcal, 1421, 1435, 1438 viridans streptococci causing, 1302t, 1422, 1435, 1437–1438 surgical management of, 1439 tricuspid regurgitation and, 347 valve replacement for, 349, 1439 in ventricular septal defect, 330 Libman-Sacks, 428 in SLE, 833 Endocervical curettage, 748t in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747 in CIN/cervical cancer, 755, 757 in endometrial carcinoma, 759 Endoclips, for GI bleeding, 582, 585 for Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears, 582, 600 in peptic ulcer disease, 618 Endocrine disorders, 1093–1191. See also specific gland and specific disorder antipsychotic drug use and, 1059 cancer-related, 1596t in chronic kidney disease, 914 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330 in MEN, 1188–1190, 1188t. See also Multiple endocrine neoplasia preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 54–55, 54t radiation exposure and, 1554 Endocrine therapy. See Hormone therapy Endogenous unipolar disorder, 1063. See also Depression Endoglin (ENG) gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 in pulmonary hypertension, 424
Endoleaks, after abdominal aneurysm repair, 474 Endolymphatic hydrops (Ménière syndrome), 210, 210t hearing loss and, 208, 210, 210t Endometrial ablation, for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 Endometrial biopsy, 748t in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747, 748 in endometrial carcinoma, 759 in postmenopausal bleeding, 749 Endometrial carcinoma/cancer of uterus, 759, 1611t breast cancer and, 722, 723t, 759 estrogen replacement therapy and, 759, 779, 1183, 1185 HNPCC and, 656, 657, 759 incidence/mortality/risk of, 1594t oral contraceptive use and, 770, 772 polycystic ovary syndrome and, 765, 1162 postmenopausal bleeding and, 749, 759 Endometrial curettage. See Endometrial biopsy Endometrial hyperplasia estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183, 1184, 1185 postmenopausal bleeding caused by, 749 Endometriosis, 760–762 dysmenorrhea and, 750, 761, 1715 infertility and, 760 pelvic pain and, 760, 761, 1714, 1715 Endometritis, 762–764, 798. See also Pelvic inflammatory disease amenorrhea and, 1180–1181 clostridial, 777, 1429 postabortion, 777 postpartum, 798 clostridial, 1429 streptococcal, 804 Endomyocardial biopsy, in infectious myocarditis, 410 Endomyocardial fibrosis, cardiomyopathy in, 415 Endomyometritis, 798. See also Endometritis Endomysial antibodies, in celiac disease, 622 Endophthalmitis, globe injuries causing, 193 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 665 in biliary stricture, 708 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707, 708 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 714, 716 pancreatitis after, 714 during pregnancy, 807 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709, 1329 Endoscopic ultrasonography. See also Ultrasonography in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616, 1617 in gastric lymphoma, 1618 in gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619
index in insulinoma detection, 1172, 1240 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 713, 716, 717 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620 Endoscopy in achalasia, 605 in celiac disease, 622 in colorectal cancer screening/polyp identification/removal, 653, 653–654, 1626t, 1627–1628. See also Colonoscopy; Sigmoidoscopy in Crohn disease, 642 in diarrhea, 579 in dyspepsia, 565 in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 607, 608 in esophageal disorders, 592 Barrett esophagus, 595 benign neoplasms, 601 bleeding varices, 602–603 prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604 cancer, 1613 caustic injury, 599, 1571, 1572 eosinophilic esophagitis, 600 GERD, 594, 597 infectious esophagitis, 598 motility disorders, 606 pill-induced esophagitis, 598 stricture, 595 in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616, 1617 in gastric lymphoma, 1618 in gastric outlet obstruction, 619 in gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619 in GI bleeding, 582, 584, 618 obscure bleeding and, 586 occult bleeding and, 586 in peptic ulcer disease, 612, 618 in H pylori detection/assessment, 609– 610 in Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears, 582, 599, 600 in pancreatitis, 717 in peptic ulcer disease, 612 bleeding management and, 618 in pernicious anemia gastritis, 610 in polyp identification, 653 in ulcerative colitis, 647 in Whipple disease, 624 Endothelial erectile dysfunction, 951–952 Endothelin receptor blockers (ERB), for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f Endotracheal aspiration cultures, in pneumonia, 277 Endotracheal intubation. See Intubation Endovaginal ultrasound. See Ultrasonography Endovascular surgery/prostheses. See also Angioplasty; Stents/stent grafts for abdominal aortic aneurysm, 473, 474 for acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 for carotid occlusive disease, 470
for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 for intracranial aneurysms, 986 for intracranial venous thrombosis, 988 for lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 for renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917–918 for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 for thoracic aortic aneurysm, 475 for visceral artery insufficiency/ intestinal angina, 471 Endovascular warming, for hypothermia, 1544 Endovenous ablation, for varicose veins, 479, 1720 Endurance exercise. See also Exercise/ activity hyponatremia after, 871f, 873 Endurant. See Rilpivirine Enemas barium. See Barium enema for constipation, 572t Energy deficiency (protein–energy malnutrition), 1257–1258 Energy requirements, in nutritional support, 1271–1272 Enfuvirtide, 1342t, 1346, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART ENG. See Electronystagmography ENG (endoglin) gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 in pulmonary hypertension, 424 Engerix B. See Hepatitis B vaccine Enolase, neuron-specific, in pheochromocytoma, 1167 Enoxaparin, 557t, 559t for acute coronary syndromes, 361 after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction, 370 for venous thromboembolic disease prevention/treatment, 557t, 559t Entacapone, with levodopa and carbidopa, 999, 1000 Entamoeba, 1503. See also Amebiasis dispar, 1503 histolytica, 574t, 576, 578, 579, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1503 stool antigen tests for, 576, 579, 1504 moshkovskii, 1503 Entecavir, for hepatitis B, 675, 1353t Enteral nutritional support (tube feedings), 1270, 1270–1271, 1271f. See also Nutritional support in burn injury, 1551–1552 complications of, 1273 for Crohn disease, 643 for elderly, 70 in pancreatitis, 714 patient monitoring during, 1275 for protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 solutions for, 1272–1273, 1272t for terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 Enteric (typhoid) fever, 1445, 1445–1446 prevention/immunization and, 1315, 1446 Enteric infection. See also Gastroenteritis irritable bowel syndrome after, 633
CMDT 2013
1805
Enteritis. See Gastroenteritis Enterobacter infections, 1299t Enterobius vermicularis (enterobiasis/ pinworms), 1519–1520 Enterocele, 762 Enterococcus faecalis/faecium (enterococcal infection), 1299t, 1422 endocarditis, 1302t, 1422, 1435, 1438 Enterocolitis. See also Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis in HIV infection/AIDS, 575, 578, 1325, 1330 salmonella, 574t, 575, 1330, 1445, 1446 Enterocytozoon/Enterocytozoon bieneusi, 1506, 1507 Enteropancreatic tumors, in MEN, 1171, 1172, 1188t, 1189 Enteropathy AIDS, 1330 gluten-sensitive. See Celiac disease protein-losing. See Protein-losing enteropathy Enteroscopy, in GI bleeding, 585, 586 Enterostomies, tube, 1271, 1271f. See also Enteral nutritional support Enterovirus infections, 1356t, 1405–1408. See also specific virus Enterovirus 68, 1408 Enterovirus 70/enterovirus 71, 1407–1408 Enterovirus 72. See Hepatitis A virus Enterovirus 104A, 1408 Enthesopathy/enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis, 855 in lateral/medial epicondylosis, 1688 in psoriatic arthritis, 856 in reactive arthritis, 857 Entocort. See Budesonide Entrapment/compression neuropathy, 1026–1028. See also Neuropathies in amyloidosis, 1023 common peroneal (fibular) nerve, 1027 femoral nerve, 1027 lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (meralgia paresthetica), 1027 median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome), 823–824, 1688–1689, 1689t pronator teres or anterior interosseous nerve, 1026 radial nerve/Saturday night palsy, 1026, 1027 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827, 1024 sciatic nerve, 1027 tibial nerve (tarsal tunnel syndrome), 1027 ulnar nerve, 1026–1027 Entropion, 164 in trachoma, 166 Entry inhibitors, for HIV infection/AIDS, 1342t, 1346, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Enuresis, 1077–1078, 1078 in diabetes insipidus, 1098 in diabetes mellitus, 1197t imipramine for, 1068, 1078
1806
CMDT 2013
Environmental factors. See also Home environment in asthma, 243, 248, 310 control of, 248, 249f in diabetes mellitus, 1193, 1193–1194, 1194 disorders caused by, 1543–1561 burn injury, 1549–1552, 1549f cold causing, 1543–1546 dysbarism/decompression sickness, 1557–1558 electrical injury, 1552–1553 heat (hot environment) causing, 1547–1549 high-altitude illness, 1558–1560 lung disease, 292t, 307–312 near drowning, 1555–1557 radiation exposure causing, 1553–1555 in obesity, 1259 Environmental lung disorders, 292t, 307– 312. See also specific disorder Environmental tobacco smoke. See Passive smoking Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in antibiotic-associated colitis, 637 in leptospirosis, 1477 in syphilis, 1466t, 1467 Enzyme inhibitors, in cancer chemotherapy, 1653t Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). See also specific disorder in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1323, 1324t blood screening and, 1321 in Lyme disease, 1479, 1480 Eosinophil count, 1729t in asthma, 248 Eosinophilia in allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome), 306 in filariasis, 1525 in interstitial nephritis, 907 in pulmonary disorders. See Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes sputum, in asthma, 248 in toxocariasis/visceral larva migrans, 1523 Eosinophilic esophagitis, 592t, 600 Eosinophilic fasciitis, 839 Eosinophilic folliculitis, 129, 130, 1322 Eosinophilic gastritis, 610 Eosinophilic meningitis/ meningoencephalitis in angiostrongyliasis, 1522 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 in toxocariasis, 1523 Eosinophilic pneumonia, 297. See also Löffler syndrome Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes, 296– 297 ascariasis causing, 296, 1517 drugs causing, 296 filariasis and, 296, 1525 Eosinophiluria, 898 in interstitial nephritis, 907 Ependymoma, 990t, 993 Ephedra (ma huang), toxicity of, 1578t
index Ephedrine (“herbal ecstasy”), 1572 Ephelides (freckles), 101, 155, 156 Epicondylosis (epicondylitis), lateral and medial, 1687–1688 Epidemic encephalitis, enterovirus 71 causing, 1407 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis adenovirus, 165, 1402 coxsackievirus, 1406 Epidemic louse-borne typhus, 1408–1410, 1409t Epidemic pleurodynia, 1406 Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, 1201 Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations/inhibitors in colorectal cancer, 1625 in gastric carcinoma, 1617 in lung cancer, 1600 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 Epidermal inclusion cysts (EIC), 152 furuncles differentiated from, 151 Epidermoid cyst, testicular, 1643 Epididymitis, 940t, 944–945, 1303t chlamydial, 944, 945, 1303t, 1462 in filariasis, 1525 gonococcal, 944, 945, 1303t, 1452 Epididymo-orchitis, in mumps, 1370, 1371 Epidural abscess bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216 otitis media and, 205 vertebral osteomyelitis and, 861–862, 862, 1426 Epidural hemorrhage cerebral, 1017t spinal, 989 Epifrin. See Epinephrine Epigastric pain. See Abdominal pain/ tenderness; Dyspepsia Epiglottis, cancer of, 236 Epiglottis thumb sign, 235 Epiglottitis (supraglottitis), 235, 1420 Haemophilus causing, 235, 1442 Epi-LASIK, 162 Epilepsia partialis continua, 1004 Epilepsy, 968–975, 970t, 973t. See also Seizures drug therapy for, 972, 973t. See also Anticonvulsant therapy genetic, 969 myoclonic ragged red fiber (MERRF), 1036 myoclonus/myoclonic jerks and, 1004 photosensitive, 971 posttraumatic, 969 pregnancy and, 803, 972 seizure classification in, 969–970, 970t solitary seizure and, 974 structural/metabolic, 969 surgical management of, 974 vagal nerve stimulation in management of, 974 Epileptic drop attacks (atonic seizures), 970. See also Seizures Epinastine, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Epinephrine deficiency of, 1095 in Addison disease, 1156, 1158
for desensitization reactions, 1306, 1307 endoscopic injection of for GI bleeding/peptic ulcer, 582, 585, 618 for Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears, 582, 600 for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 177 in pheochromocytoma, 1166, 1167 for scombroid poisoning, 1589 for shock, 488 Epi-pen. See Epinephrine Epirubicin, 1653t for breast cancer, 736 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 toxicity of, 1653t, 1662 Episodic dyspnea, 25 Episodic laryngeal dyskinesis, 248 Epistaxis, 220–221 cocaine abuse and, 220, 1085 in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 220, 1671 juvenile angiofibroma and, 222 malabsorption and, 621t nasal trauma and, 220, 221 in polycythemia, 511 Epithelial cells/renal tubular casts, 898, 899t Epithelial LASIK (epi-LASIK), 162 Epivir. See Lamivudine Eplerenone for adrenal hyperplasia/Conn syndrome, 1166 for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 445t, 449–453 for myocardial infarction, 371 Epley maneuver, 211 EPO. See Erythropoietin Epoetin alfa. See Erythropoietin Epogen. See Erythropoietin Epoprostenol, for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425, 425f Epothilones, in cancer chemotherapy, 1652t Eprosartan/eprosartan with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t Epsom salts. See Magnesium sulfate Epstein-Barr virus, 1361–1363 Burkitt lymphoma and, 1363 hairy leukoplakia caused by, 1329 mononucleosis caused by, 228, 1357t, 1361–1362, 1361f nasopharyngeal carcinoma and, 223, 1363 Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Burkitt lymphoma/nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1363 in CNS lymphoma, 1327, 1362, 1363 Eptifibatide for acute coronary syndromes, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t platelet function affected by, 549t Epzicom. See Abacavir, with lamivudine Equianalgesic dosing, 79, 80–83t Equine encephalitis, 1378–1380 Equine rabies antiserum, 1377 ERB. See Endothelin receptor blockers Erb (limb-girdle) muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t
index Erbitux. See Cetuximab ERCP. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Erec-Aid System. See Vacuum erection device Erectile dysfunction/impotence, 951–953, 1050, 1051. See also Sexual dysfunction after benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment, 958t, 960 in chronic kidney disease, 909t, 914 in diabetes mellitus, 1226–1227 drugs causing, 952 antidepressants, 1051, 1067, 1069 antipsychotics, 1059 lithium, 1073 endocrine causes/hypogonadism and, 952, 1094, 1175 phosphodiesterase inhibitors/sildenafil for, 952, 1051, 1067, 1226 prostatectomy and, 1634 psychologic/psychogenic, 951, 952, 1050, 1051 vascular disease and, 464, 951, 952 Erections loss of, 951. See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence prolonged painful. See Priapism Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), 1149. See also Vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, 1137t, 1138 for vitamin D deficiency/osteomalacia, 1151 Ergosterol. See Ergocalciferol Ergotamine for migraine headache, 963 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 Eribulin, for breast cancer, 742 Erlotinib, 1654t for lung cancer, 1600 for pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 Erosive esophagitis. See Esophagitis Erosive gastritis. See Gastritis Erosive skin disorders, 95t Ertaczo. See Sertaconazole Ertapenem for anaerobic infections, 1455, 1455t for pneumonia, 277t Eructation (belching), 573 Eruptive psoriasis, 106. See also Psoriasis Eruptive xanthoma, 1247, 1248f in diabetes, 1197, 1228, 1248f Erysipelas, 136, 137f, 1303t, 1420–1421, 1421t Erysipeloid, 136 Erythemas, 95t, 132–138. See also specific type acral (hand-foot syndrome), chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in dermatomyositis, 840 figurate (shaped), 95t induratum, 150 infectiosum, 1356t, 1402 infectious, 136–138 marginatum, in rheumatic fever, 418 migrans, 135–136, 135f, 1478, 1479, 1481, 1482t. See also Lyme disease multiforme, 134–135, 134f drugs causing, 134, 135
herpes-associated, 134, 134f, 135, 1351, 1355 major. See Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Toxic epidermal necrolysis nodosum, 150–151, 150f in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 drugs causing, 150, 159t leprosum, 1460–1461 in sarcoidosis, 150, 296 palmar in cirrhosis, 686 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 pernio (chilblain), 1545 reactive, 132–136 in rosacea, 128, 129f toxic, drugs causing, 159t Erythrasma, 112, 146, 146f Erythroblastosis fetalis, prevention of, 785–786 Erythrocyte count in pleural fluid, 314, 314t reference values for, 1729t, 1734t Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 1729t Erythrocytes. See also under Red cell in anemia, 490, 491t in myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511t in pleural fluid, 314, 314t in polycythemia, 511, 511t preparation of for transfusion, 534 in thalassemias, 492, 494 in urine. See Hematuria; Red cell casts Erythrocytosis, 511 cancer-related, 1596t in polycythemia, 511 testosterone replacement therapy and, 1177 Erythroderma, exfoliative, 116–117 drugs causing, 116, 159t psoriatic, 106, 116. See also Psoriasis Erythrogenic toxin (pyrogenic erythrotoxin), 1419, 1421 Erythromelalgia, 837, 865 in essential thrombocytosis, 513, 514 Erythromycin. See also Macrolides for acne, 97t, 127 for amebiasis, 1505t for anthrax, 1433t with benzoyl peroxide, 97t for diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pharyngitis, 229, 1420 resistance and, 229 Erythroplakia, 224 Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, for chemotherapy-associated anemia, 1649 Erythropoietin (EPO) in anemia of chronic disease, 493 in polycythemia, 511, 512 reference values for, 1729t Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) for anemia of chronic disease, 493 for anemia of chronic kidney disease, 493, 913 for aplastic anemia, 509 for chemotherapy-induced anemia, 1649, 1659t for HIV infection/AIDS, 1339–1340
CMDT 2013
1807
for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 for primary myelofibrosis, 515 Erythrotoxin, pyrogenic (erythrogenic toxin), 1419, 1421 Erythrovirus (parvovirus B19) infection, 1402–1403 arthritis in, 861, 1402 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828, 861 erythema infectiosum and, 1356t, 1402 ESAs. See Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents Eschar formation in anthrax, 1432 in burn injury, 1551 in frostbite, 1546 in tick typhus, 1414 Escharotomy, in burn care, 1551 Escherichia coli, 1299t, 1447 antibodies to, in Crohn disease, 642 diarrhea/gastroenteritis/food poisoning caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1447 enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), 574t, 575, 1294t enteroinvasive (EIEC), 574t, 1293, 1447 enterotoxigenic (ETEC), 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t, 1297, 1298, 1447 Escherichia coli O104:H4, 575 Escherichia coli O145, 1447 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 574t, 575, 1447 diarrhea caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t, 1447 antibiotics contraindicated in, 1296, 1447 hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by, 542, 543, 543t, 575, 1296, 1447 Escin, for venous insufficiency, 34 Escitalopram, 1067, 1070t Esclim, 1183 Esidrix. See Hydrochlorothiazide Esmolol for arrhythmias, 378t atrial fibrillation, 372, 386 infarct-related, 372 supraventricular tachycardia, 378t, 382 for hypertension in aortic dissection, 477 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 Esomeprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors Esophageal clearance, abnormal, in GERD, 594 Esophageal dilation for achalasia, 605 for esophageal webs and rings, 600–601 for stricture, 595, 599 Esophageal diverticula, 601 Esophageal dysphagia, 592, 592t. See also Dysphagia Esophageal manometry. See Manometry Esophageal motility disorders, 604–606 chest pain/discomfort in, 355, 606 dysphagia in, 592, 592t, 605–606 in scleroderma, 838, 839 Esophageal pH monitoring, 593 in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234, 593, 594, 596–597
1808
CMDT 2013
Esophageal (Schatzki) rings, 592t, 600–601 Esophageal spasm, diffuse, 592t, 606 Esophageal sphincter, lower in achalasia, 604, 605 chronic aspiration of gastric contents and, 308 in GERD, 593 Esophageal varices, 601–604 cirrhosis and, 581, 601, 602, 604, 687 GI bleeding from, 581, 601–604 portal hypertension and, 581, 601 noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 700 prevention of first bleeding episode and, 604 prevention of rebleeding from, 603–604 Esophageal webs, 600–601 iron deficiency anemia and (PlummerVinson syndrome), 491, 600 Esophagectomy for Barrett esophagus, 595 for caustic esophageal injury, 599 for esophageal cancer, 1613–1614 Esophagitis bisphosphonates and, 1146 candidal, 598, 1529, 1530, 1542 in HIV infection/AIDS, 598, 1325, 1329, 1338t, 1530 chest pain/discomfort in, 355, 598 CMV, 598, 1364 eosinophilic, 592t, 600 erosive/reflux. See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease chest pain/discomfort in, 355 GERD and, 593, 594, 596, 597 GI bleeding and, 581 refractory, 597 strictures and, 595 herpetic, 598, 1351, 1352, 1355 in HIV infection/AIDS, 598, 1325, 1329 infectious, 598 pill-induced, 598–599 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, in cirrhosis, 687 Esophagography, barium. See Barium esophagography Esophagus Barrett, 594–595 esophageal carcinoma and, 595 benign tumors of, 601 cancer of, 1611t, 1612–1615 adenocarcinoma, 1613 Barrett esophagus and, 595 bisphosphonate use and, 1147 dysphagia in, 592t, 1613, 1614 squamous cell, 1613 disorders of, 591–607, 592t. See also under Esophageal and Esophagitis benign, 599–604 caustic injury, 599, 1571, 1572 chest pain/discomfort in, 29, 355, 594, 598, 605, 606 dysphagia in, 592, 592–593, 592t, 598, 599 GERD, 593–597 motility and, 604–606. See also Esophageal motility disorders in scleroderma, 592t, 838, 839
index foreign body in, 239 nutcracker, 606 resection of, for cancer, 1613, 1614 rupture of pleural effusion in, 314t vomiting and (Boerhaave syndrome), 568 sigmoid, 605 strictures of caustic injury causing, 599 dysphagia in, 592t, 595 peptic, 592t, 595 Espundia (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), 1487, 1488, 1489 ESRD. See End-stage renal disease Essential fatty acids, in nutritional support, 1272 Essential hypertension, 435–436. See also Hypertension in pregnancy, 438, 802 Essential thrombocytosis, 511t, 513–514 Essure, for tubal interruption, 777 Estazolam, 1042t Estimated glomerular filtration rate, 899– 901, 900t. See also Glomerular filtration rate reference/normal value for, 899, 1730t Estrace, 1184 Estraderm, 1184 Estradiol. See also Ethinyl estradiol for breast cancer, 740 in estrogen replacement therapy, 779, 780, 1182, 1183–1184, 1184 transdermal, 779, 1182, 1183–1184, 1184, 1184–1185 serum levels of in menopause, 1181 reference values for, 1729t Estradiol intramuscular, 1184–1185 Estradiol transdermal systems (skin patches), 1183–1184 Estradiol vaginal ring contraceptive, 773 in estrogen replacement therapy, 780, 1184 with progestin, 1184 Estradiol vaginal tablets, 1184 Estramustine, 1650t Estrasorb, 1184 Estratab, 1184 Estratest, 1185 Estring, 1184 EstroGel, 1184 Estrogen-progesterone therapy. See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy Estrogen receptor modulators, selective (SERMs). See Selective estrogen receptor modulators Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy, 779–780, 1182–1185. See also Estrogens; Selective estrogen receptor modulators adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t agents used in, 779–780, 1183–1185 for atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, 780, 1184 benefits of, 1182 breast cancer/breast cancer risk and, 722, 743–744, 780, 1182, 1183
cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703, 780, 1183 endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma and, 759, 779, 1183, 1184, 1185 growth hormone replacement and, 1097 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism affected by, 1144 intramuscular, 1184 lipid modification/heart disease and, 780, 1182, 1183 mastalgia in patient receiving, 1717 nipple discharge caused by, 720 oral, 1184 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1147 ovarian cancer risk and, 1183 without progestins, 1182, 1182–1183, 1184 with progestins, 779–780, 1182, 1183, 1184 risks of, 780, 1182–1183 after surgical menopause, 780 transdermal, 1183–1184 in Turner syndrome, 1186–1187 vaginal, 780, 1184 for vasomotor symptoms of menopause, 779–780, 1182 in XY gonadal dysgenesis, 1175 Estrogen vaginal creams, 780, 1184 Estrogens. See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t amprenavir/fosamprenavir therapy and, 1345 for bleeding in chronic kidney disease, 913 for breast cancer, 740 in male, 746 in fibrocystic breast condition, 718, 719 hypertension and, 438 in menopause, 779 with methyltestosterone, 1185 oral, 1184 in oral contraceptives, 770, 771–772t plant-derived, 1185 without progestins, 779, 1182, 1182– 1183, 1184 with progestins, 779–780, 1182, 1183, 1184 receptors for antagonists of, in cancer chemotherapy, 739, 740, 1657t in breast cancer, 733–734 in male, 746 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 therapy and, 736, 738, 739 reference values for, 1730t testicular tumors producing, 1177 transdermal, 779, 1183–1184 in utero exposure to, testicular cancer and, 1642 vaginal, 780, 1184 Estrone in estrogen replacement therapy, 779 serum levels of, in menopause, 1181 Estropipate, 1184
index Eszopiclone, 1042t, 1076 Etanercept. See also Anti-TNF agents for psoriasis, 108 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 ETEC. See Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Ethacrynic acid, 445t lithium use and, 1074 Ethambutol, 284t, 289t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t, 284t for MAC infections, 1338t, 1458 for tuberculosis, 284–285, 284t, 285, 289t in pregnancy, 285, 805 Ethanol (ethyl alcohol). See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse blood levels of in acute intoxication/poisoning, 1080, 1579 reference values for, 1730t for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, 1566t, 1584 for thyroid nodules, 1125 Ethanol-associated hypoglycemia, 1083, 1222, 1238, 1238t, 1579 Ethanol intoxication/poisoning, 1080, 1569t, 1579–1580. See also Alcohol use/dependency/ abuse metabolic acidosis/osmolar gap and, 877, 1081, 1569, 1569t Ethics, principles of care and, 2 Ethinyl estradiol. See also Estradiol; Estrogens amprenavir/fosamprenavir therapy and, 1345 for emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 in estrogen replacement therapy, 1184 in oral contraceptives, 770, 771–772t in transdermal contraceptive patch, 773 in vaginal contraceptive ring, 773 Ethmoiditis/ethmoid sinusitis, 215, 216 Ethnicity. See Racial/ethnic background Ethosuximide, 973t, 1723t Ethyl alcohol. See Alcohol use/ dependency/abuse; Ethanol Ethylene glycol poisoning, 1566t, 1569t, 1584 anion gap/osmolar gap in, 877, 891, 1569, 1569t, 1584 hemodialysis for, 1568t, 1584 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), for lead poisoning, 933, 1582 Ethynodiol diacetate, in oral contraceptives, 771t Ethyol. See Amifostine Etodolac, 77t Etonogestrel in contraceptive implant, 773 in contraceptive vaginal ring, 773 Etopophos. See Etoposide Etoposide/etoposide phosphate, 1653t for lung cancer, 1600 for testicular cancer, 1643 Etravirine, 1342t, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Etretinate, adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t
Eucerin, 94, 98t Eulexin. See Flutamide Eumycetoma (maduromycosis), 1540 Euphoria marijuana-induced, 1085 opioid-induced, 79 EUS. See Endoscopic ultrasonography Eustachian tube, 201 dysfunction of, 201–202 barotrauma and, 202 cholesteatoma and, 204, 204f hearing loss and, 198, 201 in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 serous otitis media development and, 202 patulous, 202 Euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 Euvolemic hypernatremia, 876 Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, 871f, 872–873, 874 Evamist, 1184 Evans syndrome, 506 Evaporative cooling, for heat stroke, 1548 Event recording in atrial fibrillation, 388 in palpitation evaluation, 31 in seizure evaluation, 971 in syncope evaluation, 397 Everolimus, 1654t for breast cancer, 741 Eversion (high) ankle sprain, 1704–1705, 1704t Evista. See Raloxifene Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum), 1350, 1356t, 1366 Exanthems. See also Rashes rickettsial, 1356–1357t in simple drug eruption, 160 viral, 1356–1357t, 1402–1404 Exchange lists, diabetic diet, 1205 Exchange transfusion. See also Transfusion for malaria, 1493 for sickle cell crises, 504 for thrombotic microangiopathies, 543 Excitement (arousal) stage of sexual activity, 1049 disorders related to, 1049–1050, 1050–1051. See also Sexual dysfunction in female, 766, 767, 1714 Exclamation hairs, in alopecia areata, 157 Executive function, impaired, dementia causing, 59, 1006 Exelderm. See Sulconazole Exemestane, 1656t for breast cancer prevention/treatment, 723, 740t, 741 Exenatide, 1206t, 1211, 1211–1212, 1220–1221 for obesity, 1261 overdose/toxicity of, 1211–1212, 1220–1221, 1580 Exendin 4. See Exenatide Exercise/activity angina precipitated by, 351 asthma/bronchoconstriction precipitated by, 243, 247. See also Asthma back pain and, 821, 1684, 1686 in cancer prevention, 12–13, 15, 1594
CMDT 2013
1809
cardiovascular/heart disease prevention and, 7t, 12–13, 1252 in women, 1707 in constipation management, 571 for COPD, 264 in dementia management, 1007, 1008 in diabetes insulin requirements and, 12, 1218 prevention/management and, 12–13, 1202, 1203, 1220 in fall prevention/management, 66, 67t for fatigue/chronic fatigue syndrome, 40 in health maintenance, 12–13 in heart failure management, 12–13, 406 heart murmurs affected by, 337t heat exposure syndromes and, 1547, 1548 hypertension/hypertension management and, 11, 12–13, 436, 441, 441t hyponatremia and, 871f, 873 in obesity management/prevention, 12–13, 13, 14, 1260 for osteoarthritis, 12–13, 811 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 11, 12–13, 780, 1146, 1710 for polycystic ovary syndrome, 766 during pregnancy, 784 prescription for, 13 reduced. See Bed rest; Immobility ventricular premature beats and, 390 Exercise challenge (bronchial provocation) testing, in asthma, 247 Exercise-induced asthma, 243, 247. See also Asthma Exercise-induced hypoglycemia, 12, 1222 Exercise testing. See also Stress testing in asthma, 247 in chest pain/angina, 29, 352–353 echocardiography, 46, 353, 400 electrocardiography, 12, 352–353 before exercise program initiation, 12 perfusion scintigraphy, 353 postinfarction, 375 preoperative, 46–47, 48f radionuclide angiography, 353 in syncope evaluation, 397 Exertional headache, primary, 966 Exertional heat-related disorders/stroke, 1547, 1548 Exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma, 116–117 drugs causing, 116, 159t psoriatic, 106, 116. See also Psoriasis Exforge. See Valsartan, for hypertension, with amlodipine Exforge HCT. See Valsartan, for hypertension, with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide Exhibitionism, 1049 Existential challenges, for terminally ill/ dying patient, 92, 92t Exon 12/13 mutation, 511, 1732t Exophiala, phaeohyphomycosis caused by, 1541
1810
CMDT 2013
Exophthalmos (proptosis), in dysthyroid eye/Graves disease, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 Exostoses, ear canal, 201 Exposure (cold). See Cold exposure Exposure keratitis, 167 Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, 280, 285 External auditory canal. See Ear canal External genital warts, 140. See also Venereal (genital) warts External hordeolum (sty), 163, 163f External otitis/malignant external otitis, 200–201 earache in, 200, 206 External rotation, assessment of in ankle, 1704, 1704t in shoulder, 1676t adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) and, 1682 rotator cuff strength and, 1677t, 1680 External rotation stress test, in ankle sprain, 1704, 1704t Extinction (behavior), personality disorders and, 1052 Extracorporeal counterpulsation, for angina, 358 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones, 950 for salivary stones, 232 for ureteral stones, 950 Extramammary Paget disease, 117 Extraocular movements. See Eye (extraocular) movements Extrapyramidal disorders/effects antipsychotic drugs and, 1055, 1057t, 1060, 1061, 1574 lithium and, 1073 SSRIs and, 1067 Extrasystoles. See Atrial (supraventricular) premature beats; Ventricular premature beats Extrauterine pregnancy. See Ectopic pregnancy Extremities. See also Lower extremity; Upper extremity hypothermia of, 1545–1546 swelling of, in filariasis, 1525, 1525f traumatic injury to, complex regional pain syndrome and, 824–825 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), 310, 310t Exubera, 1217 Exudates pharyngotonsillar, 228, 228f pleural fluid, 313, 313t, 314, 314t, 315 Eye, 162–195, 195–197t. See also under Ocular; Optic; Visual chemical burns involving, 194, 1571, 1572 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t decontamination of, 194, 1566 disorders of, 162–195. See also specific type and Visual impairment/ loss allergic, 166–167
index in Behçet syndrome, 178, 853 bisphosphonates causing, 1147 in blood dyscrasias, 186–187 chlamydial, 165–166 diabetes and, 185–186, 185f, 1197t, 1201, 1223. See also Diabetic retinopathy drugs (systemic) causing, 195, 195– 197t dysthyroid, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115– 1116, 1117–1118 gonococcal, 165, 1452 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849, 849f headache and, 41–42, 962 herpes simplex infection, 1351 herpes zoster infection, 120, 173, 1331 in HIV infection/AIDS, 187, 187f hypertension and, 186, 440, 440f inflammation, 165t, 177–178. See also Conjunctivitis; Uveitis in leptospirosis, 1477 in loiasis, 1527 management of ophthalmic agents in, 168–172t precautions in, 194–195 in microsporidiosis, 1507 in onchocerciasis, 1526–1527 refractive errors, 162–163 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 in SLE, 833 in syphilis, 1471 systemic disease associations and, 185–187 in toxocariasis/visceral larva migrans, 1523 traumatic, 192–194, 193f in vitamin A deficiency, 1266, 1267 dry (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), 166 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 examination of in coma or stupor, 1014 after decontamination, 1566 in diabetes patients, 185, 1223 in glaucoma prevention, 176 in Marfan syndrome, 1670 foreign body in conjunctival/corneal, 192 intraocular, 192 painful. See Ocular/orbital pain systemic drugs affecting, 195, 195–197t Eye drops. See also Ophthalmic medications allergic/toxic reaction to, 166, 195 autologous serum, 166 contaminated, 195 systemic effects associated with use of, 195 Eye movement desensitization reprocessing, for PTSD, 1040 Eye (extraocular) movements in coma or stupor, 1014 disorders of in myasthenia gravis, 1032 in ocular motor palsies, 190 “Eye worm” (Loa loa), 1527
Eyelids blepharitis affecting margins of, 110, 163–164 disorders of, 163–164, 163f in dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1112 lacerations of, 193 seborrheic dermatitis affecting margins of, 110 tumors of, 164 Ezetimibe, 1254, 1255t Ezogabine, 972, 973t F cells, pancreatic, 1171 Face. See also under Facial age-related changes in, aesthetic procedures for, 1720–1721 herpes zoster affecting, 119, 213, 1358. See also Ramsay Hunt syndrome seborrheic dermatitis affecting, 109 Facial neuropathy, 1027, 1028, 1028f. See also Bell palsy Facial pain, 967–968 atypical, 967–968 in bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216, 968 in glaucoma, 968 in rhinocerebral mucormycosis, 217 Facial paralysis/palsy, 1027, 1028, 1028f. See also Bell palsy in herpes zoster infection (Ramsay Hunt syndrome), 213, 1358, 1359 Lyme disease and, 1028f, 1479, 1481, 1482t otitis media and, 205 in sarcoidosis, 1024 Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, 1035t Factitious disorders, 1046 diarrhea, 574t, 579f fever, 1277 hypoglycemia, 1239, 1243 thyrotoxicosis, 1111, 1113 Factiv. See Gemifloxacin Factor II antibodies, 553 Factor II deficiency, 552 Factor V antibodies, 553 Factor V deficiency, 552 Factor V Leiden, DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297 Factor VII deficiency, 552 Factor VIII acquired antibodies to, 552 deficiency of in hemophilia, 550 in von Willebrand disease, 551 inhibitors of in hemophilia, 549, 550, 550–551 reference values for, 1730t Factor VIII concentrate for hemophilia, 550, 550t vWF-containing, for von Willebrand disease, 550t, 552 Factor IX deficiency of in hemophilia, 550 inhibitors of in hemophilia, 549, 550, 550–551 Factor IX concentrate, for hemophilia, 550, 550t Factor X deficiency, 552 Factor Xa, fondaparinux affecting, 558
index Factor Xa inhibitors, for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, 387 Factor XI deficiency, 550t, 552 Factor XII deficiency, 552 Factor XIII deficiency, 552 Factor concentrates, for hemophilia, 550 Factor inhibitors, in hemophilia, 549, 550, 550–551 Faget sign, 1389 Failure to thrive (unintended weight loss), in elderly, 37, 37t, 69–70 Fainting, 396. See also Syncope Fallot pentalogy of, 331 tetralogy of, 331–332 pulmonary valve regurgitation and, 332, 348 Falls, in elderly, 65–66, 66t, 67t fear of, 66 prevention/injury prevention and, 17, 66, 67t False vocal folds, cancer of, 236, 237 Famciclovir, 1353t for herpes simplex infections, 118–119, 598, 1330, 1338t, 1352, 1353t for herpes zoster, 120, 173, 1331, 1339t, 1353t prophylactic/suppressive, 118, 119 Familial adenomatous polyposis, 654– 655, 1622 colorectal cancer and, 654, 655, 1622, 1623 genetic mutations associated with, 655, 1622 small intestinal adenocarcinoma and, 655, 1620 Familial (benign essential) tremor, 997 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Familial combined hyperlipidemia, 1245 Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1381, 1382. See also CreutzfeldtJakob disease Familial dysautonomia, prenatal testing for, 783 Familial hemiplegic migraine, 963 Familial hypercholesterolemia, 1245 Familial hyperchylomicronemia, 1245 Familial hypocalcemia, 878t Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, 878t, 884, 1142 Familial juvenile polyposis, 655 Familial Mediterranean fever, 591 Familial melanoma, 101 Familial paraganglioma, 1167 Familial partial lipodystrophy type I, 1160 Familial renal glycosuria, 1198 Family/significant others, of patient at end of life caring for, 88–89, 88t follow-up/grieving and, 93 Family counseling for anxiety disorders, 1044 chronic pain disorders and, 1049 cognitive disorders and, 1089 in depression, 1072 for paraphilias and gender identity disorders, 1051 psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1091
for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1062 for somatoform disorders, 1047 Family planning. See also Contraception symptothermal natural, 775 Famotidine, 613. See also H2 receptor blocking drugs Famvir. See Famciclovir Fanapt. See Iloperidone Fanconi anemia/syndrome, 538, 886, 892, 936 Fansidar (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine), 1492t, 1493, 1496 with amodiaquine, 1496 with artesunate, 1493t, 1496 for isosporiasis, 1508 for prophylaxis in pregnancy/infants, 1498 resistance to, 1493, 1496 FAP. See Familial adenomatous polyposis Fareston. See Toremifene Farmer’s lung, 310t Farsightedness (hyperopia), 162 Fasciitis eosinophilic, 839 necrotizing, 1421, 1425, 1456 cellulitis differentiated from, 137 palmar cancer and, 864 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 in Dupuytren contracture, 824 Fasciola hepatica/gigantica (fascioliasis), 1512–1513 Fasciolopsis buski (fasciolopsiasis), 1513 Fasciotomy, in burn care, 1551 Faslodex. See Fulvestrant Fasting cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703 in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240, 1240t Fasting hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t. See also Hypoglycemia Fasting plasma glucose, in diabetes, 1198, 1198t, 1218 pregnancy and, 784, 800, 801 Fat. See also Lipid disorders/lipids body. See Body fat; Obesity dietary, 1269. See also Lipid disorders/ lipids colorectal cancer and, 1269, 1623 in diabetic diet, 1204 gastrointestinal gas and, 573 lowering. See Lipid-lowering therapy fecal. See Fecal fat intravenous, in nutritional support, 1272, 1274 Fat necrosis of breast, 720–721 Fat-restricted diet, 1269. See also Low-fat diet for pancreatitis, 714, 716 Fatal familial insomnia, 1381, 1382 Fatigue, 38–40, 39f, 86 in Addison disease, 1157, 1158 in diabetes mellitus, 1197t palliation of, 86 Q fever causing, 1416 sleep disorders and, 38, 40, 319 Fatty acids in nutritional support, 1272 omega-3. See Omega-3 fatty acids trans, preventable disease/deaths associated with high intake of, 3t
CMDT 2013
1811
Fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) alcoholic, 681 drugs/toxins causing, 683 hepatitis C and, 671 liver failure and, 673 nonalcoholic, 684–685 of pregnancy, 673, 795 in Reye syndrome. See Reye syndrome FBN1 gene mutation, in Marfan syndrome, 1670 5-FC. See Flucytosine fCJD. See Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Fe. See Fractional excretion Febrile agglutinins, 1277 Febuxostat, for hyperuricemia/gout, 816 in transplant patients, 816 Fecal antigen assay, in H pylori infection, 565, 609, 613 Fecal DNA tests, in colorectal cancer screening/polyp identification, 653, 1626t, 1627 Fecal elastase in diarrhea, 580 reference values for, 1733t Fecal examination. See Stool analysis Fecal fat in bacterial overgrowth, 625 in diarrhea, 579, 579f, 580 reference values for, 1730t Fecal immunochemical test (FIT). See also Fecal occult blood testing in colorectal cancer screening/polyp identification, 16, 653, 1626t, 1627 constipation and, 570, 571 in GI bleeding, 586 in peptic ulcer disease, 612 Fecal impaction, 572–573 “overflow” fecal incontinence/diarrhea and, 572, 660 urinary incontinence and, 68 Fecal incontinence, 659–660 fecal impaction and, 572, 660 Fecal leukocytes, in diarrhea, 575, 576f, 579, 579f, 1293 Fecal occult blood testing in cancer screening/polyp identification, 15t, 16, 653, 1623, 1626t, 1627 in constipation, 570, 571 in gastric cancer, 1616 in GI bleeding, 586 in Kaposi sarcoma, 145 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in peptic ulcer disease, 612 Fecal osmolality, diarrhea and, 577–578 Fecal transplant, for antibiotic-associated colitis relapse, 638 Feces. See Stool analysis Feeding tubes, 1270–1271, 1271f. See also Enteral nutritional support Feet atherosclerotic/occlusive disease and, 466–468 callosities and corns of, 141 in diabetes/vascular disorders, 141, 1224
1812
CMDT 2013
Feet (Cont.): in diabetes mellitus, 141, 1224–1225, 1227–1228 immersion/trench, 1545–1546 mycetoma affecting, 1540 peripheral artery aneurysms affecting, 476 tinea of, 111f, 112–113, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx), 121–122 tinea differentiated from, 113 Felbamate, 972, 973t overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1573–1574 Feldene. See Piroxicam Felodipine, 454t for angina, 356 for hypertension, 453, 454t lower extremity edema caused by, 33 overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 1576 Felty syndrome, 510, 827 Fem-fem bypass, for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 Female athlete triad, 1712–1713 Female condom, 775 Female health issues. See Women’s health issues Female infertility. See Infertility Female pattern hair loss, 156, 1719–1720 Female sex hormones. See Estrogens Female sexual dysfunction, 766–767, 1714 Femara. See Letrozole Femhrt, 1184 Femoral arteries aneurysms of, 476 atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 465–466 compression of, in DVT detection, 300 Femoral cutaneous nerve, lateral, lesions of (meralgia paresthetica), 1027 Femoral neck fracture. See Hip fracture Femoral neuropathy/femoral nerve palsy, 1027 Femoral-popliteal bypass, 466 Femoral pulses, in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 FemPatch, 1183–1184 Femring, 1184 Femtosecond laser assisted LASIK (IntraLASIK), 162 Femtrace, 1184 Fenofibrate, 1254, 1255t Fenofibric acid, 1255t Fenoldopam, for hypertensive urgencies/ emergencies, 462t, 463 Fenoprofen, 77t Fentanyl/fentanyl oral transmucosal and buccal/fentanyl transdermal, 79, 80–81t methyl analogues of, abuse of, 1086, 1586–1587 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Fentora. See Fentanyl FEP. See Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin Ferric gluconate. See Iron, supplementary Ferriman-Gallwey scale, 1161 Ferritin, 490, 492 in anemia of chronic disease, 492
index in anemia of chronic kidney disease, 493, 913 in hemochromatosis, 695 in iron deficiency anemia, 492 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 reference values for, 1730t in Still disease, 831 Ferroportin, 490 in hemochromatosis, 695 Ferrous sulfate. See Iron, supplementary Fertility awareness, contraception based on, 775–776 Fertility disorders. See Infertility Fertilization, in vitro, 768, 769, 956 Fesoterodine, for urinary incontinence, 68 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 783, 1081 Fetal fibronectin, preterm labor and, 796 Fetal hemoglobin. See Hemoglobin F Fetal lung maturity delivery in preeclampsia/eclampsia and, 794 preterm labor and, 796 Fetal monitoring in diabetes, 801 in HIV infection/AIDS, 805 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 794, 795 in third-trimester bleeding, 797 Fetal-placental unit, in preeclampsiaeclampsia, 793, 793t, 794, 795 Fetal testing. See Prenatal testing/ diagnosis Fetal varicella infection, 804 a-Fetoprotein. See Alpha-fetoprotein Fetotoxic drugs, 782, 782t Fetus. See also Pregnancy electrical injury during pregnancy and, 1553 hepatitis transmission to, 667, 783, 806 herpes simplex transmission to, 806, 1351, 1355 HIV transmission to, 805–806, 1321, 1336 Lyme disease transmission to, 1481, 1482 malaria transmission to, 1490 radiation affecting, 1554 rubella affecting, 1374, 1375 syphilis transmission to, 806, 1464, 1474 thyroid disease affecting, 800, 1106, 1117 toxoplasmosis transmission to, 1501, 1502 FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in first second) in asthma, 244f, 245t, 246, 246t, 256, 257, 258f bronchial provocation testing and, 246 exacerbation classification/ management and, 246t, 256, 257, 258f in COPD, 260, 265 corticosteroid treatment and, 263 lung cancer surgery and, 1598–1599 FEV1/FVC ratio in asthma, 244f, 246 in COPD, 260
Fever, 35–36, 36t in acute bacterial diarrhea/food poisoning, 575 cancer-related, 1276, 1277, 1596t in cirrhosis, 686 in critically ill patient, 1283, 1284 drug user presenting with, 1292–1293 factitious (self-induced), 1277 giant cell arteritis and, 846, 1277 health care-associated, 1276, 1283, 1284 in HIV infection/AIDS, 36, 1276, 1277, 1324–1325 in malaria, 1490 medications causing, 1283 in neutropenic patient, 36, 510, 1276, 1277 antimicrobial therapy and, 36, 510, 1281–1282, 1302t, 1648 postoperative, 1283 in pulmonary embolism, 298t in serum sickness, 867 severe, with thrombocytopenia, 1385 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 589 in Still disease, 831, 1277 in thrombotic microangiopathies, 543, 543t travel and, 1296, 1297 of unknown/undetermined origin (FUO), 35–36, 1276–1278 in giant cell arteritis, 846, 1277 in Whipple disease, 623 Fever/cold sore (herpes simplex), 118–119, 118f, 1350–1351, 1352. See also Herpes simplex infection Fexofenadine, 99 for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 for urticaria, 133 FFI. See Fatal familial insomnia FGF23. See Fibroblast growth factor-23 FHM. See Familial hemiplegic migraine Fiber, dietary, 571, 572t, 1269 for anal fissures, 660 in colorectal cancer prevention, 1269, 1623 constipation and, 571 in diabetes mellitus, 1205, 1269 diverticular disease and, 651, 652, 1269 for hemorrhoids, 658 for irritable bowel syndrome, 634, 1269 lipid-modifying effects of, 1252 for urinary stone disease, 948 Fiber laxatives, 571, 572t Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates), for lipid modification, 1254 Fibrillation. See Atrial fibrillation; Ventricular fibrillation Fibrillin gene mutation, in Marfan syndrome, 1670 Fibrin D-dimer anticoagulation duration and, 559 in DIC, 545 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 34, 299, 300, 301f chest pain evaluation and, 29 reference values for, 1729t Fibrinogen deficiency of in liver disease, 553
index in DIC, 545 reference values for, 1730t replacement. See Cryoprecipitate Fibroadenoma of breast, 719–720, 1718 Fibroblast growth factor-23 (phosphatonin), 884, 1150 in metabolic bone disease/renal osteodystrophy/ osteomalacia/rickets, 912, 1150 Fibrocystic breast condition, 718–719, 1718, 1719 breast cancer risk and, 718, 719, 722, 723t nipple discharge in, 718, 720, 720t Fibroelastoma, valvular papillary, 427 Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium, 1150, 1152 Fibroid tumor of uterus, 757–759 Fibromuscular dysplasia/hyperplasia renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension and, 437, 917, 918 transient ischemic attacks and, 977 Fibromyalgia, 822–823 Fibronectin, fetal, preterm labor and, 796 Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, 675 FibroSure score, in cirrhosis, 687 Fibular (peroneal) nerve, common, injury to, 1027 Fidaxomicin, for antibiotic-associated colitis, 637, 638 Field defects/loss. See Visual field defects/ loss; Visual impairment/loss Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum), 1356t, 1402 Figurate (“shaped”) erythema, 95t. See also specific type and Erythemas Filariasis, 1524–1528 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and, 296, 1525 loiasis, 1527–1528 lymphatic, 1524–1525, 1525f onchocerciasis, 1526–1527 Filgrastim (G-CSF) for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1649, 1659t for HIV infection/AIDS, 1340 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 for neutropenia, 510, 1649 for stem cell mobilization, 532, 533 Filoviruses, hemorrhagic fevers caused by, 1384, 1385 Financial abuse, of elderly, 72 Financial planning, advance, for dementia patients, 62 Finasteride (5-alpha-reductase inhibitor), 1163 for androgenetic (pattern) baldness, 156 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 959–960, 960 for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 for urinary incontinence, 69 Fine-needle aspiration biopsy/cytology for breast lump evaluation/ management, 718, 719, 727– 728, 728f, 729f, 1718, 1719. See also Breast, biopsy of
in lung cancer, 1597 for metastatic neck disease, 240 in mycobacterial lymphadenitis, 240 for parotid tumors, 233 thyroid, 1105t, 1124–1125, 1124t in thyroid nodules/cancer, 1105t, 1124–1125, 1124t in thyroiditis, 1121 in visceral leishmaniasis, 1488 Fingernails, disorders of. See Nail disorders Fingers in nocardiosis, 1457 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 in pompholyx (vesiculobullous hand eczema), 121, 121f in Raynaud phenomenon, 836, 837 in rheumatoid arthritis, 826, 826f, 831 in scleroderma, 838 thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) involving, 472 Fingolimod, for multiple sclerosis, 1011 Firearms, prevention of injury caused by, 17 Firmagon. See Degarelix First aid. See also Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in near drowning, 1556 First-degree burn, 1550 First-degree heart block, 394, 394–395 in myocardial infarction, 373 First heart sound (S1). See Heart sounds Fish. See also Shellfish anisakiasis and, 610, 1524 clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis and, 1513 gnathostomiasis and, 1522 intestinal flukes and, 1513 mercury contamination and, 1583 poisoning caused by, 1589, 1589t tapeworm infection and, 1514 FISH. See Fluorescent in situ hybridization Fish oil/omega-3 fatty acids platelet function affected by, 549t preventable disease/deaths associated with low intake of, 3t Fish tapeworm (D latum), 1514 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 497, 1514 Fistula in ano, 661 Fistulas bacterial overgrowth and, 625 in Crohn disease, 641, 642, 661 in diverticulitis, 652 perianal, 661 perilymphatic, 210t, 211 FIT. See Fecal immunochemical test Fitness. See also Exercise/activity functional, 13 Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome, 763 5q– syndrome, 517, 518 Fixed drug eruptions, 159t FLAER (fluorescein-labeled proacrolysin variant) assay, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 Flagellates, intestinal, 1510. See also specific type Flagyl. See Metronidazole Flail leaflet, 340 Flame (clothing) burns, electrical, 1552
CMDT 2013
1813
Flank pain in polycystic kidney disease, 934, 935 in pyelonephritis, 941 in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 in urinary stone disease, 947, 947–948 Flash (arcing) burns, 1552 Flashbacks, psychedelic drug use and, 1084 Flashing lights (photopsia), in migraine headache, 963 Flatus, 573 in lactase deficiency, 573, 626 Flaviviruses Chikungunya fever caused by, 1392 dengue caused by, 1386 encephalitis caused by, 1378–1380, 1390 hemorrhagic fevers caused by, 1384, 1385 yellow fever caused by, 1389 Fleas in bacillary angiomatosis, 1331 in California rickettsiosis, 1409t in endemic typhus, 1409t, 1410–1411 in plague transmission, 1451 skin lesions caused by, 149 in tick typhus transmission, 1414 Flecainide, 377, 378t for atrial fibrillation, 387 overdose/toxicity of, 377, 378t, 1588 “Fleeting blindness” (amaurosis fugax), 184, 469, 981 FleetsPhospho-soda. See Sodium phosphate Flexible sigmoidoscopy. See Sigmoidoscopy Flexion, assessment of, in shoulder, 1676t Fliers. See Air travel Flies in African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485 in amebiasis, 1503, 1504–1505 in leishmaniasis, 1487, 1489 in loiasis, 1527 in onchocerciasis, 1526, 1527 Floaters, in vitreous hemorrhage, 180 Flolan. See Epoprostenol Floppy iris/eye syndrome, 179, 959 Floppy mitral valve. See Mitral valve prolapse Flower cells, in adult T cell lymphoma/ leukemia, 1384 Floxin. See Ofloxacin FLT3 gene, in acute leukemia, 519 Flu. See Influenza Flu shots. See Influenza virus vaccine Fluconazole, 110, 1541t for candidiasis, 110, 1530 disseminated disease, 1530 endocarditis, 1530 esophageal, 598, 1338t, 1530 funguria, 1530 mastitis, 132 oral, 226, 1329 prophylactic, 1337 vulvovaginal, 132, 752, 1338t, 1530 for coccidioidomycosis, 1337, 1533 for cryptococcal meningitis, 993, 1337, 1338t, 1536 for onychomycosis, 158 prophylactic, 1281 for tinea versicolor, 114
1814
CMDT 2013
Flucytosine, 1541t for cryptococcal meningitis, 1338t, 1536 Fludara. See Fludarabine Fludarabine, 1651t for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 Fludrocortisone for Addison disease, 1157 for autonomic dysfunction/diabetic neuropathy, 1021, 1226 for renal tubular acidosis, 892t, 894 Fluid and electrolyte disorders, 870–888. See also specific electrolyte assessment of, 870, 871t in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 management/replacement guidelines and, 897, 897t Fluid management/hydration, 897, 897t. See also Water/fluid intake in ARDS, 323 in burns, 1550–1551 chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and, 1661 in cholera, 1448 cisplatin therapy and, 1662 contrast media nephrotoxicity mediated by, 904 in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1233 for diarrhea/gastroenteritis, 576, 897t, 1296 in GI bleeding/variceal hemorrhage, 581, 602 gout and, 814, 815 heat exposure syndromes and, 1547, 1548 for hypercalcemia, 884, 1143, 1646–1647 for hyperemesis gravidarum, 787 for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 for hypernatremia, 876 for hyponatremia, 874–875 hypotension in poisoning/drug overdose and, 1563 with hypotonic fluids, hyponatremia and, 872 lactation and, 786 for metabolic alkalosis, 895 methotrexate therapy and, 1662 in nausea and vomiting, 568 nutritional support and, 897, 1271 for pancreatitis, 713, 714 in protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 for rhabdomyolysis, 844, 905 in shock, 486, 487 cardiogenic, 374, 487 for terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 for tumor lysis syndrome/ hyperuricemia, 1647 in urinary stone disease, 947, 948, 949 water deficit calculation and, 876 Fluid volume alterations. See also Dehydration hyperosmolality with and without, 877 metabolic alkalosis and, 894–895 overload, 877 Flukes, infections caused by, 1511–1514. See also specific type blood flukes (schistosomiasis), 1511–1512 liver/lung/intestinal flukes, 1512–1514
index Flumazenil, for benzodiazepine overdose/ coma, 1043, 1563, 1566t, 1579–1580 FluMist. See Influenza virus vaccine Flunisolide for allergic rhinitis, 218 for asthma, 253t Fluocinolone, 96t, 1190t Fluocinonide, 96t Fluorescein-labeled proacrolysin variant (FLAER) assay, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), for HER-2/neu assessment in breast cancer, 734 Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. See FTA-ABS test Fluorometholone, for ophthalmic disorders, 170t Fluoroquinolones adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215–216 for diarrhea, 577 hypo- and hyperglycemia caused by, 1244 for pneumonia, 273, 273t Fluorouracil, 1652t for actinic keratoses, 117 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for colorectal cancer, 1625, 1626 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 Fluoxetine, 1067, 1070t. See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors breastfeeding and, 782t in elderly, 63 lithium interactions and, 1074t MAOI interactions and, 1585 for OCD, 1044 overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1591–1592 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 for psychosexual disorders, 1051 Fluoxymesterone, 1176 for aplastic anemia, 509 Fluphenazine, 1056, 1056t, 1057t. See also Antipsychotic drugs enanthate or decanoate forms of, 1059 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Flurandrenolide, 96t, 1190t Flurazepam, 1042t, 1043, 1076 Flurbiprofen, 77t for ophthalmic disorders, 169t Flutamide, 1163, 1656t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 for prostate cancer, 1637t Fluticasone for allergic rhinitis, 218 for asthma, 251t, 253t for COPD, 263 with salmeterol, 251t, 263 Flutter valve breathing devices for bronchiectasis, 266 for chronic bronchitis, 264 for cystic fibrosis, 268 Fluvastatin, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs Fluvoxamine, 1067. See also Serotoninselective reuptake inhibitors
MAOI interactions and, 1585 overdose/toxicity of, 1591–1592 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 Fluzone High-Dose. See Influenza virus vaccine, high-dose Flying. See Air travel Flying squirrels, in epidemic louse-born typhus, 1408 FML/FML Forte/FML S.O.P. See Fluorometholone FMR1 gene, in fragile X mental retardation, 1667 FNA cytology. See Fine-needle aspiration biopsy/cytology Foam sclerotherapy, for varicose veins, 479 FOBT. See Fecal occult blood testing Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver, 701, 702 telangiectatic, 702 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 920t, 930 in HIV-associated nephropathy, 931 Focal (partial) seizures, 969, 970t. See also Seizures differential diagnosis of, 971 drug therapy for, 972, 973t intracranial tumors causing, 969, 989 schizophrenia differentiated from, 1055 transient ischemic attack differentiated from, 971, 978 Focal torsion dystonia, 1003 Folate. See Folic acid Foley catheter fluid resuscitation in burn care and, 1551 health care (hospital)-associated urinary tract infection and, 1282, 1284 in shock management, 486 FOLFIRI regimen, 1625 FOLFIRINOX regimen, 1609 FOLFOX regimen, 1625, 1626 Folic acid (folate), 499 antagonists/inhibition of synthesis of. See also Methotrexate in cancer chemotherapy, 1651t for malaria, 1497, 1498 deficiency of, 490, 499, 499t hereditary spherocytosis and, 501 in homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia, 1668 in pregnancy, 499, 799 thrombocytopenia and, 540 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 498, 499 supplementary, 499 for hemoglobin H disease, 496 for hereditary spherocytosis, 501 for homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia, 1669 with methotrexate, 829, 1658t, 1661, 1662 in pregnancy, 499, 783, 785, 799 seizure disorders and, 803 Folinic acid (leucovorin) rescue with 5-fluorouracil, 1625, 1658t with methotrexate, 829, 1658t, 1661, 1662 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in amenorrhea, 1163, 1179, 1180, 1180–1181, 1181
index deficiency of, 1093, 1094. See also Hypogonadism in hirsutism/virilization, 1163 in hypogonadism, 1093, 1094, 1097, 1173, 1175 in infertility workup, 768, 955 for male infertility, 955, 1097 in menopause, 779, 1181 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162, 1163 recombinant, for ovulation induction, 769 reference values for, 1730t in testicular cancer, 1177 Follicular bronchiolitis, 269 Follicular lymphoma, 524, 525 stem cell transplantation for, 533 Folliculitis, 129–130, 130f, 1425 acne and, 126, 129 eosinophilic, 129, 130, 1322 in HIV infection/AIDS, 129, 130, 1322, 1331 nasal vestibulitis and, 130, 217 steroid (steroid acne), 126, 129 Follitropins, for infertility, 1097 Folotyn. See Pralatrexate Fomepizole, for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, 1566t, 1584 Fomivirsen, 1353t, 1365 Fondaparinux, 555, 557t, 558, 559t for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t coagulopathy caused by, 554 for myocardial infarction, 362t after thrombolytic therapy, 370 for venous thromboembolic disease prevention/treatment, 557t, 558, 559t Fonsecaea pedrosoi, chromoblastomycosis caused by, 1540 Food allergy/intolerance to anaphylaxis caused by, 866 atopic dermatitis and, 103 dyspepsia caused by, 564 aspiration of (café coronary), 308 contaminated. See specific disease and Food poisoning esophageal foreign body, 239 goitrogenic, 1134 inadequate, in protein–energy malnutrition, 1257 MAOI interactions and, 1000, 1585 oral antimicrobial administration and, 1305 supplementing oral intake and, 1270– 1271, 1271f. See also Nutritional support withholding, in terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 Food poisoning, 575, 1293, 1294–1295t. See also Gastroenteritis botulism, 1033–1034, 1294t, 1431 Cyclospora causing, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1506–1507, 1507 seafood contamination/toxicity and, 1589, 1589t vibrios causing, 574t, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1298, 1448 Foot. See Feet
Foramen ovale, patent, 327–329 Forced diuresis in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 urinary stones and, 950 Forced expiratory volume in one second. See FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in one second/ forced vital capacity ratio. See FEV1/FVC ratio Forced vital capacity. See FVC Foreign body aspiration of, 238–239. See also Aspiration retention and, 308 conjunctival/corneal, 192 in ear canal, 200 esophageal, 239 intraocular, 192 in trachea and bronchi, 238–239, 308 in upper aerodigestive tract, 238–239, 308 Formaldehyde, marijuana soaked in (“AMP”), 1085 Formication, stimulant abuse and, 1055 Formoterol, for asthma, 250–252, 251t with budesonide, 251t, 252 Fortaz. See Ceftazidime Forteo. See Teriparatide Fortesta, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Fortovase. See Saquinavir Fosamprenavir, 1341t, 1344, 1345, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART with ritonavir, 1345 Fosaprepitant, 569, 569t Foscarnet, 1353t for CMV infection, 187, 598, 1338t, 1353t, 1365 for herpes simplex infections, 1338t, 1352, 1353t for herpes zoster, 120, 1339t, 1353t, 1359 Foscavir. See Foscarnet Fosinopril/fosinopril with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t Fosphenytoin, 974 Fourth heart sound (S4/atrial gallop). See Heart sounds Fourth nerve paralysis, 190 Foxglove, toxicity of, 1578–1579 FOXP3 gene, in type 1 diabetes, 1193 FPN1 gene, in hemochromatosis, 695 Fractional excretion, 870 of magnesium, in hypomagnesemia, 888 of nitric oxide, in asthma, 248 of phosphate, 886 of sodium in acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis, 902t, 903, 905 in glomerulonephritis, 908 Fractional flow reserve, in angina, 354 Fracture-dislocation, spinal, 1018 Fractures. See also specific type and under Bone atypical, bisphosphonates causing, 1147 in diabetes, 1228 in elderly, falls and, 65
CMDT 2013
1815
estrogen replacement therapy affecting risk of, 1182 in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 1139, 1141 in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 912 in osteomalacia, 1150, 1151 in osteoporosis, 11, 1144, 1710 prevention of, 11, 1710–1711 in Paget disease of bone, 1152, 1153 pathologic. See Pathologic fractures risk assessment tool and, 1710 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 Fragile X mental retardation, 1667 Fragile-X tremor-ataxia syndrome, 1667 Fragility fractures. See Pathologic fractures Frailty, in elderly, 69–70 Frambesia (yaws), 1300t, 1475 Framingham score/projections, 1249– 1250t, 1250 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 obesity and, 14 for women, 1249–1250t, 1250, 1706 Francisella tularensis (tularemia), 1450– 1451 Frataxin gene, in Friedreich ataxia, 1022 FRAX tool, 1710 Freckles (ephelides), 101, 155, 156 Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, 1730t Free-living amebas. See Amebas Free thyroxine assay (FT4), 1105, 1105t. See also Thyroxine in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 in hyperthyroidism, 1113 amiodarone-induced, 1113 during pregnancy, 800, 1113 thyroiditis and, 1121 after treatment, 1115, 1116 in hypopituitarism, 1095 in hypothyroidism, 1107 levothyroxine treatment and, 1096, 1107, 1108 reference values for, 1735t thyroid cancer surveillance and, 1132 Free thyroxine index (FT4I) in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 in hyperthyroidism, 1113 hypothyroidism in pregnancy and, 1109 Free triiodothyronine (FT3), 1105, 1105t in hyperthyroidism, 1105t, 1113 Frenzel goggles, in vertigo evaluation, 210 Freons, toxicity of, 1588 Frequency, urinary. See Irritative voiding symptoms Fresh-frozen plasma, transfusion of, 537. See also Transfusion for anticoagulant overdose, 1573 for bleeding disorders, 537, 550t for cirrhosis-related bleeding, 690–691 for DIC, 545, 546t for GI bleeding/variceal hemorrhage, 582 for thrombotic microangiopathies, 543 Fresh whole blood, transfusion of, 534. See also Transfusion Frey procedure, for pancreatitis, 717 Friction rubs. See Pericardial friction rub; Pleural friction rub; Tendon friction rub
1816
CMDT 2013
Fried rice, Bacillus cereus contamination of, 1293, 1294t Friedreich ataxia, 1022 Frigidity, 1050 Frontal lobe lesions, 989 Frontal sinusitis, 215, 216 Frontotemporal dementias, 1008–1009, 1008t Frostbite, 1545, 1546 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 Frostnip, 1545 Frovatriptan, for migraine headache, 964 Frozen packed red blood cells, transfusion of, 534. See also Transfusion Frozen shoulder, 1682–1683 in diabetes, 1228 Fructosamine, serum levels of in diabetes mellitus, 1199 reference/normal values for, 1199, 1730t Fructose for diabetics, 1205 diarrhea caused by, 578 flatus caused by, 573 FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone FT3. See Free triiodothyronine FT4. See Free thyroxine assay FT4I. See Free thyroxine index FTA-ABS test, 1466, 1466t on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF FTA-ABS), 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335 FTO gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 FU. See Fluorouracil Fucithalmic. See Fusidic acid Fugue, 1041 Fukuda test, 210 Full liquid diet, 1268 Full-thickness burn, survival and, 1550 Fulminant ulcerative colitis, 646, 649 Fulvestrant, 740, 740t, 1657t Fumagillin, for microsporidiosis, 1508 Functional alimentary hypoglycemia, 1242–1243 Functional asthma, 248 Functional capacity/status, assessment of/ screening for cancer evaluation and, 1663 in elderly, 57–58, 59 Functional dyspepsia, 564, 565, 566 Functional fitness, 13 Functional hyperventilation. See Hyperventilation Functional proteinuria, 898–899 Functional testing, in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 Fundoplication for erosive esophagitis/GERD, 597 with myotomy, for achalasia, 605 Fungal infections, 1529–1542. See also specific type of bones and joints, 862–863 drugs for, 97–98t, 1541–1542, 1541–1542t. See also Antifungal agents in HIV infection/AIDS otologic, 213 prevention of, 1337 rashes, 1331 keratitis, 173–174
index myocarditis in, 409t of nails, 157, 158 opportunistic, 1280–1281 superficial, 110–114, 110f, 111f, 113f. See also Tinea in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 systemic/invasive, 1529–1542 sinusitis, 217–218 Fungemia in candidiasis, 132, 1530, 1542 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 Funguria, candidal (candiduria), 1529, 1530 FUO. See Fever, of unknown/ undetermined origin Furazolidone, for giardiasis, 1509 Furosemide. See also Diuretics; Loop diuretics in acute tubular necrosis, 905–906 for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for heart failure, 401 infarct-related, 373 for hypercalcemia, 884 for hypertension, 445t, 446 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 1138 hypokalemia and, 878 lithium use and, 1074 for pulmonary edema, 408 Furuncles/furunculosis, 151–152, 1303t, 1421t, 1425, 1425f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Fusarium, in opportunistic infection, 1540–1541, 1542 Fusidic acid, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Fusilev. See Levoleucovorin Fusion inhibitors. See Entry inhibitors Fusobacteria/Fusobacterium necrophorum, 1419, 1420, 1454 Fuzeon. See Enfuvirtide FVC (forced vital capacity) in asthma, 244t, 246 in COPD, 260 in cystic fibrosis, 267 ratio of to forced expiratory volume in one second. See FEV1/FVC ratio FXTAS (fragile-X tremor-ataxia syndrome), 1667 G6PD deficiency. See Glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency G20210A prothrombin mutation in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 GA (tabun) poisoning, 1587 GABA. See Gamma-aminobutyric acid Gabapentin, 972, 973t. See also Anticonvulsant therapy for menopausal symptoms, 780, 1181, 1186 for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy, 84–85, 84t, 1021, 1049, 1225 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1573 for phobic disorder, 1044
for postherpetic neuralgia, 121, 968, 1359 for restless legs syndrome, 1004 for seizures, 972, 973t GABHS. See Group A b-hemolytic streptococcal infection GAD65 antibodies, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Gadolinium, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis caused by, 437, 917, 937 Gait/gait disorders. See also Falls in ACL injury, 1693 in elderly, 65–66, 66t, 67t hip osteoarthritis and, 1691 in meniscal injuries of knee, 1700 in normal-pressure hydrocephalus, 1007 in parkinsonism, 998 in spinal stenosis, 822 in tabes dorsalis, 1472 Galactomannan, in invasive aspergillosis, 1537 Galactorrhea, 1102, 1103 a-d-Galactosidase enzyme (Beano), for gastrointestinal gas, 573 Galantamine, for dementia, 61, 1008 Galerina (amatoxin/aminitin toxin) mushroom poisoning, 1585–1586 Gallaverdin phenomenon, 342 Gallbladder carcinoma of, 1605–1606, 1606, 1607 cholesterolosis of, 703t, 705 gangrene of, 705 hydrops of, 705 porcelain, 703t, 705, 1606 during pregnancy, 703, 704, 807 removal of. See Cholecystectomy stones in. See Cholelithiasis strawberry, 705 Gallium nitrate, for cancer-related hypercalcemia/toxicity/bone pain, 1647 Gallstone ileus, 703 Gallstones. See Cholelithiasis Galvus. See Vildagliptin Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), 769 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in Huntington disease, 1002 Gamma-butyrolactone, overdose/toxicity of, 1580 Gamma-globin, in sickle cell syndromes, 503 Gamma globulin intravenous. See Intravenous immune globulin serum in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in cirrhosis, 687 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels alcohol use/abuse and, 1081 in liver disease/jaundice, 664 reference values for, 1730t Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, overdose/ toxicity of, 1580 Cushing syndrome and, 1158, 1160 Gamma interferon. See Interferon-g Gamma knife radiation/gamma radiosurgery
index for intracranial arteriovenous malformations, 988 for pituitary adenoma, 1102, 1104, 1160 for thyroid cancer brain metastases, 1131 for trigeminal neuralgia, 967 Gammopathy, monoclonal. See Monoclonal gammopathy Gamolenic acid, for fibrocystic condition, 719 Ganciclovir, 1353t for CMV infection, 187, 598, 1280, 1337, 1338t, 1353t, 1365 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t, 187, 1365 Ganfort. See Bimatoprost/timolol Ganglioneuromas, in MEN, 1188t, 1190 Gangrene anaerobic infection and, 1456 bacterial synergistic, 1456 digital, in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 of feet, in diabetes mellitus, 1227–1228 of gallbladder, 705 gas, 1300t, 1428–1429 Gardasil. See Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardner syndrome, epidermal inclusion cysts in, 152 Gardnerella infection (bacterial vaginosis), 751–752, 752f, 753 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 1291 Gas, gastrointestinal, 573–574 Gas gangrene, 1300t, 1428–1429 Gasoline, sniffing, 1086 Gastrectomy for carcinoids, 1619 for gastric cancer, 1617 prophylactic, 1616 hypoglycemia after, 1242 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 497 Gastric acid/gastric contents aspiration of. See also Aspiration acute (Mendelson syndrome), 308, 1283 anaerobic pneumonia/lung abscess and, 278, 1303t chemical pneumonitis and, 308 chronic, 308 in comatose patient, 1562 nosocomial pneumonia and, 275 hypersecretion of, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 inhibition of secretion of. See Acidantisecretory agents; Antacids; H2 receptor blocking drugs; Proton pump inhibitors radiation affecting secretion of, 1554 reflux of. See Gastric acid refluxate; Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastric acid refluxate. See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease abnormal clearance of, 594 irritant effects of, 593–594 Gastric banding surgery, for obesity, 14, 1261 in type 2 diabetes, 1220
Gastric bypass, for obesity, 14, 1261 hypoglycemia after, 1242 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Gastric cancer, 1612t adenocarcinoma, 1615–1618 H pylori infection and, 609, 1615, 1616 pernicious anemia gastritis and, 610 carcinoid tumors, 1619, 1621 dyspepsia in, 564, 1616 GI bleeding and, 581, 1616 H pylori gastritis and, 609, 1615, 1616 lymphoma, 1618–1619 H pylori infection and, 525, 609, 1618, 1618–1619 mesenchymal tumors, 1619–1620 peptic ulcer disease and, 609, 617, 1616–1617 pernicious anemia gastritis and, 610 Gastric emptying delayed antipsychotics causing, 1059 in GERD, 594 in scleroderma, 839 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1566, 1567 Gastric lavage, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 Gastric mucosal biopsy, in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616, 1617 Gastric neoplasms benign, 620–621 malignant. See Gastric cancer Gastric outlet obstruction in peptic ulcer disease, 619 vomiting and, 567t, 568, 619 Gastric pH nosocomial pneumonia and, 276 in Zollinger Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 619–620 Gastric polyps, 620–621 Gastric ulcers, 611, 612, 613, 614t, 615, 616. See also Peptic ulcer disease gastric cancer and, 609, 617, 1616–1617 H pylori gastritis and, 609 refractory, 617, 1617 Gastric varices, GI bleeding from, in portal hypertension, 581, 601 Gastrin D cells secreting, 1171 hypersecretion of carcinoid tumors and, 1619 in pernicious anemia gastritis, 610 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 proton pump inhibitors affecting, 613, 620 reference values for, 1730t Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), 619–620, 1172, 1189 carcinoid tumors and, 1619 GERD and, 597, 619 in MEN, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 peptic ulcer disease and, 617, 619–620, 1172, 1189 Gastritis, 607–610. See also Gastropathy alarm symptoms in, 608 alcoholic, 607, 608 in anisakiasis, 610, 1524
CMDT 2013
1817
atrophic H pylori infection and, 610 in pernicious anemia, 497, 610 CMV, 610, 1364 eosinophilic, 610 erosive/hemorrhagic, 607–609 GI bleeding and, 581, 607 H pylori, 564, 609–610 gastric cancer and, 609, 1615, 1616 nonerosive/nonspecific, 609–610 NSAID, 607, 608, 828–829 in pernicious anemia, 497, 610 phlegmonous/necrotizing, 610 stress, 321, 607, 608 Gastroenteritis, 1303t. See also Diarrhea adenoviruses causing, 1293, 1330, 1402, 1404–1405 amebic (intestinal amebiasis), 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1503, 1503– 1504, 1504, 1504f, 1505t appendicitis differentiated from, 631 Bacillus cereus causing, 574t, 1293, 1294t campylobacter, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1449 Guillain-Barré syndrome and, 1024 clostridial, 574t, 575, 576, 636–638, 1293, 1294t coccidial and microsporidial, 1330, 1506–1508 E coli causing, 574t, 575, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1296, 1447 food-borne. See Food poisoning hypokalemia and, 878 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 575, 578, 1325, 1330 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633 in measles, 1368 nausea/vomiting in, 575 noroviruses/Norwalk virus causing, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 reactive arthritis and, 857 rotaviruses causing, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 salmonella causing, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1446 shigella causing (shigellosis), 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1447 staphylococcal, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t in vibrio infection, 574t, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1298, 1448 viral, 574t, 575, 1293, 1330, 1404–1405. See also specific virus Yersinia enterocolitica causing, 574t, 575, 576, 1293, 1295t Gastroesophageal junction mucosal laceration of. See MalloryWeiss syndrome/tears stricture at. See Esophagus, strictures of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 593–597 alarm features/troublesome symptoms and, 594, 596 antipsychotics causing, 1059 Barrett esophagus and, 594–595
1818
CMDT 2013
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Cont.): chest pain/discomfort in, 355, 594, 606 chronic gastric aspiration and, 308 cough and, 22, 22t, 23, 234, 594 dyspepsia in, 564, 594 erosive (reflux) esophagitis/GI bleeding and, 581, 593, 594, 597 esophageal webs and rings and, 600 extraesophageal manifestations of, 594, 596–597 gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) and, 597, 619 heartburn in, 592, 593, 594 laryngopharyngeal reflux and, 234 peptic stricture and, 595 in scleroderma, 838, 839 Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma gastric, 1615–1618 H pylori infection and, 609, 1615, 1616 pernicious anemia gastritis and, 610 small intestine, 1620 Crohn disease and, 643, 1620 Gastrointestinal bleeding, 580–587. See also specific cause abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and, 474 acute lower, 583–585 upper, 580–583 from angioectasias, 581, 584, 586, 587 anorectal disease causing, 583, 584 aspirin and, 76, 583, 612 in cirrhosis, 581, 601, 602, 687 colorectal cancer and, 584, 1623 diverticular, 583, 584, 585, 652 in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 581, 607 gastric cancer and, 581, 1616 from gastrointestinal/esophageal varices, 581, 601–604 hemorrhoids causing, 584, 657, 658 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 923 hepatic encephalopathy and, 602, 690 in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 581, 584, 1671 iron deficiency and, 491, 586–587 Kaposi sarcoma causing, 145 Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears and, 581, 582, 599–600 noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 700 NSAIDs and, 76, 583, 607, 615, 615–616, 828–829 obscure, 585–586, 587 occult, 586–587. See also Fecal occult blood testing in peptic ulcer disease, 581, 617–618 in polycythemia, 512 in portal hypertension/portal hypertensive gastropathy, 581, 601, 608 rebleeding and, 582, 602, 618, 828 in stress gastritis, 608 tumors causing, 581, 584 in typhoid fever, 1445–1446 Gastrointestinal carcinoids gastric, 1619, 1621 small intestine, 1620–1621
index Gastrointestinal fluid losses, replacement guidelines for, 897t Gastrointestinal gas, 573–574 Gastrointestinal irritant-type mushroom poisoning, 1586t Gastrointestinal lymphoma gastric, 1618–1619 H pylori infection and, 525, 609, 1618, 1618–1619 small intestine, 1620 Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619–1620 small intestinal sarcoma and, 1622 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 1619–1620, 1622 Gastrointestinal system, 564–661. See also specific structure or organ and under Intestinal anaerobic flora of, 1456 decontamination of, in poisoning/drug overdose, 1566–1568, 1568t caustic/corrosive agent ingestion and, 1566, 1567, 1571, 1572 disorders of, 564–661 adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t Angiostrongylus causing, 1522 in anisakiasis, 610, 1524 in anthrax, 1431, 1432, 1433 in ascariasis, 1517 bleeding. See Gastrointestinal bleeding cancer, 1612–1630 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t chemotherapy-induced, 1660–1661 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 CMV infection and, 1364 in common variable immunodeficiency, 868 constipation and, 570–573, 570t, 572t in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 diarrhea and, 574–580, 574t, 576f, 579f dyspepsia in, 564–566 in enterobiasis/pinworm infection, 1520 exenatide use and, 1211, 1211–1212 flukes causing, 1513–1514 functional dyspepsia, 564, 565, 566 irritable bowel syndrome, 632– 636 gastrointestinal gas and, 573–574 in gnathostomiasis, 1522 hiccups and, 569–570 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329–1330 in hookworm disease, 1518 in hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 1139 in hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 liraglutide use and, 1212 luminal gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, 564 mesenchymal tumors, 1619–1620 motility. See Motility disorders
mushroom poisoning causing, 1585, 1586t nausea and vomiting in, 566–569, 567t noncardiac chest pain/discomfort and, 606–607 in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1168t radiation causing, 1554 in schistosomiasis, 1511 in scleroderma, 838, 839 in strongyloidiasis, 578, 1519 in syphilis, 1471 in trichinosis, 1521 in trichuriasis/whipworm, 1517– 1518 in Turner syndrome, 1187t Kaposi sarcoma involving, 145, 1331, 1339t, 1622 obstruction of. See Intestinal obstruction Gastrojejunostomy, for gastric cancer, 1617 Gastroparesis, 568, 629–630 in diabetics, 629, 1226 hypoglycemia and, 1222 vomiting and, 568, 629 Gastropathy, 607–610. See also Gastritis erosive/hemorrhagic, 607–609 GI bleeding and, 581, 607 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330 hypertrophic (Ménétrier disease), 610 portal hypertensive, 581, 607, 608–609. See also Portal hypertension Gastroplasty, for obesity, 14 Gastrostomies, 1271 GATA3 gene mutations, HDR/Barakat syndrome caused by, 1136 Gatifloxacin hypo- and hyperglycemia caused by, 1244 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Gaucher cells, 1668 Gaucher disease, 1667–1668 GB (sarin) poisoning, 1587 GB surgery. See Gastric banding surgery GBL (g-butyrolactone), overdose/toxicity of, 1580 GBM antibodies. See Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies GBP. See Gastric bypass G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). See Filgrastim GD (soman) poisoning, 1587 Gefitinib, 1654t for lung cancer, 1600 Gelatinase-associated lipocalin, neutrophil, in acute tubular necrosis, 904 Gemcitabine, 1652t Gemfibrozil, 1254, 1255t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 Gemifloxacin, for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Gemzar. See Gemcitabine Gender identity disorder/gender dysphoria, 1050, 1050–1051 Gene expression profiling, in breast cancer, 733–734 Gene therapy
index for hemophilia, 550 for parkinsonism, 1001 Generalized anxiety disorder, 1041, 1042–1044, 1042t, 1043t Generalized seizures, 969–970, 970t. See also Seizures differential diagnosis of, 971–972 drug therapy for, 972, 973t Genetic disorders, 1664–1672. See also specific type electrolyte metabolism disturbances and, 878t Genetic instability in colorectal cancer, 653, 656, 1622 in HNPCC, 656, 657 Genetic testing/counseling. See also specific disorder and Prenatal testing for cancer susceptibility genes/cancer screening APC gene mutation, 655 breast cancer and, 722, 723 colorectal cancer and, 654, 655, 656 HNPCC and, 656, 656–657 MYH gene mutation, 655 ovarian cancer and, 764 ret mutation, 1189, 1190 clinical relevance and, 1725–1726t for diabetes genes, 1193 for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1034 for familial Mediterranean fever, 591 for hemochromatosis, 695 for Huntington disease, 1002 in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 415 in male infertility, 955 for MEN, 1188, 1189 for pancreatitis, 716 for pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1168 prenatal, 783 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504, 783, 799 Genital herpes, 118–119, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355. See also Herpes simplex infection anorectal involvement and, 659 during pregnancy/neonatal/congenital infection, 806, 1351, 1355 Genital reconstruction surgery, for transsexuals, 1050, 1051 Genital ulcers, 1290 adenoviruses causing, 1402 in Behçet syndrome, 853 in chancroid, 1453 in granuloma inguinale, 1453 herpetic. See Genital herpes in lymphogranuloma venereum, 659, 1461 STDs causing, 1290 in syphilis (chancre), 658, 1464, 1465, 1465f Genital warts. See Venereal (genital) warts Genitalia, ambiguous, in steroidogenic enzyme defects, 1156, 1162 Genitourinary system. See also specific organ or structure anaerobic flora of, 1456 disorders of, 938–961. See also specific type
benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956– 961, 957t, 958f, 958t, 959t in blastomycosis, 1539 cancer, 1630–1644 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 hematuria in, 938–939 infections, 939–945, 940t anaerobic, in women, 1455–1456 interstitial cystitis, 45, 945–946 male erectile/sexual dysfunction, 951–953 male infertility, 953–956, 954f radiation exposure causing, 1554 ulcers. See Genital ulcers urinary incontinence, 67–69 urinary stone disease, 946–950, 947t Genotypic resistance testing, in antiretroviral therapy, 1347, 1348, 1349 Gentamicin, 1723t. See also Aminoglycosides for endocarditis, 1437, 1438, 1439 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t resistance to, 1422 for urinary tract infection, 940t Geodon. See Ziprasidone GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease Geriatric medicine/disorders, 57–73. See also Age/aging; Older adults assessment of older adult and, 57–59, 58f, 58t, 59t management of common problems and, 59–73 principles of care and, 57 Germ cell tumors paraneoplastic syndrome associated with, 1596t testicular, 1177, 1642–1644 bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 532 gynecomastia and, 1178, 1643 Germline mutations/testing in breast cancer, 722, 723t in colorectal cancer, 1622 in gastric cancer, 1616 in HNPCC, 656, 1622 in MEN 1, 1188 Gerstmann syndrome, 991 Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), 1381, 1382 Gestational diabetes, 784, 800–801, 801t. See also Diabetes mellitus Gestational hyperthyroidism. See Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), during pregnancy Gestational thrombocytopenia, 547 Gestational trophoblastic disease, 791–792, 1611t hCG levels in, 781, 791, 792 hyperthyroidism in, 791, 1112 Gestodene, in oral contraceptives, thromboembolism and, 770 GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate GGTP levels. See Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels GH. See Growth hormone
CMDT 2013
1819
GHB (g-hydroxybutyrate), overdose/ toxicity of, 1580 Cushing syndrome and, 1158, 1160 Ghon complex, in tuberculosis, 282 GHRH. See Growth hormone–releasing hormone GHRH/arginine stimulation testing, 1095 Giant cell (temporal/cranial) arteritis, 845–847 headache in, 41, 845, 966 ischemic optic neuropathy in, 188, 845–846 retinal artery occlusion and, 183 Giant cell myocarditis, 409, 410 Giant cell thyroiditis. See Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis Giardia antigen assay, stool, 576, 579, 1509 Giardia lamblia/intestinalis/duodenalis (giardiasis), 574t, 575, 576, 578, 579, 1293, 1298, 1330, 1509–1510 Gibbus deformity, in spinal tuberculosis, 863 GIFT. See Gamete intrafallopian transfer Gigantism, 1100–1102 Gilbert syndrome, 662, 663t Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, 1004–1005 OCD and, 1005, 1041 Gingivitis in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 necrotizing ulcerative, 226 Gingivostomatitis. See also Gingivitis; Stomatitis herpetic, 118, 227, 1351 Ginkgo, toxicity of, 1578t Ginseng, toxicity of, 1578t GIP1. See Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GISTs. See Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Gitelman syndrome, 878t GL1S3 mutation, in diabetes, 1195, 1195–1196 Glanders, 1300t Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 548 Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score, 682 Glatiramer, for multiple sclerosis, 1011 Glaucoma acute angle-closure, 165t, 174–175 antipsychotics precipitating, 1059 pupillary dilation precipitating, 174, 194–195 chronic, 175–177, 176f angle-closure, 174 in diabetes mellitus, 176, 1223 facial pain caused by, 968 neovascular (rubeotic), retinal vein occlusion and, 182 normal-tension, 175 treatment of, 170–172t, 176–177 Gleason grading system/score, for prostate cancer, 1632, 1634f, 1635f, 1638 CAPRA assessment tool and, 1637, 1637t Gleevec. See Imatinib GLI-similar 3 mutation, in diabetes, 1195, 1195–1196
1820
CMDT 2013
Gliclazide, 1206t, 1208 Glimepiride, 1206t, 1208 with pioglitazone, 1213 with rosiglitazone, 1213 Glioblastoma multiforme, 990t, 1611t Gliomas, 989, 991 brainstem, 990t, 991 spinal, 993 Gliosis, in multiple sclerosis, 1010 Glipizide, 1206t, 1208 with metformin, 1213 Globin chain synthesis, in thalassemias, 494 a-Globin gene, 494 in alpha thalassemia syndromes, 494, 494t, 495 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 495t b-Globin gene, 494 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 494, 494–495 b-Globin synthesis, in sickle cell syndromes, 503 g-Globin, in sickle cell syndromes, 503 Glomerular diseases, 909t, 918–928, 918f, 919t, 920t, 921f nephritic spectrum, 918f, 919, 919t, 920–927, 921f. See also specific type and Glomerulonephritis nephrotic spectrum, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–928. See also specific type and Nephrotic syndrome Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 899–901, 900t acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis and, 902, 903, 904 alkalosis in alkali administration and, 895 chronic kidney disease and, 909, 910, 911f dialysis indications and, 915 estimated, 899–901, 900t reference/normal value for, 899, 1730t uremic acidosis and, 891 Glomerular proteinuria, 899 Glomerulonephritis, 902t, 907–908, 918f, 919t, 920–927, 920t, 921f acute kidney injury caused by, 902t, 903, 907–908 anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM), 306, 907, 919t, 921f, 924–925 cryoglobulin-associated, 851, 919t, 921f, 925 in Goodpasture syndrome, 306, 907, 919t, 921f, 924–925 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 849, 907, 919t, 921f, 924 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 919t, 923 IgA nephropathy, 919t, 921f, 922–923 immune-complex, 907, 921f in lupus/SLE, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 membranoproliferative, 919t, 921f, 925 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 919t, 926 idiopathic, 919t, 925 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851, 907, 921f, 924
index nephritic presentation of, 918f, 919, 919t, 920–927, 921f nephrotic spectrum presentation of, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–931 pauci-immune (ANCA-associated), 849, 907, 919t, 921f, 924 peri-infectious, 921f postinfectious, 919t, 921f, 922, 1419 rapidly progressive, 918, 918f serologic testing in, 922 in syphilis, 1469 urinalysis in, 898, 902t, 907–908, 922 Glomerulonephropathies, 909t. See also Glomerulonephritis; Nephropathy membranoproliferative, 919t, 920t, 921f, 925 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 926 Glomerulopathy, sickle cell, 936 Glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy, 931 focal segmental, 920t, 930 in HIV-associated nephropathy, 931 Glomus tumors (tympanicum/jugulare), 206 tinnitus and, 206, 208 Glossitis, 226 Glossodynia, 226 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 968 earache in, 206 headache in, 962 Glottic (true vocal fold) cancer, 236, 237 GLP-1. See Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon A cells secreting, 1171 for b-blocker overdose/toxicity, 1563, 1575 contraindications to use of in pheochromocytoma, 1168 for hypoglycemia, 1222 impaired response to, hypoglycemia and, 1222 in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240 reference values for, 1730t tumors secreting, 1172, 1189 diabetes and, 1196 Glucagon emergency kit, 1222 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), 1211 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, for diabetes, 1206t, 1211–1212, 1220–1221, 1221 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 Glucagonomas, 1172, 1189 b-D-Glucan levels in aspergillosis, 1537 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1326, 1534 b-Glucocerebrosidase, in Gaucher disease, 1668 Glucocorticoid deficiency. See also Adrenocortical insufficiency familial, 1156 Glucocorticoid-remediable hyperaldosteronism, 437, 878t, 1164, 1166. See also Aldosteronism Glucocorticoid-secreting tumors, diabetes and, 1196 Glucokinase gene defect, in MODY, 1194, 1195
Glucometers, 1200 Glucophage/Glucophage XR. See Metformin Glucosamine/glucosamine sulfate plus chondroitin, in osteoarthritis, 812, 1702 Glucose. See also Glucose tolerance/ intolerance ascitic fluid, 588 bacterial peritonitis and, 588, 589 blood levels of. See also Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in burn injury, 1552 in diabetes mellitus, 1198, 1198t, 1218 acceptable, 1221 coma and, 1232t continuous monitoring of, 1200 control of. See Glycemic control in diabetes pregnancy and, 784, 800, 800–801, 801t, 1230 self-monitoring of, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 surgery and, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1232t hemoglobin A1c levels and, 1198– 1199, 1198t, 1199t, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1232t, 1236 in insulinoma, 1172, 1239–1240, 1240, 1241 monitoring/management of during surgery, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t near drowning and, 1556 prebreakfast hyperglycemia and, 1219, 1219t reference/normal values for, 1198, 1198t, 1730t testing, 1198, 1198t, 1218 in pregnancy, 784, 800, 800–801, 801t cerebrospinal fluid, in CNS infection, 1286t in diabetic ketoacidosis management, 1233 drugs affecting absorption of, for diabetes mellitus, 1210–1211 drugs affecting liver/muscle/adipose tissue, for diabetes mellitus, 1208–1210 fatal hypophosphatemia and, 885 hyperosmolality caused by, 877 for hypoglycemia, 1222 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872, 874 pleural fluid, 314, 314t in parapneumonic effusion, 314t, 315 for porphyria, 1022, 1664 in urine. See Glycosuria Glucose breath test, in bacterial overgrowth, 580, 625 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP1), 1211 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, 502–503 dapsone therapy and, 503, 1280, 1337 primaquine therapy and, 1496 sulfasalazine therapy and, 830
index Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) screen, 1730t Glucose tolerance/intolerance, 1198, 1198t. See also Diabetes mellitus in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 910 in Cushing syndrome, 1159 in diabetes mellitus, 1198, 1198t functional alimentary hypoglycemia and, 1242–1243 impaired, 1198, 1198t, 1202 lithium affecting, 1073 prediabetes and, 1202 in pregnancy, 800, 800–801, 801t reference/normal values for, 1198, 1198t secondary conditions affecting, 1196, 1196t testing, 1198t in pregnancy, 784, 800, 800–801, 801t Glucose transporters, thiazolidinediones affecting expression of, 1209 a-Glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes mellitus, 1206t, 1210–1211, 1220 overdose/toxicity of, 1211, 1220, 1580 Glucosuria. See Glycosuria Glucotrol/Glucotrol XL. See Glipizide Glucovance. See Glyburide, with metformin GLUT 1/GLUT 4. See Glucose transporters Glutamate dehydrogenase assay, in antibiotic-associated colitis, 637 Glutamic acid decarboxylase, in gene therapy for parkinsonism, 1001 Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Glutaminase gene, kidney-type, in hepatic encephalopathy, 690 Glutamine, reference values for, 1730t g-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels alcohol use/abuse and, 1081 in liver disease/jaundice, 664 reference values for, 1730t Glutathione reductase, in riboflavin deficiency, 1264 Gluten in celiac disease/sprue, 621 in dermatitis herpetiformis, 123 Gluten enteropathy. See Celiac disease Gluten-free diet, for celiac disease/ dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 622–623 Glyburide, 1206t, 1207, 1207–1208 with metformin, 1213 during pregnancy, 801, 1230 Glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin. See Hemoglobin A1/A1a/A1b/A1c Glycemic control in diabetes acceptable/target levels of, 1221 complications rate and clinical studies of, 1201–1202, 1202–1204 in women, 1707 continuous glucose monitoring systems and, 1200
disordered eating in women and, 1713 estrogen replacement therapy affecting, 1182 exercise/activity and, 12, 1202, 1203 glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1) measurements and, 1198– 1199, 1199t, 1201, 1202, 1203 insulin injection sites and, 1216 nephropathy development/progression and, 931, 1201, 1203, 1224 pregnancy and, 801, 1230 retinopathy development/progression and, 185, 1201, 1203 self-monitoring of blood glucose and, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 surgery and, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t vascular disorders and, 356, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 Glycemic index, 1205 Glycohemoglobins. See Hemoglobin A1/ A1a/A1b/A1c Glycoprotein Ib/IX, in Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 548 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors drugs blocking for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 368 PCI and, 357, 362t, 368 platelet function affected by, 549t Glanzmann thrombasthenia and, 548 Glycoprotein B vaccine, for CMV infection, 1366 Glycoprotein-D vaccine, for HSV-2 Glycopyrrolate, in terminally ill/dying patient, 91 Glycosuria/glucosuria in diabetes mellitus, 1197–1198 coma and, 1232t hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and, 1232t, 1236 ketoacidosis and, 235, 1232t hypernatremia and, 876 nondiabetic (renal), 1198 in pregnancy, 1198 Glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1). See Hemoglobin A1/A1a/A1b/A1c Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501 Glycyrrhetinic/glycyrrhizinic acid, hypertension/hypokalemia and, 437, 1166 Glynase. See Glyburide Glyset. See Miglitol GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor). See Sargramostim GN. See Glomerulonephritis Gnathostoma (gnathostomiasis), 1522–1523 GnRH analogs. See Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) analogs Goeckerman regimen, for psoriasis, 107 Goiter endemic, 1134–1135 fetal, 1117
CMDT 2013
1821
hyperthyroidism and, 1111 hypothyroidism/cretinism and, 1106, 1107, 1134 lithium causing, 1073 multinodular (nodular), 1123–1126, 1124t, 1134, 1135 toxic, 1111, 1114, 1116 substernal/retrosternal, 1134 thyroid surgery for, 1116, 1135 Gold salts, adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t Gold top SST, 1736t Golfer’s elbow, 1688 Golimumab, for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 GoLYTELY. See Polyethylene glycol Gonadal dysgenesis. See Turner syndrome Gonadoblastoma, testicular, 1642 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), deficiency/low pulse frequency of in amenorrhea, 1179, 1180 in hypogonadism, 1093 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. See also Luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) analogs for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for breast cancer, 740 for chronic pelvic pain, 1715 for endometriosis, 761, 1715 hypogonadism caused by, 1096 Gonadotropins cancer-related production of, 1596t deficiency of, 1093, 1094. See also Hypogonadism in amenorrhea, 1179, 1180 human chorionic (hCG). See Human chorionic gonadotropin human menopausal (hMG), for ovulation induction, 769 Gonococcal infections/gonorrhea, 1299t, 1451–1453 anorectal involvement and, 658, 1452 arthritis and, 860, 1302t, 1452 chlamydial coinfection and, 1453, 1462 conjunctivitis, 165, 1452 diarrhea and, 574t disseminated disease and, 1452, 1453 drug resistant, 860, 1452–1453 epididymitis in, 944, 945, 1303t, 1452 pelvic infection/PID, 763, 1304t, 1452, 1453 pharyngitis in, 1452, 1453 during pregnancy, 784, 806 prevention and, 1452 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 778, 1291 screening for in STD patients, 1291 in women, 1711 urethritis and, 1303t, 1452 Goodpasture syndrome, 306–307, 924–925 alveolar hemorrhage in, 306–307, 924, 925 glomerulonephritis in, 306, 907, 919t, 921f, 924–925 hemoptysis in, 27, 924
1822
CMDT 2013
Gordon syndrome, 878t Goserelin, 1657t. See also Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs for breast cancer, 738, 740t for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t GOT. See Aspartate aminotransferase Gottron sign, 840 Gout/gouty arthritis, 812–816, 813f, 813t, 815t, 1674 kidney disease and, 812, 813, 816, 936–937 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 814, 828 saturnine, in lead poisoning, 814 in transplant patient, 816 gp120, HIV vaccine development and, 1334 GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchor deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501 GPT. See Alanine aminotransferase GRACE Risk Score, 364, 375 Gradenigo syndrome, 204 Graft-versus-host disease, transfusionassociated, 536 granulocyte transfusions and, 537 Graft-versus-host reaction, 533 Graft-versus-malignancy effect, 533 Graham–Steel murmur, 348 Gram-negative infections, 1299t, 1299– 1300t, 1440–1456. See also specific causative agent bacteremia and sepsis, 1443–1445 in cancer patient, 1279, 1648 folliculitis, 129 acne and, 126, 129 Gram-positive infections, 1299t, 1300t, 1419–1435. See also specific causative agent in cancer patient, 1648 Gram stain ascitic fluid, 588, 589 in pneumonia diagnosis in community-acquired disease, 270, 271 in nosocomial disease, 277 synovial fluid, 809 in gonococcal arthritis, 860 in nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis, 859 Grand mal (tonic-clonic) seizures, 970, 970t. See also Seizures Grand mal (tonic-clonic) status epilepticus, 970, 974 Granisetron, 568, 568t, 1660. See also Antiemetics Granular urinary casts, 898, 899t Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). See Filgrastim Granulocyte count chemotherapy dosage modification and, 1659t infections and, 1279 Granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF). See Sargramostim Granulocyte transfusion, 536–537. See also Transfusion
index Granulocytic anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis, 1409t, 1414–1415 Lyme disease coinfection and, 1415, 1481 Granulocytopenia. See also Neutropenia in cancer chemotherapy, 1649 infections and, 1279, 1648 Granuloma. See also Granulomatosis; Granulomatous disorders arytenoid cartilage, 235 in Crohn disease, 642 hepatic, drugs/toxins causing, 683 inguinale, 1453 lethal midline, 223 pulmonary, 290 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 849 in sarcoidosis, 295, 296 swimming pool, 1458 Granulomatosis allergic angiitis and. See Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis infantisepticum, 1434 lymphomatoid, 1363 with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis), 306, 848–850, 849f alveolar hemorrhage and, 306 autoantibodies/ANCA in, 833t, 848, 849, 921f, 924 microscopic polyangiitis differentiated from, 850, 851 nose and paranasal sinus involvement in, 223, 849 pulmonary involvement in, 306, 848–849 renal involvement in, 306, 849, 850, 907, 919t, 921f, 924 Granulomatous disorders. See also specific type and Granuloma; Granulomatosis amebic encephalitis, 1287, 1506 aspergillosis in patients with, 1537 fever/FUO and, 1276 hypercalcemia in, 883, 884, 1141 meningitis, 1286t neck masses, 240 of nose and paranasal sinuses, 222–223 Granulomatous thyroiditis. See Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis Graves dermopathy (pretibial myxedema), 1110, 1113 Graves disease, 1110–1111, 1113, 1119. See also Hyperthyroidism eye disease and, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 in pregnancy, 1111, 1113 RAI scan in, 1114 thyroid antibodies/TSH receptor antibody in, 1105t, 1113 treatment of, 1114–1116 Graves ophthalmopathy/exophthalmos, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117– 1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 Gray platelet syndrome, 548 Gray top tubes, 1736t
Great toe, in gout, 813 Green top PPT, 1736t Greta. See Azarcon Grief reaction/grieving, 93, 1062, 1063 Grind (patellar) test, 1701 Grip (handgrip), heart murmurs affected by, 337t Grippe, summer, 1406 Griseofulvin, 110 for onychomycosis, 158 for tinea infection, 111, 112, 113 Ground itch, 1518 Group A b-hemolytic streptococcal infection, 1299t, 1421–1422 cellulitis, 136–138, 1303t, 1421t endocarditis, 1421, 1438 erysipelas, 136, 137f, 1303t, 1420–1421, 1421t glomerulonephritis and, 922, 1419 pharyngitis, 228–229, 228f, 1303t, 1419–1420. See also Pharyngitis, streptococcal rapid antigen tests for, 228, 1419 rheumatic fever and, 229, 417, 418 scarlet fever, 1419, 1421 skin infections, 1420–1422, 1421t Group B streptococcal infection, 1299t, 1422 arthritis, 858, 859 endocarditis, 1435, 1438 in pregnancy/neonate, 784–785, 804 Group C streptococcal infection, 1299t, 1422 endocarditis, 1438 Group D streptococcal infection, 1422 endocarditis, 1435 Group G streptococcal infection, 1299t, 1422 endocarditis, 1438 Group therapy. See also Support groups for anxiety disorders, 1044 for chronic pain disorders, 1049 for personality disorders, 1052 for smoking cessation, 8 for somatoform disorders, 1046 Growth factors. See also Filgrastim; Sargramostim for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1659t for neutropenia, 510 platelet-derived, in primary myelofibrosis, 514 for stem cell mobilization, 532, 533 Growth hormone (GH) deficiency of, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097 excess of, acromegaly and gigantism caused by, 1100 replacement therapy with, 1095, 1097 for AIDS wasting, 1325 during pregnancy, 1097 for Turner syndrome, 1186 serum levels of, 1095 in acromegaly/gigantism, 1100, 1101 reference values for, 1731t tumors secreting, 1093, 1100, 1189 diabetes and, 1196 prolactin cosecretion and, 1093, 1103, 1189 Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH)
index ectopic secretion of, in acromegaly, 1100 in GH stimulation tests, 1095 Growth hormone stimulation tests, 1095 GSS. See Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome GTP cyclohydrolase I gene, in idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 Guaiac testing. See Fecal occult blood testing Guanabenz, 453, 456t overdose/toxicity of, 453, 456t, 1577 Guanadrel, for hypertension, 457 Guanarito virus, 1384 Guanethidine antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for hypertension, 457 MAOI interactions and, 1071t Guanfacine, 453, 456t overdose/toxicity of, 453, 456t, 1577 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Guarana, toxicity of, 1578t Guargum, 572t. See also Fiber, dietary Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute idiopathic polyneuropathy), 1024–1025 dysautonomia in, 975, 1024 herpes zoster and, 1358 influenza/influenza vaccination and, 1397 poliomyelitis differentiated from, 1373 yellow fever vaccination and, 1316 Guinea worm infection (dracunculiasis), 1520–1521 Gum disease. See Gingivitis Gummas, in syphilis, 1464, 1471, 1471f Guns. See Firearms Gut. See Gastrointestinal system Gut dialysis, (repeat-dose charcoal), 1568 Guttate psoriasis, 106. See also Psoriasis Guyton hypothesis, salt-sensitive hypertension and, 436 GVH. See Graft-versus-host reaction GVHD. See Graft-versus-host disease GVM. See Graft-versus-malignancy effect Gynecologic disorders, 747–780. See also specific disorder and Women’s health issues appendicitis differentiated from, 631 diagnostic procedures used in, 748t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 Gynecomastia, 1174t, 1178–1179 carcinoma of male breast and, 746 in hyperprolactinemia, 1102, 1178 in hypogonadism, 1174t, 1178 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1178, 1669 testicular tumors causing, 1178, 1643 testosterone replacement therapy and, 1177, 1179 Gypsy moths, skin lesions caused by, 149 Gyromitra (monomethylhydrazine) mushroom poisoning, 1585– 1586, 1586t H1 receptor blocking drugs. See Antihistamines H2 receptor blocking drugs for GERD, 596
for laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234 for peptic ulcer disease, 613, 615, 616 for stress gastritis, 321, 608 H1N1 influenza/2009 pandemic H1N1/“A(H1N1)pdm09”/ swine-origin influenza, 23, 214, 1395, 1396, 1399–1400. See also Influenza drug resistance and, 1396, 1399 prevention of, 1400. See also H1N1 influenza vaccine H1N1 influenza vaccine, 1396, 1400. See also Influenza virus vaccine in asthma patients, 253, 1400 in COPD, 261 pregnancy and, 1400 H3N2 influenza, 1395 drug resistance and, 1396 vaccine against, 1396. See also Influenza virus vaccine H5N1 avian influenza, 1395, 1396, 1397– 1398. See also Influenza H7N7 avian influenza, 1397 H9N2 avian influenza, 1397 H63D mutation, in hemochromatosis, 694–695 H1069Q mutation, in Wilson disease, 696 H pylori infection. See Helicobacter pylori infection HAART regimens (highly active antiretroviral therapy). See Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Habitual (recurrent) abortion, 789–790 Habituation techniques for benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, 211 for hyperacusis, 208 for tinnitus, 208 HACEK organisms, endocarditis caused by, 1435, 1436, 1439 HAEM. See Herpes-associated erythema multiforme Haemophilus, 1299t, 1442 aphrophilus (Aggregatibacter aphrophilus). See HACEK organisms ducreyi, 1453 influenzae, 1442 bronchiectasis caused by, 266 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326 immunization in immunocompromised host and, 1314 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, 1313t Hair excess of. See Hirsutism exclamation, in alopecia areata, 157 loss of, 156–157. See also Alopecia chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in women, 156, 1719–1720 removal of, preoperative, 56 Hair analysis, for drug detection, 1079 Hair cells, hearing loss and, 198 Hairy cell leukemia, 523–524, 1610t aplastic anemia differentiated from, 509 rheumatic manifestations of, 864
CMDT 2013
1823
Hairy leukoplakia, 224, 225f, 1323, 1329 Halcion. See Triazolam Haldol. See Haloperidol Hallucinations/hallucinosis alcoholic (organic), 1081, 1082, 1088 in delirium tremens, 1080 in focal seizures, 969 intracranial tumors causing, 989–990, 991 luminous, in migraine headache, 963 in narcolepsy, 1077 psychedelic drug use and, 1084 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1053, 1054 substance-induced, 1088, 1583 Hallucinogenic mushroom poisoning, 1583, 1586t Hallucinogens, 1583 Hallucinosis. See Hallucinations/ hallucinosis HALO (radiofrequency wave ablation electrocautery), for Barrett esophagus, 595 Halo sign, in invasive aspergillosis, 1537 Halobetasol, 96t Halofantrine, 1492t, 1497 Haloperidol, 1056, 1056t, 1057t, 1058. See also Antipsychotic drugs for aggressive/violent behavior, 1078 for alcoholic hallucinosis, 1082 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 decanoate form of, 1059 for delirium, 64, 86, 1089 postoperative, 53 for dementia-associated behavior problems, 62 in elderly, 1058 for hallucinogen overdose/toxicity, 1583 for Huntington disease, 1002 intravenous, 1059 for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, 84, 86 overdose/toxicity of, 1055, 1057t, 1059, 1574 ophthalmic effects and, 196t for personality disorder, 1052 for psychedelic abuse/overdose, 1084 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 HAM. See Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus (HTLV), myelopathy caused by Hamartin gene, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Hamartoma, as solitary pulmonary nodule, 290 Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, 655 Hamburger. See Meat Hamilton scale, assessment of suicidal intent and, 1065 Hamman-Rich syndrome (acute interstitial pneumonia/AIP), 294t HAMP gene, in hemochromatosis, 695 Hampton hump, in pulmonary embolism, 299
1824
CMDT 2013
Hand in complex regional pain syndrome, 825 in immersion syndrome, 1545 in osteoarthritis, 809, 810, 811, 811f in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122, 122f in Raynaud phenomenon, 836, 838 in rheumatoid arthritis, 826, 826f, 831 ulnar nerve lesions at, 1027 Hand disinfection/washing, in infection control, 1280, 1284 Hand eczema, vesiculobullous (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 Hand-foot-mouth disease coxsackieviruses causing, 1406 herpetic stomatitis differentiated from, 227 enterovirus 71 causing, 1407 Hand-foot syndrome (acral erythema), chemotherapy-induced, 1661 Handgrip, heart murmurs affected by, 337t Hansen disease (leprosy), 1460–1461 neuropathy associated with, 1023, 1460 Hantaan viruses, 1388, 1389 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 1388– 1389 Hantaviruses, 1388–1389 HAP. See Hospital-acquired pneumonia HAPS (harmless acute pancreatitis score), 712 Haptoglobin in hemolytic anemia, 500 reference values for, 1731t Harmless acute pancreatitis score (HAPS), 712 Harris–Benedict equation, 1271 Hartley-Dunhill operation, 1116 Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic/ autoimmune) thyroiditis, 1106, 1111, 1117, 1119–1120, 1120, 1121, 1122 hepatitis C and, 1120 hyperthyroidism and, 1111, 1117, 1121 hypothyroidism and, 1106, 1120, 1121, 1122 thyroid antibodies in, 1117, 1119–1120, 1121 Hashitoxicosis (painless sporadic thyroiditis), 1117, 1120, 1121. See also Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic/ autoimmune) thyroiditis HAV. See Hepatitis A virus Havrix. See Hepatitis A vaccine Hawkins impingement sign, 1675, 1679t, 1680 Hay fever. See Allergic rhinitis Hb. See Hemoglobin HbA1. See Hemoglobin A1/A1a/A1b/A1c HbA2. See Hemoglobin A2 HBcAg, 667 antibody to (anti-HBc), 668f, 668t, 669, 674 screening blood for, 535–536, 669 HbCO. See Carboxyhemoglobin levels HBeAg, 668f, 668t, 669, 674, 675 antibody to (anti-HBe), 668f, 668t, 669, 674 transmission to newborn and, 806
index HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, 674– 675, 675 HbF. See Hemoglobin F HBIG. See Hepatitis B immune globulin HBsAg, 667, 668, 668t antibody to (anti-HBs), 668–669, 668f, 668t hepatitis D and, 672 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1603, 1604 inactive carrier state, 674 maternal carrier state/transmission to newborn and, 667, 783, 806 vaccination recommendations and, 669, 806 screening blood for, 535, 669 HBV. See Hepatitis B virus HCAP. See Health care-associated pneumonia HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma hCG. See Human chorionic gonadotropin HCO3¯. See Bicarbonate HCOM (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy). See Cardiomyopathy Hct. See Hematocrit HCTZ. See Hydrochlorothiazide HCV. See Hepatitis C virus HDAg, 672, 675 antibody to (anti-HDV), 672, 675 HDCV (human diploid cell) rabies vaccine, 1315, 1377, 1377– 1378 HDL. See High-density lipoproteins/ cholesterol HDL disorders. See Huntington diseaselike (HDL) disorders HDL1/HDL2/HDL3 genes, in Huntington disease-like disorders, 1002 HDR syndrome, 1136 HDV. See Hepatitis D virus Head injury, 1016–1018, 1017t acute cerebral/subdural/subarachnoid hemorrhage and, 984, 1014, 1017t chronic subdural hemorrhage and, 1017 coma in diabetic patient and, 1232t headache associated with, 965 hearing loss associated with, 207 hypopituitarism associated with, 1093 olfactory dysfunction and, 220 seizures associated with, 969 vertigo associated with, 211 Head lice, 148. See also Lice Head and neck cancer, 1611t lymphoma, 240–241 metastatic, 240 squamous cell carcinoma of larynx, 236–237 Head and neck infections actinomycosis, 1456, 1457 anaerobic, 1454 deep neck infections and, 230–231 masses caused by, 240 Head-up tilt table testing, in syncope, 397 Headache, 40–42, 41t, 962–967. See also specific type and Migraine headache acupuncture for, 965 acute, 40–42, 41t
bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 215, 962 brain tumors causing, 41, 962, 966 in carbon monoxide poisoning, 41, 1576 cerebral arteriovenous malformations causing, 987 chronic, 962–967 ECT causing, 1071 in giant cell arteritis, 41, 845, 966 in high-altitude illness, 1558, 1559 hypertension and, 41, 439 in intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, 41, 42, 962, 966, 983, 984 from intracranial aneurysm leak, 984 oral contraceptive use and, 772 in patent foramen ovale, 329 in pheochromocytoma, 41, 1167 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 41, 793 in pseudotumor cerebri, 966, 995 Health care (hospital)-associated infections, 1282–1285 bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215, 216 burn injury and, 1551 coagulase-negative staphylococci causing, 1427–1428 erythrovirus (parvovirus), 1403 fever/FUO and, 1276, 1283 hepatitis C, 670 meningitis, 1287, 1288, 1302t pneumonia, 275–278, 276t, 277t, 1302t. See also Pneumonia scabies, 147 in transplant recipient, 1279 Health care providers H1N1 influenza transmission prevention and, 1400 hemorrhagic fever prevention and, 1385 HIV transmission risk and, 1335–1336 HSV transmission prevention and, 1355 immunization recommendations for, 1309t radiation safety and, 1555 relationship of with patient. See Doctor–patient relationship SARS transmission prevention and, 1401 Health care proxy. See Advance care planning/advance directives Health literacy, adherence and, 1 Health maintenance/disease prevention, 2–20. See also specific disease adherence and, 1–2 approach to patient and, 1–2 immunization and, 3–5, 1307–1318, 1308–1313t, 1316–1317t principles of care and, 2 in women, 1706–1711 Hearing aids/hearing amplification, 72, 199 adherence and, 72 in recruitment, 208 Hearing evaluation, 198–199 in elderly, 72 Hearing loss, 198–199, 199t. See also specific type aminoglycosides causing, 207 autoimmune, 208, 210t barotrauma and, 202
index cisplatin causing, 207, 1662 classification/epidemiology of, 199, 199t conductive, 198, 199 diabetes and (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness), 1195 in elderly (presbyacusis), 72, 198, 206 in endolymphatic hydrops (Ménière syndrome), 208, 210, 210t eustachian tube dysfunction causing, 198, 201 glomus tumors causing, 206 head injury causing, 207 hereditary, 207–208 in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 in labyrinthitis, 210t, 211 long QT syndrome and, 393 in multiple sclerosis, 213 mumps causing, 1371 neural, 198 noise trauma causing, 207 ossicular chain disruption causing, 198 in otitis media, 204 in otosclerosis, 205 ototoxicity and, 207, 210t. See also Ototoxicity physical trauma causing, 207 recruitment and, 208 sensorineural, 198, 199 sensory, 198, 206–208 sudden, 207 tinnitus and, 208 vertigo and, 209, 210, 210t, 211, 212 in vestibular disorders, 209, 210, 210t, 212–213 vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) causing, 210t, 212 Hearing rehabilitation, 199. See also Hearing aids/hearing amplification Heart, 324–432. See also under Cardiac; Coronary; Myocardial and Cardiovascular disorders; Heart disease examination of in cardiovascular screening of athletes, 431 in myocardial infarction, 366 holiday, 384 in hypertension, 435–436, 439, 440 myxedema, 1106 radiation injury and, 1554 sarcoidosis involving, 296 systemic diseases affecting, 427–428 traumatic injury of, 428–429 sudden death of athlete and, 431 tumors of, 426–427 Heart block. See Atrioventricular (heart) block Heart disease, 324–432. See also specific disorder acute heart failure/pulmonary edema, 399, 407–409 amyloidosis and, 531. See also Cardiomyopathy, amyloid anthracycline-induced, 411, 1662 dexrazoxane for, 1658t, 1662 in athletes, screening for, 431–432 bradycardias, 380, 394–397 carcinoid, 346, 348, 428 cardiomyopathies, 411–417, 412t, 416f
peripartum, 429–430 cardiorenal syndrome and, 908 in Chagas disease, 1486 chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 28t, 29 cholesterol/lipoproteins in, 8, 350, 1245, 1246 screening tests for levels of, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 conduction disturbances, 394–398 congenital, 324–333 pregnancy and, 431, 802–803 pulmonary hypertension in, 424 congestive heart failure, 398–409, 399f. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure coronary (atherosclerotic CAD/ ischemic), 350–376. See also Coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus, 356, 1227 in women, 1707 dyspnea in, 24, 25 endocarditis prophylaxis and, 1437, 1437t, 1438t during pregnancy, 431, 803 functional classification of, 324 pregnancy and, 802 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332–1333, 1344 homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668–1669 hypertension/hypertension management and, 10–11, 433, 434, 439, 440, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457, 1249t, 1250 in women, 1706 in hyperthyroidism, 1112, 1114, 1118– 1119 hypertriglyceridemia and, 1256 in hypothyroidism, 399, 400, 1106 immunization recommendations in, 1309t lipid disorders and, 8–10, 350 in women, 1251, 1706–1707 in Lyme disease, 419, 1479, 1481–1482, 1482t in Marfan syndrome, 345, 428, 431, 1670, 1671 metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) and, 350, 351, 360 myocarditis, 409–411, 409t neoplastic, 426–427 pericardial disorders and, 419–423 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167, 1168t, 1169, 1170 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 pregnancy and, 429–431, 802–803 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 47–49, 47t, 48f, 48t prevention of chemoprevention/aspirin in, 7t, 11, 1253 in women, 1707 cholesterol screening and, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 exercise/activity and, 7t, 12–13
CMDT 2013
1825
hypertension prevention/ management and, 7t, 10–11, 434, 439, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 lipid disorder prevention/ management and, 7t, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t. See also Lipidlowering therapy in women, 1251, 1706–1707 smoking/smoking cessation and, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t, 350 in women, 1249t, 1251, 1706–1707 pulmonary (cor pulmonale), 425–426. See also Pulmonary heart disease pulmonary hypertension and, 304, 400, 423–425, 423t, 425f rate and rhythm disturbances, 376– 393, 378–379t. See also Arrhythmias rheumatic/rheumatic fever and, 417– 419 risk factors for, 5–6, 350–351 lipoproteins/lipid fractions and, 350, 1245, 1246, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706– 1707 modification/risk reduction and, 356 in scleroderma, 838 in SLE, 427, 833, 835 spondylitic, 855 surgery in patient with, 429, 430f preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management and, 46, 47–49, 47t, 48f, 48t systemic disorders and, 427–428 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 traumatic, 428–429 sudden death of athlete and, 431 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187, 1187t valvular, 333–350, 334–336t, 337t. See also Valvular heart disease Heart failure acute, 399, 407–409 congestive, 398–409, 399f. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Heart-lung transplant, for cystic fibrosis, 268 Heart murmurs, 334–335t in angina, 352 in aortic regurgitation, 334–335t, 344, 345 in aortic stenosis, 334–335t, 337t, 342 atrial myxoma causing, 427 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 bedside maneuvers/interventions affecting, 337t in cardiomyopathy, 337t, 411–412, 414 in coarctation of aorta, 326–327 in endocarditis, 1435, 1436 in heart failure, 400 in mitral regurgitation, 334–335t, 337t, 339 in mitral stenosis, 334–335t, 337 in mitral valve prolapse, 337t, 341 in myocardial infarction, 366
1826
CMDT 2013
Heart murmurs (Cont.): in patent ductus arteriosus, 332 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348 in rheumatic carditis, 417 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid regurgitation, 334–335t, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 334–335t, 346 in ventricular septal defect, 329, 330 Heart rate in asthma exacerbation, 247t in atrial fibrillation, 384 disturbances of, 376–393, 378–379t. See also Arrhythmias in mitral stenosis, 338 in GI bleeding, 581 in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 382 in pulmonary embolism, 298t, 301t in ventricular tachycardia, 390 Heart rhythm, disturbances of, 376–393, 378–379t. See also Arrhythmias Heart sounds in aortic regurgitation, 334t, 345 in aortic stenosis, 334t, 342 in atrial myxoma, 427 in atrial septal defect, 328 in cardiomyopathy, 411, 414 in heart failure, 400 in hypertension, 440 in mitral regurgitation, 334t, 339 in mitral stenosis, 334t, 337 in myocardial infarction, 366 in patent ductus arteriosus, 332 in pulmonary embolism, 298t in pulmonary hypertension, 305 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid regurgitation, 334t, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 334t in valvular heart disease, 334t Heart transplantation, for heart failure, 406 Heart valves. See also Prosthetic heart valves; Valve replacement; Valvular heart disease in alkaptonuria, 1665 endocarditis affecting, 338, 1435, 1437, 1439. See also Endocarditis Heartburn (pyrosis), 592, 593, 594 Heat disorders caused by exposure to, 1543, 1547–1549. See also Burns; Hyperthermia cholinergic urticaria, 133 miliaria (heat rash), 130–131 prevention of, 1547 reduction/removal of, 36, 1543 for heat exposure syndromes, 1547, 1548, 1548–1549 Heat cramps, 1547–1548 Heat exhaustion, 1548 Heat rash, 130–131 Heat stroke, 1548–1549 Heat syncope/collapse, 1547 Heavy metals. See also specific type overdose/poisoning and, 1566t tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 933
index Hebephrenic (disorganized) schizophrenia, 1053 Heberden nodes, 810, 811f Hectorol. See Doxercalciferol Heel, plantar hyperkeratosis of, 141 Hegar dilators, for vaginismus, 1051 Heimlich maneuver for foreign body removal, 239, 308 in near drowning, 1556 Heinz bodies in G6PD deficiency, 502, 503 unstable hemoglobins and, 505 Helical (spiral) CT. See also Computed tomography in chest pain evaluation, 29, 29–30 in colorectal cancer screening. See Virtual colonoscopy in dysuria evaluation, 43–44 in lung cancer screening, 16, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pulmonary embolism, 299, 300, 301f in renal artery stenosis, 917 in urinary stone disease, 947–948 Helicobacter pylori infection, 609–610, 1299t dyspepsia and, 564, 565, 609 eradication therapy for, 609, 613–615, 614t, 615 dyspepsia management and, 565– 566, 566, 609 gastric cancer/MALT lymphoma and, 525, 609, 1618–1619 gastritis management and, 609 peptic ulcer management and, 611, 613–615, 614t, 615 NSAID-induced ulcers and, 614t, 615 rebleeding prevention and, 618 recurrence prevention and, 614t, 615 gastric cancer/MALT lymphoma and, 525, 609, 1615, 1616, 1618, 1618–1619 gastritis, 564, 609–610 gastric cancer and, 609, 1615, 1616 peptic ulcer disease and, 609, 611, 612– 613, 613–615, 614t, 615 refractory, 617 testing for, 609–610, 612–613, 615 in dyspepsia, 565, 609 Heliotrope rash, in dermatomyositis, 840 Helium-oxygen mixture (Heliox), for smoke inhalation, 307 Heller cardiomyotomy, for achalasia, 605 HELLP syndrome, 545, 546, 794 Helmet cells, in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, 508 Helminthic infections, 1511–1528. See also specific type cestodes causing, 1514–1517 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes caused by, 296, 1525 myocarditis in, 409t nematodes causing filariasis, 1524–1528 intestinal, 578, 1517–1520 invasive, 1520–1524 trematodes (flukes) causing, 1511–1514
Helper-inducer T cells. See CD4 T cells Helvella (monomethylhydrazine) mushroom poisoning, 1585– 1586 Hemangioblastoma, cerebellar, 990t, 991 Hemangioma, cavernous, of liver, 701 Hemarthroses in hemophilia, 550 of knee, 1693 Hematemesis, 580 in cirrhosis, 686 in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 607 in GI bleeding, 580, 617 in Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears, 599 in peptic ulcer disease, 617 Hematin, for porphyria, 1022, 1664, 1665 Hematochezia, 580, 584 in lower GI bleeding, 583, 584 in peptic ulcer disease, 617 in upper GI bleeding, 580, 584, 617 Hematocrit. See also specific disorder in anemia, 490 blood glucose self-measurement and, 1200 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511t in polycythemia, 511t, 512 reference values for, 1731t Hematogenous osteomyelitis, 861–862 Hematologic disorders, 490–537. See also specific type and Hemostasis disorders anemias, 490–509 blood transfusions and, 534–537 cancer-related, 1596t in chronic kidney disease, 913 leukemias/myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511–524, 511t lymphomas, 524–532, 524t neutropenia, 509–511, 510t in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 47t, 52, 53t radiation exposure and, 1554 stem cell transplantation and, 532–534 Hematoma auricular (cauliflower ear), 199 myocardial, 428 perianal, thrombosed hemorrhoid causing, 658 septal, in nasal trauma, 221 subdural. See Subdural hemorrhage/ hematoma Hematometra, in endometrial carcinoma, 759 Hematopoiesis, extramedullary, in primary myelofibrosis, 514 Hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. See Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation Hematopoietic stimulating factors. See Filgrastim; Growth factors; Sargramostim Hematuria, 898, 899, 918, 918f, 938–939 asymptomatic, 918f in bladder cancer, 938, 1638, 1639 in cystitis, 43, 939 in dysuria, 43
index in glomerulonephritis/nephritic spectrum disorders, 898, 899, 907, 918, 918f, 920 hemoptysis and, 27 in hemorrhagic cystitis, 43, 1661 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 923 in IgA nephropathy, 923 in polycystic kidney disease, 934, 935 in renal cell carcinoma, 938, 1641 in sickle cell disease, 503, 936 in SLE, 834t, 926 synpharyngitic, 922 in tuberculosis, 936 in ureteral/renal pelvis cancer, 938, 1640 in urinary stone disease, 938, 947 in urologic disorders, 938–939 Hemeoccult tests. See Fecal occult blood testing Hemianopia. See Visual field defects Hemicrania continua, 965 Hemicraniectomy. See also Craniectomy decompressive, for stroke, 982 Hemiplegia, in stroke, 981, 983, 985 Hemiplegic migraine, familial/sporadic, 963 Hemobilia, 581, 1606 Hemochromatosis, 694–696 Addison disease and, 1157 cirrhosis and, 687, 695 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 682, 695, 1603 hypopituitarism caused by, 1095 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684, 695 Hemodiafiltration, continuous venovenous/venovenous, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567–1568 Hemodialysis, 915. See also Dialysis for chronic kidney disease, 915 for heat stroke, 1548 for hyperkalemia, 880, 881t for hypermagnesemia, 888 for hypernatremia, 876 immunization recommendations for patient receiving, 1309t for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567–1568, 1568t with carbamazepine, 1568t, 1574 with lithium, 1073, 1568t, 1582–1583 with methanol or ethylene glycol, 1568t, 1584 with phenobarbital, 1568t with salicylates, 1568t, 1589 with theophylline, 1568t with valproic acid, 1568t, 1574 pruritus associated with, 145 surgery in patient receiving, 55 for uremic pericarditis, 420, 912 uremic pericarditis in patients receiving, 419 Hemodynamic status in ARDS, monitoring, 323 in atrial fibrillation, management and, 385–386 in COPD, 260t GI bleeding and, 581 in myocardial infarction, 366, 367t
Hemoglobin, 494 in anemia, 490 Bart’s, 495 glycated/glycosylated. See Hemoglobin A1/A1a/A1b/A1c nephrotoxicity/acute tubular necrosis and, 905 reference values for, 1731t in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504, 505t. See also Sickle cell anemia/ syndromes in thalassemias, 494, 495, 495t, 496 total, 1731t unstable, 505 Hemoglobin A, 494 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 494, 495, 495t, 496 reference values for, 1731t in sickle cell syndromes, 504, 505t Hemoglobin A1/A1a/A1b/A1c (glycated/ glycosylated hemoglobin) in diabetes mellitus, 1198–1199, 1199t, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 acceptable levels of, 1221 diagnosis and, 1198–1199, 1198t, 1199t disordered eating in women and, 1713 postoperative complications and, 54 pregnancy and, 801, 1230 reference/normal values for, 1198t, 1731t Hemoglobin A2, 494 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 494, 495, 495t, 496 reference values for, 1731t in sickle cell syndromes, 505t Hemoglobin AS genotype (sickle cell trait), 504, 505t pregnancy and, 799 Hemoglobin C disorders, 505 Hemoglobin electrophoresis in hemoglobin C disorders, 505 in hemoglobin H disease, 496 in prenatal care, 783 reference values for, 1731t in sickle cell syndromes, 504, 505t in thalassemias, 494, 494–495, 496 Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin), 494 in beta thalassemia syndromes, 494, 495, 495t, 496 glycated hemoglobin values and, 1199 reference values for, 1731t in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504, 505t Hemoglobin H/hemoglobin H disease, 494, 494t, 495, 496 Hemoglobin S, 503, 504, 505t in hemoglobin C disorders, 505 in pregnancy, 799 Hemoglobin saturation. See Sao2 Hemoglobin SC disease, 505 in pregnancy, 799 retinopathy in, 187, 505 Hemoglobinemia, in hemolytic anemia, 500 Hemoglobinuria in hemolytic anemia, 500 iron deficiency and, 491 paroxysmal nocturnal, 501–502 Hemojuvelin, in hemochromatosis, 695
CMDT 2013
1827
Hemolymphatic disease, in African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485 Hemolytic anemias/hemolysis, 500, 500t. See also specific type or cause autoimmune, 506–507 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 in G6PD deficiency, 502, 503 in hemoglobin C disorders, 505 in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 microangiopathic, 508 thrombotic microangiopathies and, 508, 542, 543, 543t pulmonary hypertension in, 424 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 unstable hemoglobins and, 505 Hemolytic crises, in sickle cell disease, 503 Hemolytic disease of newborn, prevention of, 785–786 Hemolytic streptococcus. See specific type under Group Hemolytic transfusion reactions, 534–535 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, 542–544, 543t, 575, 1447 atypical, 542, 543 E coli causing, 542, 543, 543t, 575, 1447 Hemopericardium, 428 Hemophagocytosis, 547 in H1N1 influenza, 1399 Hemophilia A and B, 549–551, 550t Hemophilia C (factor XI deficiency), 550t, 552 Hemoptysis, 26–27 in bronchiectasis, 266 in Goodpasture syndrome, 27, 924 in lung cancer, 26, 27, 1597 in pulmonary embolism, 298t, 301t in tuberculosis, 280 Hemorrhage. See specific type or structure affected and Bleeding Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis acute, enterovirus 70 causing, 1407 coxsackievirus infection and, 1406 Hemorrhagic cystitis, 43, 1661 adenoviruses causing, 1402 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 mesna for, 1658t, 1661 Hemorrhagic effusion, pleural, 314. See also Hemothorax Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), 1388–1389 Hemorrhagic fevers, 1384–1386 dengue, 1386–1388 hantaviruses causing, 1388–1389 Hemorrhagic (erosive) gastritis. See Gastritis Hemorrhagic shock, 485, 485t, 487. See also Hypovolemic shock Hemorrhoidectomy, 658 Hemorrhoids, 657–658 bleeding and, 584, 657, 658 fecal soiling/incontinence and, 657, 659 pruritus ani caused by, 146 thrombosed, 658 Hemosiderin, 490 accumulation of. See also Hemochromatosis urine in hemolytic anemia, 500 in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502
1828
CMDT 2013
Hemosiderosis idiopathic pulmonary, 307 transfusional, in thalassemia, 495, 496 Hemostasis disorders, 538–563, 539t. See also specific type and Bleeding antithrombotic therapy and, 536–545 in cirrhosis, 690–691 coagulation disorders, 549–554 platelet disorders, 538–549, 539t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 46, 47t, 52, 53t Hemosuccus pancreaticus, 581 Hemothorax, 313, 314, 316 Hemotympanum, 205 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 889 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 852f, 919t, 923 HepA. See Hepatitis A vaccine HepB. See Hepatitis B vaccine Hepacare. See Hepatitis B vaccine Hepar lobatum, 1471 Heparin/low-molecular weight heparin, 554–555, 557–558, 557t, 559t for acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, pregnancy and, 789, 799, 834, 836 after cardiac valve replacement surgery, 349 coagulopathy caused by, 554 for DIC, 546, 546t for DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 557t treatment and, 301, 557–558, 559t for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 hyperkalemia and, 879 for intracranial venous thrombosis, 988 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 375 after thrombolytic therapy, 369, 370 perioperative, 52, 53t, 349 for septic superficial thrombophlebitis, 480 thrombocytopenia caused by, 544–545, 544t, 554 reference values in, 1731t Heparin-associated antibody in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544 reference values for, 1731t Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544–545, 544t, 554 reference values in, 1731t Heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544 reference values for, 1731t Hepatic abscess amebic, 1503, 1504, 1505t pyogenic, 700–701 Hepatic adenoma. See Hepatocellular adenoma Hepatic biopsy. See Liver, biopsy of Hepatic candidiasis, 701 Hepatic coagulopathy, 553–554 in cirrhosis, 553 liver failure and, 672
index Hepatic cysts, hydatid, 1516 Hepatic disease. See Liver, disorders of Hepatic encephalopathy, 690 in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 in acute liver failure, 672, 673, 674 in cirrhosis, 686, 690, 692t GI bleeding/esophageal varices and, 602, 690 perioperative complications and, 52 protein-restricted diet for, 687, 690, 1269 Hepatic failure. See Liver (hepatic) failure Hepatic fibrosis in cirrhosis, 687 drugs/toxins causing, 683 methotrexate toxicity and, 829 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684, 685 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 Hepatic hydrothorax, 688, 689 Hepatic iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan, in cholecystitis, 704 Hepatic steatosis. See Fatty liver Hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome), 697–699 Hepaticojejunostomy, for gallbladder cancer, 1607 Hepatitis alcoholic, 680–682 postoperative complications associated with, 51 autoimmune, 678–680 CMV, 1364 drugs/toxins causing, 161, 683 fibrosing cholestatic, 675 hypoxic, 699 ischemic, 699 isoniazid causing, 1581 postoperative complications associated with, 51–52 in Q fever, 1416 in syphilis, 1469 in varicella, 1359 viral. See also Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis D; Hepatitis E; Hepatitis G arthritis in, 861 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828, 861 chronic, 668, 670, 671, 674–678 postoperative complications associated with, 51–52 cirrhosis and, 668, 670, 671, 672, 674, 675, 676, 678, 687 in drug users, 667, 670, 672, 1292 in HIV infection/AIDS, 667, 670, 676, 1329 HSV causing, 1351 liver cancer and, 668, 670, 672, 674, 676, 678, 1603, 1604 liver failure and, 673 in liver transplant patients, adenoviruses causing, 1402 postoperative complications associated with, 51–52 prevention of, 3, 666–667 transfusion-associated, 535–536 Hepatitis A, 665–667, 666f prevention/immunization and, 3, 665, 666–667. See also Hepatitis A vaccine screening for, in STD patients, 1291
Hepatitis A and B vaccine, 667 Hepatitis A immune globulin, 3, 667 during pregnancy/for newborn, 787 Hepatitis A vaccine, 3, 665, 666–667, 1308t, 1309t, 1312t adverse effects/contraindications and, 1316t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 667, 1309t, 1314, 1335 during pregnancy, 787, 1309t in STD patients, 1291 for travelers, 667, 1315 Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 665, 666f, 1408 antibody to, 666, 666f Hepatitis B, 667–670, 668f, 668t acute, 667–670, 668f, 668t antiretroviral agents for, 675–676, 1343, 1353t arthritis in, 861 cancer associated with, 668, 670, 674, 676, 1603, 1604 chronic, 668, 670, 672, 674–676 cirrhosis and, 668, 670, 674, 675, 676, 687 delta agent (hepatitis D) and, 672, 675 HIV infection/AIDS and, 667, 676, 1329 inactive carrier state, 674 maternal carrier state/transmission to newborn and, 667, 783, 806 vaccination/vaccination recommendations and, 669, 806, 1309t polyarteritis nodosa and, 847, 848 prevention/immunization/screening and, 669. See also Hepatitis B vaccine in STD patients, 1291 sexual assault/rape in transmission of, 1291 transfusion in transmission of/ screening blood for, 535–536, 667, 669 Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), 667 antibody to (anti-HBc), 668f, 668t, 669, 674 screening blood for, 535–536, 669 Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), 668f, 668t, 669, 674, 675 antibody to (anti-HBe), 668f, 668t, 669, 674 transmission to newborn and, 806 Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B, 674–675, 675 Hepatitis B immune globulin, 669 during pregnancy/for newborn, 669, 806 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 667, 668, 668t antibody to (anti-HBs), 668–669, 668f, 668t hepatitis D and, 672 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1603, 1604 inactive carrier state, 674 maternal carrier state/transmission to newborn and, 667, 783, 806 vaccination recommendations and, 669, 806 screening blood for, 535, 669
index Hepatitis B vaccine, 669, 1308t, 1309t, 1313t adverse effects/contraindications and, 1316t in cancer prevention, 15, 1604–1605 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 669, 1309t, 1314, 1335 for newborn/pregnant patient, 669, 786, 806, 1309t after rape/sexual assault, 778, 1291 in STD patients, 1291 for travelers, 1315 Hepatitis B virus (HBV), 667 Hepatitis B virus DNA, 668f, 669, 674, 675 Hepatitis C, 670–671, 671f, 676–678 acute, 670–671, 671f arthritis in, 861 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828, 861 cancer associated with, 678, 1603, 1604 chronic, 671, 676–678 cirrhosis and, 670, 671, 676, 678, 687 cryoglobulinemia in, 671, 677, 851, 852, 925, 926 HIV infection/AIDS and, 670, 676, 1329 immune thrombocytopenia in, 540, 541, 542 lichen planus and, 144 in pregnancy, 670, 671, 806 testing for, 783 renal disease and, 671, 926 thyroiditis/hypothyroidism and, 1106 transfusion in transmission of/ screening blood for, 536, 670, 671 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 670 antibodies to (anti-HCV), 671, 671f, 676 screening blood for, 536, 671 Hepatitis C virus RNA, 671, 671f, 676, 677 Hepatitis D, 670, 672, 675, 676 acute, 670, 672 chronic, 674–676 hepatitis B and, 672, 675 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1603 Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg), 672, 675 antibody to (anti-HDV), 672, 675 Hepatitis D virus (HDV/delta agent), 670, 672, 675 Hepatitis D virus RNA, 672, 675 Hepatitis E, 670, 672 prevention/immunization and, 3, 672 Hepatitis E vaccine, 3, 672 Hepatitis E virus (HEV), 670, 672 Hepatitis G, 670, 672 Hepatitis G virus (HGV), 670, 672 Hepatobiliary cancers, 1603–1612. See also specific type Hepatobiliary CMV, 1364 Hepatocellular adenoma, 701–702, 702 hepatocellular carcinoma arising from, 1604 oral contraceptive use and, 702, 772 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 1603–1605, 1612t cirrhosis and, 682, 685, 687, 1603, 1604, 1605
hemochromatosis and, 682, 695, 1603 hepatitis and, 668, 670, 672, 674, 676, 678, 679, 1603, 1604 hepatitis B vaccine in prevention of, 15, 1604–1605 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1603 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t pyogenic abscess and, 701 Hepatocellular disease. See also Cirrhosis; Liver, disorders of jaundice in, 662, 663t, 664t Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) hepatocellular adenomas and, 702 in MODY, 1194–1195 Hepatojugular reflux, in heart failure, 400, 699 Hepatolenticular degeneration. See Wilson disease Hepatomegaly in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 706 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 in cirrhosis, 686 in fatty liver, 684 in hairy cell leukemia, 523 in hepatitis, 666 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 Hepatopathy, ischemic, 699 Hepatopulmonary syndrome, 691 Hepatorenal syndrome, 689–690 Hepatosplenic candidiasis, 1530 Hepatotoxicity, 672–673, 682–684 of acetaminophen, 76, 672–673, 1570– 1571, 1570f of anesthetics, 51 of methotrexate, 829, 1661 of nevirapine, 1346 of thiazolidinediones, 1209, 1210 of tuberculosis therapy, 4 Hepcidin in anemia of chronic kidney disease, 913 in anemia of inflammation, 493 in hemochromatosis, 694 in iron deficiency anemia, 490 HER-2/neu overexpression, in breast cancer, 733–734, 737 in male, 746 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 737, 743 therapy and, 736, 737, 738, 741 Herald patch, in pityriasis rosea, 108 “Herbal ecstasy” (ephedrine), 1572 Herbal products for dyspepsia, 566 toxicity of, 1578, 1578t Herbicide poisoning (cholinesterase inhibitors), 1566t, 1587 Herceptin. See Trastuzumab Hereditary angioedema, 133 Hereditary cholestatic syndromes, 662, 663t Hereditary colorectal cancer/polyposis syndromes, 654–657, 1622– 1623. See also specific disorder Hereditary hearing loss, 207–208 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671–1672 epistaxis in, 220, 1671 GI bleeding in, 581, 584, 1671 Hereditary leiomyoma-renal cell carcinoma, 1641
CMDT 2013
1829
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), types I to IV, 1021–1022 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), 656–657, 1622 endometrial carcinoma and, 656, 657, 759 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 small intestine adenocarcinoma in, 1620 Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Hereditary spherocytosis, 500–501 Heritable pulmonary hypertension, 423–424 Hernias hiatal esophageal webs and rings and, 600 gastric ulcers and, 617 GERD and, 593 vaginal (pelvic organ prolapse), 762 Herniated nucleus pulposus. See Nucleus pulposus, herniation of Herniation syndromes intracranial tumors causing, 989, 992 lumbar puncture and, 982, 984, 991, 1015 in stroke, 982, 984 Heroin abuse, 1083–1084, 1586–1587 Herpangina coxsackievirus, 1406 enterovirus, 1407 Herpes-associated erythema multiforme, 134, 134f, 135, 1351, 1355 Herpes genitalis. See Genital herpes Herpes labialis (cold/fever sore), 118– 119, 118f, 1350–1351, 1352. See also Herpes simplex infection Herpes simplex infection, 118–119, 118f, 1350–1355, 1351f acyclovir prophylaxis/treatment and, 118–119, 1280, 1330, 1338t, 1352, 1353t, 1355 anorectal involvement and, 659 Bell palsy and, 1028, 1351, 1355 chemoprophylaxis for, 118, 119, 1280, 1330, 1352, 1352–1355, 1353–1354t disseminated/generalized, 1351, 1355 dermatitis in (eczema herpeticum), 104, 1351, 1356t encephalitis, 1351, 1352, 1355 erythema multiforme associated with, 134, 134f, 135, 1351, 1355 esophagitis in, 598, 1351, 1352, 1355 gladiatorum, 1351 in HIV infection/AIDS, 118, 1330, 1338t, 1350, 1351 esophageal, 598, 1351, 1355 keratitis, 173, 1351, 1352, 1352–1355 during pregnancy/neonatal/congenital infection, 806, 1351, 1355 stomatitis/gingivostomatitis in, 118, 227, 1351 treatment/prevention of, 118–119, 1280, 1352–1355, 1353–1354t type 1, 118, 118f, 1350 type 2, 118, 1350 vaccine development and, 1355
1830
CMDT 2013
Herpes zoster (shingles), 5, 119–121, 120f, 1356–1361 earache in, 206, 1358 eye involvement and, 120, 173, 1331 facial involvement/Ramsay Hunt syndrome and, 119, 213, 1358, 1359 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 119, 120, 1331, 1339t neuralgia after, 5, 120, 120–121, 968, 1359 pregnancy and, 804 prevention and, 5, 120, 1360–1361. See also Herpes zoster vaccine Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 120, 173, 1331, 1358, 1359 Herpes zoster oticus, 206, 1358 Herpes zoster vaccine, 5, 120, 1308t, 1309t, 1311t, 1360–1361 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t mmunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS and, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1335, 1360 neuralgia prevention and, 5, 120, 968, 1360 Herpesviruses, 1350–1367. See also specific type under Human herpesvirus Herpetic stomatitis/gingivostomatitis, 118, 227, 1351 Herpetic whitlow, 1351, 1351f Herplex. See Idoxuridine Heterophil antibody tests, in mononucleosis, 1362 Heterophyes species, 1513 Heterotopic pregnancy, 790. See also Ectopic pregnancy HEV. See Hepatitis E virus HEV-70/HEV-71. See Enterovirus 70/ enterovirus 71 Hexalen. See Altretamine Hexosaminidase deficiency, in juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, 1020 HFE gene, in hemochromatosis, 694 HFRS. See Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome HGD gene, in alkaptonuria, 1665 hGH. See Human growth hormone HGV. See Hepatitis G virus HHEX-IDE gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 HHT. See Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia HHV. See Human herpesviruses 5-HIAA. See 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid Hiatal hernia esophageal webs and rings and, 600 gastric ulcers and, 617 GERD and, 593 Hibernation, myocardial, 351 Hiccups, 569–570 HIDA scan, in cholecystitis, 704 Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa), 151 High-altitude cerebral edema, 1558–1559 High-altitude illness, 1558–1560 acute mountain sickness, 1558–1559 cerebral edema, 1558–1559 chronic mountain sickness (Monge disease), 1559
index neurologic conditions, 1558–1559 prevention of, 1559 pulmonary edema, 1559 pulmonary hypertension, 424, 1559 subacute mountain sickness, 1559 High-altitude pulmonary edema, 1559 High (eversion) ankle sprain, 1704–1705, 1704t High blood pressure. See Hypertension High-calcium diet, 1269–1270 High-carbohydrate diet cholesterol lowering and, 1252 in porphyria, 1022, 1664 High-density lipoproteins/cholesterol, 1246 atherogenesis/cardiovascular/coronary heart disease and, 8, 350, 1245, 1246, 1249t, 1250 in women, 1249t, 1251 cholesterol-lowering diets and, 1252 in diabetes mellitus, 1200 estrogen replacement affecting, 1182 isotretinoin affecting, 127 raising levels of, 8, 1252, 1255t fibric acid derivatives for, 1254, 1255t niacin for, 1253, 1255t, 1265 reference values for, 1731t screening tests for levels of, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 1251, 1706 tendinous xanthomas and, 1247–1248 testosterone replacement affecting, 1177, 1185 thiazolidinedione therapy and, 1210 High dose chemotherapy, with bone marrow/stem cell transplantation, 532, 533. See also Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation; Chemotherapy High-fiber diet. See Fiber, dietary High molecular-weight kininogen deficiency, 552 High-potassium diet, 1269 High-sensitivity troponin assays. See also Troponins in acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 366 High tibial osteotomy, for osteoarthritis of knee, 1702 Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). See Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Hill sign, 345 Hip, 1689–1692, 1690t arthritis of, 1691–1692 back pain and, 820 nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic), 859 bursitis affecting, 825 examination of, 820, 1690, 1690t osteonecrosis of, 865 range of motion of, 1690t in back pain, 1683, 1684t in hip fracture, 1690, 1690t strength testing and, 1690t Hip fracture, 1689–1690, 1690t atypical, bisphosphonate use and, 1147 estrogen replacement therapy affecting risk of, 1182
falls in elderly and, 65, 66, 1690, 1691 osteoporosis and, 1144, 1147, 1689, 1690, 1710 postoperative delirium and, 52, 64 Hip protectors, fracture prevention and, 1691 Hip replacement for arthritis, 812, 1691 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t for fracture, 1690 Hip resurfacing surgery, 1691–1692 Hirschsprung disease, in MEN, 1189 Hirsutism, 1161–1164 in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1156, 1163 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 testosterone replacement therapy in women and, 1185 His-ventricular interval, long, 395 Histamine in bronchial provocation testing for asthma, 246–247 drugs blocking receptors for. See Antihistamines; H2 receptor blocking drugs Histidine decarboxylase gene mutation, in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi/Kikuchi-Fugimoto disease), 240 Histiocytosis, Langerhans cell, 1097, 1099 Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis), 1531–1532 bone and joint involvement in, 863 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1337, 1531, 1532 Histrionic (hysterical) personality disorder, 1052t HIT. See Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Screamed at) tool, 1712 HIV/HIV-1, 1322. See also HIV infection/ AIDS direct toxicity of, 1322 drug resistance and, 675–676, 1340, 1342, 1347, 1348–1349, 1348f drugs blocking entry of into cells (entry inhibitors), 1342t, 1346, 1348f screening blood for antibody to, 536, 1321, 1334 serologic tests in identification of. See HIV testing HIV-2, 1322. See also HIV infection/AIDS HIV-associated dementia, 1327 HIV-associated nephropathy, 920t, 931 HIV infection/AIDS, 4, 1319–1349. See also Immunocompromised host adenovirus infection and, 1401 adherence to therapy and, 1 allergic reactions in, 1322 anal dysplasia/cancer and, 1332, 1629 arthritis in, 861, 1328 autoimmunity in, 1322 bacillary angiomatosis/bartonellosis in, 1323, 1331, 1335, 1454
index biliary disease in, 1329 blastomycosis in, 1539 breastfeeding in transmission of, 1321, 1336 campylobacter/campylobacter-like organisms causing disease in, 1330, 1449 cancer associated with, 1319, 1320t, 1322, 1331–1332 candidiasis in, 131, 132, 225–226, 226, 226f, 1325, 1331, 1337, 1338t, 1529 esophageal, 598, 1325, 1329, 1338t, 1530 oral (thrush), 131, 225–226, 226, 226f, 1325, 1328–1329, 1337 vulvovaginal, 1332, 1337, 1338t CD4 T cells in. See CD4 T cells CDC definitions and, 1319, 1320t cerebral lymphoma in, 990t, 992–993, 1327, 1332, 1338t Chagas disease and, 1486 cholecystitis in, 1329 CIN/cervical cancer in, 1332 clinical findings in, 1322–1324, 1323f CMV infections in, 598, 1326, 1328, 1338t, 1364 prophylaxis of, 1280–1281, 1337, 1339, 1366 retinitis, 187, 187f, 1328, 1364, 1365 coccidial and microsporidial infection in, 1330, 1506–1508 coccidioidomycosis in, 1337, 1532 complications of, 1324–1333 treatment of, 1337–1340, 1338– 1339t adjunctive, 1339–1340 prophylactic, 1336–1337, 1337t condylomata acuminata/venereal warts and, 659 coronary heart disease in, 1332–1333, 1344 cortisol resistance/adrenal insufficiency and, 1157, 1330 counseling and, 1333, 1335 postexposure prophylaxis and, 1336 cryptococcosis/cryptococcal meningitis in, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 prevention/prophylaxis and, 1337, 1536 cryptosporidiosis in, 1330, 1506, 1507, 1508 dementia associated with, 1327 diarrhea/enterocolitis in, 575, 578, 1325, 1330, 1506, 1507 differential diagnosis of, 1324 drug use and, 1292, 1321 prevention/postexposure prophylaxis and, 1333, 1335, 1336 endocrinologic manifestations of, 1330 epidemiology of. See HIV infection/ AIDS, transmission of erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection in, 1402, 1403 esophagitis in, 598, 1329 etiology of, 1322 extrapyramidal effects in patients with, 1061 fever/FUO and, 36, 1276, 1277, 1324–1325
folliculitis and, 129, 130, 1322, 1331 fungal rashes in, 1331 gastrointestinal manifestations of, 1329–1330 gastropathy in, 1330 gynecologic manifestations of, 1332 gynecomastia and, 1178 hairy leukoplakia in, 224, 225f, 1323, 1329 headache in, 41, 42 health care maintenance for patients with, 1334–1335, 1334t hepatic disease/hepatitis in, 667, 670, 672, 676, 1329 hepatitis A vaccine in, 667, 1309t, 1314, 1335 hepatitis B vaccine in, 1309t, 1314, 1335 herpes simplex infection in, 118, 1330, 1338t, 1350, 1351 acyclovir treatment/prophylaxis and, 1330, 1338t, 1352 esophagitis, 598, 1351, 1355 herpes zoster and, 119, 120, 1331, 1339t histoplasmosis in, 1337, 1531, 1532 Hodgkin disease in, 1332 hyperkalemia in, 880 hypersensitivity reactions and, 1322 hyponatremia in, 872 immune thrombocytopenia in, 540, 541, 542 immunization recommendations in, 1309t, 1313t, 1314, 1335 incidence/prevalence of, 4, 1321 infections in, 1319, 1320t. See also specific type and Opportunistic infections CD4 T cell levels and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1334t, 1336, 1339 prevention of, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t treatment of, 1337–1340, 1338–1339t adjunctive, 1339–1340 inflammatory reactions (immune reconstitution syndromes) in, 1333 corticosteroids in management of, 1339 Kaposi sarcoma flare and, 1331, 1332 influenza vaccination and, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1335 intracranial tumors in, 992–993, 1327 Kaposi sarcoma in, 145, 213, 1322, 1323, 1331–1332, 1339t, 1622 kidney disease in, 931 laboratory findings in, 1323–1324, 1324t leishmaniasis and, 1488 lymphadenopathy in, 239, 241, 1323 eustachian tube dysfunction/serous otitis media and, 213 lymphoma in, 241, 990t, 992–993, 1322, 1327, 1332, 1338t MAC infections in, 288, 1324, 1338t, 1458–1459 prevention of, 1324, 1337, 1339, 1459
CMDT 2013
1831
malabsorption in, 1325, 1330 malaria in, 1491 measles/measles (MMR) vaccine in, 4, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1335, 1368, 1369 mental status/cognitive changes in, 1327 molluscum contagiosum in, 141, 142, 1331, 1404 mucormycosis in, 217, 218 myelopathies in, 1328 myopathy in, 861, 1036, 1328 needle-stick injury and, 1321, 1335 nephropathy in, 920t, 931 neurologic manifestations of, 1288 central, 1327–1328 peripheral/neuropathy, 1023, 1328 non-Hodgkin lymphoma in, 241, 1326, 1327, 1332, 1338t nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in, 1326, 1458, 1458–1459 ophthalmic manifestations of, 187, 187f oral lesions in, 1328–1329 otitis media and, 213 otologic manifestations of, 213 P marneffei infection in, 1540 pathogenesis of, 1322 pathophysiology of, 1322 perinatal transmission of, 805–806, 1321, 1336 breastfeeding and, 1321, 1336 pneumonia in, 279, 1325–1326, 1533– 1535. See also Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia CD4 T cell count and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1326, 1339, 1534, 1535 immunization against. See Pneumococcal vaccine pneumonitis in, nonspecific interstitial, 1326–1327 postexposure prophylaxis and, 4, 1335– 1336, 1336 in pregnancy, 783, 784, 805–806, 1321, 1336 prevention of. See HIV infection/AIDS, transmission of, prevention of prognosis of, 1319, 1324, 1349 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in, 1328, 1382, 1383 psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis in, 106, 861, 1328, 1331 pulmonary hypertension in, 424 pulmonary manifestations of, 279, 1325–1327. See also HIV infection/AIDS, pneumonia in reactive arthritis and, 858, 861, 1328 retinitis in, 187, 187f, 1328 rheumatic manifestations of, 861, 1328 Salmonella infection in bacteremia, 1296, 1446 enterocolitis, 1296, 1446 scabies in, 147 sclerosing cholangitis in, 1329 screening for. See HIV testing seborrheic dermatitis in, 109, 1331
1832
CMDT 2013
HIV infection/AIDS (Cont.): seizures in, 969 sinusitis in, 217, 1327 skin disorders in, 1330–1331 spermicides/nonoxynol 9 and, 775, 1333 sporotrichosis in, 1539 staphylococcal skin infections in, 1331 strongyloidiasis in, 1519 syphilis and, 1334–1335, 1465, 1467– 1468, 1468, 1473–1474 syphilis tests affected by, 1334–1335, 1473 systemic complaints associated with, 1324–1325 T cells in. See CD4 T cells toxoplasmosis in, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1501, 1502 prevention/chemoprophylaxis and, 1335, 1337, 1502 transient ischemic attacks and, 977 transmission of, 1319–1321 bites in, 1289 to fetus/newborn, 805–806, 1321, 1336 health care providers and, 1335–1336 prevention of, 4–5, 1333–1336 blood screening/blood treatment and, 536, 1321, 1334 condoms for, 4, 1333, 1335 postexposure prophylaxis and, 4, 1335–1336, 1336 rape/sexual assault and, 778, 1291 sexual behavior and, 4, 1319–1321, 1333 transfusions and, 536, 1321, 1334 treatment of, 1336–1349, 1337t, 1338– 1339t, 1341–1342t, 1348f antiretroviral therapy/HAART in, 4, 1319, 1340–1349, 1341– 1342t, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART opportunistic infections/ malignancies and, 1337– 1340, 1338–1339t prophylaxis and, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t in pregnancy, 805–806, 1321, 1336 tuberculosis and, 285, 1326 tuberculin skin test in, 283t, 1326, 1334, 1337 tuberculosis in, 4, 280, 281, 1326 chemoprophylaxis/prevention and, 4, 1334, 1337 drug-resistant disease and, 280, 281, 281t, 1326 drug use and, 1292 intestinal involvement in, 631 treatment of, 4, 285, 1326 vaccine development and, 1334 varicella zoster virus infection/varicella vaccine and, 5, 120, 1309t, 1314, 1335, 1359, 1360 VDRL test in, 1334, 1335 weight loss in, 1325 Wernicke encephalopathy in, 1013 in women, 783, 784, 805–806, 1321, 1332, 1336, 1711. See also HIV infection/AIDS, perinatal transmission of xerosis in, 1331
index HIV integrase inhibitors, 1342t, 1346– 1347, 1348f resistance to, 1349 HIV myelopathy, 1328 HIV painful articular syndrome, 861 HIV rapid antibody tests, 1290, 1323, 1324t HIV RNA tests, reference values for, 1731t HIV testing, 4, 1323–1324, 1324t in blood screening, 536, 1321, 1334 influenza vaccine affecting results in, 1323 after needle-stick, 1335 in pregnancy, 783, 784, 805, 1336 after rape/sexual assault, 778, 1291 reference values for, 1731t in STD patients, 1290, 1291, 1711 in syphilis patients, 1467–1468, 1468 transmission prevention and, 1333 in women, 1711 HIV viral load tests, 1324, 1324t antiretroviral therapy initiation/ monitoring and, 1340 blood screening and, 1321 reference values for, 1731t Hives. See Urticaria Hivid. See Zalcitabine HJV gene, in hemochromatosis, 695 HLA. See Human leukocyte antigen HMBS gene mutation, in acute intermittent porphyria, 1664 hMG. See Human menopausal gonadotropins HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. See Statin drugs HMSN. See Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy HNF hepatocellular adenomas and, 702 in MODY, 1194–1195 HNPCC. See Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Hoagland sign, 1361 Hoarseness, 233 contact ulcers/granulomas causing, 235 GERD and, 234, 594 laryngeal leukoplakia causing, 236 laryngitis causing, 233 laryngopharyngeal reflux causing, 234 in lung cancer, 234, 1597 in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 234 vocal folds/vocal fold lesions and, 233, 235 HOCM (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy). See Cardiomyopathy Hodgkin lymphoma, 526–527, 1610t bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 527, 532 fever/FUO and, 1277 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 motor neuronopathy in, 1020 Holiday heart, 384 Holosystolic murmurs. See Heart murmurs Holter monitoring. See Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring
Homans sign, in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 298t Home environment, of elderly patients, falls and, 65, 67t Home hemodialysis, 915 Home oxygen therapy, 262, 262t Homeostenosis. See Age/aging Homocysteine disorders of metabolism of, 1668–1669 reference values for, 1731t Homocystinuria, 1669 Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency, in alkaptonuria, 1665 Homonymous field defects. See Visual field defects Homosexuality hepatitis transmission and, 667, 670 HIV infection/AIDS transmission risk and, 1321, 1333 immunization recommendations and, 1309t, 1314 STD prevention/screening and, 1291 syphilis and, 1334, 1464, 1465, 1467 Honey, infant botulism and, 1431 Hookworm disease, 1518 cutaneous larva migrans, 1523 pulmonary disease and, 296, 1518 Hordeolum, 163, 163f Hormone receptor sites, in breast cancer, 733–734 in male, 746 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 treatment and, 734, 736, 738, 739 Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy Hormone therapy. See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy; Testosterone replacement therapy adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for breast cancer, 736, 738, 739–741, 740t adjuvant/neoadjuvant, 736, 738, 1611t hormone receptor sites and, 734, 736, 738, 739 in male, 746 for metastatic disease (palliative), 739–741, 740t breastfeeding and, 782t in contraception, 773 injections/implants, 773 oral contraceptives, 770–773, 771– 772t, 772t for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 748 for endometriosis, 761 for erectile dysfunction, 952 for hypogonadism, 1096–1097, 1146– 1147 for infertility, 769, 1097 in male, 955, 1097 for lactation suppression, 786 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1147 for prostate cancer, 1635, 1636, 1637t Hormones, ectopic production of by islet cell tumors, 1172, 1189 in paraneoplastic syndromes, 1594– 1595, 1596t
index Horner syndrome (oculosympathetic paralysis) in coma or stupor, 1014 headache and, 42, 965 in lung cancer, 1597 Horse chestnut seed extract, for venous insufficiency, 34 Hospice care, 90. See also End of life, provision of care at Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 275–278, 277t Hospital-associated infections. See Health care (hospital)-associated infections Hospitalization for alcohol use/abuse/withdrawal, 1082 for asthma/asthma exacerbation, 243, 246t, 256–259, 258f for atrial fibrillation, 385 in community-acquired pneumonia, 270, 274, 274–275 for COPD, 264 for depression, 1064–1065 diabetes management during, 1228–1230, 1229t for hyperemesis gravidarum, 787 infections acquired during, 1282–1285. See also Health care (hospital)-associated infections for personality disorders, 1052–1053 for preeclampsia/eclampsia, 794 prolonged, 1090 psychiatric problems associated with, 1089–1092 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1055 for suicidal patient, 1064–1065 for third-trimester bleeding, 797 for thyroid surgery, 1129–1130 for tuberculosis, 284 Host defenses, impairment of. See Immunocompromised host Hot environments, disorders caused by exposure to, 1543, 1547– 1549. See also under Heat Hot flushes, in menopause, 779, 779–780, 1181, 1186 estrogen replacement therapy for, 779– 780, 1182 topical progesterone for, 1185 Hot soaks, for wart removal, 141 Hot tub (Pseudomonas) folliculitis, 129, 130 Hounsfield units, urinary stone density measured with, 948 Household cleaning agents, poisoning caused by. See Caustic/ corrosive agents Howell-Jolly bodies, in sickle cell anemia, 504 HPC (hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation). See Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation HPeV. See Human parechovirus infection HPIVs. See Human parainfluenza viruses HPMPC. See Cidofovir HPS. See Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
HPV. See Human papillomavirus HPV vaccine, 4, 140, 659, 755–756, 757, 1308t, 1309t, 1311t, 1709 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1316t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis prevention and, 234 in STD prevention, 1291 HPV (16/18) and HPV (6/11/16/18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine, 4, 755, 757, 1709. See also HPV vaccine HRIG. See Human rabies immune globulin HRT (hormone replacement therapy). See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy HRV. See Rotavirus vaccine HSDD. See Hypoactive sexual desire disorder HSH (hydrogenated starch hydrolases), 1205 HSV-1. See Herpes simplex infection, type 1 HSV-2. See Herpes simplex infection, type 2 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. See Serotonin 5-HT3-receptor-blocking agents HTLV. See Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus Humalog. See Insulin lispro Human bite wounds, 1288–1290 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in amenorrhea, pregnancy and, 1180, 1181 for cryptorchism, 1178 in ectopic pregnancy, 781, 790 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 781, 791, 792 hyperthyroidism and, 791, 1112 gynecomastia and, 1178 hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and, 791, 1111, 1112 for infertility, 955, 1097 pregnancy tests and, 781 reference values for, 1729t spontaneous abortion and, 788 testicular tumors producing, 1177, 1643 Human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) for cystic fibrosis, 268 pleural instillation of, 316 Human diploid cell (HDCV) rabies vaccine, 1315, 1377, 1377–1378 Human granulocytic anaplasmosis/ ehrlichiosis, 1409t, 1414–1415 Lyme disease coinfection and, 1415, 1481 Human growth hormone, 1097. See also Growth hormone Human herpesvirus 1 and 2. See Herpes simplex infection Human herpesvirus 3. See Varicella zoster virus Human herpesvirus 4. See Epstein-Barr virus Human herpesvirus 6, 1350, 1356t, 1366 aphthous ulcers and, 227
CMDT 2013
1833
Human herpesvirus 7, 1356t, 1366–1367 Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpes virus), 145, 1322, 1350, 1367, 1622 Human herpesviruses, 1350–1367. See also specific type Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV/HIV-1; HIV-2 Human insulin, 1213, 1213t, 1214. See also Insulin therapy Human interferons. See specific type under Interferon Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) clinical relevance of testing for, 1725t in diabetes, 1192 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing for granulocyte transfusions, 537 for platelet transfusions, 536 for stem cell transplant, 533 Human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG), for ovulation induction, 769 Human metapneumovirus, 1393, 1394 Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, 1409t, 1414–1415 Human papillomavirus (HPV) in anal cancer, 1332, 1629 in CIN/cervical cancer, 755, 756, 1332, 1709 screening for, 755, 1332, 1709 genital types of. See Venereal (genital) warts in laryngeal cancer, 236 nasal tumors (inverted papillomas) caused by, 222 recurrent respiratory (laryngeal) papillomas caused by, 234 vaccine for. See Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in vulvar carcinoma, 760 warts caused by, 139–141, 139f, 752. See also Venereal (genital) warts Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, 4, 140, 659, 755–756, 757, 1308t, 1309t, 1311t, 1709 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1316t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis prevention and, 234 in STD prevention, 1291 Human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, 4, 755, 757, 1709. See also Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Human parainfluenza viruses, 1393, 1394 Human parechovirus infection, 1408 Human parvovirus B19 infection. See Erythrovirus (parvovirus B19) infection Human rabies immune globulin, 1377 Human T cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus (HTLV), 1013, 1322, 1383–1384 myelopathy caused by, 1013, 1383–1384 transfusion in transmission of/ screening blood for, 536, 1383, 1384
1834
CMDT 2013
Humidifier lung, 310t Humira. See Adalimumab Humoral immunity. See also B lymphocytes; Immunoglobulins infections associated with defects in, 1279 Humulin, 1213, 1214. See also Insulin therapy Hungry bone syndrome, 1135, 1143 Hunter canal, femoral artery disease and, 465 Huntingtin gene, 1001 Huntington disease, 1001–1002 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Huntington disease-like (HDL) disorders, 1002 Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Screamed at (HITS) tool, 1712 Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma, 1124, 1127, 1133 HUS. See Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Hutchinson sign, 1358, 1359 Hyaline, alcoholic, 681 Hyaline casts, 899t Hyaluronic acid fillers, for age-related facial changes, 1721 Hyaluronic acid injections, for osteoarthritis of knee, 1702 Hybridization, in situ, for HER-2/neu assessment in breast cancer, 734 Hycamtin. See Topotecan Hydatid disease/cysts, 1516 Hydatidiform mole, 791–792. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease hCG levels in, 781, 791, 792 hyperthyroidism in, 791, 1112 Hydralazine, 456t for heart failure, 404 for hypertension, 453, 456t eclampsia and, 795 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 Hydration. See Fluid management/ hydration Hydrea. See Hydroxyurea Hydrocarbon toxicity/abuse, 1086, 1583, 1587–1588 pneumonitis and, 308, 1587–1588 Hydrocele in filariasis, 1525, 1526 in testicular cancer, 1643 Hydrocephalus arteriovenous malformations causing, 987 intracranial tumor causing, 991 normal-pressure, 1007, 1017 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 Hydrochlorothiazide, 445t. See also Diuretics; Thiazide diuretics in combination products, 445t, 450t, 451t, 452t for diabetes insipidus, 1099 for islet cell tumors/insulinomas, 1241 lithium interactions and, 1074 Hydrocodone, 79 in combination agents, 79, 83t Hydrocortisone, 1190, 1190t. See also Corticosteroids
index for ACTH deficiency, 1096 acute adrenal insufficiency, 1154, 1154–1155 Addison disease, 1157 in antipruritics, 94 hypercortisolism/Cushing syndrome treatment and, 1160, 1161 for hypopituitarism, 1096 for inflammatory bowel disease/ ulcerative colitis, 639, 647, 648 perioperative, 54 topical, 94, 95t Hydrodistention, in interstitial cystitis, 946 Hydro-Diuril. See Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrofluoric acid burns, 1571 Hydrogen breath test in bacterial overgrowth, 625 in lactose intolerance, 573, 626 Hydrogen cyanide gas, poisoning caused by, 1577 Hydrogenated starch hydrolases, 1205 Hydromorphone, 79, 81t overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Hydronephrosis dysuria and, 43 postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 in tubulointerstitial disease, 932 Hydrophobia, in rabies, 1376 Hydrops endolymphatic. See Endolymphatic hydrops fetalis, 494t, 495 of gallbladder, 705 Hydroquinone, for hyperpigmentation, 156 Hydrothorax, hepatic, 688, 689 Hydroureter postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 in tubulointerstitial disease, 932 Hydroxocobalamin, for cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t b-Hydroxybutyrate/hydroxybutyric acid in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in diabetes mellitus, 1198 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1233 g-Hydroxybutyrate, overdose/toxicity of, 1580 Cushing syndrome and, 1158, 1160 Hydroxychloroquine adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t, 830 arrhythmias caused by, 1588 for lichen planus, 144 for lupus/SLE, 115, 834 for porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, in aldosteronism, 1165 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) carcinoids secreting, 1621 reference values for, 1731t Hydroxylapatite, for age-related facial changes, 1721 1-a-Hydroxylase, vitamin D-dependent rickets and, 1149 11-Hydroxylase/P450c11 deficiency, 1162, 1166, 1179 17-Hydroxylase/P450c17 deficiency, 1156, 1166, 1179
21-Hydroxylase/P450c21 deficiency, 1156, 1162, 1163, 1179 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. See Statin drugs 17-Hydroxyprogesterone in amenorrhea, 1179 in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1156, 1163 in hirsutism/virilization, 1163 Hydroxyproline, in Paget disease of bone, 1152 11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in hypertension, 437 in licorice-induced hypokalemia, 1166 3b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, amenorrhea in, 1179 17b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency, 1162 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists. See Serotonin 5-HT3-receptor-blocking agents Hydroxyurea in cancer chemotherapy, 1655t for essential thrombocytosis, 513–514 for polycythemia, 512 for sickle cell disease, 504 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3. See Calcifediol Hydroxyzine, 99, 1042t. See also Antihistamines for insomnia, 1042t, 1076 for pruritus, 99 for urticaria, 133 Hygiene hypothesis, for diabetes mellitus, 1194 Hygroton. See Chlorthalidone Hymen, imperforate, absent menses and, 1179 Hymenolepis diminuta (rodent tapeworm), 1514 nana (dwarf tapeworm), 1514 Hyoscyamus niger, toxicity of, 1575 Hyper-IgE syndrome, atopic-like dermatitis in, 103 Hyperacusis, 208 Hyperadrenergic syndrome in hypertensive emergency, 461t mitral valve prolapse and, 340, 341 Hyperaldosteronism. See Aldosteronism Hyperalimentation. See Central vein nutritional support Hyperandrogenism, 1162–1163, 1163–1164 acne and, 125 adrenal tumors causing, 1162 amenorrhea caused by, 1179, 1180 female pattern hair loss and, 1720 in hirsutism/virilization, 1161, 1162 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning, 1566t, 1576–1577 for clostridial myonecrosis, 1429 for dysbarism/decompression sickness, 1558 for high-altitude illness, 1559 Hyperbilirubinemia, 662, 663t. See also Bilirubin levels; Jaundice
index in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 Hypercalcemia, 883–884, 883t, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1140f. See also Hyperparathyroidism adrenocortical insufficiency/Addison disease and, 1142, 1154, 1156 artifact causing, 1141 bisphosphonate use causing, 1142, 1147 bisphosphonates for, 884 calcium ingestion causing, 883, 1141 cancer-related, 883, 884, 1141, 1596t, 1646–1647 lung cancer and, 1597 pamidronate/zoledronic acid for, 1647, 1659t familial hypocalciuric, 878t, 884, 1142 hypercalciuria and, 884, 947t, 948 hyperparathyroidism and, 883, 884, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1140f in hyperthyroidism, 1142 hypocalciuria and, 878t, 884, 1142 hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia treatment and, 1138 immobilization, 1142 in kidney injury/renal failure/dialysis patients, 883, 884, 910t, 1139 lithium use and, 1073, 1142 in MEN, 1188, 1189 in myeloma, 527, 528, 529, 936, 1141 pancreatitis and, 1139, 1141, 1144 parathyroid tumors and, 1139, 1143 in sarcoidosis, 295, 883, 1141 vitamin D ingestion and, 107, 884, 1141–1142, 1151 Hypercalciuria, 947t, 948. See also Calcium nephrolithiasis hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 884, 947t, 948, 1139, 1140 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 882–883, 1136, 1137 hypomagnesemia and, 878t, 948 in sarcoidosis, 295, 883 Hypercapnia. See Permissive hypercapnia; Respiratory acidosis Hypercarotenosis, 1267 Hyperchloremic normal anion gap acidosis, 890, 890t, 891–893, 892t, 893–894. See also Normal anion gap acidosis Hypercholesterolemia. See also Cholesterol; Lipid disorders antiretroviral therapy and, 1344 clinical presentations in, 1247–1248, 1248f familial, 1245 heart disease risk and, 350, 1245, 1246, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 1251, 1706 isotretinoin causing, 127 management of. See Lipid-lowering therapy in nephrotic syndrome, 927, 928 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 8–10 screening for, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t
in cardiovascular disease prevention, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249– 1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 in older adults, 1251–1252 in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 Hyperchylomicronemia clinical presentations in, 1247–1248, 1248f in diabetes, 1197 familial, 1245 Hypercoagulability in acute mesenteric vein occlusion, 471 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 835 in Behçet syndrome, 853 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297 in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 pulmonary hypertension and, 424 superficial thrombophlebitis and, 480 Hypercortisolism, 1158–1161. See also Cushing syndrome Hyperdynamic state, in myocardial infarction, 367t Hyperemesis gravidarum, 787–788 thyroid disorders and, 787, 1111 Wernicke encephalopathy and, 1013 Hypereosinophilic syndromes, cardiac involvement in, 428 Hypergammaglobulinemia bronchiectasis and, 266 chronic pancreatitis and, 715 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529 Hypergastrinemia carcinoid tumors and, 1619 in pernicious anemia gastritis, 610 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 Hyperglycemia, 1192. See also Diabetes mellitus in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 antipsychotic drug use and, 1057, 1059, 1060t in burn injury, 1552 coma caused by. See Diabetic coma control of. See Glycemic control in diabetes in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1232, 1232t drugs causing, 1244 drugs for treatment of, 1205–1213, 1206–1207t. See also Antidiabetic agents; Insulin therapy in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 877, 1232t, 1235, 1236 hypernatremia and, 876 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872 insulin resistance and, 1194, 1196, 1196t pancreatitis/pancreatectomy and, 1196 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t
CMDT 2013
1835
pentamidine-induced, 1244, 1535 in pheochromocytoma, 1168 prebreakfast, 1219–1220, 1219t in pregnancy, 800–801 congenital anomalies caused by, 801 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t secondary, 1196, 1196t surgery and, prevention of, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t Hyperglycemic coma. See Diabetic coma Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 877, 1232t, 1235–1237 Hyperhomocysteinemia, in coronary heart disease/occlusive arterial disease, 1668–1669 Hyperinfection syndrome, in strongyloidiasis, 1519 Hyperinsulinemia acne and, 126 factitious, 1239 hypoglycemic insulinoma causing, 1189, 1239 islet cell hyperplasia causing, 1242 in insulin resistance syndrome, 1196 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 Hyperkalemia, 879–880, 880t, 881t adrenocortical insufficiency/Addison disease and, 879, 1154, 1157 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin blockers causing, 449, 879, 928 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1234 genetic disorders and, 878t, 879 in HIV infection/AIDS, 880 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 in hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, 892, 892t, 894, 933, 1157 in metabolic acidosis, 879, 892, 892t, 914 postoperative, 55 renal disorders/failure and, 879, 902, 905, 913–914, 928 spurious/phlebotomy technique and, 1164 in tubulointerstitial disease, 933 in tumor lysis syndrome, 1647 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, 878t, 1036–1037 Hyperkeratosis, plantar, of heels, 141 Hyperketonemia in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 at end of life, 90 Hyperleukocytosis, in acute leukemia, 520 Hyperlipidemia. See also Lipid disorders antipsychotic drugs and, 1059, 1060t antiretroviral therapy causing, 1332, 1344 in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1200–1201, 1247, 1248t familial combined, 1245 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 918, 927, 928, 1248t treatment of. See Lipid-lowering therapy
1836
CMDT 2013
Hypermagnesemia, 888 in acute tubular necrosis/kidney injury, 906 hypomagnesemia treatment and, 888 hypoparathyroidism and, 887, 1136 Hypermetabolism in burn injury, 1552 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 Hypermethioninemia, newborn screening for, 1669 Hypernatremia, 875–876 in diabetes insipidus, 876, 1098, 1099 in diabetes mellitus/glucosuria, 876 enteral nutritional support and, 1273 Hyperopia, 162 Hyperosmolality (hyperosmolar disorders), 877 hyperglycemia and (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state), 877, 1232t, 1235–1237 hypernatremia and, 875 Hyperosmolar nonketotic dehydration, parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t Hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal (DISH), 855, 1228 Hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 Hyperparathyroidism, 1138–1144, 1140f. See also Hypercalcemia bisphosphonate use and, 1142, 1147 bone changes and, 1139, 1141 chronic kidney disease and, 911f, 912, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1143–1144 hypercalcemia and, 883, 884, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1140f hypercalciuria and, 884, 947t, 948, 1139 hypophosphatemia and, 885, 1139, 1140 lithium use and, 1073 in MEN, 1138–1139, 1141, 1144, 1188–1189, 1189 pancreatitis and, 1139, 1141, 1144 after parathyroidectomy, 1143 parathyroidectomy for, 1142–1144 during pregnancy, 1139 Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, 1139 Hyperpathia intracranial mass lesions causing, 991 neuropathy causing, 1021 stroke causing, 981 Hyperphosphatemia, 886–887, 886t in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232 hypercalcemia and, 884 in kidney disease, 886, 902, 911f acute tubular necrosis, 905 bone disorders and, 912, 912–913, 912f, 1139 hyperparathyroidism and, 912, 912f, 1139 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 882, 912, 912f in lactic acidosis, 1237 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t in tumor lysis syndrome, 1647 Hyperpigmentation, 155–156. See also Pigmented skin lesions
index in Addison disease, 155, 1156 in alkaptonuria, 1665 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 drugs causing, 155, 160t in hemochromatosis, 695 nail, drugs causing, 157, 160t in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 postinflammatory, 155, 156 in varicose veins, 478, 479 in venous insufficiency/leg ulcers, 34, 153, 481 in visceral leishmaniasis, 1487 Hyperplastic polyps, 652, 653, 653–654 Hyperprolactinemia, 1102–1105, 1103t amenorrhea and, 1102, 1103, 1180, 1181 asenapine causing, 1058 gynecomastia and, 1102, 1178 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and, 1096, 1102, 1103 hypothyroidism and, 1103, 1107 infertility and, 768, 769, 955, 1102, 1103, 1104 nipple discharge in, 720, 1103, 1719 risperidone-induced, 1057 Hyperproteinemia, hyponatremia and, 871f, 872, 874 Hyperreactio luteinalis, 1162 Hyperreflexia, in tetanus, 1429 Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism, 1157 Hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. See Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity visceral chest pain/discomfort and, 606–607 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 310, 310t Hypersensitivity reactions, 865–866. See also Allergies/allergic reactions to antimicrobials, 1305–1307 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 myocarditis caused by, 409t, 410 to ophthalmic medications, 166, 195 to transfusion, 535 Hypersensitivity syndromes, druginduced (complex drug eruptions), 160–161 Hypersomnias, 1077 Hypertension, 10–11, 433–463 aldosteronism and, 437, 437–438, 440, 453, 1164, 1165 aortic dissection and, 439, 461t, 477 assessment/diagnosis of, 433–434, 434t, 435f, 439–440 atherosclerosis and, 439 atrial fibrillation and, 385, 385t, 386 cardiovascular disease/risk factors/ prevention and, 7t, 10–11, 433, 434, 439, 441–442, 442– 444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457, 1249t, 1250 in women, 1706 cerebrovascular disease and, 439, 440, 443 chronic kidney disease/renal failure and, 433, 439, 442t, 458–459, 908, 910, 910t, 911, 911f
classification of, 433, 434t, 435–439, 436t in coarctation of aorta, 326, 327, 438 complications of untreated disease and, 439 in Cushing syndrome, 438 dementia and, 439 in diabetes mellitus/diabetic nephropathy, 433, 442t, 443, 444, 457–458, 458, 931, 1197, 1224, 1227 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for, 442t, 449, 457–458, 458, 931, 1202, 1203, 1224, 1227 antihypertensive therapy regimens for, 442t, 457–458, 458, 931 benefits of control of, 1202, 1203, 1224, 1227 calcium channel blocking agents and, 442t, 458, 1203 in elderly, 433, 435, 436, 437, 458t, 459 epistaxis and, 220 essential, 435–436 estrogen use and, 438 fibromuscular dysplasia/renal artery stenosis and, 437, 917, 918 genetic factors in, 437 headache and, 41, 439 in heart disease/failure, 10–11, 398, 433, 434, 439, 442t, 457 insulin resistance syndrome and, 436, 1196 intracerebral hemorrhage and, 434, 461t, 983 intracranial. See Intracranial hypertension malignant, 460 headache in, 41 management of, 434t in blacks, 436, 449, 453, 457f, 458t, 459 cardiovascular/heart disease prevention and, 10–11, 434, 439, 441–442, 442–444, 442t, 443f, 444t, 457 in women, 1706 congestive heart failure and, 10–11, 439, 442t, 457 in diabetic patients, 442t, 443, 444, 457–458, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 exercise/activity and, 12–13, 436, 441, 441t kidney disease/renal failure and, 439, 442t, 458–459, 911 in hypertensive emergency, 461t lifestyle modifications/ nonpharmacologic therapy and, 434t, 441, 441t pharmacologic, 434t, 441–444, 442t, 443f, 444–459, 444t, 445t, 447–448t, 450–452t, 454– 455t, 456t, 457f, 458t. See also Antihypertensive drug therapy in urgencies and emergencies, 461–463, 462t preoperative, 49–50 for urgencies/emergencies, 461–463, 462t
index metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) and, 436, 1196 in nephritic syndrome, 920 ocular. See Ocular hypertension oral contraceptive use and, 438, 772 in pheochromocytoma, 438, 440, 1166, 1166–1167, 1167, 1168t, 1169 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 portal. See Portal hypertension portopulmonary, 691 during pregnancy, 437, 438, 461t, 793– 795, 793t, 802. See also Preeclampsia-eclampsia preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49–50 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 10–11 prevention of, 10–11 exercise/activity in, 11, 12–13, 436 primary essential, 435–436 pulmonary. See Pulmonary hypertension renal disease and, 437, 442t, 458–459 renal vascular, 437 resistant, 438, 459–460, 460t retinochoroidopathy/retinopathy in, 186, 440, 440f salt-sensitive, 436 screening for, 7t, 10–11 secondary, 436–437, 436t sleep apnea and, 319, 436 sodium restriction and, 436 stroke/stroke prevention and, 10–11, 433, 439, 440, 442t, 457 in emergencies/urgencies, 460–461, 461t Hypertension exacerbated in pregnancy, 437 Hypertensive emergencies, 433, 460–463, 461t, 462t MAOIs causing, 1069 in pheochromocytoma, 438, 1167, 1169 in scleroderma, 839 Hypertensive encephalopathy, 440, 460 Hypertensive nephropathy, 460 Hypertensive urgencies, 433, 460–463, 461t, 462t. See also Hypertensive emergencies Hyperthecosis. See Polycystic ovary syndrome Hyperthermia, 35–36, 36t, 1547–1549. See also Fever; Heat; Serotonin syndrome antipsychotic drugs causing. See Neuroleptic malignant syndrome heat exposure syndromes and, 1547–1549 malignant, 35, 1283, 1565 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1565. See also Serotonin syndrome with antidepressants, 1591, 1592 prevention of, 1547 Hyperthermia therapy, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), 1105t, 1110–1119, 1111t
amiodarone-induced, 1110, 1112, 1113–1114, 1114, 1117 apathetic, 1114, 1118 atrial fibrillation in, 384, 1112, 1114, 1118 cancer-related, 1112, 1127, 1128, 1596t cardiac disorders/failure and, 399, 400, 1112, 1114, 1118 eye disease associated with, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 factitious, 1111, 1113 fetal, 800 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791, 1112 goiter/thyroid nodules and, 1111, 1114, 1123, 1125, 1134 in Graves disease, 1110–1111 Hashimoto thyroiditis and, 1111, 1117, 1121 hypercalcemia and, 1142 hypothyroidism after treatment for, 1115, 1116, 1119 iodine-induced (Jod-Basedow disease/ phenomenon), 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114 lactation and, 1115, 1117 levothyroxine causing, 1125 lipid abnormalities and, 1248t lithium causing, 1111 muscle weakness and, 841 osteoporosis and, 1145 palpitations and, 31 after parathyroidectomy, 1143 periodic paralysis and, 1036, 1113, 1119 pituitary tumor/hyperplasia causing, 1111, 1117 postpartum, 1111, 1119, 1121 during pregnancy, 800, 1111, 1111– 1112, 1113, 1117, 1121 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 55 struma ovarii and, 1111, 1114 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1111, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1121, 1122 subclinical, 1113, 1119 thyroid carcinoma and, 1112 thyroid testing in, 1105t, 1113–1114 toxic adenoma/solitary nodule causing, 1111, 1116 TSH levels in, 1105t, 1110, 1113 Hypertonic hyponatremia, 871–872, 871f Hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis, 268 for hyponatremia, 874–875 Hypertrichosis lanuginosa, 1162 minoxidil therapy and, 1164, 1720 in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 Hypertriglyceridemia, 1255–1256. See also Lipid disorders alcohol use/abuse and, 1247, 1248t cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 702 clinical presentations in, 1247–1248, 1248f HIV infection/antiretroviral therapy and, 1344
CMDT 2013
1837
hyponatremia and, 871f, 872, 874 insulin resistance syndrome/diabetes mellitus and, 1197, 1228 isotretinoin causing, 127 management of, 1253, 1254, 1255– 1256, 1255t in nephrotic syndrome, 927, 928 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684 pancreatitis and, 711, 714, 1255 Hypertrophic/hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. See Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic gastropathy (Ménétrier disease), 610 Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy/ hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, 864, 1596t rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Hyperuricemia, 812, 813t, 814 acute tubular necrosis/kidney injury and, 905 asymptomatic, 814 cancer-related/chemotherapy-induced, 1647–1648 allopurinol for, 1647, 1658t rasburicase for, 1647, 1658t in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 in diabetes mellitus, 1228 drugs causing, 814–815 drugs in management of, 815–816 in gout, 812, 812–813, 813t, 814, 936–937 kidney disease and, 812, 813, 816, 905, 910t, 936–937, 1647 in myeloma, 528, 529, 936 in polycythemia, 512 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 794 in transplant patient, 816 urinary stone formation and, 813, 936–937, 949. See also Uric acid urinary stones Hyperuricosuric calcium nephrolithiasis, 948–949 Hyperventilation, 318 for high-altitude illness, 1559 lactic acidosis and, 1237 in metabolic acidosis, 893 neurogenic, in coma or stupor, 318, 1014 respiratory alkalosis (hypocapnia) and, 318, 896, 896–897 Hyperviscosity DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297 myeloma and, 527, 528 Waldenström macroglobulinemia and, 530 Hypervitaminosis A, 1267 Hypervolemia, acute kidney injury and, 902 Hypervolemic hypernatremia, 875, 876 Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, 871f, 873–874, 874 Hyphema, 192, 193, 193f Hypnagogic hallucinations. See also Hallucinations in narcolepsy, 1077
1838
CMDT 2013
Hypnosis/hypnotherapy for chronic pain, 1048 for conversion disorders, 1046 for dyspepsia, 566 for irritable bowel syndrome, 636 Hypnotic drugs. See Sedative-hypnotics Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), 1181, 1185, 1714 Hypoadrenalism. See Adrenocortical insufficiency Hypoalbuminemia anion gap affected in, 890 ascites and, 587t calcium levels and, 882, 883, 1136, 1646 in nephrotic syndrome, 918, 927 in protein-losing enteropathy, 631, 632 Hypoaldosteronism, 1157 Addison disease and, 1155, 1157 after adrenalectomy, 1166 hyperreninemic, 1157 hyporeninemic/in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 894, 933, 1157 Hypobaric hypoxia, 1558, 1559. See also High-altitude illness air travel emergencies and, 1560 Hypocalcemia, 882–883, 882t, 1136, 1137, 1137–1138 bisphosphonate use and, 1147 familial, 878t with hypercalciuria, 882–883, 1136, 1137 hyperphosphatemia and, 882 hypomagnesemia and, 882, 883, 887, 888 hypoparathyroidism and, 882, 1136, 1137, 1137–1138. See also Hypoparathyroidism in kidney disease, 882, 910t acute tubular necrosis/ rhabdomyolysis, 905, 906 bone disorders and, 912, 912f muscle cramps caused by, 882 pancreatitis and, 714, 882, 1137 after parathyroidectomy, 1143 in pseudohypoparathyroidism, 1137 tetany and, 882, 1136, 1137, 1137t Hypocalciuria, hypercalcemia and (hypocalciuric hypercalcemia), 878t, 884, 1142 Hypocapnia. See Respiratory alkalosis Hypochloremia in normal anion gap acidosis, 892. See also Hyperchloremic normal anion gap acidosis in respiratory acidosis, 896 Hypochlorite, for skin/clothing decontamination, 1566, 1587 Hypocholesterolemic drugs. See Lipidlowering therapy Hypochondriasis, 1041, 1046 Hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 Hypocomplementemia in hepatitis C-related renal disease, 926 in SLE, 834t Hypogammaglobulinemia in bronchiectasis, 266 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522
index in common variable immunodeficiency, 868–869 infection and, 1279 Hypoglycemia, 1221–1222, 1238–1244 adrenocortical insufficiency and, 1154, 1156 alcohol-related, 1083, 1222, 1238, 1238t in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 altered awareness of, 1222, 1239 autoimmune/immunopathologic, 1238, 1238t, 1243 cancer-related, 1596t chronic kidney disease/uremia and, 910, 914, 1222 coma caused by, 1231, 1232t in poisoning/drug overdose, 1232t, 1563 diabetes treatment and, 1221–1222. See also Hypoglycemia, insulininduced disordered eating in women and, 1713 drug-induced, 1238t, 1243–1244, 1580 exercise-induced, 12, 1222 factitious, 1239, 1243 fasting, 1238, 1238t functional alimentary, 1242–1243 after gastric surgery, 1242 in GH deficiency, 1094 glucagon response to, impaired, 1222 hyperinsulinemic insulinoma causing, 1189, 1239 islet cell hyperplasia causing, 1242 hypophosphatemia associated with treatment of, 885 insulin-induced/intensive glycemic control and, 1201, 1221–1222, 1580 in hospitalized patient, 1230 insulin receptor antibodies causing, 1243 near drowning and, 1556 noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (islet cell hyperplasia) causing, 1238, 1241, 1242 nonislet cell tumors causing, 1241–1242 occult diabetes and, 1243 pancreatic B cell tumors/insulinoma causing, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t patient education and, 1218 pentamidine-induced, 1244, 1535 postprandial (reactive), 1238, 1238t, 1242–1243 pramlintide use and, 1213 status epilepticus caused by, 974 surgery and, prevention of, 54, 54t, 1229 Hypoglycemic drugs, 1205–1213, 1206– 1207t. See also Antidiabetic agents; Insulin therapy overdose/toxicity of, 1566t, 1580 Hypoglycemic unawareness, 1222, 1239 Hypogonadism Addison disease and, 1155, 1156, 1157 androgen insensitivity causing, 1094, 1175 female amenorrhea in, 1094, 1179, 1181 hormone replacement therapy for, 1096–1097
premature (premature menopause/ ovarian failure), 779, 1181 in Turner syndrome, 1186 GH-secreting pituitary tumor causing, 1100 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330 hypergonadotropic, 955, 1173, 1173t, 1174–1175, 1175 hyperprolactinemia and, 1096, 1102, 1103 hypogonadotropic, 955, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1097, 1173, 1173t, 1175 isolated/congenital, 1093, 1173 in hypopituitarism, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1097 male, 1093, 1094, 1173t, 1174–1177 gynecomastia and, 1174t, 1178 hormone replacement therapy for, 1096–1097, 1176–1177 infertility and, 954, 955, 1094, 1175 sexual dysfunction and, 1094, 1175 osteoporosis and, 1145 Hypokalemia, 877–879, 877t, 878t aldosteronism and, 878, 1164 differential diagnosis and, 1165–1166 diabetic ketoacidosis treatment and, 1234 diuretic use and, 401, 446, 878, 879 genetic disorders and, 878, 878t hypomagnesemia and, 878, 879, 887, 888 kidney injury/renal disorders and, 879, 892t, 910t in metabolic acidosis, 878, 892, 892t, 894 in metabolic alkalosis, 894–895, 895 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t VIPomas and, 1172, 1189 vitamin B12 replacement therapy and, 498 Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, 878t, 1036 in hyperthyroidism, 1036, 1113, 1119 Hypomagnesemia, 887–888, 887t hypercalciuria and, 878t, 948 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 882, 883, 887, 888, 1135–1136, 1136, 1137 hypokalemia and, 878, 879, 887, 888 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t proton pump inhibitors causing, 887– 888 Hypomagnesemia-hypercalciuria syndrome, 878t Hypomania, 1063. See also Mania in cyclothymic disorders, 1064 drug therapy for, 1072–1075, 1074t Hyponatremia, 871–875, 871f, 873t adrenocortical insufficiency/Addison disease and, 871f, 872, 1154, 1156 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232 drugs causing, 871f, 872, 874 endurance exercise causing, 871f, 873 in HIV infection/AIDS, 872 hormone abnormalities causing, 872 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236
index in hypopituitarism, 1095, 1096 in hypothyroidism/myxedema, 871f, 872, 1106 MDMA causing, 872, 1572 nausea/pain/surgery/procedures causing, 871f, 872 after pituitary surgery, 1096, 1104 in porphyria, 1664 psychogenic polydipsia/beer potomania causing, 871f, 873, 1055 reset osmostat causing, 873, 874 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 873, 1055 in SIADH, 871f, 873, 874, 875 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985–986 Hypoparathyroidism, 1135–1138, 1137t congenital, 1136 fetal, maternal hyperparathyroidism and, 1136 hyper-/hypomagnesemia and, 882, 887, 1135–1136, 1136, 1137 hypercalcemia and, 884 hypercalciuria and, 882–883, 1136, 1137, 1138 hypocalcemia and, 882, 1136, 1137, 1137–1138, 1140f after parathyroid surgery, 1135, 1143, 1189 tetany and, 1136, 1137, 1137t after thyroidectomy, 1116, 1119, 1129, 1135 Hypophosphatasia, 1150, 1151 Hypophosphatemia, 885–886, 885t, 1150, 1151 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 886, 1234 hypercalciuria and, 947t, 948 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236–1237 hyperparathyroidism and, 885, 1139, 1140 hypocalcemia and, 882 osteomalacia/rickets and, 878t, 1150, 1151 Hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia, 878t, 1150, 1151 Hypophysectomy, for breast cancer, 740 Hypopigmentation, 155–156, 155f in atopic dermatitis, 103 in tinea (pityriasis) versicolor, 113 in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Hypopituitarism, 1093–1098 after acromegaly/gigantism treatment, 1102 amenorrhea and, 1179, 1181 hypogonadism and, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1097, 1173 Hypopnea, sleep, 318. See also Sleep apnea Hypoproteinemia, in nephrotic syndrome, 927 Hypoprothrombinemia in cirrhosis, 690–691 factor II antibodies and, 553 salicylate-induced, 1588 Hypopyon in anterior uveitis, 178 in bacterial keratitis, 172 in Behçet syndrome, 853 Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, 1157 in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 894, 933, 1157
Hyposmia, 220 in Kallmann syndrome, 1094 Hypotension ACE inhibitors causing, 402, 449 in Addison disease, 1156, 1157 antipsychotics causing, 1059, 1574 in cholera, 1448 in desensitization therapy, 1307 in diabetes, 1197, 1226 dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction) and, 975, 976, 1021 myocardial infarction and, 374 orthostatic (postural). See Orthostatic (postural) hypotension palpitations and, 31 pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma removal and, 1169, 1170 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1563–1564 right ventricular infarction and, 374 in shock, 485, 486 syncope and, 396 transient ischemic attacks and, 977 Hypotensive agents. See Antihypertensive drug therapy Hypothalamic disorders, 1093–1105 amenorrhea caused by, 1179, 1180 Hypothermia coma and, 1014, 1015, 1544 of extremities, 1545–1546 near drowning and, 1556, 1557 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1563 prevention of, 1545 rhabdomyolysis and, 844 systemic (accidental), 1543–1545, 1544f Hypothyroidism, 1094, 1105–1110, 1105t, 1107t Addison disease and (Schmidt syndrome), 1155 amiodarone-induced, 1106 cardiac disorders/failure and, 399, 400, 1108 congenital/fetal, 800, 1117 maternal hyperthyroidism and, 800, 1106, 1117 cretinism and, 1106, 1134 dementia and, 60 goiter/thyroid nodules and, 1106, 1123, 1125, 1134 Hashimoto thyroiditis and, 1106, 1120, 1121, 1122 hepatitis C and, 1106 hyperprolactinemia and, 1103, 1107 after hyperthyroidism treatment, 1115, 1116, 1119 hyponatremia in, 871f, 872, 1106 iodine deficiency and, 1134 lipid abnormalities in, 1248t lithium causing, 1073 mania/bipolar disease and, 1064 muscle weakness and, 841 pericardial effusions and, 420, 1106 during pregnancy, 800, 1106, 1108, 1109 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 55 after radioiodine therapy, 1116, 1119 in subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis, 1106, 1111, 1121
CMDT 2013
1839
subclinical, 800, 1107 thiourea treatment and, 1115 thyroid testing in, 1105t, 1107, 1107t after thyroidectomy, 1119, 1129 TSH deficiency/levels in, 1094, 1096, 1105t, 1106, 1107 Hypotonic fluid administration, hyponatremia and, 872 Hypotonic hyponatremia, 871f, 872–874 Hypouricemia, in SIADH, 874 Hypoventilation alveolar central, 318 primary (Ondine curse), 317–318 obesity and (Pickwickian syndrome), 318 respiratory acidosis and, 895–896 Hypovolemia kidney injury and, 902, 910t in myocardial infarction, 367t rhabdomyolysis and, 844 Hypovolemic hypernatremia, 875, 876 Hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, 871f, 872, 874 Hypovolemic shock, 485, 485t, 486, 487 in heat stroke, 1548 in myocardial infarction, 367t, 374 Hypoxemia in ARDS, 322, 323 in asthma/asthma exacerbations, 246, 256 in COPD, 261, 264 oxygen therapy and, 261–262, 264 in cystic fibrosis, 267 dyspnea and, 25, 26, 86 near drowning and, 1556 in patent foramen ovale, 329 in pulmonary embolism, 297, 299 in respiratory failure, 320 in sleep apnea, 318 Hypoxia hypobaric, 1558, 1559. See also Highaltitude illness air travel emergencies and, 1560 lactic acidosis and, 891 near drowning and, 1556 in pulmonary embolism, 298 Hypoxic hepatitis, 699 Hypoxis rooperi, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 Hysterectomy. See also Menopause/ menopausal syndrome, surgical for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for cervical cancer, 757 for chronic pelvic pain, 1716 for dysmenorrhea, 750–751, 1716 for endometrial carcinoma, 759 for endometriosis, 761 estrogen replacement therapy and, 779 for gestational trophoblastic disease, 792 for ovarian cancer, 765 for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 for PID, 764 for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 premature menopause/ovarian failure and, 779, 780, 1181 prophylactic, in HNPCC, 657 for uterine leiomyoma, 758
1840
CMDT 2013
Hysteria (somatization disorder), 1045–1046 Hysterical conversion. See Conversion disorder Hysterical (histrionic) personality disorder, 1052t Hysterosalpingography, 748t in infertility workup, 768 Hysteroscopy, 748t in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747, 748 in endometrial carcinoma, 759 in postmenopausal bleeding, 749 tubal ligation and, 777 Hytrin. See Terazosin Hyzaar. See Losartan, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide 123
I. See also Radioactive iodine for thyroid scanning, 1105t, 1124t, 1127t. See also Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake for whole body scanning, in thyroid cancer surveillance, 1128–1129, 1132–1133 123 I-MIBG scanning, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1169, 1170, 1171 131 I. See also Radioactive iodine for goiter, 1135 for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1115–1116 amiodarone-induced, 1117 hypothyroidism after, 1116, 1119 ophthalmopathy flares and, 1115–1116 thiourea treatment and, 1115 toxic multinodular goiter, 1116 toxic solitary thyroid nodule and, 1116 for thyroid cancer treatment/ surveillance, 1130–1131, 1132–1133 for thyroid nodules, 1125–1126 for whole body scanning, in thyroid cancer surveillance, 1128–1129, 1132–1133 131 I-MIBG therapy, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1171 131 I tositumomab, 1654t for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 IA-2 antibodies, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t IAA. See Insulin, antibodies to IADL. See Instrumental activities of daily living Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1381, 1382 Iatrogenic pneumothorax, 316 Ibandronate, 1146. See also Bisphosphonates Ibotenic acid, poisoning with mushrooms containing, 1586t Ibritumomab tiuxetan, 1653t for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 Ibuprofen, 77t lithium interactions and, 1074t platelet function affected by, 549t
index Ibutilide, 377, 379t for atrial fibrillation, 378t, 385, 387 for atrial flutter, 378t, 389 ICA. See Islet cell antibodies ICD. See Implantable cardioverter defibrillator Ice pack, as topical antipruritic, 94 iCJD. See Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ICSI. See Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Icteric leptospirosis (Weil syndrome), 1477 Icterus. See Jaundice Idamycin. See Idarubicin Idarubicin, 1653t toxicity of, 1653t, 1662 Idiogenic osmoles, hypernatremia treatment and, 876 Idiopathic adulthood ductopenia, 710 Idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy (neuralgic amyotrophy), 1029–1030 Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. See Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis Idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia syndrome, 1382 Idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis, 919t, 924 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, 293–295, 294t Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 995 Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 919t, 925. See also Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Idiopathic midline destructive disease, 223 Idiopathic polyneuropathy, acute. See Guillain-Barré syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, 307 Idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension, 304, 423, 424, 425 Idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse (DISH), 855, 1228 Idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1002–1003 Idiosyncratic drug reactions, liver disease caused by, 683 Idioventricular rhythm, accelerated, 393 in myocardial infarction, 373, 393 Idoxuridine, 1353t IEP. See Immunofixation electrophoresis IFA. See Immunofluorescence assay Ifex. See Ifosfamide Ifosfamide, 1650t hemorrhagic cystitis caused by, 1661 mesna for, 1658t, 1661 IgA in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 622, 868 in common variable immunodeficiency, 868–869 in myeloma, 527 reference values for, 1731t selective deficiency of, 868 anaphylactic transfusion reactions and, 535, 868
serum levels of, in IgA nephropathy, 923 in toxoplasmosis, 1501 IgA nephropathy (Berger disease), 919t, 921f, 922–923 IgA vasculitis, 919t IgE. See also Allergies/allergic reactions in anaphylaxis/urticaria/angioedema, 132, 866 atopy/atopic disease and, 103, 866 tests for, 866 IgE-mediated (immediate/type I) hypersensitivity, 865–866. See also Allergies/allergic reactions IGF-1. See Insulin-like growth factor-1 IGF-2. See Insulin-like growth factor-2 IGF2BP2 gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 IgG in antibody-mediated/cytotoxic hypersensitivity, 866 in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in bullous pemphigoid, 139 in common variable immunodeficiency, 868–869 deficiency of, with IgA deficiency, 868 in H pylori infection, 565 in hepatitis A, 666, 666f in hepatitis B, 668f, 668t, 669 in immune complex hypersensitivity, 866 intravenous. See Intravenous immune globulin in Lyme disease, 1480 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in mononucleosis, 1362 in multiple sclerosis, 1011 in myeloma, 527 in neuromyelitis optica, 1012 in pancreatitis, 715, 716 platelet-associated, 1733t in postinfectious glomerulonephritis, 922 reference values for, 1731t in rubella, 1374, 1375 in toxoplasmosis, 1501, 1502 IgG index, 1731t IgG4-associated cholangitis, 709–710 IgG4-associated pancreatitis, 715, 716 IGIV. See Intravenous immune globulin IgM in antibody-mediated/cytotoxic hypersensitivity, 866 in biliary cirrhosis, 693 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 in common variable immunodeficiency, 868–869 in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 930 in hepatitis A, 666, 666f in hepatitis B, 668f, 668t, 669, 674 in immune complex hypersensitivity, 866 in Lyme disease, 1480 in mononucleosis, 1362 reference values for, 1731t in rubella, 1374, 1375 in toxoplasmosis, 1501, 1502 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529, 530
index IL. See under Interleukin IL2RA/IL7RA genes, in multiple sclerosis, 1010 IL12A/IL12RB2 genes, in biliary cirrhosis, 693 IL28B gene, in hepatitis C, 670–671, 677 Ileitis/ileocolitis, in Crohn disease, 641 Ileum. See also Small intestine resection of short bowel syndrome and, 625 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 497 Ileus antipsychotics causing, 1059 gallstone, 703 in pancreatitis, 711, 713, 714, 716 paralytic (acute/adynamic), 627–628 Iliac arteries, atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 464–465 Illicit drug use. See Substance use disorders Illness behaviors, abnormal, 1045–1047 Illusions in focal seizures, 969 intracranial tumors causing, 990 psychedelic drug use and, 1084 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Iloperidone, 1055, 1056t, 1057t, 1058 Iloprost, for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f Imagery (emotive imagery), in anxiety disorders, 1044 Imaging, radiation exposure and, 1554, 1555 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 Imatinib, 1654t for chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 for gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619–1620 Imbalance. See Dysequilibrium; Falls; Vertigo; Vestibular disorders Imidazoles, topical, 97t. See also specific agent Imiglucerase, for Gaucher disease, 1668 Imipenem for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455, 1455t for anthrax, 1433t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Imipramine, 1068, 1070t, 1723t. See also Antidepressants for cataplexy, 1077 for enuresis, 1068, 1078 Imiquimod for actinic keratoses, 117 for genital warts, 140, 753 Immediate (IgE-mediated/type I) hypersensitivity, 865–866. See also Allergies/allergic reactions Immersion (trench) foot/hand, 1545– 1546 Immobility DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297, 301t in elderly, 65 hypercalcemia and, 1142 pressure ulcers and, 65, 70 rhabdomyolysis and, 844 urinary incontinence and, 68
Immobilization for dislocated shoulder, 1682 in musculoskeletal injury management, 1674 Immune alveolar hemorrhage, 306 Immune clearance hepatitis B, 674 Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (type III), 866 glomerulonephritis and, 907, 921f membranous nephropathy and, 929 serum sickness and, 866, 867 Immune globulin. See specific type and Intravenous immune globulin Immune insulin resistance, 1222 Immune intervention therapy, for diabetes prevention/delay, 1201–1202 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS), 187, 1333 corticosteroids in management of, 1339 in cryptococcosis, 1536 Kaposi sarcoma flare and, 1331, 1332 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and, 1383 Immune recovery uveitis, 187 Immune thrombocytopenia, 540–542, 541f. See also Thrombocytopenia Immune tolerant hepatitis B, 674 Immunity/immune response disorders. See Allergies/allergic reactions; Atopic disease; Autoimmune disorders; Immunodeficiency Immunizations (vaccines), 3–5, 1307– 1318, 1308–1313t, 1316– 1317t. See also specific type recommended types/schedules for for adults, 1307–1314, 1308–1313t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1313t, 1314, 1335 for infants/children/adolescents, 1307 during pregnancy, 786–787, 1307– 1314, 1309t for travelers, 4, 1314–1316 safety (adverse effects/ contraindications) and, 1316–1318, 1316–1317t Immunocompromised host. See also HIV infection/AIDS; Immunodeficiency adenovirus infection in, 1401 aspergillosis in, 213, 1537 bronchiectasis in, 266 cancer-related infection and, 994, 1648 CMV infection in, 1280–1281, 1364, 1365, 1366 coccidial and microsporidial infection in, 1330, 1506–1508 cognitive disorders/delirium and, 1087t diarrhea in, 575, 578 erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection in, 1402, 1403 fever/FUO and, 36, 510, 1276, 1277 antimicrobial therapy and, 36, 510
CMDT 2013
1841
gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis in, 1443 herpes zoster/herpes zoster vaccination in, 5, 120, 1309t, 1314, 1360 herpetic stomatitis in, 227 histoplasmosis in, 1337, 1531, 1532 immunizations in, 4–5, 1309t, 1313t, 1314 influenza virus vaccine, 3, 4, 1309t, 1314 MMR vaccine, 4, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1369 pneumococcal vaccine, 1309t, 1314 infections in, 1278–1282. See also Opportunistic infections infectious esophagitis in, 598 mucormycosis in, 217, 1538 nocardiosis in, 1457 Pneumocystis infections in, 279, 1280, 1533–1535 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in, 1382, 1383 pulmonary infiltrates/pneumonia in, 279, 1533–1535 scabies in, 147, 147–148 squamous cell carcinoma in, 143 strongyloidiasis in, 1519 toxoplasmosis in, 993, 1327, 1335, 1337, 1338t, 1501, 1502 varicella/varicella vaccine and, 5, 120, 1309t, 1314, 1356, 1358, 1359, 1360 Immunodeficiency. See also Immunocompromised host acquired, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322. See also HIV infection/AIDS in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 521 common variable, 868–869 in Epstein-Barr virus infection, 1363 infections associated with, 1278–1282. See also Opportunistic infections primary, 868–869 selective IgA, 868 anaphylactic transfusion reactions and, 535, 868 Immunofixation electrophoresis in amyloidosis, 531 in myeloma, 528 Immunofluorescence assay in Lyme disease, 1479 in scrub typhus, 1411 Immunofluorescent staining technique in non-sexually transmitted treponematoses, 1474 in syphilis, 1466 Immunoglobulins. See also specific type under Ig and Antibodies in colostrum/breast milk, 786 reference values for, 1731t Immunologic disorders. See Allergies/ allergic reactions; Atopic disease; Autoimmune disorders; Immunodeficiency Immunomodulating therapy. See also Immunotherapy adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253
1842
CMDT 2013
Immunomodulating therapy (Cont.): for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 642, 644 with anti-TNF agents, 645 ulcerative colitis, 648 for myeloma, 529 for ophthalmic disorders, 170t thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t Immunopathologic (autoimmune) hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1243 Immunosuppressive therapy. See also Immunocompromised host; Immunomodulating therapy for aplastic anemia, 509 for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 fever/FUO and, 36, 1277 hyperkalemia caused by, 879–880 infections and, 994, 1279. See also Opportunistic infections Kaposi sarcoma complicating, 145 for multiple sclerosis, 1011 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 neurologic disorders associated with, 994 for pericarditis, 420 for polyarteritis nodosa, 848 for pure red cell aplasia, 500 skin cancer and, 143 for SLE, 834 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t after transplant immunization recommendations and, 1314 infections and, 1279, 1279–1280, 1314 kidney transplant and, 916 squamous cell carcinoma and, 143 stem cell transplantation and, 533 Immunotherapy. See also Immunomodulating therapy for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253 intravesical, for bladder cancer, 1639 for venomous stings, 149 in wart removal, 141 Impedance plethysmography/testing in esophageal disorders, 593, 594, 596–597 in venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, 300 Imperforate hymen, absent menses and, 1179 Impetiginization, in allergic contact dermatitis, 124 Impetigo, 123, 123f, 1303t, 1420 allergic contact dermatitis differentiated from, 123, 124 antibiotics for, 97t, 123, 1303t glomerulonephritis after, 922 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Impingement syndrome (subacromial), 1674–1675, 1678–1679t Implanon, 773 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator for cardiomyopathy, 405, 412, 415 for heart failure, 405 for long QT syndrome, 393 postinfarction, 376
index preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 for ventricular fibrillation/sudden death, 392 for ventricular tachycardia, 391 Impotence. See Erectile dysfunction/ impotence Impulse conduction, disturbances of. See Conduction disturbances Impulse control disorders aggressive/violent behavior and, 1078 in dementia, 1088 In vitro fertilization, 768, 769, 956 Inactivated enhanced-potency poliovaccine (IPV/Salk vaccine), 1373 pregnancy and, 786 for travelers, 1315 Inactive HBsAg carrier state, 674 Inactivity, physical lipid abnormalities and, 1248t preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 7t, 12–13 prevention of, 12–13 Incentive spirometry, prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 Incest, 1050 Incidentalomas (incidentally discovered thyroid nodules), 1121, 1123, 1124 Inclusion body encephalitis, measles and, 1368 Inclusion body myositis, 841, 1036 Inclusion conjunctivitis, 166 in newborn, 806 Inclusion cysts, epidermal (EIC), 152 furuncles differentiated from, 151 Inclusion disease, CMV, in newborn, 1364 Incompetent cervix, 788 cerclage/activity restriction for, 789 Incomplete abortion, 788, 789 Incontinence. See Fecal incontinence; Urinary incontinence Increased intracranial pressure. See Intracranial hypertension Incretins for diabetes mellitus, 1211–1213 for obesity, 1261 Indapamide, 445t Inderal. See Propranolol Indian tick typhus, 1409t Indigestion. See Dyspepsia Indinavir, 1341t, 1344, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with ritonavir, 1344 Indirect straight leg raise test, 1684t Indocin. See Indomethacin Indolent lymphoma, 525 Indometh. See Indomethacin Indomethacin, 77t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for gout, 814 lithium interactions and, 1074t in pain management, 77t for patent ductus arteriosus, 332 for preterm labor prevention, 796 “Induction-maintenance” strategy, for antiretroviral therapy, 1342
Industrial bronchitis, 311 Inevitable abortion, 788, 789 Infant. See Newborn Infant botulism, 1431 Infarcts. See specific type Infection/infectious diseases, 1276–1298. See also specific type or organ system affected in acute leukemia, 519–520 adrenal crisis caused by, 1154, 1155 adrenal hemorrhage and, 1155 arthritis and, 858–861 bacterial, 1419–1461 bite wounds and, 1288–1290 of bone, 861–864. See also Osteomyelitis burn injury and, 1551 in cancer patients, 1279, 1648. See also Opportunistic infections catheter-associated, 939, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1284–1285 chlamydial, 1301t, 1461–1462 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t diarrhea in, 574t, 575 in drug users, 1292–1293. See also Injection drug use, infections and dysphagia in, 592t esophagitis caused by, 598 fever/FUO and, 36, 1276, 1277 after frostbite, prevention of, 1546 gastritis caused by, 610 glomerulonephritis and, 919t, 921f, 922, 1419 headache and, 41 health care-associated, 1282–1285 helminthic, 1511–1528 immunization against, 3–5, 1307–1318, 1308–1313t, 1316–1317t. See also Immunizations in immunocompromised host, 1278– 1282. See also HIV infection/ AIDS; Opportunistic infections immunization recommendations and, 4–5, 1309t, 1313t, 1314 insulin requirements and, 1218 interstitial nephritis and, 907 mycotic, 1529–1542 of bones and joints, 862–863 superficial, 110–114, 110f, 111f, 113f. See also Tinea in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 in myeloma, 528 myocarditis and, 409–410, 409t neuropathies associated with, 1023–1024 neutropenia and, 120–121, 509–510, 1279, 1281, 1281–1282, 1302t opportunistic. See Opportunistic infections during pregnancy, 803–806 prevention of, 3–5. See also Immunizations in cancer patient/ immunocompromised host, 1280–1281, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t, 1648. See also HIV infection/ AIDS
index protozoal, 1484–1511 reactive arthritis and, 857 rickettsial, 1301t, 1408–1416 seizures and, 969 sexually transmitted, 1290–1292 shock associated with. See Sepsis/septic shock spirochetal, 1300t, 1464–1483 surgical site, 55 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 55–56 in diabetic patients, 54 thrombocytopenia and, 547 transfusion in transmission of, 535–536 travel and, 1296–1297 tubulointerstitial nephritis and, 932t vaccine-preventable, 3, 1367–1375 viral, 1350–1408 Infection control handwashing and, 1280, 1284 health care-associated infection prevention and, 1284 Infection (struvite) urinary stones, 946, 947, 949 Infectious diseases. See Infection Infectious mononucleosis. See Mononucleosis Infective endocarditis. See Endocarditis, infective Inferior vena cava filters/interruption, for pulmonary embolism, 303, 563 Infertility, 768, 954, 954f chronic kidney disease and, 914 female, 768–770, 954 endometriosis and, 760 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 766, 768 hyperprolactinemia and, 768, 769, 955, 1102, 1103, 1104 in hypopituitarism, 1094, 1097. See also Hypogonadism male, 768, 769, 953–956, 954f, 1097 cryptorchism and, 1177 in cystic fibrosis, 267, 955 hormone treatment in, 955, 1097 hypogonadism and, 954, 955, 1094, 1175 in Klinefelter syndrome, 955, 1174, 1669, 1670 marijuana use and, 1085 radiation exposure causing, 1554 Inflammasomes, NALP-3, in gout, 812 Inflammation. See also specific type and structure/systems affected anemia of, 493 coronary heart disease and, 350–351 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1333 Inflammatory adenoma of liver, 702 Inflammatory aneurysm, 472, 473 Inflammatory bowel disease, 638–650. See also Crohn disease; Ulcerative colitis acne treatment and, 127–128 arthritis and, 641, 858 colorectal cancer and, 643, 1623 diarrhea in, 574t, 578, 579f, 641, 643, 646 drug therapy for, 638–641 GI bleeding and, 584
hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis and, 949 primary sclerosing cholangitis and, 709, 710 social support for patient with, 641 Inflammatory breast carcinoma, 721, 730. See also Breast cancer Inflammatory eye disease, 165t, 177–178. See also Conjunctivitis; Uveitis Inflammatory myopathy, 1036 idiopathic, 840–842, 840f Inflammatory pericarditis, acute, 419–420. See also specific cause and Pericarditis Inflammatory polyneuropathy, chronic, 1025–1026 Inflammatory skin nodules, 150–152. See also specific type Infliximab. See also Anti-TNF agents for inflammatory bowel disease, 640 Crohn disease, 644–645 ulcerative colitis, 648, 649 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by, 1383 for psoriasis, 108 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 Influenza cough in, 22, 23, 1395 drug resistance and, 1396, 1399 H1N1/2009 pandemic H1N1/“A(H1N1)pdm09”/ swine-origin), 23, 214, 1395, 1396, 1399–1400 drug resistance and, 1396, 1399 prevention of, 1400. See also H1N1 influenza vaccine H5N1 (avian), 1395, 1396, 1397–1398 neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir/ zanamivir) for, 23, 1354t, 1395, 1396, 1398, 1399 prophylactic, 1397 resistance to, 1396, 1399 pneumonia and, 271, 1395, 1396 prevention of, 3, 1396–1397. See also Influenza virus vaccine seasonal, 1394–1397 Influenza A/California/04/2009. See “A(H1N1)pdm09” (swineorigin) influenza Influenza virus vaccine, 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1396–1397 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1316t in asthma patients, 253 avian (H5N1) influenza and, 1398 in COPD, 261 for cystic fibrosis patients, 268 H1N1 influenza and, 1396, 1400 in asthma patients, 253, 1400 high-dose, 3, 1396 HIV screening tests affected by, 1323 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 3, 4, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pneumonia prevention and, 274 pregnancy and, 3, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1396, 1400 seasonal influenza, 3, 1396–1397 Infraspinatus tendon, evaluation of, 1680
CMDT 2013
1843
Infratentorial arteriovenous malformations, 987 Infundibular stenosis, 325–326 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331, 332 Infusion pumps for enteral nutritional support, 1273 insulin. See Insulin infusion pumps Ingrown hairs, pseudofolliculitis caused by, 129 Ingrown nails, 157–158 INH. See Isoniazid Inhalation injury/smoke inhalation, 307, 1550 burn survival and, 1550 corrosive acids and, 1571 cyanide poisoning and, 1577 Inhalational anthrax, 1431, 1432, 1433 Inhaled insulin, 1217 Inhalers for asthma therapy, 250, 254t, 255, 256, 257f for COPD therapy, 262, 264 Inhibin A, prenatal screening for, 783 Inhibitor tolerance induction, in hemophilia management, 551 Injection drug use. See also Substance use disorders febrile patient and, 1292–1293 infections and, 1292–1293 clostridial infection/wound botulism and, 1428, 1431, 1586 endocarditis, 1292, 1302t, 1435 hepatitis, 667, 670, 672, 1292 HIV infection/AIDS, 1292, 1321 prevention/postexposure prophylaxis and, 1333, 1335, 1336 osteomyelitis, 861–862, 1292 skin infections, 1292 Injury. See Trauma INK4A gene, pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 Inkspot lentigines, 101 Inner ear, 206–212 Inner ear antigens, autoimmune audiovestibular dysfunction and, 208 Innocent murmurs. See Heart murmurs Inocybe (muscarine) mushroom poisoning, 1586t Inotropic agents. See also Digitalis/ digitalis glycosides for heart failure, 405 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373–374 for shock, 487 Insect bites/stings. See also specific type of insect anaphylaxis caused by, 866 scorpion stings, 1590 spider bites, 149, 1590 urticaria caused by, 133 Insecticide poisoning (cholinesterase inhibitors), 1566t, 1587 Insemination, artificial, 769 Insomnia, 1075–1077 in dementia, 1009 drug therapy for, 1042t, 1043, 1076–1077
1844
CMDT 2013
Insomnia (Cont.): fatal familial, 1381, 1382 in older patients, 1075, 1076 psychological strategies for, 1076 Inspra. See Eplerenone Instability. See also Falls; Gait/gait disorders; Genetic instability knee, 1693, 1694–1696t, 1698, 1701 shoulder, 1679–1680t, 1681–1682 Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), assessment of ability to perform, 58, 59, 1006 Insulin. See also Insulin therapy adipokines affecting action of in obesity, 1194 antibodies to in autoimmune/immunopathologic hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1243 in factitious hypoglycemia, 1243 in immune insulin resistance, 1222 insulin therapy causing, 1222–1223 in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t B cell tumors/insulinomas secreting, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t B cells secreting, 1171 blood levels of chronic kidney disease and, 914 in insulinoma diagnosis, 1239, 1239t prebreakfast hyperglycemia and, 1219, 1219–1220, 1219t drugs affecting secretion of, 1205–1208, 1206t factitious hypoglycemia caused by administration of, 1239, 1243 immunoreactive, reference values for, 1731t insensitivity to. See Insulin resistance/ insulin insensitivity mutant, in diabetes mellitus, 1195 oral, diabetes prevention/delay and, 1201 receptors for. See Insulin receptors resistance to. See Insulin resistance/ insulin insensitivity Insulin aspart, 1213, 1213t, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215. See also Insulin therapy in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216 in pregnancy, 1230 Insulin detemir, 1213, 1213t, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1216, 1219, 1219t, 1221. See also Insulin therapy Insulin gene, in diabetes mellitus, 1193 Insulin glargine, 1213, 1213t, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215–1216, 1219, 1219t, 1221. See also Insulin therapy in pregnancy, 1230 Insulin glulisine, 1213, 1213t, 1214t, 1215. See also Insulin therapy Insulin hypoglycemia test, in GH deficiency, 1095 Insulin infusion pumps, 1216–1217, 1219 clinical studies of complications and, 1201 continuous glucose monitoring and, 1200, 1217
index ketoacidosis and, 1217, 1232 during pregnancy, 801, 1230 rapidly acting analogs used in, 1215, 1219 surgery and, 1229, 1229t Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency of, 1094 in GH deficiency/rhGH therapy, 1095, 1097 in GH excess, 1100 reference values for, 1731t Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia and, 1241 Insulin lispro, 1213, 1213t, 1214t, 1215, 1218. See also Insulin therapy in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216 in pregnancy, 1230 Insulin pens, 1216 Insulin receptors antibodies to, hypoglycemia caused by, 1243 mutant, diabetes caused by, 1195, 1195f Insulin resistance/insulin insensitivity. See also Insulin resistance syndrome acanthosis nigricans and, 1195, 1195f, 1196, 1197 acne and, 126 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703 in Cushing syndrome, 1159 in diabetes, 1193t, 1194, 1196, 1196t diabetic ketoacidosis and, 1231, 1235 hepatitis C and, 671 hyperglycemia and, 1194, 1196, 1196t immune, 1222 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 during pregnancy, 800 Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome/syndrome X), 13–14, 350, 1196 acne and, 126 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703 coronary heart disease/angina and, 350, 351, 360 diabetes and, 1196 dyslipidemia in, 1196, 1200–1201 fatty liver and, 684 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 hypertension and, 436, 1196 hypophosphatemia and, 885 obesity and, 13, 350, 1259 psoriasis and, 108 Insulin syringes and needles, 1216 Insulin therapy, 1213–1217, 1213t, 1214f, 1214t, 1218–1220, 1219t administration methods/regimens for, 1216–1217 allergy to, 1222 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t anti-insulin antibodies and, 1222–1223 for b-blocker overdose/toxicity, 1575 bioavailability of preparations and, 1213t for calcium channel blocker overdose/ toxicity, 1563, 1576 complications of, 1221–1223 concentrations of insulin and, 1213–1214
continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSII), 1217, 1219. See also Insulin infusion pumps for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1215, 1233–1234 transition to subcutaneous regimen and, 1235 exercise affecting, 12, 1218 factitious hypoglycemia and, 1239, 1243 for hospitalized patient, 1228–1230, 1229t for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 for hyperkalemia, 880, 881t hypoglycemia and, 1201, 1221–1222, 1230, 1580 immunopathology of, 1222–1223 inhalation for administration of, 1217 injection sites for, 1216, 1223 intensive, 1218–1220, 1219t acceptable levels of glycemic control and, 1221 clinical studies of, 1201–1202, 1202– 1204 diabetic nephropathy development/ progression and, 1201, 1224 diabetic retinopathy development/ progression and, 1201, 1203 hypoglycemia and, 1201, 1221–1222, 1230, 1580 during pregnancy, 801, 1230 self-monitoring of blood glucose and, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 surgery and, 1229, 1229t in type 2 diabetics, 1202, 1221 intraoperative requirements/ administration of, 54, 1215, 1229, 1229t lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy/ lipohypertrophy and, 1222–1223 MAOI interactions and, 1071t mixtures/combination therapy and, 1214t, 1216 with oral antidiabetic agents, for type 2 diabetes, 1221 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 patient education/self-management and, 1218 during pregnancy, 801, 1230 preparation types available, 1214–1216 in prevention/delay of diabetes, 1201 purified insulin and, 1213 self-monitoring of blood glucose and, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 species of insulin and, 1213 surgery and, 54, 1215, 1229, 1229t thiazolidinediones with, 1209 for type 1 diabetics, 1213–1217, 1213t, 1214f, 1214t, 1218–1220, 1219t for type 2 diabetics, 1202, 1221 Insulinomas, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t, 1612t. See also Islet cell tumors localization of, 1172, 1240–1241 in MEN, 1172, 1189, 1239, 1241
index INTACS (intrastromal corneal ring segments), 163 Intal. See Cromolyn Integrase inhibitors, for HIV infection/ AIDS, 1342t, 1348f resistance to, 1349 Integrilin. See Eptifibatide Intelence. See Etravirine Intensive care unit, patient in. See Critical illness Intensive care unit psychosis, 1090 Intercostal neuritis, 355 Intercourse, sexual. See Sexual intercourse Interdigital (toe web) tinea pedis, 112, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 Interferon-a/interferon alfa, 1353t. See also Peginterferon for cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for essential thrombosis, 514 for Kaposi sarcoma, 1332, 1339t, 1622 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 thyroid dysfunction caused by, 1106, 1110, 1111 toxicity of, 1353t ophthalmic effects and, 196t Interferon-b for multiple sclerosis, 1011 thyroid dysfunction caused by, 1106, 1111 Interferon-g assays for spinal, 863 in tuberculosis, 282, 282–283, 286, 315, 1334 in fever, 35 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), in fever, 35 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 thyroid dysfunction caused by, 1106, 1111 Interleukin-2 receptor a gene, in multiple sclerosis, 1010 Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Addison disease, 1156 in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism, 1114 in fever, 35 Interleukin-7 receptor a gene, in multiple sclerosis, 1010 Interleukin-8 (IL-8), in familial Mediterranean fever, 591 Interleukin-11 (neumega/IL-11), recombinant (oprelvekin), for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, 1649, 1659t Interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) monoclonal antibodies, for psoriasis, 108 Intermediate-acting insulin, 1214f, 1214t. See also Insulin therapy; NPH insulin mixed insulin preparations and, 1214t, 1216 Intermediate uveitis (pars planitis), 178. See also Uveitis Intermittent claudication. See Claudication Intermittent mandatory ventilation, synchronized (SIMV), for respiratory failure, 321
Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB), prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 Internal hordeolum, 163 Internal rotation, assessment of in hip, 1690 in shoulder, 1677t rotator cuff strength and, 1678f Interosseous nerve, anterior, lesion of, 1026 Interpersonal relationships in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 social issues for terminally ill/dying patient and, 91–92, 92t Interstitial cystitis, 45, 945–946 pelvic pain and, 1715, 1716 Interstitial lung disease, 292–297, 292t, 294t. See also specific disorder acute pneumonia (AIP), 294t cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/ pneumonitis (COP/ bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia/ BOOP), 269, 294t, 295 desquamative pneumonia (DIP), 269, 294t drug-related, 292t, 312t eosinophilic, 296–297 idiopathic pneumonias, 293–295, 294t methotrexate causing, 829 nonspecific pneumonia (NSIP), 294t, 295 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326–1327 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 296 respiratory bronchiolitis-associated (RB-ILD), 269, 294t, 295 respiratory failure caused by, 320t in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 sarcoidosis, 295–296 usual pneumonia (UIP), 293, 294t, 295 Interstitial nephritis, 902t in SLE, 833 urinalysis in, 898, 902t, 907 Intertriginous area miliaria affecting, 130–131 seborrhea of, 109 Intertrigo, 117 tinea differentiated from, 112 Interventricular septum hypertrophy of, in cardiomyopathy, 414, 416 rupture of, in myocardial infarction, 374 Intervertebral disk disorders. See Cervical spine/disk disease; Lumbar spine/disk disease; Sacral spine/disk disease; Thoracic spine/disk disease Interview (medical), 1 Intestinal adenocarcinoma, 1620 Intestinal amebiasis, 574t, 575, 576, 578, 1293, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1503, 1503–1504, 1504, 1504f, 1505t Intestinal angina (visceral artery insufficiency), 470–471 Intestinal bacterial overgrowth. See Bacterial overgrowth Intestinal carcinoids, 1620–1621
CMDT 2013
1845
Intestinal disorders. See Gastrointestinal system, disorders of Intestinal flagellate infections, 1510. See also specific type Intestinal flukes, 1513–1514 Intestinal ischemia, 470–471 GI bleeding and, 584 Intestinal lymphoma, 1620 Intestinal motility disorders. See Motility disorders Intestinal nematode (roundworm) infections, 578, 1517–1520 Intestinal obstruction. See also Motility disorders in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628–629 chemotherapy-induced neuropathy causing, 1661 in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, 629–630 in Crohn disease, 641, 642 gallstones causing, 703 in gastroparesis, 629–630 tumors causing colorectal cancer, 1623 gastric carcinoma, 1616, 1617 small intestinal carcinoids, 1621 vomiting and, 567t, 568 Intestinal sarcoma, 1622 Intestinal transplantation, for short bowel syndrome, 626 Intestinal tuberculosis, 631 Intestinal-type gastric cancer, 1615–1616 Intimate partner (domestic) violence, 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 Intoxication. See also specific substance causing acute alcohol, 1080, 1579–1580 metabolic acidosis/osmolar gap and, 877, 1081, 1569, 1569t cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t pathologic, 1078 Intra-arterial embolization. See Embolization Intracerebral hemorrhage, 980t, 983–984. See also Stroke arteriovenous malformations causing, 987 in coarctation of aorta, 326, 327 head injury causing, 1017t headache in, 41, 42, 962, 966, 983 hypertension and, 434, 461t thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction and, 368 thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism and, 303 Intracoronary stents, 357–358, 367–368. See also Percutaneous coronary intervention subsequent perioperative risks/ management and, 48–49 Intracranial abscess. See Brain abscess Intracranial aneurysm, 980t, 986. See also Stroke arteriovenous malformations and, 985, 987 in polycystic kidney disease, 935, 986 subarachnoid hemorrhage and, 984, 985, 986
1846
CMDT 2013
Intracranial bleeding. See Intracerebral hemorrhage; Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intracranial hypertension in arteriovenous malformations, 987, 988 benign (pseudotumor cerebri), 995–996 headache and, 966, 995 brain abscess/infection causing, 994 cerebral injury and, 1016 ECT contraindicated in, 1071 headache and, 41, 42 idiopathic, 995 in liver failure, 673 in meningitis, 1288 optic disk swelling and (papilledema), 189, 189f, 995 headache and, 42 in stroke, 982, 984, 985 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 tumors causing, 989, 991. See also Intracranial masses/tumors vomiting caused by, 567t Intracranial masses/tumors, 989–993, 990t, 1611t abscess causing, 993–994, 1287, 1288. See also Brain abscess coma or stupor caused by, 1014, 1014–1015 false localizing signs and, 991 headache caused by, 41, 962, 966 cough headache and, 966 in HIV infection/AIDS, 992–993, 1327 metastatic, 992 nonmetastatic neurologic complications and, 994–995, 1024 ocular motor palsies and, 190 primary, 989–992, 990t seizures caused by, 969, 989 vocal fold paralysis caused by, 238 Intracranial venous thrombosis, 988. See also Stroke Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 768, 769, 956 Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (Bowen disease), 117 Intrahepatic cholestasis, 662, 663t of pregnancy, 663t, 807 Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts IntraLASIK (femtosecond laser assisted LASIK), 162 Intralesional triamcinolone, for acne, 128 Intralipid. See Intravenous fat Intraocular foreign body, 192 Intraocular hypertension. See Ocular hypertension Intraocular inflammation, 165t, 177–178. See also Uveitis Intraocular lenses after cataract removal, 179 for refractive errors, 163 Intraocular pressure elevated. See Elevated intraocular pressure normal, 176
index Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for malignant ascites/peritoneal carcinomatosis, 590 for mesothelioma, 591 Intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS), 163 Intrathecal pumps, for pain medications, 75 Intrauterine devices (IUDs), 773–774, 774t dysmenorrhea and, 750, 774 for emergency/postcoital contraception, 774, 776 levonorgestrel-releasing, 773–774 for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748, 774 for dysmenorrhea, 750, 774 for endometriosis, 761 for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 pelvic infection/PID and, 763, 774 progestin-releasing, 1185 Intrauterine insemination, 956 Intravascular abscesses (septic superficial thrombophlebitis), 480. See also Septic thrombophlebitis Intravascular heat exchange systems, for heat stroke, 1548 Intravascular ultrasound, in angina, 354– 355 Intravenous catheters. See Catheters/ intravenous lines Intravenous drug use. See Injection drug use Intravenous fat for calcium channel blocker overdose, 1576 for hypotension in poisoning/overdose, 1563–1564 in nutritional support, 1272, 1274 Intravenous fluids. See Fluid management/hydration Intravenous gamma globulin. See Intravenous immune globulin Intravenous immune globulin for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506–507 for cold agglutinin disease, 507 for common variable immunodeficiency, 869 for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 for immune thrombocytopenia, 541, 541f, 542 for multiple sclerosis, 1011 for pemphigus, 139 for posttransfusion purpura, 546 for pure red cell aplasia, 500 for toxic epidermal necrolysis, 135 Intravenous lines. See Catheters/ intravenous lines Intraventricular conduction defects, 395–396 Intraventricular cysts, in cysticercosis (neurocysticercosis), 1515 Intravesical chemotherapy, for bladder cancer, 1639 Intrinsic acute kidney injury, 902t, 903. See also specific cause Intrinsic factor, in pernicious anemia/ gastritis, 497, 610 Intron A. See Interferon-a/interferon alfa
Intubation. See also Airway management; Mechanical ventilation in ARDS, 323 in asthma, 259 for burn injuries, 1550 in comatose patient, 1563 conversion to tracheotomy and, 238 in epiglottitis, 235 for near drowning, 1556 pneumonia (ventilator-associated) and, 275–278, 277t for respiratory failure, 320, 321 for smoke inhalation, 307 Intussusception, adenoviruses causing, 1402 Invalidism. See Sick role Invasive fibrous/invasive (Riedel) thyroiditis, 1120, 1121, 1122 Invasive fungal sinusitis, 217–218 Invasive mole, 791. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease Invasive nematode (roundworm) infections, 1520–1524 Invega. See Paliperidone Inverse pityriasis rosea, 108 Inverse psoriasis, tinea differentiated from, 112 Inversion ankle sprains, 1703–1704, 1703t, 1704t Inverted papilloma, 222 Invirase. See Saquinavir Iodinated contrast agents, for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1115 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1117, 1122 Iodine in amiodarone-induced thyroid disease hyperthyroidism, 1112 hypothyroidism, 1106 deficiency of, 1134–1135 goiter and, 1112, 1123, 1126, 1134–1135 thyroid nodules caused by, 1112, 1123, 1125 dietary/supplementary in goiter prevention/treatment, 1135 Graves disease triggered by, 1110 restriction for thyroid nodules/ cancer/goiter, 1125, 1126 Jod-Basedow disease/phenomenon and, 1110, 1111 radioactive. See Radioactive iodine; Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake Iodine-131 tositumomab, 1654t for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 Iodized salt, goiter prevention/treatment and, 1135 123 meta-Iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scanning, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1169, 1170, 1171 131 meta-Iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1171 Iodochlorhydroxyquin, adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t
index Iodoquinol, for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t Ionizing radiation, 1554. See also under Radiation from medical imaging, 1554, 1555 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 Iontophoresis sweat test, in cystic fibrosis, 267–268 Iopanoic acid, for hyperthyroidism/ Graves disease, 1115 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1117, 1122 Iopidine. See Apraclonidine Ipecac, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1566 Ipilimumab, 1654t iPledge, 127 Ipodate sodium, for hyperthyroidism/ Graves disease, 1115 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1117, 1122 thyroid crisis/storm and, 1118 IPPB. See Intermittent positive-pressure breathing Ipratropium for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 254t, 255 with albuterol, 254t for COPD, 262, 264 IPV. See Intimate partner (domestic) violence IPV (inactivated poliovaccine/Salk vaccine), 1373 pregnancy and, 786 for travelers, 1315 Iquix. See Levofloxacin Irbesartan/irbesartan with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t Iressa. See Gefitinib IRF5-TNPO3 gene, in biliary cirrhosis, 693 Iridodialysis, 192 Iridoplasty/iridotomy/iridectomy, for angle-closure glaucoma, 175, 177 Irinotecan, 1653t for colorectal cancer, 1625 IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes), 187, 1333 corticosteroids in management of, 1339 in cryptococcosis, 1536 Kaposi sarcoma flare and, 1331, 1332 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and, 1383 Iris nodules, in uveitis, 178 Iritis, 165t Iron accumulation of in hemochromatosis, 695 in sideroblastic anemia, 497 deficiency of/iron deficiency anemia, 490, 490–493, 491t anemia of inflammation and, 493 celiac disease and, 622 in chronic kidney disease, 913 in colorectal cancer, 1623 esophageal webs and (PlummerVinson syndrome), 491, 600 GI bleeding and, 491, 586–587
in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, 307 in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 491, 502 in polycythemia, 512 during pregnancy, 491, 798 thrombocytopenia and, 540 dietary, 490 nutritional support requirements and, 1272 overdose/toxicity of, 1566t, 1569t, 1580–1581. See also Hemosiderosis serum levels of in anemia of chronic disease, 492, 493 in iron deficiency anemia, 492 in overdose, 1581 reference values for, 1731t in sideroblastic anemia, 497 supplementary in chronic kidney disease, 913 for iron deficiency anemia, 492 for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 in pregnancy, 491, 783, 785, 798 total body, 492 Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC), 492, 1731t in anemia of chronic disease, 492 Iron deficiency anemia. See Iron, deficiency of Iron overload. See Hemochromatosis; Hemosiderosis Irritable bowel syndrome, 578, 632–636 alarm symptoms in, 633 diarrhea in, 578, 579f, 633, 634, 635 pelvic pain and, 1715 psychological therapies for, 636 Irritant contact dermatitis, 124, 125 Irritative voiding symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956, 957t in bladder cancer, 1639 in cystitis, 43, 939 in epididymitis, 944 in interstitial cystitis, 945 in prostatitis, 942, 943 in pyelonephritis, 941 in urinary stone disease, 947 IS. See Incentive spirometry Ischemia acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis caused by, 902, 904 brainstem, seizures differentiated from, 971 digital in Raynaud phenomenon, 836 in scleroderma, 838 intestinal, 470–471 GI bleeding and, 584 mesenteric, 470–471 myocardial. See Angina, pectoris; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial ischemia peripheral artery aneurysms causing, 476 visceral, 470–471 Ischemia testing, noninvasive, preoperative, 46–47, 47t, 48f
CMDT 2013
1847
Ischemic cardiomyopathy, 398 Ischemic chest pain, 28, 28t, 29. See also Angina Ischemic colitis, 470–471, 471, 584 Ischemic heart disease. See Angina, pectoris; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial ischemia Ischemic hepatitis/hepatopathy, 699 Ischemic optic neuropathy, 187–188 in giant cell arteritis, 188, 845–846 Ischemic rest pain. See Rest pain Isentress. See Raltegravir Islet cell antibodies, in diabetes mellitus, 1193 Islet cell tumors, 1171–1173 hypoglycemia caused by, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t in MEN, 1171, 1172, 1189, 1239, 1241 Islet cells, pancreatic. See also B cells hyperplasia of (noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome), 1238, 1241, 1242 transplantation of, for diabetes, 1217 Ismelin. See Guanethidine Isoagglutinins compatibility testing and, 534 hemolytic transfusion reactions and, 534 Isocarboxazid, overdose/toxicity of, 1585 Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 1093, 1173. See also Hypogonadism congenital, 1093 Isomalt, 1205 Isoniazid, 284t, 289t benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t overdose/toxicity of, 284t, 1566t, 1581 ophthalmic effects and, 197t pyridoxine (vitamin B6) for, 285, 285–286, 286, 805, 1566t, 1581 seizures and, 1565t, 1581 for tuberculosis, 284–285, 284t, 289t in latent disease/prophylactic, 286, 287, 1334, 1337 in pregnancy, 285–286, 287, 805 resistance and, 280, 281t, 285 Isoniazid/rifampin, for tuberculosis, 285 Isoniazid/rifampin/pyrazinamide, for tuberculosis, 285 Isophane (NPH) insulin. See Insulin therapy; NPH insulin Isopropanol, overdose/toxicity of, osmolar gap in, 891, 1569, 1569t Isoptin. See Verapamil Isosorbide. See also Nitrates for angina, 355 for heart failure, 404 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 for pulmonary edema, 408 Isospora belli (isosporiasis), 1293, 1330, 1506–1508 Isosthenuria in chronic kidney disease, 910 in sickle cell disease, 936 Isotonic hyponatremia, 871–872, 871f
1848
CMDT 2013
Isotretinoin for acne, 127–128 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t breastfeeding and, 782t for lupus, 115 for rosacea, 129 teratogenicity of, 115, 127 Isradipine, 454t for angina, 356 for hypertension, 453, 454t overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 1576 Istodax. See Romidepsin Itch-scratch cycle. See also Pruritus in lichen simplex chronicus, 105 Itch-X-Gel. See Pramoxine Itching. See Pruritus Itchy red bump syndrome (eosinophilic folliculitis), 129, 130, 1322 Itopride, for functional dyspepsia, 566 ITP. See Immune thrombocytopenia Itraconazole, 110, 1541t for aspergillosis, 1538 for blastomycosis, 1539 for candidiasis, 132, 598, 1530 for chromoblastomycosis, 1540 for coccidioidomycosis, 1337, 1533 for histoplasmosis, 1337, 1532 for maduromycosis, 1540 for onychomycosis, 158 for P marneffei infection, 1540 for paracoccidioidomycosis, 1539 for sporotrichosis, 1539 for tinea infection, 112, 113 IUDs. See Intrauterine devices Ivacaftor, for cystic fibrosis, 268 IVC filters. See Inferior vena cava filters/ interruption Ivermectin for cutaneous larva migrans, 1523 for filariasis, 1525, 1525–1526 for gnathostomiasis, 1523 for loiasis, 1528 for onchocerciasis, 1527 for scabies, 147–148 for strongyloidiasis, 1519 for trichuriasis, 1518 IVF. See In vitro fertilization IVIG. See Intravenous immune globulin IVUS. See Intravascular ultrasound Ixabepilone, 1652t Ixempra. See Ixabepilone Ixodes ticks. See Ticks J stents, ureteral, after shock wave lithotripsy, 950 J wave, in hypothermia, 1544, 1544f JAK2/JAK2 mutation, 1732t in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 in polycythemia, 511, 512, 513 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 JAK2 inhibitors, for primary myelofibrosis, 515 Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, 1009, 1381–1382 myoclonus in, 1004 parkinsonism and, 998 Jamais vu in focal seizures, 969 intracranial tumors causing, 990
index Janeway lesions, in endocarditis, 1435 Janumet. See Sitagliptin, with metformin Januvia. See Sitagliptin Japanese B encephalitis, 1378–1380 immunization against, 1315, 1380 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in leptospirosis, 1478 in relapsing fever, 1476 in syphilis, 1467 Jaundice (icterus), 662–665, 663t, 664t in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 biliary stricture causing, 708 in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in cholecystitis, 704 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 703t, 707 cholestatic, 662, 663t antipsychotic drugs causing, 1059 in cirrhosis, 686 in hepatitis, 666, 666f, 668, 668f, 671f in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 663t in leptospirosis, 1477 liver failure and, 673 obstructive, 662–663, 663t choledocholithiasis/cholangitis causing, 707 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 travel and, 1297 Jaw osteonecrosis of, bisphosphonate use and, 11, 738, 865, 1147 tumors of, hyperparathyroidism and, 1139 Jaw claudication, in giant cell arteritis, 846 Jaw pain, in acute coronary syndromes/ angina, 968 JC virus (John Cunningham virus/JCV), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by, 1382, 1383 natalizumab and, 640, 1011, 1383 Jejunostomies, 1271 Jentadueto. See Linagliptin, with metformin Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome, 393 Jevtana. See Cabazitaxel Jo-1 antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 833t, 841 Jock itch, 111–112 Jod-Basedow disease/phenomenon (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism), 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114. See also Graves disease; Hyperthyroidism John Cunningham virus. See JC virus Joint fluid examination. See Synovial fluid examination Joints bleeding into, in hemophilia, 550 Charcot. See Charcot joint coccidioidomycosis involving, 863, 1532 in decompression sickness, 1557 disorders/inflammation of in Chikungunya fever, 1392, 1393
degenerative, 809–812, 811f. See also Arthritis; Osteoarthritis in alkaptonuria, 1665 diagnosis and evaluation of, 809, 810t, 811t in HIV infection/AIDS, 861 palindromic, 865 pattern of, 809, 810t in rheumatoid arthritis, 826–827, 826f histoplasmosis involving, 863 mycotic infections of, 862–863 replacement of, 812, 1690, 1691–1692, 1702 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t osteomyelitis and, 862 in sarcoidosis, 864 tuberculosis of, 285, 864 Jones criteria, for rheumatic fever, 417–418 Joule burn, 1552 Jugular venous pulsations in cardiomyopathy, 411, 414 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in heart failure, 399, 400 in myocardial infarction, 366 in pericardial effusion/tamponade, 421 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in tricuspid regurgitation, 347 in tricuspid stenosis, 346 “Jump rope septum,” 328 Junctional nevi, 100 Junctional rhythm, atrioventricular, 390 Junctophilin-3 gene, in Huntington disease-like disorders, 1002 Junin virus, 1384, 1385 JUPITER trial, 10 Juvederm. See Hyaluronic acid fillers Juvenile angiofibroma, 222 Juvenile polyposis, familial, 655 Juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, 1020 JVP. See Jugular venous pulsations K+. See Potassium K103N mutation, antiretroviral drug resistance and, 1345 K-ras/KRAS gene/mutations colorectal cancer and, 653, 1622, 1625 gallbladder cancer and, 1606 lung cancer and, 1600 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607, 1609 Kadian. See Morphine Kal 1-6 genes, in Kallmann syndrome, 1094 Kala azar. See Visceral leishmaniasis Kaletra. See Lopinavir/r Kallmann syndrome, 1094, 1173, 1179, 1180 Kaolin pneumoconiosis, 309t Kaposi sarcoma, 145, 1322, 1323, 1331–1332, 1339t, 1612t chemotherapy for, 145, 1332, 1339t, 1612t cutaneous, 1331, 1339t ear involvement in, 213 in HIV infection/AIDS, 145, 213, 1322, 1323, 1331–1332, 1339t, 1622
index intestinal/visceral, 145, 1331, 1339t, 1622 oral, 1329, 1331 pulmonary, 145, 1326, 1331, 1339t virus causing, 145, 1322, 1350, 1367, 1622 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (human herpesvirus 8), 145, 1322, 1350, 1367, 1622 Kappa amyloid, 531 Kappa free light chains, reference values for, 1732t Karyotyping in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669 in male infertility, 955 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187 Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, 701 Katayama syndrome, 1511 Kattan nomogram, for prostate cancer assessment, 1637 Kava, toxicity of, 1578t Kawasaki disease, 428, 1357t, 1417–1418 Kayexalate. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Kayser-Fleischer ring, in Wilson disease, 696, 697f KCNE3 gene, in periodic paralysis, 1036 KCNJ2 gene, in periodic paralysis, 1036 KCNJ11 gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 Kearns-Sayre syndrome, hypoparathyroidism in, 1136 Kefir, for flatus, 573 Keflex. See Cephalexin Kegel (pelvic muscle) exercises for fecal incontinence, 659, 660 for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 for urinary incontinence, 68, 69 Kemadrin. See Procyclidine Kennedy syndrome, 1020 Kenny-Caffey syndrome, 1136 Kent bundles, in preexcitation syndromes, 383 Kenya tick typhus, 1409t Kepivance. See Palifermin Keratectomy, photorefractive (PRK), 162 Keratic precipitates, 178 Keratin 5/6, in mesothelioma, 1602 Keratitis, 165t, 167–174 acanthamoeba, 174, 1506 adenovirus, 1402 bacterial, 172 chemical, 194 contact lens wear and, 162, 172, 173, 174, 1506 exposure, 167 fungal, 173–174 herpes simplex, 173, 1351, 1352, 1352–1355 herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 173 neurotrophic, 167 ultraviolet (actinic), 194 Keratoconjunctivitis. See also Conjunctivitis adenovirus, 164–165, 1402 atopic, 167 chlamydial, 165–166 epidemic adenovirus, 165, 1402 coxsackievirus, 1406 herpes simplex, 165, 1351 sicca (dry eye), 166
in Sjögren syndrome, 843 vernal, 167 Keratoderma blennorrhagicum, in reactive arthritis, 857, 857f Keratolytic agents, for wart removal, 140 Keratomalacia, in vitamin A deficiency, 1266 Keratomileusis laser assisted in situ (LASIK), 162 laser epithelial (LASEK), 162 Keratopathy, band, in hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 1139 Keratoplasty, conductive, 163 Keratoses actinic, 117 squamous cell carcinoma arising from, 117, 143 seborrheic, 101–102, 101f Kerlone. See Betaxolol Kernig sign, 41, 1441 Ketamine, in pain management, 85 Ketoacidemia, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1233 Ketoacidosis alcoholic, 891, 893 diabetic, 891, 1197, 1231–1235, 1232t. See also Diabetic ketoacidosis Ketoconazole, 97t, 110, 1542t for ACTH-secreting adrenal tumor/ adrenocortical carcinoma, 1160 in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for candidiasis, 226 for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t for tinea versicolor, 114 topical, 97t Ketonemia in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232, 1233 at end of life, 90 Ketones/ketone bodies serum, reference values for, 1732t in urine. See Ketonuria Ketonuria in diabetes mellitus, 1198, 1218 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1232, 1235 Ketoprofen, 77t Ketorolac, 78t for ophthalmic disorders, 167, 169t Ketosis, in diabetes mellitus, 1192. See also Diabetic ketoacidosis 17-Ketosteroid reductase deficiency, in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 1175 Ketotifen, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Ki-67 stain, breast cancer division rate and, 733–734 Kidney. See also under Renal and Kidney disease/injury abnormal development of, hypertension and, 436 acute injury of (acute renal failure), 898, 901–908, 902t. See also Acute kidney injury; Renal failure biopsy of. See Renal biopsy calculus formation in. See Nephrolithiasis; Urinary stone disease cancer of, 1611t, 1640–1642
CMDT 2013
1849
incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1640–1641 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t, 1641 chronic disease of, 898, 908–918, 909t, 910f, 910t, 911f, 912f. See also Chronic kidney disease cystic diseases of. See Renal cysts disorders of, 898–937. See also Kidney disease/injury in gout, 812, 813, 816, 936–937 medullary cystic, 934t medullary sponge, 934t, 935–936 metastatic disease of, 1642 methotrexate eliminated by, 1661, 1662 in myeloma, 527, 528, 936 NSAIDs affecting, 829 in phosphate regulation, 884 polycystic, 934–935, 934t intracranial aneurysms and, 935, 986 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t in SLE, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 systemic fibrosis and, 937 toxic drug effects on. See Nephrotoxicity transplantation of. See Kidney transplantation tumors of, 1612t Kidney disease/injury, 898–937. See also under Renal and Nephritis; Nephropathy; Nephrotoxicity ACE inhibitor use and, 442t, 449 acid-base disorders in, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 911f, 914. See also Renal tubular acidosis acute, 898, 901–908, 902t postoperative, 55, 55t aminoglycosides and, 904 in amyloidosis, 531, 930 anion gap acidosis and, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 902 assessment of, 898–901, 899t, 900t cardiorenal syndrome and, 908 cardiovascular disorders and, 908, 909t, 911–912, 911f chronic, 898, 908–918, 909t, 910f, 910t, 911f, 912f. See also Chronic kidney disease cystic, 933–936, 934t. See also Renal cysts in diabetes, 908, 910, 914, 927, 931, 1223–1224. See also Diabetic nephropathy duration in evaluation of, 898 exenatide use and, 1211 GFR in, 899–901, 900t, 902, 903, 904, 909, 910 glomerular, 909t, 918–928, 918f, 919t, 920t, 921f nephritic spectrum, 918f, 919, 919t, 920–927, 921f nephrotic spectrum, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–928 in gout, 812, 813, 816, 936–937 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849, 850 hantaviruses causing (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome), 1388–1389 heart failure and, 400, 910t
1850
CMDT 2013
Kidney disease/injury (Cont.): hematuria in, 898, 899, 907, 918, 918f, 938 Henoch-Schönlein purpura and, 852, 919t, 923 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 926 in HIV infection/AIDS, 931 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 883, 910t, 912, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1143–1144 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 hyperkalemia and, 879, 905, 911, 911f, 913–914, 928 hypermagnesemia and, 888 hypernatremia and, 876 hyperphosphatemia in, 886, 902, 905, 911f, 912, 912–913, 912f hypertension and, 433, 436, 439, 442t, 908, 910, 910t, 911, 911f treatment of, 439, 442t, 458–459, 911 in hypertensive emergency, 461t hypocalcemia and, 882, 905, 906, 910t, 912, 912f hypokalemia and, 879, 892, 892t, 910t hypomagnesemia treatment and, 888 hyponatremia in, 874 intrinsic, 902t, 903 lithium associated with, 1073 lower extremity edema and, 33, 34 mercury causing, 1583 methotrexate and, 1661, 1662 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851, 907, 921f, 924 multisystem diseases and, 936–937 in myeloma, 527, 528, 936 myoglobinuria/rhabdomyolysis and, 844, 905 nephritic spectrum, 918f, 919, 919t, 920–927, 921f. See also Nephritic syndrome nephrotic spectrum, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–931. See also Nephrotic syndrome glomerular, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–928 in primary renal disorders, 920t, 928–930 from systemic disorders, 920t, 930–931 neurologic disorders and, 909t, 910, 914 neuropathy associated with, 909t, 914, 1022–1023 NSAIDs causing, 829 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t in polyarteritis nodosa, 847, 848 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 55, 55t proteinuria in, 898, 898–899, 908, 910 pruritus associated with, 145, 909t radiation exposure causing, 1554 renal biopsy in, 901 in scleroderma, 838, 839 sickle cell syndromes and, 503, 936 in SLE, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 590
index in systemic fibrosis, 937 in thrombotic microangiopathies, 543, 543t toxic drug effects and. See Nephrotoxicity in tuberculosis, 936 tubulointerstitial, 932–933, 932t in tumor lysis syndrome, 1647 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187, 1187t urinalysis in, 898–899, 899t Kidney stones. See Nephrolithiasis; Urinary stone disease Kidney transplantation, 916 adenovirus infection and, 1402 for diabetic nephropathy, 1224 hyperkalemia and, 879–880 for IgA nephropathy, 923 neuropathies and, 1022 pancreas transplantation and, for diabetes, 1217 in SLE patient, 927 Kidney-type glutaminase gene, in hepatic encephalopathy, 690 Kiesselbach plexus, epistaxis and, 220 Kikuchi/Kikuchi-Fugimoto disease, 240 Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), in hepatitis C, 671 Killip classification, 366 Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules, 931 Kindling, in substance abuse disorders, 1079, 1085 Kingella species. See HACEK organisms Kininogen, high molecular-weight, deficiency of, 552 KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors), in hepatitis C, 671 KIT protein, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1619, 1620 Klatskin tumors, 1606 Klebsiella/Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1299t Kleine-Levin syndrome, 1077 Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669–1670 gynecomastia in, 1174, 1178, 1669 infertility and, 955, 1174, 1669, 1670 Klonopin. See Clonazepam Knee, 1692–1703, 1693t, 1694–1697t arthritis of, 1692, 1701–1703 meniscal injuries and, 1700 nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic), 859 arthrocentesis in evaluation of, 1674 bursitis of, 825 complex regional pain syndrome and, 825 examination of, 1692–1693, 1694–1697t meniscal injuries and, 1696–1697t, 1700 range of motion of, 1694t arthritis and, 1702 strength testing and, 1694t Knee pain, 1692–1693, 1693t, 1694–1697t anterior (patellofemoral pain), 1692, 1697t, 1700–1701 osteoarthritis and, 1692, 1702 Knee realignment surgery, 1702 Knee replacement for arthritis, 812, 1702 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t
Kocher sign, 1112 Koebner phenomenon in lichen planus, 144 in psoriasis, 106 KOH preparation, 110, 110f Kombiglyze XR. See Saxagliptin, with metformin Koplik spots, 1367 Korsakoff psychosis/syndrome, 1013, 1081, 1264 KPs. See Keratic precipitates K-ras/KRAS gene/mutations colorectal cancer and, 653, 1622, 1625 gallbladder cancer and, 1606 lung cancer and, 1600 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607, 1609 Krukenberg tumor, 1616 KSHV. See Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus Kübler-Ross, stages of dying described by, 91 Kugelberg-Welander syndrome, 1020 Kumamoto study, 1202 Kupffer cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in cirrhosis, 687 in cold agglutinin disease, 507 Kuru, 1381, 1382 Kussmaul respirations, in metabolic acidosis, 24, 893 Kussmaul sign in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in myocardial infarction, 366 Kwashiorkor/kwashiorkor-like secondary protein–energy malnutrition, 1257–1258 Kyphoscoliosis, in syringomyelia, 1018 L-AmB. See Liposomal amphotericin B La belle indifférence, 1045 La/SSB antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Labetalol, for hypertension, 447t in aortic dissection, 477 eclampsia and, 795 pheochromocytoma and, 1170 in urgencies/emergencies, 461–463, 462t Labor and delivery acute fatty liver of pregnancy and, 795 for cardiac patient, 431, 802–803 endocarditis prophylaxis and, 431, 803 for diabetic patient, 801, 1230 herpes simplex transmission during, 806, 1355 for HIV-positive patient, 1321 induction of, after 41 weeks, 785 preeclampsia/eclampsia and, 793, 794, 795 preterm, 796–797 varicella transmission and, 1359 Laboratory tests. See Diagnostic/ laboratory tests Labyrinthine concussion, vertigo caused by, 210t, 211 Labyrinthitis, 210–211, 210t Lacerations cerebral, 1017t
index ocular, 193–194, 193f scalp, 1016 Lachman test, 1693, 1694t Lac-Hydrin-Five, 99t Lacosamide, 973t Lacrimal apparatus, disorders of, 163–164, 163f Lacrimal punctal occlusion, for dry eye, 166 Lacrimal sac, infection of (dacryocystitis), 164 LaCrosse agent, California encephalitis caused by, 1378 b-Lactam antibiotics. See Beta-lactam antibiotics Lactase deficiency, 626–627. See also Lactose (milk) intolerance Lactase enzyme replacement, 627 Lactate. See Lactic acid Lactate dehydrogenase (LD/LDH) ascitic fluid, 588 bacterial peritonitis and, 588, 589 in hemolytic anemia, 500 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525, 526 in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 pleural fluid, 314 in parapneumonic effusion, 315 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1326, 1534 reference values for, 1732t in testicular cancer, 1643 in vitamin B12 deficiency, 498 Lactated Ringer solution. See Fluid management/hydration Lactation/breastfeeding, 786 antituberculosis drug therapy during, 286, 805 breast abscess and, 721 breast cancer and, 730 CMV transmission and, 1364 drug/medication use/avoidance during, 782t, 786. See also specific agent HIV infection/AIDS transmission and, 1321, 1336 iron requirements/supplementation during, 491 mastitis and, 721, 797–798 candidal, 132 oral contraceptive use and, 772 progestin minipill and, 773 suppression of, 786 thyroid medication during, 1115, 1117 Lactic acid (lactate), 890–891, 1237 in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in lactic acidosis, 890–891 reference/normal values for, 891 Lactic acidosis, 890–891, 1232t, 1237–1238 alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891 in heat exposure syndromes, 1548 metformin causing, 914, 1209, 1237, 1580 Lactitol, 1205 Lactobacillus probiotic, for antibioticassociated colitis prevention, 636 Lactoferrin, fecal in Crohn disease, 642 in diarrhea, 575, 579, 1293
Lactose-free diet, 626, 627 Lactose (milk) intolerance, 621t, 626–627 diarrhea caused by, 578, 579f, 621t, 626 flatus caused by, 573, 626 Lactulose for constipation, 571, 572t diarrhea caused by, 579f in GI bleeding, 602 for hepatic encephalopathy, 602, 673, 690 Lactulose breath test, in bacterial overgrowth, 580, 625 Lacunar infarction, 979–981, 980t. See also Stroke LADA. See Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood Laennec cirrhosis, 686 LAIV influenza vaccine, 1396. See also Influenza virus vaccine Lambda amyloid, 531 Lambda free light chains, reference values for, 1732t Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome, 1033 in cancer, 995, 1033, 1596t Laminectomy, decompressive for Arnold-Chiari malformation/ syringomyelia, 1019 for spinal stenosis, 1685 for spinal trauma, 1018 for spinal tumors/cord compression, 993, 1645 Lamisil. See Terbinafine Lamivudine (3TC), 1341t, 1343, 1348f, 1354t. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART with abacavir, 1343, 1344, 1347, 1348f for hepatitis B, 675, 676, 1329, 1343, 1354t during pregnancy, 806 resistance to, 675, 1349 with zidovudine, 1343, 1347, 1348f postexposure/after needle stick, 1335 with zidovudine and abacavir, 1344, 1348f Lamotrigine, 972, 973t, 1075 for bipolar disease/mania, 1075 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1075, 1574 for seizures, 972, 973t pregnancy and, 803 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 1097, 1099 Language. See Speech/language Laninamivir, 1396 Lanreotide, for acromegaly/gigantism, 1101 Lansoprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors Lanthanum, for hyperphosphatemia, 886 in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 Lantus. See Insulin glargine Laparoscopy in ascites, 589 in ectopic pregnancy, 790, 790–791 in gynecologic disorders, 748t in PID, 763 pulmonary complication rate and, 50 for tubal ligation, 777 Lapatinib, 741, 1655t Large cell carcinoma of lung, 1595–1597. See also Lung cancer
CMDT 2013
1851
Large-needle (core needle) biopsy, for breast lump evaluation, 718, 728, 728f, 729f, 1718, 1719. See also Breast, biopsy of stereotactic guided, 729 Large-volume paracentesis. See Paracentesis Large-volume thoracentesis. See Thoracentesis Laron syndrome/dwarfism, 1094 Larva migrans cutaneous, 1523–1524, 1524f ocular, 1523 visceral, 1523 Laryngeal carcinoma, 236–237 hoarseness and, 233 leukoplakia and, 236 Laryngeal leukoplakia, 236 Laryngeal nerve, recurrent damage to during thyroid surgery, 237, 238, 1116, 1119, 1129 vocal fold paralysis caused by damage/ lesions of, 237–238 Laryngeal papillomas, 234–235 Laryngectomy, for laryngeal cancer, 237 Laryngitis, 233. See also Hoarseness Laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234. See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease Laryngospasm in drowning, 1556 in hypocalcemia, 882 Laryngotracheitis, human parainfluenza virus causing, 1393 Larynx, 233–238. See also under Laryngeal masses of, 235–237 papillomas of, 234–235 stenosis of, 242 LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis), 162 Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), 162–163 Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), 162 Laser-induced prostatectomy, transurethral (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Laser therapy for acne scars, 128 for age-related macular degeneration, 181 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 for CIN/cervical cancer, 756 for diabetic retinopathy, 185, 1223 endovenous, for varicose veins, 479, 1720 for esophageal cancer palliation, 1614 for glaucoma, 175, 177 for hirsutism, 1163–1164 for hyperpigmentation, 156 for lung cancer palliation, 1600 for pseudofolliculitis, 129 for refractive errors, 162–163 for retinal detachment, 180 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 for sickle cell retinopathy, 187 for wart removal/condylomata acuminata, 140–141, 753 LASIK (laser assisted in situ keratomileusis), 162
1852
CMDT 2013
Lasix. See Furosemide Lasmiditan, for migraine headache, 964 Lassa fever, 1384, 1385 Latanoprost, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Latanoprost/timolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 172t, 176 Late life psychosis, 1054 Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood (LADA), 1193, 1220 Lateral collateral ligament, 1692 injury of, 1695–1696t, 1698–1699 Lateral epicondylosis, 1687–1688 Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lesions (meralgia paresthetica), 1027 Lateral meniscus, 1692. See also Meniscal cartilage, of knee Lateral sclerosis amyotrophic, 1019, 1020 enterovirus infection and, 1407 primary, 1019 Latex allergy, anaphylaxis and, 866 Latissimus dorsi flap, for breast reconstruction, 745 Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider), 149, 1590 Latuda. See Lurasidone Lavage bronchoalveolar. See Bronchoalveolar lavage gastric, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 Lavender top tubes, 1736t Laxative abuse, 1086 diarrhea caused by, 578, 579f Laxatives, 571–572, 572t hypermagnesemia and, 888 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 for opioid-induced constipation, 86, 571–572 LCHAD deficiency, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and, 795 LCIS. See Lobular carcinoma in situ LCL. See Lateral collateral ligament LCM. See Lymphocytic choriomeningitis LD. See Lactate dehydrogenase LDCT. See Low-dose helical computed tomography LDH. See Lactate dehydrogenase LDL. See Low-density lipoproteins/ cholesterol Lead, reference values for, 1732t Lead encephalopathy, 1582 gasoline sniffing and, 1086 Lead nephropathy, 933, 1581, 1582 Lead poisoning, 1566t, 1581–1582 gasoline sniffing and, 1086 gout and, 814 tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 933 Leflunomide, for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 Left-to-right shunts. See Shunts Left ventricular aneurysm coronary artery trauma and, 428 myocardial infarction and, 375 Left ventricular angiography, in angina, 355 Left ventricular (LV) apical ballooning syndrome. See Tako-Tsubo (stress/catecholamineinduced) cardiomyopathy
index Left ventricular assist devices, 406 for cardiomyopathy, 413 for infectious myocarditis, 410 Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, increased, in dyspnea, 25, 25t Left ventricular (left heart) failure/ dysfunction, 367t, 398, 399. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure in hypertensive emergency, 461t myocardial infarction and, 366, 367t, 373–374, 376 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 pulmonary hypertension and, 423t, 424 Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic dissection, 477 in aortic regurgitation, 345 in aortic stenosis, 342 in cardiomyopathy, 414. See also Cardiomyopathy in coarctation of aorta, 327 in congestive heart failure, 398, 400 hypertensive, 439, 440 sudden death of athlete and, 431, 432 Leg. See also under Lower extremity acute arterial occlusion of, 468–469 peripheral artery aneurysms and, 476 appearance of in acute arterial occlusion, 468 in femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 465 in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 in varicose veins, 478, 479 in venous insufficiency, 33, 34, 481 peripheral artery aneurysms affecting, 476 Leg elevation for lymphedema, 484 for varicose veins, 479 for venous insufficiency, 34, 481 Leg pain. See also Claudication in acute arterial occlusion, 468 in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 465 peripheral artery aneurysms and, 476 in pulmonary embolism, 298t, 301t in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, 989 in spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 Leg ulcers in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 in venous insufficiency/varicose veins/ lower extremity occlusive disease, 33, 34, 153–155, 154f, 467, 479, 481 osteomyelitis and, 154, 862 Legal blindness. See also Blindness age-related macular degeneration causing, 181 Legalon-SIL. See Silymarin Legionella/Legionella pneumophila, 1299t, 1302t, 1303t, 1443 Legionnaires disease (legionella pneumonia/legionellosis), 271, 272t, 1299t, 1302t, 1303t, 1443
Leiden mutation, DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) and, 297 Leiomyoma-renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Leiomyomas esophageal, 601 gastrointestinal, 1619 of uterus (fibroid tumor), 757–759 Leiomyosarcoma gastrointestinal, 1622. See also Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of uterus, 758 Leishmania (leishmaniasis), 1487–1490, 1488f cutaneous, 1487, 1488, 1488f, 1489 post-kala azar, 1487–1488 mucocutaneous (espundia), 1487, 1488, 1489 post-kala azar dermal, 1487–1488 recidivans, 1488 visceral (kala azar), 1487, 1487–1488, 1488, 1488–1489 Leishmanin skin test, 1488 Lemierre syndrome, 230, 231, 1420, 1454 Lenalidomide, 1656t for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518, 540 for myeloma, 529 for primary myelofibrosis, 515 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 972 Lens opacity. See Cataract Lentigines, 101, 155 solar (liver spots), 101, 155, 156 Lentigo maligna melanoma, 102 Lepirudin, for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544, 544t Leprechaunism, 1193t, 1195 Lepromatous leprosy, 1460. See also Leprosy Lepromin skin test, 1460 Leprosy (Hansen disease), 1460–1461 neuropathy associated with, 1023, 1460 Leptin/leptin receptor, in obesity, 1259 insulin action and, 1194 Leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis), 992, 1287 Leptospira/Leptospira interrogans (leptospirosis), 1300t, 1477–1478 Lescol. See Fluvastatin Lethal midline granuloma, 223 Letrozole, 1656t for breast cancer, 740t for endometriosis, 761 for gynecomastia, 1179 for ovulation induction, 769 Leucine, in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240 Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue with 5-fluorouracil, 1625, 1658t with methotrexate, 829, 1658t, 1661, 1662 Leukapheresis for acute leukemia, 520 for chronic myeloid dysplasia, 516 Leukemias, 511–524, 1610t acute, 519–521, 1610t. See also specific type
index infection and, 519–520, 1279 lymphoblastic/lymphocytic (ALL), 519, 520, 521, 1610t myeloid (AML), 519, 520, 520–521, 521, 1610t promyelocytic (APL), 519, 520 DIC associated with, 519, 546 adult T cell (ATL), 1383–1384. See also Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus aleukemic, 520 chronic, 1610t lymphocytic (CLL), 521–523, 1610t myeloid (CML), 511t, 515–517, 1610t myelomonocytic (CMML), 517 prolymphocytic, 522 exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 fever/FUO and, 1277 hairy cell, 523–524, 1610t incidence/mortality/risk of, 1594t meningeal, 520 neutropenia and, 510, 520 plasma cell, 528 rheumatic manifestations of, 864 secondary to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, 519 stem cell transplants for, 517, 520–521, 533 Leukemic arthritis, 864 Leukeran. See Chlorambucil Leukine. See Sargramostim Leukoagglutinin transfusion reactions, 535 leukocyte-poor blood in prevention of, 534, 535 Leukocidin, Panton-Valentine, 273 Leukocyte casts, 898, 899t in interstitial nephritis, 898, 907 Leukocyte count. See White blood cell count Leukocyte-poor blood, transfusion of, 534, 535. See also Transfusion Leukocytes fecal, in diarrhea, 575, 576f, 1293 pleural fluid, 314, 314t Leukocytosis in acute leukemia, 520 in cellulitis, 137 in lymphangitis/lymphadenitis, 483 in Still disease, 831 Leukoderma, 155–156 Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal (PML), 1328, 1382–1383 natalizumab and, 640, 1011, 1383 Leukopenia, in SLE, 834t Leukoplakia hairy, 224, 225f, 1323, 1329 laryngeal, 236 oral, 224–225, 224f, 225f, 1323, 1329 Leukoreduced blood, transfusion of, 534, 535 Leukotriene modifiers for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253 Leuprolide, 1657t. See also Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs
for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for endometriosis, 761 hypogonadism caused by, 1096 for male infertility, 1097 for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Leustatin. See Cladribine Levalbuterol, for asthma, 254t, 255 Levaquin. See Levofloxacin Levatol. See Penbutolol Levemir. See Insulin detemir Levetiracetam, 972, 973t overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1573 for seizures, 972, 973t pregnancy and, 803 Levitra. See Vardenafil Levo-Dromoran. See Levorphanol Levobunolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Levocabastine, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Levodopa benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t for idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 MAOI interactions and, 999, 1071t for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 36 for parkinsonism, 998, 999 with carbidopa, 999 with carbidopa and entacapone, 999, 1000 Levofloxacin. See also Fluoroquinolones for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216t for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pneumonia, 273, 273t, 277t Levoleucovorin rescue, with methotrexate, 829, 1658t Levonorgestrel for emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 for menopausal symptoms, 779 in Mirena IUD, 773, 774, 1185 in oral contraceptives, 771t with transdermal estradiol, 1183 Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD, 773–774 for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748, 774 for dysmenorrhea, 750, 774 for endometriosis, 761 for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 Levorphanol, 81t Levothyroxine (thyroxine) hyperthyroidism caused by, 1125 for hypothyroidism/myxedema, 1096, 1107, 1108–1110 in Hashimoto thyroiditis, 1122 during pregnancy, 800, 1108, 1109 for thyroid cancer, 1125, 1129, 1130 surveillance and, 1132 withdrawal stimulated RAI therapy and, 1131 thyroid nodule evaluation/treatment and, 1124t, 1125 after thyroidectomy, 1129, 1130 Levulose, for porphyria, 1022 Lewy bodies, dementia with, 59, 1008, 1008t Lexapro. See Escitalopram Lexiva. See Fosamprenavir Leydig cell tumors/hyperplasia, 1177, 1642 hypogonadism and, 1175
CMDT 2013
1853
LGV. See Lymphogranuloma venereum Lhermitte sign, 818 LHRH analogs. See Luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) analogs LHRH antagonist. See Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist Lialda. See Mesalamine Libido loss of, 951, 1050. See also Sexual dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, 914 postmenopausal changes and, 1050 Libman-Sacks endocarditis, 428 in SLE, 833 Librium. See Chlordiazepoxide Lice, 148 in epidemic typhus, 1408–1410, 1409t in relapsing fever, 1475, 1476 in trench fever, 1454 Lichen planus, 143–145, 144f drugs causing eruptions similar to, 144, 159t oral, 144, 224 Lichen planus-like drug eruptions, 144, 159t Lichen sclerosus anogenital pruritus and, 146 vulvar, 760 Lichen simplex chronicus (circumscribed neurodermatitis), 105, 105f Lichenoid eruptions, drugs causing, 159t Licorice, hypertension/hypokalemia and, 437, 1165–1166 Lid. See Eyelids Lid retraction/lid lag, in dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1112 Liddle syndrome, 437, 878t, 1166 Lidex. See Fluocinonide Lidocaine, 377, 378t, 1723t. See also Lidocaine patch for arrhythmias, 377, 378t infarct-related, 371, 372, 373 ventricular tachycardia, 378t, 391 for cluster headache, 965 Lidocaine patch for painful diabetic neuropathy, 1225–1226 for postherpetic neuralgia/neuropathic pain, 84t, 85, 120, 968, 1359 Lidoderm. See Lidocaine patch Life expectancy after Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, 62 assessment/prognosis of older adult and, 57, 58f obesity affecting, 14, 1259 prognosis at end of life and, 87 Life support basic, in near drowning, 1556 withdrawal/withholding, in end-of-life care, 91, 91t advance directives and, 89 Lifestyle modifications of adherence and, 1 in constipation management, 571 in GERD management, 596 in hypertension management/ prevention, 434t, 441, 441t
1854
CMDT 2013
Lifestyle, modifications of (Cont.): lipid-lowering and, 1250, 1251t menopausal hot flush management and, 1186 in obesity management, 14, 1260 in urinary incontinence management, 68, 69 sedentary lipid abnormalities and, 1248t preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 7t, 12–13 prevention of, 12–13 Lift off test, 1678t, 1680 Light, pupillary reaction to. See Pupillary reactions Light chains in amyloidosis, 531, 930 in myeloma, 527, 527–528, 528, 936 reference values for, 1732t in urine. See Bence Jones proteinuria Light eruption, polymorphous (PMLE), 153 Light green top PPT, 1736t Light therapy. See Phototherapy Light visors, for depression with seasonal onset, 1071 Lightning injuries, 1552 Ligneous (Riedel) thyroiditis, 1120, 1121, 1122 Lille model, in alcoholic liver disease, 682 Lily-of-the-valley, toxicity of, 1578–1579 Limb-girdle (Erb) muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t Limb loss. See Amputation Limbic encephalitis, 994–995 Linagliptin, 1207t, 1212–1213 with metformin, 1213 Linear scleroderma, 839 Linezolid adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for enterococcal infection, 1422 for pneumonia, 273, 277t serotonin syndrome caused by, 1585 for staphylococcal skin infection, 1426 Linitis plastica, 1616 Linoleic acid, in nutritional support, 1272 Liothyronine. See also Thyroid hormone antidepressant drug augmentation and, 1065, 1069 for myxedema coma, 1108 Lipase lipoprotein, abnormality of, 1245 in pancreatic enzyme supplements, 716 serum levels of in pancreatitis, 711, 716 reference values for, 1732t Lipedema, chronic venous insufficiency differentiated from, 481 Lipemia retinalis, 1248 in diabetes mellitus, 1197 Lipid-based amphotericin B, 1541–1542, 1541t for aspergillosis, 1538 for cryptococcal meningitis, 1536 for mucormycosis, 217, 1538 Lipid disorders/lipids, 1245–1256. See also Fat; Lipoproteins antiretroviral therapy and, 1036, 1160, 1332, 1344
index atherogenesis/cardiovascular/coronary heart disease and, 7t, 8–10, 350, 1245–1246, 1246 in women, 1251, 1706–1707 cholesterol lowering and, 8–10, 1246– 1247, 1252–1255, 1255t in women, 1706–1707 clinical presentations in, 1247–1248, 1248f in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1200–1201, 1247, 1248t in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 898, 918, 927, 928, 1248t pharmacologic therapy affecting. See Lipid-lowering therapy screening for, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t cardiovascular disease prevention and, 7t, 8–10, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 secondary conditions and, 1247, 1248t thiazolidinediones affecting, 1209–1210 triglycerides and, 1255–1256 Lipid fractions, coronary heart disease risk and, 350, 1245, 1246, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t. See also Lipoproteins in women, 1251, 1706 Lipid-lowering therapy, 1246–1247, 1251t, 1252–1255, 1255t acute coronary syndromes and, 362t, 364 in aortic stenosis, 343 for cardiovascular/heart disease prevention, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t in women, 1251, 1706–1707 cholesterol screening and, 8–10, 1248– 1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in older patients, 1251–1252 in women, 1251, 1706 combination therapy and, 1254 in diabetes, 1227 diet and, 1250 exercise/activity and, 12–13, 1252 goals of, 1248, 1251t, 1253 high LDL cholesterol and, 1252–1255, 1255t high triglycerides and, 1255–1256, 1255t in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 in hypertension, 443–444 in nephrotic syndrome, 928 pharmacologic, 1250, 1251t, 1253– 1255, 1255t. See also specific type of therapy and Statin drugs rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis and, 842, 844, 1254 selection of agents for, 1254, 1255t therapeutic effects of, 1246–1247 Lipid-modifying diet, 1250, 1252 in diabetes, 1205 in nephrotic syndrome, 928 Lipiduria, 898 Lipitor. See Atorvastatin Lipoatrophic diabetes, 1193t
Lipoatrophy antiretroviral therapy and, 1343, 1344 at insulin injection sites, 1222–1223 Lipocalin, neutrophil gelatinaseassociated, in acute tubular necrosis, 904 Lipodermatosclerosis, 34 Lipodystrophy Cushing syndrome differentiated from, 1160 familial partial, type I, 1160 HIV infection/antiretroviral therapy and, 1036, 1160, 1332, 1344 at insulin injection sites, 1222–1223 Lipohypertrophy, at insulin injection sites, 1216, 1223 Lipoid nephrosis (minimal change disease), 920t, 928–929 Lipoid pneumonia, 308 Lipomas atrial septal, 427 epidermal inclusion cysts differentiated from, 152 intestinal, 638 in MEN, 1188t, 1189 Liponyssoides sanguineus mites. See Mites Lipoprotein lipase, abnormality of, 1245 Lipoproteins. See also specific type and Cholesterol atherogenesis/cardiovascular/coronary heart disease and, 350, 1245– 1246, 1246, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201 estrogen replacement affecting, 1182 lowering. See Lipid-lowering therapy screening tests for levels of, 7t, 1248– 1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 7t, 1248, 1251, 1706 testosterone replacement affecting, 1177, 1185 thiazolidinediones affecting, 1209–1210 Liposomal amphotericin B, 1541t. See also Lipid-based amphotericin B for histoplasmosis, 1532 for leishmaniasis, 1488 Liposomal daunorubicin, 1653t, 1662 Liposomal doxorubicin, 1653t, 1662 for Kaposi sarcoma, 145, 1332, 1339t 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor, for asthma, 252t, 253 Liquid diets, 1268 Liquid nitrogen. See also Cryotherapy for actinic keratoses, 117 hypopigmentation/depigmentation and, 155–156 for wart removal/condylomata acuminata, 140, 753 Liquid oxygen systems, for home oxygen therapy, 262 Liraglutide, 1206t, 1212, 1220–1221 Lisinopril, 450t breastfeeding and, 782t for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 450t with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t Lispro insulin. See Insulin lispro
index Listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis), 574t, 1300t, 1434–1435 meningitis caused by, 1302t, 1434 Literacy (health), adherence and, 1 LITH gene, in cholelithiasis/gallstones, 702 Lithium, 1072–1074, 1074t, 1723t for aggressive/violent patient, 1078– 1079 antidepressant drug augmentation/ interaction and, 1065, 1069, 1071t, 1073 breastfeeding and, 782t, 1073 dosage recommendations for, 1073 drug interactions of, 1071t, 1074, 1074t ECT-associated memory loss and, 1071 hypercalcemia and, 1073, 1142 hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis/ thyroiditis and, 1111 hypothyroidism and, 1073 monitoring levels of, 1073, 1723t overdose/toxicity of, 1073–1074, 1569t, 1582–1583 hemodialysis for, 1073, 1568t, 1582–1583 ophthalmic effects and, 196t seizures and, 1073, 1565t pregnancy/breastfeeding and, 1073 for unipolar depression, 1072 Lithotripsy for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 for cholelithiasis/gallstones, 704 for pancreatic duct stones, 717 for renal stones, 950 for sialolithiasis, 232 for ureteral stones, 950 Livalo. See Pitavastatin Livedo reticularis, 854 antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 836, 854 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847, 854 Liver abscesses of amebic, 1503, 1504, 1505t pyogenic, 700–701 anesthesia/surgery affecting function of, 51 biopsy of, 665 in alcoholic liver disease, 681 in cirrhosis, 687 in hemochromatosis, 695 in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 685 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 cancer of, 1603–1605, 1612t cirrhosis and, 682, 685, 687, 1603, 1604, 1605 hemochromatosis and, 682, 695, 1603 hepatitis and, 668, 670, 672, 674, 676, 678, 679, 1603, 1604 hepatitis B vaccine in prevention of, 15, 1604–1605 incidence/mortality/risk of, 1603
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t pyogenic abscess and, 701 carcinoid metastases involving, 1621 cavernous hemangioma of, 701 disorders of, 665–702. See also specific disorder and under Hepatic acute liver failure, 672–674 alcoholic, 680–682, 1081, 1083 ascites in, 587, 587–588, 587t spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and, 588, 589, 689 biliary cirrhosis, 692–694 bleeding associated with, 553–554 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 702–704, 703t cirrhosis, 686–692, 692t coagulopathy, 553–554 diagnosis of, 663t, 664–665, 664t drug- and toxin-induced, 682–684. See also Hepatotoxicity esophageal varices in, 581, 601, 602, 604 in fascioliasis, 1512 hemochromatosis, 694–696 hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 697–699 hepatitis. See Hepatitis in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 hyponatremia in, 873 immunization recommendations in, 1309t jaundice in, 662, 663t lipid abnormalities and, 1248t neoplastic. See also Liver, cancer of benign tumors, 701–702 drugs/toxins causing, 683 oral contraceptive use and, 701, 702, 772 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684– 685. See also Fatty liver noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 699–700 NSAIDs causing, 829 parenteral nutritional support and, 1274t in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management and, 51–52 pruritus associated with, 145 in syphilis, 1471 Wilson disease, 696–697, 697f enlarged. See Hepatomegaly fatty. See Fatty liver fibrosis of. See Hepatic fibrosis focal nodular hyperplasia of, 701, 702 telangiectatic, 702 in heart failure, 400, 699 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 hydatid cyst of, 1516 nodular regenerative hyperplasia of, noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 699 passive congestion of, 699 resection of, for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 shock, 699 transplantation of, 691 for acute liver failure, 673
CMDT 2013
1855
adenovirus infection and, 1402 alcoholic liver disease and, 682 for autoimmune hepatitis, 680 for biliary cirrhosis, 694 biliary stricture and, 709 for cholangiocarcinoma, 1607 for cirrhosis, 685, 687, 689, 691 CMV infection and, 1364 esophageal varices and, 604 for hepatic coagulopathy, 553 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 for hepatopulmonary syndrome/ portopulmonary hypertension, 691 for hepatorenal syndrome, 689 in HIV infection/AIDS, 691, 1329 for mushroom poisoning, 674, 1586 for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 685 for Wilson disease, 697 Liver biochemical tests. See also specific test evaluation of, 663t, 664–665, 664t Liver cell adenoma. See Hepatocellular adenoma Liver (hepatic) failure, 672–674 acetaminophen causing, 76, 672–673, 1570 acute, 672–674 fatty liver of pregnancy and, 673, 795 anemia in, 493 in cirrhosis, 687 drugs/toxins causing, 672–673, 682–684 herpetic, 1351 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 in mushroom poisoning, 673, 674, 1585 nefazodone causing, 1068 Liver flukes, 1512–1513 Chinese, 1513 sheep, 1512–1513 Liver-kidney microsomes, antibody to, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 Liver-kidney transplantation, 691 Liver spots (solar lentigines), 101, 155, 156 Liver stiffness, in hepatic fibrosis, 685 Livial. See Tibolone Livostin. See Levocabastine Lixivaptan, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875 LKB1/STK11 mutation, pancreatic/ periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 LMWH (low-molecular-weight heparin). See Heparin Loa loa (loiasis), 1527–1528 Load and shift test, 1679t, 1681 Lobectomy pulmonary, for lung cancer, 1599. See also Lung resection thyroid, for thyroid carcinoma, 1129 Lobular carcinoma in situ, 733, 733t Local anesthetics, for eye disorders, precautions for use of, 194 Locasamide, 972
1856
CMDT 2013
Locked-in syndrome (de-efferented state), 1016 Lodine. See Etodolac Lodoxamide, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Loeys-Dietz syndrome, aortic disorders/ aneurysm in, 428 pregnancy and, 431 Löffler syndrome, 296 cardiomyopathy in, 415–416 Loiasis, 1527–1528 Lomustine (CCNU), 1651t “Lone atrial fibrillation,” 387 Lone Star tick. See Ticks Long-acting insulin, 1213, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215–1216, 1218, 1219t. See also Insulin therapy in pregnancy, 1230 in type 2 diabetes, 1221 Long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and, 795 Long His-ventricular interval, 395 Long QT syndrome, 393. See also QT interval, long palpitations and, 31 Long-term care facility, caregiver issues related to placement in, 58–59 Loniten. See Minoxidil Loop diuretics. See also Diuretics; Furosemide for acute tubular necrosis, 905–906 for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for heart failure, 401 chronic kidney disease and, 912 for hyperkalemia, 879, 881t, 914 for hypernatremia, 876 for hypertension, 445t, 446 in chronic kidney disease, 446, 459 in urgencies/emergencies, 463 hypokalemia and, 401, 446, 878 for hyponatremia, 874 hyponatremia caused by, 872 lithium use and, 1074 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 ototoxicity of, 207 Loop excision, for CIN, 756 Loperamide, 577, 580, 1298. See also Antidiarrheal agents for fecal incontinence, 659–660 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 microscopic colitis, 650 ulcerative colitis, 647 Lopid. See Gemfibrozil Lopinavir/r (lopinavir/ritonavir), 1341t, 1344, 1345, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Lopressor. See Metoprolol Loprox. See Ciclopirox Loratadine, 99 for allergic eye disease, 167 for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 218, 219 for urticaria, 133 Lorazepam, 1042, 1042t, 1043. See also Benzodiazepines
index for alcohol withdrawal, 974 with antipsychotics, 1058 for anxiety/stress disorders, 1039, 1042, 1042t, 1043 for delirium, 1089 for insomnia, 1043, 1076 for nausea and vomiting, 569t, 1660 overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 for psychedelic abuse/overdose, 1084 for seizures, 1565 in eclampsia, 794 status epilepticus and, 974 Lorazepam interview, in conversion disorder, 1046 Lorcaserin, for obesity, 14, 1261 Lorcet. See Hydrocodone Lortab. See Hydrocodone Losartan, 451t for hypertension, 449, 451t with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t for Marfan syndrome, 1671 Lotemax. See Loteprednol Lotensin/Lotensin HCT. See Benazepril Loteprednol, for ophthalmic disorders, 170t Lotrel. See Benazepril Louse. See Lice Lovastatin, 1246, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs protease inhibitor interactions and, 1344 for thyroid cancer, 1131 Lovenox. See Enoxaparin Low back pain, 818–821, 820t, 821t, 1683–1685, 1684t. See also Back pain Low birth weight infants, hypertension risk and, 436 Low-calorie diets, in obesity management, 14, 1260 Low-carbohydrate diets, in obesity management, 14, 1260 Low-cholesterol diet, 1250, 1252, 1269 in diabetes, 1205 in nephrotic syndrome, 928 Low-density lipoproteins/cholesterol, 1246 atherogenesis/cardiovascular/coronary heart disease and, 8, 350, 1245, 1246, 1248, 1250 in older patients, 1251–1252 in women, 1251 in diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1205, 1227 diet affecting, 1252 in familial hypercholesterolemia, 1245 lowering levels of, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1252–1255, 1255t. See also Lipid-lowering therapy target values and, 1248, 1251t, 1253 reference values for, 1246, 1732t screening tests for levels of, 1248–1252, 1249–1250t, 1251t in women, 1251, 1706 thiazolidinedione therapy and, 1209, 1210 Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT), in lung cancer screening, 16, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 Low-fat diet, 1252, 1269
in diabetes, 1202, 1203, 1204–1205 in obesity management, 14, 1260 for pancreatitis, 714, 716 Low-molecular-weight heparin. See Heparin Low-protein diet. See Protein-restricted diet Low-salt diet. See Sodium-restricted diet Low-saturated-fat diet, 1252, 1269 Low-sodium diet. See Sodium-restricted diet Low vision. See Visual impairment/loss Lower airway/respiratory tract disorders, 242–243. See also Pneumonia asthma differentiated from, 248 Lower esophageal sphincter. See Esophageal sphincter, lower Lower extremity edema, 33–34, 33t in chronic venous insufficiency, 33, 34, 481 leg ulcers and, 33, 34, 153, 481 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 583–585. See also Gastrointestinal bleeding Lower leg/foot arteries aneurysm of, 475–476 atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 466–468 leg ulcers and, 153–155, 154f, 467 osteomyelitis and, 154, 862 Lower motor neuron lesions. See also Motor neuron diseases weakness in, 977 LOX. See Liquid oxygen systems Loxapine, 1056, 1056t, 1057t Loxitane. See Loxapine Loxosceles laeta/reclusa (brown recluse spider), 149, 1590 Loxoscelism, 149 Lozol. See Indapamide LRRK2 gene, in parkinsonism, 998 LSD, 1084, 1583 Lubiprostone, 571, 572t for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 Lubriderm, 99t Ludiomil. See Maprotiline Ludwig angina, 230, 230–231 Lues maligna, 1471 Lumbar motion, Schober test of, 820 Lumbar puncture. See also Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in CNS infections, 1287–1288 headache after, 966 in headache evaluation, 42 herniation syndromes and, 982, 984, 991, 1015, 1287 in intracranial tumors, 991 in Lyme disease, 1481 for pseudotumor cerebri, 995 in syphilis, indications for, 1472–1473 Lumbar spine/disk disease. See also Spine back pain and, 820, 820t, 1685–1686 herniated disk, 820, 820t, 1685–1686 stenosis, 822, 1685 tuberculosis (Pott disease), 863 Lumbosacral plexus lesions, 1032 Lumefantrine-artemether (Coartem/ Riamet), 1492t, 1493t, 1494t, 1496, 1497 Lumigan. See Bimatoprost
index Luminal gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, 564 Luminous hallucinations. See also Hallucinations in migraine headache, 963 Lump (breast), 726–727, 726f, 727f, 1717–1719. See also Breast cancer detection/evaluation of, 15t, 718, 721, 724–725, 1708, 1718–1719 biopsy in, 718, 721, 727–729, 728f, 729f, 1718, 1719 pregnancy and, 807 clinical examination in, 15t, 724, 726–727, 726f, 727f, 1718 cytology in, 730 mammography in, 15t, 16, 718, 724, 724–725, 727, 728f, 729, 1708, 1718, 1718–1719 biopsy and, 729 pregnancy and, 730, 807, 1718 in pregnant patient, 730, 807, 1718 self-examination in, 15t, 724 ultrasonography in, 718, 727, 728f, 729, 1718 differential diagnosis of, 1718 fat necrosis causing, 720–721 fibroadenoma, 719–720, 1718 in fibrocystic condition, 718–719, 1718, 1719 in male, 746 removal of. See Lumpectomy Lumpectomy, 735 genetic mutations for breast cancer and, 723 local recurrence and, 744 for noninvasive (ductal/lobular) carcinoma, 733 for phyllodes tumor, 719 Lunesta. See Eszopiclone Lung. See also under Pulmonary and Respiratory abscess of, 278–279 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 aspergilloma of, 1537 cancer of. See Lung cancer in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 collapse of. See Atelectasis fibrosis of. See Pulmonary fibrosis hydatid cyst of, 1516 radiation injury of, 311–312 toxic/chemical injury of, 311 aspiration and, 308 smoke inhalation and, 307 Lung biopsy in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 hemoptysis caused by, 27 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease, 293, 293–295 in lung cancer, 1597 in mesothelioma, 1602 in Pneumocystis pneumonia, 279, 1534 in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 296 in pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised host, 279 in sarcoidosis, 296 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 290 in tuberculosis, 281
Lung cancer, 1595–1603, 1598t, 1610t adenocarcinoma, 1595 in situ (bronchioloalveolar cell), 1595 asbestosis and, 309, 311, 1595, 1602 bronchioloalveolar cell (adenocarcinoma in situ), 1595 bronchogenic carcinoma, 1595–1601, 1598t chemical carcinogens and, 311, 1595 cough in, 21–22, 1597 granulomatosis with polyangiitis differentiated from, 850, 1601 hemoptysis in, 26, 27, 1597 hoarseness and, 233, 1597 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1595, 1597, 1598t large cell, 1595–1597 mesothelioma, 311, 1602–1603 metastatic, 1601–1602 myasthenic syndrome in, 1596t non–small cell, 1596t, 1597, 1610t occupational exposures and, 311 palliative therapy for, 1599, 1600 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 994, 995, 1596t, 1597 pleural effusion in, 314t, 315, 1597 prevention of/screening for, 16, 289– 290, 1599 in women, 1709–1710 prognosis for, 1600 pulmonary function testing in, 1598– 1599 small cell, 1596t, 1597, 1611t smoking/smoking cessation and, 6, 1593, 1595 as co-carcinogen, 311 screening and, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 in women, 1709 solitary pulmonary nodule and, 290– 291, 1601 squamous cell carcinoma, 1595 staging of, 1597–1598, 1598t superior vena caval obstruction in, 482, 1597 survival rates for, 1595, 1597, 1598t treatment of, 1599–1601, 1610t Lung capacity, total (TLC). See also Pulmonary function tests in COPD, 261 in cystic fibrosis, 267 Lung flukes (Paragonimus), 1513 Lung injury, acute, transfusion-related, 536 Lung resection, for lung cancer, 1599 metastatic disease and, 1601–1602 pulmonary function testing and, 1598– 1599 staging and, 1597, 1598, 1599 Lung scanning in cor pulmonale, 426 in pulmonary embolism, 299–300, 300, 302t chest pain evaluation and, 29 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 Lung sounds. See Breath sounds Lung transplantation
CMDT 2013
1857
adenovirus infection and, 1402 CMV infection and, 1364 for COPD, 264–265 for cystic fibrosis, 268 for pulmonary hypertension, 306, 425 Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), for COPD, 265 Lung volumes. See also Pulmonary function tests in COPD, 260–261 Lungworm, rat (A cantonensis), 1522 Lupron. See Leuprolide Lupus anticoagulant, 554, 833–834 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 836 pregnancy loss and, 789, 799 in SLE, 833–834, 834t Lupus cerebritis, 834 Lupus erythematosus autoantibodies in, 114 discoid/subacute (chronic cutaneous), 114–115 drug-related, 114, 159t, 312t, 832, 832t photosensitivity and, 114, 153 systemic, 831–835, 832t, 833t, 834t. See also Systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus nephritis, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 Lupus panniculitis, 150 Lupus pernio, 295, 295f Lurasidone, 1055, 1056t, 1057t, 1058, 1060t Luteinizing hormone (LH) in amenorrhea, 1163, 1180, 1181 deficiency of, 1093, 1094, 1173–1174. See also Hypogonadism gynecomastia and, 1178 in hirsutism/virilization, 1163 in hypogonadism, 1093, 1094, 1173– 1175, 1173t, 1175 in infertility workup, 768, 955 in menopause, 779 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162, 1163 reference values for, 1732t Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist, 1657t for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t Luteoma of pregnancy, 1162 Luvox. See Fluvoxamine LVEDP. See Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure LVRS. See Lung volume reduction surgery Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis), 240, 1300t, 1478–1483, 1482t anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis and, 1415 arthritis in, 1479, 1482, 1482t rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 babesiosis and, 1481, 1499 chronic (post-Lyme disease syndrome), 1482t coinfections and, 1415, 1481 congenital, 1481
1858
CMDT 2013
Lyme disease (Cont.): diagnosis/overdiagnosis of, 1479–1481, 1482 erythema migrans in, 135–136, 135f, 1478, 1479, 1481, 1482t facial palsy and, 1028f, 1479, 1481, 1482t head and neck symptoms in, 240 myopericarditis in, 419, 1479, 1481– 1482, 1482t neuropathy associated with, 1023, 1479 during pregnancy, 1481, 1482 prevention of, 1481 prognosis for, 1482 serologic testing in, 1479–1480 treatment of, 1481–1482, 1482t Lyme urinary antigen test, 1480 Lymph nodes. See also specific nodes and Lymphadenitis; Lymphadenopathy in filariasis, 1524, 1525 in Hodgkin lymphoma, 526 in neck, normal, 240 Lymphadenectomy selective (sentinel lymph node biopsy) in breast cancer, 735, 735f arm edema avoidance and, 744 neoadjuvant therapy and, 738– 739 in melanoma, 102 in testicular cancer, 1643 Lymphadenitis, 483–484 in cat-scratch disease, 483, 1454 in chancroid, 1453 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 in filariasis, 1525, 1525f histiocytic necrotizing (Kikuchi/ Kikuchi-Fugimoto disease), 240 mycobacterial (tuberculous and nontuberculous), 240, 1458 in plague, 1451 Lymphadenopathy in African trypanosomiasis, 1484 in American trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, 1487 in cat-scratch disease, 483, 1454 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), 115 dermatopathic, 115 in exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma, 116 HIV, 239, 241, 1323 eustachian tube dysfunction/serous otitis media and, 213 in Kawasaki disease, 1417 in leishmaniasis, 1487, 1488 in lymphogranuloma venereum (buboes), 659, 1461 in mononucleosis, 1361 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 524, 525 in onchocerciasis, 1526 in pharyngitis, 228, 1420 in plague, 1451 reactive cervical, 240 in syphilis, 658, 1464 in toxoplasmosis, 1500, 1501 in Whipple disease, 623
index Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, 1601 Lymphangitis, 483–484, 1303t in filariasis, 1525 Lymphatic channel diseases, 483–484 in filariasis, 1525, 1525f Lymphatic filariasis, 1524–1525, 1525f Lymphedema, 484 chronic venous insufficiency differentiated from, 481 in filariasis, 1525, 1525f in myxedema, 1106 Lymphoblastic lymphoma, 525 Lymphocyte count, 1732t Lymphocyte transformation tests, autoimmune audiovestibular dysfunction and, 208 Lymphocyte-white blood cell count ratio, differentiation of tonsillitis from mononucleosis and, 228 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, 1380–1381 Lymphocytic colitis, 650 Lymphocytic meningitis, benign recurrent (Mollaret meningitis), 1351 Lymphocytosis, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 521, 522 Lymphoepithelioma, nasopharyngeal, 223 Lymphogranuloma venereum, 659, 1461 Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic, 1359, 1363 Lymphoma, 524–532, 524t, 1610t. See also Burkitt lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; NonHodgkin lymphoma B cell. See B cell lymphoma in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 623 cerebral, 990t in HIV infection/AIDS, 990t, 992– 993, 1327, 1332, 1338t classification of, 524, 524t cutaneous T cell (mycosis fungoides), 115–116 exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 fever/FUO and, 1277, 1596t follicular, 524, 525 stem cell transplantation for, 533 gastric, 1618–1619 H pylori infection and, 525, 609, 1618, 1618–1619 head and neck, 240–241 high-grade, 525 in HIV infection/AIDS, 241, 990t, 992– 993, 1322, 1326, 1327, 1332, 1338t incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t of kidney, 1642 large cell (Richter syndrome), 522 lymphoblastic, 525 mantle cell, 522, 525 marginal zone, 525, 1618, 1619 methotrexate causing, 829 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma) Crohn disease and, 643 gastric, 525, 1618–1619 H pylori infection and, 525, 609, 1618, 1618–1619 of thyroid, 1128, 1131, 1134
nose and paranasal sinus involvement and, 223 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t pemphigus and, 138 primary central nervous system, 525 primary effusion (body cavity), 1367 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 small intestine, 1620 stem cell transplantation for, 525, 526, 532 T cell. See Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus; T cell lymphoma testicular, 1642 of thyroid, 1128, 1131, 1134 Lymphopenia, idiopathic, 1382 Lymphoproliferative disorder, posttransplant, 1277, 1362, 1363 Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer/ HNPCC), 656–657, 1622 endometrial carcinoma and, 656, 657, 759 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 small intestine adenocarcinoma in, 1620 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)LSD, 1084, 1583 M2 inhibitors (amantadine/rimantadine), influenza/influenza resistance and, 23, 1354t, 1396, 1398, 1399 M184V mutation, antiretroviral drug resistance and, 1349 M918T gene mutation, medullary thyroid carcinoma and, 1133 M-protein, 528 Ma huang (ephedra), toxicity of, 1578t MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections. See Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections), avium complex Machupo virus, 1384, 1385 Macroglobulinemia neuropathy associated with, 1023 Waldenström. See Waldenström macroglobulinemia Macrolides. See also specific agent and Erythromycin for pharyngitis, 229, 1420 for pneumonia, 273, 273t resistance to, 274 Macrophages, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1322 Macroprolactin/macroprolactinemia/ macroprolactinoma, 1102, 1103, 1103–1104, 1104 Macropsia, intracranial tumors causing, 990 Macular degeneration, age-related, 180– 181 Maculopathy/macular edema age-related, 181 diabetic, 185, 185f, 1223 retinal vein occlusion causing, 182 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210
index Mad cow disease (vCJD/bovine spongiform encephalopathy), 1381–1382, 1382 Maddrey discriminant function index, in alcoholic liver disease, 681 MADH4 gene in familial juvenile polyposis, 655 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 Maduromycosis, 1540 Magnesium dietary/supplementary for hypocalcemia, 883 for hypomagnesemia, 888 for hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 1135–1136, 1137 requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 restriction of in chronic kidney disease, 888 in ventricular tachycardia, 391, 1564 disorders of concentration of, 887–888, 887t. See also Hypermagnesemia; Hypomagnesemia genetic disorders and, 878t in hypocalcemia, 882, 883, 887 potassium balance/hypokalemia and, 878, 879, 887, 888 serum/plasma levels of calcium serum levels and, 882, 883, 887 reference/normal values for, 887, 1732t urinary excretion of, in hypomagnesemia, 888 Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (struvite) urinary stones, 946, 947, 949 Magnesium chloride. See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary Magnesium citrate, for constipation/ bowel cleansing, 571, 572t Magnesium hydroxide, 571, 572t Magnesium oxide. See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary Magnesium salicylate, 78t choline, 77t Magnesium sulfate for asthma, 256 for eclampsia, 794, 795 hypermagnesemia and, 794, 888 for hypomagnesemia, 888 for hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 1137 for preterm labor prevention, 796 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in carotid occlusive disease, 469 in peripheral artery aneurysms, 476 in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917 in visceral artery insufficiency, 471 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), 665 in biliary stricture, 708 in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608
in pancreatitis, 714, 716 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 Magnetic resonance elastography, in liver disease/cirrhosis, 687 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). See also specific disorder and Neuroimaging in ACL injury, 1698 for breast cancer evaluation/screening, 16, 727, 729–730, 743 in cancer-related spinal cord compression, 1644 cardiac in angina, 354 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 412t, 414, 416 in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in infective myocarditis, 410 in myocardial infarction, 366 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 300 in liver disease/jaundice, 664, 665 in meniscal injuries, 1700 in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673–1674 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 712–713 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168 in prostate cancer, 1631 in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 for rotator cuff evaluation, 1680 in seizure evaluation, 971 in thyroid cancer evaluation/ surveillance, 1129 Mahaim fibers, in preexcitation syndromes, 383 Maisonneuve fracture, 1704 Major depressive disorder, 1063. See also Depression Malabsorption, 621–627, 621t. See also specific disorder or cause bacterial overgrowth causing, 624–625 in celiac disease, 621–623 in Crohn disease, 643 diarrhea caused by, 574t, 578, 579, 579f, 580, 621t flatus and, 573 HIV infection/AIDS, 1325, 1330 hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis and, 949 in lactase deficiency, 626–627 in protein-losing enteropathy, 632 in scleroderma, 839 in short bowel syndrome, 625–626 vitamin D deficiency and, 1012, 1149 in Whipple disease, 623–624 Malar rash in dermatomyositis, 840, 840f in SLE, 833 Malaria, 1490–1499 cerebral, 1491 congenital, 1490 drug resistance in, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1494t, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1498t laboratory findings in, 1491–1492, 1491f during pregnancy, 1490
CMDT 2013
1859
treatment/chemoprophylaxis and, 787, 1498 prevention of, 1497–1498, 1498t. See also Antimalarial agents self-treatment and, 1498 severe, 1490, 1490–1491, 1493, 1494t, 1497 treatment of, 1492–1497, 1492t, 1493t, 1494t. See also Antimalarial agents nonimmune populations and, 1493 vaccine development and, 1497–1498 Malarone (atovaquone plus proguanil), 1492t, 1494t, 1497 for chemoprophylaxis, 1497, 1498, 1498t self treatment and, 1498 Malassezia furfur seborrheic dermatitis in HIV caused by, 1331 tinea versicolor caused by, 113 Malathion lotion, for pediculosis, 148 Malathion poisoning, 1587 Male breast carcinoma of, 745–746 enlargement of. See Gynecomastia Male erectile dysfunction. See Erectile dysfunction/impotence Male infertility. See Infertility Malignancy-related DIC, 545, 546 Malignant ascites, 588, 590–591, 1645, 1646 Malignant effusions, 1645–1646. See also specific type Malignant external otitis, 200–201 earache in, 200, 206 Malignant hypertension, 460 headache in, 41 Malignant hypertensive retinopathy, 186 Malignant hyperthermia, 35, 1283, 1565 Malignant melanoma. See Melanoma Malignant neoplastic disease. See Cancer Malignant pleural mesothelioma, 1602–1603 Malingering, psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure and, 971–972 Mallory bodies, in alcoholic liver disease, 681 Mallory-Denk bodies, in alcoholic liver disease, 681 Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears, 568, 581, 582, 599–600 Malnutrition. See also Nutritional disorders alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis and, 680, 681, 687 in anorexia nervosa, 1262 in elderly, 69–70 neuropathy associated with, 1023 protein–energy, 1257–1258 Malocclusion (dental) earache and, 206 facial pain and, 968 MALT lymphoma (MALToma) Crohn disease and, 643 gastric, 525, 1618–1619 H pylori infection and, 525, 609, 1618, 1618–1619 thyroid, 1128, 1131, 1134
1860
CMDT 2013
Maltese crosses, 927 Maltitol, 1205 Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Mammaprint, breast cancer prognosis and, 734, 736 Mammographic localization biopsy, 729 Mammography, 15t, 16, 724, 724–725, 729, 1708 breast implants and, 721 in breast lump evaluation, 15t, 16, 718, 724, 724–725, 727, 728f, 729, 1708, 1718, 1718–1719 computerized stereotactic guided core needle biopsy and, 729 digital, 16, 725 estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183 localization biopsy and, 729 mastalgia evaluation and, 1717 pregnancy and, 730, 807, 1718 Mammoplasty, augmentation. See Breast implants Mandibular advancement appliances, for snoring, 231 Mania/manic episodes, 1062, 1063–1064, 1072–1075 drug therapy for, 1072–1075, 1074t ECT for, 1071 schizophrenia differentiated from, 1055 sleep disorders and, 1076 Mannitol for ciguatera poisoning, 1589 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872, 874 lithium interactions and, 1074t for liver failure, 673 as sweetening agent, 1205 Manometry anal, 660 esophageal, 593 in achalasia, 605 in motility disorders, 606 Mansonella/Mansonella perstans, filariasis caused by, 1525, 1526 Mantle cell lymphoma, 522, 525 bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 525, 532 Mantoux test, 282, 283t. See also Tuberculin skin test MAO inhibitors (MAOIs). See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Maple bark stripper’s disease, 310t Maprotiline, 1070t Marasmus/marasmus-like secondary protein–energy malnutrition, 1257–1258 Maraviroc, 1342t, 1346, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART Marburg virus/hemorrhagic fever, 1384, 1385 Marfan syndrome, 1670–1671 aortic disorders (dissection/aneurysm/ regurgitation) in, 345, 428, 431, 474, 1670, 1671 pregnancy and, 431 sudden death and, 431 mitral valve prolapse and, 340, 1670 Marginal blepharitis, 110, 163–164
index Marginal zone lymphoma, 525, 1618, 1619, 1620 Marijuana, 1084–1085 for AIDS wasting, 1325 legal issues in use of, 1325 for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569. See also Dronabinol in pain management, 85 MARS. See Molecular adsorbent recirculating system Mask of pregnancy, 155, 156 Masochism, sexual, 1050 Mast cell stabilizers/mediator inhibitors. See also Cromolyn; Nedocromil for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 250, 251t Mastalgia (breast pain), 1716–1717 in cancer, 726, 730, 1716, 1717 in fibrocystic condition, 718, 719, 1718, 1719 Mastectomy, 735–736 arm edema after, 744 breast reconstruction/implants after, 721, 736, 744–745 recurrence and, 721, 744 for inflammatory carcinoma, 730 local recurrence after, 744 in male, 746 for noninvasive (ductal/lobular) carcinoma, 733 for phyllodes tumor of breast, 719 prophylactic, 723 Masticatory (jaw) claudication, in giant cell arteritis, 846 Mastitis, puerperal, 721, 797–798 candidal, 132 Mastoidectomy, 204 Mastoiditis, 203, 204 Match test, in cough evaluation, 22 Maternal age, Down syndrome and, 1666 Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), 1195 Matulane. See Procarbazine Maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY), 1193t, 1194–1195 hepatocellular adenoma and, 702 Mavik. See Trandolapril Maxillary sinusitis, 215 Maximal oxygen uptake, lung cancer surgery and, 1599 Maxipime. See Cefepime Maxzide. See Triamterene, with hydrochlorothiazide Maze procedure, 338 Mazindol, for obesity, 1260 Mazzotti test, for onchocerciasis, 1527 MC2R, familial glucocorticoid deficiency and, 1156 MC4R gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 McCune-Albright syndrome, 1100, 1190 MCH. See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC. See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCKD1/MCKD2 genes, in medullary sponge kidney, 935 MCL. See Medial collateral ligament McMurray test, 1696t, 1700 MCTD. See Mixed connective tissue disease
MCV. See Mean cell/corpuscular volume MCV/MCV4 vaccine. See Meningococcal vaccine MDIs. See Metered-dose inhalers MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), 1086, 1572 hyponatremia caused by, 872, 1572 seizures caused by, 1565t MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone), 1572 MDR. See Multidrug resistance MDRD (Modification of Diet and Renal Disease) equation, for GFR estimation, 901 MDRTB. See Multidrug resistance, in tuberculosis MDS. See Myelodysplastic syndromes MDV3100, for prostate cancer, 1637 Meal replacement diets, 1260 “Meals on Wheels” mnemonic, 37, 37t Mean cell/corpuscular volume (MCV), 1732t alcohol use/abuse and, 1081 in anemia classification, 490, 491t. See also specific disorder Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 1732t Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), 1732t Measles (rubeola), 1357t, 1367–1370 atypical, 1356t, 1367–1368 prevention/immunization and, 1367, 1369. See also MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine Measles encephalitis, 1368, 1369 Measles immune globulin, 1369 Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. See MMR (measles-mumpsrubella) vaccine Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV), 1360, 1369, 1371 Measles vaccine, 1367, 1369. See also MMR (measles-mumpsrubella) vaccine Meat bovine spongiform encephalopathy/ variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and, 1382 brucellosis and, 1449 contaminated, in sarcocystosis, 1507 E coli gastroenteritis and, 1293, 1447 gnathostomiasis and, 1522 sparganosis and, 1516 tapeworm infection and, 1514 toxoplasmosis and, 1500, 1502 trichinosis and, 1521, 1522 Mebendazole for ascariasis, 1517 for enterobiasis/pinworms, 1520 for hookworm disease, 1518 for hydatid disease, 1516 for trichinosis, 1522 for trichuriasis/whipworm, 1518 Mecasermin, for Laron syndrome, 1097 Mechanical ventilation for ARDS, 323 for asthma, 258f, 259 complications of, 321
index for COPD, 264 for near drowning, 1556 pneumonia and, 275–278, 277t, 321 for respiratory failure, 320, 321 for shock, 486 tracheotomy for, 238 withdrawal of, in end-of-life care, 91, 91t Mechanic’s hands, 841 Mechlorethamine, 1650t Meclizine, 569 Meclofenamate, 78t Meclomen. See Meclofenamate Medial collateral ligament, 1692 injury of, 1695–1696t, 1698–1699 Medial epicondylosis, 1687–1688 Medial meniscus, 1692. See also Meniscal cartilage, of knee Median nerve compression, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 823, 1688 Mediastinal lymph node biopsy, in lung cancer, 1597 Mediastinal masses, 291–292 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 Mediastinal widening, drug-induced, 312t Mediastinitis in histoplasmosis, 1532 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 Mediator inhibitors. See also Cromolyn; Nedocromil for asthma, 250, 251t Medical imaging. See also specific disorder and under Radiation radiation exposure and, 1554, 1555 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 Medical interview, 1 Medical marijuana. See Marijuana Medication overuse headache, 966 Medications. See also under Drug adherence to regimen for, 1–2. See also Adherence/nonadherence Medicinal herbs. See Botanical (herbal) medicines Mediterranean diet, 14, 1252 Mediterranean fever, familial, 591 Mediterranean spotted fever, 1409t, 1414 Medrol Dosepak. See Methylprednisolone Medroxyprogesterone for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for contraceptive injection, 773 for endometriosis, 761 in hormone replacement therapy, 779, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185 for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 for psychosexual disorders, 1051 Medullary cystic kidney, 934t Medullary sponge kidney, 934t, 935–936 Medulloblastoma, 990t Mefenamic acid, 78t Mefloquine, 1492t, 1494t, 1495 with artesunate, 1493t, 1495, 1496 for chemoprophylaxis, 1495, 1498, 1498t rabies vaccination and, 1315 MEFV gene, 591 Megace. See Megestrol Megacolon in Chagas disease, 1487
toxic acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) differentiated from, 628 in ulcerative colitis, 649 Megaesophagus, in Chagas disease, 1487 Megakaryocytes in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 Megaloblastic anemia, 490, 491t in celiac disease, 622 folic acid deficiency causing, 499, 799 subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and, 1013 vitamin B12 deficiency causing, 498 fish tapeworm infection and, 1514 Megestrol for AIDS wasting, 1325 for breast cancer, 740t in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t corticosteroid activity of, 1190 for elderly, 70 Meglitinide analogs, for diabetes mellitus, 1206t, 1208 Meglumine antimonate, for leishmaniasis, 1489 Meibomian gland abscess of (internal hordeolum), 163 inflammation of blepharitis and, 163, 164 chalazion and, 163, 163f Melancholia, 1063. See also Depression Melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), familial glucocorticoid deficiency and, 1156 Melanocytic nevi (normal moles), 100, 100f Melanoma, 102–103, 102f, 1612t atypical nevi and, 100–101 blue nevi and, 101 familial, 101 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t intraoral, 224 in MEN, 1189 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 yellow fever virus vaccine and, 1390 Melanosis, arsenical, 155, 1575 Melarsoprol, for African trypanosomiasis, 1485, 1485t MELAS syndrome, 1036 hypoparathyroidism in, 1136 Melasma (chloasma), 155, 156 oral contraceptive use and, 155, 773 MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score, 691–692, 692t in alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis, 682, 691–692, 692t hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1605 in liver failure, 673 postoperative complications and, 52 Melena, 580, 584 in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis (gastropathy), 607 in GI bleeding, 580, 584, 617 in peptic ulcer disease, 617 Melioidosis, 1300t Mellaril. See Thioridazine Melody percutaneous pulmonary valve, 350 Melphalan, 1650t
CMDT 2013
1861
Memantine, for dementia, 61, 1009 Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/ glomerulonephropathy, 919t, 920t, 921f, 925 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 919t, 926 idiopathic, 919t, 925 Membranous nephropathy, 920t, 929–930 hepatitis C infection and, 671, 926 Memory impairment. See also Amnesia in dementia/delirium, 59, 60–61, 1006, 1088 ECT causing, 1071 head injury and, 1016 in mild cognitive impairment, 60–61 MEN. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN1 gene mutation, 1188 thyroid tumors and, 1127, 1189, 1190 Menarche, 1179 age at, 1179 breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t, 1708 failure of. See Amenorrhea Mendelson syndrome, 308, 1283 Menest, 1184 Ménétrier disease (hypertrophic gastropathy), 610 Ménière syndrome (endolymphatic hydrops), 208, 210, 210t hearing loss and, 208, 210, 210t menin gene, in MEN 1, 1188 Meningeal irritation, noninfectious, 1287 Meningeal leukemia, 520 Meningiomas, 989, 990t, 991 Meningismus, 1287. See also specific infection Meningitis, 1302t. See also Meningoencephalitis in anthrax, 1432 aseptic/viral, 1286, 1286t. See also specific causative agent and Aseptic meningitis bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216, 1442 benign recurrent lymphocytic (Mollaret), 1351 carcinomatous (leptomeningeal metastases), 992, 1287 chronic, 1285 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532, 1533 coxsackieviruses causing, 1286, 1406 cryptococcal, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 prophylaxis of, 1536 CSF analysis in, 1286t, 1287 echoviruses causing, 1286, 1407 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 H influenzae causing, 1442 headache in, 41, 42, 962, 966 health care-associated, 1287, 1288, 1302t herpes simplex, 1286, 1351, 1352, 1355 in HIV infection/AIDS (cryptococcal), 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 prophylaxis of, 1536 leptospiral, 1286, 1477 in listeriosis, 1302t, 1434 in Lyme disease, 1023, 1286, 1479, 1481 meningococcal, 1302t, 1441–1442 prevention/immunization and, 1315, 1441–1442. See also Meningococcal vaccine
1862
CMDT 2013
Meningitis, (Cont.): in mumps, 1286, 1370, 1371 otogenic, 205 in paragonimiasis, 1513 parechovirus infection causing, 1408 in plague, 1451 pneumococcal, 1302t, 1424–1425 prevention of. See Pneumococcal vaccine in poliomyelitis (nonparalytic), 1372, 1373 purulent/bacterial, 1285, 1286t, 1288, 1302t partially treated, 1286–1287 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in syphilis, 1286, 1469, 1472 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 in toxocariasis, 1523 tuberculous, 1459–1460 viral. See Meningitis, aseptic Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) infections, 1299t drug resistance and, 1442 meningitis, 1302t, 1441–1442 prevention/immunization and. See Meningococcal vaccine Meningococcal vaccine, 1308t, 1309t, 1312t, 1441–1442 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1442 pregnancy and, 1309t for travelers, 1315 Meningococcemia, 1357t, 1441 adrenal crisis and (WaterhouseFriderichsen syndrome), 1154 Meningoencephalitis, 1286t. See also Encephalitis; Meningitis acanthamoeba, 1287, 1505–1506, 1506 in African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485 amebic, 1287, 1505–1506 in American trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, 1486 in angiostrongyliasis, 1522 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 travel and, 1297 Meningomyeloencephalitis, enterovirus 68 causing, 1408 Meningovascular syphilis, 1472. See also Neurosyphilis Meniscal cartilage, of knee, 1692, 1700 injuries/tears of, 1696–1697t, 1700 Menopause/menopausal syndrome, 779– 780, 1180–1186 age at average, 779, 1181 breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t amenorrhea in, 1180, 1181 early, 1181 estrogen replacement therapy for. See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy libido and, 1050 osteoporosis and, 779, 780, 1145, 1145t, 1146, 1147, 1181, 1710 premature, 779, 1181. See also Ovarian failure
index surgical, 779, 780, 1181 vaginal bleeding after. See Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding Menorrhagia, 747, 748 iron deficiency anemia and, 490–491, 747 IUD use and, 774 Menostar, 1184 Menstruation/menstrual cycle, 747. See also Vaginal bleeding abnormalities of, in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 766, 1162 age of onset of, breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t, 1708 asthma associated with (catamenial asthma), 243 breast pain and, 1716 cessation of, 779. See also Amenorrhea; Menopause depression associated with, 749, 1063 failure to appear. See Amenorrhea in female athlete triad, 1712 iron deficiency anemia and, 490–491, 747 pain associated with. See Dysmenorrhea pneumothorax associated with (catamenial pneumothorax), 316 Mental retardation in Down syndrome, 1666 fragile X, 1667 in homocystinuria, 1669 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669 in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Mental status, altered. See also Cognitive disorders in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 910 head injury and, 1016, 1017 headache and, 42, 963 Mentax. See Butenafine Mepacrine. See Quinacrine Meperidine, 81t MAOI interactions and, 1071t, 1585 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Mephedrone, toxicity of, 1583 Meralgia paresthetica, 1027 Mercaptopurine, 1651t for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 644 ulcerative colitis, 649 Mercury, allergy to, lichen planus-like lesions and, 144 Mercury poisoning, 1566t, 1583–1584 marijuana use and, 1085 Merlin gene, in neurofibromatosis, 996 Meropenem for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455t for pneumonia, 273t Merrem. See Meropenem MERRF syndrome, 1036 Mesalamine, for inflammatory bowel disease, 638, 639 Crohn disease, 642, 644 ulcerative colitis, 647, 647–648, 649 Mescaline, 1084, 1583 Mesenchymal tumors
gastrointestinal, 1619–1620 small intestine and, 1622 osteomalacia/rickets and, 1150 Mesenteric adenitis, adenoviruses causing, 1402 Mesenteric ischemia/mesenteric artery occlusive disease, 470–471 Mesenteric vascular insufficiency, nonocclusive, 470 Mesenteric vasculitis, 847 Mesenteric vein occlusion, 471 Mesna, for hemorrhagic cystitis, 1658t, 1661 Mesnex. See Mesna Mesolethelin-related peptide, in mesothelioma, 1602 Mesothelioma, 311, 591, 1602–1603, 1611t asbestos exposure and, 311, 591, 1602 Metabolic acidosis, 889, 889t, 890–894, 890t, 892t. See also specific type anion gap. See Anion gap/anion gap acidosis dyspnea and, 24 in hypothermia, 1544, 1545 in kidney disease/renal failure, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 914 in near drowning, 1556 nephrolithiasis and, 892 hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 parenteral nutritional support and, 893, 1274t in poisoning/drug overdose, 891, 1569 with methanol or ethylene glycol, 877, 891, 1584 with salicylates, 891, 1588 posthypocapnia, 893, 897 Metabolic alkalosis, 889, 889t, 894–895, 894t alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891, 893 posthypercapnia, 895, 896 saline-responsive, 894, 894–895, 894t saline-unresponsive, 894, 894t, 895 Metabolic bone disease, 1144–1153. See also specific disorder in chronic kidney disease (renal osteodystrophy), 912–913, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1144 Metabolic disturbances antipsychotic drug use and, 1059 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t coma or stupor caused by, 1014, 1015 dysphagia in, 592t neuropathies associated with, 1022–1023 nutritional support and, 893, 1273, 1274–1275, 1274t in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t seizures caused by, 969 Metabolic encephalopathy cancer-related, 994 coma or stupor caused by, 1015 Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X/ insulin resistance syndrome), 13–14, 350, 1196 acne and, 126 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 703
index coronary heart disease/angina and, 350, 351, 360 diabetes and, 1196 dyslipidemia in, 1196, 1200–1201 fatty liver and, 684 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 hypertension and, 436, 1196 hypophosphatemia and, 885 obesity and, 13, 350, 1259 psoriasis and, 108 Metacercariae. See Cercariae/ metacercariae Metaglip. See Glipizide, with metformin Metagonimus species, 1513 Metal amalgams, allergy to, lichen planus-like lesions and, 144 Metanephrines in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167, 1170 reference values for, 1732t, 1733t Metapneumovirus, human, 1393, 1394 Metastron. See Strontium Metered-dose inhalers for asthma therapy, 250, 254t, 255, 256, 257f for COPD therapy, 262, 264 Metformin antipsychotic drug-related weight gain and, 1059 for diabetes mellitus, 1202, 1203, 1206t, 1208–1209, 1220 in combination preparations/ regimens, 1209, 1213 with insulin, 1221 intensive therapy with, 1202, 1203 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 in pregnancy, 801 prevention and, 1202 for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 lactic acidosis caused by, 914, 1209, 1237, 1580 overdose/toxicity of, 1209, 1580 Methacholine bronchial provocation testing, in asthma, 246–247 Methadone, 79, 81t, 1083–1084 for heroin withdrawal/maintenance, 1083–1084, 1084 hypogonadism caused by, 1096 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 for pain management, 79, 81t Methamphetamine, 18, 1085, 1572 Methanol poisoning, 1566t, 1569t, 1584 anion gap/osmolar gap in, 877, 891, 1569, 1569t, 1584 ethanol for, 1566t, 1584 hemodialysis for, 1568t, 1584 Methcathinone, 1572 Methemalbuminemia, in hemolytic anemia, 500 Methemoglobinemia, 1569t, 1584–1585 reference values in, 1733t Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) infections, 5, 1299t. See also Community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus arthritis, 858, 859 cellulitis, 137 community-acquired pneumonia, 273, 273t
endocarditis and, 1439 furunculosis, 151 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 impetigo, 123 in mastitis, 798 skin/soft tissue infections, 1425, 1425f, 1426 surgical site infection, 56 Methimazole autoimmune hypoglycemia and, 1243 for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1114–1115, 1115 amiodarone-induced, 1117 during pregnancy/lactation, 800, 1117 RAI therapy and, 1115 thyroid crisis/storm and, 1118 toxic multinodular goiter and, 1116 toxic solitary thyroid nodule and, 1116 Methionine, in homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia, 1668, 1669 Methotrexate, 1651t, 1661–1662, 1723t breastfeeding and, 782t for ectopic pregnancy, 790 for elective abortion, 776 with folinic acid/leucovorin rescue, 829, 1658t, 1661, 1662 for gestational trophoblastic disease, 792 for granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 850 for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 639, 644 for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, 107, 856 for rheumatoid arthritis, 829 in combination regimen, 831 toxicity of, 829, 1651t, 1661–1662 Methyl alcohol. See Methanol Methyl salicylate. See also Salicylates overdose/toxicity of, 1588–1589 Methylcellulose, 572t. See also Fiber, dietary Methylcobalamin, 497. See also Vitamin B12 Methyldopa, 456t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t breastfeeding and, 782t for hypertension, 453, 456t during pregnancy, 453, 802 lithium interactions and, 1074t MAOI interactions and, 1071t overdose/toxicity of, 453, 456t, 1577 Methylene blue, for methemoglobinemia, 1584–1585 Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase homocysteine levels and, 1668–1669 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. See MDMA Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 1572 Methylmalonic acid reference values for, 1733t in vitamin B12 deficiency, 498 Methylnaltrexone, for opioid-induced constipation, 86, 572
CMDT 2013
1863
Methylphenidate abuse/overdose of, 1085 for depression, 1066–1067 for fatigue, 40, 86 for opioid-induced sedation, 79 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6tetrahydopyridine, parkinsonism caused by, 998 Methylprednisolone, 1190t. See also Corticosteroids for alcoholic liver disease, 681 for allergic contact dermatitis, inappropriateness of, 125 for asthma, 251t, 254t, 255, 255t for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 644 ulcerative colitis, 648 for nausea and vomiting, 568t 4-Methylpyrazole. See Fomepizole Methyltestosterone, 1176, 1185 Methylxanthines, for asthma, 252t, 255 Metipranolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Metoclopramide for diabetic autonomic neuropathy, 1226 for dyspepsia, 566 for gastroparesis, 629 for migraine headache, 964 for nausea and vomiting, 84, 86, 568t tardive dyskinesia and, 566, 629 Metolazone for acute tubular necrosis, 906 for heart failure, 401 for hypertension, 445t Metoprolol, 447t for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for arrhythmias, 378t atrial fibrillation, 372, 386 infarct-related, 372 supraventricular tachycardia, 378t, 382 for heart failure, 403 for hypertension, 447t for myocardial infarction, 370 perioperative, 47 for pheochromocytoma, 1170 Metritis, 798, 804. See also Endometritis Metronidazole for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455, 1455t for anaerobic pneumonia/lung abscess, 279, 1455 for antibiotic-associated colitis, 637 for bacterial vaginosis, 753 for Crohn disease, 642, 644 for giardiasis, 1509 in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614t for hepatic encephalopathy, 690 for leg ulcers, 154 for rosacea, 128–129 for trichomoniasis, 753, 1510 Metyrapone, for ACTH-secreting adrenal tumor/adrenocortical carcinoma, 1160 Metyrosine, for pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1171 Mevacor. See Lovastatin
1864
CMDT 2013
Mexiletine, 377, 378t MF59, in CMV vaccine, 1366 Mg. See Magnesium MGUS. See Monoclonal gammopathy, of unknown significance MHA-TP test, 1466, 1466t MI. See Myocardial infarction Mi-2 antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Miacalcin. See Calcitonin MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration), 1301t Micafungin, 1542, 1542t for aspergillosis, 1538 for candidiasis, 1530 Micardis/Micardis HCT. See Telmisartan Mice lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission and, 1380 rickettsialpox transmission and, 1413 MICE mnemonic, in musculoskeletal injuries, 1674 ankle sprains, 1703 Miconazole, 97t for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 752, 1530 Micro-Coombs test. See Coombs test Microalbuminuria, in diabetes/diabetic nephropathy, 931, 1224 glycemic control and, 931, 1201, 1224 Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, 508 thrombotic microangiopathies and, 508, 542, 543, 543t Microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus, 1227 thrombotic, 542–544, 543t Microbes. See Infection/infectious diseases Microchimerism, in painless postpartum thyroiditis, 1120 Microdilution plates, for drug susceptibility testing, 1304 b2-Microglobulin in amyloidosis, 531 in myeloma staging, 529 reference values for, 1727t Microide. See Hydrochlorothiazide Microlithiasis (biliary sludge), 703 pancreatitis and, 711 Micronase. See Glyburide Micronor. See Norethindrone Microprolactinoma, 1102, 1103, 1104 Micropsia, intracranial tumors causing, 990 Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer, 653, 656, 1622 in HNPCC, 656, 657 Microscopic colitis, 574t, 578, 650 Microscopic polyangiitis, 850–851 autoantibodies in, 851 glomerulonephritis and, 851, 907, 921f, 924 granulomatosis with polyangiitis differentiated from, 850, 851 Microscopic urinalysis, 898 Microsporidiosis, 1330, 1506–1508. See also specific causative organism Microsporum infection, tinea corporis/ circinata caused by, 110, 111 Microwave hyperthermia, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961
index Micturition. See Voiding Midamor. See Amiloride Midazolam, 1042t, 1043 for delirium, 86 for seizures, 1565 status epilepticus and, 974 MIDD. See Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness Middle cerebral artery occlusion, in stroke, 981 Middle ear, 203–206 infection of. See Otitis, media neoplasia of, 206 trauma to, 205, 206f Midline malignant reticulosis, 223 Midodrine, for autonomic dysfunction/ diabetic neuropathy, 1021, 1226 Mifepristone (RU 486) for elective abortion, 776 clostridial infection after, 777, 1429 for psychotic depression, 1066 Miglitol, 1206t, 1210, 1211 overdose/toxicity of, 1211, 1580 Miglustat, for Gaucher disease, 1668 Migraine equivalent, 963 Migraine headache, 41, 41t, 42, 962, 962– 966, 965t acupuncture for, 965 nausea and vomiting in, 41, 41t, 567t, 962 oral contraceptive use and, 772 in patent foramen ovale, 329 prophylactic treatment of, 964–965, 964t transient ischemic attacks differentiated from, 978 vertigo/dizziness and, 210t, 212 Migrainous vertigo, 210t, 212 Milan criteria, 1605 Mild cognitive impairment, 60–61, 1005, 1006 Miliaria, 130–131 crystallina/pustulosa/rubra, 131 Milk-alkali syndrome, 883, 884, 895 Milk intolerance. See Lactose (milk) intolerance Milk thistle (silymarin), for mushroom poisoning, 673, 1585 Milker’s nodules (paravaccinia), 1404 Miller Fisher syndrome, 1025 poliomyelitis and, 1373 Milliary tuberculosis, 282 Milrinone, for heart failure, 405 Miltefosine, for leishmaniasis, 1489 Milwaukee protocol, 1376, 1377 Mineral oil for constipation, 572t as skin emollient, 94 Mineral oil enema, 572t Mineralocorticoids. See also Aldosterone apparent excess of genetic mutation and, 437, 878t hypertension and, 437 deficiency of. See also Adrenocortical insufficiency hyperkalemia and, 879 steroidogenic enzyme defects and, 1156, 1162 in metabolic alkalosis, 895
Minerals chronic kidney disease/renal osteodystrophy and, 912– 913, 912f requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 “Mini-cog” screening, in dementia, 60 Mini-Mental State Examination, in dementia, 1006, 1088 self neglect and, 73 Minilaparotomy, for tubal ligation, 777 Minimal change disease, 920t, 928–929 Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1301t Minimally conscious state, 1016 Minimally invasive prostate surgery, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Minipill (progestin), 772t, 773 Minipress. See Prazosin Minnesota tube, for esophageal varices, 603 Minocycline for acne, 127 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 for rosacea, 129 Minoxidil, 456t for androgenetic (pattern) baldness, 156, 1164 in women, 156, 1720 for hypertension, 453, 456t hypertrichosis caused by, 1164, 1720 lower extremity edema caused by, 33 Miotics, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t Miralax. See Polyethylene glycol Mirena IUD, 773–774, 1185 Mirizzi syndrome, 705 Mirtazapine, 1067, 1068, 1070t in elderly, 63 Miscarriage. See Abortion Mismatch repair gene defects, in colorectal cancer/HNPCC, 653, 656 Misolastine, for allergic/perennial rhinitis, 219 Misoprostol for elective abortion, 776 for IUD insertion, 774 for missed abortion, 789 for peptic ulcer disease/NSAID toxicity mitigation, 613, 616, 828–829 Missed abortion, 788, 788–789 Mistreatment (elder), 17, 72–73, 73t Mitchell-Riley syndrome, 1195 Mites atopic dermatitis and, 103 bird and rodent, 149 rickettsialpox and, 1409t, 1413 scrub typhus and, 1409t, 1411 skin lesions and, 149 in stored products, 149 trombiculid, 149 Mithramycin, for cancer-related hypercalcemia, 1647 Mitiglinide, 1206t, 1208 Mitochondrial DNA mutations in diabetes mellitus, 1195 hearing loss and, 207, 1195
index hypoparathyroidism and, 1136 myopathies associated with, 1036 Mitomycin, 1656t for bladder cancer, 1639 Mitotane for ACTH-secreting adrenal tumor/ adrenocortical carcinoma, 1160, 1161 hypothyroidism caused by, 1093 Mitoxantrone, 1656t Mitral clips, for mitral valve prolapse, 341 Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 333, 334–336t, 339–340, 349 interventions affecting murmur in, 337t in Kawasaki syndrome, 1417 mitral valve prolapse and, 339, 340–341 in myocardial infarction, 339, 340, 366 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 secondary, 340 Mitral stenosis, 333, 334–336t, 337–338 pregnancy and, 338 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 Mitral valve parachute, 337 repair of, 349 replacement of, 338, 340, 349. See also Valve replacement in rheumatic fever/heart disease, 337, 417 Mitral valve prolapse (“floppy”/ myxomatous mitral valve), 333, 340–341, 349 interventions affecting murmur in, 337t, 341 in Marfan syndrome, 340, 1670 mitral regurgitation and, 339, 340–341 panic disorder and, 1041 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 Mitral valve rupture, 428 Mittelschmerz appendicitis differentiated from, 631 in symptothermal natural family planning, 775 Mixed acid-base disorders, 889–890 alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891 step-by-step analysis and, 889 Mixed connective tissue disease, 842 Mixed sleep apnea, 318 MLH1 gene, in colorectal cancer/ HNPCC, 653, 656, 1622 MLL gene, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 519 MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine, 1308t, 1309t, 1311t, 1369, 1371, 1375 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t, 1369, 1375 arthritis and, 861, 1375 encephalitis and, 1368 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 4, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1335, 1369 pregnancy and, 1309t, 1369, 1375 MMRV (measles-mumps-rubellavaricella) vaccine, 1360, 1369, 1371 MMSE. See Mini-Mental State Examination
Moban. See Molindone Mobility, reduced. See Immobility Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) atrioventricular block, 394, 394–395 in myocardial infarction, 373 Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, 394, 395 in myocardial infarction, 373 MoCA© in dementia screening, 60 self neglect and, 73 Moclobemide, overdose/toxicity of, 1585 Modafinil for cognitive decline in cancer survivors, 744 for fatigue, 86 in multiple sclerosis, 1011 for sleep disorders, 1077 Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, 691–692, 692t in alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis, 682, 691–692, 692t hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1605 in liver failure, 673 postoperative complications and, 52 Modification of Diet and Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, for GFR estimation, 901 Modified Duke criteria, for endocarditis, 1436–1437 Modified McMurray test, 1697t, 1700 Moduretic. See Amiloride, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide MODY. See Maturity-onset diabetes of young Moexipril, 450t with hydrochlorothiazide, 450t Mohs surgery for basal cell carcinoma, 142 for eyelid tumors, 164 for squamous cell carcinoma, 143 Moisturizers (skin)/emollients, 94, 98–99t Molar pregnancy. See Hydatidiform mole Molds, opportunistic infections caused by, 1281, 1540–1541 Mole, hydatidiform. See Hydatidiform mole Mole (skin). See also Nevi atypical (atypical nevus), 100–101, 100f benign, 100, 100f changes in, melanoma and, 102 normal, 100, 100f Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) for hepatorenal syndrome, 689 for liver failure, 673 for Wilson disease, 697 Molindone, 1056 Mollaret meningitis, 1351 Molluscum contagiosum, 141–142, 141f, 1404 in HIV infection/AIDS, 141, 142, 1331, 1404 Mometasone inhaled, for asthma, 253t intranasal, for allergic rhinitis, 218 topical, for dermatologic disorders, 96t Monge disease, 1559 Monkeypox, 1404
CMDT 2013
1865
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 1069, 1069t, 1070t drug/food interactions of, 1000, 1069, 1069t, 1071t, 1585 serotonin syndrome and, 1067, 1565, 1585 overdose/toxicity of, 1069, 1070t, 1585 ophthalmic effects and, 196t for parkinsonism, 1000 for phobic disorder, 1044 Monoclonal antibodies in cancer chemotherapy, 1653–1654t in new-onset type 1 diabetes, 1202 in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 1383 for psoriasis, 108 Monoclonal gammopathy motor syndromes in, 1020 of unknown significance (MGUS), 528, 529 amyloidosis and, 531 Monoclonal protein. See also Paraproteins in myeloma, 527–528, 528, 936 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529, 530 Monocular blindness, transient, 184, 469 Monocyte count, 1733t Monocytic ehrlichiosis, 1409t, 1414–1415 Monomethylhydrazine mushroom poisoning, 1585–1586, 1586t Mononeuritis multiplex, 1021–1026. See also Neuropathies in diabetes mellitus, 1225 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023 in Lyme disease, 1479 microscopic polyangiitis and, 851 polyarteritis nodosa and, 847, 1024 Mononeuropathies, 1020, 1026–1029. See also Mononeuritis multiplex; Neuropathies in diabetes, 1022, 1225 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1328 in sarcoidosis, 1024 Monongahela virus, 1388 Mononucleosis CMV, 1362, 1364 drugs causing illness similar to, 161 Epstein-Barr virus, 228, 1357t, 1361–1362, 1361f meningitis in, 1286 pharyngitis in, 228, 1361, 1362, 1419 Mononucleosis spot (Monospot) test, 1362 Monopril/Monopril HCT. See Fosinopril Montelukast for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 252t, 253 Montenegro (leishmanin) skin test, 1488 Montgomery-Asberg rating scale, assessment of suicidal intent and, 1065 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA©), in dementia screening, 60, 1006 self neglect and, 73 Mood disorders, 1062–1075. See also Depression; Mania dementia and, 1006, 1009 Moraxella/Moraxella catarrhalis infections, 1299t, 1443 keratitis, 172
1866
CMDT 2013
Morbilliform skin disorders, 95t Morganella, 1300t Moricizine, toxicity of, 377 Morning sickness. See Vomiting, of pregnancy Morphea, 839 Morphine, 79, 82t for dyspnea, 86, 264 for myocardial infarction, 370 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 ophthalmic effects and, 196t for pulmonary edema, 408 left ventricular/infarct-related, 373 de Morsier syndrome (septo-optic dysplasia), 1093 Mosaicism Klinefelter syndrome and, 1174 Turner syndrome and, 1186, 1187 Mosquitoes/mosquito control chikungunya fever and, 1392, 1393 dengue and, 1386, 1387 encephalitis and, 1378 filariasis and, 1524, 1526 malaria and, 1490, 1497, 1498 yellow fever and, 1389, 1390 Moths, skin lesions caused by, 149 Motility disorders. See also specific disorder colonic, constipation and, 570, 570t esophageal, 604–606 chest pain/discomfort in, 355, 606 dysphagia in, 592, 592t, 605–606 intestinal, 627–630. See also Intestinal obstruction diarrhea and, 574t, 578 in irritable bowel syndrome, 633 in scleroderma, 838 vomiting and, 567t, 568 Motivational interview, at-risk drinking and, 1081 Motor activity, in schizophrenia/ psychotic disorders, 1054 Motor conduction velocity studies. See Conduction velocity studies Motor neuron diseases, 977, 1019–1020 spasticity caused by, 977, 1012, 1019, 1020 spinal trauma and, 1018 weakness/paralysis caused by, 977, 1019, 1020 Motor palsies, ocular, 190–191 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 Motor tics, in Tourette syndrome, 1004–1005 Motor vehicle accidents. See Automobile accidents Motrin. See Ibuprofen Mountain sickness acute, 1558–1559 chronic (Monge disease), 1559 subacute, 1559 Mouth. See Oral cavity Movement disorders, 997–1005. See also specific type drug-induced, 1004 in Wilson disease, 696, 1004 MoviPrep. See Polyethylene glycol Moxalactam, platelet function affected by, 549t
index Moxifloxacin for anaerobic infections, 1455, 1455t for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216t for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t, 1455 6-MP. See Mercaptopurine MPGN. See Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis MPL mutation, in primary myelofibrosis, 514 MPO-ANCA. See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; Myeloperoxidase ANCA M-protein, 528 MPSV4 vaccine. See Meningococcal vaccine MPTP, parkinsonism caused by, 998 MRA. See Magnetic resonance angiography MRCP. See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging MRSA infections. See Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) infections MS Contin. See Morphine MSH2/MSH6 genes, in HNPCC, 656 MSI. See Microsatellite instability mTOR expression, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 mTOR inhibitors, 1654t for breast cancer, 741 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 MTX. See Methotrexate Mucin tear deficiency, 166 Mucocutaneous (mucosal) candidiasis, 131–132, 131f, 1529, 1530 Mucocutaneous herpes simplex, 1350–1351, 1351f, 1352 Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia), 1487, 1488, 1489 Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease), 428, 1357t, 1417–1418 Mucor infection, 217, 1538 Mucormycosis, 1538 rhinocerebral, 217 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. See MALT lymphoma Mucosal associated lymphoid tumors. See MALT lymphoma Mucosal biopsy in celiac disease, 622 in diarrhea, 579 in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616, 1617 in Whipple disease, 624 Mucosal protective agents, for peptic ulcer disease, 613 Mucositis, oral, chemotherapy/radiation causing, 1554, 1660 Mucous membranes radiation exposure affecting, 1554 in syphilis, 1467, 1469, 1469f, 1471 Multibacillary (lepromatous) leprosy, 1460. See also Leprosy Multidetector CT in chest pain/discomfort, 29–30 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 299 in polyp/cancer detection, 653, 1628
Multidrug resistance. See also Drug resistance health care-associated infections and, 1283 in tuberculosis, 280, 285 Multifocal atrial tachycardia, 389 Multinodular (nodular) goiter, 1123–1126, 1124t, 1134, 1135. See also Goiter toxic, 1111, 1114, 1116 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), 1188–1190, 1188t type 1 (Wermer syndrome), 1188–1189, 1188t follicular thyroid carcinoma and, 1127 gastric carcinoids in, 1619 gastrinomas in, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 insulinoma in, 1172, 1189, 1239, 1241 islet cell tumors in, 1171, 1172, 1189, 1239, 1241 neuroendocrine tumors in, 1171, 1172, 1189 parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in, 1138, 1141, 1144, 1188–1189, 1188t, 1189 pituitary adenomas in, 1093, 1100, 1188t, 1189 prolactinomas in, 1102, 1189 type 2A (Sipple syndrome), 1188t, 1189 medullary thyroid carcinoma in, 1123, 1127, 1131, 1133, 1188t, 1189 parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in, 1138–1139, 1188t, 1189 pheochromocytoma in, 1167, 1188t, 1189 type 2B, 1188t, 1189–1190 medullary thyroid carcinoma in, 1123, 1127, 1131, 1133, 1188t, 1189–1190 parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in, 1138, 1188t pheochromocytoma in, 1167, 1188t, 1189 Multiple marker screening, in Down syndrome, 1666 Multiple myeloma. See Myeloma Multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder), 1041 Multiple sclerosis, 213, 1010–1012 glossopharyngeal neuralgia and, 968 optic neuritis and, 188, 189 trigeminal neuralgia and, 967 vertigo/hearing loss in, 210t, 213 Multisystem atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome) dysautonomia and, 975 parkinsonism and, 998 Multitarget DNA tests, in colorectal cancer screening/polyp detection, 653, 1626t, 1627 Mumps, 1370–1372, 1370f prevention/immunization and, 1371. See also MMR (measlesmumps-rubella) vaccine
index Mumps vaccine, 1371. See also MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine Munchausen by proxy, 1046 Munchausen syndrome, 1046 Mupirocin, 97t, 123, 130, 217 Mural thrombus, myocardial infarction and, 375 Murine (flea-borne) typhus, 1409t, 1410– 1411 Murmurs. See Heart murmurs Murphy sign, in cholecystitis, 703t, 704 Murray Valley encephalitis, 1378 Mus musculus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission and, 1380 Muscarine, poisoning with mushrooms containing, 1586t Muscimol, poisoning with mushrooms containing, 1586t Muscle biopsy in motor neuron diseases, 1020 in muscular dystrophy, 1034 in polyarteritis nodosa, 848 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 841 in trichinosis, 1522 Muscle cramps. See also Tetany heat exposure causing, 1547–1548 in hypocalcemia, 882 Muscle cysticercosis, 1515 Muscle necrosis, in rhabdomyolysis, 844 Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies, in myasthenia gravis, 1032 Muscle wasting. See also Weakness in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 in malabsorption, 621t in motor neuron disease, 977, 1019, 1020 in muscular dystrophy, 1034 Muscle weakness. See Myopathies; Weakness Muscular dystrophies, 1034, 1035t cardiomyopathy in, 427 Musculoskeletal disorders, 809–844, 1673– 1705. See also specific type ankle injuries and, 1703–1705, 1703t, 1704t arthritis crystal deposition-induced, 812–817, 813f, 813t, 815t degenerative, 809–812, 811f infectious, 858–861 rheumatoid, 826–831, 826f, 827f autoimmune, 826–844 bone infections, 861–864 chest pain/discomfort and, 29 chronic pelvic pain and, 1715, 1716 diagnosis and evaluation of, 809, 810t, 811t dysphagia in, 592t general approach to, 1673–1674 hip problems, 1689–1692, 1690t knee problems, 1692–1703, 1693t, 1694–1697t in Lyme disease, 1479 pain/pain syndromes and, 817–826, 1673, 1674 seronegative spondyloarthropathies, 854–858
shoulder problems, 1674–1683, 1676– 1680t spine problems, 1683–1687, 1684t, 1687t sports injuries and, 1673–1705 surgery for, 1674 in syphilis, 1471 treatment of, 1674 in trichinosis, 1521 in tuberculosis, 285, 863–864 upper extremity problems, 1687–1689, 1689t Musculotendinous strain, cervical, acute, 817–818 Mushroom picker’s disease, 310t Mushroom poisoning, 1585–1586, 1586t anticholinergic-type mushrooms and, 1575, 1583 hallucinogenic mushrooms and, 1583, 1586t liver failure and, 673, 674, 1585 MuSK antibodies, in myasthenia gravis, 1032 Musset sign, 344 Mustargen. See Mechlorethamine Mutamycin. See Mitomycin Mutations. See also specific type and specific disorder Mutism akinetic (persistent vegetative state), 1016 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1053, 1054 Myasthenia gravis, 1032–1033 aminoglycosides contraindicated in, 1032, 1034 in Graves disease, 1113 ocular, 1113 Myasthenic crisis, 1032 Myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome, 1033 in cancer, 995, 1033, 1596t Mycamine. See Micafungin Mycetoma, 1540 Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections), 1300t, 1458–1461 abscessus, 288, 1458 avium complex (MAC), 287, 1300t, 1338t disseminated disease caused by, 1458–1459 in HIV infection/AIDS, 288, 1324, 1338t, 1458–1459 prophylaxis and, 1324, 1337, 1339, 1459 lymphadenitis caused by, 1458 pulmonary disease caused by, 287, 1458 bovis BCG vaccine made from, 287 intestinal disease caused by, 631 lymphadenitis caused by, 1458 chelonae/chelonei, 288, 1300t, 1458 fortuitum, 288, 1300t, 1458 gordonae, 1458 haemophilum, 1458 kansasii, 287, 288, 1300t, 1458 leprae, 1300t, 1460 lymphadenitis, 240, 1458
CMDT 2013
1867
malmoense, 288, 1458 marinum, 1458 meningitis, 1286t nontuberculous atypical, 287, 1458–1459. See also Nontuberculous atypical mycobacteria lymphadenitis caused by, 240, 1458 pulmonary disease caused by, 287–289, 289t, 1458 skin and soft tissue infections caused by, 1458 scrofulaceum, 1458 szulgai, 1458 tuberculosis, 279–287, 1300t, 1459– 1460. See also Tuberculosis bone and joint disease caused by, 285, 863–864 detection of, 280–282, 281t intestinal disease caused by, 631 lymphadenitis caused by, 240, 1458 meningitis caused by, 1459–1460 pulmonary disease caused by, 279–287, 281t, 282f, 283t, 284t, 289t resistant strains of, 280, 281, 281t, 285, 286 ulcerans, 1458 xenopi, 288, 1458 Mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune hepatitis, 680 lupus nephritis, 834, 926 for pemphigus, 139 Mycoplasma, 1301t cough caused by, 23 genitalium, 1461 pneumoniae, 1302t, 1303t Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by, 134 Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma), 115–116 exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 Mycotic aneurysms drug use and, 1292 intracranial, 986 Mycotic infections (mycoses), 1529–1542. See also Fungal infections allergic bronchopulmonary, 266–267, 1537, 1538 of bones and joints, 862–863 drugs for management of, 97–98t, 1541–1542, 1541–1542t. See also Antifungal agents superficial, 110–114, 110f, 111f, 113f. See also Tinea in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 Myelinolysis, central pontine, hyponatremia treatment and, 874 Myelitis in CMV infection, 1364 in coxsackievirus infection, 1406 in neuromyelitis optica, 1012 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 Myelodysplastic syndromes, 517–519 aplastic anemia differentiated from, 508–509 platelets affected in, 518, 549t rheumatic manifestations of, 864–865
1868
CMDT 2013
Myelodysplastic syndromes (Cont.): sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia and, 496, 497, 517, 518 stem cell transplantation for, 518, 533 thrombocytopenia and, 538–539, 540 Myelofibrosis (primary/idiopathic), 511t, 514–515 Myelography in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, 989 in spinal tumors, 993 Myeloid growth factors. See Filgrastim; Growth factors; Sargramostim Myeloid leukemia. See Acute myeloid leukemia; Chronic myeloid leukemia Myeloma, 527–529, 1610t amyloidosis and, 528, 531, 930, 936 hypercalcemia in, 527, 528, 529, 936, 1141, 1596t kidney involvement in, 527, 528, 936 neuropathy associated with, 528, 1023 nonsecretory, 528 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t proteinuria in, 528, 936 stem cell transplantation for, 529, 532 Myeloma kidney, 527, 528, 936 Myelopathy. See also specific cause epidural/subdural hemorrhage causing, 989 HIV, 1328 human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV), 1013, 1383–1384 in multiple sclerosis, 1010 neck pain/cervical spondylosis and, 818, 1029 in subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, 1013 Myeloperoxidase ANCA (MPO-ANCA). See also Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 849, 924 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851, 924 Myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511–524, 511t. See also Leukemias in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 platelet function affected in, 549t rheumatic manifestations of, 864 Myeloradiculopathy, in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, 989 Myelosuppressive therapy bone marrow/stem cell transplantation and, 532, 533 infection and, 1279 for polycythemia, 512–513 Myerson sign, 998 MYH gene mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 screening for, 655 Mykrox. See Metolazone Myleran. See Busulfan Myocardial contusions/hematomas, 428 Myocardial dysfunction. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure myocardial infarction and, 373–374
index Myocardial failure. See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Myocardial hibernation, 351 Myocardial hypertrophy. See Cardiomyopathy Myocardial infarction/ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 360, 364t, 365–376, 367t, 369t. See also Coronary heart disease abacavir and, 1343, 1343–1344 abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and, 474 accelerated idioventricular rhythm in, 373, 393 angiography/catheterization in, 364t, 371 antihypertensive therapy and, 442t, 457 in hypertensive emergency, 461t arrhythmias associated with, 365, 372–373 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/treatment and, 371, 372–373, 376 aspirin for, 362t, 367, 371, 376 atrial fibrillation in, 372 biomarkers in, 360, 366 bradycardia/sinus bradycardia in, 365, 372 chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 28t, 29, 365 cocaine abuse and, 360, 365, 1085 complications of, 371–375 conduction disturbances associated with, 373 coronary artery trauma and, 428 coronary vasospasm causing, 360 coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors) associated with, 612 definition of, 360 in diabetes mellitus, 1227 glycemic/hypertension control and, 1203, 1227 Dressler syndrome after, 375 dyspnea in, 24 estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183 heart failure and, 365, 366, 367t, 370, 373–374, 376, 407 hemodynamic status and, 366, 367t hypotension and, 374 interventricular septum rupture and, 374 ischemia after, 372 in Kawasaki disease, 1417 left ventricular aneurysm and, 375 left ventricular failure and, 366, 367t, 373–374, 376 mechanical defects associated with, 374 mitral regurgitation and, 339, 340, 366 mural thrombus and, 375 myocardial dysfunction and, 373–374 myocardial rupture and, 374–375 oral contraceptive use and, 770 painless, 365 papillary muscle dysfunction/rupture and, 374 pericarditis after, 375, 419, 419–420 perioperative, preoperative risk assessment/management and, 46, 47–49, 47t
postinfarction risk stratification/ modification and, 375 during pregnancy, 431 prevention and, 375–376, 1246–1247 Q waves and, 366. See also Non-Q wave (non-ST elevation) infarction reperfusion therapy for, 364t, 367–370 revascularization procedures and, 364t postinfarction, 376 prophylactic/preoperative, 48–49 right ventricular infarction and, 366, 374 rosiglitazone use and, 1210 shock and, 367t, 368, 374 in SLE, 835 sudden death and, 365, 392 supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in, 372, 376, 391 Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy mimicking, 365 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 thrombolytic therapy for, 368–370, 369t PCI and, 357, 368 treatment of, 362t, 364t, 367–371, 367t, 369t postinfarction management and, 375–376 ventricular arrhythmias in, 365, 372– 373 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/ treatment and, 371, 372–373 Myocardial ischemia. See also Angina; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndromes, 360 chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 28t, 29, 360. See also Angina; Myocardial infarction cocaine abuse and, 360, 365, 1085 coronary vasospasm causing, 360 dyspnea in, 24, 25 mitral regurgitation and, 339, 340 postinfarction, 372 Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in angina, 353 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 412t, 414 in myocardial infarction, 366 preoperative, 46–47 Myocardial rupture, 374–375, 428 Myocardial sarcoidosis, 296 Myocardial stress imaging, in angina, 353 Myocardial stunning, 351 Myocarditis, 409–411, 409t adenovirus infection and, 1402 in African trypanosomiasis, 1484 in American trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, 1486 autoimmune/giant cell, 409, 410 clozapine causing, 1056, 1059–1060 coxsackievirus infection and, 1406 in diphtheria, 1433 drug-induced/toxic, 409t, 410–411 enterovirus, 1407 infectious, 409–410, 409t cardiomyopathy and, 410, 411 in Kawasaki syndrome, 1417 pheochromocytoma and, 1169, 1170 Myoclonic epilepsy, ragged red fiber (MERRF) syndrome, 1036
index Myoclonic seizures, 970, 970t, 1004. See also Seizures drug therapy for, 973t Myoclonus, 1003–1004 nocturnal, 1077 opioid-induced, 79 with opsoclonus, 995 palatal, tinnitus and, 208 Myoglobinuria, 905 acute tubular necrosis/rhabdomyolysis and, 844, 905 Myolysis, 758 Myomas (leiomyomas/fibroid tumors), of uterus, 757–759 Myomectomy, 758 Myonecrosis, clostridial, 1300t, 1428–1429 Myopathies (myopathic disorders), 977, 1034–1036, 1035t HIV, 861, 1036, 1328 inflammatory, 1036 idiopathic, 840–842, 840f lipid-lowering therapy/statin drugs causing, 842 miscellaneous causes of, 1036 mitochondrial, 1036 zidovudine causing, 1036, 1343 Myopericarditis. See also Pericarditis Borrelia burgdorferi/Lyme disease causing, 419, 1479, 1481–1482, 1482t Myopia, 162 in Marfan syndrome, 1670 surgical correction of, 162–163 Myositis. See also Dermatomyositis; Polymyositis HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statin drugs) causing, 842, 1254 inclusion body, 841, 1036 Myotomy for achalasia, 605 for Zenker diverticulum, 601 Myotomy–myomectomy, for cardiomyopathy, 415 Myotonia/myotonic dystrophy, 1034–1035, 1035t cardiomyopathy in, 427 congenita, 1035–1036 Myringotomy for barotrauma, 202 for mastoiditis, 204 for otitis media, 203 Myxedema, 1105–1110. See also Hypothyroidism pretibial (Graves dermopathy), 1110, 1113 Myxedema coma, 1108 Myxedema crisis, 1108 Myxedema heart, 1106 Myxedema madness, 1106, 1108 Myxedema pericardial effusion, 420, 1106 Myxoma, atrial, 426–427 fever/FUO and, 1277 herpes simplex virus and, 1352 Myxomatous mitral valve. See Mitral valve prolapse Na+. See Sodium NAAT. See Nucleic acid amplification tests Nabumetone, 78t
Nadolol, 448t for esophageal varices, prevention of rebleeding and, 603 Naegleria fowleri, 1287, 1505 NAEPP. See National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Nafarelin for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for endometriosis, 761 Nafcillin for endocarditis, 1438, 1439 platelet function affected by, 549t NAFLD. See Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Naftifine, 98t Naftin. See Naftifine Nail atrophy, 157 Nail disorders, 157–158, 158f. See also Digital clubbing candidal infection, 131, 131f, 132, 157 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 hyperpigmentation, drugs causing, 157, 160t in Kawasaki disease, 1417 pitting/stippling, 157 in psoriasis, 106, 106f, 856 in reactive arthritis, 857 in Raynaud phenomenon, 837 tinea unguium (onychomycosis), 157, 158 Nalfon. See Fenoprofen Nalmefene, for coma/opioid overdose, 1563, 1566t Naloxone, 1083 for heroin/opioid overdose/withdrawal, 1083, 1563, 1566t, 1586–1587 NALP-3 inflammasomes, in gout, 812 Naltrexone for alcohol use/abuse, 18, 1082 for heroin/opioid withdrawal, 1084 for obesity, 1261 Naphazoline, overdose/toxicity of, 1577 Naprosyn. See Naproxen Naproxen, 78t cardiovascular risk and, 608, 612, 615, 616 Naratriptan, for migraine headache, 964 Narcissistic personality disorder, 1052t Narcolepsy, 1077 Narcotic (opioid) antagonists. See also Naloxone for constipation, 86, 571–572 for heroin/opioid overdose/withdrawal, 20, 1083, 1084, 1563, 1566t, 1586–1587 Narcotics. See also Opioids/opioid analgesics abuse of, 18–20, 1083–1084, 1586–1587 narcotic antagonists/naloxone for, 20, 1084, 1563, 1566t, 1586–1587 Nardil. See Phenelzine Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) therapy. See also Phototherapy for lichen planus, 144 for psoriasis, 107 Nasal biopsy, in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 223, 849
CMDT 2013
1869
Nasal bleeding. See Epistaxis Nasal CPAP for sleep apnea, 319 for snoring, 231 Nasal polyps, 222 allergic rhinitis and, 218, 222 Nasal pyramid, fracture of, 221 Nasal septoplasty, for sleep apnea, 319 Nasal sinuses. See Paranasal sinuses Nasal trauma, 221–222 epistaxis and, 220, 221 Nasal tumors, 222–223 benign, 222 malignant, 223 Nasal vestibulitis, 217 NASH. See Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Nasoduodenal feeding tube, 1270, 1271f Nasoenteric feeding tube, 1271f for caustic esophageal injury, 599 Nasogastric intubation for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 628 for acute paralytic ileus, 627 for caustic/corrosive ingestions, 1571, 1572 for esophageal varices, 603 for feeding tube, 1270, 1271, 1271f, 1273 for gastric outlet obstruction, 619 for GI bleeding, 581, 584 hospital-acquired bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 215, 216 in near drowning, 1556 for vomiting, 86, 568 Nasolacrimal duct, obstruction of, dacryocystitis and, 164 Nasopharynx juvenile angiofibroma arising in, 222 malignant tumors of, 223 Epstein-Barr virus and, 223, 1363 serous otitis media and, 202, 223 Natacyn. See Natamycin Natalizumab for inflammatory bowel disease, 640 for multiple sclerosis, 1011 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by, 640, 1011, 1383 Natamycin, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Nateglinide, 1206t, 1208 hypoglycemia caused by, 1221–1222 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), asthma diagnosis/ management guidelines of, 244f, 245t, 246t, 248–250, 249f National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCNN) website, 1593, 1648, 1649. See also specific type of cancer Native DNA, antibodies to, 833t, 834t Natriuresis defects, in hypertension, 436 Natriuretic peptide atrial, in senile amyloidosis, 531 B-type (BNP/beta) in aortic regurgitation, 345 in aortic stenosis, 343, 344 in cardiomyopathy of pregnancy, 429
1870
CMDT 2013
Natriuretic peptide, B-type (BNP/beta) (Cont.): in cor pulmonale, 426 in dyspnea, 25 heart failure and, 400 in mitral regurgitation, 339 recombinant. See Nesiritide reference values for, 1728t Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), cholecystectomy via, 704 Nausea and vomiting, 86, 566–569, 567t in appendicitis, 630 chemotherapy-induced, 567t, 1659–1660 with diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis, 575, 1293, 1294–1295t drugs for management of. See also Antiemetics exenatide use and, 1211 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872 in intestinal obstruction, 567t, 568 in intracerebral hemorrhage, 983, 984 liraglutide use and, 1212 in migraine headache, 41, 41t, 567t, 962 opioids causing, 84 palliation of, 86 in pancreatitis, 567t, 711 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847 pramlintide use and, 1213 in pregnancy, 781, 787–788 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 984 in terminally ill/dying patient, 86 Navane. See Thiothixene Navelbine. See Vinorelbine NB-UVB therapy. See Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) therapy NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) website, 1593, 1648, 1649. See also specific type of cancer Nd:YAG laser photoresection. See also Laser therapy for lung cancer palliation, 1600 Near drowning, 1555–1557 Nearsightedness (myopia), 162 surgical correction of, 162–163 Nebido. See Testosterone undecanoate Nebivolol, 448t for heart failure, 403 for hypertension, 446, 448t Nebulizer therapy for asthma, 254t, 255, 256, 257f for COPD, 262, 264 Necator americanus, 1518 Neck infections of anaerobic, 1454 deep, 230–231 masses caused by, 240 masses in, 239–241. See also Head and neck cancer congenital lesions in adults, 239 in Hodgkin lymphoma, 526 infectious and inflammatory, 240
index lymphoma, 240–241 metastatic, 240 thyroid cancer. See Thyroid cancer Neck dissection for laryngeal cancer, 237 for thyroid cancer, 1129 vocal fold paralysis caused by, 237 Neck fractures, 1686 Neck injury, cervical vertigo and, 211 Neck manipulation, 1687 Neck pain, 817–818, 1029, 1030–1031f, 1686–1687, 1687t disk-related, 818, 1029, 1030–1031f, 1686 Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, 1228 Necrolysis, toxic epidermal, 134, 135 drugs causing, 134, 135, 159t, 161 Necrosectomy, for necrotizing pancreatitis, 714 Necrotizing cellulitis, synergistic, 1456 Necrotizing fasciitis, 1421, 1425, 1456 cellulitis differentiated from, 137 Necrotizing (phlegmonous) gastritis, 610 Necrotizing lymphadenitis, histiocytic (Kikuchi/Kikuchi-Fugimoto disease), 240 Necrotizing pancreatitis, 713, 714 Necrotizing pneumonia, 278 Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 226 Nedocromil for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t for allergic rhinitis, 219 for asthma, 249f, 250, 251t Needle ablation of prostate, transurethral (TUNA), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Needle-stick injury, HIV infection/AIDS transmission risk and, 1321, 1335 Neer impingement sign, 1675, 1678t, 1680 Nefazodone, 1067, 1068 Neglect/abuse, of elderly, 17, 72–73, 73t Negri/Negri-like bodies, in rabies, 1376 Neighborhood reaction, 1286t, 1287 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 1299t, 1452. See also Gonococcal infections resistant strains of, 860, 1452–1453 meningitidis, 1299t, 1441. See also Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) infections resistant strains of, 1442 Nelfinavir, 1341t, 1344, 1344–1345, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Nelson syndrome, 1160 Nematode infections. See also specific type filariasis, 1524–1528 intestinal, 578, 1517–1520 invasive, 1520–1524 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. See also Chemotherapy for bladder cancer, 1639, 1640 for breast cancer, 735, 738, 1611t for esophageal cancer, 1614 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 for lung cancer, 1599 for rectal cancer, 1624, 1626 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser photoresection. See Nd:YAG laser photoresection Neologisms, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Neonate. See Newborn Neoplasia. See Cancer Neoplastic pericarditis, 419, 420 Neorickettsia sennetsu, 1414 Neostigmine for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 629 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for myasthenia gravis, 1033 Neovascular age-related macular degeneration, 181 Neovascular (rubeotic) glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion and, 182 Neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration, 181 in diabetic retinopathy, 185, 1223 in retinal vein occlusion, 182 Nepafenac, for ophthalmic disorders, 170t Nephrectomy, for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Nephritic spectrum glomerular diseases, 918f, 919, 919t, 920–927, 921f. See also Glomerulonephritis Nephritic syndrome, 918, 918f, 919t, 920–922. See also Glomerulonephritis in IgA nephropathy, 923 in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 925 in postinfectious glomerulonephritis, 922 Nephritis. See also Glomerulonephritis interstitial, 902t, 906–907 in SLE, 833 urinalysis in, 898, 902t lupus, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926– 927 radiation exposure and, 1554 in syphilis, 1469 tubulointerstitial, 909t, 932–933, 932t Nephrocalcinosis in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 1139 in renal tubular acidosis, 892 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. See Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, 839 Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), 937 Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). See also Urinary stone disease calcium, 946, 947, 948–949, 1139, 1141, 1146 in Crohn disease, 641 cystine, 946, 947, 949 dysuria and, 43–44 hyperparathyroidism and, 947t, 948, 1139, 1141 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 946–947 in short bowel syndrome, 625 struvite, 946, 947, 949 uric acid, 813, 936–937, 946, 947, 948, 949
index Nephrolithotomy, 949, 950 Nephropathia epidemica, 1388, 1389 Nephropathy analgesic, 932–933, 933 Balkan, ureteral/renal pelvis cancer and, 1640 contrast, 904–905 diabetic. See Diabetic nephropathy HIV-associated, 920t, 931 hypertensive, 460 IgA (Berger disease), 919t, 921f, 922–923 lead, 933 membranous. See Membranous nephropathy obstructive, 909t reflux, 932 urate/uric acid, 813, 936–937 Nephrosclerosis, hypertension causing, 439 Nephrosis, lipoid (minimal change disease), 920t Nephrostomy, for pyelonephritis, 941 Nephrotic spectrum diseases, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–931 glomerular, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927– 928. See also Nephrotic syndrome in primary renal disorders, 920t, 928–930 from systemic disorders, 920t, 930–931 Nephrotic syndrome, 898, 918–919, 918f, 920t, 927–928. See also specific disease in diabetes mellitus, 931, 1224. See also Diabetic nephropathy in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 930 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 923 hepatitis C and, 926 in HIV infection/AIDS, 931 hyponatremia in, 873–874 in IgA nephropathy, 923 lipid abnormalities and, 898, 918, 927, 928, 1248t lithium causing, 1073, 1582 lower extremity edema and, 33, 34, 927, 928 in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 925 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in minimal change disease, 928, 929 in primary renal disorders, 920t, 928– 930 proteinuria in, 898, 918, 918f, 927 from systemic disorders, 920t, 930–931 urinalysis in, 898, 927 vitamin D deficiency and, 1149 Nephrotoxicity. See also specific agent acute kidney injury and, 902–903 acute tubular necrosis, 904–905 interstitial nephritis, 906–907 of aminoglycosides, 904 of cisplatin, 1662 of cyclosporine, 905 endogenous substances causing, 905 exogenous agents causing, 904–905 of mercury, 1583 of methotrexate, 1661, 1662 of NSAIDs, 829, 902
of radiographic contrast media, 904–905 reversible kidney injury and, 910t Nephroureterectomy, 1640 Nerve agents, for chemical warfare, 1587 skin decontamination and, 1566, 1587 Nerve biopsy in polyarteritis nodosa, 848 in polyneuropathies, 1021 Nerve block, for pain management, 85 in herpes zoster/postherpetic neuralgia, 120, 120–121 Nerve conduction velocity studies. See Conduction velocity studies Nervous system. See under Neurologic Nesiritide for heart failure, 404 for pulmonary edema, 408 Neulasta. See Pegfilgrastim Neumega. See Oprelvekin Neupogen. See Filgrastim Neural hearing loss, 198, 212. See also Hearing loss Neural tube defects, folic acid in prevention of, 785, 799 Neuralgia glossopharyngeal. See Glossopharyngeal neuralgia postherpetic, 120, 120–121, 968, 1359 varicella vaccine in prevention of, 120, 968, 1360 trigeminal. See Trigeminal neuralgia Neuralgic amyotrophy (idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy), 1029–1030 Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir/ zanamivir), for influenza, 23, 1354t, 1395, 1396, 1398, 1399 prophylactic, 1397 resistance to, 1396, 1399 Neuritis intercostal, 355 optic, 188–189 in neuromyelitis optica, 188, 1012 Neuroblastoma, 1612t Neuroborreliosis, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1482t. See also Lyme disease Neuroclaudication (neurogenic claudication), in spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 Neurocutaneous diseases, 996–997, 996f Neurocysticercosis, 1515 Neurodermatitis, circumscribed (lichen simplex chronicus), 105, 105f Neuroendocrine tumors, 1171–1173. See also Carcinoid tumors; Islet cell tumors diarrhea and, 578, 580 gastrinoma differential diagnosis and, 620 in MEN, 1171, 1172, 1189 pancreatic, 1171–1173, 1189, 1608, 1609 Neurofibromas, 996, 996f Neurofibromatosis, 996, 996f neuroendocrine tumors in, 1172 pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in, 1167 vestibular schwannoma (eight nerve tumors/acoustic neuroma) and, 212, 996
CMDT 2013
1871
NEUROG3 mutation, in diabetes, 1195 Neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint), 865 in diabetes mellitus, 865, 1224–1225 in tabes dorsalis, 865, 1472, 1472f Neurogenic claudication (neuroclaudication), in spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 Neurogenic hyperventilation, in coma or stupor, 318, 1014 Neurogenic shock, 485–486, 486 Neuroimaging in bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215, 216 in brain abscess, 994 in cerebral infarction, 982 in cerebrovascular occlusive disease, 469 in CNS infections, 1287–1288 in comatose patient, 1014 in Cushing syndrome, 1159 in cysticercosis, 1515 in dementia, 60, 1007 in head injury, 1016 in headache, 41, 41t, 42 in Huntington disease, 1001–1002 in intracerebral hemorrhage, 984 in intracranial aneurysm, 985, 986 in intracranial arteriovenous malformations, 987 in intracranial tumors, 991 in lacunar infarcts, 981 in multiple sclerosis, 1010–1011 in pituitary tumors, 1095 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1055 in seizure evaluation, 971 in stroke, 981, 982, 984, 985, 986, 987 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 in transient ischemic attacks, 978 in vestibular disorders/vertigo, 210 Neurokinin receptor antagonists, for nausea and vomiting, 569, 569t, 1660 Neurokinin receptors, in nausea and vomiting, 566, 1660 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 35, 36, 1060, 1565, 1574 Neuroleptics. See Antipsychotic drugs Neurologic deficits arteriovenous malformations causing, 987 back pain and, 819–820, 821 in brain abscess, 994 in cerebral infarction, 981 in cysticercosis, 1515 in head injury, 1017 in intracerebral hemorrhage, 983, 984 in intracranial aneurysms, 985, 986 intracranial tumors causing, 989, 990t false localizing signs and, 991 in lacunar infarct, 979, 981 in leprosy, 1023, 1460 migraine headache and, 963 neck pain and, 817, 1029, 1686 spinal cord tumors/compression causing, 993, 1645 spinal trauma causing, 1018 in stroke, 979, 981, 983 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 in thrombotic microangiopathy, 543, 543t in transient ischemic attacks, 977
1872
CMDT 2013
Neurologic disorders, 962–1037. See also specific type and Neurologic deficits; Neuropathies adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t in African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485, 1485t in American trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, 1486 Angiostrongylus causing, 1522 in Behçet syndrome, 853 cancer-related, 1596t in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910, 914 CMV causing, 1364 coxsackieviruses causing, 1286, 1406 in cryptococcosis, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1536 in cysticercosis, 1515 dysphagia in, 592t in Gaucher disease, 1668 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 herpes simplex infection, 1351, 1355 in high-altitude illness, 1558–1559 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1288, 1327–1328 in hypercalcemia, 883–884, 1139 hypernatremia treatment and, 876 hyponatremia treatment and, 871 infection, 1285–1288, 1286t. See also Encephalitis; Meningitis anaerobic, 1455 in leprosy, 1023, 1460 in loiasis, 1527, 1528 in Lyme disease, 1479 in malaria, 1491 measles/measles vaccination causing, 1368 nausea and vomiting and, 567t in near drowning, 1556 nonmetastatic complications of cancer, 994–995, 1024 in paragonimiasis, 1513 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t in porphyria, 1022, 1664 postoperative, 53–54, 53t in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t primary angiitis and, 854 radiation exposure and, 1554 respiratory failure caused by, 320t SIADH caused by, 873, 873t in SLE, 833, 834, 835 in sparganosis, 1517 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in syphilis, 1304t, 1464, 1472–1473, 1472f. See also Neurosyphilis thiamine deficiency causing, 1023, 1264 in varicella, 1359 vertigo and, 209t, 210, 210t, 212, 212– 213 vitamin B12 deficiency causing, 498 vitamin E deficiency causing, 1012 in Whipple disease, 623, 624 in Wilson disease, 696, 1004 Neurologic evaluation in back pain, 820, 820t, 1683, 1684t in carpal tunnel syndrome, 824, 1688– 1689, 1689t
index in dementia, 60, 1006–1007 in headache, 41, 41t, 42 in neck pain, 1686, 1687t preoperative, 53–54, 53t Neuroma/neurinoma. See also Neurofibromatosis acoustic. See Acoustic neuroma/ neurinoma mucosal, in MEN, 1189 plexiform, 996 Neuromodulation, for angina, 358 Neuromuscular/neuromuscular transmission disorders, 1032–1034 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t dysphagia in, 592t in hypercalcemia, 1139 respiratory failure caused by, 320t weakness in, 977 Neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease/ syndrome), 1012 optic neuritis in, 188, 1012 Neuron-specific enolase, in pheochromocytoma, 1167 Neuronal neuropathies. See also specific type and Neuropathies Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies, in cancer-related neuropathy, 975, 1024 Neuronitis, vestibular, 210t, 211 Neuronopathy bulbospinal X-linked, 1020 cancer-related, 995 Neuropathic bladder chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in diabetes, 1226 Neuropathic pain, 84–85, 84t, 1021. See also Neuropathies Neuropathies, 1020–1029 acute motor axonal/acute motor and sensory axonal (AMAN/ AMSAN), 1024–1025. See also Guillain-Barré syndrome alcoholism and nutritional deficiency and, 1023 in amyloidosis, 531, 1023 antiretroviral agents causing, 1328, 1343 autonomic. See Autonomic neuropathy bortezomib causing, 529 brachial plexus, 1029–1032 cancer-related, 1024, 1596t chemotherapy-induced, 1661, 1662 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 914, 1022–1023 cisplatin-induced, 1662 compression. See Entrapment/ compression neuropathy in critically ill patient, 1024 in cryoglobulinemia, 851, 1023 diabetic, 1022, 1197, 1197t, 1224–1227, 1225f foot disorders/ulcers/gangrene and, 467, 1224–1225, 1225f, 1227 glycemic control and, 1201, 1203 neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint) and, 865, 1224–1225 didanosine therapy and, 1328, 1343 diphtheritic, 1024, 1433 dysautonomia and, 975, 976, 1021
entrapment. See Entrapment/ compression neuropathy facial, 1027, 1028, 1028f. See also Bell palsy hereditary motor and sensory (HMSN), types I to IV, 1021–1022 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1328 infectious/inflammatory disease and, 1023–1024 inherited, 1021–1022 in leprosy, 1023, 1460 in Lyme disease, 1023, 1479 metabolic/systemic disease and, 1022–1023 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851 in myeloma, 528, 1023 nutritional, 1023. See also specific nutrient optic inflammatory (optic neuritis), 188–189 in neuromyelitis optica, 188, 1012 ischemic, 187–188 giant cell arteritis and, 188, 845–846 in paraproteinemias, 1023 peripheral, 1020–1029. See also specific type in polyarteritis nodosa, 847, 1024 in porphyria, 1022, 1664 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827, 1024 in sarcoidosis, 1024 stavudine therapy and, 1328, 1343 in thiamine deficiency, 1023, 1264 toxic, 1024 vincristine-induced, 1661 vitamin B6 causing, 1266 in vitamin B12 deficiency, 498, 1023 Neuropeptide Y, in pheochromocytoma, 1166 Neuropsychological assessment, in dementia, 1006–1007 Neuroses, Sunday, 1040 Neurosyphilis, 1304t, 1464, 1472–1473, 1472f cerebrospinal fluid examination in, 1472, 1472–1473, 1473 indications for, 1472–1473 drug therapy for, 1304t, 1467, 1468t, 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335, 1468, 1473 treatment failures and, 1468, 1473 Neurotomy, radial optic, for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Neurotoxicity. See also Neurologic disorders of cisplatin, 1662 opioid-induced, 79 of snake venom, 1589, 1589–1590 Neurotransmitters. See specific type Neurotrophic keratitis, 167 Neurotropic disease viral, 1376–1384. See also specific disorder yellow fever vaccine-associated, 1316, 1390 Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. See Insulin therapy; NPH insulin
index Neutral protamine lispro (NPL) insulin. See Insulin therapy; NPL insulin Neutrocytic ascites, 588, 589, 590 Neutrogena, 99t Neutropenia, 509–511, 510t antibiotic prophylaxis/therapy in, 36, 510, 1281, 1281–1282, 1648 antiretroviral therapy and, 1343 in aplastic anemia, 509, 510 aspergillosis and, 1537, 1538 autoimmune, 510 cancer chemotherapy causing, 510, 1302t, 1649 fever/FUO and, 36, 510, 1276, 1277 antimicrobial therapy and, 36, 510, 1281–1282, 1302t, 1648 gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis and, 510, 1443, 1444 granulocyte transfusion for, 536–537 infections and, 509–510, 1279, 1281, 1281–1282 in cancer patients, 1279, 1302t, 1648 prevention/treatment and, 510, 1280–1281, 1281–1282, 1302t in leukemia, 510, 520, 523 Neutrophil count. See also Neutropenia; Neutrophilia ascitic, 588 in bacterial peritonitis, 588, 589, 590, 689 joint fluid, 810t reference values for, 1733t Neutrophil elastase gene mutations, in neutropenia, 510 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, in acute tubular necrosis, 904 Neutrophilia in cellulitis, 137 in gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444 Nevanac. See Nepafenac Nevi. See also Mole (skin) atypical (dysplastic), 100–101, 100f blue, 101, 101f compound, 100, 100f junctional, 100 melanocytic, 100, 100f pigmented, 95t Nevirapine, 1342t, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Nevus. See Nevi New World cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1487, 1488, 1489 New World hantaviruses, 1388, 1389 New York Heart Association, heart disease classification and, 324 New York virus, 1388 Newborn/infant air travel and, 1560 antiretroviral/zidovudine therapy for, 805, 1321, 1336 chlamydial infection in, 806 CMV infection/inclusion disease in, 1363–1364, 1364, 1364–1365 coxsackievirus infection in, 1406 gonococcal infection in, 806
group B streptococcal infection in, 784–785, 804 hemolytic disease of, prevention of, 785–786 hepatitis B transmission/vaccine and, 667, 806 hepatitis C transmission and, 670, 806 herpes simplex infection and, 806, 1351, 1355 HIV transmission to, 805, 1321, 1336 listeriosis in (granulomatosis infantisepticum), 1434 maternal thyroid disease and, 800, 1106, 1111, 1113, 1115 parechovirus infection in, 1408 pneumocystosis in, 1533, 1535 rubella infection and, 1374, 1375 seizures presenting in, 970 syphilis in (congenital syphilis), 806, 1464, 1474 penicillin treatment in maternal disease and, 1474 toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and, 1501, 1502 varicella in, 1359 Nexavar. See Sorafenib NF-kB, in myeloma, 527 NF1/NF2 genes, in neurofibromatosis, 996 NH3. See Ammonia NHERF1 mutation, in osteomalacia/ rickets, 1150 Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency of, 1265 for lipid modification, 1253, 1255t, 1265 side effects/toxicity of, 1253, 1265 Niacinamide, 1265. See also Niacin Niaspan. See Niacin Nicardipine, 455t for angina, 356 for hypertension, 453, 455t pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 462t, 1576 Niclosamide, for tapeworm infection, 1514 Nicotinamide. See also Niacin for niacin deficiency, 1265 Nicotine, 6. See also Smoking for replacement therapy, 8, 1593 Nicotinic acid. See Niacin Nifedipine, 455t. See also Calcium channel blocking drugs for angina, 356 for hypertension, 453, 455t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t, 463 MAOI-induced, 1069 overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 462t, 1576 pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 for preterm labor prevention, 796 Nifurtimox for African trypanosomiasis, 1485, 1485t for American trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, 1486, 1487
CMDT 2013
1873
Night blindness, in vitamin A deficiency, 1266, 1267 Nightmares, 1077 Nikolsky sign, 138 Nil disease (minimal change disease), 920t, 928–929 Nilandron. See Nilutamide Nilotinib, 1655t for chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 Nilutamide, 1656t Nimodipine. See also Calcium channel blocking drugs overdose/toxicity of, 1576 Nipah virus, 1393, 1394 NIPD. See Nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis Nipent. See Pentostatin NIPHS. See Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome Nipple, Paget disease of, 117, 117f, 726, 730 Nipple discharge, 720, 720t, 1719 in breast cancer, 720, 720t, 730, 1719 cytologic evaluation of, 730 in fibrocystic breast condition, 718, 720, 720t in hyperprolactinemia, 720, 1103, 1719 in male, 746 Nipride. See Nitroprusside Nisoldipine, 455t for angina, 356 for hypertension, 453, 455t overdose/toxicity of, 454t, 1576 Nitazoxanide for cryptosporidiosis, 1508 for giardiasis, 1509 for rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1405 Nitrates. See also Nitroglycerin for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for angina for acute attack, 355 prophylactic administration of, 355 for heart failure, 404 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 for myocardial infarction, 370 phosphodiesterase inhibitor/sildenafil contraindications and, 370, 952, 1051, 1226 for pulmonary edema, 408 Nitric oxide in erection, 951, 952 in exhaled breath, in asthma, 248 in shock, 488 Nitrites for cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Nitrobenzene, methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Nitrofurantoin breastfeeding and, 782t for urinary tract infection, 939, 940, 940t Nitrogen, liquid. See Liquid nitrogen Nitrogen balance, nutritional support and, 1272 Nitrogen mustards, in cancer chemotherapy, 1650t
1874
CMDT 2013
Nitrogen oxide gases, methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Nitroglycerin. See also Nitrates for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for angina for acute attack, 355 in diagnosis, 352 prophylactic administration of, 355 for heart failure, 404 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 for hypertensive urgencies/ emergencies, 461, 462t for myocardial infarction, 370 phosphodiesterase inhibitor/sildenafil contraindications and, 370, 1051, 1226 for pulmonary edema, 408 Nitropress. See Nitroprusside Nitroprusside for cardiogenic shock, 374 cyanide poisoning caused by, 1577 for heart failure, 404 infarct-related, 373 for hypertension in aortic dissection, 477 pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 in urgencies/emergencies, 461, 462t Nix. See Permethrin Nizatidine, 613. See also H2 receptor blocking drugs Nizoral. See Ketoconazole Njovera (endemic syphilis), 1475 NK cell lymphoma, 524, 524t Epstein-Barr virus and, 1363 nose and paranasal sinus involvement and, 223 NK1 receptor antagonists, for nausea and vomiting, 569, 569t, 1660 NK1 receptors, in nausea and vomiting, 566, 1660 NMO-IgG, in neuromyelitis optica, 1012 NMP22 assay, in bladder cancer, 1639 NMS. See Neuroleptic malignant syndrome NNRTIs. See Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Nocardia asteroides/brasiliensis (nocardiosis), 1300t, 1457 actinomycotic mycetoma and, 1540 Noctec. See Chloral hydrate Nocturia, in heart failure, 398 Nocturnal hemodialysis, 915 Nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis, 916 Nocturnal myoclonus, 1077 Nocturnal penile tumescence testing, 952, 1050 Nodular glomerulosclerosis, in diabetic nephropathy, 931 Nodular goiter. See Multinodular (nodular) goiter Nodular malignant melanoma, 102 Nodular regenerative hyperplasia, noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 699 Nodules milker’s (paravaccinia), 1404 pulmonary, solitary. See Solitary pulmonary nodule
index rheumatoid, 827, 827f in coal workers (Caplan syndrome), 309 gouty tophi differentiated from, 814, 828 skin, 95t. See also specific type inflammatory, 150–152 violaceous to purple, 143–145 subcutaneous. See Subcutaneous nodules thyroid, 1105t, 1123–1126, 1124t. See also Goiter; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid nodules vocal fold, 235 Noise trauma hearing loss caused by, 207 tympanic membrane perforation and, 205, 206f Nolvadex. See Tamoxifen Non-ABCDE hepatitis, transfusionassociated, 670 Nonadherence. See Adherence/ nonadherence Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 684–685. See also Fatty liver cirrhosis and, 684, 685, 687 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 685, 1603 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 684, 685 Nonbacterial prostatitis, 942t, 943–944 Noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 699–700 Non-clostridial crepitant cellulitis, 1456 Noncompliance. See Adherence/ nonadherence Nonconvulsive status epilepticus, 975 Non-determined leukoencephalopathy, 1383 Nondiabetic (renal) glucosuria, 1198 Nonepileptic seizure, psychogenic (PNES), 971–972, 1045 Nonerosive/nonspecific gastritis, 609–610 Nonfamilial adenomatous polyps, 653– 654 Nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis, 858–859, 1302t in drug users, 859, 1292 rheumatoid arthritis and, 827, 859 Non-group A streptococcal infections, 1422 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 524–526, 524t, 1610t. See also Lymphoma fever/FUO and, 1277 gastric, 525, 1618–1619 hepatitis C and, 671 in HIV infection/AIDS, 241, 1326, 1327, 1332, 1338t nose and paranasal sinus involvement and, 223 pemphigus and, 138 small intestine, 1620 thyroid, 1128, 1131, 1134 Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (islet cell hyperplasia), 1238, 1241, 1242 Noninsulinomas, localization of, 1172 Noninvasive ischemia testing, preoperative, 46–47, 47t, 48f Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)
for COPD, 264 for obesity-hypoventilation (Pickwickian) syndrome, 318 for respiratory failure, 320 Nonionizing radiation, 1554 Nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia, 1241– 1242 Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. See Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state Nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant. See Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation; Reducedintensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 1342t, 1345–1346, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART antituberculous drug interactions and, 285 in combinations, 1345, 1348f resistance to, 1347, 1349 Nonocclusive mesenteric vascular insufficiency, 470 Nonoxynol 9, 775 HIV infection/AIDS and, 775, 1333 Nonparalytic poliomyelitis, 1372, 1373 Nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia, 390 Nonproliferative retinopathy, 185, 1223 Non-Q wave (non-ST elevation) infarction, 360, 366. See also Acute coronary syndromes; Myocardial infarction Non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, 1075 Nonscarring alopecia, 156–157 Nonsecretory myeloma, 528 Nonseminomas, 1177, 1642, 1643, 1643–1644 Non-sexually transmitted epididymitis, 940t, 944, 945 Non-sexually transmitted treponematoses, 1474–1475 Non–small cell lung cancer, 1597, 1610t. See also Lung cancer paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t staging of, 1597–1598, 1598t survival rates for, 1597, 1598t treatment of, 1599–1600, 1610t Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), 294t, 295 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326–1327 Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. See also Acute coronary syndromes Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 76, 77–78t. See also specific agent for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 for acute coronary syndromes, 362t acute kidney injury and, 829, 902 in analgesic nephropathy, 932–933 for ankylosing spondylitis, 855 aspirin coadministration and, 612, 616 cardiovascular complications and, 608, 612, 615
index in colorectal cancer prevention, 11, 1623 COX-1/COX-2 affected by, 611 for endometriosis, 761 gastritis/gastropathy caused by, 607, 608, 828–829 gastrointestinal side effects/bleeding and, 76, 583, 607, 615, 615– 616, 828–829 for gout, 814 for headache, 42 hypertension and, 436 hyponatremia caused by, 872 myocardial infarction and, 362t, 370 nonselective, 608, 611, 615, 616. See also Coxibs for ophthalmic disorders, 169–170t for osteoarthritis, 811–812, 1702 for pain management, 76, 77–78t, 1049 with opioid analgesics, 79, 83t in peptic ulcer disease, 611, 611–612, 614t, 615–616, 828–829 H pylori eradication therapy and, 614t, 615 misoprostol coadministration and, 616 prevention and, 615–616 proton pump inhibitors for, 613, 615, 615–616, 828–829 risk reduction and, 616 for pericarditis, 420 platelet function affected by, 549t, 611, 829 pompholyx-like eruption caused by, 121 for psoriatic arthritis, 856 renal toxicity of, 829 for rheumatoid arthritis, 828–829 selective. See Coxibs topical, 76, 97t, 811–812 tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by, 932t Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 391–392 Nontreponemal antigen tests, for syphilis, 1466, 1466t Nontuberculous atypical mycobacteria (NTM), 287, 1458–1459 adenitis/lymphadenitis caused by, 240, 1458 MAC infections. See Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections), avium complex pulmonary disease caused by, 287–289, 289t, 1458 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326 skin and soft tissue infections caused by, 1458 Noonan syndrome, 325 Nor-QD. See Norethindrone Norelgestromin, in transdermal contraceptive patch, 773 Norepinephrine for hypotension/shock, 488 cardiogenic, 374, 487 in tricyclic antidepressant overdose, 1563 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1166, 1167 Norethindrone for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748
for endometriosis, 761 in hormone replacement therapy, 779, 1183, 1184, 1185 in oral contraceptives, 771t, 772t for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 in progestin minipill, 772t, 773 with transdermal estradiol, 1183 Norflex. See Orphenadrine Norfloxacin. See also Fluoroquinolones for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for urinary tract infection, 940t Norgestimate in estrogen replacement therapy, 1184 in oral contraceptives, 770, 771t for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 Norgestrel, in oral contraceptives, 771t Normal anion gap acidosis, 890, 890t, 891–893, 892t, 893–894 alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 891, 1234–1235 dilutional, 893 gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss and, 892, 892t, 893 parenteral nutritional support and, 893, 1274t posthypocapnia, 893, 897 renal disease/renal tubular acidosis and, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894, 902 tubulointerstitial disease and, 933 urinary anion gap in assessment of, 892t, 893 Normal flora anaerobic infections caused by, 1454–1456 coagulase-negative staphylococci as, 1428 opportunistic infections caused by, 1279 Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, 1007, 1017 Normal ranges, for diagnostic/laboratory tests, 1727–1735t. See also specific test Normal-tension glaucoma, 175 Normetanephrine, in pheochromocytoma, 1167 Normochloremic metabolic (increased anion gap) acidosis, 890, 890–891, 890t, 893 Normodyne. See Labetalol Normokalemic periodic paralysis, 1037 Noroviruses, acute diarrhea/food poisoning caused by, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 Norplant system, 773 Norpramin. See Desipramine Norprolac. See Quinagolide Nor-QD. See Norethindrone North Asian tick typhus, 1414 Norton score, for pressure ulcers, 70 Nortriptyline, 1068, 1070t, 1723t. See also Antidepressants for neuropathic pain/diabetic neuropathy, 84, 84t, 1225 Norvasc. See Amlodipine Norvir. See Ritonavir Norwalk virus, gastroenteritis caused by, 1404–1405. See also Noroviruses
CMDT 2013
1875
Nose, 213–223. See also under Nasal in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 223, 849 infections of, 213–218. See also Rhinosinusitis; Sinusitis inflammatory disease of, 223 in sarcoidosis, 223, 295f traumatic injury of, 221–222 tumors/granulomatous disease of, 222–223 Nosebleed. See Epistaxis Nosocomial infections. See Health care (hospital)-associated infections Nosocomial pneumonia, 275–278, 276t, 277t, 1302t Notch 1, in aortic stenosis, 342 NOTES (natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery), cholecystectomy via, 704 Novantrone. See Mitoxantrone Novolin, 1213. See also Insulin therapy Novolog. See Insulin aspart NPH insulin, 1213, 1213t, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215, 1219, 1221. See also Insulin therapy in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216, 1219, 1221 in pregnancy, 801, 1230 NPL insulin, 1216. See also Insulin therapy in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216 NPM1, in acute leukemia, 519 NPPV. See Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation NPT2a/NPT2c mutations, in osteomalacia/rickets, 1150 NREM sleep, 1075 NRTIs. See Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSCLC. See Non-small cell lung cancer NSF. See Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis NSIP. See Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia nsNSAID. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSVT. See Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia NTM. See Nontuberculous atypical mycobacteria NTZ. See Nitazoxanide Nuclear bleeding scans, in GI bleeding, 585 Nuclear bone scanning. See Bone scanning Nuclear radiation, carcinogenesis and, 1555 Nuclear transcription factor mutations, in MODY, 1194–1195 Nucleic acid amplification tests in chlamydial infection, 1461 in gonococcal infection, 1452 in STD screening, 1290, 1291 in tuberculosis, 281, 281t Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), in acute leukemia, 519 Nucleoside/nucleotide backbone, for antiretroviral regimens, 1347, 1348f
1876
CMDT 2013
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1341t, 1343–1344, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART in combinations, 1343, 1348f for hepatitis B, 675–676 lactic acidosis caused by, 891, 1347 myopathy associated with use of, 861 resistance to, 675, 676, 1349 Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 1341t, 1344, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART for hepatitis B, 675–677 resistance to, 675, 676 Nucleus pulposus, herniation of cervical (neck pain), 818, 1029, 1030– 1031f, 1686 lumbar/sacral (back pain), 819, 819– 820, 820, 820t, 1685–1686 NuLYTE. See Polyethylene glycol Nursing (breastfeeding). See Lactation Nursing homes caregiver issues related to placement in, 58–59 scabies outbreaks and, 147 Nutcracker esophagus, 606 NutraSweet. See Aspartame Nutrients. See also Diet; Nutritional disorders; Nutritional support diets restricting, 1268–1269 diets supplementing, 1269–1270 requirements for in nutritional support, 1271–1272 Nutrition. See also Diet; Nutrients; Nutritional disorders; Nutritional support in Crohn disease, 642, 643 in pregnancy, 785 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 7t for terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 Nutritional disorders, 1257–1275. See also Eating disorders; Malnutrition; Nutritional support; Obesity alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891, 893 alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis and, 680, 681 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t diet therapy for, 1268–1270 neuropathy associated with, 1023. See also specific type thrombocytopenia associated with, 540 Nutritional support, 1270–1275, 1271f, 1272t, 1273t, 1274t. See also Central vein nutritional support; Enteral nutritional support; Parenteral nutritional support in alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis, 681 in anorexia nervosa, 1262–1263 in burn injury, 1551–1552 in caustic esophageal injury, 599 complications of, 1273, 1274–1275, 1274t in Crohn disease, 642, 643 in elderly, 70
index in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 indications for, 1270 for involuntary weight loss, 38 methods for, 1270–1271, 1271f nutritional requirements and, 1271–1272 in pancreatitis, 714 for protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 in respiratory failure, 321 in short bowel syndrome, 626 for terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 in ulcerative colitis, 648 Nutropin Depot. See Recombinant human growth hormone NuvaRing, 1184 Nystagmus in coma or stupor, 1014 intracranial tumors causing, 991 in vertigo, 209, 210, 212 in vestibular neuronitis, 211 Nystatin, for candidiasis oral, 226 vulvovaginal, 752 Obesity, 13–15, 1258–1261 arthritis and, 810 asthma risk and, 243 binge eating disorder and, 1714 cancer risk and, 13, 1259, 1594 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 702 coronary heart disease and, 13, 350 in women, 1707 in Cushing syndrome, 1158, 1160 definition of/measurements in, 13, 1259 in diabetes mellitus, 13, 1194, 1197, 1220 diet and, 1202, 1205, 1220 metformin treatment and, 1202, 1203, 1209, 1220 diet/eating behavior changes and, 13, 14, 1260 exercise/activity and, 12–13, 13, 14, 1260 genetic factors in, 1259 health consequences of, 13–14, 1259 in hypertension, 13, 436 hypogonadism in, 1173 hypoventilation and (Pickwickian syndrome), 318 lipid abnormalities in, 1248t medical conditions/evaluation and, 1259–1260 medications in management of, 14, 1260–1261 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684, 685 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 766, 1162 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50 prevalence of, 13, 1259 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 13–15, 1259 prevention of, 13–15 psoriasis and, 106 treatment of, 14, 1260–1261. See also Bariatric surgery weight gain in pregnancy and, 783, 785 Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), 318
Obliterative bronchiolitis, 269, 270. See also Bronchiolitis O’Brien test, 1680t, 1681 Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, 585–586, 587 Obscure-occult bleeding, 586, 587 Obscure-overt bleeding, 585–586 Obsessions, 1041. See also Obsessivecompulsive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 1041, 1044 drug therapy for, 1044, 1067, 1068 panic disorder and, 1041 Tourette syndrome and, 1005, 1041 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 1052t Obsessive-compulsive spectrum, 1041 Obstetrics/obstetric disorders, 781–808. See also Pregnancy adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t Obstructive jaundice, 662–663, 663t choledocholithiasis/cholangitis causing, 707 in primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709 Obstructive lung disease. See Airway disorders, obstruction; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Obstructive shock, 485, 485t, 486 Obstructive sleep apnea, 231, 318, 318–319 obesity-hypoventilation syndrome and, 318 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50 Obstructive uropathy postrenal, 903 tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 Obstructive voiding symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956, 957t in prostate cancer, 1630 in prostatitis, 942 Obturator sign, in appendicitis, 630 Occipital lobe lesions, 991 Occluder devices, for patent ductus arteriosus, 333 Occlusive dressings, 94 in exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma, 116 for leg ulcers, 154 for psoriasis, 107 for wart removal, 140 Occult diabetes, 1243 Occult gastrointestinal bleeding, 586–587. See also Gastrointestinal bleeding stool test for. See Fecal occult blood testing Occupational asthma, 243, 310 Occupational pulmonary diseases, 292t, 308–311, 309t, 310t. See also specific disorder Occupational radiation exposure, 1555 Occupational therapy, for stroke patient, 983 OCD. See Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD spectrum, 1041 Ochronosis, 1665
index 13
C-Octanoic acid breath test, in nausea and vomiting, 568 Octreotide for acromegaly/gigantism, 1101 for ACTH-secreting tumor identification/treatment, 1159, 1160 for carcinoid syndrome, 1621 for diarrhea, 580 for drug-induced hypoglycemia, 1566t, 1580 for GH-secreting tumor, 1096, 1101 for GI bleeding/esophageal varices, 583, 602 for islet cell tumors/insulinomas, 1172, 1241 for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma identification, 1169 Ocu-chlor. See Chloramphenicol Ocuflox. See Ofloxacin Ocular contusions, 192–193, 193f Ocular disease. See Eye, disorders of Ocular examination. See Eye, examination of Ocular hemorrhages eye injuries and, 192, 193, 193f vitreous, 180 Ocular hypertension, 176. See also Glaucoma treatment of, 170–172t Ocular lacerations, 193–194, 193f Ocular larva migrans, 1523 Ocular medications. See Ophthalmic medications Ocular melanoma, 102 Ocular motor palsies, 190–191 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 Ocular movements. See Eye (extraocular) movements Ocular muscular dystrophy, 1035t Ocular myasthenia gravis, 1113 Ocular/orbital pain in acute angle-closure glaucoma, 174 in corneal abrasion, 192 headache and, 962 in ultraviolet (actinic) keratitis, 194 in uveitis, 178 Ocular trauma, 192–194, 193f Oculocephalic reflex, in coma or stupor, 1014 Oculomotor response, in coma or stupor, 1014 Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, 1035t Oculosympathetic paralysis. See Horner syndrome Oculovestibular reflex, in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 Ocu-Pred. See Prednisolone Ocusert. See Pilocarpine Oddi, sphincter of. See Sphincter of Oddi Odontogenic infections. See also Dental disorders deep neck infections and, 230 Odor, breath in cyanide poisoning, 1577 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1197, 1232 in uremia, 909t, 910 Odor identification/discrimination/ threshold, disorders of, 219– 220
Odynophagia, 592 in epiglottitis (supraglottitis), 235, 1420 in esophageal cancer, 1613 in infectious esophagitis, 592, 598 in pharyngitis, 228, 1420 in pill-induced esophagitis, 598 Odynophonia, laryngeal contact ulcers/ granulomas causing, 235 OEP. See Oil of evening primrose Ofatumumab, 1654t Ofloxacin. See also Fluoroquinolones for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for urinary tract infection, 940t Ogen, 1184 Ogilvie syndrome, 628–629 Oil of evening primrose (OEP), for fibrocystic condition, 719 Oka/Merck VZV vaccine. See Herpes zoster vaccine Olanzapine, 1055, 1056, 1056t, 1057, 1057t, 1058, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 for depression, 1065, 1069 diabetes and, 1057, 1059, 1060t in elderly, 1057, 1058 overdose/toxicity of, 1057, 1057t, 1059, 1060t, 1574 for personality disorder, 1052 for psychedelic abuse/overdose, 1084 Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1487, 1488, 1489 Old World hantaviruses, 1388, 1389 Older adults, 57–73. See also specific disorder affecting abuse/mistreatment/neglect and, 17, 72–73, 73t advance directives and, 89 anemia in, 493 antipsychotic therapy in, 1058 appendicitis in, 630 assessment of, 57–59, 58f, 58t, 59t benzodiazepine use in, 1043 caregiver issues and, 58–59 cholesterol screening in, 1251–1252 delirium in, 64 at end of life, 86–87, 1088 postoperative, 53, 53t dementia in, 59–63, 1005–1010, 1008t assessment of/screening for, 60, 1006–1007 decision-making capacity and, 60 depressed, 63. See also Depression drug use (pharmacotherapy/ polypharmacy) and, 71–72 falls and, 65, 67t urinary incontinence and, 67 falls and, 65–66, 66t, 67t fecal incontinence and, 660 fever/FUO in, 35 frailty and, 69–70 functional assessment/screening for, 57–58, 59 gait disorders in, 65–66, 66t, 67t hearing impairment in, 72 hypertension/hypertension management and, 433, 435, 436, 437, 458t, 459 immobility and, 65
CMDT 2013
1877
influenza vaccine for, 3 injury prevention and, 17 insomnia/insomnia management in, 1075, 1076 malnourished, 69–70 management of common problems in, 59–73 pressure ulcers in, 70–71, 71f principles of care of, 57 prognosis/life expectancy and, 57, 58f, 58t, 59t psychosis in (late life psychosis), 1054 suicide in, 63 undernutrition and, 69–70 urinary incontinence and, 67–69 values/preferences and, 57 vision impairment in, 72 weight loss in, 37, 37t, 69–70 Oleander, toxicity of, 1578–1579 Olecranon bursitis, 825, 825f, 826 Olestra, diarrhea caused by, 578 Olfactory dysfunction, 219–220 Oligoclonal bands, in multiple sclerosis, 1011 Oligodendroglioma, 990t Oligozoospermia, 954f, 955 Oliguria, 898, 903 in acute tubular necrosis, 905, 906 in obstructive uropathy, 932 Olmesartan/olmesartan HCTZ, 451t with amlodipine, 451t Olopatadine, for allergic eye disease, 167, 169t Olsalazine, for inflammatory bowel disease, 638 Omalizumab, for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253 Omega-3 fatty acids/fish oil platelet function affected by, 549t preventable disease/deaths associated with low intake of, 3t Omeprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors clopidogrel interaction/ coadministration and, 616 On-off phenomenon, 999 On-X prosthetic valves, 343, 349 Onchocerca volvulus (onchocerciasis/river blindness), 1526–1527 Oncocytoma, of kidney, 1641, 1642 Oncotype Dx assay, 734, 736, 743 Oncovin. See Vincristine Ondansetron, 84, 568, 568t, 1660. See also Antiemetics Ondine curse (primary alveolar hypoventilation), 317–318 One-leg standing extension test, in back pain, 1683 Onglyza. See Saxagliptin Ontak. See Denileukin diftitox Onycholysis, 157 Onychomycosis (tinea unguium), 157, 158 Onychophagia, 1041 Oophorectomy (salpingooophorectomy)/ovarian ablation in breast cancer prevention/treatment, 723, 738, 739, 739–740 for endometrial carcinoma, 759 for endometriosis, 761
1878
CMDT 2013
Oophorectomy (salpingooophorectomy)/ovarian ablation (Cont.): estrogen replacement therapy after, 780 for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 in ovarian cancer prevention/ treatment, 764, 765 HNPCC and, 657 for PID, 764 surgical menopause and, 779, 780, 1181 testosterone levels after, 1185 Oophoritis, in mumps, 1370, 1371 Opana/Opana ER. See Oxymorphone Open-angle glaucoma, chronic, 175–177, 176f Open biopsy, for breast lump evaluation, 729, 1718. See also Breast, biopsy of Open can test, 1677t, 1680 Opening snap, in mitral stenosis, 337 Operant conditioning. See Behavior modification Ophthalmia neonatorum, 806 Ophthalmic artery, obstruction of, 981 Ophthalmic medications, 168–172t contaminated, 195 systemic effects of, 195 toxic and hypersensitivity reactions to, 166, 195 Ophthalmopathy, Graves, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 Ophthalmoplegia episodic vertigo in, 210 headache and, 41–42, 963 Ophthalmoplegic migraine, 963 Opioid-receptor antagonist laxatives, 86, 571–572 Opioids/opioid analgesics, 79–83, 80–83t. See also specific agent addiction and, 76, 1083–1084 allergic reaction to, 84 for chronic pain, 79, 1049 constipation caused by, 79, 84, 86, 571–572 for COPD, 264 dependency and, 76, 1083–1084 for diarrhea, 577 for dyspnea, 26, 86, 264 in end-of-life care, 76 hypogonadism caused by, 1096 long-acting, 79 for migraine headache, 964 for myocardial infarction, 370 nausea and vomiting caused by, 84 for neuropathic pain, 79, 1021 with NSAIDS/acetaminophen, 79, 83t overdose/abuse of, 18–20, 1083–1084, 1566t, 1586–1587 management of, 18–20, 1563, 1586–1587 narcotic antagonists/naloxone for, 20, 1084, 1563, 1566t, 1586–1587 during pregnancy, 783 pseudo-addiction and, 76 short-acting, 79 tolerance and, 76, 79 withdrawal and, 1083–1084
index Opisthorchis felineus/viverrini (opisthorchiasis), 1513 cholangiocarcinoma and, 1513, 1606 Opium, tincture of. See Tincture of opium Opportunistic infections, 1278–1282. See also specific type in cancer patients, 1648 fungi/molds causing, 1280–1281, 1540–1541 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1319, 1320t CD4 T cell counts and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1334t, 1336, 1339 prevention of, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t treatment of, 1337–1340, 1338–1339t adjunctive, 1339–1340 immunization recommendations and, 4–5, 1309t, 1313t, 1314 prevention of, 1280–1281, 1334–1335, 1334t, 1336–1337, 1337t in transplant recipients, 1279, 1279–1280, 1280–1281 treatment of, 1281–1282, 1337–1340, 1338–1339t Oprelvekin, for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, 1649, 1659t Opsoclonus/myoclonus, 995 Optic atrophy in optic neuritis, 188 in pseudotumor cerebri, 995 Optic disk crowded, 189–190 ischemic optic neuropathy and, 188 cupping of, in chronic glaucoma, 175, 175–176, 176f drusen of, 189–190 swelling of, 189–190 in ischemic optic neuropathy and, 188 in optic neuritis, 188 Optic nerve compression of, in dysthyroid eye disease, 191, 1112 damage to in glaucoma, 175, 175–176, 176f Optic neuritis, 188–189 in neuromyelitis optica, 188, 1012 Optic neuropathy inflammatory (optic neuritis), 188–189 in neuromyelitis optica, 188, 1012 ischemic, 187–188 in giant cell arteritis, 188, 845–846 Optic neurotomy, radial, for retinal vein occlusion, 182 OptiPranolol. See Metipranolol Optivar. See Azelastine OPV (oral/Sabin polio vaccine), 1373, 1373–1374 IPV booster and, 1315 VDPV and, 1372, 1374 Oragrafin. See Ipodate sodium Oral cavity, 224–232 anaerobic flora of, 1455 pneumonia/lung abscess and, 278, 1455 bullous pemphigoid involving, 139
cancer of, 224–225, 225f incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t candidiasis involving (thrush), 131, 131f, 225–226, 226f esophagitis and, 598, 1529 in HIV infection/AIDS, 131, 225– 226, 226, 226f, 1325, 1328– 1329, 1337 erythema multiforme involving, 134, 135 erythroplakia involving, 224 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325, 1328–1329 leukoplakia involving, 224–225, 224f, 225f, 1323, 1329 lichen planus involving, 144, 224 mucositis of, chemotherapy/radiation causing, 1554, 1660 pemphigus involving, 138 ulcerative lesions of, 226–227, 227f in Behçet syndrome, 853 chemotherapy-induced, 1660 herpes simplex esophagitis and, 598 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 Oral contraceptives, 770–773, 771–772t, 772t for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 antibiotics affecting efficacy of, 127 benefits of, 770 benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t breast cancer risk and, 722, 772 cervical dysplasia/cancer and, 772 combined, 770–773, 771–772t, 772t contraindications/adverse effects of, 770–773, 772t depression associated with use of, 772, 1064 drug interactions and, 770 efficacy/methods of use and, 770 for emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma and, 770, 772 for endometriosis, 761, 1715 after gestational trophoblastic disease, 792 hepatocellular adenoma/liver tumors associated with, 701, 702, 772, 1604 for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 for hormone replacement therapy, 1184 hypertension and, 438, 772 lactation/breastfeeding and, 772 lipid abnormalities associated with use of, 1248t melasma (chloasma) caused by, 155, 773 nipple discharge caused by, 720 ovarian cancer prevention and, 770, 772, 1710 selection of, 770 thromboembolic disease and, 770 Oral glucose tolerance test. See Glucose tolerance/intolerance Oral hypoglycemic agents. See Antidiabetic agents Oral nutritional supplements, 1270 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 for undernourished elderly, 70
index Oral polio vaccine (OPV/Sabin vaccine), 1373 IPV booster and, 1315 VDPV and, 1372, 1374 Oramorph. See Morphine Orange top RST, 1736t Orbital cellulitis/abscess, 191–192 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 191, 216 Orbital floor, blowout fracture of, 192 Orchiectomy hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and, 1174 for intra-abdominal testes, 1178 for prostate cancer, 1636, 1637t for testicular cancer, 1147, 1643, 1644 Orchiopexy/orchidopexy, infertility/ testicular cancer risk and, 1178, 1642 Orchitis in filariasis, 1525 mumps, 1370, 1371 Orellanine, Cortinarius mushroom poisoning and, 1586t Orf, 1404 Organ of Corti, hearing loss caused by disorders of, 198 Organ donation, 93. See also Transplantation Organ failure, anemia of, 493 Organ transplantation. See specific type and Transplantation Organic brain syndrome. See Cognitive disorders; Delirium; Dementia Organic (alcoholic) hallucinosis, 1081, 1082, 1088 Organic personality syndrome, 1088 Organophosphate poisoning, 1566t, 1587 seizures caused by, 1565t Orgasm, 1049 loss of/orgasmic dysfunction. See also Sexual dysfunction antidepressants causing, 1067, 1069 antipsychotics causing, 1059 in female, 767, 1050 in male, 951 Oriental spotted fever, 1414 Orientia tsutsugamushi, 1409t, 1411 Orinase. See Tolbutamide Orlistat for obesity, 1260–1261 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 vitamin D affected by, 1149 Ornithosis (psittacosis), 1462 Oromandibular dystonia, 1003 Oropharyngeal anthrax, 1432 Oropharyngeal dysphagia, 592, 592t. See also Dysphagia Oropharyngeal secretions, aspiration of, anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection and, 278, 1455 Orphenadrine, for parkinsonism, 999t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs Ortho Dienestrol, 1184 Orthodeoxia in hepatopulmonary syndrome, 691 in patent foramen ovale, 329 Orthodromic reentrant tachycardia, 383 Orthokeratology, 163
Orthomyxovirus, influenza virus as, 1394 Orthopedics, 1673–1705. See also Musculoskeletal disorders ankle injuries, 1703–1705, 1703t, 1704t general approach to musculoskeletal injuries and, 1673–1674 hip problems, 1689–1692, 1690t knee problems, 1692–1703, 1693t, 1694–1697t shoulder problems, 1674–1683, 1676– 1680t spine problems, 1683–1687, 1684t, 1687t upper extremity problems, 1687–1689, 1689t Orthophosphates, for hypercalciuria, 948 Orthostatic (postural) hypotension antipsychotics causing, 1059 in diabetes, 1197, 1226 dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction) and, 975, 976, 1021 falls in elderly and, 65, 67t heat syncope/collapse and, 1547 MAOIs causing, 1069 pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and, 440 syncope and, 396 tricyclic antidepressants causing, 1068 Orthostatic proteinuria, 899 Orudis. See Ketoprofen Oruvail. See Ketoprofen Osborn wave, in hypothermia, 1544, 1544f OsCal (calcium carbonate). See Calcium, dietary/supplementary Oseltamivir, for influenza, 23, 1354t, 1395, 1396, 1398, 1399 prophylactic, 1397 resistance to, 1396, 1398, 1399 Osler nodes, in endocarditis, 1435, 1436f Osler sign, 440 Osler triad, 1423 Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome. See Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Osmolality fecal/stool, diarrhea and, 577–578, 579f serum, 870 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232–1233 in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 in hypernatremia, 875 in hyponatremia, 871, 871f in methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning, 1584 reference values for, 1733t urine in acute kidney injury, 902t, 903 in hypernatremia, 875–876 in hyponatremia, 873 reference values for, 1733t Osmolar/osmol gap, 870, 877 calculation of, 1569t in poisoning/drug overdose, 1569, 1569t alcohol toxicity and, 877, 1081, 1569, 1569t isopropanol toxicity and, 891, 1569, 1569t methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity and, 877, 1569, 1569t, 1584
CMDT 2013
1879
Osmolarity, 870 Osmophobia, in migraine headache, 963 OsmoPrep. See Sodium phosphate Osmostat, reset, hyponatremia caused by, 873, 874 Osmotic diarrhea, 574t, 577–578. See also Diarrhea Osmotic diuretics for angle-closure glaucoma, 174 lithium interactions and, 1074t Osmotic fragility test, in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 Osmotic gap, stool, 577–578, 579, 579f Osmotic laxatives, 571, 572t OspA, in Lyme disease, 1480 Ossicular disruption, hearing loss and, 198, 204, 205 Osteitis condensans ilii, 855 Osteitis deformans (Paget disease of bone), 1152–1153 Osteitis fibrosa cystica, 912, 1139 Osteoarthritis, 809–812, 811f. See also Arthritis arthroplasty/joint replacement for, 812, 1690, 1691–1692, 1702 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t osteomyelitis and, 862 of cervical spine, 818, 1686 exercise/activity in prevention/ management of, 12–13, 811 glucosamine/chondroitin for, 812, 1702 of hip, 1691–1692 of knee, 1692, 1701–1703 meniscal injuries and, 1700 prevention of, 811 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 811, 828 spinal stenosis and, 1685 Osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic pulmonary. See Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Osteocalcin, reference values for, 1733t Osteodystrophy Albright hereditary, 1137 renal, 912–913, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1144 Osteogenesis imperfecta, 1145 Osteogenic sarcoma. See Osteosarcoma Osteoma, ear canal, 201 Osteomalacia, 912, 1148–1151, 1149t in celiac disease, 622 in chronic kidney disease, 912 hypophosphatemic, 878t, 1150, 1151 osteoporosis with, 1146, 1151 Osteomyelitis, 861–864, 1302t acute pyogenic, 861–862 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216 candidal, 862–863 in coccidioidomycosis, 863 in drug users, 861–862, 1292 hematogenous, 861–862 in histoplasmosis, 863 leg ulcers and, 154, 862 mycotic, 862–863 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 861
1880
CMDT 2013
Osteomyelitis (Cont.): of skull base (malignant external otitis), 200–201 earache in, 200, 206 staphylococcal, 862, 1302t, 1426 vertebral, 861–862, 862, 1426 back pain and, 819, 820, 1426 epidural abscess and, 861–862, 862, 1426 Osteonecrosis, 865 corticosteroid use and, 865, 1190–1191 dysbaric, 865 of jaw, bisphosphonate use and, 11, 738, 865, 1147 in sickle cell anemia, 503, 865 Osteopenia, 1145, 1710. See also Osteoporosis in complex regional pain syndrome, 825 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328 Osteophytes in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, 855 neck pain/cervical spondylosis and, 818, 1029 in osteoarthritis, 811 in spinal stenosis, 822 Osteoporosis, 779, 780, 1144–1148, 1145t, 1710 androgen deprivation and, 1636 in celiac disease, 622, 1145 circumscripta, 1152 in cirrhosis, 687 corticosteroid therapy and, 639, 1146, 1190, 1191 in Cushing syndrome, 1161 fractures/bone pain and, 11, 1144, 1710 risk assessment tool and, 1710 hip fractures and, 1144, 1147, 1689, 1690, 1710 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328 in hyperthyroidism, 1145 hypogonadism and, 1145 levothyroxine treatment and, 1125, 1130 in men, 1147, 1148, 1175 in myeloma, 528 osteomalacia with, 1146, 1151 postmenopausal, 779, 780, 1145, 1145t, 1146, 1147, 1181, 1710 prevention/treatment of, 11–12, 780, 1146–1148, 1710–1711 bisphosphonates in, 11, 780 calcium in, 11, 780, 1146, 1710 milk-alkali syndrome and, 883, 884 chronic corticosteroid treatment and, 639, 1146, 1190, 1191 estrogen replacement therapy in, 1147 exercise/activity and, 11, 12–13, 780, 1146, 1710 selective estrogen receptor modulators in, 1147, 1185 vitamin D in, 11, 66, 67t, 780, 1146, 1710 thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 Osteoprotegerin in juvenile Paget disease, 1152 in myeloma, 527
index Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma), 1612t Paget disease of bone and, 1153 Osteosclerosis, in renal osteodystrophy, 1141 Osteotomy, high tibial, for osteoarthritis of knee, 1702 Ostium primum atrial septal defect, 327 Ostium secundum atrial septal defect, 327, 328, 329 Otalgia. See Earache Otelixizumab, for new-onset type 1 diabetes, 1202 Otic barotrauma. See Barotrauma Otic drops for cerumen removal, 200 for external otitis, 200 ototoxic, avoidance of with perforated tympanic membrane, 207 Otitis external/malignant external, 200–201 earache in, 200, 206 facial pain and, 968 media, 1303t acute, 203 cholesteatoma and, 204, 204f chronic, 203–205, 204f complications of, 204–205 earache in, 203, 206 in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 RSV causing, 1394 serous, 202 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and, 202, 223 Otoconia, vertigo associated with, 211 Otogenic meningitis, 205 Otorrhea, in acute otitis, 203 Otosclerosis, 205 Ototoxic chemoprotection, 207 Ototoxicity of aminoglycosides, 207 of cisplatin, 207, 1662 hearing loss and, 207, 210t Ottawa Ankle Rules, 1703 Outer surface protein A (OspA), in Lyme disease, 1480 Ovarian ablation. See Oophorectomy Ovarian cancer/tumors, 764–765, 1611t, 1710 dermatomyositis and, 841, 1596t estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183 genetic mutations associated with, 764. See also BRCA1/BRCA2 genes HNPCC and, 657 hirsutism/virilization caused by, 1162, 1163 incidence/mortality/risk of, 1594t, 1710 malignant ascites and, 591 palmar fasciitis and, 864 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t during pregnancy, 808 prevention of, 1710 genetic risk factors and, 764 oral contraceptive use and, 770, 772, 1710 screening and, 16, 764, 1710 thyroid hormone secreted by, 1111
Ovarian cyst, 765 appendicitis differentiated from, 631 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791, 792 Ovarian failure, 779, 780, 1179, 1181. See also Amenorrhea in Turner syndrome, 1179, 1186, 1187 Ovarian tumor antigen. See CA 125 Ovaries, polycystic. See Polycystic ovary syndrome Over-the-counter drugs, use/abuse of, 1086 stimulants and, 1086, 1572 Overflow incontinence fecal, 572, 660 urinary, 68, 69 Overlap syndrome, 842 Overload proteinuria, 899 Overweight. See also Obesity definition of, 13 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 13–15 prevention of, 13–15 Ovide. See Malathion Ovulation awareness of contraception based on, 775–776 infertility workup and, 768 cyclical mastalgia and, 1716 induction of for infertility, 769, 1097 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 766 Ovulation bleeding, 747 Owl’s eye inclusions, in CMV infection, 1365 Oxacillin, for endocarditis, 1438, 1439 Oxalate, in urinary stones, 946, 948, 949. See also Calcium nephrolithiasis Oxaliplatin, 1650t for colorectal cancer, 1625 Oxandrolone, for AIDS wasting, 1325 Oxaprozin, 78t Oxazepam, 1042t overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 Oxcarbazepine, 972, 973t. See also Anticonvulsant therapy for bipolar disease/mania, 1075 for seizures, 972, 973t pregnancy and, 803 Oxiconazole, 97t Oximetry. See Pulse oximetry/ CO-oximetry Oxistat. See Oxiconazole Oxitriptan, for myoclonus, 1004 Oxprenolol, overdose/toxicity of, 1575 Oxybate. See Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Oxybutynin, for urinary incontinence, 68 Oxycodone, 79, 82t in combination preparations, 83t overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Oxycontin. See Oxycodone Oxygen, partial pressure of. See Pao2; Po2 Oxygen concentrators, for home oxygen therapy, 262 Oxygen saturation. See Sao2 Oxygen tension. See Po2 Oxygen therapy adverse ophthalmic effects of, 195t for ARDS, 323 for asthma exacerbation, 256, 258f
index for burn injury, 1550 for carbon monoxide poisoning, 307, 1566t, 1576–1577 for cluster headache, 965 for COPD, 261–262, 262t, 264 for dysbarism/decompression sickness, 1558 for dyspnea, 26, 86 for heart failure, left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 for high-altitude illness, 1559 home, 262, 262t hyperbaric. See Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypothermia, 1544 for methemoglobinemia, 1584 for near drowning, 1556 perioperative, surgical site infection and, 56 for Pneumocystis pneumonia, 1535 for pulmonary edema, 408 for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 for respiratory failure, 320 for sleep apnea, 319 for smoke inhalation, 307 transtracheal, 262 Oxygen uptake, maximal, lung cancer surgery and, 1599 Oxyhemoglobin saturation. See Sao2 OxyIR. See Oxycodone Oxymetazoline, overdose/toxicity of, 1577 Oxymorphone, 82t Oxyuriasis (pinworms), 1519–1520 Oysters, contaminated, vibrio infection caused by, 1448 3P tumor suppressor gene, in thyroid cancer, 1127 P2Y12 inhibitor for acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 361, 363, 367, 368 perioperative discontinuation of, 363 P16/CDKN2A gene mutations, pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 p24 antigen assay, in blood screening, 536 P53 gene mutations. See also TP53 gene mutations in breast cancer, 722 in colorectal cancer, 1622 smoking and, 6 in thyroid cancer, 1127, 1128 P450 aromatose (P450arom) deficiency, amenorrhea in, 1179 P450 (CYP) 2C9 variants, testing for, 1725t P450 (CYP) system/cytochrome P450 antibodies to, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 fentanyl and, 79 hepatotoxicity and, 683 nefazodone affecting, 1068 protease inhibitors affecting, 1344 testing for biomarker variants in, 1725t P450c11 deficiency, 1162, 1166, 1179 P450c17 deficiency, 1156, 1166, 1179 P450c21 deficiency, 1156, 1162, 1163, 1179 3P tumor suppressor gene, in thyroid cancer, 1127
P wave in atrial premature beats, 381 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in cor pulmonale, 426 in differentiation of aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats from ventricular beats, 381, 391 in multifocal atrial tachycardia, 389 in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 382 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 Pacemaker for intraventricular conduction defects, 396 overdrive, for ventricular tachycardia, 391, 1564 permanent, 395 for atrioventricular block, 395 infarct-related, 373 biventricular (resynchronization) for cardiomyopathy, 412, 415 for heart failure, 405–406 for cardiomyopathy, 415 preoperative placement of, 49 for refractory atrial fibrillation, 388 for sick sinus syndrome, 394 temporary for infarct-associated conduction disturbances, 373 perioperative placement of, 49 Pacemaker syndrome, 394 Packed red blood cells, transfusion of, 534. See also Transfusion autologous, 534 for DIC, 546t frozen, 534 for GI bleeding, 582 Paclitaxel, 1652t for breast cancer, 737, 741 neuropathy caused by, 1661 protein-bound, 1652t Paco2. See also Pco2 in asthma, exacerbation severity/ management and, 246, 247t, 258f in near drowning, 1556 Paecilomyces, in opportunistic infection, 1540–1541 Paget carcinoma of breast, 117, 117f, 726, 730 nipple involvement and, 117, 117f, 726, 730 Paget disease of bone, 1152–1153 extramammary, 117 mammary. See Paget carcinoma of breast PAI-I. See Plasminogen activator I Pain. See also specific type and Pain disorders; Pain management; Pain syndromes assessment scales for, 74, 75t chronic, 1047–1049, 1048f opioids in management of, 79, 1049 in complex regional pain syndrome, 824, 825 drug therapy for. See Pain management, pharmacologic
CMDT 2013
1881
at end of life, 75–76 hypersensitivity to, in diabetes, 1225 hyponatremia caused by, 872 ischemic. See Rest pain in musculoskeletal disorders, 817–826, 1673, 1674 neuropathic, 84–85, 84t, 1021. See also Neuropathies nonpharmacologic interventions in, 85 ocular. See Ocular/orbital pain otic. See Earache psychologic factors and (somatoform pain disorder), 1046 response to, in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 rest. See Rest pain in sickle cell anemia, 503, 504 Pain disorders, 817–826. See also Pain chronic, 1047–1049, 1048f with psychologic factors (somatoform pain disorder), 1046 Pain management, 74–85. See also specific disorder and Analgesia/ analgesics assessment scales and, 74, 75t back pain and, 821 barriers to good care and, 76 for chronic pain/chronic pain disorders, 79, 1048–1049 at end of life, 75–76 musculoskeletal disorders and, 1674 nonpharmacologic, 85 in osteoarthritis, 811–812 pharmacologic, 76–85 acetaminophen/NSAIDs/coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors), 76, 77–78t adjuvant, 85 for neuropathic pain, 84–85, 84t, 1021 opioids, 79–83, 80–83t, 1049 principles of, 74–75, 75t in terminally ill/dying patient, 75–76 Pain syndromes, 817–826. See also specific type and Pain Painful bladder syndrome. See Interstitial cystitis Painful diabetic neuropathy, 1225–1226 Painful intercourse. See Dyspareunia Painless myocardial infarction, 365 Painless postpartum thyroiditis, 1120, 1121. See also Postpartum thyroiditis Painless sporadic thyroiditis, 1120, 1121 PAIR (percutaneous aspiration/injection/ reaspiration), for hydatid cysts, 1516 Palatal myoclonus, tinnitus and, 208 Palifermin, for chemotherapy-induced mucositis, 1658t, 1660 Palilalia, in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Palindromic rheumatism, 865 Paliperidone, 1055, 1056t, 1058, 1060t Palivizumab, 1354t, 1394 Palladin gene, pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Palladone. See Hydromorphone Palliative care, 74–93 definition and scope of, 74
1882
CMDT 2013
Palliative care (Cont.): at end of life, 74. See also End of life, provision of care at pain management, 75–76 for gastric cancer, 1617 for heart failure, 406 for lung cancer, 1600 symptom management and constipation, 86 delirium and agitation, 86–87 dyspnea, 26, 85–86, 265 fatigue, 86 nausea and vomiting, 86 pain, 74–85 Palliative care institutions, 90. See also End of life, provision of care at Palliative Performance Scale, prognosis at end of life and, 87 Pallidotomy, for parkinsonism, 1001 Pallor, in Raynaud phenomenon, 836 Palmar erythema in cirrhosis, 686 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 Palmar fasciitis cancer and, 864 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 in Dupuytren contracture, 824 Palms tinea of, 112–113 ulnar lesions at, 1027 vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 Palonosetron, 568, 568t, 1660. See also Antiemetics Palpitations, 30–32, 32t in pheochromocytoma, 1167 in pulmonary embolism, 298t somatoform, 1045 Palsies. See specific type and Paralysis/ palsies Paludrine. See Proguanil 2-PAM. See Pralidoxime Pamelor. See Nortriptyline Pamidronate, 1146–1147, 1147. See also Bisphosphonates adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/ bone pain, 1659t for hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 1143, 1647 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1146–1147, 1147 corticosteroid use and, 1191 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 Panacinar bibasilar emphysema, 261. See also Emphysema Panbronchiolitis, diffuse, 269, 269–270 Pancreas cancer of, 1607–1612, 1612t GI bleeding and, 581 incidence/mortality/risk of, 1594t, 1607 pancreatitis and, 1608 diseases of, 711–717. See also specific type and Diabetes mellitus; Pancreatitis
index diabetes/hyperglycemia and, 1196 dyspepsia and, 564 vomiting and, 567t, 711 divisum, 711, 714 functioning/neuroendocrine tumors of, 1171–1173, 1608, 1609 hypoglycemia caused by, 1172, 1189, 1238–1241, 1239t, 1240t in MEN, 1171, 1172, 1188t, 1189, 1239 pseudocysts of, 713, 717 ascites and, 591 cystic carcinoma differentiated from, 1608 infected (pancreatic abscess), 713, 714 transplantation of, for diabetes mellitus, 1217 Pancreatectomy, 717 diabetes/hyperglycemia and, 1196 for insulinoma, 1172, 1241 for noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (islet cell hyperplasia), 1242 Pancreatic abscess, 713, 714 Pancreatic ascites, 588, 591, 717 Pancreatic duct ascites caused by disruption of, 591 calculus formation in (pancreaticolithiasis), 616, 717 Pancreatic duodenal homeobox gene, in MODY, 1195 Pancreatic elastase, fecal in diarrhea, 580 reference values for, 1733t Pancreatic enzyme supplements, 716 Pancreatic islets, 1171. See also B cells, pancreatic hyperplasia of (noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome), 1238, 1241, 1242 transplantation of, for diabetes, 1217 tumors of. See Islet cell tumors Pancreatic polypeptide, F cells secreting, 1171 Pancreatic pseudocysts, 713, 717 ascites and, 591 cystic carcinoma differentiated from, 1608 infected (pancreatic abscess), 713, 714 Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitory (PSTI) gene, in pancreatitis, 715, 716 Pancreatic transcription factor mutations, in diabetes, 1195 Pancreaticocholangitis, sclerosing, 709–710 Pancreaticoduodenal resection, for pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 Pancreaticojejunostomy, for pancreatitis, 717 Pancreaticolithiasis, 716, 717 Pancreatitis acute, 711–715, 712t ascites in, 588, 591, 711, 713, 717 autoimmune, 715 biliary, 711 biliary stricture and, 708–709
choledocholithiasis and, 703t, 707 cholelithiasis/cholecystitis and, 714 chronic, 715–717 tumefactive, 716 cystic fibrosis and, 711, 715, 716 diabetes/hyperglycemia and, 1196, 1228 diarrhea in, 579f, 580 didanosine therapy and, 1343 exenatide use and, 1211 hereditary, 715, 716 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 1139, 1141, 1144 hypertriglyceridemia and, 711, 714, 1255 hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 714, 882, 1137 liraglutide use and, 1212 in mumps, 1370, 1371 necrotizing, 713, 714 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 pleural effusion in, 314, 314t sitagliptin use and, 1212, 1221 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and, 706, 711, 713 tropical, 715 Pancytopenia, 508, 508t, 509 in acute leukemia, 520 in aplastic anemia, 508, 508t in hairy cell leukemia, 523 methotrexate causing, 829 stem cell transplantation and, 532 Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosing, 1368 myoclonus in, 1004 Panhypergammaglobulinemia. See Hypergammaglobulinemia Panhypogammaglobulinemia. See Hypogammaglobulinemia Panhypopituitarism, 1094–1095. See also Hypopituitarism Panic disorders/panic attacks, 1041, 1044 chest pain/discomfort in, 30, 1041 drug therapy in, 1043, 1044, 1067 hypochondriasis and, 1041, 1046 OCD and, 1041 palpitations in, 31, 32 PTSD and, 1039, 1040 seizures differentiated from, 971 sleep, 1041 Panitumumab, 1654t for colorectal cancer, 1625 Pankeratin, in mesothelioma, 1602 Panniculitis lupus, 150 sclerosing, 137 Pannus in rheumatoid arthritis, 826 in trachoma, 166 Pansinusitis, 215 Panton-Valentine leukocidin, 273 Pantoprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors Panuveitis, 177. See also Uveitis Pao2. See also Po2 in ARDS, 322, 323 in asthma, exacerbation severity/ management and, 247t in carbon monoxide poisoning, 307, 1576 COPD/home oxygen therapy and, 262, 262t in near drowning, 1556
index Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear), 15t, 16, 754t, 755, 1709 anal, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 in cancer screening, 15t, 16, 754t, 755, 1332, 1709 in CIN, 754t, 755 in endometrial carcinoma, 759 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 for HPV screening, 755, 1332, 1709 for rape victim, 778 in STD patient, 1291 Papillary muscles dysfunction/rupture of mitral regurgitation and, 339, 340 in myocardial infarction, 374 mitral stenosis and, 337 Papilledema, 189, 189f, 995 headache and, 41 Papillitis. See also Optic disk, swelling of in optic neuritis, 188 Papillomas intraductal, nipple discharge and, 720, 720t inverted, 222 recurrent respiratory (laryngeal), 234–235 Papillomaviruses. See Human papillomavirus PAPP-A. See Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A Papular acne, 127–128 Papular urticaria, 133 bedbugs causing, 149 Papules, 95t, 139–143 violaceous to purple, 143–145 Paracentesis in ascites, 588. See also Ascitic fluid analysis/examination in cirrhosis, 588, 687–688 large-volume for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for malignant ascites, 590, 1646 in peritoneal carcinomatosis, 588, 590 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 588, 589, 590 Paracetamol, 1570. See also Acetaminophen in analgesic nephropathy, 932–933 Parachute mitral valve, 337 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (paracoccidioidomycosis), 1539 Paradoxic aciduria in metabolic alkalosis, 895 in salicylate overdose/toxicity, 1589 Paradoxic embolism in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328, 329 in pregnancy, 431 in transient ischemic attacks, 977 Paradoxic pulse. See Pulsus paradoxus Paradoxic sleep, 1075 Paraganglioma, 1166–1171, 1168t, 1169t familial, 1167 metastatic, 1170–1171 Paragonimus/Paragonimus westermani (paragonimiasis), 1513 Parainfluenza viruses, 1393, 1394 Paralysis/palsies, 977. See also specific type or structure affected acute flaccid
coxsackievirus causing, 1406 enterovirus 71 causing, 1407 poliomyelitis and, 1372, 1373 in botulism, 1034, 1431 in conversion disorder, 1045 facial/Bell palsy, 1027, 1028, 1028f herpes simplex/varicella zoster infection and, 1028, 1351, 1355, 1359 in motor neuron diseases, 977, 1019, 1020 ocular motor, 190–191 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 periodic. See Periodic paralysis in poliomyelitis, 1372–1373, 1373 progressive supranuclear, parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 in rabies, 1376 sleep, in narcolepsy, 1077 spinal cord infarction causing, 988–989 spinal trauma causing, 1018 in stroke, 981, 982 after thoracic aneurysm repair, 475 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 vocal fold, 237–238 thyroid surgery and, 237, 238, 1116, 1119, 1129 Paralytic (adynamic) ileus, 627–628 Paralytic shellfish poisoning, 1589, 1589t Paramalignant pleural effusion, 315 Paramedian artery occlusion, in stroke, 982 Paramyxovirus respiratory infections, 1392–1394 Paranasal sinuses, 213–223 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 223, 849 granulomatous disease of, 222 infections of, 213–218, 1303t. See also Rhinosinusitis; Sinusitis inflammatory disease of, 223 malignant tumors of, 223 in sarcoidosis, 223 Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, 994, 1596t Paraneoplastic pemphigus, 138 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 1594–1595, 1596t achalasia and, 605 autoimmune, 994–995 hypercalcemia and. See Hypercalcemia, cancer-related in lung cancer, 994, 995, 1596t, 1597 neurologic disorders and, 994–995 neuropathies, 975, 1024 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Paranoid delusion, 1054 Paranoid personality disorder, 1052t Paranoid schizophrenia, 1053 delusions and, 1053, 1054 Paraparesis, tropical spastic, 1383–1384 Paraphilias (sexual arousal disorders), 1049–1050, 1050–1051 in female, 766, 767, 1714 Paraplatin. See Carboplatin Paraplegia. See also Paralysis spinal cord infarction causing, 988–989 spinal trauma causing, 1018 after thoracic aneurysm repair, 475 Parapneumonic pleural effusion, 313, 314, 314t, 315–316
CMDT 2013
1883
in community-acquired disease, 272 in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 Paraproteins in monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, 528 in myeloma, 527–528, 528, 936 neuropathy associated with, 1023 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529, 530 Parasitic infections diarrhea in, 574t, 578 stool analysis for, 576 myocarditis in, 409t Parasomnias, 1077–1078 Parasternal lift in heart failure, 400 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 Parathar. See Teriparatide Parathion poisoning, 1587 Parathyroid gland disorders of, 1135–1144, 1137f, 1140f. See also Hyperparathyroidism; Hypoparathyroidism adenoma/hyperplasia, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1143, 1144 in hypercalciuria, 948 in MEN, 1138–1139, 1141, 1144, 1188–1189, 1188t, 1189 carcinoma, 1138, 1139, 1143, 1144 resection of (parathyroidectomy), 1142–1144 thyroid surgery affecting, 1116, 1119, 1129, 1135 transplantation of tissue from, for hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 1137 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1135. See also Hyperparathyroidism; Hypoparathyroidism bisphosphonates affecting, 1142, 1147 calcium balance/imbalance and, 882, 883, 884, 1135, 1138, 1140f in hypercalciuria, 947, 947t, 948 in hypophosphatemia, 885, 1139, 1140 magnesium imbalances and, 882, 887, 1135–1136, 1136 in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 912, 912f, 913, 1139 after parathyroidectomy, 1143 phosphate balance/imbalances and, 884, 885, 886, 1139, 1140 recombinant human. See Teriparatide reference values for, 1733t resistance to, in pseudohypoparathyroidism, 1137 Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in cancer-related hypercalcemia, 883, 884, 1141 in hypophosphatemia, 886 Parathyroidectomy, 1142–1144 hypoparathyroidism after, 1135, 1143, 1189 in MEN 1, 1144, 1188–1189 Paravaccinia, 1404 Paravertebral abscess, in spinal tuberculosis, 863 Parechovirus infection, 1408
1884
CMDT 2013
Parenchymal lung disease diffuse, 292–297, 292t, 294t. See also specific disorder and Interstitial lung disease pulmonary hypertension and, 423t, 424 respiratory failure caused by, 320t Parenteral fluids. See Fluid management/ hydration Parenteral nutritional support, 897, 1271, 1271f. See also Nutritional support acidosis and, 893, 1274t in burn injury, 1552 complications of, 1274–1275, 1274t for Crohn disease, 642, 643 in pancreatitis, 714 patient monitoring during, 1275 for protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 in short bowel syndrome, 626 solutions for, 1273–1274, 1273t Paresis (general). See also Weakness in syphilis, 1472 Paresthesias, 976 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in diabetes mellitus, 1197 malabsorption and, 621t in thoracic outlet syndrome, 819 Paricalcitol, for hyperparathyroidism, 1143 Parietal lobe lesions, 991 Parkin gene, in parkinsonism, 998 Parkinsonism, 997–1001, 999t drug-induced, 998, 1004, 1061 antipsychotic agents and, 998, 1061 Parkland formula, for fluid resuscitation in burns, 1550 Parnate. See Tranylcypromine Paromomycin for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t for cryptosporidiosis, 1508 for giardiasis, 1509 for leishmaniasis, 1489 Paronychia, 151 candidal, 131, 131f, 132, 151 staphylococcal, 151, 152 Parotid glands. See also Salivary glands chronic inflammatory/infiltrative disorders affecting, 232 in mumps, 1370, 1370f, 1371 sialadenitis affecting, 232 in Sjögren syndrome, 843 tumors of, 232–233 Parotidectomy, 233 Parotitis, 1370, 1370f, 1371 Paroxetine, 1067. See also Serotoninselective reuptake inhibitors MAOI interactions and, 1585 overdose/toxicity of, 1591–1592 ophthalmic effects and, 196t during pregnancy, 1067–1068 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, recurrent, 388 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501–502 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 381–383 PARP-inhibitors. See Poly-ADP ribosepolymerase inhibitors Pars plana vitrectomy, for retinal detachment, 180 Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis), 178. See also Uveitis
index Partial mole, 791. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease Partial pressure of carbon dioxide. See Paco2; Pco2 Partial pressure of oxygen. See Pao2; Po2 Partial seizures. See Focal (partial) seizures Partial-thickness burn, 1550 survival and, 1550 Partial thromboplastin time/activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT/aPTT) prolonged acquired factor VIII antibodies causing, 553 in congenital coagulation disorders/ hemophilia, 550 in DIC, 545, 554 in hepatic coagulopathy, 553 lupus anticoagulant causing, 554, 834, 836 in vitamin K deficiency, 553 reference values for, 1733t Partner abuse (domestic violence), 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 Partner Violence Screen (PVS), 1712 Parvovirus B19 infection. See Erythrovirus (parvovirus B19) infection PAS. See Aminosalicylic acid Pasireotide, for Cushing disease, 1160 Passive smoking (environmental tobacco smoke), health hazards of, 6 asthma, 243 cancer, 6, 1595 COPD, 6, 259 during pregnancy, 783 Pasteurella species, in animal bite infections, 1289 Patanol. See Olopatadine Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 Patella, 1692 Patellar apprehension test, 1697t, 1701 Patellar grind test, 1701 Patellofemoral joint, assessment of, 1697t, 1700–1701 Patellofemoral pain/syndrome, 1692, 1697t, 1700–1701 Patent ductus arteriosus, 332–333, 333t Patent foramen ovale, 327–329 Paternal age, mutations and, 1666 Pathergy phenomenon, in Behçet syndrome, 853 Pathologic fractures. See also Fractures of hip, 1689–1690, 1690 in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 1139, 1141 malabsorption and, 621t in myeloma, 528, 529 in osteomalacia, 1150 in osteoporosis, 1145 Patient adherence/nonadherence (compliance/ noncompliance). See Adherence/nonadherence Patient-controlled analgesia, 1091
Patient-delivered therapy, for STDs, 1291 Patient–doctor relationship. See Doctor– patient relationship Patient education acne and, 126 adherence and, 1–2 asthma management and, 248, 249f, 256, 258f diabetes/insulin therapy and, 1218 fibromyalgia and, 823 heat-related disorders and, 1547 HIV infection/AIDS and, 1333, 1335 postexposure prophylaxis and, 1336 infertility and, 768, 955 psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1091 in SLE, 834 sleep disorders and, 1076 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, assessment of suicidal intent and, 1065 Patient surrogate, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, 89 Patient values/preferences, assessing in older adult, 57 Pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia), 156 in women, 156, 1719–1720 Patulous eustachian tube, 202 Paucibacillary (tuberculoid) leprosy, 1460. See also Leprosy Pauci-immune (ANCA-associated) glomerulonephritis, 849, 907, 919t, 921f, 924 Pavor nocturnus (sleep terror), 1077, 1078 PAX-4 (Arg133Trp) mutation, in idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus, 1194 Paxil. See Paroxetine Pazopanib, 1655t Pb. See Lead PBG. See Porphobilinogen PCA. See Patient-controlled analgesia PCEC (purified chick embryo cell culture) rabies vaccine, 1315, 1377 PCI. See Percutaneous coronary intervention PCI-02765, for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 PCL. See Posterior cruciate ligament Pco2. See also Paco2 in acid-base disorders, 888–889, 889, 889t arterial, 888–889 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1232 in metabolic acidosis, 889t in metabolic alkalosis, 889t, 894, 895 reference values for, 1728t in respiratory acidosis, 889, 889t, 896 in respiratory alkalosis, 889, 889t, 896 in respiratory failure, 320 venous, 889 PCOS. See Polycystic ovary syndrome PCP. See Phencyclidine PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction PCV. See Pressure control ventilation PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine). See Pneumococcal vaccine
index PCWP. See Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PDA. See Patent ductus arteriosus PDGF. See Platelet-derived growth factor PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha) mutation, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1619, 1620 PDT. See Photodynamic therapy PDX1, in MODY, 1195 PE (pulmonary embolism). See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism Pea soup diarrhea, in enteric (typhoid) fever, 1445 Peak expiratory flow (PEF) in asthma, 245t, 246t, 247 exacerbation classification/ management and, 246t, 247t, 256, 257, 257f, 258f in cough evaluation, 22 Pedal pulses absence of in lower leg/foot disease, 467 in spinal stenosis, 822 Pediculosis (capitis/corporis/pubis), 148. See also Lice Pediculus humanus var capitis, 148 var corporis, 148, 1408 Pedophilia, 1049–1050 intrafamilial (incest), 1050 PEEP. See Positive end-expiratory pressure Peer support groups. See Support groups PEF. See Peak expiratory flow PEG. See Polyethylene glycol Pegasys. See Peginterferon Pegfilgrastim, for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1649, 1659t Peginterferon. See also Interferon-a/ interferon alfa for essential thrombocytosis, 514 for hepatitis B, 675, 675–678, 676 for hepatitis C, 671, 676–677, 676–678 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 for hepatitis D, 676 for polycythemia, 513 toxicity of, 677–678 Pegintron. See Peginterferon Pegloticase, for hyperuricemia/gout, 816 Pegvisomant, for acromegaly/gigantism, 1101 Pelger-Huet abnormality, 518 Peliosis hepatis in bartonellosis, 1454 drugs/toxins causing, 683 Pellagra, 1265 Pelvic abscess, anaerobic, 1456 Pelvic adhesions, chronic pain and, 1715, 1716 Pelvic appendicitis, 630 Pelvic examination, in rape victim, 778 Pelvic floor dyssynergia, 570, 570t, 571 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/pelvic infection, 762–764, 1304t. See also Endometritis; Salpingitis in actinomycosis, 1457 anaerobic, 1304t, 1456
appendicitis differentiated from, 631, 763 chlamydial, 763, 1301t, 1304t, 1461– 1462 dysmenorrhea and, 750 gonococcal, 763, 1304t, 1452, 1453 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332 IUDs and, 763, 774 Pelvic muscle (Kegel) exercises for fecal incontinence, 659, 660 for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 for urinary incontinence, 68, 69 Pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Pelvic pain chronic in female, 1714–1716 in male (nonbacterial prostatitis), 942t, 943–944 in dysmenorrhea, 750, 1715 in ectopic pregnancy, 790 in endometriosis, 760, 761, 1714, 1715 in PID, 763 Pelvic varices, pelvic pain and, 1715 Pemberton sign, 1123 Pemetrexed, 1651t Pemphigoid, bullous, 139 Pemphigus, 138–139, 138f foliaceus/erythematosus, 138 paraneoplastic, 138 vulgaris/vegetans, 138 Pen injectors, for insulin administration, 1216 Penbutolol, 448t Penciclovir, 119, 1354t. See also Famciclovir Penicillamine adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for Wilson disease, 697 Penicillin. See also specific disorder used in allergy to, 1305–1306 for anaerobic pneumonia/lung abscess, 279, 1455 for anthrax, 1432, 1433t for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 215 for endocarditis, 1421, 1437, 1438 for group B streptococcal infection prophylaxis in pregnancy, 784–785 for Lyme disease, 1481, 1482 for non-sexually transmitted treponematoses, 1474 for pharyngitis, 229, 1420 platelet function affected by, 549t resistance to in enterococcal infections, 1422 in pneumococcal infections, 1423, 1424 for rheumatic fever, 418 for syphilis. See Syphilis Penicillin skin testing, 1305, 1306 Penicillium marneffei infections, 1540 Penile discharge. See Urethral discharge Penile prostheses, 953, 1227 Penile tumescence testing, nocturnal, 952, 1050 Penlac. See Ciclopirox Pentalogy of Fallot, 331 Pentamidine for African trypanosomiasis, 1485, 1485t
CMDT 2013
1885
blood glucose levels affected by (hyper-/hypoglycemia), 1244, 1535 for leishmaniasis, 1489 for P jiroveci infection, 1325, 1337t, 1338t, 1534, 1535 pneumothorax and, 316 Pentasa. See Mesalamine Pentavalent antimonials, for leishmaniasis, 1488–1489 Pentosan, for interstitial cystitis, 946 Pentostam. See Stibogluconate Pentostatin, 1651t for hairy cell leukemia, 524 Pentoxifylline for alcoholic liver disease, 681 for leg ulcers, 154 PEP. See Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy; Protein electrophoresis Peptic stricture of esophagus, 592t, 595. See also Esophagus, strictures of Peptic ulcer disease, 611–619 complications of, 617–619 dyspepsia in, 564, 565, 612 gastric cancer and, 609, 617, 1616–1617 gastric outlet obstruction and, 619 GI bleeding in, 581, 617–618 H pylori-associated, 609, 611, 612–613, 613–615, 614t, 615 gastritis and, 609 HSV infection and, 1352 NSAID-induced, 611, 611–612, 614t, 615–616, 828–829 pharmacologic/medical management of, 613–615, 614t, 615–616 refractory, 617 silent, 612 smoking and, 6, 611 ulcer perforation and, 618–619 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and, 619–620, 1172, 1189 Pepto-Bismol. See Bismuth compounds Peptostreptococci, 1454 Peramivir, 1354t, 1396, 1398, 1399 Perceptual distortions psychedelic drug use and, 1084 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Percocet. See Oxycodone Percodan. See Oxycodone Percussion. See Chest percussion Percutaneous aspiration/injection/ reaspiration (PAIR), for hydatid cysts, 1516 Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 357–358, 364t, 367–368 for acute coronary syndromes, 364, 364t for angina, 357, 357–358 angiography before, 354 CABG compared with, 358 for myocardial infarction, 364t, 367–368 prophylactic/preoperative, 48–49 for traumatic injuries, 428 Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy, 238
1886
CMDT 2013
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in biliary stricture, 708 in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). See Angioplasty, coronary; Percutaneous coronary intervention Percutaneous valvuloplasty. See Valvuloplasty Perennial rhinitis, 218 Perforation in appendicitis, 631 pregnancy and, 807 of colonic diverticula (diverticulitis), 651–652 ulcer, 618–619 Performance anxiety, 1041 Perfusion scans lung. See Ventilation-perfusion scans myocardial. See Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy Pergolide for pituitary adenoma, 1101, 1104 withdrawal of from market, 1000 Periampullary adenomas, 655 Periampullary/ampullary carcinoma, 1607–1612, 1620 Perianal cellophane tape test, in enterobiasis/pinworms, 1520 Perianal disease. See also Anorectal disorders abscesses and fistulas, 661 anal cancer, 1612t, 1629–1630 in Crohn disease, 641, 642, 642–643 hematoma, thrombosed hemorrhoid causing, 658 in ulcerative colitis, 646 warts, 139, 140, 140f, 659, 752. See also Venereal (genital) warts Perianal pruritus. See Anogenital/perianal pruritus Pericardial disease, 419–423 in SLE, 833 Pericardial effusions, 420–421 in Kawasaki syndrome, 1417 malignant, 420, 1645, 1646 myxedema, 420, 1106 in pericarditis, 419, 420. See also Pericarditis in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 Pericardial friction rub in myocardial infarction, 366, 375 in pericardial effusion, 421 in pericarditis, 419 Pericardial tamponade. See Tamponade Pericardiectomy/pericardial window for constrictive pericarditis, 423 for pericardial effusion/tamponade, 421 for pericarditis, 420 in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 Pericardiocentesis in inflammatory pericarditis, 420 for pericardial effusion/tamponade, 421, 428 Pericarditis acute inflammatory, 419–420
index bacterial, 419, 420 chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 29, 419 constrictive, 422–423 cirrhosis and, 687 restrictive cardiomyopathy differentiated from, 416, 422 superior vena caval obstruction and, 482 coxsackieviruses causing, 419, 1406 effusive-constrictive, 422 myocardial infarction and, 375, 419, 419–420 neoplastic, 419, 420 pneumococcal, 419, 1423 postmyocardial infarction/ postcardiotomy (Dressler syndrome), 375, 419, 419–420, 420 radiation, 419, 420, 1554 tuberculous, 419, 420 uremic, 419, 420, 910, 912 viral, 419, 420 Perichondritis, 199 Perihepatitis, Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome and, 763 Peri-infectious glomerulonephritis, 921f Perilymphatic fistula, 210t, 211 Perindopril, 450t Perinephric abscess, dysuria and, 43 Periocular pain. See Ocular/orbital pain Periodic limb movement disorder (nocturnal myoclonus), 1077 Periodic paralysis, 1036–1037 hyperkalemic, 878t, 1036–1037 hypokalemic, 878t, 1036 in hyperthyroidism, 1036, 1113, 1119 normokalemic, 1037 Periodontal disease anaerobic, 1454, 1455 pneumonia and, 278, 1455 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 Perioperative management. See Preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management Periorbital pain. See Ocular/orbital pain Peripartum cardiomyopathy, 429–430 Peripheral artery aneurysms, 475–476 Peripheral intravenous lines, infection/ infection prevention and, 1284, 1305 Peripheral nerve tumors, mononeuropathy caused by, 1020, 1026 Peripheral neuropathies, 1020–1029. See also specific type and Neuropathies in diabetes, 1022, 1224–1226, 1225f Peripheral pulses. See Pulses Peripheral stem cells, for transplantation, 532, 533 Peripheral vascular disease. See Vascular disorders Peripheral vein nutritional support, 1271, 1271f. See also Nutritional support solutions for, 1271, 1274 Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), superficial thrombophlebitis and, 480
Peristalsis, disorders of. See Motility disorders Peritoneal carcinomatosis, 588, 590 Peritoneal dialysis, 915–916. See also Dialysis for chronic kidney disease, 915–916 for hyperkalemia, 881t for hypermagnesemia, 888 Peritoneal effusions, malignant, 1645 Peritoneovenous shunts, for ascites, 689 Peritoneum diseases of, 587–591, 587t. See also specific type and Ascites; Peritonitis nausea and vomiting in, 567t mesothelioma arising in, 591, 1602 Peritonitis, 1302t ascitic fluid analysis in, 588, 589, 590, 689 dialysis and, 916 diverticulitis and, 651, 652 in familial Mediterranean fever, 591 peptic ulcer perforation and, 618 perforated appendicitis and, 631 pregnancy and, 807 secondary, 589–590 spontaneous bacterial, 589–590, 689 in cirrhosis, 589, 689 tuberculous, 588, 590 Peritonsillar abscess/cellulitis, 229–230, 1420 Periungual warts, 139, 140 PERK gene mutation, in diabetes, 1196 Perlane. See Hyaluronic acid fillers Permethrin for pediculosis, 148 for scabies, 147 Permissive hypercapnia, 321 for asthma, 259 Permitil. See Fluphenazine Permixon. See Saw palmetto Pernicious anemia, 497, 498 carcinoid tumors and, 610, 1619 gastritis and, 497, 610 subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and, 1013 Pernicious vomiting of pregnancy, 787–788 Peroneal (fibular) nerve, common, injury to, 1027 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-a), fibrates affecting, 1254 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g) thiazolidinediones affecting, 1209 thyroid cancer and, 1127 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g) tumor suppressor gene, thyroid cancer and, 1127 Perphenazine, 1056, 1056t, 1057t in elderly, 1058 Persistent anovulation. See Polycystic ovary syndrome Persistent vegetative state, 1016 Personal relationships, social issues for terminally ill/dying patient and, 91–92, 92t
index Personality changes due to general medical condition, 1088 in neurosyphilis, 1472 Personality disorders, 1051–1053, 1052t Perspiration. See Sweating Pertussis (whooping cough), 1440–1441 cough in, 21, 22, 23, 1440 prevention/immunization and, 3, 1307, 1440. See also Pertussis vaccine Pertussis vaccine, with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTaP/Tdap vaccines), 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1314, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 Pertuzumab, for breast cancer, 741 Pes anserine bursa/bursitis, 1692 PESI. See Pulmonary embolism severity index Pessary for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 for urinary incontinence, 69 Pesticide poisoning (cholinesterase inhibitors), 1566t, 1587 Pestiviruses, gastroenteritis caused by, 1404–1405 PET. See Positron emission tomography Petit mal (absence) seizures, 970, 970t. See also Seizures drug therapy for, 973t Petrolatum, as skin emollient, 94 Petroleum products, toxicity/abuse of, 1086, 1587–1588 aspiration and, 308, 1587–1588 Petrosal sinus sampling, in hypercortisolism/Cushing syndrome, 1159 Petrous apicitis, 204–205 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 655 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Peyronie disease, 951, 952, 953 Dupuytren contracture and, 824 PF4 heparin antibody. See Heparinplatelet factor 4 antibody PFA-100 closure time, reference values for, 1733t PFO. See Patent foramen ovale PFT. See Pulmonary function tests PGA. See Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome PGI2. See Prostacyclin pH in acid-base disorders, 888–889, 889, 892t. See also specific type in acidosis, 889, 890 in alcoholic ketoacidosis, 891 in alkalosis, 889, 895 arterial blood, 888–889 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1232, 1233 esophageal, monitoring, 593
in gastroesophageal/ laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234, 593, 594, 596–597 gastric nosocomial pneumonia and, 276 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 619–620 in lactic acidosis, 1237 in metabolic acidosis, 889, 890 in metabolic alkalosis, 889, 895 in near drowning, 1556 pharyngeal, monitoring, in gastroesophageal/ laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234 pleural fluid, 314 in parapneumonic effusion, 314, 315 reference values for, 1733t in respiratory acidosis, 889, 896 in respiratory alkalosis, 889, 896 urine calcium stones and, 947, 949 cystine calculi and, 947, 949 manipulation of in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 in metabolic alkalosis, 895 in normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893 stone disease and, 947 struvite calculi and, 947, 949 uric acid calculi and, 947, 949 vaginal, 751 venous blood, 889 Phacoemulsification, for cataract removal, 179 Phaeohyphomycosis, 1541 Phakic intraocular lenses, 163 Phalen sign, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 824, 1688–1689, 1689t Pharmaceuticals. See under Drug Pharmacogenetic tests. See also Genetic testing/counseling clinical relevance of, 1725–1726t Pharyngeal dysphagia, 592. See also Dysphagia Pharyngeal pH monitoring, in gastroesophageal/ laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234 Pharyngitis, 227–229, 228f, 1303t antibiotics for, 228, 229, 1303t, 1420 in diphtheria, 228, 1419, 1433 Fusobacterium necrophorum, 1419, 1420, 1454 gonococcal, 1452, 1453 in mononucleosis, 228, 1361, 1362, 1419 nonstreptococcal exudative (adenovirus), 1402 in peritonsillar abscess and cellulitis, 229, 1420 in Still disease, 831 streptococcal, 228–229, 228f, 1303t, 1419–1420 eruptive (guttate) psoriasis after, 106 glomerulonephritis and, 922, 1419 rheumatic fever and, 229, 417, 418, 1419, 1420 Pharyngoconjunctival fever, 165, 1402 Pharynx, 224–232 Phenacetin, in analgesic nephropathy, 932–933
CMDT 2013
1887
Phenazopyridine methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 for urinary tract infection, 45, 940 Phencyclidine, 1084, 1583 aggressive/violent/psychotic behavior caused by, 1055, 1078, 1084 Phenelzine, 1070t overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1585 Phenobarbital, 972, 973t, 1042t, 1723t for anxiety, 1042t, 1044 overdose/toxicity of, 973t hemodialysis for, 1568t for seizures, 972, 973t, 1565 status epilepticus and, 974 Phenothiazines, 1055, 1056. See also Antipsychotic drugs hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism and, 1138 overdose/toxicity of, 1574 ophthalmic effects and, 196t Phenotypic resistance testing, in antiretroviral therapy, 1347, 1348, 1349 Phenoxybenzamine for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959t pheochromocytoma surgery and, 1170 Phentermine, for obesity, 1260, 1261 d-Phenylalanine derivative, for diabetes mellitus, 1206t, 1208 Phenylbutazone adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t lithium interactions and, 1074t Phenylpropanolamine, in OTC medications, 1086 Phenytoin, 972, 973t, 1723t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for arrhythmias, 377 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 974, 1573 ophthalmic effects and, 196t for seizures, 972, 973t pregnancy and, 803 status epilepticus and, 974 vitamin D deficiency/supplementation and, 1149, 1151 Pheochromocytoma, 438, 1166–1171, 1168t, 1169t b-blocker use in, 446, 1170 headache in, 41, 1167 hypertension in, 438, 440, 1166–1167, 1167, 1168t, 1169 in MEN, 1167, 1188t, 1189 metastatic, 1170–1171 PHEX endopeptidase mutation, in osteomalacia/rickets, 1150 Philadelphia chromosome, 510, 515 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 519, 521 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 510, 515, 516 Phimosis in balanitis, 132 in chancroid, 1453 Phlebectomy, 479 Phlebitis. See Thrombophlebitis Phlebotomy for hemochromatosis, 695 for polycythemia, 512 for polycythemia-related pulmonary hypertension, 305 for porphyria cutanea tarda, 122
1888
CMDT 2013
Phlebovirus, hemorrhagic fever caused by, 1385 Phlegmon in Crohn disease, 641 in neck infection, 230 Phlegmonous (necrotizing) gastritis, 610 Phobic disorder, 1041, 1044 Phonic tics, in Tourette syndrome, 1005 Phonophobia, in migraine headache, 41, 41t, 962, 963 Phosphate. See Phosphorus/phosphate Phosphate enema, 572t Phosphatidylinositol class A (PIG-A) gene defect, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501 Phosphatonin (fibroblast growth factor-23), 884, 1150 in metabolic bone disease/renal osteodystrophy/ osteomalacia/rickets, 912, 1150 Phosphaturia hyperparathyroidism and, 1140 hyperphosphatemia and, 886 hypophosphatemia and, 886 osteomalacia and, 1150, 1151 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t, 1226 for asthma, 252, 255 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 for erectile dysfunction, 952, 1051, 1067 antidepressant-induced, 1051, 1067 in diabetes, 1226 nitrate/nitroglycerin contraindications and, 370, 952, 1226 for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f Phospholipase A2 receptor, in membranous nephropathy, 929 Phosphorus/phosphate calcium metabolism affected by, 885 in calcium nephrolithiasis/ hypercalciuria, 947t, 948 deficiency of, 1150. See also Hypophosphatemia in osteomalacia/rickets, 878t, 1150, 1151 dietary/supplementary for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1234 for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236–1237 for hypophosphatemia, 886 for osteomalacia, 1151 requirements for in nutritional support, 897, 1272 restriction of in chronic kidney disease, 912–913, 915 disorders of concentration/metabolism of, 884–887, 885t, 886t. See also Hyperphosphatemia; Hypophosphatemia in chronic kidney disease/renal osteodystrophy, 912, 912f, 1144 genetic disorders and, 878t, 1150 in hypercalcemia, 884
index in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136 parathyroid hormone affecting, 884, 885, 886, 1139, 1140 reference values for, 1733t urinary excretion of. See Phosphaturia Photoallergy, 152. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity Photocoagulation for age-related macular degeneration, 181 for diabetic retinopathy, 185, 1223 for retinal detachment, 180 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 for sickle cell retinopathy, 187 Photodermatitis/photosensitivity, 95t, 152–153 acne treatment and, 127 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 drugs causing, 95t, 152–153, 159t in SLE, 834 Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses, 117 for cholangiocarcinoma, 1607 for esophageal cancer palliation, 1614 Photoepilation, 1163–1164 Photophobia in corneal abrasion, 192 in migraine headache, 41, 41t, 962, 963 in ultraviolet (actinic) keratitis, 194 Photopsia (flashing lights), in migraine headache, 963 Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), 162 Photoresection, Nd:YAG laser, for lung cancer palliation, 1600 Photosensitive epilepsy, 971 Photosensitivity. See Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis, 104 for lichen planus, 144 for major depression with seasonal onset, 1071 for psoriasis, 107 Phototoxicity, 152. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity Photovaporization of prostate (PVP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Phrenic nerve, hiccups caused by irritation of, 569 Phthirus pubis, 148 Phycomycosis (mucormycosis), 1538 rhinocerebral, 217 Phyllodes tumor of breast, 719 Physical abuse. See Abuse Physical activity. See Exercise/activity Physical inactivity. See Inactivity Physical instability. See Falls; Gait/gait disorders; Instability Physical therapy for complex regional pain syndrome, 825 after fall, 66, 67t for stroke patient, 982–983 Physician, relationship of with patient. See Doctor–patient relationship
Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) forms, 89 Physiologic drug dependence, 1079 Physostigmine, for atropine/ anticholinergic overdose/ delirium, 1566t, 1575, 1583 Phytanic acid metabolism, in Refsum disease, 1022 Phytoestrogens (plant-derived estrogens), 1185 Phytonadione for anticoagulant overdose, 1573 for hypoprothrombinemia, in cirrhosis, 690 for vitamin K deficiency, 553 Phytotherapy, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 PI. See Protease inhibitors Pica, in iron deficiency anemia, 491 PICC. See Peripherally inserted central catheter Pickwickian syndrome (obesityhypoventilation syndrome), 318 Picornaviruses, gastroenteritis caused by, 1404–1405 PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease Piebaldism, 155 PIG-A gene defect, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501 Pigeon-breeder’s disease (bird-fancier’s lung), 310t Pigmentary skin disorders, 155–156. See also Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation; Pigmented skin lesions drugs causing, 155, 160t in hypercarotenosis, 1267 Pigmented basal cell carcinoma, 142 Pigmented skin lesions, 95t, 100–103. See also specific type Pill-induced esophagitis, 598–599 Pilocarpine for chemotherapy/radiation-induced toxicity, 1658t for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 175, 177 Pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test, in cystic fibrosis, 267–268 Pilopine. See Pilocarpine Pimecrolimus, 97t for atopic dermatitis, 97t, 104 T cell lymphoma and, 104 Pimozide, for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Pindolol, 448t for aggressive/violent behavior, 1078 for angina, 355–356 for hypertension, 448t Pineal tumor, 990t Pinguecula, 167 Pingueculitis, 167 Pink puffers, 260, 260t Pink top tubes, 1736t PINK1 gene, in parkinsonism, 998 Pinta, 1475 Pinworm infection, 1519–1520 anogenital pruritus and, 146, 1520 Pioglitazone, 1206t, 1220, 1221
index with glimepiride, 1213 with insulin, 1221 with metformin, 1213 overdose/toxicity of, 1210, 1220, 1580 Piperacillin-tazobactam for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455, 1455t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Piperaquine, 1492t, 1495 with dihydroartemisinin, 1493t, 1494t, 1495, 1497 Piperazines, 1056. See also Antipsychotic drugs Pipracil. See Piperacillin Piracetam, for myoclonus, 1004 Pirbuterol, for asthma, 254t, 255 Piroxicam, 78t Pit viper envenomation, 1589–1590 Pitavastatin, 1253–1254, 1255t Pitting (nail), 157 in psoriasis, 106, 106f, 856 in reactive arthritis, 857 Pituitary adenoma, 1093 ACTH-secreting, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1189 GH-secreting, 1100, 1189 hypopituitarism caused by, 1093 in MEN, 1093, 1100, 1188t, 1189 Nelson syndrome and, 1160 prolactin-secreting, 1093, 1095, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1189 surgical resection/removal of, 1096, 1097, 1101, 1104, 1160 thyrotrophe (TSH-secreting), 1111, 1117 Pituitary apoplexy, 1096 Pituitary gland destruction/necrosis of, adrenal crisis caused by, 1154 disorders of, 1093–1105 acromegaly/gigantism, 1100–1102 amenorrhea caused by, 1179, 1180, 1181 anterior hypopituitarism, 1093– 1098 diabetes insipidus, 1098–1100. See also Diabetes insipidus diabetes mellitus. See also Diabetes mellitus hyperprolactinemia, 1102–1105, 1103t hormones produced by, 1094t absence of (panhypopituitarism), 1094–1095 combined deficiency of, 1094–1095 hyperplasia of, thyrotrophe, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1117 in hypothyroidism, 1106, 1107, 1108 tumors of. See also Pituitary adenoma amenorrhea caused by, 1179, 1180 Pituitary microsurgery, 1101 Pityriasis alba, in atopic dermatitis, 103 rosea, 108–109, 108f drugs causing eruptions similar to, 109, 160t rubra pilaris, 116 versicolor (tinea versicolor), 113–114 Pityrosporum ovale. See Malassezia furfur Pivot shift test, knee stability/ACL injury and, 1695t, 1698
“Pizza-pie” retinopathy, in CMV infection, 1364 PKD1/PKD2 gene mutations, 934 PKR-like ER kinase gene, in diabetes, 1196 PLA2R (phospholipase A2 receptor), in membranous nephropathy, 929 Placenta previa, third-trimester bleeding caused by, 797 Placental abruption, third-trimester bleeding caused by, 797 Plague, 1300t, 1451 chemoprophylaxis for, 1315, 1451 Plan B, for emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 Plantar fibromatosis, Dupuytren contracture and, 824 Plantar hyperkeratosis of heels, 141 Plantar nerves, compressive lesions of, 1027 Plantar warts, 139, 140 Plaque psoriasis, 106. See also Psoriasis Plasma cell leukemia, 528 Plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, 528 in myeloma, 527, 528 Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) screening test. See Chromogranin A Plasma fractions/components, transfusion of, 537. See also Fresh-frozen plasma; Transfusion for thrombotic microangiopathies, 543 Plasma glucose, in diabetes, 1198, 1198t Plasma preparation tubes (PPT), white/ green/light green, 1736t Plasma renin activity in Addison disease, 1156 in aldosteronism, 438, 1164, 1165 in hypertension, 436, 438 reference/normal values for, 1734t Plasma renin concentration, in aldosteronism, 1165 Plasma ultrafiltration, for acute tubular necrosis, 906 Plasmacytomas, 527. See also Myeloma Plasmapheresis for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1025 for multiple sclerosis, 1011 for myeloma, 936 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Plasminogen, reference values for, 1733t Plasminogen activator I, congenital deficiency of, 552 Plasmodium, 1490–1499. See also Malaria falciparum, 1490–1499, 1491f resistant strains of, 1493, 1494, 1494t, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1498t severe infection caused by, 1490, 1490–1491, 1493, 1494t uncomplicated infection caused by, 1493, 1493t, 1494t knowlesi, 1490 malariae, 1490–1499, 1491f
CMDT 2013
1889
ovale, 1490–1499, 1491f vivax, 1490–1499, 1491f resistant strains of, 1492, 1494, 1496 Plastic surgery, aesthetic, 1720–1721. See also Reconstructive surgery Platelet-associated IgG, 1733t Platelet count, 539t bleeding/platelet transfusion and, 536, 538, 539t chemotherapy dosage modification and, 1659t in chronic myeloid leukemia, 511t, 516 cyclic oscillations of (cyclic thrombocytopenia), 540 in essential thrombocytosis, 511t, 513 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511t in polycythemia, 511t, 512 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 793t in pregnancy, 547 reference/desired values for, 539t, 1733t Platelet-derived growth factor for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, 540 for diabetic foot ulcers, 1225 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1619, 1620 Platelet disorders, 538–549, 539t acquired, 548–549, 549t congenital, 548 qualitative, 548–549, 549t thrombocytopenia, 538–548, 539t, 541f, 543t, 544t, 546t, 547t. See also Thrombocytopenia Platelet function test, reference values for, 1733t Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors. See Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors Platelet-inhibiting agents. See Antiplatelet therapy Platelet transfusion, 536. See also Transfusion contraindications to in thrombotic microangiopathy, 543 for DIC, 545, 546t for GI bleeding/variceal hemorrhage, 582 in myelodysplastic syndrome, 540 Platelets. See also Platelet disorders aspirin/NSAIDs affecting function of, 549t, 611, 829 autoantibodies against. See Antiplatelet antibody in Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 548 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 549t drugs inhibiting. See Antiplatelet therapy in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 548 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, 549t in polycythemia, 512 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 sequestration of in spleen, 539t, 547, 547t in storage pool disease, 548 in von Willebrand disease, 551, 552t
1890
CMDT 2013
Platinol. See Cisplatin Platinum analogs/platinum-based chemotherapy, 1650t. See also Cisplatin for lung cancer, 1599–1600 Platypnea in hepatopulmonary syndrome, 691 orthodeoxia, in patent foramen ovale, 329 Pleconaril in enterovirus infection, 1407 in poliomyelitis, 1373 Plendil. See Felodipine Plerixafor, for stem cell mobilization, 532 Plesiomonas, diarrhea caused by, 574t, 578 Plethysmography, impedance, in venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, 300 Pleural biopsy in lung cancer, 1597 in tuberculosis, 281–282, 314–315 Pleural diseases, 313–317, 313t, 314t. See also Pulmonary disorders occupational, 308–311 respiratory failure caused by, 320t Pleural effusions, 313–316, 313t, 314t in asbestosis, 311 drug-induced, 312t exudative, 313, 313f, 314, 314t, 315 in heart disease/failure, 314, 399 in lung cancer, 314t, 315, 1597 malignant, 315, 1645, 1645–1646 in mesothelioma, 1602, 1603 paramalignant, 315 parapneumonic, 313, 314, 314t, 315–316 in community-acquired disease, 272 in pneumococcal pneumonia, 1423 rheumatoid, 314t transudative, 313, 313t, 314, 315 tuberculous, 282, 314–315, 314t Pleural fluid analysis, 313–314 in anthrax, 1432 in lung cancer, 314t, 315, 1597 in malignant effusion, 315 in mesothelioma, 1602 in pneumonia, 272 in tuberculosis, 281–282, 281t, 314–315, 314t Pleural friction rub, 313 in pulmonary embolism, 298t Pleural mesothelioma/malignant pleural mesothelioma, 1602–1603 Pleurectomy, for mesothelioma, 1603 Pleuritis/pleuritic chest pain, 28–29, 28t, 313 in epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease), 1406 in pericarditis, 419 in thoracic actinomycosis, 1457 Pleurodesis, for malignant pleural effusion, 1646 Pleurodynia, epidemic, 1406 Plexiform neuroma, 996 Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy (idiopathic/primary pulmonary hypertension), 304, 423, 424, 425 Plexopathy (diabetic amyotrophy), 1022, 1225
index Plummer disease (toxic adenoma of thyroid), 1111, 1116 in MEN, 1188t Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 491, 600 PMDD. See Premenstrual dysphoric disorder PML. See Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML-RARa fusion gene, 519 PMLE. See Polymorphous light eruption PMS. See Premenstrual syndrome/tension PMS2 genes, in HNPCC, 656 PNES. See Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure Pneumatic compression devices for lymphedema, 484 for venous insufficiency/leg ulcers, 154, 481 for venous thromboembolic disease, 555–556 Pneumatic dilation. See also Esophageal dilation for achalasia, 605 Pneumatic retinopexy, for retinal detachment, 180 Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) infections, 1299t, 1302t, 1422–1425 drug resistance and, 228, 273, 273–274, 1423, 1424 endocarditis, 1423, 1438 immunization against. See Pneumococcal vaccine keratitis, 172 meningitis, 1302t, 1424–1425 pericarditis, 419, 1423 pneumonia, 271, 272–273, 274, 276, 1302t, 1303t, 1421, 1422–1424 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326 Pneumococcal vaccine, 1308t, 1309t, 1312t adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t for asthma patients, 253 for cystic fibrosis patients, 268 herpes zoster vaccine and, 1361 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 in pneumonia prevention, 274 revaccination and, 1312t Pneumoconioses, 309, 309t Pneumocystis carinii. See Pneumocystis jiroveci infection; Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, 1338t otitis, 213 pentamidine treatment/ chemoprophylaxis and, 1325, 1337t, 1338t, 1534, 1535 pneumonia. See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prevention of, 1280, 1337, 1337t, 1339, 1535 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (pneumocystosis), 279, 1325–1326, 1338t, 1533–1535
CD4 T cell count and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1326, 1337, 1339, 1534, 1535 dyspnea and, 25 pentamidine treatment/ chemoprophylaxis and, 1325, 1337t, 1338t, 1534, 1535 pneumothorax and, 316, 317, 1534 prophylaxis of, 1280, 1337, 1337t, 1339, 1535 Pneumocystosis. See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and, 317 Pneumonectomy, extrapleural, for mesothelioma, 1603 Pneumonia, 270–279, 1303t. See also specific causative agent and Pneumonitis adenoviruses causing, 1402 anaerobic, 278–279, 1302t, 1303t, 1455 in aspergillosis, 1537 aspiration, 1303t. See also Aspiration in anaerobic infections, 278, 1303t, 1455 in community-acquired disease, 270–271, 274 drug use and, 1292 gastric contents causing, 308 nosocomial disease and, 275 toxic materials and, 308 bronchial obstruction and, 243 bronchiolitis obliterans and (BOOP/ cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis/ COP), 269, 294t, 295 chlamydial C pneumoniae causing, 1302t, 1303t, 1462–1463 in psittacosis, 1462 CMV, 1364 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 community-acquired, 270–275, 270t, 272t, 273t, 1302t cough and, 22, 22f cryptococcal, 1536 desquamative interstitial (DIP), 269, 294t dyspnea in, 25, 271 eosinophilic, 297. See also Löffler syndrome in H1N1 influenza, 1399 Haemophilus causing, 1442 health-care associated, 275–278, 276t, 277t, 1302t herpes simplex, 1351–1352, 1352 in histoplasmosis, 1531 hospital-acquired, 275–278, 277t hospitalization of patient with, 270, 274, 274–275 idiopathic interstitial, 293–295, 294t in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 279, 1325–1326, 1533–1535. See also Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia CD4 T cell count and, 1322–1323, 1323f, 1324, 1326, 1339 influenza and, 271, 1395, 1396
index Legionnaires, 271, 272t, 1299t, 1302t, 1303t, 1443 in leptospirosis, 1477 lipoid, 308 in measles, 1368, 1369 mercury vapor, 1583 mycobacterial (NTM), 287–289, 1458 necrotizing, 278 nonspecific interstitial (NSIP), 294t, 295 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326–1327 nosocomial, 275–278, 276t, 277t, 1302t plague, 1451 pleural effusion in (parapneumonic pleural effusion), 313, 314, 314t, 315–316 in community-acquired disease, 272 pneumococcal, 1423 pneumococcal/streptococcal, 271, 272– 273, 274, 276, 1302t, 1303t, 1421, 1422–1424 immunization against. See Pneumococcal vaccine Pneumocystis. See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia postoperative, 50–51, 50t prevention of, 274 in Q fever, 1416 RSV, 1393 in SARS, 1401 treatment of, 1303t anaerobic infection, 278–279, 1302t, 1303t, 1455 community-acquired disease, 272– 274, 273f, 1302t hospitalized patient and, 274 nosocomial disease, 277, 277t, 1302t in tularemia, 1450 usual interstitial (UIP), 293, 294t, 295 varicella zoster virus, 1358 during pregnancy, 804 ventilator-associated, 275–278, 277t, 321, 1283 viral, 271 Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), 274 Pneumonitis. See also Pneumonia acute gastric aspiration causing, 308 CMV, 1364 cryptogenic organizing (COP/ idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia/BOOP), 269, 294t, 295 in H1N1 influenza, 1399 hydrocarbon/petroleum distillates/ solvents causing, 308, 1587– 1588 hypersensitivity, 310, 310t interstitial, drug-induced, 312t mercury vapor, 1583 methotrexate causing, 829 radiation, 312, 1554 toxoplasmic, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1501 Pneumoplasty, reduction, for COPD, 265 Pneumothorax, 316–317 catamenial, 316 chest pain/discomfort in, 316, 355 in COPD, 261, 316 dyspnea in, 24, 316
iatrogenic, 316 P jiroveci pneumonia/pentamidine prophylaxis and, 316, 317, 1534 spontaneous, 316–317 tension, 316, 317 traumatic, 316 Pneumovax. See Pneumococcal vaccine PNH. See Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3) gene, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 Po2. See also Pao2 in dyspnea evaluation, 25 in pulmonary embolism, 298 reference values for, 1733t in respiratory failure, 320 Podagra, 813 Podophyllum resin (podophyllin/ podofilox), for genital warts, 140, 753 Poison control centers, 1562, 1570 Poison ivy/oak/sumac, 124, 124f, 866. See also Allergic contact dermatitis Poisoning/drug overdose, 1562–1592. See also specific drug or agent abdominal radiographs in, 1570 anion gap in, 891, 1569. See also Anion gap/anion gap acidosis antidotes for, 1566, 1566t arrhythmias in, 1564, 1564t coma caused by, 1015, 1232t, 1562–1563 diagnosis of, 1568–1570, 1569t eye decontamination in, 194, 1566 gastrointestinal decontamination in, 1566–1568, 1568t hypertension in, 1564 hyperthermia in, 1565 hypotension in, 1563–1564 hypothermia in, 1563 initial evaluation in, 1562 laboratory tests in, 1568–1570, 1569t osmol gap in, 877, 1569, 1569t patient observation and, 1562 physical examination in, 1568 seizures in, 1565, 1565t skin decontamination in, 1566 toxicology screen in, 1569–1570, 1569t Poisonous mushrooms, 1585–1586, 1586t anticholinergic-type, 1575, 1583 hallucinogenic mushrooms and, 1583, 1586t liver failure and, 673, 674, 1585 Poisonous snakes, 1566t, 1589–1590 Poliomyelitis, 1372–1374 prevention/immunization and, 1372, 1373–1374. See also Poliovirus vaccine vaccine-associated/VDPV and, 1372, 1374 Poliovirus vaccine, 1372, 1373–1374 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 5, 1314 pregnancy and, 786 for travelers, 1315 vaccine-derived virus (VDPV) and, 1372, 1374
CMDT 2013
1891
POLST forms, 89 Poly-ADP ribose-polymerase inhibitors, for breast cancer, 741 Polyalcohols (polyols), for diabetics, 1205 Polyangiitis, microscopic. See Microscopic polyangiitis Polyarteritis. See also Arteritis glomerulonephritis in, 919t neuropathy associated with, 847, 1024 nodosa, 150, 847–848 Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis. See Arthritis/ arthralgia Polycarbophil. See Fiber, dietary Polychondritis, relapsing, 199, 852–853 Polycystic kidney disease, 934–935, 934t intracranial aneurysms and, 935, 986 Polycystic ovary syndrome, 765–766, 1162 acne in, 125 amenorrhea in, 765, 1162, 1179, 1180 hirsutism/virilization in, 765, 1162 infertility and, 765, 766, 768 obesity in, 765, 766, 1162 Polycythemia, 511–513, 511t, 512t, 1610t in cor pulmonale, 426 hypertension and, 436 pulmonary hypertension and, 305 spurious, 511, 512 vera, 511–513, 511t, 512t, 1610t hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome) and, 698 Polydipsia/thirst, 1055 in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1197t in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 1139 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872, 873 lithium causing, 1073 psychogenic, 1055, 1099 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 873, 1055 in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1055 Polyendocrinopathy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy, autoimmune, 1135, 1155. See also Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Polyethylene glycol/PEG 3350 for constipation/preoperative bowel cleansing, 571, 572t, 585 for whole bowel irrigation, 1567 Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, 1135, 1155 Addison disease in, 1155 Hashimoto thyroiditis in, 1120 type 1, 1135, 1155 autoimmune hepatitis in, 679 type 2, 1120, 1155 Poly-L-lactic acid, for age-related facial changes, 1721 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in Lyme disease, 1480, 1480–1481 in malaria, 1492 in meningitis, 1287 in syphilis, 1467 Polymorphic reticulosis, 223 Polymorphonuclear neutrophil count. See Neutrophil count Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), 153
1892
CMDT 2013
Polymyalgia rheumatica, 845–847 fibromyalgia differentiated from, 823 polymyositis differentiated from, 841 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Polymyositis, 840–842 autoantibodies in, 833t, 841 cancer-related, 840, 841 Polymyxin B/trimethoprim sulfate, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Polyneuropathies, 1020–1021, 1021–1026. See also specific type and Neuropathies acute idiopathic. See Guillain-Barré syndrome cancer-related, 976, 1024 chronic inflammatory, 1025–1026 in critically ill patients, 1024 in diabetes mellitus, 1022, 1224–1225, 1225f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1328 in Lyme disease, 1023, 1479 in polyarteritis nodosa, 847, 1024 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1024 in sarcoidosis, 1024 toxic, 1024 Polyols (polyalcohols), for diabetics, 1205 Polypectomy cervical, 753 colonoscopic, 653–654, 1628 GI bleeding after, 584, 654 colorectal cancer and, 654, 1626, 1628 Polyphagia with weight loss, in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1197t Polypharmacy, in elderly, 71–72 falls and, 65, 67t urinary incontinence and, 67 Polypoid corditis, 235 Polyps/polyposis adenomatous, 652, 653. See also Adenomatous polyps familial, 654–655, 1622. See also Familial adenomatous polyposis nonfamilial, 653–654 cervical, 753 of colon, 652–657 colorectal cancer and, 653, 654, 655, 1622, 1623, 1626, 1628 GI bleeding and, 584 screening for, 15t, 16, 1624, 1624f, 1626–1628, 1626t esophageal, 601 gastric, 620–621 hamartomatous, 655 in HNPCC, 656–657 hyperplastic/serrated, 652, 653, 653–654 juvenile familial, 655 malignant, 654 nasal, 222 allergic rhinitis and, 218, 222 nonneoplastic, 652 submucosal, 652 vocal fold, 235 Polyradiculoneuropathy/ polyradiculopathy in CMV infection, 1364 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1024 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1023, 1328 in Lyme disease, 1023, 1479
index Polysomnography preoperative, 51 in sleep apnea, 319 in snoring, 231 Polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia, 881t, 914 Polysurgery (surgery proneness), 1090 somatization disorder and, 1045 Polytrim. See Polymyxin B/trimethoprim sulfate Polyuria in Cushing syndrome, 1158, 1159 in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1197t in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 883, 1139 lithium causing, 1073 in obstructive uropathy/ tubulointerstitial disease, 932, 933 Pomalidomide, for primary myelofibrosis, 515 Pomeroy tubal resection, 777 Pompholyx (vesiculobullous hand eczema), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 Ponatinib, for chronic myeloid leukemia, 517 Ponstel. See Mefenamic acid Pool (swimming pool) granuloma, 1458 Pool (swimming pool) safety, 1556 Popliteal arteries acute occlusion of, 468 aneurysms of, 475–476 atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 465–466 compression of, in DVT detection, 300 Popliteal (Baker) cyst, 825, 826, 1692 Porcelain gallbladder, 703t, 705, 1606 Pork. See also Meat in gnathostomiasis, 1522 in trichinosis, 1521, 1522 Pork tapeworm (T solium), 1514 cysticercosis and, 1514, 1515 Porphobilinogen, urinary in porphyria, 1664 reference values for, 1733t Porphobilinogen deaminase, deficiency of in porphyria, 1664 Porphyria acute intermittent, 1022, 1664–1665, 1665t cutanea tarda, 122, 122f hemochromatosis and, 695 photosensitivity and, 153 peripheral nerve involvement in, 1022, 1664 variegate, 1022 Porphyrins, urine, in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 Portal cavernoma, 699, 700 Portal decompression, for esophageal varices, 603 Portal hypertension ascites in, 587, 587–588, 587t cirrhosis and, 688 malignant, 590 cirrhosis and, 601, 688 esophageal varices and, 581, 601 GI bleeding in, 581, 601
noncirrhotic, 699–700 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 pulmonary hypertension in, 424 Portal hypertensive gastropathy, 581, 607, 608–609. See also Portal hypertension Portal vein thrombosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension caused by, 699, 700 Portopulmonary hypertension, 691 Portosystemic shunts emergency/surgical, for esophageal varices, 603 rebleeding prevention and, 603–604 transvenous (transjugular). See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts Posaconazole, 1542, 1542t for aspergillosis, 1538 for mucormycosis, 1538 prophylactic, 1281 Positioning vertigo, benign paroxysmal (BPPV), 210t, 211 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for ARDS, 321, 322, 323 for near drowning, 1556 for smoke inhalation, 307 Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy, in cystic fibrosis, 268 Positive inotropic agents. See Inotropic agents Positive-pressure breathing for COPD, 264 intermittent (IPPB), prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 Positive-pressure ventilation for ARDS, 323 for COPD, 264 for respiratory failure, 321 Positron emission tomography (PET) in angina, 353 in biliary tract carcinoma, 1606–1607 for breast cancer evaluation, 727 in dementia, 1007 in liver disease/jaundice, 665 for lung cancer staging, 1598 in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1169 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 290–291 in thyroid cancer evaluation/ surveillance, 1129, 1131, 1133 in thyroid nodule/goiter, 1121, 1123, 1124 in thyroiditis, 1121 Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, 304 Postcardiotomy/postmyocardial infarction pericarditis (Dressler syndrome), 375, 419, 419–420, 420 Postcholecystectomy syndrome, 706 Postcoital/emergency contraception, 776 IUD for, 774, 776 Postdysenteric colitis, 1504
index Postencephalitic parkinsonism, 998 Postepileptic automatism, 970 focal seizures and, 969 Posterior blepharitis, 163, 164 Posterior cerebral artery occlusion, in stroke, 981 Posterior communicating artery, disorders of in third nerve paralysis, 190 Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), 1692, 1699 assessment of, 1696t, 1699 injury of, 1696t, 1699–1700 Posterior drawer sign/test, 1696t, 1699 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery obstruction, in stroke, 981 Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, 188 Posterior nasal cavity, epistaxis originating in, 221 Posterior synechiae, in uveitis, 178 Posterior uveitis, 177, 178. See also Uveitis Postgonococcal urethritis/cervicitis, 1453, 1462 Postherpetic neuralgia, 120, 120–121, 968, 1359 varicella vaccine in prevention of, 120, 968, 1360 Posthypercapnia alkalosis, 895, 896 Posthypocapnia acidosis, 893, 897 Postictal period, psychogenic nonepileptic/pseudoepileptic seizure and, 972, 1045 Postinfarction ischemia/angina, 372 Postinfectious glomerulonephritis, 919t, 921f, 922, 1419 Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, 633 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, 155, 156 Post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis, 1487–1488 Post-Lyme disease syndrome, 1482t Postmenopausal osteoporosis. See Osteoporosis Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, 749 endometrial carcinoma and, 749, 759 Postmyocardial infarction/ postcardiotomy pericarditis (Dressler syndrome), 375, 419, 419–420, 420 Postnasal drip, cough caused by, 21, 22, 22t, 23 Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, 53, 53t Postoperative fever, 1283 Postoperative hyponatremia, 872 Postoperative ileus, 627 Postpartum depression, 1063 Postpartum infection anaerobic, 1456 C sordellii causing, 1429 mastitis, 721, 797–798 candidal, 132 streptococcal, 804 Postpartum psychosis, 1063 Postpartum thyroiditis, 800, 1111, 1120, 1121 Postphlebitic syndrome, 33, 479 Postpoliomyelitis syndrome, 1373 Postpolypectomy hemorrhage, 584, 654 Postpolypectomy surveillance, 654
Postprandial (reactive) hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1242–1243. See also Hypoglycemia Postrenal acute kidney injury/azotemia, 902t, 903. See also Acute kidney injury Postsurgical anxiety states, 1090, 1091 Post-thrombotic syndrome, 481 compression stockings in prevention of, 563 Posttransfusion purpura (PTP), 546 Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, 1277, 1362, 1363 Posttraumatic epilepsy/seizure disorder, 969 Posttraumatic headache, 965 Posttraumatic stress disorder, 1039–1040 abuse victims and, 1039, 1712 rape and, 778 Posttraumatic syringomyelia, 1019 Posttraumatic vertigo, 211 Postural drainage in bronchiectasis, 266 in chronic bronchitis, 264 in cystic fibrosis, 268 Postural hypotension. See Orthostatic (postural) hypotension Postural instability. See Falls; Gait/gait disorders; Instability Postural tremor, drug-induced, 1004 Posture in impingement syndrome, 1675 neck pain and, 1686 Posture stimulation test, in aldosteronism, 1165 Potassium dietary/replacement, 1269 for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1234 in fluid management, 897, 897t for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 hypertension and, 11, 436, 441 for hypokalemia, 879 in renal tubular acidosis, 894 requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 restriction of, in chronic kidney disease, 915 for thyroid nodules, 1125 disorders of concentration of, 877–880, 877t, 878t, 880t, 881t. See also Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia in acidosis, 879, 892, 892t genetic disorders and, 878t periodic paralysis and, 878t, 1036–1037 serum/plasma levels of aldosterone/aldosteronism and, 402, 878, 1164 in hyperkalemia, 879, 880 phlebotomy technique and, 1164 reference values for, 1734t urinary levels of, in hypokalemia, 878 Potassium channel blocking drugs, for arrhythmias, 377, 378–379t Potassium chloride. See Potassium, dietary/replacement Potassium citrate for hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 for uric acid calculi, 949
CMDT 2013
1893
Potassium concentration gradient, transtubular (TTKG), 878 Potassium iodide in table salt, goiter prevention/ treatment and, 1135 for thyroid nodules, 1125 Potassium-sparing diuretics, 446 for heart failure, 401 lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t Potomania, beer, hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 873 Pott disease (spinal tuberculosis), 863–864 Pott puffy tumor, 216 Potts shunt, for tetralogy of Fallot, 331 Pouchitis, 649 Poultry avian influenza and, 1397, 1398 in gnathostomiasis, 1522 psittacosis and, 1462 Powassan encephalitis/agent, 1378–1380, 1391 Power of attorney, durable, for health care, 89 Poxvirus infections, 1403–1404. See also specific type in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 pp65 antigen, in CMV infection, 1365 PPAR-a. See Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha PPAR-g. See Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma PPARG gene. See also Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in insulin resistance, 1194 PPD (purified protein derivative) test, 282, 283t. See also Tuberculin skin test PPSV/PPSV23. See Pneumococcal vaccine PPT (plasma preparation tubes), white/ green/light green, 1736t PPV (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). See Pneumococcal vaccine PR3-ANCA. See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; Proteinase-3 ANCA PRA. See Plasma renin activity Prader-Willi syndrome, 1093–1094, 1094 Pralatrexate, 1651t Pralidoxime, for cholinesterase inhibitor (anticholinesterase) poisoning, 1566t, 1587 PrameGel. See Pramoxine Pramipexole, for parkinsonism, 1000 Pramlintide, 1207t, 1213 overdose/toxicity of, 1213, 1580 Pramosone. See Hydrocortisone; Pramoxine Pramoxine, 94, 98t, 146 Prandi-Met. See Repaglinide, with metformin Prandin. See Repaglinide Prasugrel for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 371, 376 PCI and, 362t
1894
CMDT 2013
Pravachol. See Pravastatin Pravastatin, 1246, 1247, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 in older patients, 1251 Prax. See Pramoxine Praziquantel for clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis, 1513 for cysticercosis, 1515 for intestinal flukes, 1514 for paragonimiasis, 1513 for schistosomiasis, 1512 for tapeworm infections, 1514 Prazosin, 456t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959, 959t for hypertension, 453, 456t for urinary incontinence, 69 Pre-Gen Plus. See Multitarget DNA tests Prebreakfast hyperglycemia, 1219–1220, 1219t Precholecystectomy syndrome, 705–706 Precose. See Acarbose Prediabetes, 1202 PredMild. See Prednisolone Prednicarbate, 96t Prednisolone for asthma, 251t, 254t for Bell palsy, 1028, 1355 for ophthalmic disorders, 170t Prednisone, 1190, 1190t. See also specific disease and Corticosteroids for Addison disease, 1157 for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), 1682 for allergic contact dermatitis, 125 for asthma, 251t, 254t, 255 for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 for autoimmune hepatitis, 679–680 for back pain, 1686 for Bell palsy, 1028 in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, 1025 for erythema nodosum leprosum, 1460–1461 for giant cell arteritis, 845, 846, 847 for granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 850 for herpes zoster, 120 for inflammatory bowel disease, 639 Crohn disease, 644 ulcerative colitis, 647, 648 for microscopic polyangiitis, 851 for minimal change disease, 929 in pain management, 85 perioperative, 54 for Pneumocystis infection, 1535 for polymyalgia rheumatica, 845, 846 for prostate cancer, 1637t Preeclampsia-eclampsia, 438, 792–795, 793t, 802 antihypertensive therapy in, 795 in hypertensive emergency, 461t in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791 headache and, 41, 793 hypermagnesemia associated with treatment of, 794, 888 late-onset (postpartum), 795
index Preexcitation syndromes, 383–384 atrial flutter and, 383, 384, 389 palpitations in, 31 Prefest, 1184 Pregabalin for neuropathic pain/diabetic neuropathy, 84–85, 84t, 1021, 1225 for restless legs syndrome, 1004 for seizures, 973t Pregnancy, 781–808 acne treatment and, 127 adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t air travel during, 786 alcohol use during, 783, 1081 amenorrhea (primary/secondary) caused by, 781, 786, 1180, 1181 anemia during, 784, 798–799 antidepressant use during, 1067–1068 antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 799–800, 834, 836 antipsychotic drug use during, 1060 appendicitis during, 630, 807 asthma during, 803 bleeding during ectopic pregnancy and, 790 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791 third-trimester, 797 breast cancer and, 730, 743, 745, 807– 808 breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t, 743, 1708 cardiac disease and, 429–431, 802–803 cardiomyopathy and dilated (peripartum cardiomyopathy), 429–430 hypertrophic constrictive, 415 Chlamydia trachomatis infection and, 784, 806, 1462 choledocholithiasis during, 807 cholelithiasis/cholecystitis during, 703, 704, 807 cholestasis of, 663t, 807 chorioamnionitis and, 798 in chronic kidney disease, 914 CMV infection during, 1363–1364, 1364, 1364–1365, 1365 complications of cardiovascular, 429–431, 802–803 during first and second trimesters, 787–792 infectious conditions, 803–806 medical conditions, 798–803 peripartum, 797–798 during second and third trimesters, 792–797, 793t surgical, 807–808 coxsackievirus infection during, neonatal myocarditis and, 1406 dengue and, 1387 depression during, 1067–1068 depression after (postpartum depression), 1063 diabetes insipidus and, 1098, 1099 diabetes mellitus and, 784, 800–801, 801t, 1230
continuous glucose monitoring systems and, 1200 diagnosis/differential diagnosis of, 781 drug/medication use/avoidance during, 782t, 783. See also specific agent ECT during, 1071 ectopic, 790–791 elective abortion and, 776 hCG levels in, 781, 790 IUDs and, 774 minipill use and, 773 PID and, 763 ruptured, appendicitis differentiated from, 631, 790 electrical burns during, 1553 endocarditis prophylaxis and, 431, 803 erythrovirus (parvovirus) infection in, 1402, 1403 fatty liver of, 673, 795 folic acid deficiency/supplementation during, 499, 783, 785, 799 gallbladder disease/surgery during, 703, 704, 807 genital warts/wart removal and, 140, 753 glucosuria and, 1198 gonorrhea and, 784, 806 group B streptococcal infection and, 784–785, 804 growth hormone replacement during, 1097 headache during, preeclampsia and, 41, 793 heart disease and, 429–431, 802–803 hepatitis B and, 667, 783, 806 vaccination/vaccination recommendations and, 669, 786, 806, 1309t hepatitis C and, 670, 671, 806 testing for, 783 hepatitis E and, 672 herpes infection during, 806, 1351, 1355, 1366 HIV infection/AIDS in, 783, 784, 805– 806, 1321, 1336 hypercortisolism and, 1160 hyperparathyroidism during, 1139 hypertension and, 437, 438, 461t, 793– 795, 793t, 802. See also Preeclampsia-eclampsia hyperthyroidism/Graves disease during, 800, 1111–1112, 1113, 1117, 1121 methimazole for, 800, 1117 propylthiouracil for, 800, 1115, 1117 thyroidectomy for, 1116, 1117 hypoosmolality of, reset osmostat and, 873 hypothyroidism/hypothyroidism treatment during, 800, 1106, 1108, 1109 immune thrombocytopenia associated with, 542 immunizations during, 786–787, 1307–1314, 1309t influenza/H1N1 influenza vaccination and, 3, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1395, 1396, 1399, 1400 iodine deficiency and, 1123, 1134
index iron requirements/deficiency anemia during, 491, 783, 785, 798 IUDs and, 774 lactation and, 786 listeriosis during, 1434 luteoma of, 1162 Lyme disease and, 1481, 1482 lymphocytic choriomeningitis and, 1381 malaria/malaria treatment/ chemoprophylaxis during, 787, 1490, 1495, 1497, 1498 manifestations of, 781 Marfan syndrome and, 431 mask of (melasma/chloasma), 155, 156 measles/measles vaccine during, 1309t, 1368 mitral stenosis and, 338 MMR vaccination and, 1309t, 1369 molar (hydatidiform mole), 791–792. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease hCG levels in, 781, 791, 792 hyperthyroidism in, 791, 1112 myomectomy and, 758 nutrition in, 785 ovarian tumors during, 808 parathyroidectomy during, 1142 pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and, 1168t preeclampsia-eclampsia in, 792–795, 793t hypermagnesemia associated with treatment of, 794, 888 prenatal care and, 782–785, 782t preterm labor/birth and, 796–797 prevention of hemolytic disease of newborn and, 785–786 prolactinoma in, 1102–1103, 1103, 1103–1104 prosthetic heart valves and, 338, 349, 431, 803 pulmonary hypertension as contraindication to, 425 Q fever during, 1416 rabies vaccination during, 1377 radiation exposure during, 783–784, 1554 radioactive iodine contraindicated in, 800, 1114, 1115, 1131 respiratory alkalosis in, 896 Rhesus alloimmunization (Rh incompatibility) and, 534, 783, 784, 785–786. See also Rho (D) immune globulin rubella exposure/rubella vaccination and, 1309t, 1374, 1375 scabies/scabies treatment and, 147 screening tests in. See Prenatal testing seizures/seizure treatment and, 803, 972 in eclampsia, 794, 795 sexually transmitted disorders and, 806 sickle cell anemia and, 799 smoking during, 783 streptococcal infection and, 784–785, 804 syphilis/syphilis testing and, 784, 806, 1467, 1474 termination of
by delivery in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 795 in diabetic patient, 801, 1230 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 794, 795 by elective abortion. See Abortion, elective/induced by recurrent (habitual) abortion, 789–790 by spontaneous abortion, 788–789 thrombocytopenia during, 547 thrombotic microangiopathies during, 542 thyroid disease during, 800, 1106, 1108, 1109, 1111, 1111–1112, 1113, 1117, 1119, 1120, 1121 hyperemesis gravidarum and, 787, 1111 hyperthyroidism, 800, 1111, 1111– 1112, 1113, 1117, 1121 hypothyroidism, 800, 1106, 1108, 1109 surgery for, 1116, 1117 thyroid cancer treatment and, 1130 thyroiditis, 800, 1111, 1119, 1120, 1121 toxoplasmosis during, 1501, 1502 travel and, 786–787 traveler’s diarrhea during, 787, 1298 trophoblastic disease and, 791–792, 1612t. See also Gestational trophoblastic disease tuberculosis/tuberculosis treatment during, 285–286, 287, 805 ultrasonography during, 781, 783, 784 ectopic pregnancy and, 790 of unknown location, 781 urinary tract infection during, 803–804 varicella (chickenpox)/varicella vaccine during, 786, 804–805, 1309t, 1359, 1360 virilization during, 1162 vomiting of, 781, 787–788 gestational trophoblastic disease and, 791 Wernicke encephalopathy and, 1013 in von Willebrand patients, 552 weight gain in, 783, 785 yellow fever vaccination and, 1316, 1390 Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), testing for, 783 Pregnancy tests, 781. See also Human chorionic gonadotropin in amenorrhea, 1180, 1181 in ectopic pregnancy, 781, 790 for rape victim, 778 in spontaneous abortion, 788 Prehn sign, 945 Prehypertension, 434, 434t treatment of, 434t, 441–442, 443 Prekallikrein deficiency, 552 Preleukemia, 517. See also Myelodysplastic syndromes Premarin cream, 1184 Premature beats. See Atrial (supraventricular) premature beats; Ventricular premature beats
CMDT 2013
1895
Premature ejaculation, 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/ impotence Premature menopause/ovarian failure, 779, 1181 in Turner syndrome, 1179, 1186, 1187 Premature rupture of membranes, 796 Premature ventricular contractions. See Ventricular premature beats Premenopausal bleeding abnormal, 747–749 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 normal menstrual. See also Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 749, 1063 Premenstrual syndrome/tension, 749–750 Premphase, 1184 Prempro, 1184 Prenatal care, 782–785, 782t Prenatal testing/diagnosis, 783, 784–785. See also Genetic testing for Down syndrome, 783, 1666 for Gaucher disease, 1668 for muscular dystrophy, 1034 for sickle cell disease, 503, 504, 783, 799 for syphilis, 784, 806, 1467, 1474 for toxoplasmosis, 1501, 1502 Prenatal vitamins, 783, 785 Preoperative evaluation/perioperative management, 46–56. See also specific type of disorder adverse ophthalmic effects of agents used in, 196t antibiotic prophylaxis and, 55–56 asymptomatic patient and, 46 cardiovascular disorders and, 46–50, 47t, 48f, 48t endocrine disorders and, 54–55, 54t hematologic disorders and, 46, 47t, 52, 53t kidney disease and, 55, 55t liver disease and, 51–52 neurologic disorders and, 53–54, 53t pulmonary disorders and, for non-lung resection surgery, 50–51, 50t Prepatellar bursae/bursitis, 825, 1692 Pre-proliferative retinopathy, 186 Prerenal acute kidney injury/azotemia, 902–903, 902t, 904. See also Acute kidney injury Presbyacusis (hearing impairment in elderly), 72, 198, 206 Presbyopia, 162 Presenilin gene, 1007 Preservative-free eye medications, contamination and, 195 Preservatives, ocular, toxic/ hypersensitivity reactions to, 166, 195 Pressure control ventilation, for respiratory failure, 321 Pressure support ventilation, for respiratory failure, 321 Pressure ulcers, 70–71, 71f bed rest/immobility and, 65, 70 Presurgical anxiety states, 1090
1896
CMDT 2013
Preterm birth, 796 Preterm labor, 796–797 Pretibial myxedema (Graves dermopathy), 1110, 1113 Preventive care, 1–20. See also specific disease adherence and, 1–2 approach to patient and, 1–2 immunization and, 3–5, 1307–1318, 1308–1313t, 1316–1317t principles of care and, 2 in women, 1706–1711 Prevotella, 1299t melaninogenica, 1454, 1455 Prezista/Norvir. See Darunavir, with ritonavir Priapism (prolonged painful erection), 951, 953 erectile dysfunction therapy causing, 951, 952, 953, 1226 trazodone causing, 1069, 1076–1077 Primaquine for malaria, 1492–1493, 1492t, 1494, 1494t, 1495–1496 chemoprophylaxis, 1496, 1498, 1498t for P jiroveci infection, 1338t, 1339, 1534, 1535 Primary angiitis of central nervous system, 854 Primary central nervous system lymphoma, 525 Primary effusion (body cavity) lymphoma, 1367 Primary exertional headache, 966 Primary headache associated with sexual activity, 966 Primary lateral sclerosis, 1019 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 709–710 cholangiocarcinoma and, 710 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 Primaxin. See Imipenem Primidone, 972, 973t Primrose oil (oil of evening primrose/ OEP), for fibrocystic condition, 719 Prinivil. See Lisinopril Prinzide. See Lisinopril, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide Prinzmetal (variant) angina, 360 Prion diseases, 1381–1382 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (familial/ variant) and, 1009, 1381– 1382 Huntington disease-like disorders and, 1002 Prion protein, 1381, 1382 Pristiq. See Desvenlafaxine PRK. See Photorefractive keratectomy PRNP gene in Huntington disease-like disorders, 1002 in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, 1009 Pro-IGF-2, nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia and, 1241–1242 Probenecid allopurinol interactions and, 816 for gout, 815 Probiotics for antibiotic-associated colitis, 636, 638
index for flatus, 573 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635–636 ulcerative colitis, 648 for pouchitis, 649–650 Problem drinking. See Alcohol use/ dependency/abuse; At-risk (problem) drinking Procainamide, 377, 378t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for arrhythmias, 377, 378t infarct-related, 373 supraventricular tachycardia, 378t, 382 ventricular tachycardia, 378t, 391 overdose/toxicity of, 378t, 1588 Procalcitonin assay in pneumonia diagnosis, 272 reference values for, 1734t Procarbazine, 1650t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t Procardia. See Nifedipine Prochlorperazine. See also Antiemetics for migraine headache, 963, 964 for nausea and vomiting, 84, 568t, 1660 overdose/toxicity of, 1574 Procollagen, in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 937 Procrit (epoetin alfa). See Erythropoietin Proctitis, 658 chlamydial, 659, 1462 diarrhea and, 575 herpes simplex, 1351, 1352, 1355 radiation, 584, 585 in syphilis, 658 in ulcerative colitis, 647 Proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 for ulcerative colitis, 649 Proctoscopy, for rectal cancer follow-up, 1626 Proctosigmoiditis, in ulcerative colitis, 646, 647 Proctosigmoidoscopy. See Sigmoidoscopy Procyclidine, for parkinsonism, 999t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs Prodromal schizophrenia, 1054 Profunda femoris artery, atherosclerotic/ occlusive disease of, 465 Progesterone. See also Progestins in estrogen replacement therapy, 1185 for preterm labor prevention, 796 receptors for, in breast cancer, 733–734 prognosis and, 734, 736, 736t, 743 therapy and, 734, 736, 738 serum levels of in infertility workup, 768 for pregnancy testing, 781 ectopic pregnancy and, 781, 790 topical, 1185 Progestin minipill, 772t, 773 Progestins for abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 748 in amenorrhea evaluation, 1181 in cancer chemotherapy, 1657t for chronic pelvic pain, 1715 for endometriosis, 761, 1715
in estrogen replacement therapy, 779– 780, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185 IUDs releasing, 1185 long-acting (contraceptive injections/ implants), 773 oral, 1185 in oral contraceptives, 770, 771–772t for postmenopausal bleeding, 749 Prognosis assessment of in older adult, 57, 58t, 59t at end of life, 87 Prognostic Burn Index, 1550 Progressive bulbar palsy, 1019, 1020 Progressive massive pulmonary fibrosis, 309 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 1328, 1382–1383 natalizumab and, 640, 1011, 1383 Progressive nonfluent aphasia, 1008t Progressive spinal muscular atrophy, 1019, 1020 Progressive supranuclear palsy, parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Proguanil with atovaquone (Malarone), 1492t, 1494t, 1497 for chemoprophylaxis, 1497, 1498, 1498t self-treatment and, 1498 during pregnancy, 787 Proinsulin in factitious hypoglycemia, 1239 in insulinoma, 1172, 1239 PROKR2 gene mutation, hypogonadism and, 1173 Prolactin (PRL) in cardiomyopathy of pregnancy, 429, 1103, 1103–1104 deficiency of, 1093 gynecomastia and, 1102, 1178 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and, 1096, 1102, 1103, 1175 serum levels of in amenorrhea, 1103, 1180, 1181 elevations in, 1102–1105, 1103t. See also Hyperprolactinemia infertility and, 768, 769, 955, 1102, 1103, 1104 in psychogenic nonepileptic/ pseudoepileptic seizure identification, 972, 1045 reference values for, 1734t tumors secreting, 1093, 1095, 1102, 1103, 1189 GH cosecretion and, 1093, 1103, 1189 Prolactinoma, 1093, 1095, 1102, 1103, 1189 GH cosecretion and, 1093, 1103, 1189 in MEN, 1102, 1189 Proleukin. See Aldesleukin Proliferative bronchiolitis, 269, 270. See also Bronchiolitis Proliferative retinopathy, 185, 185–186, 1223 Prolixin. See Fluphenazine Promethazine, 568t. See also Antiemetics overdose/toxicity of, 1574
index Prometrium. See Progesterone Pronator teres syndrome, 1026 Pronouncement (death), 93 PROP1 gene mutation, in hypopituitarism, 1093, 1094 Propafenone, 377, 378t for atrial fibrillation, 387 overdose/toxicity of, 378t, 1588 Propanil, methemoglobinemia caused by, 1584 Propecia. See Finasteride Prophylactic antibiotics. See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis Propine. See Dipivefrin Propionibacterium acnes, 125. See also Acne Propofol for drug-induced seizures, 1565 for migraine headache, 964 for status epilepticus, 974 Propoxyphene benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 removal of from market, 1586 Propranolol, 448t. See also Betaadrenergic blocking drugs for aggressive/violent behavior, 1078 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for arrhythmias, 378t for esophageal varices, prevention of rebleeding and, 603 for hypertension, 448t for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1114, 1115 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t overdose/toxicity of, 378t, 1575 for panic attacks, 1044 Proprioceptive disorders, in tabes dorsalis, 1472 Proptosis (exophthalmos), in dysthyroid eye/Graves disease, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118 RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 Propylene glycol, lactic acidosis and, 891 Propylthiouracil, for hyperthyroidism/ Graves disease, 1114–1115, 1115 during pregnancy/lactation, 800, 1115, 1117 RAI therapy and, 1115 thyroid crisis/storm and, 1118 toxic solitary thyroid nodule and, 1116 ProQuad. See MMRV (measles-mumpsrubella-varicella) vaccine Prosom. See Estazolam Prosopagnosia, intracranial tumors causing, 991 Prostacyclin/prostacyclin analogs, for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 425 Prostaglandin analogs. See also specific agent for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Prostaglandins in erectile dysfunction, 952–953 vascular evaluation and, 952
hyponatremia caused by, 872 NSAIDs affecting, 611 Prostate cancer, 1611t, 1630–1638, 1632t, 1633f, 1634f, 1635f, 1637t, 1638t chemoprevention and, 959–960 hormone therapy for, 1635, 1636, 1637t incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1630, 1632, 1632t, 1637, 1637t localized, 1632–1633 locally/regionally advanced, 1636 metastatic, 1636–1637 paraneoplastic syndromes and, 1596t pathology/staging of, 1632, 1634f, 1635f imaging in, 1631 screening for, 15t, 16, 1630–1631, 1631–1632, 1632t testosterone replacement therapy and, 1176, 1177 Prostate gland benign hyperplasia of, 956–961, 957t, 958f, 958t, 959t. See also Benign prostatic hyperplasia biopsy of, 1631, 1633f cancer of. See Prostate cancer electrovaporization of, 961 inflammation/infection of. See Prostatitis minimally invasive surgery on, 961 photovaporization of (PVP), 961 transurethral incision of (TUIP), 958t, 960 transurethral needle ablation of (TUNA), 961 transurethral resection of (TURP), 958t, 960 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 1630– 1631 in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956– 957 in prostate cancer, 1630, 1631, 1632t, 1633f after brachytherapy, 1636 in CAPRA assessment tool, 1637, 1637t screening and, 16, 1630–1631, 1631– 1632, 1632t, 1633f reference values for, 1632, 1734t Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity, in cancer screening, 1632, 1633f Prostatectomy, 1634–1635 open, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 960 radical, for prostate cancer, 1633, 1634–1635, 1637, 1638t transurethral laser-induced (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 transurethral (TURP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 960 urinary incontinence after, 958t, 960, 1634 Prostatic pain, in acute bacterial prostatitis, 943 Prostatitis acute bacterial, 940t, 942, 942t
CMDT 2013
1897
chronic bacterial, 940t, 942–943, 942t dysuria in, 43, 942, 943 gonococcal, 1452 nonbacterial, 942t, 943–944 Prostatodynia, 942t, 944 Prostheses arterial/endovascular. See Bypass grafting for joint replacement coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention and, 555, 555t osteomyelitis and, 862 perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with, 56 penile, 953 Prosthetic heart valves, 349–350. See also Valve replacement anticoagulant therapy and, 343, 349 pregnancy and, 349 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 endocarditis and, 338, 1435, 1437, 1439 anticoagulation and, 1439 pregnant patient and, 338, 349, 431, 803 Protamine, for heparin neutralization, 554 Protease inhibitors, 1341–1342t, 1344– 1345, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART antituberculous drug interactions and, 285, 1326 for hepatitis C, 677 lipid abnormalities caused by, 1344 resistance to, 1349 ritonavir boosting and, 1344 Protein ascitic fluid, 588 bacterial peritonitis and, 588, 589, 689 pancreatic ascites and, 591, 713 peritoneal carcinomatosis and, 590 cerebrospinal fluid, in CNS infection, 1286t dietary, 1269 deficiency of (protein–energy malnutrition), 1257–1258 in diabetic diet, 1204, 1205, 1224 lactation and, 786 nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders and, 928 requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 restriction of. See Protein-restricted diet urinary stone formation and, 946, 947, 948 pleural fluid, 314 serum in nephrotic syndrome, 927 reference values for, 1734t urinary, 898, 898–899. See also Proteinuria ratio of to urinary creatinine, 899 in glomerulonephritis, 908
1898
CMDT 2013
Protein C activated human recombinant for bacteremia/sepsis/shock, 488–489, 1444–1445 removal of from market, 489, 1445 resistance to, hypercoagulability and, 297 reference values for, 1734t Protein-calorie undernutrition (protein– energy malnutrition), 1257– 1258 Protein/creatinine urinary concentration, 899. See also Proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, 908 Protein electrophoresis in amyloidosis, 531 in myeloma, 528 in protein-losing enteropathy, 632 reference values for, 1734t urinary in myeloma, 528 in overload proteinuria, 899 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Protein–energy malnutrition, 1257–1258 Protein kinase gene, in myotonic dystrophy, 1034, 1035t Protein-losing enteropathy, 631–632 GI lymphoma and, 1650 in measles, 1368 in Whipple disease, 623 Protein malnutrition, in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 Protein-restricted diet, 1269 in acute tubular necrosis, 906 for chronic kidney disease, 914–915, 1269 for diabetes mellitus/diabetic nephropathy, 1205, 1224 for hepatic encephalopathy, 687, 690, 1269 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 for urinary stones, 947, 948 Protein S deficiency of, purpura fulminans and, 1359 reference values for, 1734t Proteinaceous infectious particles, 1381. See also Prion diseases Proteinase-3 ANCA (PR3-ANCA). See also Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849, 924 Proteinosis, pulmonary alveolar, 296 Proteinuria, 898, 898–899 asymptomatic, 918f Bence Jones. See Bence Jones proteinuria in chronic kidney disease, 908, 910 in diabetes mellitus/diabetic nephropathy, 931, 1224 by dipstick, 899 in glomerulonephritis/nephritic spectrum disorders, 907, 908, 918
index in IgA nephropathy, 923 in interstitial nephritis, 907 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in minimal change disease, 928, 929 in myeloma, 528, 936 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 898, 918, 918f, 927, 928 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 792, 793t, 794 in sickle cell disease/glomerulopathy, 936 in SLE, 834, 834t, 926 in tubulointerstitial disease, 932, 933 Proteus miribilis, 1300t vulgaris, 1300t Prothrombin (factor II) acquired antibodies to, 553 deficiency of, 552 des-gamma-carboxy, in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1604 Prothrombin time in alcoholic liver disease, 681, 682 in anticoagulant overdose/toxicity, 1573 in liver disease/jaundice, 553, 664t prolonged in cirrhosis, 553, 686, 690, 692t in DIC, 545, 554 in vitamin K deficiency, 553 reference/normal values for, 664t, 1734t Proton pump inhibitors adverse effects of, 596, 613 atazanavir and, 1345 for Barrett esophagus, 595 chest pain/discomfort in esophageal disorders and, 606 clopidogrel interaction/ coadministration and, 370, 616 for dyspepsia, 565, 566 for dysphagia, 606 for eosinophilic esophagitis, 600 for esophageal motility disorders, 606 gastrin levels affected by, 613 for GERD/esophagitis, 594, 596, 597 in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614, 614t, 615 H pylori test results affected by, 609, 613 hypomagnesemia and, 887–888 for laryngopharyngeal reflux, 234 for NSAID gastritis/ulcers/toxicity mitigation, 76, 608, 615, 615–616, 616, 828–829 for peptic stricture, 595 for peptic ulcer disease, 613, 614, 614t, 615, 616 bleeding management and, 582–583, 618 prevention and, 615–616 refractory ulcers and, 617 for stress gastritis, 321, 608 for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620, 1172, 1189 Protopam. See Pralidoxime Protopic. See Tacrolimus, topical Protoporphyrin
free erythrocyte, 1730t in sideroblastic anemia, 496 Protozoal infections, 1484–1511. See also specific type and organism diarrhea in, 574t, 578, 1330 myocarditis in, 409t Protriptyline, 1070t Provenge. See Sipuleucel-T Provera. See Progesterone Providencia, 1300t Provocation testing. See also specific test Provocative tests, in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 Proximal renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 894. See also Renal tubular acidosis genetic defects associated with, 878t tubulointerstitial disease and, 933 Prozac. See Fluoxetine Prozone phenomenon, 1466 PrPC/PrPSc, in prion disease, 1381, 1382 PRSS1 gene, in chronic pancreatitis, 715 Pruritus (itching), 95t, 145–150. See also specific cause ani, 146 tinea infection causing, 112 anogenital. See Anogenital/perianal pruritus arthropod bites causing, 148–150 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 145, 909t, 910 in cutaneous larva migrans, 1523 in decompression sickness (skin bends), 1557 in diabetes, 1197, 1197t drugs for systemic, 99 topical, 94, 98t of ear canal, 201 in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, 1139 in lichen simplex chronicus, 105 in polycythemia, 511, 512 in renal failure/uremia, 145, 909t, 910 vulvae, 146 PRV. See Rotavirus vaccine PSA. See Prostate-specific antigen Pseudallescheria boydii, in opportunistic infection, 1540–1541 Pseudoachalasia, 605 Pseudo-addiction, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and, 76 Pseudoallergic (anaphylactoid) reactions, 867 Pseudoaneurysm femoral artery, 476 GI bleeding and, 581 myocardial rupture and, 374–375 Pseudobacteremia, 1284 Pseudobulbar palsy, 1019 Pseudoclaudication, of spinal stenosis, 822 Pseudocysts pancreatic, 713, 717 ascites and, 591 cystic carcinoma differentiated from, 1608 infected (pancreatic abscess), 713, 714 vocal fold, 235
index Pseudodementia (depression and dementia), 59–60, 1006, 1088 Pseudoephedrine, MAOI interactions and, 1071t Pseudoepileptic seizures. See Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure Pseudofolliculitis, 129 Pseudofractures, in osteomalacia, 1150, 1151 Pseudogout, 809, 814, 816–817, 1674 Pseudogynecomastia, 1178 Pseudohermaphroditism, 1179 Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, 878t type II, 878t Pseudohyponatremia, 872, 874 Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 1135–1138, 1140f. See also Hypoparathyroidism Pseudomembrane, in diphtheria, 1419, 1433, 1434 Pseudomembranous colitis, 637. See also Colitis, antibiotic-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1300t bronchiectasis caused by, 266 eye medications contaminated by, 195 hot tub folliculitis caused by, 129, 130 keratitis caused by, 172 malignant external otitis caused by, 200 pneumonia caused by, 273t, 274, 276 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1326 Pseudomonic acid. See Mupirocin Pseudo-obstruction, intestinal acute (Ogilvie syndrome), 628–629 chronic, 629–630 Pseudopapilledema, 190 Pseudoporphyria, 122 Pseudoprecocious puberty, testicular tumors causing, 1177 Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, 1137 Pseudoseizures. See Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure Pseudoseptic arthritis, 859. See also Septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial) arthritis Pseudothrombocytopenia, 548 Pseudotumor cerebri, 995–996 headache and, 966, 995 lithium use and, 1073 pleural fluid, 315 PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index), 274 Psilocybin, 1084 Psilocybe mushroom poisoning and, 1586t Psittacosis (ornithosis), 1462 Psoas sign, in appendicitis, 630 Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. See also Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis, 104 for lichen planus, 144 for psoriasis, 107 Psoriasiform eruptions, drugs causing, 107, 160t Psoriasis, 106–108, 106f arthritis and, 106, 856–857 drugs causing, 107, 160t exfoliative dermatitis and (erythrodermic psoriasis), 106, 116
in HIV infection/AIDS, 106, 1331 lithium use and, 1073 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and, 684 tinea differentiated from, 112 Psoriatic arthritis, 106, 856–857 in HIV infection/AIDS, 106, 861, 1328, 1331 Psoriatic erythroderma, 106 Psoriatic spondylitis, 856 PSS1 mutation, pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 PSTI gene, in chronic pancreatitis, 715, 716 PSV. See Pressure support ventilation Psychedelic drug abuse, 1084 Psychiatric/psychologic disorders. See also specific type asthma differentiated from, 248 chest pain/discomfort and, 30, 607 cognitive disorders and, 1006, 1087–1089, 1087t. See also specific type in elderly, urinary incontinence and, 67 fatigue/chronic fatigue syndrome and, 38, 40 hospitalization and illness and, 1089–1092 hyponatremia and, 871f, 873 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633, 635, 636 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t vomiting and, 567t in Wilson disease, 696, 1004 Psychogenic dyspnea, 24, 25 Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES/ pseudoepileptic seizure), 971–972, 1045 Psychogenic polydipsia, 1055, 1099 hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 873, 1055 Psychologic challenges, for terminally ill/ dying patient, 91 Psychologic disorders. See Psychiatric/ psychologic disorders Psychologic drug dependence, 1079 Psychopathic (antisocial) personality disorder, 1051, 1052t, 1053 Psychosexual disorders, 1049–1051 sexual dysfunction and, 1050, 1051. See also Sexual dysfunction Psychosurgery, for OCD, 1044 Psychotic depression, 1054, 1055, 1058, 1065–1066, 1068 Psychotic disorders (psychoses), 1053– 1062, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also Schizophrenia alcohol withdrawal and (delirium tremens), 1080 alcoholic (organic) hallucinosis, 1081, 1082 atypical, 1054 brief, 1054 classification of, 1053–1054 delusions and, 1053–1054 depression and, 1054, 1055, 1058, 1065–1066, 1068 differential diagnosis of, 1055 drug-induced/toxic, 1055
CMDT 2013
1899
drug therapy for, 1055–1061, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs ECT for, 1058, 1060, 1071 in hypothyroidism (myxedema madness), 1106, 1108 intensive care unit, 1090 Korsakoff, 1013, 1081, 1264 late life (in elderly), 1054 mania differentiated from, 1055 personality disorders and, 1052, 1052–1053 postpartum, 1063 stimulant/cocaine abuse and, 1055, 1085, 1086 suicide risk and, 1054, 1056, 1060, 1064 Psychotic resolution, 1054 Psychotropic agents. See also Antianxiety drugs; Antidepressants; Antipsychotic drugs breastfeeding and, 782t hyponatremia and, 873 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 thrombocytopenia caused by, 547t Psyllium fiber, 572t, 1269. See also Fiber, dietary PT. See Prothrombin time PTC. See Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). See Angioplasty, coronary; Percutaneous coronary intervention PTEN multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden disease), 655, 1190 thyroid disease and, 1123, 1190 Pteroylmonoglutamic acid. See Folic acid Pterygium, 167, 172f PTF1A mutation, in diabetes, 1195 PTH. See Parathyroid hormone PTHrP. See Parathyroid hormone-related protein Ptosis in myasthenia gravis, 1032 in third nerve paralysis, 190 PTP. See Posttransfusion purpura PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder PTT. See Partial thromboplastin time Puberty delayed/failure to enter, 1096, 1173, 1175, 1179 adrenal hyperplasia and, 1157 male hypogonadism and, 1094, 1173, 1175 Turner syndrome and, 1186 gynecomastia during, 1178 Pubic lice, 148. See also Lice Puerperal mastitis, 721, 797–798 candidal, 132 Puestow procedure, modified, for pancreatitis, 717 Puffer fish poisoning, 1589, 1589t Puffy tumor, Pott, 216 Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 296 Pulmonary angiography, in pulmonary embolism, 300 chest pain evaluation and, 29 helical CT, 299, 300, 301f
1900
CMDT 2013
Pulmonary arteriopathy, plexogenic (idiopathic/primary pulmonary hypertension), 304, 423, 424, 425 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671, 1672 Pulmonary artery catheter, in shock management, 486–487 Pulmonary aspiration syndromes, 307– 308. See also Aspiration Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in ARDS, 322 in myocardial infarction, 367t in shock, 367t, 486, 487 Pulmonary circulation disorders, 297–307 alveolar hemorrhage syndromes, 306–307 pulmonary hypertension, 304–306, 304t, 423–425, 423t, 425f respiratory failure caused by, 320t thromboembolism, 297–303, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t. See also Pulmonary venous thromboembolism vasculitis, 306 Pulmonary cysts, hydatid, 1516 Pulmonary diffusing capacity. See Diffusing capacity Pulmonary disorders, 242–323. See also specific disorder and under Respiratory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 322–323, 322t acute respiratory failure, 319–322, 320t adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 195t air travel and, 1560 airway disorders, 242–270 in anthrax, 1431, 1432 in ascariasis, 1517 in aspergillosis, 266–267, 1537, 1538 in blastomycosis, 1538 chronic. See specific disorder and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 circulatory, 297–307 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532, 1533 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t cryptococcal, 1536 in decompression sickness, 1557 drug-induced, 292t, 311, 312t enterovirus 68 causing, 1408 environmental, 292t, 307–312 eosinophilic, 296–297 in filariasis, 296, 1525 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306, 848–849 hantaviruses causing, 1388–1389 in histoplasmosis, 1531 in HIV infection/AIDS, 279, 1325– 1327. See also Pneumonia; Tuberculosis in hookworm disease, 296, 1518 HSV causing, 1351–1352, 1352 immunization recommendations in, 1309t
index infections, 270–289. See also Pneumonia; Tuberculosis adenovirus, 1402 anaerobic, 278–279 Bordetella bronchiseptica causing, 1441 CMV, 1364 hemoptysis in, 26, 27 herpes simplex, 1351–1352, 1352 interstitial, 292t mycobacterial nontuberculous, 287–289, 289t, 1458 tuberculosis, 279–287, 281t, 282f, 283t, 284t, 289t. See also Tuberculosis viral, 1393–1401 interstitial (diffuse parenchymal), 292–297, 292t, 294 Kaposi sarcoma, 145, 1326, 1331 in measles, 1368 metastatic, 1601–1602 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851 neoplastic, 289–292. See also Lung cancer in nocardiosis, 1457 occupational, 292t, 308–311, 309t, 310t in paragonimiasis, 1513 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t pleural diseases and, 313–317, 313t, 314t postoperative, risk factors for, 50–51, 50t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 50–51, 50t radiation causing, 311–312, 1554 respiratory failure, 319–322, 320t in scleroderma, 838, 839 SIADH caused by, 873, 873t in SLE, 833 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in syphilis, 1471 toxic, 311. See also Toxic lung injury transfusion-related, 536 travel and, 1297 tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, 296, 1525 ventilation control disorders and, 317–319 Pulmonary edema, 407–409 in aortic regurgitation, 345 cardiac tumors causing, 427 drug-induced, 312t fluid resuscitation in burns and, 1551 in heart failure (cardiogenic), 399, 407–409 perioperative, 49 high-altitude, 1559 in hypertensive emergency, treatment of, 461t in mitral regurgitation, 339, 340 in near drowning, 1556 noncardiac causes of, 408 respiratory failure caused by, 320t in silo-filler’s disease, 311 transfusion-related (transfusionrelated acute lung injury), 536 Pulmonary embolectomy, 303 Pulmonary embolism. See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism
Pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI), 557, 560t Pulmonary fibrosis cor pulmonale caused by, 426 in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) diseases, 292, 293 drug-induced, 312t in pneumoconioses, 309 progressive massive, 309 radiation causing, 312, 1554 Pulmonary function tests. See also Spirometry in asthma/asthma exacerbation, 244f, 245t, 246–247, 246t, 247t, 256, 257 in COPD, 260–261, 260t in cor pulmonale, 426 in cystic fibrosis, 267 in lung cancer, 1598–1599 preoperative, 50–51 Pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale), 425–426 in COPD, 261, 264, 426 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 425, 426 Pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic, 307 Pulmonary hypertension, 304–306, 304t, 423–425, 423t, 425f in atrial septal defect, 328 in cirrhosis, 691 classification of, 423, 423t in COPD, 261, 305 cor pulmonale in, 305, 425, 426 drug and toxin, 424 heart failure and, 400, 424, 425 heritable, 423–424 in high-altitude illness, 424, 1559 in hyperthyroidism, 1112 idiopathic (primary), 304, 423, 424, 425 in mitral stenosis, 337, 338 in patent ductus arteriosus, 332 pulmonary valve regurgitation and, 348, 424 in scleroderma, 424, 838 secondary, 304–306, 304t in ventricular septal defect, 330 Pulmonary infarction, pleural effusion in, 314t Pulmonary infiltrates. See also Pneumonia in ARDS, 322 drugs causing, 312t in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 306 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 279, 1325 in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 288 travel and, 1297 Pulmonary nodules in metastatic disease, 1601 solitary, 290–291 Pulmonary osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic. See Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Pulmonary radiation fibrosis, 312, 1554 Pulmonary regurgitation. See Pulmonary valve regurgitation
index Pulmonary rehabilitation, for COPD, 264 Pulmonary stenosis, 325–326, 349 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331, 332 Pulmonary thromboembolism. See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, 305–306 Pulmonary tuberculosis, 279–287, 281t, 282f, 283t, 284t, 289t. See also Tuberculosis Pulmonary valve replacement of, 326, 348, 349. See also Valve replacement in rheumatic fever/heart disease, 417 Pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348–349, 349 in tetralogy of Fallot, 332, 348 Pulmonary vasculitis, 306 asthma differentiated from, 248 Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary hypertension and, 304–305, 423t, 424 Pulmonary venous thromboembolism, 297–303, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t air travel and, 1560 assessment/diagnosis of, 297–301, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 29, 29–30, 298, 298t, 355 dyspnea in, 24, 25, 298, 298t in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 immobility and, 297, 301t prevention of, 301, 555–556, 556t, 557t, 558t pulmonary hypertension and, 304, 305, 424 risk/risk assessment/stratification and, 297, 297–301, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t, 555–556, 556–557, 556t, 560t septic, in drug users, 1292 treatment of, 301–303, 556–563 anticoagulation in, 301–303, 556– 562, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t nonpharmacologic therapy in, 563 thrombolytic therapy in, 303, 556, 562–563, 562t venous thrombosis and, 297, 300, 301, 301t, 555. See also Deep venous thrombosis; Venous thromboembolic disease Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans. See Ventilation-perfusion scans Pulmonic regurgitation. See Pulmonary valve regurgitation Pulmonic stenosis. See Pulmonary stenosis Pulsatile tinnitus, 208 Pulse deficit, in atrial fibrillation, 385 Pulse generators, pacemaker, 395 Pulse oximetry/CO-oximetry in carbon monoxide poisoning, 1576 in coma patient evaluation, 1563 in cough evaluation, 22 in dyspnea evaluation, 25 in hepatopulmonary syndrome, 691 in methemoglobinemia, 1584
Pulse rate. See Heart rate Pulses absence/weakness of in acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 in aortic regurgitation, 344–345 in hypertension, 440 Pulsus paradoxus, 421 asthma exacerbation and, 247t in pericardial effusion/tamponade/ pericarditis, 29, 421, 912 Pulvinar sign, 1382 Punctal occlusion, for dry eye, 166 Pupillary dilation, acute angle-closure glaucoma and, 174, 194–195 Pupillary reactions in coma or stupor, 1014, 1015 in third nerve paralysis, 190 Pure autonomic failure, 975 Pure red cell aplasia, 499–500 cancer-related, 1596t Pure white cell aplasia, 510 Purgatives, for constipation/preoperative bowel cleansing, 571, 585 Purified chick embryo cell culture (PCEC) rabies vaccine, 1315, 1377 Purified insulin, 1213. See also Insulin therapy Purified protein derivative (PPD) test, 282, 283t. See also Tuberculin skin test Purine analogs, in cancer chemotherapy, 1651t Purines, dietary, 814, 815t in hyperuricemia/gout, 814, 815t in urinary stone formation, 948, 948– 949 Purinethol. See Mercaptopurine Purpura cancer-related, 864 in cryoglobulinemia, 851, 925 fulminans, 545, 1359 Henoch-Schönlein, 852, 852f, 919t, 923 in microscopic polyangiitis, 851 posttransfusion, 546 thrombotic thrombocytopenic, 542– 544, 543t. See also Thrombocytopenia diarrhea and, 543, 1447 microangiopathic hemolytic anemias and, 508, 542, 543, 543t Pursed lip breathing for COPD, 264 prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 Push enteroscopy, in GI bleeding, 585 Pustular skin disorders, 95t, 125–132. See also specific type Puumala viruses, 1388 PUVA therapy. See also Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis, 104 for lichen planus, 144 for psoriasis, 107 PVCs (premature ventricular contractions). See Ventricular premature beats PVS (Partner Violence Screen), 1712
CMDT 2013
1901
Pyelonephritis, 940t, 941, 1302t, 1303t dysuria and, 43, 941 emphysematous, 941 during pregnancy, 804 urinalysis in, 898, 941 Pygeum africanum, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 Pylephlebitis noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 699 perforated appendicitis and, 631 Pyoderma miliaria and, 131 in pediculosis, 148 in scabies, 148 Pyogenic arthritis. See Nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis Pyogenic hepatic abscess, 700–701 Pyogenic osteomyelitis, 861–862 Pyometra, in endometrial carcinoma, 759 Pyrantel pamoate for ascariasis, 1517 for enterobiasis/pinworms, 1520 Pyrazinamide, for tuberculosis, 284–285, 284t, 285, 289t in latent disease/prophylactic, 286, 287 pregnancy and, 285 Pyrazinamide/isoniazid/rifampin, for tuberculosis, 285 Pyridium. See Phenazopyridine Pyridostigmine, for myasthenia gravis, 1033 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency of, 1265–1266 homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668, 1669 for isoniazid overdose/toxicity, 285, 285–286, 286, 805, 1566t, 1581 toxicity of, 1266 Pyrimethamine for isosporiasis, 1508 for malaria with sulfadoxine (Fansidar), 1492t, 1493, 1496 with amodiaquine, 1496 with artesunate, 1493t, 1496 isosporiasis and, 1508 for prophylaxis in pregnancy/ infants, 1498 resistance to, 1493, 1496 for toxoplasmosis, 1337, 1338t, 1502 Pyrimidine analogs, in cancer chemotherapy, 1651–1652t Pyrogenic erythrotoxin (erythrogenic toxin), 1419, 1421 Pyrophosphate (technetium-99m) scintigraphy, in myocardial infarction, 366 Pyrosis (heartburn), 592, 593, 594 Pyuria, 898 in cystitis, 939 sterile, in tuberculosis, 936 Q fever, 1409t, 1415–1416 Q waves in cardiomyopathy, 414 in cor pulmonale, 426 in infectious myocarditis, 410
1902
CMDT 2013
Q waves (Cont.): in myocardial infarction, 360, 366. See also Myocardial infarction; Non-Q wave (non-ST elevation) infarction chest pain/discomfort and, 28t Qinghaosu/qinghaosu derivatives. See Artemisinins QRS complex. See also Electrocardiogram in atrial fibrillation, 385 in nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia, 390 in preexcitation syndromes, 383 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 wide in atrial premature beats, 381 differentiation of aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats from ventricular beats and, 381, 391 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564, 1564t with antiarrhythmics, 1564, 1588 with antidepressants, 1564, 1591, 1591f, 1592 with opiates/opioids, 1586 with phenothiazines, 1574 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in ventricular premature beats, 390 QT interval. See also Electrocardiogram long, 393 in hypocalcemia, 882 in hypomagnesemia, 888 palpitations and, 31 in poisoning/drug toxicity, 393, 1564, 1564t antiarrhythmic agents in, 393, 1588 antidepressants in, 1067, 1068, 1591 antipsychotics in, 1057, 1057– 1058, 1058, 1059, 1060t, 1574 droperidol in, 569 opioids in, 1586 phenothiazines in, 1574 quinine/quinidine in, 1493, 1495 ranolazine in, 356 short, in hypercalcemia, 884, 1646 Quad screen, in prenatal testing, 783, 784 Quadramet. See Samarium Quadrantanopia. See Visual field defects Quadriceps, assessment of strength of, 1701 Quadriceps avoidance gait, in ACL injury, 1693 Quadriplegia. See also Paralysis spinal trauma causing, 1018 in stroke, 981 Quality of life assessment of for older adult, 57–58 decision-making at end of life and, 89 palliative care for improvement of, 74 Quazepam, 1042t Quebec platelet disorder, 548 Queensland tick typhus, 1409t, 1414 Questran. See Cholestyramine Quetiapine, 1055, 1056t, 1057, 1057t, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs
index for delirium, 64 overdose/toxicity of, 1057, 1057t, 1060t, 1574 “Quickening,” 781 Quinacrine, for lupus, 115 Quinagolide, for hyperprolactinemia, 1104 Quinapril, 450t with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t Quincke pulses, 344 Quinidine, 377, 378t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for arrhythmias, 377, 378t for malaria, 1492t, 1493, 1494t, 1495 overdose/toxicity of, 378t, 1493, 1588 Quinine, for malaria, 1492t, 1493, 1494t, 1495 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t pregnancy and, 1495 self-treatment and, 1498 severe disease and, 1493, 1494t, 1495 Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess), 229–230, 1420 Quinsy tonsillectomy, 229–230 Quinupristin/dalfopristin, for E faecium infection, 1422 “Quitlines,” for smoking cessation counseling, 8 Quixin. See Levofloxacin R5 co-receptor, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1346 R-CHOP regimen, 525 R-CVP regimen, 525 Rabeprazole, 613. See also Proton pump inhibitors Rabies, 1376–1378 bite injuries and, 1289, 1290, 1376 prevention/immunization and, 1315, 1376–1377, 1377–1378. See also Rabies vaccine Rabies antiserum, 1377 Rabies immune globulin, 1377 Rabies vaccine, 1315, 1376–1377, 1377–1378 adsorbed, 1315 antimalarial drugs/chloroquine and, 1315, 1378 postexposure, 1376–1377, 1377 preexposure, 1315, 1377–1378 Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, 1193t Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis), visceral larva migrans caused by, 1523 Raccoon sign, 1016 Racecadotril, for rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1405 Racemose cysticercosis, 1515 Racial/ethnic background alcoholism and, 1080 antipsychotic drug dosing and, 1059 breast cancer risk and, 722, 723t, 1708 cardiomyopathy and, 411 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 702 cirrhosis and, 686 colorectal cancer incidence and, 1623 diabetes mellitus and, 1192–1193, 1193–1194, 1194 esophageal cancer and, 1613 G6PD deficiency and, 502
gastric adenocarcinoma and, 1615 gestational trophoblastic disease and, 791 goiter and, 1134 gout and, 812 hemochromatosis and, 694 hepatitis C and, 676 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1603 hirsutism and, 1161 HIV infection/AIDS and, 1321 hypertension and, 433, 435, 439 management of, 446, 449 lactase deficiency and, 626 melanoma and, 102 multiple sclerosis and, 1010 obesity rates and, 13, 1259 Paget disease of bone and, 1152 periodic paralysis and, 1036, 1119 sarcoidosis and, 295 sickle cell anemia and, 503 SLE and, 832 thalassemia and, 495 Radial nerve lesions, 1027 Radial optic neurotomy, for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Radiation burns, 1554 Radiation exposure/reactions, 1553–1555. See also Radiation therapy acute, 1554 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 chronic, 1554 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis risk and, 1120 lung injury caused by, 311–312 from medical imaging, 1554, 1555 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 occupational/environmental, 1555 during pregnancy, 783–784, 1554 thyroid cancer risk and, 1123, 1126, 1554 vomiting, 567t Radiation fibrosis, pulmonary, 312, 1554 Radiation pericarditis, 419, 420, 1554 Radiation pneumonitis, 312, 1554 Radiation proctitis, 584, 585 Radiation syndrome, acute (radiation sickness), 1554 Radiation therapy. See also Radiation exposure/reactions for acromegaly/gigantism, 1102 for basal cell carcinoma, 142 for bladder cancer, 1639–1640 for breast cancer, 735, 736, 739, 744 arm edema and, 744 breast implants and, 721 cancer risks and, 1555, 1594 with chemotherapy. See Chemoradiation therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, 143 for esophageal cancer, 1614 for Graves ophthalmopathy, 1118 in gynecomastia, 1179 health risks and, 1554, 1554–1555 for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 for Hodgkin lymphoma, 526–527 for intracranial tumors, 991–992 for laryngeal cancer, 237 leukemia and, 519 for lung cancer, 1599, 1600 lung injury and, 311–312
index for myeloma-related bone disease, 529 pericarditis caused by, 419, 420, 1554 for pituitary adenoma, 1102, 1104, 1160 pneumonitis and, 312, 1554 for prolactinoma, 1104 for prostate cancer, 1633, 1635, 1635–1636 pulmonary fibrosis and, 312, 1554 for rectal cancer, 1626 for spinal tumors/cord compression, 993, 1645 for testicular cancer, 1643 thrombocytopenia and, 540 for thyroid cancer, 1131 thyroid cancer risk and, 1123, 1126, 1554 toxicity of. See Radiation exposure/ reactions Radiculomyelopathy, in HIV infection/ AIDS, 1023 Radiculopathy, cervical, 1686 Radioactive iodine breastfeeding and, 782t for goiter, 1135 for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1115–1116 amiodarone-induced, 1117 hypothyroidism after, 1116, 1119 ophthalmopathy flares and, 1115– 1116 thiourea treatment and, 1115 toxic multinodular goiter, 1116 toxic solitary thyroid nodule and, 1116 side effects/contraindications to, 1131 pregnancy and, 800, 1114, 1115, 1131 for thyroid cancer treatment/ surveillance, 1130–1131, 1132–1133 for thyroid nodules, 1125–1126 for thyroid scanning. See Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake Radioactive materials for testing, breastfeeding and, 782t Radiocontrast media iodinated, for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1115 subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis and, 1117, 1122 nephrotoxicity/acute kidney injury and, 904–905 reactions to, 867 Radioembolization for islet cell tumors, 1172 transarterial (TARE), for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Radiofrequency ablation techniques for arrhythmias. See Catheter ablation techniques for benign prostatic hyperplasia (TUNA), 961 for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 for trigeminal neuralgia, 967 for varicose veins, 1720 Radiofrequency wave ablation electrocautery (HALO), for Barrett esophagus, 595
Radioiodine. See Radioactive iodine Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake contraindications to in pregnancy, 1114 in goiter, 1124t, 1134 in hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1105t, 1114 amiodarone-induced disease and, 1112, 1114 in nodule evaluation, 1105t, 1123, 1124, 1124t in thyroid cancer, 1124t, 1127, 1127t, 1128 false positive/false negative, 1129 postoperative/surveillance, 1131, 1132–1133 in thyroiditis, 1121, 1122 Radionuclide angiography in angina, 353 in cardiomyopathy, 412 in heart failure, 400 in postinfarct pseudoaneurysm, 375 Radionuclide scanning. See specific type Radiosurgery. See Cyberknife radiosurgery; Gamma knife radiation/gamma radiosurgery Radiotherapy. See Radiation therapy Radon, lung cancer associated with exposure to, 1595 RADT. See Rapid antigen/rapid antigen detection testing RAEB. See Refractory anemia with excess blasts Raf-kinase inhibitors, for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Rage attacks, seizures differentiated from, 971 Ragged red fibers, in mitochondrial myopathies, 1036 Rai classification, for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 RAI scans, thyroid. See Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake Rales. See Crackles Raloxifene, 1147, 1708 breast cancer prevention and, 723, 1708 for gynecomastia, 1179 hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and, 1144 for osteoporosis, 1147, 1181, 1185 Raltegravir, 1342t, 1346–1347, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Ramelteon, 1042t, 1077 Ramipril, for hypertension, 451t diabetes and, 1227 Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 213, 1358, 1359 myoclonus in, 1004 Range of motion testing, in musculoskeletal disorders, 1673 ankle injuries and, 1704, 1704t back pain and, 1683, 1684t hip fractures and, 1690, 1690t knee pain/injury and, 1692, 1694t, 1698, 1702 neck pain and, 1686, 1687t shoulder disorders and, 1675, 1676–1677t, 1682 wrist disorders and, 1689t
CMDT 2013
1903
Ranitidine, 613. See also H2 receptor blocking drugs RANK/RANKL, in myeloma, 527 Ranke complex, in tuberculosis, 282 Ranolazine, for angina, 356 Ranson criteria, 712, 712t Rapamycin, for breast cancer, 741 Rape, 777–778, 1078 g-hydroxybutyrate (“date rape” drug) use and, 1580 sexually transmitted diseases and, 778, 1291 statutory, 777 Rape trauma syndrome, 778 Rapid antigen/rapid antigen detection testing in filariasis, 1525 in malaria, 1492 in pharyngitis (RADT), 228, 1419 in pneumonia, 271, 272t, 1423 Rapid cyclers, in bipolar disorder, 1064 lithium use and, 1072 Rapid detoxification, for heroin/opioid withdrawal, 20, 1084 Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, 1075 Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, 1077 Rapid HIV antibody tests, 1290, 1323, 1324t Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. See RPR test Rapid serum tube (RST), orange top, 1736t Rapid treponemal tests, 1467 Rapidly acting insulin analogs, 1213, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215, 1218, 1219t. See also Insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1235 in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216, 1218 in pregnancy, 1230 in pumps, 1215, 1219 Rapidly progressive acute glomerulonephritis, 918, 918f ras oncogene, thyroid tumors and, 1126, 1127 Rasagiline, for parkinsonism, 1000 Rasburicase, for tumor lysis syndrome/ hyperuricemia, 1647, 1658t Rashes. See also specific type or cause and Skin disorders acute exanthems rickettsial, 1356–1357t viral, 1356–1357t, 1402–1404 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 in dermatomyositis, 840, 840f, 842 drugs causing (dermatitis medicamentosa), 158–161, 159–160t fungal, in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 heat causing (miliaria), 130–131 in Kawasaki disease, 1417 in Lyme disease, 135–136, 135f in meningococcal meningitis, 1441 in mononucleosis, 1357t, 1361, 1362 in pharyngitis, 228, 1419 photodistributed (photodermatitis), 95t, 152–153. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity
1904
CMDT 2013
Rashes (Cont.): in scarlet fever, 1419 in SLE, 833 in Still disease, 831 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in syphilis, 1469, 1470f travel and, 1297 in typhoid fever, 1445 Rat-bite fever, 1476–1477 Rat fleas. See Fleas Rat lungworm (A cantonensis), 1522 Rat poison, anticoagulant toxicity and, 1573 Rate control for atrial fibrillation, 385–386, 387 in cardiomyopathy, 412 cardioversion compared with, 387–388 for atrial flutter, 389 Rattlesnake envenomation, 1589–1590 Rauwolfia derivatives, antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t Raynaud disease, 836, 837, 838 Raynaud phenomenon, 836–838, 837t scleroderma and, 837, 838, 839 in SLE, 833, 838 RB-ILD. See Respiratory bronchiolitisassociated interstitial lung disease RBC. See Erythrocyte count Reactivated chronic hepatitis B, 674–675 Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome), 857–858, 857f HIV infection/AIDS and, 858, 861, 1328 Reactive cervical lymphadenopathy, 240 Reactive erythemas, 132–136 Reactive (postprandial) hypoglycemia, 1238, 1238t, 1242–1243. See also Hypoglycemia Reactive thrombocytosis, 513 Rebiana, for diabetics, 1205 Rebound headache, analgesic overuse and, 966 Rebound tenderness, in appendicitis, 630 Recall. See Memory Recklinghausen disease, 996, 996f pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in, 1167 Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), for ovulation induction, 769 Recombinant growth factors. See Growth factors Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) for cystic fibrosis, 268 pleural instillation of, 316 Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), 1097 Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH), RAI therapy/surveillance for thyroid cancer and, 1131, 1132–1133 hyperthyroidism and, 1112 Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), in hepatitis C, 671 Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. See Alteplase Recombivax-HB. See Hepatitis B vaccine
index Recompression. See also Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for dysbarism/decompression sickness, 1558 for high-altitude illness, 1559 Reconstructive surgery genital, for transsexuals, 1050, 1051 after mastectomy, 721, 736, 744–745 local recurrence and, 721, 745 vascular. See Bypass grafting Recrudescent epidemic typhus (BrillZinsser disease), 1408 Recruitment, in cochlear dysfunction, 208 Rectal bleeding, 583, 584. See also Gastrointestinal bleeding hemorrhoids causing, 584, 657, 658 in ulcerative colitis, 646 Rectal carcinoids, 1621 Rectal examination in acute bacterial prostatitis, 942 in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 956 in constipation, 571 in prostate cancer screening/diagnosis, 16, 1630, 1631, 1632t, 1633f Rectal prolapse, 657 Rectal (Blumer) shelf, 1616 Rectal temperature. See Core temperature Rectal ulcer, GI bleeding caused by, 584 Rectocele, 762 Rectovaginal fistulas, in Crohn disease, 641, 642 Rectum. See also under Rectal cancer of, 1612t, 1623, 1625–1626. See also Colorectal cancer adjuvant therapy for, 1625–1626 neoadjuvant therapy for, 1624, 1626 surgical excision and, 1624–1625, 1626 disorders of, 632–657. See also Anorectal disorders gonococcal infection, 658, 1452 ulcerative colitis involving, 646, 647 Recurrent (habitual) abortion, 789–790 Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage to during thyroid surgery, 237, 238, 1116, 1119, 1129 vocal fold paralysis caused by damage/ lesions of, 237–238 Recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 388 Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 234–235 Red blood cells. See under Red cell and Erythrocytes Red bugs, skin lesions caused by, 149 Red cell aplasia, pure, 499–500 cancer-related, 1596t Red cell casts, 898, 899t in glomerulonephritis/nephritic spectrum disorders, 898, 907–908 in interstitial nephritis, 907 Red cell count in pleural fluid, 314, 314t reference values for, 1729t, 1734t Red cell mass, in polycythemia, 512 Red cell transfusions, 534. See also specific type and Transfusion for DIC, 546t Red man syndrome, 867 Red top tubes, 1736t
Reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 533 5a-Reductase deficiency, 1162 5a-Reductase inhibitors. See also Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959–960 Reduction pneumoplasty, for COPD, 265 Reduviid bugs, in Chagas disease, 1486 Reed-Sternberg cells, 526 Reentry atrial flutter and, 383 in supraventricular tachycardia, 381, 383–384 in ventricular premature beats, 390 in ventricular tachycardia, 391 Refeeding fatal hypophosphatemia and, 885 for protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 Refeeding edema, 1258 Reference ranges, for diagnostic/ laboratory tests, 1727–1735t. See also specific test Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome), 824–825 Reflux gastroesophageal. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease hepatojugular, 400, 699 laryngopharyngeal, 234 vesicoureteral, tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 Reflux esophagitis. See Esophagitis Reflux nephropathy, 932 Reflux (venous) in chronic venous insufficiency, 480, 481 in varicose veins, 478, 479 Refractive errors, 162–163 Refractive surgery, 162–163 Refractory anemia, 517 Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), 517 Refractory atrial fibrillation, 388 Refractory ulcers, 617 gastric cancer and, 617, 1617 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and, 617 Refsum disease, 1022 Regional hyperthermia, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Regional poison control centers, 1562, 1570 Regranex. See Becaplermin; Plateletderived growth factor Regular insulin, 1213, 1213t, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215, 1218, 1221. See also Insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1215, 1233–1234 in mixtures/combination therapy, 1214t, 1216, 1221 Regurgitation, 566 in achalasia, 605 in GERD, 594 in Zenker diverticulum, 601 Rehydration. See Fluid management/ hydration Reinke edema, 235 Reiter syndrome. See Reactive arthritis
index Relafen. See Nabumetone Relapsing fever, 1300t, 1475–1476 Relapsing polychondritis, 199, 852–853 Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, 1010 Relaxation techniques for anxiety disorders, 1044 for insomnia, 1076 for irritable bowel syndrome, 636 for psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness, 1091 for tension headache, 965 REM sleep, 1075 REM sleep behavior disorder, 1077 Remediation therapy, for schizophrenia/ psychotic disorders, 1062 Remeron. See Mirtazapine Remicade. See Infliximab Remitting seronegative synovitis with non-pitting edema, 864 Renal angiography/arteriography, in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917 Renal artery stenosis, 437, 917–918 hypertension caused by, 437, 917 renal insufficiency/acute kidney injury and, 903 Renal biopsy, 901 in analgesic nephropathy, 933 in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 930 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 in HIV-associated nephropathy, 931 in IgA nephropathy, 923 in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 925 in membranous nephropathy, 929 in minimal change disease, 928, 929 in nephritic spectrum disorders, 922 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 927 in SLE, 926 Renal calculi, 950. See also Nephrolithiasis; Urinary stone disease Renal cell carcinoma, 1611t, 1640–1642 cystic, 934 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1640–1641 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t, 1641 Renal colic/pain, urinary stones causing, 947 Renal cysts, 909t, 933–936, 934t acquired, 934t in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 934–935, 934t complex, 934 infected, 935 in medullary cystic kidney, 934t in medullary sponge kidney, 934t, 935–936 simple/solitary, 934, 934t Renal disorders. See Kidney disease/injury Renal failure. See also Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney disease; Kidney disease/ injury; Uremia
acute, 898, 901–908, 902t. See also Acute kidney injury chronic, 898, 908–918, 909t, 910f, 910t, 911f, 912f. See also Chronic kidney disease dialysis for. See Dialysis exenatide use and, 1211 immunization recommendations in, 1309t intrinsic, 902t lower extremity edema and, 33, 34 in myeloma, 527, 528 myoglobinuria/rhabdomyolysis and, 844, 905 neuropathy associated with, 909t, 914, 1022–1023 postoperative, 55, 55t transplantation for. See Kidney transplantation Renal failure type (b2-microglobulin) amyloidosis, 531 Renal (nondiabetic) glucosuria, 1198 Renal hypercalciuria, 947t, 948 Renal imaging in chronic kidney disease, 910, 911 in dysuria evaluation, 43–44 Renal osteodystrophy, 912–913, 912f, 1139, 1141, 1144 Renal pain. See Renal colic Renal pelvis cancer of, 1640 incidence/risk/mortality of, 1594t, 1640 obstruction of, postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 Renal salt wasting in hyponatremia, 871f, 872 in renal tubular acidosis, 892 in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 985 Renal transplantation. See Kidney transplantation Renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893, 893–894 genetic defects associated with, 878t hyperkalemia in, 91, 879, 892, 892t, 914 hypokalemia in, 878, 892, 892t, 894 nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis and, 892 hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 in tubulointerstitial disease, 933 urinary anion gap in, 892, 892t, 893 Renal tubular cell casts, 899t Renal tubular necrosis, acute, 902t, 904–906 in pancreatitis, 713 rhabdomyolysis and, 844, 905 urinalysis in, 898, 902t, 905 Renal vascular hypertension, 437. See also Hypertension Renin activity (plasma). See Plasma renin activity Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. See also Aldosterone in hypertension, 436, 437, 438, 449, 1164 inhibitors of. See Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents; Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; Renin inhibitors
CMDT 2013
1905
Renin inhibitors, 450t. See also Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents; Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for heart failure, 401–402 for hypertension, 449, 450t in chronic kidney disease/renal failure, 458–459 in combination regimen, 450t in diabetes, 458 Renova. See Tretinoin Reoviruses, Colorado tick fever caused by, 1392 Repaglinide, 1206t, 1208 hypoglycemia caused by, 1221–1222 with metformin, 1213 Repeat-dose charcoal, 1568 Reperfusion therapy. See also Revascularization procedures for myocardial infarction, 364t, 367–370 assessment of, 370 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 364t, 367–368 thrombolytic therapy, 364t, 368–370, 369t Rescriptor. See Delavirdine Rescue angioplasty, for myocardial infarction, 371 Rescula. See Unoprostone Reserpine, 456t depression caused by, 456t, 457, 1064 for Huntington disease, 1002 for hypertension, 453–457, 456t MAOI interactions and, 1071t Reset osmostat, hyponatremia caused by, 873, 874 Residential facilities for cognitive disorders/dementia, 1089 for personality disorders, 1052 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1061 Residual schizophrenia, 1053 Residual volume (RV), in COPD, 261 Resin T3/T4 uptake in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 in hyperthyroidism, 1113 pregnancy and, 1113 Resistance, microbial. See Drug resistance Resistant hypertension, 438, 459–460, 460t Resistin, insulin action in obesity and, 1194 Resolution, psychotic, 1054 Resolution stage of sexual activity, 1049 Resorptive hypercalciuria, 947t, 948 Resource allocation, principles of care and, 2 Respiration. See Breathing; Ventilation Respiratory acidosis (hypercapnia), 889, 889t, 895–896 in asthma, 246, 247t in COPD, 261, 896 in cystic fibrosis, 267 dyspnea and, 25 metabolic alkalosis and, 895, 896 permissive, 321 for asthma, 259 respiratory failure and, 320, 896
1906
CMDT 2013
Respiratory alkalosis (hypocapnia), 889, 889t, 896–897, 896t alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 891 in asthma, 246 in heat exposure syndromes, 1548 in hyperventilation syndromes, 318, 896, 896–897 mechanical ventilation and, 321 metabolic acidosis and, 893, 897 in pulmonary embolism, 298 salicylate overdose/toxicity causing, 1588 Respiratory bronchiolitis, 269 Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), 269, 294t, 295 Respiratory depression, opioid therapy/ pain relief and, 79, 84 Respiratory distress syndrome, acute/ adult. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome Respiratory failure, 319–322, 320t. See also Acute respiratory distress syndrome acidosis in, 320, 896 in acute aspiration of gastric contents, 308 asthma and, 246, 257–259, 258f in botulism, 1034, 1431 in burn injury, 1550, 1552 COPD and, 261, 264 drug-induced, 312t in near drowning, 1556 in poliomyelitis, 1373 postoperative, 50–51, 50t in SARS, 1401 smoke inhalation and, 307 tracheotomy for, 238 Respiratory injection, of methylprednisolone, for asthma, 255t Respiratory papillomatosis, recurrent, 234–235 Respiratory rate in asthma exacerbation, 247t in pulmonary embolism, 298t Respiratory syncytial virus, 1393–1394 bronchiolitis caused by, 269, 1393– 1394, 1394 Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin, 1394 Respiratory tract infection. See Pulmonary disorders, infections Rest. See also Bed rest; Immobility requirements for during pregnancy, 784 Rest pain in femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease), 472 Restasis. See Cyclosporine Restenosis, with PCI, 357 Restless legs syndrome, 1004 Restlessness, terminal, 86 Restoril. See Temazepam Restraints, for aggressive/violent patient, 1079
index Restrictive cardiomyopathy. See Cardiomyopathy Restylane. See Hyaluronic acid fillers Resuscitation. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Resynchronization (biventricular pacing) for cardiomyopathy, 412, 415 for heart failure, 405–406 ret oncogene in medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1127– 1128, 1131 in MEN, 1189, 1190 in papillary thyroid carcinoma, 1126 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168 prophylactic thyroidectomy and, 1131 Retardation. See Mental retardation Retention, urinary. See Urinary retention Reteplase, for myocardial infarction, 369, 369t Reticulocyte count, 1734t Reticulocytopenia in anemia classification, 490, 491t in aplastic anemia, 508 Reticulocytosis in anemia classification, 490, 491t in G6PD deficiency, 503 in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 in sickle cell anemia, 504 Reticulosis, polymorphic (midline malignant), 223 Retin-A/Retin A Micro. See Tretinoin Retina detachment of, 179–180 in hypertension, 186, 440, 440f systemic diseases affecting, 185–187 Retinal artery occlusion, central and branch, 183–184 Retinal circulation, hypertension affecting (hypertensive retinochoroidopathy/ retinopathy), 186, 440, 440f Retinal drusen, in age-related macular degeneration, 181 Retinal emboli, transient monocular blindness caused by, 184, 469 Retinal hemorrhage, in blood dyscrasias, 186–187 Retinal tears, detachment and, 179 Retinal vasculitis, 178. See also Uveitis Retinal vein occlusion, central and branch, 181–182 Retinitis in bartonellosis, 1454 CMV, 187, 187f, 1328, 1364, 1365 herpetic (acute retinal necrosis), 178 in HIV infection/AIDS, 187, 187f, 1328 hydroxychloroquine causing, 830 Retinoblastoma, 989 Retinochoroiditis, toxoplasmic, 1501, 1502 Retinochoroidopathy, hypertensive, 186, 440, 440f Retinoic acid. See also Tretinoin for acute myeloid leukemia, 520 for acute promyelocytic leukemia, 520 Retinoic acid receptor, in promyelocytic leukemia, 519 Retinoids. See also specific agent and Vitamin A
for acne, 126–127 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t breastfeeding and, 782t for psoriasis, 107 with PUVA (re-PUVA), for lichen planus, 144 Retinopathy antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 diabetic, 185–186, 185f, 1223 glycemic control and, 185, 1201, 1203 hypertension control and, 1203 in hemoglobin SC disease, 187, 505 hypertensive, 186, 440, 440f “pizza-pie,” in CMV infection, 1364 sickle cell, 187, 503 Retinopexy, for retinal detachment, 180 Retrobulbar optic neuritis, 188 Retrocecal appendicitis, 630, 631 Retrograde ejaculation, 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/ impotence antidepressants causing, 1067 after benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment, 958t, 960 in infertility, 955 Retroileal appendicitis, 631 Retropharyngeal abscess, 1420 Retrovir. See Zidovudine Revascularization procedures. See also specific type and Bypass grafting for acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 coronary, 356–358 for acute coronary syndromes, 364, 364t for angina, 356–358 for heart failure, 406 for myocardial infarction, 364t postinfarction, 376 prophylactic/preoperative, 48–49 prophylactic/preoperative, 48–49 for traumatic injuries, 428 for erectile dysfunction, 953 for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 for lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 for renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437 Reversal reactions, in leprosy, 1460 Reverse transcriptase in HIV infection, 1322 inhibitors of. See Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor Revised Cardiac Risk Index, 46, 47t Revlimid. See Lenalidomide Rewarming for frostbite, 1546 for frostnip/chilblain, 1545 for immersion syndrome, 1546 for systemic hypothermia, 1544–1545 Reyataz. See Atazanavir Reye syndrome, 1395 aspirin use and, 76, 1359, 1360, 1395 varicella and, 1359
index Reynolds pentad, 706 Reynolds Risk Score, 351 Rezulin. See Troglitazone RF. See Rheumatoid factor RFX6 mutation, in diabetes, 1195 Rho (D) immune globulin, 785–786 after delivery, 785–786 after ectopic pregnancy, 785–786, 791 after elective abortion, 776, 785–786 prenatal administration of, 786 prenatal screening for antibody to, 783, 784, 786 after spontaneous abortion, 785–786, 788 Rh incompatibility, 785–786. See also Rho (D) immune globulin hemolytic disease of newborn caused by, 785–786 testing for, 534, 783, 784, 786 Rh typing during pregnancy, 783, 784, 786 for transfusions, 534 Rhabdomyolysis, 844, 905 acute tubular necrosis and, 844, 905 in electric burns/crush injuries, 844, 1553 in hypophosphatemia, 885 statin drugs causing, 842, 844, 1254 Rhabdomyoma, cardiac, 427 rhDNase for cystic fibrosis, 268 pleural instillation of, 316 Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 179, 180 Rhesus alloimmunization (Rh incompatibility), 785–786. See also Rho (D) immune globulin hemolytic disease of newborn caused by, 785–786 testing for, 534, 783, 784, 786 Rheumatic carditis/rheumatic valvulitis, 417, 418–419 endocarditis and, 1435 Rheumatic diseases. See also specific disease and Musculoskeletal disorders adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 197t cancer and, 864–865 HIV infection/AIDS and, 861, 1328 Raynaud phenomenon and, 836, 837t Rheumatic fever, 417–419 arthritis in, 418 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 prevention and, 418, 1420 streptococcal pharyngitis and, 229, 417, 418, 1419, 1420 Rheumatic heart disease, 417–419 valvular involvement and, 333, 337, 417, 418–419 Rheumatism, palindromic, 865 Rheumatoid arthritis, 826–831, 826f, 827f autoantibodies in, 827, 833t differential diagnosis of, 827–828 ankylosing spondylitis and, 855 gouty/tophaceous arthritis and, 814, 828
granulomatosis with polyangiitis and, 850 osteoarthritis and, 811, 828 neuropathies associated with, 827, 1024 septic arthritis and, 827, 859 Rheumatoid factor, 827, 833t in cryoglobulinemia, 851 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 833t, 841 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Rheumatoid nodules, 827, 827f in coal workers (Caplan syndrome), 309 gouty tophi differentiated from, 814, 828 Rheumatoid pleural effusion, 314t rhGH. See Recombinant human growth hormone Rhinitis allergic (hay fever), 218–219 conjunctivitis and, 167 nasal polyps and, 218, 222 medicamentosa, 214 nasopharyngeal/paranasal sinus cancer and, 223 perennial, 218 vasomotor, 218, 219 Rhinocerebral mucormycosis, 217 Rhinosinusitis acute bacterial, 214–217, 216t, 1303t. See also Sinusitis facial pain associated with, 216, 968 Haemophilus causing, 1442 headache and, 215, 962 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1327 hospital-associated, 215, 216 nasopharyngeal/paranasal sinus cancer and, 223 orbital cellulitis and, 191, 216 acute viral (common cold), 213–214, 1401 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 213, 214 cough in, 21 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. See Ticks Rhizopus infection, 217, 1538 Rhizotomy, for trigeminal neuralgia, 967 Rhodococcus equi, pneumonia in HIV infection/AIDS caused by, 1326 rhTSH. See Recombinant human thyroidstimulating hormone Rhus (poison ivy/oak) contact dermatitis, 124, 124f, 866. See also Allergic contact dermatitis Riamet (artemether-lumefantrine/ Coartem), 1492t, 1493t, 1494t, 1496, 1497 RIBA. See Recombinant immunoblot assay Ribavirin, 1354t in hantavirus infection, 1389 for hemorrhagic fevers, 1385 for hepatitis C, 671, 676–678 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 for influenza, 1354t, 1396 for RSV infection, 1354t, 1394 teratogenicity of, 1394 Riboflavin (vitamin B2), deficiency of, 1264–1265
CMDT 2013
1907
Ribonuclear protein (RNP) antibody, 842 Rice, Bacillus cereus contamination of, 1293, 1294t Rice water stool, in cholera, 1448 Richter syndrome, 522 Rickets, 1148, 1149, 1149–1150, 1151 hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant), 878t, 1150, 1151 vitamin D-dependent, 1149 Rickettsia (rickettsial diseases), 1301t, 1408–1416 africae, 1409t, 1414 akari, 1409t, 1413 australis, 1409t, 1414 conorii, 1409t, 1414 felis, 1409t, 1414 japonica, 1414 massiliae, 1414 myocarditis in, 409t parkeri, 1414 prowazekii, 1408, 1409t rickettsii, 1409t, 1412 sibirica, 1409t, 1414 typhi, 1409t, 1410 Rickettsial fever (tick typhus), 1409t, 1414 Rickettsialpox, 1409t, 1413 Rickettsiosis California flea, 1409t spotted fever, 1414 Riedel thyroiditis/struma, 1120, 1121, 1122 Rifabutin antiretroviral agent interactions and, 285, 1326 for MAC prophylaxis/treatment, 1337, 1338t, 1458, 1459 Rifamate. See Isoniazid/rifampin Rifampin, 284t, 289t for anthrax, 1433t antiretroviral agent interactions and, 285, 1326, 1344 benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t for endocarditis, 1439 for leprosy, 1460 for staphylococcal carriage, 123, 130 for tuberculosis, 284–285, 284t, 285, 289t in latent disease/prophylactic, 286, 287 in pregnancy, 285, 805 resistance and, 280, 281t, 285 Rifampin/isoniazid, for tuberculosis, 285 Rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, for tuberculosis, 285 Rifater. See Isoniazid/rifampin/ pyrazinamide Rifaximin for bacterial overgrowth, 625 for Crohn disease, 644 for flatus, 573 for hepatic encephalopathy, 690 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 for rosacea, 129 for traveler’s diarrhea, 577, 1298 RIFLE criteria, in acute kidney injury, 901 Rift Valley fever, 1385 Right middle lobe syndrome, 291 Right-to-left shunts. See Shunts
1908
CMDT 2013
Right ventricular (right heart) failure, 398, 398–399. See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure liver in, 400, 699 Right ventricular hypertrophy in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in pulmonary stenosis, 325 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 Right ventricular infarction, 366, 374 Rigidity in Huntington disease, 1001 lithium use and, 1073 in neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 1060, 1565, 1574 in parkinsonism, 998 Rilpivirine, 1342t, 1345, 1346. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with tenofovir and emtricitabine, 1346, 1347 Riluzole, for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 1020 Rimantadine, influenza/influenza resistance and, 23, 1354t, 1396, 1398 Rimexolone, for ophthalmic disorders, 170t Ring shadow sign, 933 Ring X chromosome, in Turner syndrome, 1186 Ringer lactate. See Fluid management/ hydration Ringworm. See Tinea Rinne test, 199 RIPA. See Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation Risedronate, 1146. See also Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1146 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 Risperdal. See Risperidone Risperidone, 1055, 1056–1057, 1056t, 1057t, 1058, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs for aggressive/violent behavior, 1078 for bipolar disease/mania, 1072 for delirium, 86 postoperative, 53 for dementia-associated behavior problems, 62 for depression, 1069 long-acting form of, 1057, 1059 overdose/toxicity of, 1056, 1057, 1057t, 1060t, 1574 ophthalmic effects and, 179, 196t for personality disorder, 1052 for psychedelic abuse/overdose, 1084 Ristocetin co-factor assay, in von Willebrand disease, 551, 552t Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, in von Willebrand disease, 551, 552t Ritonavir, 1341t, 1344, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with atazanavir, 1345, 1347 with darunavir, 1342t, 1345, 1347
index with fosamprenavir, 1345 with lopinavir (lopinavir/r), 1341t, 1344, 1345, 1347 for protease inhibitor boosting, 1344 with tipranavir, 1342t, 1345, 1347 Rituxan. See Rituximab Rituximab, 1654t for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 for cold agglutinin disease, 507 for granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 850 for hairy cell leukemia, 524 for immune thrombocytopenia, 541, 541f for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 for pemphigus, 139 for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, 1363 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by, 1383 for pure red cell aplasia, 500 for rheumatoid arthritis, 830 for SLE, 834 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Rivaroxaban, 555, 557t, 558 for atrial fibrillation, 387 Rivastigmine for dementia, 61, 1008 for parkinsonism, 1000 River blindness (onchocerciasis), 1526–1527 Rizatriptan, for migraine headache, 964 RMSF. See Rocky Mountain spotted fever RNA hepatitis C virus, 671, 671f, 676, 677 hepatitis D virus, 672, 675 HIV, reference values for, 1731t RNA amplification tests, in tuberculosis, 281, 281t RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase. See Reverse transcriptase RNP. See Ribonuclear protein (RNP) antibody Ro/SSA antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 Rocaltrol. See Calcitriol Rocephin. See Ceftriaxone Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1357t, 1409t, 1412–1413, 1412f Rodent excreta/rodents endemic flea-borne typhus transmission and, 1410 hantavirus transmission and, 1388 hemorrhagic fever transmission and, 1384 lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission and, 1380 rat-bite fever transmission and, 1476 relapsing fever transmission and, 1475, 1476 tick-borne encephalitis transmission and, 1390 Rodent fleas. See Fleas Rodent mites. See Mites Rodent tapeworm (H diminuta), 1514
Rodent ticks. See Ticks Rodenticide poisoning, anticoagulant toxicity and, 1573 Rogaine. See Minoxidil Romaña sign, 1486 Romano-Ward syndrome, 393 Romberg testing, 209 Romidepsin, 1656t Romiplostim for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518, 540 for thrombocytopenia chemotherapy-induced, 540, 1659 immune, 541–542 Ropinirole, for parkinsonism, 1000 Rosacea, 128–129, 129f acne, 126 steroid, 100, 128 Rose spots, in enteric (typhoid) fever, 1445 Rosemont criteria, for chronic pancreatitis, 716 Roseola infantum (exanthema subitum), 1350, 1356t, 1366 Rosiglitazone, 1206t, 1209–1210 with glimepiride, 1213 with metformin, 1213 overdose/toxicity of, 1209, 1210, 1580 Ross procedure, 325, 343, 346, 349 for aortic regurgitation, 346 for aortic stenosis, 343 postoperative pulmonary stenosis and, 325 Rosuvastatin, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs RotaTeq. See Rotavirus vaccine Rotation external, assessment of in ankle, 1704, 1704t in shoulder, 1676t adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) and, 1682 rotator cuff strength and, 1677t, 1680 internal, assessment of in hip, 1690 in shoulder, 1677t rotator cuff strength and, 1678t Rotator cuff tears, 1675–1681, 1677–1678t impingement syndrome and, 1675 strength testing and, 1675–1680, 1677–1678t Rotatrix. See Rotavirus vaccine Rotavirus vaccine, 1405 Rotaviruses, diarrhea/gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 1293, 1295t, 1404–1405 Roth spots, in endocarditis, 1435 Rotor syndrome, 663t Rotterdam score, in hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome), 699 Rouleaux formation in myeloma, 528 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Roundworm infections. See also specific type filariasis, 1524–1528
index intestinal, 578, 1517–1520 invasive, 1520–1524 visceral larva migrans caused by, 1523 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, for obesity, 14, 1261 hypoglycemia after, 1242 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, for gallbladder cancer, 1607 Rowasa. See Mesalamine Roxanol. See Morphine Roxicodone. See Oxycodone Rozerem. See Ramelteon RP. See Raynaud phenomenon RPR test, 659, 1466, 1466t in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 836 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1334, 1335 pityriasis rosea differential diagnosis and, 109 RRP. See Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis RS3PE (remitting seronegative synovitis with non-pitting edema), 864 RST (rapid serum tube), orange top, 1736t RSV. See Respiratory syncytial virus RSVIG. See Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin rt-PA. See Tissue plasminogen activator RT3U. See Resin T3/T4 uptake RTA. See Renal tubular acidosis rtPA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). See Alteplase RU 486. See Mifepristone Rubber band ligation. See Banding Rubella, 1357t, 1374–1375 arthritis associated with, 861, 1374, 1375 during pregnancy/congenital, 1374, 1375 prevention/immunization and, 1374, 1375. See also MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine arthritis and, 861, 1375 pregnancy and, 1309t, 1375 Rubella virus vaccine, 1374, 1375. See also MMR (measles-mumpsrubella) vaccine Rubeola. See Measles Rubeotic (neovascular) glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion and, 182 Rufen. See Ibuprofen Rufinamide, 972 Rugger jersey spine, 1141 Rule of nines, 1549–1550, 1549f for topical corticosteroid calculation, 94 Rumination, 566 Runner’s knee (patellofemoral pain), 1692, 1697t, 1700–1701 Russell viper venom time/Russell viper venom clotting time for lupus anticoagulant detection, 554, 834, 836 reference values for, 1734t Ruxolitinib, for primary myelofibrosis, 515
RV (residual volume), in COPD, 261 RVA (rabies vaccine adsorbed), 1315 RVD regimen, for myeloma, 529 RVV/RVVT. See Russell viper venom time/Russell viper venom clotting time RYGB. See Roux-en-Y gastric bypass S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza Virus). See “A(H1N1)pdm09” (swine-origin) influenza S stage sleep, 1075 SAAG. See Serum-ascites albumin gradient Sabia virus, 1384 Sabin-Feldman dye test, in toxoplasmosis, 1501 Sabin vaccine (oral/OPV poliovaccine), 1373 IPV booster and, 1315 VDPV and, 1372, 1374 Saccharin, for diabetics, 1205 Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic, for antibiotic-associated colitis relapse, 638 Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, in Crohn disease, 642 Saccular (berry) aneurysm, 984, 986. See also Intracranial aneurysm Sacral spine/disk disease. See also Spine back pain and, 820, 820t Sacral zoster, 119 Sacroiliac joint/sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis, 855 in psoriatic arthritis, 856 reactive arthritis and, 857 SAD. See Seasonal affective disorder Saddle nose deformity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 in nasal trauma, 221 Sadism, sexual, 1050 Safer sex in hepatitis prevention, 669, 671 in herpes simplex infection prevention, 1355 in HIV infection/AIDS prevention, 4, 1321, 1333, 1335 in syphilis prevention, 1467 Sag sign, 1696t, 1699 Sagittal sinus thrombosis, in pseudotumor cerebri, 995 Salagen. See Pilocarpine Salicylates. See also Aspirin overdose/toxicity of, 1569t, 1588–1589 alkali therapy for, 893, 1589 anion gap/osmolar gap in, 891, 1588 hemodialysis for, 1568t, 1589 ophthalmic effects and, 197t platelet function affected by, 549t reference values for, 1734t for rheumatic fever/heart disease, 418 Salicylic acid preparations, for wart removal, 140 Saline, 897, 897t. See also Fluid management/hydration contrast media nephrotoxicity mediated by, 904 for core rewarming, 1544 for cystic fibrosis, 268
CMDT 2013
1909
for diabetic ketoacidosis, 891, 1233 dilutional acidosis and, 893 for eye decontamination, 194, 1566 for heat exposure syndromes, 1548 for hypercalcemia, 884, 1646–1647 for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 1236 for hypernatremia, 876 for hyponatremia, 874–875 hypotension in poisoning/drug overdose and, 1563 for liver failure, 673 for metabolic alkalosis, 895 Saline breast prosthesis. See Breast implants Saline infusion sonohysterography, 748t in abnormal postmenopausal bleeding, 749 in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747, 748 Saline purgatives. See Purgatives Saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis, 894, 894–895, 894t, 895 Saline-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis, 894, 894t, 895 Salivary glands, 232–233 infiltrative disorders of, 232 inflammatory disorders of acute, 232 chronic, 232 in mumps, 1370, 1370f, 1371 tumors of, 232–233 Salivary stones (sialolithiasis), 232 Salk vaccine (inactivated/IPV poliovaccine), 1373 pregnancy and, 786 for travelers, 1315 Salmeterol for asthma, 250–252, 251t for COPD, 263 with fluticasone, 251t, 263 Salmon calcitonin. See Calcitonin Salmonella enterica subsp enterica (salmonellosis), 1300t, 1445–1446 bacteremia caused by, 1296, 1300t, 1445, 1446 choleraesuis, 1445 diarrhea/enterocolitis/gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1298, 1303t, 1330, 1446 drug resistance and, 1446 typhi, 1445 typhimurium, 1445 Salpingectomy, for ectopic pregnancy, 791 Salpingitis, 762–764. See also Pelvic inflammatory disease appendicitis differentiated from, 631 chlamydial, 1462 gonococcal, 1452 tuberculous, 763 Salpingo-oophorectomy. See Oophorectomy Salpingostomy, for ectopic pregnancy, 791 Salt restriction. See Sodium-restricted diet Salt-sensitive hypertension, 436 Salt tablets, heat exposure syndromes and, 1547, 1548
1910
CMDT 2013
Salt wasting. See Renal salt wasting Salvia divinorum, toxicity of, 1583 Samarium, for bone pain, 1658t Sambuca, hypertension and hypokalemia caused by, 1165–1166 Samter triad, 222 Sand flies. See Flies Sandostatin. See Octreotide Sanjad-Sakati syndrome, 1136 Sao2 (oxygen saturation) in ARDS, 323 in asthma, exacerbation severity/ management and, 247t, 256, 258f in carbon monoxide poisoning, 307, 1576 in cor pulmonale, 426 in dyspnea evaluation, 25 home oxygen therapy and, 262t in near drowning, 1556 Pneumocystis pneumonia treatment and, 1535 in respiratory failure, 320 in sleep apnea, 318, 319 SAPE (sentinel acute pancreatitis event), 715 Saphenous vein superficial thrombophlebitis of, 480 varicose, 478, 479, 1720 Saphris. See Asenapine SAPIEN prosthetic valve, 343 Sappinia, 1505, 1506 Saquinavir, 1342t, 1344, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with ritonavir, 1344 Sarafem. See Fluoxetine Sarcocystis bovihominis/suihominis (sarcocystosis), 1506–1508 Sarcoidosis, 223, 295–296, 295f arthritis in, 864 erythema nodosum and, 150 hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria in, 296, 883, 1141 neuropathy associated with, 1024 nose and paranasal sinus involvement and, 223, 295f optic neuritis in, 188 pulmonary involvement and, 295–296 Sarcoma. See also specific type soft tissue, 1612t Sarcoptes scabiei infection (scabies), 147– 148, 147f Sargramostim (GM-CSF) for chemotherapy-induced toxicity, 1659t for HIV infection/AIDS, 1340 for neutropenia, 510 Sarin (GB) poisoning, 1587 Sarna. See Camphor/menthol preparations SARS. See Severe acute respiratory syndrome Satavaptan, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875 Saturday night palsy, 1026, 1027 Saturnine gout, in lead poisoning, 814 Saw palmetto, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 960 Saxagliptin, 1207t, 1212, 1221 with metformin, 1213
index Saxitoxin, paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by, 1589t Sb. See Stibogluconate Scabies, 147–148, 147f tinea differentiated from, 113 Scaling skin disorders, 95t, 103–117. See also specific type Scalp allergic contact dermatitis involving, 124 injuries of, 1016–1017 in pediculosis, 148 pemphigus involving, 138 psoriasis of, 107 seborrhea of, 109 Scalpicin. See Hydrocortisone Scapula winging/“dyskinesis,” in impingement syndrome, 1675 Scarlet fever, 1357t, 1419, 1421 Scarring, prevention of in burn injury, 1552 Scarring (cicatricial) alopecias, 156 SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma SCDs (sequential compression devices). See Pneumatic compression devices Scedosporium apiospermum/prolificans, in opportunistic infections, 1540–1541, 1542 Schatzki rings, 592t, 600–601 Schiller test, in CIN, 755 Schilling test, short bowel syndrome/ileal resection and, 625 Schirmer test, 166 in Sjögren syndrome diagnosis, 843 Schistocytes in DIC, 545 in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, 508 Schistosoma haematobium/intercalatum/ japonicum/mansoni/mekongi (schistosomiasis), 1511–1512 bladder cancer and, 1511, 1638 pulmonary hypertension in, 424, 1511 Schizoaffective disorders, 1054 Schizoid personality disorder, 1051, 1052t Schizophrenia/schizophrenic disorders, 1053–1062, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also Psychotic disorders classification of, 1053–1054 depression and, 1054, 1055, 1058, 1065–1066, 1068 differential diagnosis of, 1055 drug-induced/toxic, 1055 drug therapy for, 1055–1061, 1056t, 1057t, 1060t. See also Antipsychotic drugs mania differentiated from, 1055 positive and negative symptoms in, 1053 antipsychotic drugs affecting, 1057, 1058 prodromal, 1054 suicide risk and, 1054, 1056, 1060 Schizophreniform disorders, 1054 Schizotypal personality disorder, 1051, 1052t Schmidt syndrome, 1155 Schneiderian papillomas, 222
Schober test of lumbar motion, 820 Schwannoma gastrointestinal, 1619 vestibular (acoustic neuroma/ neurinoma/eighth nerve tumor), 210t, 212–213, 990t, 991 hearing loss and, 210t, 212 in neurofibromatosis, 212, 996 Sciatic nerve palsy, 1027 Sciatica, 819, 820, 821, 1685, 1686. See also Back pain Scintigraphy. See specific type sCJD. See Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease SCL-70 (scleroderma) antibody, 833t, 839 SCLC. See Small cell carcinoma of lung SCLE. See Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus Sclera blue, in osteogenesis imperfecta, 1145 lacerations of, 193 Sclerectomy, for glaucoma, 177 Scleritis, in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849, 849f Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), 838–840 autoantibodies in, 833t, 839 dysphagia in, 592t, 838, 839 limited. See CREST syndrome linear, 839 pulmonary hypertension in, 424, 838 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837, 838, 839 Scleroderma (anti-SCL-70) antibody, 833t, 839 Scleroderma renal crisis, 838, 839 Scleromyxedema, 839 Sclerosis. See Sclerotherapy Sclerotherapy for esophageal varices, 602, 603 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 for hemorrhoids, 658 for malignant effusions, 1646 for varicose veins, 479, 1720 SCN1A gene, in familial hemiplegic migraine, 963 SCN4A gene, in periodic paralysis, 1036 Scoliosis back pain and, 820 in Marfan syndrome, 1670 in syringomyelia, 1018 Scombroid poisoning, 1589, 1589t Scopolamine for nausea and vomiting, 86, 569 overdose/toxicity of, 1575 in terminally ill/dying patient, 91 Scorpion stings, 1590 Scotch tape test, in enterobiasis/ pinworms, 1520 Scotomas. See also Visual field defects/loss in migraine headache, 963 in optic neuritis, 188 Scratch-itch cycle. See also Pruritus in lichen simplex chronicus, 105 Screamer’s nodules, 235 Screening tests. See specific type and disorder and Diagnostic/ laboratory tests; Genetic testing; Prenatal testing
index Scrofula, 1458 Scrotal mass. See Testes, masses/tumors of Scrotal pain. See also Testicular pain in epididymitis, 944 Scrotal pruritus, 146 Scrotal swelling, in filariasis, 1525 Scrub typhus, 1409t, 1411–1412 Scuba/deep sea diving dysbarism/decompression sickness and, 202, 1557–1558 eustachian tube dysfunction/otic barotrauma and, 202, 202– 203 Scurvy, 1266 SDH (suscinate dehydrogenase) gene mutations, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1167, 1168, 1171 SDHB mutation, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1168, 1171 SDHD mutation, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1168 “SEADS” mnemonic, in musculoskeletal injury evaluation, 1673 Seafood poisonings, 1589, 1589t. See also Fish; Shellfish Seasonal affective disorder, 1063, 1066, 1071 Seasonal influenza, 1394–1397. See also Influenza Seborrheic dermatitis, 109–110, 109f atopic dermatitis differentiated from, 103 in HIV infection/AIDS, 109, 1331 pityriasis rosea differentiated from, 109 tinea differentiated from, 112 Seborrheic keratoses, 101–102, 101f Sebum, in acne, 125 Seclusion rooms, for aggressive/violent patient, 1079 Second-degree burn, 1550 Second-degree heart block, 394 in myocardial infarction, 373 Second-hand smoke. See Passive smoking Second heart sound (S2). See Heart sounds Secretin stimulation test in pancreatitis, 716 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620 Secretory diarrhea, 574t, 578, 579f. See also Diarrhea Sectral. See Acebutolol Sedation antidepressants causing, 1067, 1068, 1070t opioids causing, 79 Sedative-hypnotics, 1042t for alcohol withdrawal, 1082 antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for anxiety/stress disorders, 1039, 1042t in COPD management, 264 for delirium, 86 for insomnia, 1042t, 1076 for nausea and vomiting, 569, 569t overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 sleep affected by, 1076
Sedentary lifestyle. See Lifestyle, sedentary Segmental myoclonus, 1004 Segond fracture, 1698 Seizures, 968–975, 970t, 973t. See also specific type and Epilepsy; Status epilepticus absence (petit mal), 970, 970t, 973t alcohol withdrawal, 969, 974, 1080, 1083 antidepressant use and, 1068–1069, 1565t, 1591 antipsychotic drug use and, 1060 atonic, 970 brain abscess and, 969, 994 cerebral arteriovenous malformations causing, 987, 987–988 classification of, 969–970, 970t clonic, 970 cognitive disorders/delirium and, 969, 1087t in cysticercosis, 1515 degenerative disorders and, 969 differential diagnosis of, 971–972 drug therapy for, 972, 973t. See also Anticonvulsant therapy flumazenil causing, 1563, 1580 focal, 969, 970t, 973t generalized, 969–970, 970t, 973t in hypocalcemia, 882 hysterical, 971–972 infection/infectious diseases and, 969 intracranial tumors causing, 969, 989, 991 isoniazid causing, 1565t, 1581 in malaria, 1490, 1491 myoclonic, 970, 970t, 973t, 1004 panic disorder differentiated from, 971 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1565, 1565t posttraumatic, 969 during pregnancy, 803 eclampsia and, 794, 795 psychogenic nonepileptic (pseudoepileptic), 971–972, 1045 schizophrenia differentiated from, 1055 serial, 970 solitary, 974 in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 surgical management of, 974 in tetanus, 1429 theophylline use and, 1565t, 1591 tonic, 970 tonic-clonic (grand mal), 970, 970t transient ischemic attacks differentiated from, 971, 978 in tuberous sclerosis, 996 vagal nerve stimulation for, 974 vascular disorders and, 969 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), 1656t. See also Tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention/treatment, 723, 1708 in cancer chemotherapy, 1656t for gynecomastia, 1179 for osteoporosis, 1147, 1185 Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, 868 anaphylactic transfusion reactions and, 535
CMDT 2013
1911
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors Selegiline overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1585 for parkinsonism, 1000 transdermal, 1069, 1070t Selenium for Hashimoto thyroiditis, 1122 for tinea versicolor, 114 Self-care assessment of ability to manage, 58, 59, 1006 asthma management and, 248, 249f, 256, 258f clinician, providing end-of-life care and, 89 diabetes management and, 1218 Self-examination, breast, in cancer screening, 15t, 724, 1708 Self-help groups. See Support groups Self-hypnosis, for factitious disorders, 1046 Self-monitoring of blood glucose, in diabetes mellitus, 1200 in pregnant patient, 801 Self-mutilation, 1065 Self-neglect, in elderly, 72–73 Self-treatment, malaria prophylaxis and, 1498 Selzentry. See Maraviroc Semantic dementia, 1008t Semen analysis in infertility workup, 768, 954, 954f, 955 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174 Semicircular canal dehiscence, vertigo and, 212 Seminal emission, loss of (anejaculation), 951, 1050. See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis. See Klinefelter syndrome Seminomas, 1177, 1642, 1643, 1644 SEN-V virus, 670 Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, for esophageal varices, 603 Senile (atrial natriuretic peptide) amyloid, 531 Senile cataract, 179 Senile freckles. See Lentigines Senna, 571, 572t Sennetsu fever, 1414 SENSA tests. See Fecal occult blood testing Sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. See Neuropathies Sensorineural hearing loss, 198, 199. See also Hearing loss in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 in Ménière syndrome (endolymphatic hydrops), 210, 210t Sensory conduction velocity studies. See Conduction velocity studies Sensory disturbances/loss, 976. See also Neuropathies dementia evaluation and, 60, 61 in diabetic neuropathy, 1022, 1224 dissociated, 976 in focal seizures, 969, 976, 991
1912
CMDT 2013
Sensory disturbances/loss (Cont.): in intracerebral hemorrhage, 983 in intracranial tumors, 991 in leprosy, 1023, 1460 in restless legs syndrome, 1004 in spinal cord infarction, 989 in spinal lesions/tumors, 976 in spinal trauma, 1018 in stroke, 981 in syringomyelia, 1018 Sensory hearing loss, 198, 206–208. See also Hearing loss autoimmune, 208, 210t in cochlear otosclerosis, 205 hereditary, 207–208 sudden, 207 tinnitus and, 208 Sensory neuronopathy, cancer-related, 995, 1024, 1596t Sentinel acute pancreatitis event (SAPE), 715 Sentinel loop, in pancreatitis, 712 Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer, 735, 735f arm edema avoidance and, 744 neoadjuvant therapy and, 738–739 in melanoma, 102–103 Sentinel pile, 660 Seoul viruses, 1388 Sepsis/septic shock, 485, 486, 487, 488, 488–489, 489. See also Bacteremia; Infection/ infectious diseases ARDS and, 322, 323 burn injury and, 1551 catheter-related, 1282, 1283, 1284 corticosteroids for, 488, 1444 DIC and, 545, 1444 E coli causing, 1299t goal directed therapy of, 487 gram-negative, 1443–1445 in listeriosis, 1434 in liver failure, 673 postabortion, 777 anaerobic, 1456 in pyelonephritis, 941 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 thrombocytopenia and, 547, 1444 vibrios causing, 1300t, 1448–1449 Septal ablation, for cardiomyopathy, 415 Septal hematoma, in nasal trauma, 221 Septal hypertrophy, in cardiomyopathy, 414, 416 Septata species. See Encephalitozoon Septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial) arthritis, 858–859, 1302t in drug users, 859, 1292 rheumatoid arthritis and, 827, 859 Septic bursitis, 825 Septic thrombophlebitis, 480, 1302t anaerobic infections and, 1454, 1455 catheter-associated infection and, 480, 1302t in drug user, 1292 perforated appendicitis and, 631 portal vein, noncirrhotic portal hypertension and, 699 sigmoid sinus, otitis media and, 205 Septic transfusion reaction, 535
index Septo-optic dysplasia (de Morsier syndrome), 1093 Septoplasty, nasal, for sleep apnea, 319 Septra. See Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Sequential compression devices. See Pneumatic compression devices Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in liver failure, 673 in pancreatitis, 712 Sequoiosis, 310t Serax. See Oxazepam Serial seizures, 970. See also Seizures Serine protease 1 (PRSS1) gene, in chronic pancreatitis, 715 Serine protease inhibitor (SPINK1) gene, in chronic pancreatitis, 715 Serine threonine kinase gene, in PeutzJeghers syndrome, 655 SERMs. See Selective estrogen receptor modulators Seronegative spondyloarthropathies, 854–858. See also specific type back pain in, 820 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Seronegative synovitis, remitting, with non-pitting edema, 864 Seroquel. See Quetiapine Serotonin, carcinoids secreting, 1172, 1621 Serotonin receptor agonists, for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, in nausea and vomiting, 566, 1660 Serotonin 5-HT3-receptor-blocking agents. See also Serotoninselective reuptake inhibitors for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 for migraine headache, 963–964 for nausea and vomiting, 568–569, 568t Serotonin-selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs), for neuropathic pain, 84t, 85 Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 1067–1068, 1070t for aggressive/violent patient, 1078–1079 for anxiety/stress disorders, 1043 for dementia, 1009 for depression, 1067–1068 hyponatremia caused by, 872 for irritable bowel syndrome, 635 MAOI interaction and, 1067 for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, 780 for OCD, 1044, 1067 overdose/toxicity of, 1067–1068, 1070t, 1565, 1585 suicidal, 1065 for panic attacks, 1044, 1067 for personality disorders, 1053 for phobic disorder, 1044 platelet function affected by, 549t, 1067 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 for psychosexual disorders, 1051 for PTSD, 1040
serotonin syndrome caused by, 1067, 1565, 1585, 1592 sexual side effects of, 1051, 1067 withdrawal from, 1067 Serotonin syndrome, 35, 36, 1067, 1565, 1585, 1592 Serous otitis media, 202 in HIV infection/AIDS, 213 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and, 202, 223 Serous retinal detachment, 180 Serpalan. See Reserpine Serpasil. See Reserpine Serrated adenomas, 652, 653, 1622 Serrated polyps, 652, 653, 653–654 Serratia, 1300t Sertaconazole, 97t Sertoli cell tumors, 1177, 1642 gynecomastia and, 1178 Sertraline, 1065, 1067, 1070t. See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors breastfeeding and, 782t in elderly, 63 overdose/toxicity of, 1070t, 1591–1592 for panic attacks, 1044 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), 587t, 588 in cirrhosis, 588, 688 in mesothelioma, 591 in pancreatic ascites, 591 in peritoneal carcinomatosis, 590 in portal hypertension, 587t, 588 Serum eye drops, for dry eye, 166 Serum glucose, in diabetes, 1198 Serum osmolality. See Osmolality Serum protein electrophoresis in amyloidosis, 531 in myeloma, 528 in protein-losing enteropathy, 632 reference values for, 1734t in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 530 Serum separator tubes (SST), gold top, 1736t Serum sickness, 866, 867. See also Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity in hepatitis B, 668 urticarial vasculitis in, 133 Serzone. See Nefazodone Sessile serrated adenoma, 652, 653 Sestamibi (technetium-99m) scintigraphy, in angina, 353 Sevelamer, for hyperphosphatemia, 886 in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 1400–1401 Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, 1385 Sex change surgery, for transsexuals, 1050, 1051 Sex chromosomes. See X chromosome; Y chromosome Sex steroid replacement therapy. See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy; Testosterone replacement therapy
index for hypogonadism, 1096–1097, 1176– 1177 Sexual abuse incest, 1050 pedophilia, 1049–1050 victims of, 1078 Sexual arousal disorders, 1049–1050, 1050–1051. See also Sexual dysfunction in female, 766, 767, 1714 Sexual assault. See Rape Sexual behavior hepatitis/hepatitis vaccination and, 667, 669, 670, 671 herpes simplex infections and, 1350 HIV infection/AIDS and, 4, 1319–1321, 1333 postexposure prophylaxis and, 4, 1336 prevention and, 4 STDs and, 1291 syphilis and, 1464, 1467 Sexual desire disorders, 1050 in female, 766, 767, 1714 Sexual dysfunction in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910, 914 drugs causing, 952, 1051, 1067 antidepressants, 1051, 1067, 1069 antipsychotics, antipsychotics causing, 1059 lithium, 1073 endocrine causes of, 952 in female, 766–767, 1714 in male, 951–953. See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence hypogonadism and, 952, 1094, 1175 psychosexual, 1050, 1051 Sexual identity, disorders of, 1050, 1050–1051 Sexual intercourse cystitis associated with, 43 headache associated with, 966 HIV infection/AIDS transmission and, 4, 1319–1321, 1333 postexposure prophylaxis and, 4, 1336 painful. See Dyspareunia unlawful (statutory rape), 777 unprotected, emergency/postcoital contraception and, 776 IUD for, 774, 776 Sexual masochism, 1050 Sexual pain disorders, in female, 767 Sexual sadism, 1050 Sexuality/sexual health, in women, 1714 Sexually transmitted diseases, 1290–1292. See also specific disease condoms in prevention of, 4, 1291, 1711. See also Condoms drug use and, 1292 epididymitis, 940t, 944, 945 HIV testing in patients with, 1290, 1291, 1711 IUD use and, 774 during pregnancy, 806 prevention of, 4, 1290–1291 in women, 1711 rape/sexual assault and, 778, 1291 reactive arthritis and, 857 syphilis testing and, 1291, 1467
Sézary cells, in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), 115 Sézary syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis/ erythroderma and, 116 SFA. See Superficial femoral artery SGLT2 gene, in nondiabetic (renal) glycosuria, 1198 SGOT. See Aspartate aminotransferase SGPT. See Alanine aminotransferase Shagreen patches, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Shared epitope, in rheumatoid arthritis, 826 Shaver disease, 309t Shaving preoperative, surgical site infection and, 56 pseudofolliculitis and, 129 Shawl sign, 840 Sheathotomy, arteriovenous, for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Sheep cell agglutination tests, in mononucleosis, 1362 Sheep liver fluke infection, 1512–1513 Shellfish in angiostrongyliasis, 1522 in gnathostomiasis, 1522 in paragonimiasis, 1513 poisoning by, 1589, 1589t in vibrio infection, 1448 Shift work sleep disorder, 1077 Shiga-toxin–producing E coli, 575, 576, 1293, 1294t, 1447. See also Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shigella dysenteriae/flexneri/sonnei (shigellosis/bacillary dysentery), 574t, 575, 1293, 1295t, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1300t, 1303t, 1330, 1447 Shin spots, diabetic, 1228 Shingles. See Herpes zoster Shiny corner sign, 855 Shock, 485–489, 485t anaphylactic. See Anaphylaxis/ anaphylactic shock cardiogenic, 367t, 368, 374, 485, 485t, 486, 487, 487–488, 489 dengue, 1386, 1387 distributive, 485, 485t, 488 in heat stroke, 1548 hypovolemic, 485, 485t, 486, 487 in infectious myocarditis, 410 in myocardial infarction, 367t, 368, 374 neurogenic, 485–486, 486 obstructive, 485, 485t, 486 in pancreatitis, 711, 713, 714 pheochromocytoma/ pheochromocytoma removal and, 1169, 1170 rewarming, 1544 septic. See Sepsis/septic shock vasodilatory (distributive), 485, 485t, 488 Shock liver, 699 Shock wave lithotripsy. See also Lithotripsy for renal stones, 950 for salivary stones, 232 for ureteral stones, 950
CMDT 2013
1913
Short-acting insulin, 1214, 1214f, 1214t, 1215. See also Insulin therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1215 Short bowel syndrome, 625–626 lactic acidosis and, 891 Short stature in GH deficiency, 1094 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187, 1187t Shortness of breath. See Dyspnea Shoulder, 1674–1683, 1676–1680t dislocated/unstable, 1679–1680t, 1681–1682 examination of, 1676–1680t frozen (adhesive capsulitis), 1682–1683 in diabetes, 1228 rotator cuff tears and, 1675–1681, 1677–1678t subacromial impingement syndrome and, 1674–1675, 1678–1679t Shoulder apprehension test, 1679t, 1681 Shoulder-hand syndrome, 825 Shoulder pain in adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), 1682 in brachial plexus neuropathy, 1029 dislocation/instability and, 1681 in impingement syndrome/rotator cuff disorders, 1675 in polymyalgia rheumatica, 845 Shoulder stability/instability, 1679–1680t, 1681–1682 SHOX gene, in Turner syndrome, 1187 Shunt procedures for hydrocephalus in intracranial tumors, 991 portosystemic. See Portosystemic shunts for pseudotumor cerebri, 995–996 for tetralogy of Fallot, 331 Shunts in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 327–328, 328, 329 in patent ductus arteriosus, 332, 333 in ventricular septal defect, 329, 330 Shy-Drager syndrome (multisystem atrophy) dysautonomia and, 975 parkinsonism and, 998 SIADH. See Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion Sialadenitis, 232 Sialoendoscopy, for sialolithiasis, 232 Sialolithiasis, 232 Siberian Asian tick typhus, 1409t, 1414 Sibutramine, for obesity, 1260 in type 2 diabetes, 1220 Sick role (invalidism) chronic pain disorders and, 1047 psychiatric problems associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1091 Sick sinus syndrome, 394 Sickle cell anemia/syndromes, 503–505, 505t acute chest syndrome in, 28 cholelithiasis/gallstones and, 503, 702 contraceptive counseling and, 799 genetic/prenatal/screening testing for, 503, 504, 783, 799 osteomyelitis and, 503, 861
1914
CMDT 2013
Sickle cell anemia/syndromes (Cont.): in pregnancy, 799 renal dysfunction associated with, 503, 936 Sickle cell glomerulopathy, 936 Sickle cell retinopathy, 187, 503 Sickle cell trait, 504, 505t pregnancy and, 799 Sickle thalassemia, 505, 505t Sideroblastic anemia/sideroblasts, 496– 497 myelodysplastic syndromes and, 496, 497, 517, 518 Siderosis, 309t Sigmoid esophagus, 605 Sigmoid sinus thrombosis, otitis media and, 205 Sigmoidoscopy in antibiotic-associated colitis, 637 in cancer screening/polyp identification, 16, 653, 1626t, 1627–1628 in fecal incontinence, 660 in GI bleeding, 584 in irritable bowel syndrome, 634 in ulcerative colitis, 647 Signal recognition particle (SRP) antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 Significant others. See Family/significant others SIL. See Squamous intraepithelial lesions Sildenafil adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t, 1226 for erectile dysfunction, 952, 1051 antidepressant-induced, 1051, 1067 in diabetes, 1226 nitrate/nitroglycerin contraindications and, 370, 952, 1051, 1226 for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 in women, 767 Silent myocardial infarction. See also Myocardial infarction dyspnea in, 24 Silent thyroiditis, 1111, 1121. See also Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis Silent ulcers, 612 Silibinin/silymarin, for mushroom poisoning, 673, 1585 Silicone gel breast implants. See Breast implants Silicosis, 309, 309t Silo-filler’s disease, 311 Silodosin, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959t Silymarin/silibinin, for mushroom poisoning, 673, 1585 Simple drug eruptions, 160 Simple partial seizures, 969. See also Seizures Simple/solitary renal cysts, 934, 934t Simultagnosia, intracranial tumors causing, 991 SIMV. See Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation Simvastatin, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Statin drugs for Hashimoto thyroiditis, 1122
index for polycystic ovary syndrome, 1163 protease inhibitor interactions and, 1344 Sin Nombre virus, 1388 Sinemet. See Carbidopa/levodopa Sinequan. See Doxepin Singer’s nodules, 235 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in angina, 353 in thyroid cancer surveillance, 1132 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620 Singultus (hiccups), 569–570 Sinoatrial exit block (sick sinus syndrome), 394 Sinonasal inflammatory disease, 223 Sinus arrest (sick sinus syndrome), 394 Sinus arrhythmia, 380–381 Sinus bradycardia, 380. See also Bradycardia/ bradyarrhythmias in myocardial infarction, 365, 372 persistent (sick sinus syndrome), 394 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t in sleep apnea, 319 Sinus tachycardia, 380–381. See also Tachycardia/tachyarrhythmia in hyperthyroidism, 1112, 1118 in myocardial infarction, 372 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t Sinus venosus atrial septal defect, 327, 328 Sinuses. See Paranasal sinuses Sinusitis, 214–217, 216t, 1303t in aspergillosis, 217, 1537, 1538 facial pain in, 216, 968 Haemophilus causing, 1442 headache in, 215, 962 in HIV infection/AIDS, 217, 1327 hospital-associated, 215, 216 invasive fungal, 217–218 nasopharyngeal/paranasal sinus cancer and, 223 orbital cellulitis and, 191, 216 Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 698 drugs/toxins causing, 683 Sipple syndrome. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), type 2A Sipuleucel-T, 1656t for prostate cancer, 1637 Sirolimus, 1724t SIRS. See Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Sister Joseph’s nodule, 1608 Sister Mary Joseph nodule, 1616 Sitagliptin, 1207t, 1212, 1221 with metformin, 1213 with metformin and pioglitazone, 1212 overdose/toxicity of, 1212, 1221, 1580 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 Siti (endemic syphilis), 1475 Situational (stress and adjustment) disorders, 1038–1039. See also Adjustment (situational) disorders Sixth disease (exanthema subitum), 1350, 1356t, 1366 Sixth nerve paralysis, 190
Sjögren syndrome, 842–844 autoantibodies in, 833t, 843 SJS. See Stevens-Johnson syndrome SJS/TEN overlap. See Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap Skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic (DISH), 855, 1228 Skeletal system disorders. See Bone; Musculoskeletal disorders Skin, 94–161 anaerobic flora of, 1454 atrophy of, atopic dermatitis treatment and, 104 biopsy of in basal cell carcinoma, 142 in cellulitis, 137 in cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1488 in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), 115 in exfoliative dermatitis/ erythroderma, 116 in leprosy, 1460 in Lyme disease, 1480 in onchocerciasis, 1526–1527 in polyarteritis nodosa, 848 in rabies, 1376 in Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1412 in stasis ulcer, 154 caustic/corrosive injuries of, 1566, 1571, 1572 changes in, in chronic venous insufficiency, 33, 34, 481 decontamination of, 1566 for caustic/corrosive burns, 1566, 1571, 1572 chemical warfare agents and, 1566, 1587 disorders of. See specific type and Skin cancer; Skin disorders dry atopic dermatitis and, 103 emollients for, 94, 98–99t hardening of. See Scleroderma Skin bends, 1557 Skin cancer. See also specific type basal cell carcinoma, 142, 142f ear involved in, 199 eyelid involvement and, 164 melanoma, 102–103, 102f PUVA therapy and, 107 squamous cell carcinoma, 143, 143f sun avoidance in prevention of, 15, 99 in transplant recipients, 143 Skin disorders, 94–161, 95t. See also specific type and Dermatitis anaerobic infections, 1456, 1456f anthrax, 1431, 1432, 1433 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1060 arthropod infestations, 148–150 in blastomycosis, 1539 blistering (bullous), 95t, 138–139 cancer. See Skin cancer cancer-related, 1596t candidal infection, 132 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 in Chagas disease (chagoma), 1486 chemotherapy causing, 1661 chilblain (erythema pernio), 1545
index in chromoblastomycosis, 1540 in chronic kidney disease/uremia, 909t, 910 in coccidioidomycosis, 1532 cryptococcal, 1536 in cutaneous larva migrans, 1523, 1524f in cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1488, 1488f, 1489 cystic, 95t in decompression sickness, 1557 in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1228 in dracunculiasis, 1520, 1521 in drug users, 1292 drugs causing (dermatitis medicamentosa/drug eruption), 158–161, 159–160t in electrical burns, 1550, 1552, 1553 epidermal inclusion cysts, 152 erosive, 95t erythemas, 95t, 132–138 frostbite, 1546 fungal infections, 110–114, 110f, 111f, 113f. See also Tinea in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 in gonococcal arthritis, 860, 1452 in Graves disease (dermopathy/ pretibial myxedema), 1110, 1113 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 852, 919t, 923 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330–1331 in hookworm disease, 1518, 1523 in leprosy, 1460 in Lyme disease, 135–136, 135f, 1478, 1479 morbilliform, 95t morphologic categorization of, 95t in mycetoma, 1540 mycobacterial infections, 1458 in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 937 in niacin deficiency, 1265 in nocardiosis, 1457 nodules, 95t inflammatory, 150–152 violaceous to purple, 143–145 in onchocerciasis, 1526 papules, 95t, 139–143 violaceous to purple, 143–145 in paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis), 1539 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1168t photodermatitis, 95t, 152–153. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity pigmentary, 155–156. See also Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation drugs causing, 155, 160t in hypercarotenosis, 1267 pigmented lesions, 95t, 100–103 in polyarteritis nodosa, 150, 847 pruritus (itching) and, 95t, 145–150. See also specific cause pustular, 95t, 125–132 radiation causing, 1554
in sarcoidosis, 295, 295f scaling, 95t, 103–117 in schistosomiasis, 1511 in sporotrichosis, 1539 staphylococcal infections, 1421t, 1425– 1426, 1425f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 streptococcal infections, 1420–1422, 1421t in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in syphilis, 1464, 1469, 1469f, 1470f, 1471. See also Chancre; Gummas treatment of, 94–100, 95–99t adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs in, 197t complications of, 99–100 in tuberous sclerosis, 996 in tularemia, 1450 ulcers, 95t, 153–155 in diabetics, 153–155, 1224–1225, 1225f, 1228 in dracunculiasis, 1520, 1521 in mycetoma, 1540 osteomyelitis and, 154, 862 in paracoccidioidomycosis, 1539 in polyarteritis, 847 pressure, 70–71, 71f bed rest/immobility and, 65, 70 in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 in sporotrichosis, 1539 venous insufficiency/varicose veins/ lower extremity occlusive disease and, 33, 34, 153–155, 154f, 467, 479, 481 venous insufficiency/varicose veins and. See Skin disorders, ulcers; Stasis dermatitis; Venous insufficiency/stasis vesicular, 95t, 118–123 weeping/crusted, 95t, 123–125 drying agents for, 94 Skin grafts in burn care, 1550, 1551 for leg ulcers, 154 Skin test anergy in HIV infection/AIDS, 1323, 1326, 1334 measles causing, 1368 in sarcoidosis, 295 tuberculin skin test and, 282 Skin tests. See also specific type allergy, 866, 1306 in asthma, 248 in penicillin allergy, 1305, 1306 tuberculin, 4, 282, 283t, 286. See also Tuberculin skin test latent disease treatment and, 286, 286–287 Skull base tumors, vocal fold paralysis caused by, 238 Skull fractures, 1016, 1016–1017. See also Head injury hearing loss and, 207 vertigo caused by, 211 SLC30A8 gene/antibodies, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus Sleep abnormal behaviors during (parasomnias), 1077–1078
CMDT 2013
1915
age-related changes in, 1075 breathing disorders and, 231–232, 318–319. See also Sleep apnea disorders of, 1075–1078 fatigue/chronic fatigue and, 38, 40 drugs for problems with, 1042t, 1043, 1076–1077 stages of, 1075 Sleep apnea, 318, 1077 central, 318 fatigue/chronic fatigue and, 38, 40, 319 hypertension and, 319, 436 mixed, 318 in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, 318 obstructive, 231, 318, 318–319 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 50 pulmonary hypertension and, 424 testosterone replacement therapy and, 1177 Sleep attacks, in narcolepsy, 1077 Sleep hygiene, 1076 Sleep panic attacks, 1041 Sleep paralysis, in narcolepsy, 1077 Sleep terror (pavor nocturnus), 1077, 1078 Sleepiness. See Somnolence Sleeping sickness, 1484–1485, 1485t Sleepwalking (somnambulism), 1041, 1077, 1078 Slow colonic transit, constipation and, 570, 570t, 571 Sm antibody, in lupus/SLE, 114, 833, 833t, 834t SMA. See Spinal muscular atrophy SMAD4 gene mutation, in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 1671 Small cell carcinoma of lung, 1597, 1611t. See also Lung cancer myasthenic syndrome and, 1596t paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t, 1597 staging of, 1598, 1598t survival rates for, 1597, 1598t treatment of, 1600, 1611t Small intestine. See also under Intestinal adenocarcinomas in, 1620 Crohn disease and, 643, 1620 bacterial overgrowth in, 624–625. See also Bacterial overgrowth biopsy of in celiac disease, 622 in Whipple disease, 624 carcinoid tumors in, 1620–1621 disorders of, 621–632, 621t appendicitis and, 630–631 malabsorption and, 621–627, 621t malignant tumors, 1620–1622 motility disorders, 627–630. See also Intestinal obstruction protein-losing enteropathy and, 631–632 tuberculosis, 631 lymphomas in, 1620 resection of, short bowel syndrome and, 625–626 sarcomas in, 1622
1916
CMDT 2013
Small intestine push enteroscopy, in GI bleeding, 585 Small intestine transplantation, for short bowel syndrome, 626 Smallpox (variola), 1357t, 1403–1404 Smallpox (variola) vaccination, 1403–1404 atopic dermatitis/eczema and, 104, 1403, 1404 Smell, disorders of sensation of, 219–220 Smith antibody, in lupus/SLE, 114, 833, 833t, 834t SMN (survival motor neuron) gene, in spinal muscular atrophies, 1020 Smoke inhalation, 307, 1550 burn survival and, 1550 cyanide poisoning and, 1577 Smoking, 6–8 aortic aneurysms and, 6, 473 asbestosis and, 309, 311 atherosclerotic disease and, 6, 464–465 bladder cancer and, 6, 1638 cancer and, 6, 15, 1593 cataract development and, 179 cessation of, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t, 1593 acute coronary syndromes and, 362t atherosclerotic disease and, 464–465, 1252 bupropion for, 8, 261, 1593 in cancer prevention, 15, 1593 in cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease prevention, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t, 1252 clinician’s role in, 8, 9–10t, 10t in COPD prevention/management, 6, 261 for hypertension, 441 nicotine replacement therapy for, 8, 1593 postoperative pulmonary complications reduced by, 51 for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease), 472 in COPD, 6, 259, 261 coronary heart disease and, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t, 350, 1249t, 1250 Crohn disease and, 641 environmental exposure and. See Passive smoking esophageal cancer and, 1613 Graves ophthalmopathy and, 1115, 1116, 1117 health hazards of, 6 hemoptysis and, 27 hypertension and, 436 incidence/prevalence of, 6–8 laryngeal cancer and, 236 laryngeal leukoplakia and, 236 lung cancer and, 6, 1593, 1595 as co-carcinogen, 311 screening for, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 in women, 1709 oral cancer and, 224 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 pancreatitis and, 711, 715 pneumothorax and, 317 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51
index during pregnancy, 783 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 6–8, 7t in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 respiratory bronchiolitis and, 269 sleep disorders and, 1076 thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) and, 472 ulcerative colitis and, 646 ureteral/renal pelvis cancer and, 1640 vocal fold changes and, 235 Smoldering multiple myeloma, 528, 529 Smooth muscle antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 684 Snails, in disease transmission. See Cercariae/metacercariae Snake bites, 1566t, 1589–1590 Snare resection, for Barrett esophagus, 595 Sneddon syndrome, 854 Sniffing (solvents/gases), 1086, 1583, 1587–1588 Snip biopsy, for wart removal, 140 Snoreplasty, 231 Snoring, 231–232 in sleep apnea, 231, 319 Snow blindness, 194 Social challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient, 91–92, 92t Social phobias, 1041, 1044 Social support. See Support groups Sodium dietary, 1268 hypertension and, 436, 441t, 1268 during pregnancy, 785 preventable disease/deaths associated with high intake of, 3t requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 restriction of. See Sodium-restricted diet urinary stone formation and, 946, 947, 948 disorders of concentration of, 871–877, 871f, 873t. See also Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia in fluid management, 897t. See also Saline fractional excretion of, in acute kidney injury, 902t, 903 hyperosmolality caused by, 877 intracellular, in hypertension, 436 retention of in volume overload, 877 serum in hypernatremia, 875 in hyponatremia, 871, 874 reference values for, 1734t urine in acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis, 902t, 903, 905 in glomerulonephritis, 908 in SIADH, 874 Sodium bicarbonate. See Bicarbonate Sodium channel blocking drugs, for arrhythmias, 377, 378t Sodium deficit, calculation of, 874–875 Sodium-glucose transporter 2 gene, in nondiabetic (renal) glycosuria, 1198
Sodium ipodate. See Ipodate sodium Sodium nitrite, for cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t Sodium nitroprusside. See Nitroprusside Sodium oxybate. See Gammahydroxybutyrate Sodium phosphate, for constipation/ bowel cleansing, 571, 572t Sodium-phosphate cotransporters, in osteomalacia/rickets, 1150 Sodium phosphate enema, 572t Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia, 881t, 914 Sodium-restricted diet, 1268 for chronic kidney disease, 911, 915, 1268 in cirrhosis, 687, 688, 1268 for heart failure, 406, 1268 in cardiomyopathy, 412 for hypertension, 436, 441t, 1268 for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 pregnancy and, 785 for urinary stones, 947, 948 Sodium salicylate, in pain management, 78t Sodium stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis, 1488–1489 Sodium sulfacetamide. See Sulfacetamide Sodium thiosulfate, for cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t SOFA score in liver failure, 673 in pancreatitis, 712 Soft diet, 1268 Soft tissue infections, 1421t anaerobic, 1456, 1456f mycobacterial, 1458 staphylococcal, 1421t, 1425–1426, 1425f Soft tissue sarcoma, 1612t Solar lentigines (liver spots), 101, 155, 156 Soles of feet tinea of, 111f, 112–113 vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx), 121–122 tinea differentiated from, 113 Solifenacin, for urinary incontinence, 68 Solitary pulmonary nodule, 290–291 metastatic disease and, 1601 Solitary/simple renal cysts, 934, 934t Solitary seizures, 974 Solitary thyroid nodule, 1123 toxic (thyroid adenoma), 1111, 1116 in MEN, 1188t Soluble liver antigen antibodies, in autoimmune hepatitis, 679 Soluble transferrin receptor, 493, 1735t Solvents bladder cancer caused by exposure to, 1638 toxicity/abuse of, 1086, 1583, 1587– 1588 Soma. See Carisoprodol Soman (GD) poisoning, 1587 Somatization disorder (Briquet syndrome/hysteria), 1045– 1046 Somatoform disorders, 1045–1047 Somatoform pain disorder, 1046
index Somatostatin/somatostatin analogs. See also Octreotide D cells secreting, 1171 for esophageal varices, 602 reference values for, 1734t tumors secreting, 1172, 1189 diabetes and, 1196 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for ACTH-secreting tumor identification, 1159 in carcinoids, 1621 in islet cell tumors, 1172 for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma identification, 1169 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620 Somatostatinomas, 1172, 1189 Somatuline. See Lanreotide Somnambulism (sleepwalking), 1041, 1077, 1078 Somnolence, excessive, 1077 restless legs syndrome causing, 1004 in sleep apnea, 319, 1077 Somogyi effect, 1219, 1219t Sonata. See Zaleplon SONIC staging system, in hepatic encephalopathy, 690 Sonography. See Ultrasonography Sonohysterography, saline infusion, 748t in abnormal postmenopausal bleeding, 749 in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747, 748 Sorafenib, 1655t for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 for thyroid carcinoma, 1130 Sorbitol, 1205 for constipation, 571, 572t diarrhea caused by, 578, 579f Sore throat. See Pharyngitis Sorivudine, for herpes zoster, 1359 Sotalol, 377, 379t for atrial fibrillation, 378t, 387 toxicity of, 377, 379t, 387 for ventricular tachycardia, 391 South African tick fever, 1409t South American blastomycosis, 1539 Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), 136 Sparganosis, 1516–1517 Spasmodic torticollis, 1003 Spasticity, 1012–1013 motor neuron lesions and, 977, 1012, 1019, 1020 spinal trauma causing, 1018 in tetanus, 1429, 1430 Specimen collection, tubes for, 1736t SPECT. See Single photon emission computed tomography Spectazole. See Econazole Spectrin, in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 Speech/language, in schizophrenia/ psychotic disorders, 1054 Speech discrimination in hearing loss, 199, 212 presbyacusis and, 206 testing, 199 vestibular schwannoma affecting, 212 Speech therapy, for stroke patient, 983 SPEP. See Serum protein electrophoresis
Sperm, deficiencies of, infertility and, 768, 954f, 955 Sperm analysis, in infertility workup, 768, 954, 954f, 955 Spermatogenesis hormone therapy for improvement of, 1097 in hypogonadism, 1173 Spermicides in contraceptive products, 775 HIV infection/AIDS and, 775 Sphenoid sinusitis, 215 Spherocytes in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 Spherocytosis, hereditary, 500–501 Sphincter of Oddi dilation, for choledocholithiasis/ cholangitis, 707 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction pancreatitis and, 706, 711, 713 in postcholecystectomy syndrome, 706 Sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707, 708 during pregnancy, 807 in pancreatitis, 714 for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, 706 Sphincters. See specific type Sphingolipid, accumulation of in Gaucher disease, 1668 Spider angiomas, in cirrhosis, 686 Spider bites, 149, 1590 Spinal cord cavitation of (syringomyelia), 1018– 1019 compression of spinal trauma causing, 1018 tumors causing, 993, 1644–1645 dural arteriovenous fistulae of, 989 epidural/subdural hemorrhage and, 989 infarction of, 988–989 lesions/tumors of, 993 back pain caused by, 819, 993, 1644, 1683, 1684 cord compression by, 993, 1644– 1645 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328 sensory disturbances and, 976 syringomyelia and, 1019 subacute combined degeneration of, 1013 transection of, 1018 traumatic injury of, 1018 near drowning and, 1556 shock and, 485–486 syringomyelia and, 1019 vascular diseases of, 988–989 vasculitis of (primary angiitis of central nervous system), 854 Spinal cord stimulation, for angina, 358 Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, 989 Spinal manipulation for back pain, 818, 1684 for neck pain, 1687 Spinal motion, testing, 820 Spinal muscular atrophy juvenile, 1020 progressive, 1019, 1020
CMDT 2013
1917
Spinal poliomyelitis, 1372 Spinal (neurogenic) shock, 485–486, 486 Spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 Spinal surgery for back pain, 821, 1684 for neck pain, 1029, 1687 for spinal stenosis, 822, 1685 for traumatic injury, 1018 for tumors/cord compression, 993, 1645 Spinal tumors. See Spinal cord, lesions/ tumors of Spine. See also Spinal cord bamboo, 855 disorders of, 1683–1687, 1684t, 1687t anogenital pruritus and, 146 back pain and, 818–821, 820t, 821t, 1683–1685, 1684t. See also Back pain fractures, 1018. See also Vertebral compression/fracture infection. See Vertebral osteomyelitis lumbar disk herniation, 820, 820t, 1685–1686 neck pain and, 818, 1029, 1030– 1031f, 1686–1687, 1687t. See also Neck pain stenosis, 822, 1685 tuberculosis (Pott disease), 863–864 tumors. See Spinal cord, lesions/ tumors of SPINK1 gene, in chronic pancreatitis, 715 Spinocerebellar degeneration, in vitamin E deficiency, 1012 Spiral (helical) CT. See Computed tomography; Helical (spiral) CT Spiramycin, for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, 1502 Spirillum minus, 1476 Spiritual challenges, for terminally ill/ dying patient, 92, 92t Spirochetal infections, 1300t, 1464–1483. See also specific type anaerobic, periodontal infection caused by, 1454 meningitis caused by, 1286t myocarditis in, 409t non-sexually transmitted, 1474–1475 syphilis, 1464–1474, 1465t Spirometra tapeworms, 1516–1517 Spirometry. See also Pulmonary function tests in asthma, 246 in COPD, 260–261 in cough evaluation, 22 in dyspnea evaluation, 25 incentive, prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 in lung cancer, 1598–1599 Spironolactone for adrenal hyperplasia/Conn syndrome, 1166 for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for heart failure, 401, 402 infarct-related, 371 for hirsutism/virilization, 1163 for hypertension, 445t, 449–453, 458t with hydrochlorothiazide, 445t lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t Spirulina, toxicity of, 1578t
1918
CMDT 2013
Spleen in hereditary spherocytosis, 501 platelet sequestration in, 539t, 547, 547t in polycythemia, 512 in sickle cell disease, 504 Splenda. See Sucralose Splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 babesiosis and, 1499, 1500 for Felty syndrome, 510 for Gaucher disease, 1668 for hereditary spherocytosis, 501 for immune thrombocytopenia, 541, 541f, 542 immunization recommendations in, 1309t for neutropenia, 510 for noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 for platelet sequestration/ thrombocytopenia, 547 for primary myelofibrosis, 515 Splenic rupture, in infectious mononucleosis, 1362 Splenic vein thrombosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension caused by, 699, 700 Splenomegaly, 547t in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 516 in cirrhosis, 686 in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in hairy cell leukemia, 523 in mononucleosis, 1361, 1362 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 699 platelet sequestration and, 539t, 547, 547t in polycythemia, 512 in primary myelofibrosis, 514 thrombocytopenia and, 547, 547t in visceral leishmaniasis, 1487 Splinter hemorrhages, in endocarditis, 1435, 1436f Spondylitic heart disease, 855 Spondylitis in alkaptonuria, 1665 ankylosing. See Ankylosing spondylitis in inflammatory bowel disease, 855, 858 psoriatic, 856 Spondyloarthropathies, seronegative, 854–858. See also specific type back pain in, 820 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 Spondylolisthesis, back pain in, 820 Spondylosis, cervical, 818, 1029 Spongiform encephalopathies, 1381–1382 Spongiosis, in prion diseases, 1381 Spontaneous abortion, 788–789 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 789, 799, 836 with IUD in place, 774 in Q fever, 1416 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 589–590, 689 in cirrhosis, 589, 689
index Spontaneous fractures. See Pathologic fractures Spontaneous pneumothorax, 316–317. See also Pneumothorax Spoon nails, 157 Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1381, 1382 Sporadic thyroiditis, painless, 1120, 1121 Sporanox. See Itraconazole Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis), 1539 Sports medicine, 1673–1705. See also Musculoskeletal disorders; Orthopedics ACL injury, 1693–1698 ankle injuries/sprains, 1703–1705, 1703t, 1704t collateral ligament injury, 1695–1696t, 1698–1699 dislocated shoulder, 1679–1680t, 1681–1682 general approach to musculoskeletal injuries and, 1673–1674 hip fractures, 1689–1690, 1690t lateral and medial epicondylosis, 1687–1688 meniscus injuries, 1696–1697t, 1700 patellofemoral pain, 1692, 1697t, 1700–1701 PCL injury, 1696t, 1699–1700 rotator cuff tears and, 1675–1681, 1677–1678t Spotted fever group rickettsia 364D, 1414 Spotted fever rickettsiosis, 1414 Spotted fevers, 1409t, 1412–1414, 1412f Spousal abuse (domestic violence), 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 Sprains, ankle, 1703–1705, 1703t, 1704t eversion (high), 1704–1705, 1704t inversion, 1703–1704, 1703t, 1704t Sprue, celiac. See Celiac disease Sprycel. See Dasatinib Spurling test, 1686, 1687t Sputum/sputum examination in asthma, 248 blood found on (hemoptysis), 26–27 in bronchiectasis, 266 in COPD, 260, 260t, 261 in cough, 22 in cystic fibrosis, 267, 268 in lung cancer, 1597 in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 288 in paragonimiasis, 1513 in pneumonia anaerobic/lung abscess, 278 in community-acquired disease, 270, 271, 272t in immunocompromised host, 279 nosocomial, 276–277 pneumococcal, 271, 1423 Pneumocystis, 279, 1325, 1534 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 291 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in tuberculosis, 280, 281, 286 Sputum eosinophilia, in asthma, 248 Sputum induction in pneumonia, 272 in immunocompromised host, 279 in tuberculosis, 280
Squamous cell carcinoma of anus, 1629–1630 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1629 of bladder, 1638 cervical, 756 of ear canal, 201 of esophagus, 1613 intraepidermal (Bowen disease), 117 of larynx, 236–237 laryngeal leukoplakia and, 236 of lung, 1595 nasopharyngeal, 223, 1363 inverted/schneiderian papillomas and, 222 oral, 224, 224–225, 225f of skin, 143, 143f actinic keratoses and, 117, 143 of vulva, 760 Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), 754t, 755 “Square root” sign, 422 Squaric acid dibutylester, for wart removal, 141 Squatting, heart murmurs affected by, 337t Squint, in sixth nerve paralysis, 190 Squirrels, flying, in epidemic louse-born typhus, 1408 SRP antibody, in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, 841 SRS. See Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy SRY gene, in testicular dysgenesis, 1175 SS-A/Ro antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 SS-B/La antibody, 833t in lupus/SLE, 114, 833t in Sjögren syndrome, 833t, 843 SSc. See Scleroderma SSI. See Surgical site infection SSNRIs. See Serotonin-selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SSPE. See Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis SSRIs. See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors SST (serum separator tubes), gold top, 1736t ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. See Myocardial infarction; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction St. Louis encephalitis, 1378–1380 ST segment changes. See also Electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes, 360, 361. See also Acute coronary syndromes; Myocardial infarction in angina, 352, 353 Prinzmetal (variant), 360 antipsychotic drugs causing, 1059 in hypertension, 440 in myocardial infarction, 366. See also Myocardial infarction reperfusion assessment and, 370 in pericarditis, 420 in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, 413
index ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 360, 364t, 365–376, 367t, 369t. See also Myocardial infarction Staggers, 1557 Stalevo. See Entacapone, with levodopa and carbidopa Standard days method of contraception, 775–776 Standing, heart murmurs affected by, 337t Stanford V regimen, for Hodgkin lymphoma, 527 Stannosis, 309t Stapedectomy, 205 Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections), 1299t abscesses, 1421t, 1425, 1425f arthritis, 858, 859, 1302t atopic dermatitis and, 103, 104 aureus, 1425–1428 abscesses, 1421t, 1425, 1425f arthritis, 858, 859, 1302t bacteremia, 1427 breast abscess/mastitis, 721, 797, 798 cellulitis, 136–138, 1303t, 1421t community-associated methicillinresistant (CA-MRSA), 5 cellulitis, 137 impetigo/ecthyma, 123 pneumonia, 273, 273t diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t endocarditis, 1302t, 1435, 1437, 1438–1439 furunculosis/carbuncles and, 151, 1303t, 1421t, 1425, 1425f impetigo, 123 mastitis, 721, 797, 798 methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 5, 1299t arthritis, 858, 859 cellulitis, 137 community-acquired pneumonia, 273, 273t endocarditis and, 1439 furunculosis, 151 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 impetigo, 123 in mastitis, 798 skin/soft tissue infections, 1425, 1425f, 1426 surgical site infection, 56 nasal vestibulitis, 217 osteomyelitis, 862, 1302t, 1426 of skin and soft tissues, 1421t, 1425–1426, 1425f in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 toxic shock syndrome, 1427, 1427f carrier state and, 1425 impetigo and, 123 nasal vestibulitis and, 217 surgical site infection associated with, 55–56, 1284 cellulitis, 136–138, 1303t, 1421t coagulase-negative, 1427–1428 endocarditis, 1428, 1435, 1439 cohnii, 1428
drug resistance and, 1425. See also Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections), aureus, methicillin-resistant epidermidis, 1428 folliculitis and, 129, 130, 1331, 1425 furunculosis/carbuncles and, 151, 1303t, 1421t, 1425, 1425f haemolyticus, 1428 hominis, 1428 impetigo, 123 keratitis, 172 methicillin-resistant (MRSA). See Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections), aureus, methicillin-resistant non-penicillinase-producing, 1299t osteomyelitis, 862, 1302t, 1426 penicillinase-producing, 1299t saccharolyticus, 1428 saprophyticus, 1428 warnerii, 1428 STARI (Southern tick-associated rash illness), 136 Starlix. See Nateglinide Starvation (protein–energy malnutrition), 1257–1258 Stasis dermatitis, 34, 478. See also Venous insufficiency/stasis leg ulcers and, 153 Statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), 1253–1254, 1255t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t for Hashimoto thyroiditis, 1122 hepatotoxicity and, 683 for lipid modification/cardiovascular/ heart disease prevention, 8–10, 1246–1247, 1248, 1253–1254, 1255t. See also Lipid-lowering therapy acute coronary syndromes and, 364 heart failure and, 405 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1344 hypertension and, 443–444 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 in older patients, 1251–1252 perioperative, 47–48 rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis caused by, 842, 844, 1254 Statoconia, detached, vertigo associated with, 211 Status epilepticus, 970, 970t, 974, 975 alcohol withdrawal and, 974 in antidepressant overdose, 1591 drug noncompliance and, 974 nonconvulsive, 975 in theophylline overdose, 1591 tonic-clonic, 970, 974 Statutory rape, 777 Stauffer syndrome, 1641 Stavudine (d4T), 1341t, 1343, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART neuropathy caused by, 1328, 1343 resistance to, 1349 STDs. See Sexually transmitted diseases Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic (NASH), 684, 685 Steatorrhea, 621t. See also Malabsorption
CMDT 2013
1919
in hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis, 949 in pancreatitis, 716 Steatosis, hepatic. See Fatty liver STEC. See Shiga-toxin producing E coli Stein-Leventhal syndrome. See Polycystic ovary syndrome Stelara. See Ustekinumab Stelazine. See Trifluoperazine Stellwag sign, 1112 Stem cell disorders aplastic anemia, 508–509, 508t leukemias/myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511–524, 511t paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 501–502 Stem cell transplantation, 532–534. See also Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation STEMI. See also Myocardial infarction Steno-2 study, 1203–1204 Stensen duct calculus formation in, 232 in mumps, 1370 Stent thrombosis, 363 Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”). See also Endovascular surgery/ prostheses for abdominal aortic aneurysm, 473 for angina, 357–358 aortic valve replacement and, 343–344 for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 465 for biliary stricture, 708–709 carotid, 470 for cholangiocarcinoma, 1607 for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis, 707 for coarctation of aorta, 327 for esophageal cancer, 1614 for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 intracoronary, 357–358, 367–368. See also Percutaneous coronary intervention subsequent perioperative risks/ management and, 48–49 for myocardial infarction, 367–368 antithrombotic therapy and, 363, 371 for pancreatic duct disease, 717 for pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1609 for primary sclerosing cholangitis, 710 for renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917–918 for superior vena caval obstruction, 482 ureteral, after shock wave lithotripsy, 950 for visceral artery insufficiency/ intestinal angina, 471 Stereotactic guided core needle biopsies, in breast cancer, 729 Stereotactic radiosurgery. See also Cyberknife radiosurgery; Gamma knife radiation/ gamma radiosurgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations, 988 for lung cancer, 1599 for pituitary adenoma, 1102, 1104, 1160
1920
CMDT 2013
Stereotypy, stimulant abuse and, 1055 Sterile pyuria, in tuberculosis, 936 Sterility. See Infertility Sterilization, for birth control, 777 Steroid acne/folliculitis, 126, 129 Steroid rosacea, 100, 128 Steroidogenic enzyme defects amenorrhea and, 1179 hirsutism/virilization and, 1156, 1162 Steroids. See Anabolic steroids; Corticosteroids Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 134, 135 drugs causing, 134, 135, 159t, 161 herpes simplex infection causing, 1351, 1355 Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap, 134, 135, 159t drugs causing, 134, 135, 159t, 161 sTfR. See Transferrin receptor, soluble STI571. See Imatinib Stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis, 1488–1489 Stiff knee gait, in ACL injury, 1693 Stiff man syndrome, 1596t Stiffness in ankylosing spondylitis, 855 in fibromyalgia, 823 in myotonic dystrophy/myotonia congenita, 1034, 1036 in osteoarthritis, 810 in parkinsonism, 998 in polymyalgia rheumatica, 845 in rheumatoid arthritis, 826 Still disease, 831 Stimson procedure, for dislocated shoulder, 1681–1682 Stimulant laxatives, 571, 572t Stimulants abuse of, 1085–1086 aggressive/violent/psychotic behavior and, 1078 kindling and, 1079, 1085 OTC medications and, 1086 for depression, 1066–1067 for narcolepsy, 1077 Stings. See Insect bites/stings Stippling (nail), 157 in psoriasis, 106, 106f, 856 in reactive arthritis, 857 STK11/LKB1 mutation, pancreatic/ periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Stomach disorders, 607–621. See also under Gastric and Gastrointestinal and Gastritis in syphilis, 1471 tumors benign, 620–621 GI bleeding and, 581 malignant, 1612t. See also Gastric cancer gastric adenocarcinoma, 1615–1618 gastric carcinoids, 1619, 1621 gastric lymphoma, 1618–1619 mesenchymal, 1619–1620 Stomatitis herpetic, 227 ulcerative (aphthous ulcers), 227, 227f
index in Behçet syndrome, 853 in Crohn disease, 641 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 Stool. See also Stool analysis blood in. See Diarrhea, bloody; Dysentery; Fecal occult blood testing fat in. See Fecal fat impacted. See Fecal impaction incontinence of, 659–660. See also Fecal incontinence leukocytes in. See Fecal leukocytes rice water, in cholera, 1448 Stool analysis in amebiasis, 576, 1503–1504 in antibiotic-associated colitis, 637 in ascariasis, 1517 in bacterial overgrowth, 625 in clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, 1513 in colorectal cancer screening/polyp detection, 15t, 16, 1627 in Crohn disease, 642 in cryptosporidiosis, 576, 579, 1330, 1507–1508 in cyclosporiasis, 576, 579, 1508 in diarrhea, 575, 576, 576f, 578, 579f, 1293, 1296 in fascioliasis, 1512 in giardiasis, 576, 579, 1509 in hookworm disease, 1518 in intestinal flagellate infection, 1510 in intestinal fluke infection, 1514 in irritable bowel syndrome, 634 in isosporiasis, 1508 in microsporidiosis, 1508 for ova and parasites, 576, 576f, 579. See also specific disorder in paragonimiasis, 1513 in protein-losing enteropathy, 632 in sarcocystosis, 1508 in schistosomiasis, 1511–1512 in strongyloidiasis, 1519 in tapeworm infections, 1514 in trichuriasis/whipworm, 1518 Stool antigen assay for E histolytica, 576, 579, 1504 for Giardia, 576, 579, 1509 Stool impaction. See Fecal impaction Stool softeners/surfactants, 86, 572t Stool weight, in diarrhea evaluation, 579–580, 579f STOP questionnaire, 50 Storage pool disease, 548 albinism-associated, 548 Straight leg raising test, 820, 1683, 1684t “Strain” pattern, in hypertension, 440 Strains (musculotendinous), cervical, acute, 817–818 Strawberry gallbladder, 705 Strawberry tongue in Kawasaki disease, 1417 in scarlet fever, 1419 Strep throat. See Pharyngitis, streptococcal Streptobacillary fever, rat-bite fever differentiated from, 1476 Streptobacillus moniliformis, 1476 Streptococcus (streptococcal infections), 1299t, 1419–1425
bovis, endocarditis caused by, 1422, 1438 cellulitis, 136–138, 1303t, 1421t endocarditis, 1302t, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1435, 1437–1438, 1438 eruptive (guttate) psoriasis after, 106 erysipelas, 136, 137f, 1303t, 1420–1421, 1421t glomerulonephritis after, 919t, 922, 1419 group A. See Group A b-hemolytic streptococcal infection group B. See Group B streptococcal infection impetigo, 123, 1303t, 1420 non-group A, 1422 pharyngitis. See Pharyngitis, streptococcal pneumonia, 271, 272–273, 274, 276, 1302t, 1303t, 1421, 1422–1424 pneumoniae (pneumococcal infections), 1299t, 1302t, 1422–1425. See also Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) infections drug resistance and, 228, 273, 273–274, 1423, 1424 in pregnancy, 784–785, 804 pyogenes. See Group A b-hemolytic streptococcal infection rheumatic fever and, 229, 417, 418 of skin, 1420–1422, 1421t toxic shock syndrome caused by, 1421–1422 viridans, 1299t, 1422 endocarditis caused by, 1302t, 1422, 1435, 1437–1438 Streptococcus thermophilus probiotic, for antibiotic-associated colitis, 636 Streptokinase, 369t. See also Thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction, 369, 369t for pulmonary embolism, 303 Streptomycin, 284t, 289t. See also Aminoglycosides for actinomycetoma, 1540 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for endocarditis, 1438 for tuberculosis, 284t, 285, 289t contraindications to in pregnancy, 285, 805 Streptozocin, for insulinoma, 1241 Stress cardiomyopathy. See Tako-Tsubo (stress/catecholamineinduced) cardiomyopathy Stress disorders (psychiatric/psychologic), 1038–1039 depression and, 1063 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633 posttraumatic, 1039–1040 abuse victims and, 1039 rape and, 778 suicide and, 1064 Stress fractures. See Pathologic fractures Stress gastritis/ulcers, 321, 607, 608 Stress incontinence, 68, 69 Stress reduction techniques, 1038 for chronic pain, 1048
index Stress testing. See also Exercise testing in angina/chest pain evaluation, 29, 352–353 echocardiography, 46, 353, 400 electrocardiography, 12, 352–353 before exercise program initiation, 12 in heart failure, 400 in musculoskeletal evaluation, 1673 ankle sprains and, 1703, 1703t perfusion scintigraphy, 353 postinfarction, 375 preoperative, 46–47, 48f radionuclide angiography, 353 in syncope evaluation, 397 Striae distensae, 1160 Striant, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Stridor, 233 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis causing, 234 vocal fold paralysis causing, 238 Stroke, 979–989, 980t arteriovenous malformations causing, 980t, 987–988 atrial fibrillation and, 385, 385t, 469 anticoagulation in management/ prevention of, 385t, 386–387, 388 atrial flutter and, 389 carotid intervention causing, 469–470 carotid occlusion causing, 469–470, 980t cerebral infarct causing, 980t, 981–983 cerebrovascular occlusive disease causing, 469–470, 981–983 coma caused by, 981, 982, 1014 in diabetic patient, 1232t coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors) associated with, 612 in endocarditis, 1435 estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1182, 1183 hemorrhagic, 979, 980t, 983–988 hypertension/hypertension management and, 10–11, 433, 439, 440, 442t, 457 in emergencies/urgencies, 460–461, 461t in women, 1706 hypopituitarism associated with, 1093 intracerebral hemorrhage causing, 980t, 983–984 intracranial aneurysm causing, 980t, 986 intracranial venous thrombosis causing, 988 ischemic (infarcts), 979, 979–983, 980t lacunar infarct causing, 979–981, 980t olanzapine use and, 1057 oral contraceptive use and, 770 patent foramen ovale and, 329 postoperative, 53–54 prevention of, 5–11, 7t carotid intervention in, 469 chemoprevention/aspirin use and, 7t, 11 cholesterol screening and, 7t, 8–10 exercise/activity in, 7t, 12–13 hypertension prevention/ management and, 7t, 10–11, 442t, 457
in women, 1706 lipid disorder prevention/ management and, 7t, 8–10. See also Lipid-lowering therapy smoking/smoking cessation and, 6–8, 7t, 9–10t, 10t risk factors for, 5–6, 979 spinal cord vascular disease causing, 988–989 subarachnoid hemorrhage causing, 980t, 984–986 transient ischemic attacks and, 469, 470, 977, 977–978 varicella zoster virus infection and, 1359 vertebrobasilar occlusion causing, 980t, 981 Stroke (heat), 1548–1549 Stroke volume, in aortic regurgitation, 344–345 Stroke work index, in myocardial infarction, 367t Stromal tumors (gastrointestinal stromal tumor/GIST), 1619–1620, 1622 Strongyloides fulleborni/stercoralis (strongyloidiasis), 578, 1518–1519 eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and, 296 Strontium, for metastatic bone pain, 1658t Struma ovarii, 1111, 1114 Struvite urinary stones, 946, 947, 949 Strychnine poisoning, seizures caused by, 1565t Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment (SUPPORT), prognosis at end of life and, 87 Stunning, myocardial, 351 Stupor, 1013–1016. See also Coma Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 Sty (external hordeolum), 163, 163f Subacromial impingement syndrome, 1674–1675, 1678–1679t Subacute cerebellar degeneration/ syndrome. See Cerebellar degeneration Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, 1013 Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), 114–115 Subacute mountain sickness, 1559 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 1368 myoclonus in, 1004 Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis, 1111, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1120, 1121, 1122 hypothyroid phase in, 1106, 1111, 1121 Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 980t, 984– 986. See also Stroke arteriovenous malformations/fistulae causing intracranial, 984, 985, 987 spinal, 989 head injury and, 984, 1014 headache in, 41, 42, 962, 966, 984
CMDT 2013
1921
hypopituitarism associated with, 1093 intracranial aneurysms causing, 984, 985, 986 oral contraceptive use and, 770 Subareolar abscess, 721, 721f Subclavian steal syndrome, 977 Subclavian vessels, compression of in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes, 818, 1031 Subclinical hyperthyroidism, 1113, 1119 Subclinical hypothyroidism, 800, 1107 Subclinical thyroiditis, 1120 Subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous, 1217, 1219. See also Insulin infusion pumps Subcutaneous nodules in cysticercosis, 1515 in erythema nodosum, 150 in gnathostomiasis, 1523 in loiasis, 1527 in nocardiosis, 1457 in onchocerciasis, 1526 in polyarteritis nodosa, 150, 847 in rheumatic fever, 418 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827, 827f gouty tophi differentiated from, 814, 828 in sporotrichosis, 1539 Subcutaneous sensor, for glucose monitoring system, 1200 Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma cerebral acute, 1017t chronic, 1017 falls in elderly and, 66 spinal, 989 Suberosis, 309t Subglottic stenosis, 242 Sublingual glands. See Salivary glands Submandibular glands. See also Salivary glands sialadenitis affecting, 232 tumors of, 233 Submersion injury (near drowning), 1555–1557 Subscapularis tendon management of injuries of, 1680 testing strength of, 1678t, 1680 Substance use disorders, 18–20, 1079– 1086. See also specific substance used and Injection drug use aggressive/violent behavior and, 1078 atypical psychoses and, 1054, 1055 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by withdrawal and, 1087t concerns about, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and, 76 febrile patient and, 1292–1293 hallucinations/hallucinosis caused by, 1088 HIV infection/AIDS and, 1292, 1321 prevention/postexposure prophylaxis and, 1333, 1335 infections and, 1292–1293. See also Injection drug use, infections and overdoses. See Poisoning/drug overdose pregnancy and, 783
1922
CMDT 2013
Substance use disorders (Cont.): preventable disease/deaths and, 3t prevention of injury related to, 17 prevention of/screening tests for, 18–20, 19t, 20t PTSD and, 1039, 1040, 1079 schizophrenic/psychotic disorder selftreatment and, 1054–1055 seizures and, 969 toxicology screen in, 1569–1570, 1569f Subtalar tilt test, 1703, 1704t Subtentorial lesions. See also Brainstem coma or stupor caused by, 1014, 1015 Subungual capillary pulsations (Quincke pulses), 344 Succimer (DMSA) for arsenic poisoning, 1575 for lead poisoning, 1582 for mercury poisoning, 1583 Succinylcholine lithium interactions and, 1074t MAOI interactions and, 1071t Succussion splash, in gastric outlet obstruction, 619 Sucralfate reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia and, 276 for stress gastritis, 321, 608 Sucralose, for diabetics, 1205 Sudden death, 365, 392–393 aborted, driving recommendations and, 397–398 of athlete, 431–432 cardiomyopathy causing, 414, 431, 432 cardiomyopathy and, 414, 415, 431, 432 myocardial infarction and, 365, 392 ventricular fibrillation causing, 392– 393 ventricular premature beats and, 390 ventricular tachycardia and, 391, 392 Sudeck atrophy, 825 Sugar alcohols, for diabetics, 1205 Suicide, 1064–1065 acetaminophen overdose/liver failure and, 672 alcohol use/abuse and, 1064, 1080 antidepressant overdose in, 1065, 1067, 1591 carbon monoxide poisoning and, 1576 caustic esophageal injury and, 599 depression associated with hospitalization/illness and, 1064, 1091 dispensing medications and, 1065, 1067 in elderly, 63 hospitalization for patient threatening, 1064–1065 panic disorder and, 1064 personality disorders and, 1052 poisoning/overdose and, 1562 schizophrenia/psychotic disorders and, 1054, 1056, 1060, 1064 Sular. See Nisoldipine Sulconazole, 97t Sulfacetamide, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Sulfadiazine, for toxoplasmosis, 1338t, 1502
index Sulfadoxine, with pyrimethamine (Fansidar), 1492t, 1493, 1496 with amodiaquine, 1496 with artesunate, 1493t, 1496 for isosporiasis, 1508 for prophylaxis in pregnancy/infants, 1498 resistance to, 1493, 1496 Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. See Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis, 855 for inflammatory bowel disease, 638, 639 ulcerative colitis, 647–648, 649 for rheumatoid arthritis, 829–830 Sulfinpyrazone, for gout, 815 Sulfonamides, adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t Sulfonylureas, 1205–1208, 1206t, 1220. See also specific agent factitious hypoglycemia and, 1239, 1243 hypoglycemia caused by, 1207, 1221– 1222, 1580 intensive therapy with, 1202, 1203 MAOI interactions and, 1071t overdose/toxicity of, 1207, 1566t, 1580 Sulfur-sodium sulfacetamide, for rosacea, 129 Sulindac, 78t for familial adenomatous polyposis, 655 in pain management, 78t Sumatriptan for cluster headache, 965 for migraine headache, 42, 963 Sumatriptan-naproxen, for migraine headache, 42 Summer grippe, 1406 Sun exposure. See Ultraviolet light/ sunlight, exposure to Sunday neuroses, 1040 “Sundowning,” 1088 Sunitinib, 1655t for gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1620 for thyroid carcinoma, 1130 thyroid dysfunction caused by, 1106, 1111 Sunscreens, 99. See also Ultraviolet light/ sunlight in herpes simplex prophylaxis, 118, 1352 for hyperpigmentation disorders, 156 for lupus/SLE, 114, 834 for photodermatitis/photosensitivity, 153 for rosacea, 128 Superficial femoral artery (SFA), atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 465–466 Superficial reflux in chronic venous insufficiency, 480, 481 in varicose veins, 478, 479 Superficial spreading melanoma, 102 Superficial venous thrombophlebitis, 479–480
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence, vertigo and, 212 Superior vena caval obstruction/ syndrome, 482–483 in lung cancer, 482, 1597 Superwarfarins, poisoning caused by, 1573 Supplements, dietary. See Dietary supplements SUPPORT, prognosis at end of life and, 87 Support groups. See also Group therapy for alcohol use/abuse, 1082 for Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, 61 for anxiety disorders, 1044 for chronic pain, 1049 for depression, 1072 grief, 93 for inflammatory bowel disease, 641 in obesity management, 14, 1260 for paraphilias and gender identity disorders, 1051 for personality disorders, 1052 for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1061 for smoking cessation, 8 for somatoform disorders, 1047 for victim of violence, 1079 Suppurative sialadenitis, 232 Suppurative thyroiditis, 1120, 1121, 1122 Supraclavicular lymph nodes, in breast cancer, 726, 727 palpation for evaluation of, 726 Supraglottic carcinoma, 236, 237 Supraglottitis (epiglottitis), 235, 1420 Haemophilus causing, 235, 1442 Supranuclear palsy, progressive, parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Supraspinatus tendon testing strength of, 1675–1680, 1677t torn, 1675 Supratentorial arteriovenous malformations, 987 Supratentorial mass lesion, coma or stupor caused by, 1014–1015 Supraventricular beats aberrantly conducted, differentiation of from ventricular beats, 381, 391 premature. See Atrial (supraventricular) premature beats Supraventricular tachycardia accessory atrioventricular pathways causing, 381, 383–384 bradyarrhythmias and, 394 in myocardial infarction, 372, 376 palpitations in, 31 paroxysmal, 381–383 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 49 treatment/prevention of, 378–379t, 382–383, 383–384 Suramin, for African trypanosomiasis, 1485, 1485t Surfer’s ear, 201 Surgery. See also specific disorder or procedure antibiotic prophylaxis and, 55–56
index anxiety before/after, 1090 cardiac complications of preoperative risk assessment/ reduction and, 46–50, 47t, 48f, 48t, 429, 430f prosthetic heart valve patients and, 349 in cardiac patient, 429, 430f corticosteroid replacement requirement and, 54 in diabetic patient, 54, 54t, 1229, 1229t evaluation of patient before, 46–56. See also Preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management fever after, 1283 hyponatremia after, 872 ileus after, 627 insulin needs and, 54, 1215, 1229, 1229t liver function and, 51 patient management and, 46–56. See also Preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management during pregnancy, 807–808 for refractive error correction, 162–163 thyroid function tests affected by, 1107 for wart removal, 140 Surgery proneness (polysurgery), 1090 somatization disorder and, 1045 Surgical menopause. See Menopause/ menopausal syndrome, surgical Surgical site infection, 55, 1283, 1284 antibiotic prophylaxis of, 55–56 in diabetic patients, 54 Surmontil. See Trimipramine Surrogate, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, 89 Surveillance. See Watchful waiting/ surveillance Survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, in spinal muscular atrophies, 1020 Susceptibility testing. See Drug resistance; Drug susceptibility testing Suscinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1167, 1168, 1171 Sushi. See Fish Sustained ventricular tachycardia, 391 Sustiva. See Efavirenz Sutent. See Sunitinib Swallowing disorders. See Dysarthria; Dysphagia; Odynophagia Swan-neck deformity, 831, 833 Sweat chloride test, in cystic fibrosis, 267–268 Sweating fluid loss in, replacement guidelines for, 897t in myocardial infarction, 365 in pheochromocytoma, 1167 Sweet ‘N Low. See Saccharin Sweet One. See Acesulfame potassium Sweeteners, artificial, for diabetics, 1205 SWI. See Stroke work index Swimmer’s ear, 200 Swimmer’s itch, 1511
Swimming pool granuloma, 1458 Swimming pool safety, 1556 Swine/swine-origin (H1N1) influenza, 23, 214, 1395, 1396, 1399– 1400. See also Influenza drug resistance and, 1396, 1399 prevention of, 1400. See also H1N1 influenza vaccine SWL. See Shock wave lithotripsy Sycosis, 129–130 Sydenham chorea, 418, 1002 Symblepharon, 194 Symlin. See Pramlintide Sympathectomy, for Raynaud phenomenon, 838 Sympathetic nervous system, in hypertension, 435 peripheral inhibitors in management of, 453–457, 456t Sympatho-adrenal response, impaired, hypoglycemia and, 1222 Sympatholytic agents, 456t for alcohol detoxification/withdrawal, 18 for hypertension, 453, 456t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t overdose/toxicity of, 456t, 1577 Sympatholytic syndrome, 1568 Sympathomimetic agents adverse ophthalmic effects of, 195t antidepressant drug interactions and, 1071t for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 170–171t MAOI interactions and, 1071t, 1585 Sympathomimetic effects/syndrome, 1568 MAOIs causing, 1069 Symptom evaluation/management, 21–45. See also specific symptom Symptothermal natural family planning, 775 Synaptobrevin, in tetanus, 1429 Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), for respiratory failure, 321 Syncope/near syncope, 396–397 in aortic stenosis, 342, 396 cardiogenic, 396 in cardiomyopathy, 414 driving recommendations and, 397– 398 dysautonomia and, 975, 976 heat, 1547 palpitations and, 31 seizures differentiated from, 971 stress-induced, anomalous coronary artery and, 432 vasodepressor/vasovagal, 396 Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess genetic mutation in, 437, 878t hypertension and, 437 Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), 871f, 873, 873t, 874, 875 antipsychotic drug use and, 1059 cancer-related, 873, 873t, 1596t, 1597
CMDT 2013
1923
Syndrome X. See Metabolic syndrome Synechiae, posterior, in uveitis, 178 Synercid. See Quinupristin/dalfopristin Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis, 1456 Syngeneic stem cell transplant, 533 Synovial fluid examination, 809, 810t, 811t, 1674 in gonococcal arthritis, 860 in gout/pseudogout, 814, 817, 1674 in Lyme arthritis, 1479 in nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis, 859 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 in sarcoid arthritis, 864 in tuberculous arthritis, 864 Synovitis remitting seronegative, with nonpitting edema, 864 in rheumatoid arthritis, 826 in SLE, 833 Synpharyngitic hematuria, 922 Synthroid. See Levothyroxine Syphilis, 1300t, 1304t, 1464–1474, 1465t anorectal involvement and, 658–659, 1465, 1469, 1469f aortic aneurysms and, 474, 1471, 1471f cardiovascular involvement and, 1304t, 1464, 1471, 1471f cerebrospinal fluid examination in, 1469, 1472, 1472–1473, 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335, 1468, 1473 indications for, 1472–1473 treatment failures and, 1468, 1473 congenital, 806, 1464, 1474 penicillin treatment in maternal disease and, 1474 contact treatment and, 1468 course/prognosis of, 1464 drug therapy for, 1304t, 1467–1468, 1468t. See also Syphilis, penicillin for HIV infection/AIDS and, 1335, 1468, 1473, 1473–1474 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction and, 1467 for neurosyphilis, 1304t, 1467, 1468t, 1473 serologic tests in evaluation of, 1466, 1468 early, 1304t, 1464, 1468t endemic, 1475 follow-up care in, 1468 gummatous, 1464, 1471, 1471f HIV infection/AIDS and, 1334–1335, 1465, 1467–1468, 1468, 1473–1474 late (tertiary), 1304t, 1464, 1465t, 1468t, 1470–1472, 1471f latent, 1304t, 1464, 1470 early, 1304t, 1464, 1468t, 1470 late (hidden), 1304t, 1468t, 1470 meningovascular/meningitis, 1286, 1469, 1472. See also Neurosyphilis microscopic examination in, 1465–1466 mucous membrane involvement in, 1467, 1469, 1469f natural history of, 1464, 1465t
1924
CMDT 2013
Syphilis (Cont.): neurologic involvement in, 1304t, 1464, 1472–1473, 1472f. See also Neurosyphilis PCR testing in, 1467 penicillin for, 1304t, 1467, 1468t HIV infection/AIDS and, 1335, 1473 neurosyphilis and, 1304t, 1467, 1468t, 1473 pregnancy and, 1467, 1474 pregnancy and, 784, 806, 1467, 1474 prevention of/screening for. See also Syphilis, serologic tests for in HIV infection/AIDS, 1334–1335, 1473 in pregnancy, 784, 806, 1467, 1474 primary, 1304t, 1464–1468, 1465f, 1465t, 1466t, 1468t public health measures in management of, 1467–1468 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 778, 1291 screening blood for, 536 secondary, 1304t, 1465t, 1468t, 1469–1470, 1469f, 1470f pityriasis rosea differentiated from, 108–109 serologic tests for, 1466–1467, 1466t. See also specific test false-negative, 1466 false-positive, 1466 anticardiolipin/antiphospholipid antibody/lupus anticoagulant causing, 833, 836 in SLE, 833, 834t follow-up, 1468 HIV infection/AIDS and, 1334– 1335, 1468, 1473 in neurosyphilis, 1472–1473, 1473 non-sexually transmitted treponematoses and, 1466 pityriasis rosea differential diagnosis and, 108–109 in pregnant patient, 784, 806, 1467, 1474 in STD patients, 1291 treatment failures and, 1468, 1473 uveitis in, 178, 1469 Syringobulbia, 1019 Syringomyelia, 1018–1019 Syrup of ipecac, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1566 Systemic fibrosing syndrome, Dupuytren contracture and, 824 Systemic fibrosis, nephrogenic, 937 Systemic hypertension. See Hypertension Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) pancreatitis and, 713, 715 shock and, 485 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 831–835, 832t, 833t, 834t arthritis in, 833 rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from, 828 autoantibodies in, 832, 833–834, 833t cardiac/pericardial involvement in, 427, 833, 835 criteria for, 832, 832t cutaneous lesions and, 114–115, 832–833
index DHEA for, 834 drugs associated with, 159t, 312t, 832, 832t lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 833–834, 834t mixed connective tissue disease/overlap syndrome and, 842 renal involvement in, 833, 834, 835, 919t, 921f, 926–927 Systemic sclerosis, 838–840. See also Scleroderma Systolic blood pressure, 434t. See also Blood pressure cardiovascular/heart disease risk and, 10, 433, 1249t in GI bleeding, 581 in hypertension, 433, 434t, 435f treatment goals and, 443 in hypertensive urgencies/emergencies, 460 in hypotension/shock, 486 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 793t, 795 in prehypertension, 434, 434t, 441 Systolic dysfunction. See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure Systolic murmurs. See Heart murmurs T3. See Triiodothyronine T4. See Thyroxine T315I mutation, in chronic myeloid leukemia, 516–517 T cell lymphoma, 524, 524t, 525 adult (ATL), 1383–1384. See also Human T cell lymphotropic/ leukemia virus in celiac disease, 623 cutaneous (mycosis fungoides), 115–116 exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and, 116 Epstein-Barr virus and, 1363 intestinal, 1620 nose and paranasal sinus involvement and, 223 tacrolimus/pimecrolimus associated with, 104 T cell-mediated (delayed/type IV) hypersensitivity, 866 T cell proliferative assay, in Lyme disease, 1480 T cell tolerance genes, in type 1 diabetes, 1193 T-DM1, for breast cancer, 741 T helper cells. See CD4 T cells T lymphocytes in common variable immunodeficiency, 869 in delayed hypersensitivity, 866 in HIV infection/AIDS. See CD4 T cells t-PA. See Tissue plasminogen activator T pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test, 1466 T pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test, 1466, 1466t T score, 1145–1146, 1710 T tube, for choledocholithiasis/ cholangitis, 707 T waves. See also Electrocardiogram
in acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 366 in angina, 352 antipsychotic drugs affecting, 1059 lithium affecting, 1073, 1582 in pericardial effusion, 421 in pericarditis, 420 uremic, 912 in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, 413 Tabes dorsalis, 1472 neurogenic arthropathy (Charcot joint) in, 865, 1472, 1472f Tabun (GA) poisoning, 1587 TAC regimen, for breast cancer, 737 TACE. See Transarterial chemoembolization Tâche noire, in tick typhus, 1414 “Tachy-brady syndrome,” 394 Tachycardia/tachyarrhythmia, 380–381 antidromic reentrant, 383 atrial, multifocal, 389 AV nodal reentrant (AVNRT), 381 palpitations in, 31 AV reentrant (AVRT), 381, 383 cardiomyopathy and, 391, 411, 412 in hyperthyroidism, 1112, 1118 nonparoxysmal junctional, 390 orthodromic reentrant, 383 in pheochromocytoma, 1166, 1167, 1169 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t sinus. See Sinus tachycardia in sleep apnea, 319 supraventricular accessory atrioventricular pathways causing, 381, 383–384 in myocardial infarction, 372, 376 palpitations in, 31 paroxysmal, 381–383 preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management of, 49 treatment of, 378–379t, 382 ventricular, 390–392. See also Ventricular tachycardia in myocardial infarction, 365, 373 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564, 1564t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 49 treatment of, 378–379t, 391–392 Tachypnea, in pulmonary embolism, 298 TACI. See Transarterial chemoinfusion Tacrolimus, 1724t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t hyperkalemia caused by, 879–880 topical, 97t for atopic dermatitis, 104 for Crohn disease, 642 for lichen planus, 144 T cell lymphoma and, 104 TACSTD1 mutation, in HNPCC, 656 Tadalafil for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959t, 960 for erectile dysfunction, 952, 1051 antidepressant-induced, 1051, 1067 in diabetes, 1226 nitrate/nitroglycerin contraindications and, 370, 952, 1051, 1226
index Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), 1514 solium (pork tapeworm), 1514 cysticercosis and, 1514, 1515 Tafluprost, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Takayasu disease, 428 Tako-Tsubo (stress/catecholamineinduced) cardiomyopathy/LV apical ballooning, 411, 413 myocardial infarction mimicked by, 365 pheochromocytoma and, 1169, 1170 Talc, for pleurodesis for malignant effusions, 1646 Talcosis (talc exposure), 309t, 311 Tall stature GH excess causing, 1100. See also Gigantism in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669 in Marfan syndrome, 1670 Talofibular ligament, ankle sprains involving, 1703, 1704 Tamm-Horsfall urinary mucoprotein, 898 Tamoxifen, 738, 740t, 1656t, 1708 adverse effects of, 723, 740, 1656t, 1708 ophthalmic, 196t for breast cancer, 738, 739, 739–740, 740, 740t hormone receptor status and, 738, 739 in male, 746 as preventive agent, 723, 1708 endometrial carcinoma and, 723, 759, 1708 for gynecomastia, 1179 for mastalgia, 1717 for osteoporosis, 1181, 1185 for Riedel thyroiditis/struma, 1122 Tamponade, 420–421 cancer-related, 419, 1645 in pericarditis, 419, 420, 420–421, 422, 912 pneumococcal, 1423 postinfarction/Dressler syndrome, 419–420 in traumatic cardiac injury, 428 in uremic pericarditis, 419, 420, 912 TAMs (thymidine analog mutations), antiretroviral drug resistance and, 1349 Tamsulosin adverse ophthalmic effects of, 179, 196t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959, 959t ureteral stone expulsion and, 950 for urinary incontinence, 69 Tap water enema, 572t Tapeworm infections, 1514–1517. See also Cysticercosis; Echinococcus invasive, 1515–1517 noninvasive, 1514–1515 vitamin B12 deficiency in, 497 TAR. See Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome Tar preparations, for psoriasis, 107 Tarceva. See Erlotinib Tardive dyskinesia, 1004, 1061 metoclopramide causing, 566, 629 Tardive dystonia, antipsychotics causing, 1060–1061
TARE. See Transarterial radioembolization Target cells in hemoglobin C disorders, 505 in sickle cell syndromes, 504 Targeted therapy, in cancer treatment, 1653–1655t for breast cancer, 737–738, 739–741, 740t for lung cancer, 1600 for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Tarka. See Trandolapril, with verapamil Tarsal tunnel syndrome, 1027 Tasigna. See Nilotinib Tau protein, in dementia, 1007 TAVI. See Transcutaneous aortic valve implantation tax gene, in adult T cell lymphoma/ leukemia, 1384 Taxanes, 1652t for breast cancer, 737 neuropathy caused by, 1661 Taxol. See Paclitaxel Taxotere. See Docetaxel Tay-Sachs disease, screening for, 783 Tazarotene, for acne, 127 Tazorac. See Tazarotene Taztia. See Diltiazem TBCE gene, in hypoparathyroidism, 1136 TBE (tick-borne encephalitis). See Ticks, encephalitis transmitted by TBG. See Thyroxine-binding globulin TBPs. See Thyroxine-binding proteins 3TC. See Lamivudine TC regimen, for breast cancer, 737 TCAs. See Tricyclic antidepressants TCF7L2 gene, in type 2 diabetes, 1194 TCH regimen, for breast cancer, 737 TCu380A IUD, 773–774 for emergency/postcoital contraception, 774, 776 Td vaccine, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1430, 1430t, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t Tdap replacing, 3, 1440 Tdap vaccine, 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1430, 1430t, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 TdT. See Terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase Tear deficiency, 166 Tears, artificial, for dry eye, 166 Technetium-99m scintigraphy in angina, 353 in myocardial infarction, 366 for thyroid scanning, 1105t TEE (transesophageal echocardiography). See Echocardiography
CMDT 2013
1925
Teeth, disorders of. See Dental disorders Tegaserod, withdrawal of from market, 635, 1226 Tekturna/Tekturna HCT. See Aliskiren Telangiectasia GI bleeding and, 581, 584 hereditary hemorrhagic, 1671–1672 epistaxis in, 220, 1671 GI bleeding and, 581, 584, 1671 in rosacea, 128, 129, 129f Telaprevir, for hepatitis C, 677, 1329, 1354t Telavancin, for staphylococcal skin infections, 1426 Telbivudine, for hepatitis B, 675, 676, 1354t Telcagepant, for migraine headache, 964 Telemedicine burn care and, 1549, 1550, 1552 cold injury and, 1546 Telepaque. See Iopanoic acid Telmisartan, 451t with amlodipine, 452t with hydrochlorothiazide, 451t Telogen effluvium, 157 C-Telopeptide beta-cross-linked, reference values for, 1728t in Paget disease of bone, 1152 Temazepam, 1042t Temodar. See Temozolomide Temovate. See Clobetasol Temozolomide, 1650t for gliomas, 992 for pituitary adenoma/prolactinoma, 1104–1105 Temperature. See Body temperature; Fever Temporal artery biopsy, in giant cell arteritis, 183, 846–847 Temporal (giant cell/cranial) arteritis. See Giant cell (temporal/cranial) arteritis Temporal lobe herniation, intracranial tumors causing, 989 Temporal lobe lesions, 989–990 Temporomandibular joint dysfunction earache and, 206 facial pain caused by, 968 headache and, 962 Temsirolimus, 1654t TEN. See Toxic epidermal necrolysis Tendinopathy (tendinosis), upper extremity (lateral and medial epicondylosis), 1687–1688 Tendinous xanthoma, 1247–1248 Tendon friction rub, in scleroderma, 838 Tenecteplase (TNK-t-PA), for myocardial infarction, 369, 369t Tenex. See Guanfacine Tennis elbow, 1688 Tenofovir, 1341t, 1343, 1344, 1347, 1348f, 1354t. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART with emtricitabine, 1343, 1344, 1347, 1348f prophylactic, 1291, 1333 with emtricitabine and efavirenz, 1344, 1346, 1347, 1348f with emtricitabine and rilpivirine, 1346, 1347
1926
CMDT 2013
Tenofovir (Cont.): for hepatitis B, 675, 676, 1329, 1343, 1344, 1354t herpes simplex acquisition and, 1352 prophylactic, 1333 resistance to, 675, 1349 Tenormin. See Atenolol Tenosynovitis in gonococcal arthritis, 860, 1452 in tuberculous arthritis, 864 Tension pneumothorax, 316, 317 Tension-type headache, 962, 965 Teoptic. See Carteolol Teplizumab, in new-onset type 1 diabetes, 1202 Tequin. See Gatifloxacin Teratogenic drugs, 782, 782t. See also specific agent Teratomas, testicular, 1642 Terazosin, 456t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 195t, 196t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 959, 959t, 960 for hypertension, 453, 456t for urinary incontinence, 69 Terbinafine, 98t, 110, 1542t for chromoblastomycosis, 1540 for onychomycosis, 158 for sporotrichosis, 1539 for tinea infection, 111, 112, 113 Terbutaline for asthma/bronchospasm, 255 for preterm labor prevention, 796 Terconazole, for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 752 Teres minor, evaluation of, 1680 Terfenadine, antidepressant drug interactions and, 1068, 1071t Teriparatide for bisphosphonate-related atypical fractures, 1147, 1148 for hypoparathyroidism, 1138 for hypophosphatasia, 1150, 1151 for osteoporosis, 1147–1148 corticosteroid use and, 1148, 1191 Terlipressin, for GI bleeding/esophageal varices, 583, 602 Terminal delirium, 86–87, 1088 Terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase, in acute leukemia, 520 Terminal illness. See End of life Terminal restlessness, 86 Terrorism. See Bioterrorism; Chemical warfare agents Testes diseases of, 1173–1179, 1173t examination of in hypogonadism/ infertility, 954–955, 1175 intra-abdominal cancer in, 1175, 1178, 1642 in pseudohermaphroditism, 1179 masses/tumors of, 1177, 1642–1644. See also Testicular cancer gynecomastia and, 1178 secondary/metastatic, 1644 retractile, 1177 undescended (cryptorchism), 1177–1178 pseudohermaphroditism and, 1179 testicular cancer and, 1175, 1178, 1642
index Testicular cancer, 1611t, 1642–1644 bone marrow/stem cell transplantation for, 532 cryptorchism and, 1175, 1178, 1642 gynecomastia and, 1178, 1643 screening for, 16 secondary/metastatic, 1644 Testicular dysgenesis, 1175 Testicular failure, 955, 1174–1175. See also Hypogonadism Testicular feminization, 1179 Testicular lymphoma, 1642 Testicular masses. See Testes, masses/ tumors of Testicular pain, cancer causing, 1643 Testicular torsion, 945 Testim, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Testis. See Testes Testoderm, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Testogel, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Testosterone. See also Androgens; Testosterone replacement therapy deficiency of, 1173–1177, 1173t. See also Hypogonadism pseudohermaphroditism/ amenorrhea and, 1179 in women, 1185 excess of. See Hyperandrogenism insensitivity/resistance to, 1175 prostate cancer and, 1176, 1177, 1636, 1637t serum levels of in gynecomastia, 1178 in hirsutism/virilization, 1162, 1162–1163 in hypogonadism, 1095, 1175 in infertility workup, 955 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 1162 in postmenopausal women, 1185 reference/normal values for, 1175, 1734t Testosterone cypionate/enanthate, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Testosterone replacement therapy, 1176– 1177 for AIDS wasting, 1325 buccal, 1176 for erectile dysfunction, 952 for hypogonadism, 1176–1177 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1670 in men, 1176–1177 oral, 1176, 1185 parenteral, 1176 topical, 1176 transdermal, 1176, 1185, 1325 in women, 780, 1181, 1185 Testosterone undecanoate, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Tetanospasmin, 1429 Tetanus, 1300t, 1429–1430 prevention/immunization and, 1430, 1430t. See also Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and pertussis vaccine
bite wounds and, 1290 burn injury and, 1551 frostbite and, 1546 Tetanus-diphtheria 5-component acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 Tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td vaccine), 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t Tdap replacing, 3, 1440 Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTaP/ Tdap vaccines), 3, 1308t, 1309t, 1314, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t booster and, 1307, 1430, 1430t, 1434, 1440 burn injury and, 1551 in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS, 1309t, 1314, 1335 pregnancy and, 787, 1307, 1309t, 1440 Tetanus immune globulin, 1430, 1430t burn injury and, 1551 Tetany in hyperthyroidism, 1113 in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136, 1137, 1137t malabsorption and, 621t after parathyroidectomy, 1143 in respiratory alkalosis, 896 Tetrabenazine for Huntington disease, 1002 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Tetracycline for acne, 127 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614t for malaria, 1497 for non-sexually transmitted treponematoses, 1474 for rosacea, 129 for syphilis, 1468t Tetrafosmin scintigraphy, in angina, 353 Tetrahydrocannabinol, 1085. See also Dronabinol; Marijuana Tetrahydrozoline, overdose/toxicity of, 1577 Tetralogy of Fallot, 331–332 pulmonary valve regurgitation and, 332, 348
index Tetrodotoxin, puffer fish poisoning caused by, 1589t Teveten/Teveten HCT. See Eprosartan TFR2 (transferrin receptor 2) gene mutation, in hemochromatosis, 695 Tg. See Thyroglobulin Tg (thyroglobulin) antibodies. See Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/ antithyroperoxidase) antibodies TGF-b. See Transforming growth factor b Thalamic hemorrhage, stroke and, 983 Thalamic stimulation for benign essential (familial) tremor, 997 for idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 for parkinsonism, 1001 Thalamic syndrome intracranial tumors causing, 991 in vertebrobasilar obstruction, 981 Thalamotomy for idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1003 for parkinsonism, 1001 Thalassemias, 492, 494–496, 494t, 495t sickle, 505, 505t Thalidomide for cancer chemotherapy, 1656t for erythema nodosum leprosum, 1460–1461 for lupus, 115 for myeloma, 529 neuropathy caused by, 1661 teratogenicity of, 115 Thalitone. See Chlorthalidone Thallium-201 scintigraphy in angina, 353 in myocardial infarction, 366 in thyroid cancer surveillance, 1133 Thalomid. See Thalidomide THC (D9-tetrahydrocannabinol). See Dronabinol; Marijuana Theophylline, 1724t for asthma, 249f, 252, 252t, 255 for COPD, 263, 264 lithium interactions and, 1074t monitoring levels of, 252, 255, 263, 264, 1724t overdose/toxicity of, 252, 255, 263, 1569t, 1590–1591 hemodialysis for, 1568t seizures and, 1565t, 1591 perioperative management of patient taking, 51 Therapeutic abortion. See Abortion, elective/induced Therapeutic diets, 1268–1270. See also Diet; Nutrition Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1722– 1724t. See also specific agent in elderly, 72 Thermal injury. See Burns Thermocoagulation, endoscopic, for bleeding peptic ulcer, 618 Thermoregulation, 1543 hyperthermia/heat exposure syndromes and, 1547 hypothermia (systemic) and, 1543 Thessaly test, 1697t, 1700
Thiabendazole for cutaneous larva migrans, 1523 for strongyloidiasis, 1519 Thiamine (vitamin B1) for alcohol withdrawal, 1083 for coma, 1563 deficiency of, 1264 alcohol use/alcoholic ketoacidosis and, 681, 891, 893, 1083, 1264 amnestic syndrome and, 1088 neuropathy associated with, 1023, 1264 Wernicke encephalopathy/WernickeKorsakoff syndrome caused by, 681, 893, 1013, 1081, 1264 for Wernicke encephalopathy/thiamine deficiency, 681, 893, 1013, 1081, 1264 Thiazide diuretics. See also Diuretics for acute tubular necrosis, 906 adverse effects of, 445t, 446 ophthalmic, 196t for diabetes insipidus, 1099 for heart failure, 401 chronic kidney disease and, 912 hypercalcemia and, 884, 1142 for hypercalciuria, 948 for hyperkalemia, 879 for hypertension, 434t, 444–446, 445t, 457–458, 457f, 458t in chronic kidney disease, 459 in combination products, 445t, 450t, 451t, 452t in combination regimens, 457–458, 457f, 458t hyponatremia caused by, 871f, 872 lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t for nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 Thiazolidinediones for diabetes mellitus, 1206t, 1209–1210 overdose/toxicity of, 1209–1210, 1580 Thick blood film, for malaria diagnosis, 1491 Thienopyridines, platelet function affected by, 549t Thimerosal-free vaccines, 669 Thin blood film, for malaria diagnosis, 1491, 1491f Thioglitazones, lower extremity edema caused by, 33 Thioguanine, 639 Thiopurine methyltransferase azathioprine therapy and, 639 mercaptopurine therapy and, 639 testing for variants of, 1726t Thioridazine, 1056t, 1057t overdose/toxicity of, 1057t, 1059, 1574 ophthalmic, 196t Thiosulfate, for cyanide poisoning, 1566t, 1577, 1578t Thiotepa, for bladder cancer, 1639 Thiothixene, 1056t, 1057t Thioureas for goiter, 1114 for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1114–1115, 1115 during pregnancy/lactation, 800, 1115, 1117
CMDT 2013
1927
RAI therapy and, 1115 thyroid crisis/storm and, 1118 for toxic solitary thyroid nodule, 1116 Thioxanthenes, 1055. See also Antipsychotic drugs Third-degree burns, 1550 Third-degree (complete) heart block, 394, 395 in atrial septal defect, 328 in myocardial infarction, 373 Third heart sound (S3/ventricular gallop). See Heart sounds Third nerve paralysis/palsy, 190 in ophthalmoplegic migraine, 963 Third-trimester bleeding, 797 Thirst. See Polydipsia Thoracentesis, 313. See also Pleural fluid analysis diagnostic, 313 in lung cancer, 1597 for malignant effusions, 315, 1645–1646 in pleural effusion, 272, 313, 315, 1645–1646 in pneumonia, 272, 1423 Thoracic actinomycosis, 1457 Thoracic aortic aneurysms, 474–475 giant cell arteritis and, 846, 847 Thoracic carcinoid, in MEN, 1188t Thoracic outlet syndrome, 818–819 chest pain/discomfort in, 355 neck pain and, 1686 Raynaud phenomenon and, 837 Thoracic spine/disk disease chest pain/discomfort in, 355 tuberculosis (Pott disease) and, 863 Thoracoscopic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) for hepatic hydrothorax, 688 in lung cancer diagnosis, 1597 in mesothelioma diagnosis, 1602 for pulmonary effusion/tamponade, 421 for pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised host, 279 for solitary pulmonary nodule, 291 Thoracoscopy for hemothorax, 316 in lung cancer, 1597 in pleural effusion, 315 for pneumothorax, 317 Thoracostomy, tube. See Tube thoracostomy Thoracotomy for hemothorax, 316 for pneumothorax, 317 Thorazine. See Chlorpromazine Thorotrast exposure, ureteral/renal pelvic cancer and, 1640 Thought content, in schizophrenia/ psychotic disorders, 1054 Threatened abortion, 788 Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, for prostate cancer, 1635 Three-item word recall, in dementia screening, 60, 1007 3P tumor suppressor gene, in thyroid cancer, 1127
1928
CMDT 2013
“3” sign, in coarctation of aorta, 327 “Thrifty” (LITH) gene, in cholelithiasis/ gallstones, 702 Throat culture, in pharyngitis, 228, 1419 Thrombasthenia, Glanzmann, 548 Thrombin inhibitors for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544, 544t for venous thromboembolism, 558 Thrombin time, heparin affecting, 554 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease), 471–472 Raynaud disease/phenomenon and, 472, 837 Thrombocytopenia, 538–548, 539t, 541f, 543t, 544t, 546t, 547t amegakaryocytic, 538, 539 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 835 aplastic anemia and, 508, 538, 539–540 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Evans syndrome), 506 in bone marrow failure, 538–540 in bone marrow infiltration, 540 in cancer chemotherapy/irradiation, 540, 547t, 1649–1659 in cirrhosis, 686 cyclic, 540 decreased platelet production causing, 539–540, 539t DIC and, 545–546, 546t drug-induced, 546, 547t gestational, 547 in gram-negative bacteremia/sepsis, 1444 in hairy cell leukemia, 523 heparin-induced, 544–545, 544t, 554 reference values in, 1731t immune, 540–542, 541f increased platelet destruction causing, 539t, 540–546, 541f, 543t, 544t, 546t infection/sepsis-related, 547 nutritional deficiencies and, 540 platelet sequestration and, 539t, 547, 547t platelet transfusion for, 536, 540 in posttransfusion purpura (PTP), 546 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793, 793t pregnancy and, 542, 547 retinal disease associated with, 186–187 with severe fever, 1385 in SLE, 834, 834t in thrombotic microangiopathy, 542, 543, 543t diarrhea and, 543 in von Willebrand disease type 2B, 547, 551 Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome, 538 Thrombocytosis essential, 511t, 513–514 reactive, 513 Thromboembolism. See also Embolism; Thrombosis; Venous thromboembolic disease acute arterial limb occlusion caused by, 468 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 835, 836
index in atrial fibrillation, 384–385, 385t anticoagulation in prevention of, 385t, 386–387, 388 in atrial flutter, 389 in Behçet syndrome, 853 estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1183 fever and, 1283 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 in heart failure, 297, 405 in myocardial infarction, 365, 375 in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 oral contraceptive use and, 770 perioperative anticoagulation management and, 52, 53t during pregnancy, 431 prosthetic heart valves and, 338 pulmonary. See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension and, 304, 305, 423t, 424 Thromboendarterectomy carotid. See Carotid endarterectomy/ thromboendarterectomy for femoral/popliteal occlusive disease, 466 pulmonary, 305–306 visceral, for visceral ischemia, 471 Thrombolytic therapy for acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 for deep venous thrombosis, 563 for frostbite, 1546 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 for myocardial infarction, 364t, 368–370, 369t contraindications to without ST elevation, 363, 367 PCI and, 357, 368 for pulmonary embolism, 303, 556, 562–563, 562t for retinal artery occlusion, 183 for stroke, 982, 983 for venous thromboembolic disease, 303, 556, 562–563, 562t Thrombophilia oral contraceptive use and, 770 work up for, 559–560 Thrombophlebitis. See also Deep venous thrombosis; Thrombosis cancer-related, 1596t leg ulcers and, 153 oral contraceptive use and, 770 septic. See Septic thrombophlebitis of superficial veins, 479–480 varicosities and, 478, 479 venous insufficiency/stasis and, 33, 33t, 34, 480 Thrombopoietin, chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia and, 1649 Thrombopoietin receptor agonists. See also Eltrombopag; Romiplostim for immune thrombocytopenia, 541–542, 541f Thrombosis. See also Thromboembolism; Thrombophlebitis acute arterial limb occlusion caused by, 468
in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 835, 836 in aortic aneurysm, 473 cancer-associated, 301t, 1596t cavernous sinus, bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 216 cerebrovascular occlusion and, 469–470 of deep veins. See Deep venous thrombosis in DIC, 545, 546 in essential thrombocytosis, 513 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 hemorrhoidal, 658 in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544–545 in homocystinuria, 1669 intracranial, 988. See also Stroke mesenteric, 470, 471 in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 502 peripheral arterial aneurysms and, 475–476 in polycythemia, 512 prosthetic heart valves and, 338 sigmoid sinus, otitis media and, 205 stent, 363 venous. See Venous thromboembolic disease venous sinus, 994, 995 Thrombotic microangiopathy, 542–544, 543t diarrhea and, 543 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 542–544, 543t diarrhea and, 543, 1447 microangiopathic hemolytic anemias and, 508, 542, 543, 543t Thrush (oral candidiasis), 131, 131f, 225–226, 226f esophagitis and, 598, 1529 in HIV infection/AIDS, 131, 225–226, 226, 226f, 1325, 1328–1329, 1337 Thumb sign, 235 “Thunderclap headache,” 41 Thymectomy in MEN 1, 1188–1189 for myasthenia gravis, 1033 Thymidine analog mutations (TAMs), antiretroviral drug resistance and, 1349 Thymidylate synthase gene mutations, pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1608 Thymoma myasthenia gravis associated with, 1032 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with, 1596t pure red cell aplasia caused by, 500, 1596t Thyrogen. See Thyrotropin-a Thyroglobulin antibodies against. See Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/ antithyroperoxidase) antibodies serum levels of
index reference values for, 1734t in thyroid cancer diagnosis/ surveillance, 1128, 1131, 1132, 1133 Thyroglossal duct cysts, 239 Thyroid acropachy, 1113 Thyroid adenoma, toxic in MEN, 1188t multiple (toxic multinodular goiter), 1111, 1114, 1116 solitary (toxic solitary thyroid nodule), 1111, 1116 Thyroid antibodies. See Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/ antithyroperoxidase) antibodies Thyroid cancer, 1126–1134, 1127t, 1130t, 1612t anaplastic/undifferentiated, 1127t, 1128, 1131, 1134 differentiated, 1126–1127, 1129–1131, 1130t, 1132–1133, 1133 fine-needle aspiration biopsy in, 1124–1125, 1124t follicular, 1124–1125, 1127, 1127t, 1129, 1133 functioning, 1127, 1128 incidence/mortality/risk of, 1594t long-term followup/surveillance for, 1132–1133 lymphoma, 1128, 1131, 1134 medullary, 1127–1128, 1127t, 1128, 1131, 1133–1134 liraglutide use and, 1212 in MEN, 1123, 1127, 1131, 1133, 1188t, 1189, 1189–1190 metastatic, 1112, 1127, 1128, 1130, 1130–1131, 1130t surveillance and, 1132–1133 micropapillary, 1127 papillary, 1124, 1126–1127, 1127t, 1129, 1130t, 1133 follicular variant of (mixed papillary-follicular), 1126, 1133 pregnancy and, 1130 radiation exposure and, 1123, 1126, 1554 staging of, 1129, 1130t, 1131 thyroid nodules and, 1121, 1123, 1124, 1124t, 1125, 1128 thyroid surgery for, 1125, 1129–1130, 1130t radioactive iodine therapy after, 1130–1131 thyroid testing in, 1124t, 1127t, 1128 Thyroid crisis/storm, 1118–1119 during pregnancy, 800 propranolol for, 1116, 1118 Thyroid cysts, 1125 Thyroid gland biopsy of, 1105t, 1124–1125, 1124t in thyroid nodules/cancer, 1105t, 1124–1125, 1124t in thyroiditis, 1121 disorders of, 1105–1135. See also Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid cancer eye disease associated with, 191, 1110, 1112–1113, 1117–1118
RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and, 1115–1116, 1117–1118 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330 lipid abnormalities and, 1248t lithium causing, 1073, 1111 neoplastic. See Thyroid cancer; Thyroid nodules pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and, 1168t during pregnancy, 800, 1106, 1108, 1109, 1111, 1111–1112, 1113, 1117, 1119, 1120, 1121 hyperemesis gravidarum and, 787, 1111 preoperative evaluation/ perioperative management and, 55 thyroid testing in, 1105, 1105t. See also Thyroid testing enlarged. See Goiter infection of (suppurative thyroiditis), 1120, 1121, 1122 nodular. See Multinodular (nodular) goiter; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid nodules Thyroid hormone. See also Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine antidepressant drug augmentation and, 1065, 1069 excess/deficiency of. See Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism exogenous, excess ingestion of (thyrotoxicosis factitia), 1111, 1113 replacement therapy with. See Levothyroxine Thyroid incidentalomas (incidentally discovered thyroid nodules), 1121, 1123, 1124 Thyroid nodules, 1105t, 1123–1126, 1124t. See also Goiter; Thyroid cancer cystic, 1125 solitary, 1123 toxic (thyroid adenoma), 1111, 1116 in MEN, 1188t thyroid testing in, 1105t, 1123, 1124t Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake and scan. See Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake Thyroid remnant ablation, 1130 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH/ thyrotropin), 1105, 1105t deficiency of, 1093, 1094, 1096 in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 fetal, 1117 in goiter, 1134 in hyperthyroidism, 1105t, 1110, 1113 amiodarone-induced, 1113 factors affecting, 1111t, 1114 pituitary adenoma/hyperplasia and, 1111 pregnancy and, 800, 1111, 1113, 1117 in hypopituitarism, 1093, 1094, 1095 in hypothyroidism, 1094, 1096, 1105t, 1106, 1107, 1109–1110 amiodarone-induced, 1106
CMDT 2013
1929
factors affecting, 1107–1108, 1107t levothyroxine replacement and, 1096, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1109–1110 pregnancy and, 800, 1109 pregnancy and, 800, 1109, 1111, 1113 recombinant human (rhTSH), RAI therapy/surveillance for thyroid cancer and, 1131, 1132–1133 hyperthyroidism and, 1112 reference values for, 1734t suppression of. See Levothyroxine in thyroid cancer postsurgical, 1130 surveillance and, 1132 in thyroid nodules, 1123 levothyroxine therapy and, 1125 in thyroiditis, 1121 Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSAb/TSH-R Ab[stim]). See also Thyrotropin receptor antibody in hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1105t, 1110, 1113 during pregnancy, 1113 reference values for, 1735t Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, 1105t in hyperthyroidism, 1110, 1113 during pregnancy, 1113 Thyroid storm. See Thyroid crisis/storm Thyroid surgery/thyroidectomy for goiter, 1116, 1135 for hyperthyroidism/Graves disease, 1116 multinodular goiter and, 1116, 1135 during pregnancy, 1116, 1117 toxic solitary thyroid nodule and, 1116 hypoparathyroidism after, 1116, 1119, 1129, 1135 hypothyroidism after, 1119, 1129 during pregnancy, 1116, 1117, 1130 prophylactic, in MEN, 1131, 1189, 1190 for thyroid cancer, 1125, 1129–1130, 1130t radioactive iodine treatment after, 1130–1131 RAI surveillance and, 1132 for thyroid nodules, 1125 vocal fold paralysis/recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and, 237, 238, 1116, 1119, 1129 Thyroid testing, 1105, 1105t in heart failure, 399, 400 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1330 in hyperthyroidism, 1105t, 1113–1114 factors confounding, 1111t, 1114 in hypothyroidism, 1105t, 1107 factors confounding, 1107–1108, 1107t in thyroid cancer, 1124t, 1127t, 1128 in thyroid nodules, 1105t, 1123, 1124t in thyroiditis, 1121 Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), in lung cancer, 1601 Thyroidectomy. See Thyroid surgery/ thyroidectomy
1930
CMDT 2013
Thyroiditis, 1119–1122 Hashimoto. See Hashimoto (chronic lymphocytic/autoimmune) thyroiditis hepatitis C and, 1106 hyperthyroidism and, 1111, 1113, 1121 painless, 1120, 1121 postpartum/pregnancy and, 800, 1111, 1119, 1120, 1121 Riedel, 1120, 1121, 1122 silent, 1111, 1121 sporadic, 1120, 1121 subacute. See Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis suppurative, 1120, 1121, 1122 transient autoimmune, postpartum, 800 Thyroperoxidase, antibodies against. See Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/ antithyroperoxidase) antibodies Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis, 1036, 1113, 1119 Thyrotoxicosis, 1105t, 1110–1119, 1111t. See also Hyperthyroidism factitia, 1111, 1113 Thyrotrophe pituitary adenoma, 1111, 1117 Thyrotrophe pituitary hyperplasia, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1117 Thyrotropin. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) Hashimoto thyroiditis and, 1112, 1120 hyperthyroidism/Graves disease in pregnancy and, 1111 Thyroxine (T4) replacement therapy with. See Levothyroxine serum levels of in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 free. See Free thyroxine assay in goiter, 1134 in hyperthyroidism, 1110, 1113 amiodarone-induced, 1113 factors affecting, 1111t, 1114 pregnancy and, 800, 1113, 1117 thyroiditis and, 1121 after treatment, 1115, 1116 in hypothyroidism, 1107 factors affecting, 1107–1108, 1107t pregnancy and, 800, 1109 thyroid cancer surveillance and, 1132 total, reference values for, 1735t suppression of. See also Levothyroxine in goiter, 1135 in thyroid cancer management, 1125, 1129, 1130 thyroid cancer secreting, 1127, 1128 uptake of (resin). See Resin T3/T4 uptake Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), 1105 hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and, 1113 hypothyroidism during pregnancy and, 1109 Thyroxine-binding proteins (TBPs), in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107
index Thyroxine (T4) index, free (FT4I). See Free thyroxine index Thyroxine/triiodothyronine preparations, for hypothyroidism, 1108 Thyroxine-withdrawal stimulated 131I therapy, for thyroid cancer, 1131 TIA. See Transient ischemic attacks Tiagabine, 972, 973t overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1574 Tiazac. See Diltiazem TIBC. See Total iron-binding capacity Tibia, 1692 Tibial artery, atherosclerotic/occlusive disease of, 467 Tibial nerve, entrapment of (tarsal tunnel syndrome), 1027 Tibial osteotomy, for osteoarthritis of knee, 1702 Tibiofibular ligament, in ankle sprains, 1704 Tibolone, 1185 Tic douloureux. See Trigeminal neuralgia Ticagrelor for acute coronary syndromes, 361, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t, 367, 376 proton pump interaction/ coadministration and, 616 Ticar. See Ticarcillin Ticarcillin, platelet function affected by, 549t Tick typhus, 1409t, 1414 Ticks babesiosis transmitted by, 1499 Colorado tick fever transmitted by, 1391–1392 ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis transmitted by, 1409t, 1414, 1415 encephalitis transmitted by, 1378, 1390–1391 hemorrhagic fevers transmitted by, 1385 Lyme disease transmitted by, 135, 240, 1478, 1481 relapsing fever transmitted by, 1475, 1476 removal of, 1478 Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted by, 1409t, 1412 skin lesions caused by, 135, 149 Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) transmitted by, 136 spotted fevers transmitted by (tick typhus), 1409t tularemia transmitted by, 1450 Ticlopidine. See also Antiplatelet therapy platelet function affected by, 549t Tics in OCD, 1041 in Tourette syndrome, 1004–1005 Tietze syndrome, 355 TIG. See Tetanus immune globulin Tigecycline for anaerobic abdominal infections, 1455, 1455t for staphylococcal skin infections, 1426 Tilt table testing in dysautonomia, 976 in syncope, 397
Tiludronate, for Paget disease of bone, 1153 TIMI Risk Score, 364, 375 Timolol for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 in combination agents, 171–172t, 176 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t for systemic hypertension, 448t Timoptic/Timoptic-XE/Timoptic GFS. See Timolol Tincture of opium, for diarrhea, 580 Tinea acne caused by, 126 circinata/corporis, 110–111, 111f cruris, 111–112 manuum, 112–113 pedis, 111f, 112–113, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 pityriasis rosea differentiated from, 109 profunda, furuncles differentiated from, 151 unguium (onychomycosis), 157, 158 versicolor (pityriasis versicolor), 113–114 Tinel sign, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 824, 1688, 1689t Tinidazole for amebiasis, 1504, 1505t for bacterial vaginosis, 753 for giardiasis, 1509 in H pylori eradication therapy, 613, 614 for trichomoniasis, 753, 1510 Tinnitus, 208 glomus tumors causing, 206, 208 in labyrinthitis, 211 in Ménière syndrome, 210 in pseudotumor cerebri, 995 vertigo and, 209, 210 Tinzaparin, 559t Tioconazole, for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 752 Tiotropium for asthma, 252, 252t for COPD, 262, 263 Tipranavir, 1344, 1345, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/ HAART with ritonavir, 1342t, 1345, 1347 TIPS. See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts Tirofiban for acute coronary syndromes, 362t, 363 for myocardial infarction, 362t platelet function affected by, 549t Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA/ alteplase), 369t. See also Thrombolytic therapy for acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 for myocardial infarction, 368–369, 369t pleural instillation of, 316 for pulmonary embolism, 303, 562t, 563 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 for stroke, 982
index Tissue transglutaminase. See Transglutaminase TIV influenza vaccine, 1396. See also Influenza virus vaccine Tizanidine overdose/toxicity of, 1577 for spasticity, 1012 TLC (total lung capacity). See also Pulmonary function tests in COPD, 261 in cystic fibrosis, 267 TLS. See Tumor lysis syndrome TMA. See Thrombotic microangiopathy TMP-SMZ. See Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor TNK-t-PA. See Tenecteplase TNM staging classification, 1594. See also specific type of cancer Tobacco use. See also Smoking cancer and, 6, 1593 esophageal cancer, 1613 laryngeal cancer, 236 lung cancer, 6, 1593, 1595 as co-carcinogen, 311 screening for, 289, 1599 in women, 1709 oral cancer, 224 pancreatic/periampullary cancer, 1607 health hazards of, 6, 1593 postoperative pulmonary complications and, 51 during pregnancy, 783 preventable disease/deaths and, 3t, 6–8, 7t in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease), 472 Tobramycin, 1724t. See also Aminoglycosides for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for pneumonia, 273t, 277t Tobrex. See Tobramycin Tocilizumab, for rheumatoid arthritis, 830–831 Tocolytics, 796 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 196t Toe amputations, in lower leg/foot occlusive disease, 467 Toe web (interdigital) tinea pedis, 112, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 Toenails, disorders of. See Nail disorders Toes callosities and corns of, 141 in diabetes/vascular disorders, 141, 1224 in gout, 813 thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) involving, 472 Tofranil. See Imipramine Togaviruses, encephalitis caused by, 1378–1380 Tolazamide, 1206t, 1207 Tolazoline, clonidine overdose and, 1577 Tolbutamide, 1206t, 1207 in insulinoma diagnosis, 1240 Tolcapone, for parkinsonism, 1000 Tolectin. See Tolmetin Tolerance (drug), 1079. See also Substance use disorders
in opioid therapy, 76, 79 in stimulant abuse, 1085 Tolinase. See Tolazamide Toll-like receptors in gout, 812 in tick-borne encephalitis, 1390 Tolmetin, 78t Tolterodine, for urinary incontinence, 68 Toluene toxicity/abuse, 1086, 1583 anion gap and, 891 Tolvaptan, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875 Tomographic coronary calcium, in chest pain evaluation, 29 Tonal tinnitus, 208 Tongue disorders (glossitis/glossodynia), 226 Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, 970, 970t. See also Seizures Tonic-clonic status epilepticus, 970, 974 Tonic seizures, 970. See also Seizures Tonicity, 870 Tonsillectomy, 230 for peritonsillar abscess (quinsy), 229–230 Tonsillitis, 227–229, 228f. See also Pharyngitis Tooth disorders. See Dental disorders Tophus (tophi)/tophaceous arthritis, 812, 813, 813f, 816 rheumatoid nodule differentiated from, 814 Topical therapy, for skin disorders, 94–100, 95–99t complications of, 99–100 Topiramate, 972, 973t for alcohol use/abuse, 18 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t for obesity, 1261 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1574 ophthalmic effects and, 196t for pseudotumor cerebri, 995 for seizures, 972, 973t pregnancy and, 803 for Tourette syndrome, 1005 Topoisomerase inhibitors, in cancer chemotherapy, 1653t for breast cancer, 737 Topotecan, 1653t Toprol XL. See Metoprolol Toradol. See Ketorolac Torcetrapib, 1252 Toremifene, 740t, 1656t Torisel. See Temsirolimus Toroviruses, gastroenteritis caused by, 1404–1405 Torsades de pointes, 391, 393 in hypomagnesemia, 888 in poisoning/drug toxicity, 393, 1564, 1564t antiarrhythmics in, 393, 1588 antidepressants in, 1591 antipsychotics/phenothiazines in, 1058, 1059, 1574 droperidol in, 569 opioids in, 1586 Torsemide for heart failure, 401 for hypertension, 445t Torsion dystonia focal, 1003 idiopathic, 1002–1003
CMDT 2013
1931
Torticollis, 1003 Tositumomab, 1654t for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 Total body iron, 492 Total body water. See Body water Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), 492, 1731t in anemia of chronic disease, 492 Total lung capacity (TLC). See also Pulmonary function tests in COPD, 261 in cystic fibrosis, 267 Total parenteral nutrition. See Central vein nutritional support Total protein. See Protein Tourette syndrome, 1004–1005 OCD and, 1005, 1041 Toxic adenoma multiple (toxic multinodular goiter), 1111, 1114, 1116 solitary (toxic solitary thyroid nodule), 1111, 1116 in MEN, 1188t Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 134, 135 drugs causing, 134, 135, 159t, 161 Toxic erythema, drugs causing, 159t Toxic lung injury, 311 aspiration and, 308 smoke inhalation and, 307 Toxic megacolon acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) differentiated from, 628 in ulcerative colitis, 649 Toxic multinodular goiter, 1111, 1114, 1116 Toxic myocarditis, 409t, 410–411 Toxic neuropathies, 1024 Toxic psychosis, 1055 Toxic shock syndrome clostridial, 1429 diaphragm/cervical cap use and, 775 staphylococcal, 1427, 1427f streptococcal, 1421–1422 Toxic solitary thyroid nodule (toxic adenoma), 1111, 1116 in MEN, 1188t Toxicology screen, in poisoning/drug overdose, 1569–1570, 1569t Toxicosis, T3, 1113 Toxins. See also Poisoning/drug overdose anion gap affected by, 877, 891 in C difficile colitis, 574t, 575, 576, 636, 637 in diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis, 574t, 575, 1293, 1294t liver disease caused by, 682–684. See also Hepatotoxicity osmolar/osmol gap affected by, 877 screening for, 1569–1570, 1569t Toxocara canis/cati (toxocariasis), 1523 Toxoplasma/Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), 1500–1503 in HIV infection/AIDS, 993, 1327, 1338t, 1501, 1502 prevention/chemoprophylaxis and, 1335, 1337, 1502 during pregnancy/congenital, 1501, 1502 uveitis caused by, 178, 1501
1932
CMDT 2013
TP53 gene mutations. See also P53 gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 gallbladder cancer and, 1606 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1603 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma and, 1607 TPHA test, 1466 TPMT. See Thiopurine methyltransferase TPN (total parenteral nutrition). See Central vein nutritional support TPPA test, 1466, 1466t TRAb. See Thyrotropin receptor antibody Trabeculectomy, for glaucoma, 177 Trabeculoplasty, laser, for glaucoma, 177 Trace elements, in nutritional support, 1272 Trachea foreign body in, 238–239, 308 obstruction of, 242 stenosis of, 242 Tracheal intubation. See also Intubation; Mechanical ventilation in ARDS, 323 for respiratory failure, 320, 321 Tracheostomy/tracheotomy, 238. See also specific disorder for sleep apnea, 319 Trachoma, 165–166 Tractional retinal detachment, 179–180, 180 Traditional serrated adenoma, 652, 653, 1622 Tradjenta. See Linagliptin TRALI. See Transfusion-related acute lung injury TRAM (trans-rectus abdominis muscle) flap, for breast reconstruction, 745 Tramadol MAOI interactions and, 1585 for neuropathic pain, 84t, 85 overdose/toxicity of, 1586–1587 Trandate. See Labetalol Trandolapril, 451t with verapamil, 451t Tranquilizers. See specific agent and Antipsychotic drugs Trans fatty acids, preventable disease/ deaths caused by high intake of, 3t Transapical aortic valve replacement, 344 Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Transarterial chemoinfusion (TACI), for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Transarterial radioembolization (TARE), for hepatocellular carcinoma, 1605 Transbronchial lung biopsy. See Lung biopsy Transcobalamins, in polycythemia, 512 Transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression, 1065, 1071 for tinnitus, 208 Transcutaneous aortic valve implantation, 343–344
index Transdermal contraceptive patch, 773 Transdermal testosterone, 1176. See also Testosterone replacement therapy Transesophageal echocardiography. See Echocardiography Transesophageal echocardiographyguided cardioversion, for atrial fibrillation, 386 Transferrin in anemia of chronic disease, 492, 493 carbohydrate deficient, alcohol use/ abuse and, 1081 in hemochromatosis, 695 in iron deficiency anemia, 492 reference values for, 1735t in sideroblastic anemia, 497 Transferrin receptor, soluble, 493, 1735t Transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) gene mutation, in hemochromatosis, 695 Transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) Marfan syndrome and, 1670 mutations in receptor for, pulmonary hypertension and, 423 Transfusion (blood/blood products), 534–537. See also specific type acute lung injury caused by, 536 for anticoagulant overdose, 1573 for aplastic anemia, 509 in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 506 for bleeding disorders, 534, 536 for chemotherapy-associated anemia, 1649 contaminated blood and, 535 for DIC, 545, 546t disease transmission and, 535–536 arbovirus encephalitides, 1378, 1379, 1380 Chagas disease, 1486 donor screening programs and, 535–536 erythrovirus (parvovirus), 1402 hepatitis, 535–536, 667, 669 HIV, 536, 1321, 1334 HTLV, 536, 1384 variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1382 for fluid management/volume replacement in GI bleeding/variceal hemorrhage, 582, 602 in shock, 487 graft-versus-host disease caused by, 536 for myelodysplastic syndromes, 518 preoperative, 52 for primary myelofibrosis, 515 purpura associated with, 546 for sickle cell anemia, 504 pregnancy and, 799 for sideroblastic anemia, 497 for thalassemia, 495, 495t, 496 for thrombotic microangiopathies, 543 Transfusion graft-versus-host disease, 536 Transfusion reactions compatibility testing in prevention of, 534 contaminated blood causing, 535 hemolytic, 534–535 hypersensitivity reactions, 535
leukoagglutinin, 535 leukocyte-poor blood in prevention of, 534, 535 Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), 536 Transglutaminase/tissue transglutaminase (tTG), in celiac disease/ dermatitis herpetiformis, 123, 622 Transient autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum, 800 Transient elastography, in liver disease/ cirrhosis, 687 Transient ischemic attacks, 469, 470, 977–979 atrial fibrillation and, 385t, 469, 977, 978–979 carotid, 469, 977, 978 cerebrovascular occlusion/ embolization and, 469, 470, 977, 978–979 patent foramen ovale and, 329, 977 seizures differentiated from, 971, 978 strokes/stroke risk and, 469, 470, 977, 977–978 vertebrobasilar, 469, 978 Transient monocular blindness, 184, 469 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts Transketolase activity coefficient, in thiamine deficiency, 1264 Translocational hyponatremia, 872, 874 Transmetatarsal amputation, in lower leg/ foot occlusive disease, 467 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, 1381–1382 Transnasal ventilation, for COPD, 264 Transplantation. See also specific type or organ and Immunocompromised host fever/FUO and, 1276, 1277 hyperkalemia and, 879–880 hyperuricemia/gout and, 816 immunization in recipients and, 1314 infections following, 1279, 1279–1280, 1280–1281. See also Opportunistic infections adenoviruses causing, 1401, 1402 arbovirus encephalitides, 1378, 1379 CMV causing, 1280–1281, 1364, 1366 Creutzfeldt-Jakob, 1381 erythrovirus (parvovirus), 1402 fungal, 1281 hepatitis, 1402 herpes simplex, 1280 Pneumocystis, 1280, 1535 pneumonia, 279, 1402 prevention of, 1280–1281 toxoplasmosis, 1501, 1502 lymphoproliferative disorder after, 1277, 1362, 1363 organ donation for, 93 rabies transmitted by, 1376 squamous cell carcinoma after, 143 Transrectal ultrasound. See Ultrasonography
index Trans-rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap, for breast reconstruction, 745 Transsexualism, 1050 Transthoracic needle aspiration/biopsy (TTNA/TTNB) in lung cancer, 1597 in solitary pulmonary nodule, 290 Transthyretin (TTR) hereditary amyloidosis, 531 Transtracheal oxygen, for COPD, 262 Transtubular potassium concentration gradient (TTKG), 878 Transudates, pleural fluid, 313, 313t, 314, 315 Transurethral electrovaporization of prostate, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 960 Transurethral laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Transurethral needle ablation of prostate (TUNA), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 961 Transurethral resection of bladder, for bladder cancer, 1639 Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 960 Transurethral resection syndrome, 960 Transvaginal sonography/ultrasound. See Ultrasonography Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS), 583 for cirrhotic ascites, 688 for esophageal varices, 583, 603 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 rebleeding prevention and, 603 for GI bleeding, 583, 603 for hepatic hydrothorax, 688 for hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 for hepatorenal syndrome, 689 Transvestism, 1049 Tranxene. See Clorazepate Tranylcypromine, 1070t Trastuzumab, 736, 741, 1654t for breast cancer, 734, 736, 737, 741 cardiac toxicity of, 411, 737 for gastric adenocarcinoma, 1617 Trauma auricular (traumatic auricular hematoma), 199 cardiac injury and, 428–429 sudden death of athlete and, 431 cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t complex regional pain syndrome and, 824–825 corneal, 165t fat necrosis of breast caused by, 721 head injury and, 1016–1018, 1017t. See also Head injury headache associated with, 965
hearing loss associated with, 207 hypokalemia and, 878 middle ear, 205, 206f nasal, 221–222 epistaxis and, 220, 221 ocular, 192–194, 193f pneumothorax and, 316 prevention of, 17 psychologic/psychiatric disorders after (posttraumatic stress disorder), 1039–1040 abuse victims and, 1039 rape and, 778 rhabdomyolysis/renal failure and, 844 seizures caused by, 969 spinal, 1018 subarachnoid hemorrhage and, 984, 1014 syringomyelia associated with, 1019 vertigo caused by, 211 Travatan. See Travoprost Travel. See also Air travel immunizations recommended for, 4, 1314–1316 hepatitis A, 667, 1315 hepatitis B, 1315 infectious disease and, 1296–1297 during pregnancy, 786–787 retinal detachment and, 180 SARS transmission and, 1400, 1401 tick typhus and, 1414 Traveler’s diarrhea, 575, 576, 1297, 1297–1298, 1447 coccidial and microsporidial, 1506 during pregnancy, 787, 1298 Travoprost, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Travoprost/timolol, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Trazodone, 1069, 1070t. See also Antidepressants for depression, 1069, 1070t for insomnia, 1076–1077 in dementia, 1009 MAOI-induced, 1069 overdose/toxicity of, 1069, 1070t, 1591–1592 priapism caused by, 1069, 1076–1077 Treanda. See Bendamustine Treatment refusal/withdrawal, 91, 91t advance directives and, 89 Trelstar. See Triptorelin Trematode (fluke) infections, 1511–1514. See also specific type blood flukes (schistosomiasis), 1511–1512 liver/lung/intestinal flukes, 1512–1514 Tremor benign essential (familial), 997 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 drug-induced, 1004 fragile-X tremor-ataxia syndrome and, 1667 in parkinsonism, 998 in pheochromocytoma, 1167 Trench fever, 1454 Trench (immersion) foot/hand, 1545–1546 Trench mouth, 226
CMDT 2013
1933
Trendelenburg test, 1690, 1690t Treponema non-sexually transmitted diseases caused by, 1474–1475 pallidum, 1300t, 1304t, 1464. See also Syphilis carateum, 1475 endemicum, 1475 pertenue, 1300t, 1475 Treponemal antibody tests, for syphilis, 1466, 1466t Treponemal tests, rapid, 1467 Treprostinil, for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425, 425f Tretinoin. See also Retinoic acid for acne, 126–127, 127 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t for cancer chemotherapy, 1656t for hyperpigmentation, 156 teratogenicity of, 127 Trexall. See Methotrexate Triad asthma, 222 Triamcinolone, 96t, 1190t. See also Corticosteroids for acne, 128 for alopecia, 157 for asthma, 253t intra-articular injection of, 812 Triamterene for heart failure, 401 with hydrochlorothiazide, for hypertension, 445t hyperkalemia caused by, 401, 879 lithium interactions and, 1074, 1074t Triatomine bugs, Chagas disease transmitted by, 1486 Triazenes, in cancer chemotherapy, 1650t Triazolam, 1042t, 1043, 1076, 1077 overdose/toxicity of, 1077, 1579–1580 Tribenzor (olmesartan HCTZ and amlodipine). See Olmesartan/olmesartan HCTZ Trichiasis, in trachoma, 166 Trichinella/Trichinella spiralis (trichinosis/ trichinellosis), 1521–1522 Trichloroethylene, toxicity of, 1583, 1588 Trichoderma longibrachiatium, in opportunistic infection, 1540–1541 Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis), 751, 752f, 753, 1510–1511 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 778, 1291 Trichophyton/Trichophyton rubrum tinea corporis/circinata caused by, 110 tinea pedis caused by, 112 tinea unguium caused by, 158 Trichosporon, in opportunistic infection, 1540–1541 Trichotillomania, 157, 1041 Trichuris trichiura (trichuriasis/ whipworm), 1517–1518 Triclabendazole, for fascioliasis, 1513 Tricor. See Fenofibrate Tricuspid regurgitation, 333, 334–336t, 347–348, 349 Tricuspid stenosis, 334–336t, 346–347, 349
1934
CMDT 2013
Tricuspid valve replacement of, 346, 347, 349. See also Valve replacement in rheumatic fever/heart disease, 337, 417 Tricyclic antidepressants, 1068–1069, 1070t. See also Antidepressants drug interactions of, 1071t in elderly, 63, 1068 for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy, 84, 84t, 1021, 1049, 1225 overdose/toxicity of, 1068–1069, 1070t, 1563, 1564, 1575, 1591–1592 arrhythmias and, 1068, 1564, 1588, 1591, 1591f hypotension and, 1068, 1563 ophthalmic effects and, 196t seizures and, 1068–1069, 1565t, 1591 suicidal, 1065, 1067, 1591 in pain management, 84, 84t, 1021, 1049 Trientine, for Wilson disease, 697 Trifascicular block, 395 Trifluoperazine, 1056, 1056t, 1057t Trifluridine, for ophthalmic disorders, 169t, 1354t Trigeminal nerve herpes zoster ophthalmicus and, 120, 173, 1358, 1359 postherpetic neuralgia and, 120, 968 Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), 967 chemotherapy-induced, 1661 headache and, 962 Trigeminy, 390 Triglycerides, 1246 antiretroviral therapy and, 1344 elevated levels of. See Hypertriglyceridemia in insulin resistance syndrome/diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1228 lowering levels of, 1253, 1254, 1255–1256, 1255t reference values for, 1735t thiazolidinedione use and, 1210 Trihexyphenidyl, for parkinsonism, 999t. See also Antiparkinsonism drugs Triiodothyronine (T3), 1105, 1105t serum levels of in euthyroid sick syndrome, 1107 free, 1105, 1105t in hyperthyroidism, 1105t, 1110, 1113 amiodarone-induced, 1113 factors affecting, 1111t, 1114 pregnancy and, 1117 thyroiditis and, 1121 in hypothyroidism factors affecting, 1107–1108, 1107t levothyroxine therapy and, 1109 reference values for, 1735t total, 1105, 1105t, 1735t TSH/T4 levels affected by, 1096 uptake of (resin). See Resin T3/T4 uptake Triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis, 1113
index Triiodothyronine/thyroxine preparations, for hypothyroidism, 1108 Trilafon. See Perphenazine Trilasate. See Choline magnesium salicylate Trilpix. See Fenofibric acid Trimethobenzamide, 568t. See also Antiemetics Trimethoprim hyperkalemia caused by, 879 for P jiroveci infection, 1338t, 1339, 1534, 1535 Trimethoprim/polymyxin B, for ophthalmic disorders, 168t Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for actinomycetoma, 1540 for bacterial rhinosinusitis, 216t for cyclosporiasis, 1508 for isosporiasis, 1508 for malaria, 1496 for Pneumocystis infection, 1280, 1337t, 1338t, 1534 resistance to, 940, 1534 for toxoplasma treatment/prophylaxis, 1337, 1502 for urinary tract infection, 939, 940, 940t Trimetrexate, for P jiroveci infection, 1338t Trimipramine, 1070t Trinucleotide repeats in fragile X mental retardation, 1667 in Friedreich ataxia, 1022 in Huntington disease, 1001 in X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy, 1020 Triple A (Allgrove) syndrome, 1156, 1157, 1157–1158 Triple test, in breast mass evaluation, 1719 Triptans, for migraine headache, 42, 963–964 Triptorelin pamoate, 1657t Trisenox. See Arsenic trioxide Trismus in cervicofacial actinomycosis, 1457 in mumps, 1370 in tetanus, 1429 Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), 1666–1667 prenatal screening for, 783, 1666 Trivalent inactivated (TIV) influenza vaccine, 1396. See also Influenza virus vaccine Trivalent live-inactivated (LAIV) influenza vaccine, 1396. See also Influenza virus vaccine Trizivir. See Abacavir, with zidovudine and lamivudine TRK gene mutation, in papillary thyroid carcinoma, 1126 Trochanteric bursitis, 825 Troglitazone, withdrawal of from market, 1209, 1210 Trombiculid mite larvae scrub typhus transmitted by, 1411 skin lesions caused by, 149 Trondane. See Pramoxine Tronothane. See Pramoxine Tropheryma whippelii, 623, 624. See also Whipple disease
Trophoblastic disease. See Gestational trophoblastic disease Tropical anhidrosis and asthenia, 131 Tropical pancreatitis, 715 Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, 296, 1525 Tropical spastic paraparesis, 1383–1384 Tropisetron, 1660. See also Antiemetics Troponins in acute coronary syndromes/STEMI, 361, 366 in chest pain evaluation, 29 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 299 in infectious myocarditis, 410 reference values for, 1735t Trospium, for urinary incontinence, 68 Trousseau sign (carpal spasm) in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, 882, 1136 malabsorption and, 621t Trousseau syndrome, 545, 546 True vocal fold (glottic) cancer, 236, 237 Trusopt. See Dorzolamide Truvada. See Tenofovir, with emtricitabine Truvia. See Rebiana Trypanosoma (trypanosomiasis) African, 1484–1485, 1485t American (Chagas disease), 1486–1487 achalasia and, 605 brucei gambiense, 1484 brucei rhodesiense, 1484 cruzi, 1486 Trypsinogen in acute pancreatitis, 711 in chronic pancreatitis, 715 Tryptophan, MAOI interactions and, 1585 TSC1/TSC2 genes, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 TSE. See Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Tsetse flies. See Flies TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH receptor antibody (TSH-R Ab [stim]). See Thyroidstimulating hormone receptor antibody TSI. See Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin TSP. See Tropical spastic paraparesis Tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus), 1409t, 1411–1412 TT virus (TTV), 670 TT677 mutation in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 TTF-1. See Thyroid transcription factor-1 tTG. See Transglutaminase/tissue transglutaminase TTKG. See Transtubular potassium concentration gradient TTNA/TTNB. See Transthoracic needle aspiration/biopsy TTP. See Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TTV. See TT virus
index Tubal ligation/sterilization, 777 Tubal pregnancy, 790, 791. See also Ectopic pregnancy Tube cecostomy, for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), 629 Tube enterostomies, 1271, 1271f. See also Enteral nutritional support Tube feedings. See Enteral nutritional support Tube thoracostomy (chest tube drainage) for empyema, 279 for hemothorax, 316 for malignant effusions, 1646 for parapneumonic effusion, 315–316 for pneumothorax, 317 Tuberculin skin test, 4, 282, 283t, 286 BCG vaccine affecting, 282, 287 in HIV infection/AIDS, 283t, 1326, 1334, 1337 in intestinal tuberculosis, 631 latent disease treatment and, 286, 286–287 in pregnancy, 783, 805 in spinal tuberculosis, 863 in tuberculous meningitis, 1459 Tuberculoid leprosy, 1460. See also Leprosy Tuberculosis, 279–287, 281t, 282f, 283t, 284t, 289t, 1459 Addison disease caused by, 1155, 1158 blood tests/interferon gamma release assays in identification of, 4, 282–283, 286, 315, 1334 spinal disease and, 863 bone and joint infection in, 285, 863–864 drug-resistant/multi-drug resistant/ extensively drug-resistant, 280, 281, 281t, 285, 286 directly observed therapy (DOT) and, 284, 285, 286 tests in identification of, 281, 281t, 285 treatment of contacts and, 286 in drug users, 1292 extrapulmonary, 285. See also specific type or site fever/FUO in, 1277 in HIV infection/AIDS, 4, 280, 281, 1326 chemoprophylaxis/prevention and, 4, 1334, 1337 drug-resistant disease and, 280, 281, 281t, 1326 drug use and, 1292 intestinal involvement and, 631 treatment of, 4, 285, 1326 intestinal, 631 latent, 280, 286–287 testing for, 282–283, 283t meningitis and, 1459–1460 miliary, 282 musculoskeletal involvement and, 285, 863–864 pericarditis and, 419, 420 peritoneal involvement in, 588, 590 pleural effusion in, 282, 314–315, 314t during pregnancy/lactation, 285–286, 287, 805 prevention/control of, 4
HIV infection/AIDS and, 4, 1334, 1337 primary, 280 progressive primary, 280 pulmonary, 279–287, 281t, 282f, 283t, 284t, 289t reactivation, 4, 280, 282, 282f anti-TNF agents and, 640, 830, 1281 renal manifestations of, 936 as reportable disease, 283 salpingitis and, 763 silicosis and, 309 skin test for. See Tuberculin skin test spinal (Pott disease), 863–864 treatment of, 4, 283–287, 284t, 289t, 1300t. See also Antituberculous drugs Tuberculous arthritis, 864 Tuberculous lymphadenitis, 240, 1458 Tuberculous meningitis, 1459–1460 Tuberculous pericarditis, 419, 420 Tuberculous peritonitis, 588, 590 Tuberculous salpingitis, 763 Tuberin gene, in tuberous sclerosis, 996 Tuberous sclerosis, 996 angiomyolipoma of kidney in, 1642 Tuberous sclerosis complex, neuroendocrine tumors in, 1172 Tubo-ovarian abscess, 763–764 anaerobic, 1456 appendicitis differentiated from, 631 Tubular acidosis. See Renal tubular acidosis Tubular necrosis, acute, 902t, 904–906 in pancreatitis, 713 rhabdomyolysis and, 844, 905 urinalysis in, 898, 902t, 905 Tubular proteinuria, 899 Tubulointerstitial diseases, 909t, 932–933, 932t in SLE, 926 TUIP. See Transurethral incision of prostate Tularemia, 1450–1451 TULIP. See Transurethral laser-induced prostatectomy Tumefactive chronic pancreatitis, 716 Tumor embolization, pulmonary metastases and, 1601 Tumor lysis syndrome, 1647–1648 allopurinol for, 1647, 1658t rasburicase for, 1647, 1658t Tumor necrosis factor (TNF/cachectin) agents inhibiting. See Anti-TNF agents in alcoholic liver disease, 680–681 in fever, 35 in inflammatory bowel disease, 640 insulin action in obesity and, 1194 Tumor plop, 427 Tumor suppressor gene mutations. See also specific type in breast cancer, 722 in colorectal cancer, 1622 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1607–1608 in thyroid cancer, 1127, 1128 Tumoral calcinosis, 912 Tums (calcium carbonate). See Calcium, dietary/supplementary
CMDT 2013
1935
TUNA. See Transurethral needle ablation of prostate Tungiasis (Tunga penetrans), 149 Tuning fork tests, of hearing, 198–199 Turcot syndrome, 655. See also Familial adenomatous polyposis Turner syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis), 1186–1188, 1187t amenorrhea caused by, 1179, 1180, 1186, 1187 thyroid dysfunction and, 1120 TURP. See Transurethral resection of prostate TVS (transvaginal sonography/ ultrasound). See Ultrasonography 12-lead ECG. See Electrocardiogram Twinrix (hepatitis A and B vaccine), 667 TwoDay method of contraception, 776 Twynsta. See Telmisartan, with amlodipine Ty21a vaccine. See Typhoid vaccine Tygacil. See Tigecycline Tykerb. See Lapatinib Tylenol. See Acetaminophen Tylox. See Oxycodone Tympanic membrane in acute otitis media, 203 in chronic otitis media/cholesteatoma, 204 in eustachian tube dysfunction, 201, 202 in external otitis, 200 perforation of in acute otitis media, 203 cerumen removal and, 200 in chronic otitis media, 203, 204 ototoxic ear drops contraindicated in, 207 traumatic, 205, 206f underwater diving contraindicated in, 203 reconstruction of, 204 in serous otitis media, 202 Tympanocentesis, in otitis media, 203 Typhoid fever, 1445, 1445–1446 prevention/immunization and, 1315, 1446 Typhoid vaccine, 1315, 1446 Typhus, 1357t. See also specific type Tyramine, MAOI interactions and, 1000, 1585 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 1654–1655t for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 521 for chronic myeloid leukemia, 516–517 for gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619–1620 hypothyroidism caused by, 1106 Tyrosine phosphatases, antibodies to, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Tyrosinemia, hepatocellular carcinoma and, 1604 U-Lactin, 99t U waves, antipsychotic drugs causing, 1059 UGFS. See Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy “Ugly duckling sign,” 102
1936
CMDT 2013
UGT 1A1 (uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A1) variants, clinical relevance of testing for, 1726t Uhl disease, 411 UIP. See Usual interstitial pneumonia UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study), 1202–1203 Ulcer perforation, 618–619 Ulcerative colitis, 638, 646–650, 646t. See also Inflammatory bowel disease arthritis in, 858 colorectal cancer and, 649, 1623 diarrhea in, 574t, 578, 646, 647 drug therapy for, 647–649 fulminant, 646, 649 GI bleeding and, 584, 646 primary sclerosing cholangitis and, 709, 710 social support and, 641 Ulcerative stomatitis. See Stomatitis, ulcerative Ulcers. See also Peptic ulcer disease amebic, 1504, 1504f anal fissures, 660–661 aphthous. See Aphthous ulcer Buruli, 1458 contact, of arytenoid cartilage, 235 corneal, 167–174. See also Keratitis contact lens wear and, 162, 172, 173, 174 genital/genitourinary. See Genital ulcers intraoral, 226–227, 227f in Behçet syndrome, 853 chemotherapy-induced, 1660 herpes simplex esophagitis and, 598 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1329 skin. See Skin disorders, ulcers Ulipristal, for emergency/postcoital contraception, 776 Ulnar nerve lesions, 1026–1027 in leprosy, 1023, 1460 Ultram. See Tramadol Ultrarapid detoxification, for heroin/ opioid withdrawal, 1084 Ultrasonography/Doppler ultrasonography/duplex ultrasonography. See also Echocardiography in abdominal aortic aneurysm screening/diagnosis, 6, 7t, 473 in abnormal premenopausal bleeding, 747 in acute arterial limb occlusion, 468 in aortic regurgitation, 336t, 345 in aortic stenosis, 336t, 342 in aortoiliac occlusive disease, 464 in appendicitis, 630 in ascites, 588 in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale, 328 in breast lump evaluation, 718, 727, 728f, 729 pregnancy and, 807, 1718 in cardiomyopathy, 412, 414, 416 in carotid occlusive disease, 469 in cerebrovascular occlusive disease, 469
index for cholecystitis, 704–705 in chronic kidney disease, 911 in chronic venous insufficiency, 33t, 34, 481 in cirrhosis, 687 in coarctation of aorta, 327 in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 33t, 34, 300 in ectopic pregnancy, 790 fetal, 781, 783, 784 maternal diabetes and, 801 in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616 in gastric lymphoma, 1618 in gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, 1619 in gestational trophoblastic disease, 791, 792 in heart disease. See Echocardiography in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in infertility workup, 768, 955 in insulinoma detection, 1172, 1240 intravascular, in angina, 354 in leiomyoma of uterus, 758 in liver cancer, 1604 in liver disease/jaundice, 664–665 in lower extremity edema, 34 in mesenteric ischemia, 471 in mitral regurgitation, 336t, 339 in mitral stenosis, 336t, 338 musculoskeletal, 1674 in myocardial infarction, 366 for ovarian cancer screening/ evaluation, 16, 764, 1710 in pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma, 1608 in pancreatitis, 712, 713, 716, 717 in patent ductus arteriosus, 333 pelvic, 1715 in peripheral artery aneurysms, 476 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 in postmenopausal bleeding, 749 during pregnancy, 781, 783, 784, 790 in prostate cancer for biopsy guidance, 1631, 1633f for screening, 1631 for staging, 1631 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 in pulmonary stenosis, 325, 326 in pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348 in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension, 437, 917 in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 in simple renal cysts, 934 in spontaneous abortion, 788 in testicular cancer, 1643 in tetralogy of Fallot, 331 in thyroid disorders hyperthyroidism, 1114 thyroid cancer, 1124t, 1128, 1129, 1132 thyroid nodules, 1105t, 1123, 1123–1124, 1124, 1124t thyroiditis, 1121 in tricuspid regurgitation, 336t tricuspid stenosis, 336t in urinary stone disease, 947 in valvular heart disease, 336t in varicose veins, 478 in ventricular septal defect, 330
in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/ gastrinoma, 620 Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, for varicose veins, 1720 Ultravate. See Halobetasol Ultraviolet (actinic) keratitis, 194 Ultraviolet light/sunlight exposure to actinic keratoses and, 117 basal cell carcinoma and, 142 herpes simplex recurrence and, 118 hyperpigmentation and, 156 hypersensitivity to (photosensitivity/ photodermatitis), 95t, 152–153. See also Photodermatitis/ photosensitivity in lupus/SLE, 114, 834 for osteoporosis/osteomalacia, 1146, 1151 in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 squamous cell carcinoma and, 143 vitamin D and, 1146, 1149, 1151 protection from in cancer prevention, 15, 99 in lupus/SLE, 114, 834 in photodermatitis, 153 in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 in rosacea, 128 sunscreens for, 99 vitamin D deficiency and, 1149 with psoralen. See PUVA therapy Umbilical cord blood, stem cells in, for transplantation, 533 Unasyn. See Ampicillin-sulbactam Uncinate (temporal lobe) lesions, 989–990 Undernutrition. See also Malnutrition; Nutritional disorders in elderly, 69–70 Underwater diving. See Scuba/deep sea diving Undescended testes. See Cryptorchism Undifferentiated schizophrenia, 1053 Unicuspid aortic valve, 341–342 Unilateral fold paralysis, 237–238 Unipolar disorder, endogenous, 1063. See also Depression Uniretic. See Moexipril, with hydrochlorothiazide United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 1202–1203 Unithiol, for mercury poisoning, 1583 Univasc. See Moexipril Universal precautions, 1284. See also Body substance isolation HIV infection/AIDS prevention and, 1334 Unlawful sexual intercourse (statutory rape), 777 Unoprostone, for glaucoma/ocular hypertension, 171t, 176 Unstable angina. See also Acute coronary syndromes b-blockers for, 363 calcium channel blockers for, 363 chest pain/discomfort in, 28, 28t, 29 clopidogrel for, 356, 361 revascularization procedures/PCI for, 364, 364t
index Unstable hemoglobins, 505 “Up and Go Test,” 65 Upper airway cough syndrome (postnasal drip), 21, 22, 22t, 23 Upper airway/respiratory tract disorders, 242 asthma differentiated from, 242, 248 foreign body, 238–239, 308 hemoptysis and, 27 obstruction, 242 obstructive sleep apnea, 231, 318, 318–319 thermal injury, smoke inhalation and, 307, 1550 Upper endoscopy. See Endoscopy Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, 1687–1689, 1689t Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 580–583. See also Gastrointestinal bleeding Upper gastrointestinal series in gastric adenocarcinoma, 1616 in peptic ulcer disease, 612 Upper motor neuron lesions. See also Motor neuron diseases spasticity and, 977, 1012 weakness caused by, 977 Upper respiratory tract infection. See Upper airway/respiratory tract disorders UPPP. See Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Urates/urate crystals, 809. See also Uric acid in chronic urate nephropathy, 813, 937 in gout, 812, 814, 1674 Urate (uric acid) nephropathy, 813, 936– 937 Urea hyperosmolality caused by, 877 lithium interactions and, 1074t Urea breath testing, in H pylori infection, 565, 609, 613 Urea clearance, GFR measurement and, 900, 901 Urea nitrogen. See Blood urea nitrogen Ureacin. See Urea Ureaplasma urealyticum, 1461 Uremia, 902, 909–910, 909t, 911f, 916. See also Hemolytic-uremic syndrome; Kidney disease/ injury; Renal failure coma in diabetic patient and, 1232t dialysis initiation and, 915 neuropathy associated with, 909t, 914, 1022–1023 platelet function affected in, 549t pruritus in, 145, 909t, 910 Uremic acidosis, 890, 891, 902 Uremic encephalopathy, 914 Uremic fetor, 910 Uremic frost, 910 Uremic pericarditis, 419, 420, 910, 912 Ureter cancer of, 1640 obstruction of. See also Urinary tract obstruction postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 stones causing, 947, 950 Ureteral stones, 947, 950. See also Urinary stone disease
tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by, 932 Ureteroscopic stone extraction, 950 Ureterosigmoidostomy, normal anion gap acidosis and, 892 Urethra, incompetence/obstruction of postrenal acute kidney injury and, 903 urinary incontinence and, 68, 69 Urethral discharge, 1290 in chlamydial urethritis, 1462 in epididymitis, 944 in gonorrhea, 1452 STDs causing, 1290 Urethritis, 1290, 1303t adenoviruses causing, 1402 atrophic, urinary incontinence and, 67 chlamydial, 1301t, 1303t, 1461–1462 dysuria caused by, 43 in epididymitis, 944 gonococcal, 1303t, 1452 postgonococcal, 1453, 1462 STDs causing, 1290 Trichomonas causing, 1510 Urethrocele, 762 Urge incontinence, 68, 68–69 Urgencies, hypertensive, 433, 460–463, 461t, 462t. See also Hypertensive emergencies Urgency, urinary. See Irritative voiding symptoms; Urge incontinence Uric acid. See also Hyperuricemia acute tubular necrosis/kidney injury and, 905 calcium nephrolithiasis and, 948–949 diuretics affecting, 446 in gout, 812, 812–813, 813–814, 813t, 936 reducing levels of, 815–816 kidney disease and, 812, 813, 816, 905, 910t, 936–937 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t in psoriatic arthritis, 856 reference values for, 1735t in tumor lysis syndrome, 1647 uric acid nephrolithiasis/nephropathy and, 813, 936–937, 946, 947, 948, 949 Uric acid crystals. See Urates/urate crystals Uric acid (urate) nephropathy, 813, 936–937 Uric acid urinary stones (calculi), 813, 936–937, 946, 947, 948, 949 Uricase, for hyperuricemia/gout, 816 Uricosuric drugs, 815–816 Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene for, chronic pancreatitis and, 715 hyperbilirubinemia and, 662 Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT 1A1) variants, clinical relevance of testing for, 1726t Urinalysis, 898–899, 899t. See also specific disorder for drug detection, 1079 marijuana, 1085 in dysuria evaluation, 43 in fluid and electrolyte disorders, 870
CMDT 2013
1937
in glomerulonephritis/nephritic spectrum disorders, 898, 902t, 907–908, 922 in nephrotic spectrum disorders, 898, 927 Urinary anion gap. See also Anion gap/ anion gap acidosis in normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893 Urinary antigen test, Lyme, 1480 Urinary bladder. See Bladder Urinary calculi. See Urinary stone disease Urinary casts, 898, 899t. See also specific type in acute kidney injury/tubular necrosis, 902t, 905 in chronic kidney disease, 910 in glomerulonephritis, 898, 902t, 907–908 in interstitial nephritis, 902t, 907 Urinary chloride, in metabolic alkalosis, 894 Urinary cytology in bladder cancer, 1639 in ureteral/renal pelvic cancer, 1640 Urinary disorders. See also specific type adverse ophthalmic effects of drugs used in, 196t Urinary diversion, after cystectomy, 1639 Urinary frequency. See Irritative voiding symptoms Urinary incontinence, 67–69 benign prostatic hyperplasia and, 68, 69, 958t, 960 biofeedback in management of, 68, 69 in elderly, 67–69 estrogen replacement therapy and, 1183 in pelvic organ prolapse, 762 prostatectomy and, 958t, 960, 1634 during sleep. See Enuresis spinal trauma and, 1018 Urinary retention in acute bacterial prostatitis, 942 antipsychotics causing, 1059 Urinary sphincter, dysfunction of, in spinal trauma, 1018 Urinary stone disease, 946–950, 947t. See also Nephrolithiasis calcium nephrolithiasis and, 946, 947, 948–949, 1139, 1141, 1146 Crohn disease and, 641 cystine stones and, 946, 947, 949 hyperparathyroidism and, 946, 947, 948–949, 1139, 1141 medical treatment/recurrence prevention and, 948–949 metabolic analysis and, 947 in polycystic kidney disease, 935 in renal tubular acidosis, 892, 946–947 struvite stones and, 946, 947, 949 surgical treatment of, 950 tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by, 932 uric acid stones and, 813, 936–937, 946, 947, 948, 949 Urinary tract infection, 43–45, 44f, 939– 945, 940t, 1303t. See also Cystitis; Pyelonephritis chronic prostatitis and, 943
1938
CMDT 2013
Urinary tract infection (Cont.): dysuria and, 43–45, 44f E coli causing, 1299t, 1302t, 1303t health care (hospital)-associated, 1282, 1284 incontinence and, 67 kidney injury and, 910t, 932 in polycystic kidney disease, 934–935, 935 during pregnancy, 803–804 in schistosomiasis, 1511 struvite calculi and, 946, 947, 949 vesicoureteral reflux and, 932 Urinary tract obstruction kidney injury and, 903, 910t tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 Urinary urgency. See Irritative voiding symptoms; Urge incontinence Urination. See Voiding Urine acidification of, in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 alkalinization of for cystine calculi, 949 for lithium overdose/toxicity, 1073 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 for salicylate toxicity, 1589 for uric acid calculi, 949 candida in, 1529, 1530 ketones in. See Ketonuria osmolality of. See Osmolality, urine pH of calcium stones and, 947, 949 cystine calculi and, 947, 949 manipulation of in poisoning/drug overdose, 1567 in normal anion gap/renal tubular acidosis, 892, 892t, 893 stone disease and, 947 struvite calculi and, 947, 949 uric acid calculi and, 947, 949 sodium in. See Sodium, urine for toxicology screening, 1569–1570 Urine culture, in dysuria evaluation, 43 Urine output in acute kidney injury, 901, 903 in acute tubular necrosis, 905, 906 in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 incontinence in elderly and, 67–68 monitoring in burn care, 1551 in heat stroke, 1548 in oliguria, 903 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t, 794, 795 Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, 899. See also Proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, 908 Urodynamic studies in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 957 in interstitial cystitis, 945–946 in prostatodynia, 944 Urofollitropins, for male infertility, 1097 Urokinase. See also Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism, 303, 562t Urolithiasis, 946–950, 947t. See also Nephrolithiasis; Urinary stone disease
index Urologic disorders, 938–961. See also Genitourinary system, disorders of Uropathy, obstructive postrenal, 903 tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 Uroporphyrins, in porphyria cutanea tarda, 122 Urosepsis, 43. See also Urinary tract infection Urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder, 1638 of ureter/renal pelvis, 1641 Ursodeoxycholic acid for biliary cirrhosis, 693–694 for cholelithiasis/gallstones, 704 for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 807 for primary sclerosing cholangitis, 710 Urticaria, 132–134, 133f, 866 ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy and, 132 antihistamines for, 99, 133 cholinergic, 133 cold, 133 drugs causing, 133, 159t desensitization reaction and, 1307 insect bites/stings causing, 133, 149 transfusion causing, 535 Urticating hairs, skin lesions caused by, 149 Ustekinumab, for psoriasis, 108 Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 293, 294t, 295 Uterine bleeding. See Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding Uterine suspension, for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Uterine tubes, ligation of, 777 Uterus cancer of. See Endometrial carcinoma disorders of, amenorrhea in, 1179, 1180–1181 gravid. See Pregnancy leiomyoma (fibroid tumor) of, 757–759 perforation of by IUD, 774 peripartum infection of, 798 UVA therapy, with psoralen. See PUVA therapy UVB therapy. See also Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis, 104 for lichen planus, 144 for psoriasis, 107 Uveitis, 165t, 177–178 in ankylosing spondylitis, 855 anterior (iritis), 165t, 173, 177, 177–178, 178 in Behçet syndrome, 178, 853 immune recovery, 187 in leptospirosis, 1477 posterior, 177, 178 in syphilis, 178, 1469 in toxoplasmosis, 178, 1501 Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, for sleep apnea, 319 V1/V2 vasopressin receptors, in diabetes insipidus, 1098 V2 vasopressin receptor antagonists, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875
V617F mutation, 1732t in hepatic vein obstruction (BuddChiari syndrome), 698 in noncirrhotic portal hypertension, 700 V/Q scans. See Ventilation-perfusion scans v wave in constrictive pericarditis, 422 in heart failure, 399 VA. See Visual acuity vacA gene, in H pylori gastritis, 609 Vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin. See BCG vaccine Vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPV), 1372, 1374 Vaccine-preventable infections, 3, 1367– 1375. See also specific type Vaccines. See specific type and Immunization Vaccinia, 1403–1404 in atopic dermatitis/eczema patients, 104, 1403, 1404 monkeypox prevention and, 1404 smallpox vaccination and, 1403, 1404 Vaccinia immune globulin, 1404 Vaccinia syndrome, acute, 1403 Vacuum erection device, for erectile dysfunction, 953, 1227 VADT (Veteran Administration Diabetes Trial), 1204 Vagal nerve. See Vagus nerve Vagal nerve stimulation for depression, 1071 for seizures, 974 Vagifem, 1184 Vagina. See also under Vaginal anaerobic flora/infection of, 1455–1456 inflammation/infection of. See Vaginitis/vulvovaginitis pH of, 751 Vaginal atrophy. See Atrophic vaginitis Vaginal bleeding abnormal premenopausal, 747–749 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 in cervical cancer, 757 in endometrial carcinoma, 749, 759 leiomyomas causing, 758 normal menstrual, 747. See also Menstruation postmenopausal, 749 during pregnancy ectopic pregnancy and, 790 gestational trophoblastic disease and, 791 third-trimester, 797 in spontaneous abortion, 788, 789 Vaginal cancer, Pap smear in screening for, 16 Vaginal cones, for urinary incontinence, 69 Vaginal discharge, 1290. See also Vaginitis/vulvovaginitis STDs causing, 1290 Vaginal dryness. See Atrophic vaginitis Vaginal estrogen, 780, 1184 Vaginal hernias (pelvic organ prolapse), 762 Vaginal pessary. See Pessary
index Vaginal ring contraceptive, 773 for estrogen replacement therapy, 780, 1184 Vaginal ultrasound. See Ultrasonography Vaginal vault suspension, for pelvic organ prolapse, 762 Vaginal warts, 752, 753. See also Venereal (genital) warts Vaginismus, 767, 1050, 1051 Vaginitis/vulvovaginitis, 751–753, 751f, 1290. See also Vulvovaginal candidiasis atrophic. See Atrophic vaginitis dysuria and, 43 gonococcal, 1452 sexual pain caused by, 767 STDs causing, 1290 Trichomonas vaginalis causing, 751, 752f, 753, 1510–1511 Vaginosis, bacterial, 751–752, 752f, 753 rape/sexual assault in transmission of, 1291 Vagus nerve hiccups caused by irritation of, 569 lesion/damage of, vocal fold paralysis and, 237–238 stimulation of. See Vagal nerve stimulation Valacyclovir, 1354t for herpes simplex infections, 118–119, 173, 598, 1330, 1338t, 1352, 1354t, 1355 for herpes zoster, 120, 173, 1331, 1339t, 1354t, 1359 prophylactic/suppressive, 118, 119 Valcyte. See Valganciclovir Valganciclovir, 1354t for CMV infection, 187, 598, 1280, 1281, 1338t, 1354t, 1365, 1366 Valgus stress test, 1695t, 1698 Valium. See Diazepam Valosin-containing protein gene mutation, in Paget disease, 1152 Valproic acid/valproate, 972, 973t, 1074, 1724t for aggressive/violent patient, 1078 for bipolar disease/mania, 1074 lithium interactions and, 1074t for migraine prophylaxis, 964t, 1074 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1074, 1569t, 1573 hemodialysis for, 1568t, 1574 for panic attacks, 1044, 1074 pregnancy and, 803, 972, 1074 for seizures, 972, 973t status epilepticus and, 974 teratogenic effects of, 803, 972, 1074 Valsalva maneuver heart murmurs affected by, 337t palpitations affected by, 31 for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 382 response to in syncope, 397 Valsartan for heart failure, 402 for hypertension, 452t with aliskiren, 452t
with amlodipine, 452t with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, 452t with hydrochlorothiazide, 452t for myocardial infarction, 371 Valtrex. See Valacyclovir Valturna. See Aliskiren, with valsartan Valve replacement, 349–350 anticoagulation after, 343, 349 endocarditis and, 1439 pregnancy and, 349 for aortic regurgitation, 345 for aortic stenosis, 343–344 choice and management of prosthetic valves for, 349–350 coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and, 1428 for endocarditis, 349, 1439 for mitral regurgitation, 340, 349 for mitral stenosis, 338 before planned noncardiac surgery, 49 for pulmonary stenosis, 326, 349 for pulmonary valve regurgitation, 348, 349 for tricuspid regurgitation, 347, 349 for tricuspid stenosis, 346, 349 Valves cardiac. See also Prosthetic heart valves; Valve replacement; Valvular heart disease endocarditis affecting, 338, 1435, 1437, 1439. See also Endocarditis venous, incompetence of chronic venous insufficiency and, 33, 480, 481 varicose veins and, 478 Valvular heart disease, 333–350, 334– 336t, 337t. See also specific type in alkaptonuria, 1665 endocarditis and, 1435. See also Endocarditis Q fever, 1415, 1416 in Marfan syndrome, 345, 428, 1670, 1671 pregnancy and, 338, 349, 431 preoperative evaluation/perioperative management and, 49 rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease and, 333, 337, 417, 418–419 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187 Valvular papillary fibroelastoma, 427 Valvular rupture, 428 Valvuloplasty, 349 for aortic stenosis, 343, 349 for mitral stenosis, 338, 349 before planned noncardiac surgery, 49 during pregnancy, 349 for pulmonary stenosis, 326 Vancocin. See Vancomycin Vancomycin, 1724t for anthrax, 1433t for antibiotic-associated colitis, 637, 638 for endocarditis, 1421, 1437, 1438, 1439 for meningitis, 1286t nephrotoxicity of, 904
CMDT 2013
1939
for pneumonia, 273, 273t, 277t red man syndrome caused by, 867 resistance to, 273 Vandetanib, 1655t Vanicream, 94, 103 Vanillylmandelic acid, urinary, reference values for, 1735t Vaniqua. See Eflornithine Vantin. See Cefpodoxime VAP. See Ventilator-associated pneumonia Vaqta. See Hepatitis A vaccine Vardenafil for erectile dysfunction, 952, 1051 antidepressant-induced, 1051, 1067 in diabetes, 1226 nitrate/nitroglycerin contraindications and, 370, 952, 1051, 1226 Varenicline, for smoking cessation, 8, 1593 Variant (Prinzmetal) angina, 360 Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 1381– 1382, 1382. See also Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Varicella (chickenpox), 1356–1361, 1357t, 1358f during pregnancy/congenital, 804–805, 1359 prevention/immunization and. See Varicella vaccine reactivation of, 119–120, 120f, 1357. See also Herpes zoster Varicella vaccine, 5, 120, 1308t, 1309t, 1310t, 1359 adverse effects/contraindications and, 1317t immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS and, 5, 1309t, 1314, 1360 postexposure, 1360 pregnancy and, 786, 1309t, 1360 Varicella-zoster immune globulin, 1360 for newborn, 805, 1360 during pregnancy, 805, 1360 Varicella zoster virus, 1356. See also Herpes zoster; Varicella Bell palsy caused by, 1028, 1359 immunization against. See Herpes zoster vaccine; Varicella vaccine infection with during pregnancy, 804–805, 1359 reactivation of, 119–120, 120f, 1357. See also Herpes zoster Varicocele, in infertility, 769, 954–955, 955 Varicose veins (varicosities/varices), 478–479 esophageal. See Esophageal varices GI bleeding from, 581, 601–604 portal hypertension/portal hypertensive gastropathy causing, 581, 601 leg ulcers and, 153, 479 pelvic, pain and, 1715 treatment of in women, 1720 venous insufficiency/stasis and, 479, 481 Variegate porphyria, 1022 Varilrix. See Varicella vaccine Variola (smallpox), 1357t, 1403–1404
1940
CMDT 2013
Variola (smallpox) vaccination, 1403–1404 atopic dermatitis/eczema and, 104, 1403, 1404 VARIVAX. See Varicella vaccine VariZIG. See Varicella-zoster immune globulin Varus stress test, 1696t, 1698 Vas deferens absence of, in cystic fibrosis/infertility, 267, 955 obstruction of, in male infertility, 955–956 Vasa previa, third-trimester bleeding caused by, 797 Vascular access. See also Arterial lines; Catheters/intravenous lines in burn care, 1550 Vascular dementia, 59, 1008t hypertension and, 439 Vascular disorders (vascular occlusion/ anomalies), 464–483. See also specific type or vessel affected and Vasculitis acute kidney injury and, 902 arterial aneurysms, 472–478 atherosclerotic, 464–471 homocysteine/ hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668–1669 chronic kidney disease and, 909t, 911, 912 in diabetes mellitus, 356, 1197, 1227–1228 aspirin in prevention of, 1203, 1227 foot ulcers/gangrene and, 154, 467, 1227–1228 glycemic control and, 356, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204 hypertension control and, 433, 442t, 443, 457, 458, 1202, 1203, 1227 erectile dysfunction and, 464, 951, 952, 953 GI bleeding and, 581, 584 glomerulonephritis and, 306, 849, 851, 907 headache and, 41, 966 hepatic vein Budd-Chiari syndrome, 697–699 sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 683, 698 in hypertension, 439 nonatherosclerotic, 471–472 osteomyelitis and, 154, 862 in preeclampsia-eclampsia, 793t pregnancy and, 431 in Q fever, 1416 seizures caused by, 969 shock and, 485–489, 485t in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 spinal cord, 988–989 transient ischemic attacks and, 977 venous, 478–483 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibitors of. See Anti-VEGF therapy Vascular loops, 213 Vascular reconstruction. See Bypass grafting
index Vasculitis, 844–854, 845t. See also specific disorder allergic, drugs causing, 159t brain and spinal cord involvement and (primary angiitis of central nervous system), 854 cancer and, 864 coronary artery involvement and, 428 glomerulonephritis in, 919t, 921f pulmonary, 306 asthma differentiated from, 248 retinal, 178. See also Uveitis retinal artery occlusion and, 183 in rheumatoid arthritis, 827 in SLE, 833 urticarial, 133 Vasectomy, 777 Vaseretic. See Enalapril, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide Vasoactive drug therapy for dysautonomia, 976 in erectile dysfunction, 952, 952–953 in diabetes, 1226–1227 diagnosis and, 952 for esophageal varices, 602 for shock, 487–488 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tumors secreting (VIPoma), 1172, 1189 diarrhea and, 580, 1172, 1189 Vasodepressor syncope, 396 Vasodilator therapy for heart failure, 404 left ventricular (infarct-related), 373 for hypertension, 453, 456t, 458t in urgencies/emergencies, 462t for pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424, 425f Vasodilatory (distributive) shock, 485, 485t, 488 Vasography, in male infertility, 955 Vasomotor disorders in menopause (hot flushes), 779, 779–780, 1181, 1186 estrogen replacement therapy for, 779–780, 1182 topical progesterone for, 1185 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167, 1168t rhinitis, 218, 219 syncope (vasovagal syncope), 396 Vaso-occlusive episodes, in sickle cell syndromes, 503, 504 pregnancy and, 799 Vasopressin. See also Antidiuretic hormone; Desmopressin in diabetes insipidus, 1098 for shock, 488 in volume overload, 877 Vasopressin challenge test, in diabetes insipidus, 1099 Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus, 1098 Vasopressin V1/V2 receptors, in diabetes insipidus, 1098 Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, for hyponatremia/SIADH, 875 Vasopressinase, diabetes insipidus caused by, 1098 Vasospasm. See also Vasomotor disorders
coronary, 359–360 in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 1167, 1168t in Raynaud phenomenon, 836, 837 subarachnoid hemorrhage and, 985 Vasotec. See Enalapril; Enalaprilat Vasovagal syncope, 396 Vater, ampulla of. See Ampulla of Vater VATS. See Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery VC (vital capacity), forced. See FVC vCJD. See Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease VDPV. See Vaccine-derived polio virus VDRL test, 659, 1466, 1466t on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-VDRL), 1473 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1335 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1334, 1335 for rape victim, 778 Vectibix. See Panitumumab Vegetarians/vegans diet in pregnancy/lactation and, 785, 786 dietary vitamin B12 deficiency in, 497 Vegetative state, persistent, 1016 Vegetectomy, for endocarditis, 1439 Vein stripping, for varicose veins, 479, 1720 Veins deep, thrombosis of. See Deep venous thrombosis disorders of, 478–483. See also under Venous and Veno-occlusive disease superficial, thrombophlebitis involving, 479–480 varicose. See Varicose veins Velban. See Vinblastine Velcade. See Bortezomib VEMPs. See Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials Vemurafenib, 1655t Vena cava, superior, obstruction of, 482–483 in lung cancer, 482, 1597 Vena cava filters/interruption, for pulmonary embolism, 303, 563 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test. See VDRL test Venereal infections. See Sexually transmitted diseases Venereal (genital) warts, 139, 140, 140f, 141, 752, 753 anorectal involvement and, 139, 140f, 659 cervical/vaginal/vulvar, 752, 753 HPV vaccination in prevention of, 4, 140, 659, 1709 imiquimod for removal of, 140, 753 podophyllum resin for removal of, 140, 753 Venezuelan equine encephalitis, 1378–1380 Venlafaxine, 1067, 1068, 1070t for anxiety, 1043 in elderly, 63 MAOI interactions and, 1585 for neuropathic pain, 84t, 85, 1021, 1067
index overdose/toxicity of, 1068, 1070t, 1591–1592 during pregnancy, 1067–1068 Venography in DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 300 in superior vena caval obstruction, 482 Venomous insect bites/stings, 149 anaphylaxis caused by, 866 myocarditis caused by, 409t Venomous snake bites, 1566t, 1589–1590 myocarditis caused by, 409t Veno-occlusive disease hepatic Budd-Chiari syndrome, 697–699 sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 683, 698 pulmonary hypertension and, 304–305, 423t, 424 Venous access. See Catheters/intravenous lines Venous blood gases, in acid-base disorders, 889 Venous catheterization. See Catheters/ intravenous lines Venous disease, 478–483. See also specific type and Veno-occlusive disease; Venous insufficiency/ stasis Venous insufficiency/stasis, 33, 34, 480–482 DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease), 33, 33t, 34, 297, 480, 481 leg ulcers and, 33, 34, 153–155, 154f, 481 osteomyelitis and, 154, 862 lower extremity edema and, 33, 34, 481 varicose veins and, 479, 481 Venous pressure central. See Central venous pressure elevated, in superior vena cava obstruction/syndrome, 482 in lower extremity edema and, 33 normal, 33 Venous reflux in chronic venous insufficiency, 480, 481 in varicose veins, 478, 479 Venous sinus thrombosis cancer-related, 994 in pseudotumor cerebri, 995 Venous stasis. See Venous insufficiency/ stasis Venous thromboembolic disease, 555 air travel and, 34, 1560 in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 799, 835, 836 cancer-associated, 301t, 1596t chest pain/discomfort and, 28, 29, 29–30, 298, 298t, 355 of deep veins. See Deep venous thrombosis detection of, 33, 33t, 300 pulmonary embolism diagnosis and, 300, 301t in essential thrombocytosis, 513 estrogen replacement therapy and, 780, 1183
fever and, 1283 in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 849 in homocystinuria, 1669 hypercoagulability and, 297 intracranial, 988. See also Stroke in nephrotic syndrome/nephrotic spectrum disorders, 928 oral contraceptive use and, 770 prevention of, 301, 555–556, 556t, 557t, 558t pulmonary embolism and, 297, 300, 301, 301t, 555. See also Pulmonary venous thromboembolism risk/risk stratification and, 33, 33t, 297, 297–301, 298t, 301f, 301t, 302t, 555–556, 556–557, 556t, 560t treatment of, 301–303, 556–563 anticoagulation in, 301–303, 556– 562, 559t, 560t, 561t, 562t nonpharmacologic therapy in, 563 thrombolytic therapy in, 303, 556, 562–563, 562t Venous thrombophlebitis, superficial, 479–480 Venous valves, incompetence of chronic venous insufficiency and, 33, 480, 481 varicose veins and, 478 Venovenous/continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, for poisoning/drug overdose, 1567–1568 Ventilation disorders of control of, 317–319. See also Hyperventilation; Hypoventilation mechanical. See Mechanical ventilation Ventilation-perfusion scans, 299–300 in COPD, 260t in cor pulmonale, 426 in pulmonary embolism, 299–300, 300, 302t chest pain evaluation and, 29 in pulmonary hypertension, 305, 424 Ventilator-associated pneumonia, 275– 278, 277t, 321, 1283, 1284 Ventricular aneurysm, myocardial infarction and, 375 Ventricular arrhythmias. See also specific type in cardiomyopathy, 391, 411, 412, 414 catheter ablation of, 380 differentiation of from aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats, 381, 391 in myocardial infarction, 365, 372–373 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/ treatment and, 371, 372–373 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564, 1564t Ventricular assist devices, 406 for cardiomyopathy, 413 for infectious myocarditis, 410 Ventricular cysts, in cysticercosis, 1515 Ventricular dysfunction/failure. See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure
CMDT 2013
1941
Ventricular fibrillation, 392–393 catheter ablation of, 380 in myocardial infarction, 365, 373, 392 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/ treatment and, 371, 373 sudden death caused by, 392–393 treatment of, 378–379t, 392 Ventricular gallop. See Heart sounds Ventricular noncompaction, 411 Ventricular premature beats (ventricular extrasystoles/premature ventricular contractions/ PVCs), 390 in infectious myocarditis, 410 in myocardial infarction, 372 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564t treatment of, 378t, 390 Ventricular rate control. See Rate control Ventricular reduction surgery, for heart failure, 406 Ventricular septal aneurysm, 330 Ventricular septal defect, 329–330 Ventricular tachycardia, 390–392. See also Torsades de pointes catheter ablation of, 380, 391 driving recommendations and, 397–398 in myocardial infarction, 365, 373, 391 antiarrhythmic prophylaxis/ treatment and, 371, 373 palpitations and, 31 in poisoning/drug overdose, 1564, 1564t preoperative evaluation/perioperative management of, 49 treatment of, 378–379t, 391–392 Ventriculoencephalitis, CMV, 1364 Vepesid. See Etoposide Verapamil, 454t. See also Calcium channel blocking drugs for acute coronary syndromes, 363 for angina, 356 for arrhythmias, 379t atrial fibrillation, 386 supraventricular tachycardia, 379t, 382 for hypertension, 453, 454t with trandolapril, 451t for islet cell tumors/insulinomas, 1241 for migraine prophylaxis, 964t overdose/toxicity of, 379t, 454t, 1576 Verbal utterances, in schizophrenia/ psychotic disorders, 1054 Verbigeration, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, 1054 Verelan/Verelan PM. See Verapamil Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, 167 Verner–Morrison syndrome, 1172, 1189 Verocell rabies vaccine, 1377 Verrucae. See Warts Versed. See Midazolam Vertebrae. See Spinal cord; Spine Vertebral artery occlusion, in stroke, 981 Vertebral compression/fracture back pain caused by, 819, 1683 in osteoporosis, 1144, 1710 in Paget disease, 1152, 1153
1942
CMDT 2013
Vertebral osteomyelitis, 861–862, 862, 1426 back pain and, 819, 820, 1426 epidural abscess and, 861–862, 862, 1426 injection drug use and, 861–862, 1292 Vertebrobasilar insufficiency/obstruction stroke caused by, 980t, 981 transient ischemic attacks caused by, 469, 978 vertigo caused by, 210t, 213 Vertigo, 209–212, 209t, 210t in audiovestibular disorders, 208, 210t, 212–213 barotrauma and, 202, 203 benign paroxysmal positioning (BPPV), 210t, 211 central causes of, 209t, 210, 210t, 212, 212–213 cervical, 211–212 in labyrinthitis, 210–211, 210t in Ménière syndrome, 210, 210t migrainous, 210t, 212 mixed central and peripheral causes of, 209t in multiple sclerosis, 210t, 213 in perilymphatic fistula, 210t, 211 peripheral causes of, 209–210, 209t, 210–212 in superior semicircular canal dehiscence, 212 traumatic, 211 vascular compromise causing, 213 in vestibular neuronitis, 210t, 211 vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neurinoma) causing, 210t, 212 Very-low-calorie diets, in obesity management, 1260 Very-low-density lipoproteins/cholesterol, 1246. See also Triglycerides in atherosclerosis/heart disease, 1245, 1246 lowering levels of. See Lipid-lowering therapy Vesanoid. See Tretinoin Vesicoureteral reflux, tubulointerstitial disease caused by, 932 Vesicular dermatoses, 95t, 118–123. See also specific type Vesiculobullous hand eczema/ vesiculobullous dermatitis of palms and soles (pompholyx), 121–122, 121f tinea differentiated from, 113 Vestibular disorders (vestibulopathy), 209t, 210, 210t, 212, 212–213 autoimmune hearing loss and, 208, 210t central, 209t, 210, 210t, 212, 212–213 nausea and vomiting caused by, 86, 567t neuronitis, 210t, 211 peripheral, 209–210, 209t, 210–212 schwannoma. See Schwannoma, vestibular vertigo in, 209–212, 209t, 210t, 212– 213. See also Vertigo Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), in vertigo, 210
index Vestibulitis nasal, 217 vulvar, 767 Veteran Administration Diabetes Trial (VADT), 1204 Vexol. See Rimexolone VFend. See Voriconazole VHL. See von Hippel-Lindau syndrome VHL gene, in pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma, 1168 Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi CPS) vaccine. See Typhoid vaccine Viagra. See Sildenafil Vibration sense, disorders of, in tabes dorsalis, 1472 Vibrio, 1300t, 1448–1449 alginolyticus, 1448, 1449 cholerae, 1293, 1295t, 1300t, 1448. See also Cholera immunization against, 1314–1315, 1448 diarrhea/food poisoning caused by, 574t, 576, 1293, 1298, 1448 parahaemolyticus, 574t, 1293, 1294t, 1448, 1449 vulnificus, 1448, 1449 Vicodin. See Hydrocodone Victoza. See Liraglutide Vidarabine, 1354t Vidaza. See Azacitidine Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for hepatic hydrothorax, 688 in lung cancer diagnosis, 1597 in mesothelioma diagnosis, 1602 for pulmonary effusion/tamponade, 421 for pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised host, 279 for solitary pulmonary nodule, 291 Videoesophagography, 592 Videonystagmography (VNG), in vertigo, 210 Videx. See Didanosine Vidian nerve, in vasomotor rhinitis, 218 Vigabatrin, overdose/toxicity of, 1573 ophthalmic effects and, 196t Vigamox. See Moxifloxacin Viibryd. See Vilazodone Vilazodone, 1067, 1070t Vildagliptin, 1207t, 1213 VIN. See Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Vinblastine, 1652t for Kaposi sarcoma, 145, 1339t for renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Vinca alkaloids, 1652t neuropathy caused by, 1661 Vincent angina (necrotizing ulcerative/ fusospirochetal gingivitis), 226 Vincristine, 1652t adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t neuropathy caused by, 1661 Raynaud phenomenon caused by, 837 Vinorelbine, 1652t Vinyl chloride exposure, liver cancer and, 1604 Vioform. See Iodoquinol Violence, 1078–1079. See also Rape
alcohol use/abuse and, 1078, 1079 anabolic steroid use and, 1078, 1086 domestic, 17, 1078, 1079 elder abuse and, 17 intimate partner, 17, 1078, 1079, 1711–1712 prevention of, 17, 1712 phencyclidine use/abuse and, 1055, 1078, 1084 prevention of, 17 VIP. See Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide VIPomas, 1172, 1189 diarrhea and, 580, 1172, 1189 Vira-A. See Vidarabine Viracept. See Nelfinavir Viral diseases, 1350–1408. See also specific type adenovirus, 1401–1402 arthritis and, 861 blood transfusion in transmission of, 535–536 conjunctivitis, 164–165 diarrhea/gastroenteritis, 574t, 575, 1293, 1330, 1404–1405 drug therapy for, 1353–1354t enterovirus, 1356t, 1405–1408 exanthematous, 1356–1357t, 1402–1404 hepatitis. See Hepatitis herpesvirus, 1350–1367 meningitis. See Aseptic meningitis myocarditis in, 409, 409t neurotropic, 1376–1384 pericarditis, 419, 420 respiratory, 1393–1401 rhinosinusitis (common cold), 213–214, 1401 bacterial rhinosinusitis and, 213, 214 cough in, 21 systemic, 1384–1393 vaccine-preventable, 1367–1375 Viral load tests (HIV). See HIV viral load tests Viramune/Viramune XR. See Nevirapine Virchow node, 1616 Virchow triad, 297 Viread. See Tenofovir Viridans streptococci, 1299t, 1422 endocarditis caused by, 1302t, 1422, 1435, 1437–1438 Virilization, 1161–1164 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 765, 1162 Viroptic. See Trifluridine Virtual colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and evaluation/polyp identification, 16, 653, 1624, 1626t, 1628 in diverticular disease, 651, 652 Viruses. See Viral diseases Visceral artery endarterectomy, for visceral ischemia, 471 Visceral artery insufficiency, 470–471 Visceral hypersensitivity (heightened visceral nociception) chest pain/discomfort and, 606–607 irritable bowel syndrome and, 633 Visceral ischemia, 470–471 Visceral larva migrans, 1523
index Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), 1487, 1487–1488, 1488, 1488–1489 dermal leishmaniasis after, 1487–1488 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1488 Viscerotropic disease leishmaniasis, 1488. See also Visceral leishmaniasis yellow fever vaccine-associated, 1316, 1390 Viscocanalostomy, for glaucoma, 177 Visicol. See Sodium phosphate Vision double. See Diplopia impaired/blurred. See Visual impairment/loss Visken. See Pindolol Vistaril. See Hydroxyzine Visual acuity assessment of in elderly, 72 in optic neuritis, 188, 188–189 reduced. See Visual impairment/loss in retinal artery occlusion, 183 in retinal vein occlusion, 182 in vitreous hemorrhage, 180 Visual field defects/loss. See also Visual impairment/loss in dysthyroid eye disease, 1112 in glaucoma, 176, 177 in headache, 41–42, 963 intracranial tumors causing, 990, 991 in ischemic optic neuropathy, 188 in optic neuritis, 188 in retinal artery occlusion, 183 in retinal detachment, 180 in stroke, 981 in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 in transient monocular blindness, 184, 469 Visual impairment/loss. See also Visual field defects/loss in acute angle-closure glaucoma, 174, 175 in age-related macular degeneration, 181 antipsychotics causing, 1059 in blood dyscrasias, 186–187 in botulism, 1034, 1431 cataract causing, 179 in diabetes, 185–186, 185f, 1197, 1197t, 1201, 1223 in elderly, 72 episodic, in transient monocular blindness, 184, 469 in giant cell arteritis, 845, 845–846, 846 in glaucoma, 174, 175, 176, 177 in headache, 41–42, 963 in ischemic optic neuropathy, 188 onchocerciasis causing, 1526–1527 in optic neuritis, 188 in pseudotumor cerebri, 995 refractive errors causing, 162–163 in retinal artery occlusion, 183 in retinal detachment, 180 in retinal vein occlusion, 182 in stroke, 981 in Sturge-Weber syndrome, 997 in thyroid disease. See Dysthyroid eye disease in trachoma, 165–166
in transient monocular blindness, 184, 469, 981 in uveitis, 178 in vitamin A deficiency, 1266, 1267 in vitreous hemorrhage, 180 Visuospatial impairment, in dementia, 1006 Vital capacity, forced. See FVC Vitamin A. See also Beta-carotene deficiency of, 1266–1267 toxicity of, 1267 ophthalmic effects and, 197t Vitamin B1. See Thiamine Vitamin B2. See Riboflavin Vitamin B3. See Niacin Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency of, 1265–1266 homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668, 1669 for isoniazid overdose/toxicity, 285, 285–286, 286, 805, 1566t, 1581 toxicity of, 1266 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin), 497 deficiency of, 497–498, 497t in bacterial overgrowth, 497, 624, 625 dementia and, 60, 498, 1007 fish tapeworm infection and, 497, 1514 folic acid deficiency and, 498, 499 neuropathy associated with, 498, 1023 pernicious anemia and, 497, 498, 610 short bowel syndrome/ileal resection and, 497, 625 subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord caused by, 1013 thrombocytopenia associated with, 540 homocystinuria/ hyperhomocysteinemia and, 1668, 1669 serum levels of in polycythemia, 512 reference values for, 1735t in vitamin B12 deficiency, 497 supplemental, 498 during pregnancy/lactation, 785, 786, 787 for short bowel syndrome, 625 for subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, 1013 Vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling test), short bowel syndrome/ ileal resection and, 625 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in chemoprevention, 11, 23 deficiency of, 1266 toxicity of, 1266 Vitamin D, 1149, 1267 adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t deficiency of/resistance to, 1149, 1150, 1151 in chronic kidney disease/renal osteodystrophy, 912, 912f in cirrhosis, 687 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1328
CMDT 2013
1943
in hyperparathyroidism, 1140, 1142, 1143 in hypocalcemia, 882 in osteomalacia, 912, 1149, 1150 in osteoporosis, 1145, 1710 dietary/supplementary, 1146, 1151, 1267 hypercalcemia and, 107, 884, 1141–1142, 1151 for hyperparathyroidism, 1140, 1143–1144 for hypocalcemia/ hypoparathyroidism/tetany, 882, 1137, 1137t, 1138 for metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 913 for osteomalacia, 1151 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 11, 66, 67t, 780, 1146, 1710 in hypercalcemia, 107, 883, 884, 1141–1142, 1151 in hypercalciuria, 884, 947t, 948 hypophosphatemia/hypophosphatemic rickets and, 878t, 1149, 1150, 1151 in Paget disease of bone, 1152 phosphate metabolism and, 884, 885 receptors for, 1149 reference values for, 1735t sun exposure and, 1146, 1149, 1151 Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol/ergosterol), 1149. See also Vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, 1137t, 1138 for vitamin D deficiency/osteomalacia, 1151 Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 1149. See also Vitamin D in hypercalcemia, 883, 884, 1141–1142 for hypoparathyroidism, 1137t for vitamin D deficiency/osteomalacia, 1151 Vitamin D analogs. See also Vitamin D for hyperparathyroidism, 1143–1144 for psoriasis, 107 Vitamin D-dependent rickets, 1149 Vitamin D-resistant (hypophosphatemic) rickets, 878t, 1150, 1151 Vitamin E in chemoprevention, 11 deficiency of, 1012, 1267 toxicity of, 1267 Vitamin K, 1268 for anticoagulant overdose, 1573 in coagulation, 553 deficiency and, 553 for esophageal varices, 602 for hypoprothrombinemia, in cirrhosis, 690 Vitamin K antagonists, 555. See also Warfarin Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex (VKORC1), 553 clinical relevance of testing for variants of, 1726t Vitamin supplements, in HIV infection/ AIDS, 1335 Vitamins. See also specific vitamin adverse ophthalmic effects of, 197t deficiency of, in alcoholic liver disease/ cirrhosis, 680, 686
1944
CMDT 2013
Vitamins (Cont.): disorders of metabolism of, 1264–1268 prenatal, 783 requirements for in nutritional support, 1272 Vitiligo, 155, 156 in Addison disease, 1156 tinea versicolor differentiated from, 114 Vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy, 186 for retinal detachment, 180 for retinal vein occlusion, 182 Vitreous hemorrhage, 180 Vivactil. See Protriptyline Vivelle/Vivelle-Dot, 1183 VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex), 553 clinical relevance of testing for variants of, 1726t VLDL. See Very-low-density lipoproteins/ cholesterol VLP vaccine. See Human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine VMA. See Vanillylmandelic acid VNG. See Videonystagmography Vo2 (maximal oxygen uptake), lung cancer surgery and, 1599 Vocal fold cysts, 235 Vocal fold dysfunction, 242 dyspnea and, 25, 242 Vocal fold nodules, 235 Vocal fold polyps, 235 Vocal folds cancer of, 236 in hoarseness, 233 leukoplakia of, 236 paralysis of, 237–238 thyroid surgery and, 237, 238, 1116, 1119, 1129 traumatic lesions of, 235–236 laryngitis and, 233 Voglibose, 1206t, 1210 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, 178 Voice, abnormal, 233 in laryngeal cancer, 236 in lung cancer, 233, 1597 in peritonsillar abscess/cellulitis, 229 in vocal fold paralysis, 237, 238 Voice rehabilitation, after laryngeal surgery, 237 Voiding. See also Irritative voiding symptoms; Obstructive voiding symptoms dysfunctional, in prostatodynia, 944 increased. See Polyuria involuntary. See also Urinary incontinence during sleep. See Enuresis painful (dysuria), 43–45, 44f Voltaren/Voltaren-XR. See Diclofenac Volume-control ventilation, for ARDS, 323 Volume depletion. See also Dehydration kidney injury and, 902, 910t saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis and, 894–895 Volume overload, 876–877 Volume reduction surgery, for COPD, 265
index Volume replacement. See Fluid management/hydration Volume status hypernatremia and, 875, 876 hyperosmolality and, 877 hyponatremia and, 871f, 872–874 kidney injury and, 902, 910t metabolic alkalosis and, 894–895 Volutrauma. See Barotrauma Vomiting, 86, 566–569, 567t. See also Nausea and vomiting in cholecystitis, 703t, 704 in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction/gastroparesis, 568, 629 with diarrhea/food poisoning/ gastroenteritis, 575, 1293, 1294–1295t in gastric outlet obstruction, 567t, 568, 619 induced in bulimia nervosa, 1263 for poisoning/drug overdose, 1566 in intracerebral hemorrhage, 983, 984 Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears and, 568, 582, 599 palliation of, 86 of pregnancy, 781, 787 gestational trophoblastic disease and, 791 Wernicke encephalopathy and, 1013 radiation exposure and, 567t in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 984 underwater diving/barotrauma and, 202, 203 Vomiting center, 86, 566 von Graefe sign, 1112 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome neuroendocrine tumors in, 1172 pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in, 1167, 1168 renal cell carcinoma in, 1641 von Recklinghausen disease, 996, 996f pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in, 1167 von Willebrand disease, 550t, 551–552, 552t type 2B, 547, 551, 552t von Willebrand factor, 551 reference values for, 1735t von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (vWFCP/ADAMTS-13), in thrombotic microangiopathies, 542 von Willebrand factor concentrate, 550t, 552 von Willebrand factor-containing factor VIII concentrate, 550t, 552 von Willebrand factor receptor, in Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 548 Voriconazole, 1542, 1542t for aspergillosis, 1538 for candidiasis, 598, 1530 for ophthalmic disorders, 168t for paracoccidioidomycosis, 1539 prophylactic, 1281 squamous cell carcinoma development and, 143 Votrient. See Pazopanib
Voyeurism, 1049 VPBs. See Ventricular premature beats V/Q scans. See Ventilation-perfusion scans VSD. See Ventricular septal defect VSL#3 probiotic for irritable bowel syndrome, 635–636 for ulcerative colitis/pouchitis, 648, 649–650 VTE. See Venous thromboembolic disease Vulvar carcinoma, 759–760 Vulvar dystrophy, 760 Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), 760 Vulvar vestibulitis, 767 Vulvar warts, 752, 753. See also Venereal (genital) warts Vulvectomy, 760 Vulvodynia, 767, 1715 Vulvovaginal candidiasis, 132, 751, 751f, 752–753, 1529, 1530 in diabetes, 1197, 1197t, 1228 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1332, 1337, 1338t rape/sexual assault and, 1291 Vulvovaginitis. See Vaginitis vWD. See von Willebrand disease vWF. See von Willebrand factor vWFCP. See von Willebrand factor cleaving protease VX poisoning, 1587 VZIG. See Varicella zoster immune globulin VZV. See Varicella zoster virus VZV vaccine. See Herpes zoster vaccine Waist-hip ratio, in obesity, 1259 Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 529– 530, 1610t cold agglutinin disease and, 507, 530 Walking program for COPD, 264 for osteoarthritis, 811 Warfarin, 555, 557t, 558, 560t, 561t for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 836 in SLE, 834 for atrial fibrillation, 386 in hyperthyroidism, 1118 in mitral stenosis, 338 benzodiazepine interactions and, 1043t after cardiac valve replacement surgery, 343, 349 drug interactions and, 560t for DVT/PE (venous thromboembolic disease) prevention/ treatment, 301, 302, 303, 557t, 558, 560t, 561t for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 544–545, 544t in myocardial infarction, 371, 376 overdose/toxicity of, 303, 1573 perioperative, 52, 349 pregnancy and, 349 for pulmonary hypertension, 424 SSRI interaction and, 1067 for transient ischemic attacks, 979 Warts (verrucae), 139–141, 140f venereal. See Venereal (genital) warts
index Washout time, in antidepressant drug therapy, 1069 WAST (Women Abuse Screening tool), 1712 Wasting in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 in protein–energy malnutrition, 1258 Watchful waiting/surveillance for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 958t, 959, 1636 for prostate cancer, 1632, 1633, 1636 for testicular cancer, 1643 Water body. See Body water contaminated amebiasis and, 1503, 1504, 1505 cholera and, 1448 coccidial/microsporidial infection and, 1506, 1508 cyclosporiasis and, 1507 diarrhea and, 1293 dracunculiasis and, 1520, 1521 enteric (typhoid) fever and, 1445, 1446 fascioliasis and, 1512, 1513 fasciolopsiasis and, 1513 giardiasis and, 1509, 1510 gnathostomiasis and, 1522 Legionnaires disease and, 1443 leptospirosis and, 1477 paragonimiasis and, 1513 purification for pregnant patients and, 787 schistosomiasis and, 1511, 1512 Water deficit. See also Dehydration calculation of, 876 Water drinking. See Psychogenic polydipsia; Water/fluid intake Water fleas, dracunculiasis transmitted by, 1520–1521 Water/fluid intake. See also Fluid management/hydration in diabetes insipidus, 1098, 1099 disorders of/inappropriate, 1055 genetic disorders and, 878t hypernatremia caused by, 875, 876 hyponatremia caused by, 871, 1055 heat exposure prevention and, 1547 requirements for in nutritional support, 1271 restriction of for chronic kidney disease, 915 for hyponatremia, 874 urinary stone formation and, 947, 948, 949 withholding, in terminally ill/dying patient, 90–91 Water-hammer pulse, 344 Water shifts, hyperosmolality with and without, 877 Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, 1154 Waterston-Cooley shunt, for tetralogy of Fallot, 331 WDHA, 1189 Weakness/muscle weakness, 977. See also Myopathies; Myositis; Paralysis in botulism, 1033–1034 in Cushing syndrome, 841, 1158
in diabetes, 1197, 1197t differential diagnosis of, 841–842 drugs causing, 841–842 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1024 in HIV infection/antiretroviral therapy, 861, 1325, 1328 in inclusion body myositis, 841, 1036 in metabolic bone disorders/renal osteodystrophy, 912 in motor neuron diseases, 977, 1019, 1020 in multiple sclerosis, 1010 in muscular dystrophy, 1034 in myasthenia gravis, 1032 in myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome, 1033 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 840, 841 spinal trauma causing, 1018 in stroke, 981 Web space (interdigital) tinea pedis, 112, 113f cellulitis and, 112, 137 WEB (Women’s Experience with Battering) scale, 1712 Weber test, 199 Webs, esophageal. See Esophageal webs Weeping/crusted skin lesions, 95t, 123–125. See also specific type drying agents for, 94 Wegener granulomatosis. See Granulomatosis, with polyangiitis Weight changes in. See also Weight gain; Weight loss water balance and, 870, 897 exercise/activity in maintenance of, 12–13, 13 normal, 37 Weight gain. See also Obesity binge eating disorder and, 1714 drugs causing antipsychotic agents, 1059, 1060t lithium, 1073 thiazolidinediones, 1210 in pregnancy, 783, 785 prevention of, exercise/activity and, 12–13, 13 smoking cessation and, 8 Weight loss (involuntary/unintended), 37–38, 37t. See also specific disorder and Weight reduction in anorexia, 1262 in diabetes, 1197, 1197t diabetic neuropathic cachexia and, 1226 in elderly, 37, 37t, 69–70 in HIV infection/AIDS, 1325 malabsorption and, 621t in protein–energy malnutrition, 1257, 1258 in Whipple disease, 623 Weight reduction, 1260–1261 in arthritis prevention/management, 811 exercise/activity in, 12–13, 13 in GERD management, 596 in hypertension management/ prevention, 436, 441, 441t
CMDT 2013
1945
for obese patient, 14, 1260–1261 obesity-hypoventilation (Pickwickian) syndrome and, 318 with type 2 diabetes, 1205, 1220 for polycystic ovary syndrome, 766 in psoriasis management, 106 for sleep apnea, 319 for snoring, 231 Weil-Felix test, in relapsing fever, 1475 Weil syndrome, 1477 WelChol. See Colesevelam Wellbutrin. See Bupropion “Wells rule,” 34 Wenckebach (Mobitz type I) atrioventricular block, 394, 394–395 in myocardial infarction, 373 Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, 1020 Wermer syndrome. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), type 1 Wernicke aphasia, stroke causing, 981 Wernicke encephalopathy/syndrome, 893, 1013, 1081, 1264 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 681, 1013, 1081, 1264 West African trypanosomiasis, 1484, 1485, 1485t West Nile fever/encephalitis, 1378–1380 screening blood for virus causing, 536, 1379, 1380 Westermark sign, in pulmonary embolism, 299 Western blot assay in HIV infection/AIDS, 1323, 1324t reference values for, 1731t in Lyme disease, 1480 Western (equine) encephalitis, 1378–1380 Western subtype tick-borne encephalitis, 1391 Wet drowning, 1556 WFS1 gene mutation, in Wolfram syndrome, 1195 Wharton duct, calculus formation in, 232 Wheals. See Urticaria Wheat procedure, 343, 346 for aortic regurgitation, 346 for aortic stenosis, 343 Wheezes in asthma, 244, 246, 247t dyspnea and, 25 emotional laryngeal, 248 in heart failure (cardiac asthma), 243 in pulmonary embolism, 298t Whiplash injuries, 1018 neck pain in, 817–818, 1686 Whipple disease, 623–624 arthritis in, 623, 858 Whipple resection, for pancreatic/ periampullary carcinoma, 1609 Whipple triad, 1239 Whipworm infections (trichuriasis), 1517–1518 Whispered voice test, 72, 198, 199t White blood cell count (leukocyte count), 1732t, 1735t in acute leukemia, 520
1946
CMDT 2013
White blood cell count (leukocyte count) (Cont.): ascitic fluid, 588 in bacterial peritonitis, 588, 589, 689 in peritoneal carcinomatosis, 588, 590 in tuberculous peritonitis, 588 cerebrospinal fluid, 1286t chemotherapy dosage modification and, 1559t in cholecystitis, 703t, 704 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 in chronic myeloid leukemia, 511t, 516 in essential thrombocytosis, 511t, 513 joint fluid, 809, 810t, 811t in gonococcal arthritis, 860 in nongonococcal acute bacterial (septic) arthritis, 859 in myeloproliferative neoplasms, 511t pleural fluid, 314, 314t in polycythemia, 511t, 512 in primary myelofibrosis, 511t, 514 reference values for, 1732t, 1735t White blood cells. See Leukocytes White cell aplasia, pure, 510 White cell casts, 898, 899t in interstitial nephritis, 898, 907 White top PPT, 1736t Whitewater Arroyo virus, 1384 Whitlow, herpetic, 1351, 1351f Whole blood. See Fresh whole blood Whole bowel irrigation, for poisoning/ drug overdose, 1567 Whooping cough (pertussis). See Pertussis Wickham striae, 144 Wide QRS complex. See QRS complex, wide Williams syndrome, hypercalcemia in, 1142 Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), 696–697, 697f movement disorders in, 696, 1004 parkinsonism differentiated from, 998 Winging, scapula, in impingement syndrome, 1675 WinRho. See Anti-D Winterbottom sign, 1484 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 538 Withdrawal. See also specific substance cognitive disorders/delirium caused by, 1087t seizures caused by, 969 Withdrawal response, in coma or stupor, 1014 Withdrawal/withholding of curative effort, in terminally ill/dying patient, 91, 91t advance directives and, 89 Wolbachia bacteria filariasis and, 1526 onchocerciasis and, 1526, 1527 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 383 palpitations in, 31 Wolfram syndrome, 1098, 1195 Women Abuse Screening tool (WAST), 1712 Women’s Experience with Battering (WEB) scale, 1712
index Women’s health issues, 1706–1721. See also specific issue age-related facial changes and, 1720–1721 breast mass and, 1717–1719. See also Breast cancer; Lump (breast) cancer prevention and, 1708–1710 cardiovascular disease/prevention and, 1706–1707 chronic pelvic pain and, 1714–1716 depression screening in, 1711 eating disorders and, 1712–1714 hair loss and, 1719–1720 health maintenance/preventive care and, 1706–1711 intimate partner violence and, 1711–1712 mastalgia (breast pain) and, 1716–1717 nipple discharge and, 1719 osteoporosis prevention and, 1710–1711 sexuality/sexual health and, 1714 STD prevention and, 1711 varicose vein treatment and, 1720 Wood alcohol. See Methanol Wood light in erythrasma diagnosis, 112 in pigmentary disorder evaluation, 156 in rape victim examination, 778 Woody (Riedel) thyroiditis, 1120, 1121, 1122 Word-finding difficulty, in dementia, 1006 Word recall, three-item, in dementia screening, 60, 1007 Wound botulism, 1431, 1586 Wound care for bite wounds, 1289 rabies and, 1377 in burn injuries, 1551 for frostbite, 1546 for leg ulcers, 154 for lymphangitis/lymphadenitis, 484 for pressure ulcers, 70–71, 71t tetanus prophylaxis/treatment and, 1430, 1430t Wound infections clostridial botulism, 1431, 1586 myonecrosis/gas gangrene, 1300t, 1428–1429 tetanus, 1300t, 1429–1430. See also Tetanus surgical, 55, 1283, 1284 antibiotic prophylaxis of, 55–56 in diabetic patients, 54 Wrestlers, epidemic herpes in (herpes gladiatorum), 1351 Wrist in carpal tunnel syndrome, 823, 824, 1688–1689, 1689t examination of, 1688, 1689, 1689t in lateral and medial epicondylosis, 1687–1688 ulnar nerve lesions at, 1027 Writer’s cramp, 1003 WT1, in mesothelioma, 1602 Wuchereria bancrofti, 1524
eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and, 296, 1525 Wytensin. See Guanabenz X chromosome in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 1021 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1034, 1035t fragile site on, mental retardation and, 1667 in idiopathic torsion dystonia, 1002 in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174, 1669 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187 X chromosome mosaicism, 1180, 1181 in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1187 x descent, in tricuspid regurgitation, 347 X-inactive-specific transcriptase (XIST), in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174 X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy, 1020 X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia, 1093, 1094, 1175 X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, 1150, 1151 X-ray studies. See also specific disorder and under Radiation radiation exposure and, 1554, 1555 cancer risk and, 1555, 1594 Xalacom. See Latanoprost/timolol Xalatan. See Latanoprost Xalkori. See Crizotinib Xanax. See Alprazolam Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, for gout, 815–816 Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, 705 Xanthomas in biliary cirrhosis, 693 eruptive, 1247, 1248f in diabetes, 1197, 1228, 1248f tendinous, 1247–1248 Xeloda. See Capecitabine Xerosis in HIV infection/AIDS, 1331 in vitamin A deficiency, 1266 Xerostomia, in Sjögren syndrome, 843 Xgeva. See Denosumab Xibrom. See Bromfenac XIST. See X-inactive-specific transcriptase XO karyotype, in Turner syndrome, 1186, 1186–1187 Xp-, in Turner syndrome, 1187 Xp11.2 translocation, in renal cell carcinoma, 1641 Xq, in Turner syndrome, 1186 XXY karyotype, 1174, 1669. See also Klinefelter syndrome XY gonadal dysgenesis, 1174–1175 XY karyotype, hirsutism/virilization and, 1162 Xylitol, 1205 Xyloprim. See Allopurinol d-(14C)Xylose breath test, in bacterial overgrowth, 580 Xyrem. See Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Y chromosome, in Klinefelter syndrome, 1174 Y chromosome microdeletions, in male infertility, 955 Yaws (frambesia), 1300t, 1475
index Yellow fever, 1389–1390 prevention/immunization and, 1315– 1316, 1390 Yellow fever virus vaccine, 1315–1316, 1390 Yellow top tubes, 1736t Yersinia enterocolitica, diarrhea/gastroenteritis caused by, 574t, 575, 576, 1293, 1295t pestis, 1300t, 1451 Yervoy. See Ipilimumab Yoga, for back pain, 821 Yohimbine, toxicity of, 1578t Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. See also Ibritumomab tiuxetan for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 525 Z score, 1146 Zaditor. See Ketotifen Zafirlukast, for asthma, 252t, 253 Zalcitabine (ddC), 1341t, 1343, 1344, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART Zaleplon, 1042t, 1076 overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 Zanamivir, for influenza, 23, 1354t, 1395, 1396, 1398, 1399 prophylactic, 1397 resistance to, 1396 ZAP-70, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522 Zaroxolyn. See Metolazone ZEBRA antibodies, in mononucleosis, 1362 Zegerid, for stress gastritis, 608 Zelboraf. See Vemurafenib Zelnorm. See Tegaserod Zemplar. See Paricalcitol Zenker diverticulum, 601 Zerit. See Stavudine Zestoretic. See Lisinopril, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide Zestril. See Lisinopril Zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70), in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 522
Zetia. See Ezetimibe Zevalin. See Ibritumomab tiuxetan Ziac. See Bisoprolol, with hydrochlorothiazide Ziagen. See Abacavir Zidovudine (AZT), 1341t, 1343, 1347, 1348f. See also Antiretroviral therapy/HAART with lamivudine, 1343, 1347, 1348f postexposure/after needle stick, 1335 with lamivudine and abacavir, 1344, 1348f myopathy caused by, 1036, 1328 for prevention of HIV transmission to fetus/newborn, 805, 1336 postexposure/after needle stick, 1335–1336 resistance to, 1349 ZIFT. See Zygote intrafallopian transfer Zileuton, for asthma, 249f, 252t, 253 Zinacef. See Cefuroxime Zinc parenteral nutritional support and, 1272, 1274t toxicity of, 1578t for viral rhinosinusitis (common cold), 23, 214 for Wilson disease, 697 Zinc-finger protein-9 gene, in myotonic dystrophy, 1034, 1035t Zinc transporter 8 antibodies, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Zinecard. See Dexrazoxane Zioptan. See Tafluprost Ziprasidone, 1055, 1056t, 1057–1058, 1057t, 1060t overdose/toxicity of, 1057–1058, 1057t, 1059, 1060t, 1574 Zirgan. See Ganciclovir Zithromax. See Azithromycin ZnT8 antibodies, in type 1 diabetes, 1193, 1193t Zocor. See Simvastatin Zoladex. See Goserelin Zoledronate/zoledronic acid, 1146, 1147. See also Bisphosphonates in breast cancer management, 738, 739
CMDT 2013
1947
for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/ bone pain, 1659t for hypercalcemia/ hyperparathyroidism, 1143, 1647 for osteoporosis prevention/ management, 1146, 1147 corticosteroid use and, 1191 for Paget disease of bone, 1153 for thyroid cancer bone metastases, 1130 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma), 619–620, 1172, 1189 carcinoid tumors and, 1619 GERD and, 597, 619 in MEN, 619, 620, 1172, 1189 peptic ulcer disease and, 617, 619–620, 1172, 1189 Zolmitriptan for cluster headache, 965 for migraine headache, 963–964 Zoloft. See Sertraline Zolpidem, 1042t, 1076 overdose/toxicity of, 1579–1580 Zometa. See Zoledronate/zoledronic acid Zona-free hamster egg penetration tests, in infertility workup, 768 Zonalon. See Doxepin Zonisamide, 972, 973t for obesity, 1261 overdose/toxicity of, 973t, 1573 Zostavax. See Herpes zoster vaccine; Varicella vaccine Zoster. See Herpes zoster Zoster ophthalmicus, 120, 173, 1331, 1358 Zoster sine herpete, 1359 Zoster vaccine. See Herpes zoster vaccine Zostrix. See Capsaicin Zosyn. See Piperacillin-tazobactam Zovirax. See Acyclovir Zygomycosis (mucormycosis), 1538, 1542 rhinocerebral, 217 Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), 769 Zymar. See Gatifloxacin Zyprexa. See Olanzapine Zytiga. See Abiraterone